*shmei=o/n e)stin, ou(= me/ros ou)qe/n. *grammh\ de\ mh=kos a)plate/s. *grammh=s de\ pe/rata shmei=a. *eu)qei=a grammh/ e)stin, h(/tis e)c i)/sou toi=s e)f' e(auth=s shmei/ois kei=tai. *)epifa/neia de/ e)stin, o(\ mh=kos kai\ pla/tos mo/non e)/xei. *)epifanei/as de\ pe/rata grammai/. *)epi/pedos e)pifa/neia/ e)stin, h(/tis e)c i)/sou tai=s e)f' e(auth=s eu)qei/ais kei=tai. *)epi/pedos de\ gwni/a e)sti\n h( e)n e)pipe/dw| du/o grammw=n a(ptome/nwn a)llh/lwn kai\ mh\ e)p' eu)qei/as keime/nwn pro\s a)llh/las tw=n grammw=n kli/sis. *(/otan de\ ai( perie/xousai th\n gwni/an grammai\ eu)qei=ai w)=sin, eu)qu/grammos kalei=tai h( gwni/a. *(/otan de\ eu)qei=a e)p' eu)qei=an staqei=sa ta\s e)fech=s gwni/as i)/sas a)llh/lais poih=|, o)rqh\ e(kate/ra tw=n i)/swn gw- niw=n e)sti, kai\ h( e)festhkui=a eu)qei=a ka/qetos kalei=tai, e)f' h(\n e)fe/sthken. *)amblei=a gwni/a e)sti\n h( mei/zwn o)rqh=s. *)ocei=a de\ h( e)la/sswn o)rqh=s. *(/oros e)sti/n, o(/ tino/s e)sti pe/ras. *sxh=ma/ e)sti to\ u(po/ tinos h)/ tinwn o(/rwn periexo/menon. *ku/klos e)sti\ sxh=ma e)pi/pedon u(po\ mia=s grammh=s periexo/menon [h(\ kalei=tai perife/reia], pro\s h(\n a)f' e(no\s shmei/ou tw=n e)nto\s tou= sxh/matos keime/nwn pa=sai ai( prospi/ptousai eu)qei=ai [pro\s th\n tou= ku/klou peri- fe/reian] i)/sai a)llh/lais ei)si/n. *ke/ntron de\ tou= ku/klou to\ shmei=on kalei=tai. *dia/metros de\ tou= ku/klou e)sti\n eu)qei=a/ tis dia\ tou= ke/ntrou h)gme/nh kai\ peratoume/nh e)f' e(ka/tera ta\ me/rh u(po\ th=s tou= ku/klou periferei/as, h(/tis kai\ di/xa te/mnei to\n ku/klon. *(hmiku/klion de/ e)sti to\ periexo/menon sxh=ma u(po/ te th=s diame/trou kai\ th=s a)polambanome/nhs u(p' au)th=s peri- ferei/as. ke/ntron de\ tou= h(mikukli/ou to\ au)to/, o(\ kai\ tou= ku/klou e)sti/n. *sxh/mata eu)qu/gramma/ e)sti ta\ u(po\ eu)qeiw=n periexo/- mena, tri/pleura me\n ta\ u(po\ triw=n, tetra/pleura de\ ta\ u(po\ tessa/rwn, polu/pleura de\ ta\ u(po\ pleio/nwn h)\ tessa/- rwn eu)qeiw=n periexo/mena. *tw=n de\ tripleu/rwn sxhma/twn i)so/pleuron me\n tri/- gwno/n e)sti to\ ta\s trei=s i)/sas e)/xon pleura/s, i)soskele\s de\ to\ ta\s du/o mo/nas i)/sas e)/xon pleura/s, skalhno\n de\ to\ ta\s trei=s a)ni/sous e)/xon pleura/s. *)/eti de\ tw=n tripleu/rwn sxhma/twn o)rqogw/nion me\n tri/gwno/n e)sti to\ e)/xon o)rqh\n gwni/an, a)mblugw/nion de\ to\ e)/xon a)mblei=an gwni/an, o)cugw/nion de\ to\ ta\s trei=s o)cei/as e)/xon gwni/as. *tw=n de\ tetrapleu/rwn sxhma/twn tetra/gwnon me/n e)stin, o(\ i)so/pleuro/n te/ e)sti kai\ o)rqogw/nion, e(tero/mhkes de/, o(\ o)rqogw/nion me/n, ou)k i)so/pleuron de/, r(o/mbos de/, o(\ i)so/pleuron me/n, ou)k o)rqogw/nion de/, r(omboeide\s de\ to\ ta\s a)penanti/on pleura/s te kai\ gwni/as i)/sas a)llh/lais e)/xon, o(\ ou)/te i)so/pleuro/n e)stin ou)/te o)rqogw/nion: ta\ de\ para\ tau=ta tetra/pleura trape/zia kalei/sqw. *para/llhloi/ ei)sin eu)qei=ai, ai(/tines e)n tw=| au)tw=| e)pi- pe/dw| ou)=sai kai\ e)kballo/menai ei)s a)/peiron e)f' e(ka/tera ta\ me/rh e)pi\ mhde/tera sumpi/ptousin a)llh/lais.

*)hith/sqw a)po\ panto\s shmei/ou e)pi\ pa=n shmei=on eu)qei=an grammh\n a)gagei=n. *kai\ peperasme/nhn eu)qei=an kata\ to\ sunexe\s e)p' eu)- qei/as e)kbalei=n. *kai\ panti\ ke/ntrw| kai\ diasth/mati ku/klon gra/- fesqai. *kai\ pa/sas ta\s o)rqa\s gwni/as i)/sas a)llh/lais ei)=nai. *kai\ e)a\n ei)s du/o eu)qei/as eu)qei=a e)mpi/ptousa ta\s e)nto\s kai\ e)pi\ ta\ au)ta\ me/rh gwni/as du/o o)rqw=n e)la/ssonas poih=|, e)kballome/nas ta\s du/o eu)qei/as e)p' a)/peiron sumpi/- ptein, e)f' a(\ me/rh ei)si\n ai( tw=n du/o o)rqw=n e)la/ssones.

*ta\ tw=| au)tw=| i)/sa kai\ a)llh/lois e)sti\n i)/sa. *kai\ e)a\n i)/sois i)/sa prosteqh=|, ta\ o(/la e)sti\n i)/sa. *kai\ e)a\n a)po\ i)/swn i)/sa a)faireqh=|, ta\ kataleipo/mena/ e)stin i)/sa. [*kai\ e)a\n a)ni/sois i)/sa prosteqh=|, ta\ o(/la e)sti\n a)/nisa. *kai\ ta\ tou= au)tou= dipla/sia i)/sa a)llh/lois e)sti/n. *kai\ ta\ tou= au)tou= h(mi/sh i)/sa a)llh/lois e)sti/n.] *kai\ ta\ e)farmo/zonta e)p' a)/llhla i)/sa a)llh/lois e)sti/n. *kai\ to\ o(/lon tou= me/rous mei=zon [e)stin]. *kai\ du/o eu)qei=ai xwri/on ou) perie/xousin.

*)epi\ th=s doqei/shs eu)qei/as peperasme/nhs tri/gwnon i)so/- pleuron susth/sasqai. *)/estw h( doqei=sa eu)qei=a peperasme/nh h( *a*b. *dei= dh\ e)pi\ th=s *a*b eu)qei/as tri/gwnon i)so/pleuron susth/- sasqai. *ke/ntrw| me\n tw=| *a diasth/mati de\ tw=| *a*b ku/klos gegra/- fqw o( *b*g*d, kai\ pa/lin ke/ntrw| me\n tw=| *b diasth/mati de\ tw=| *b*a ku/klos gegra/fqw o( *a*g*e, kai\ a)po\ tou= *g sh- mei/ou, kaq' o(\ te/mnousin a)llh/- lous oi( ku/kloi, e)pi\ ta\ *a, *b shmei=a e)pezeu/xqwsan eu)qei=ai ai( *g*a, *g*b. *kai\ e)pei\ to\ *a shmei=on ke/n- tron e)sti\ tou= *g*d*b ku/klou, i)/sh e)sti\n h( *a*g th=| *a*b: pa/lin, e)pei\ to\ *b shmei=on ke/ntron e)sti\ tou= *g*a*e ku/klou, i)/sh e)sti\n h( *b*g th=| *b*a. e)dei/xqh de\ kai\ h( *g*a th=| *a*b i)/sh: e(kate/ra a)/ra tw=n *g*a, *g*b th=| *a*b e)sti\n i)/sh. ta\ de\ tw=| au)tw=| i)/sa kai\ a)llh/lois e)sti\n i)/sa: kai\ h( *g*a a)/ra th=| *g*b e)sti\n i)/sh: ai( trei=s a)/ra ai( *g*a, *a*b, *b*g i)/sai a)llh/lais ei)si/n. *)iso/pleuron a)/ra e)sti\ to\ *a*b*g tri/gwnon, kai\ sune/statai e)pi\ th=s doqei/shs eu)qei/as peperasme/nhs th=s *a*b. [*)epi\ th=s doqei/shs a)/ra eu)qei/as peperasme/nhs tri/gwnon i)so/pleuron sune/statai]: o(/per e)/dei poih=sai. *pro\s tw=| doqe/nti shmei/w| th=| doqei/sh| eu)qei/a| i)/shn eu)qei=an qe/sqai. *)/estw to\ me\n doqe\n shmei=on to\ *a, h( de\ doqei=sa eu)qei=a h( *b*g: dei= dh\ pro\s tw=| *a shmei/w| th=| doqei/sh| eu)qei/a| th=| *b*g i)/shn eu)qei=an qe/sqai. *)epezeu/xqw ga\r a)po\ tou= *a shmei/ou e)pi\ to\ *b shmei=on eu)qei=a h( *a*b, kai\ sunesta/tw e)p' au)th=s tri/gwnon i)so/pleu- ron to\ *d*a*b, kai\ e)kbeblh/sqwsan e)p' eu)qei/as tai=s *d*a, *d*b eu)qei=ai ai( *a*e, *b*z, kai\ ke/ntrw| me\n tw=| *b diasth/mati de\ tw=| *b*g ku/klos gegra/fqw o( *g*h*q, kai\ pa/lin ke/ntrw| tw=| *d kai\ diasth/mati tw=| *d*h ku/klos gegra/fqw o( *h*k*l. *)epei\ ou)=n to\ *b shmei=on ke/n- tron e)sti\ tou= *g*h*q ku/klou, i)/sh e)sti\n h( *b*g th=| *b*h. pa/lin, e)pei\ to\ *d shmei=on ke/ntron e)sti\ tou= *k*l*h ku/klou, i)/sh e)sti\n h( *d*l th=| *d*h, w(=n h( *d*a th=| *d*b i)/sh e)sti/n. loiph\ a)/ra h( *a*l loiph=| th=| *b*h e)sti\n i)/sh. e)dei/xqh de\ kai\ h( *b*g th=| *b*h i)/sh: e(kate/ra a)/ra tw=n *a*l, *b*g th=| *b*h e)sti\n i)/sh. ta\ de\ tw=| au)tw=| i)/sa kai\ a)llh/lois e)sti\n i)/sa: kai\ h( *a*l a)/ra th=| *b*g e)sti\n i)/sh. *pro\s a)/ra tw=| doqe/nti shmei/w| tw=| *a th=| doqei/sh| eu)qei/a| th=| *b*g i)/sh eu)qei=a kei=tai h( *a*l: o(/per e)/dei poih=sai. *du/o doqeisw=n eu)qeiw=n a)ni/swn a)po\ th=s mei/zonos th=| e)la/ssoni i)/shn eu)qei=an a)felei=n. *)/estwsan ai( doqei=sai du/o eu)qei=ai a)/nisoi ai( *a*b, *g, w(=n mei/zwn e)/stw h( *a*b: dei= dh\ a)po\ th=s mei/zonos th=s *a*b th=| e)la/ssoni th=| *g i)/shn eu)qei=an a)felei=n. *kei/sqw pro\s tw=| *a shmei/w| th=| *g eu)qei/a| i)/sh h( *a*d: kai\ ke/ntrw| me\n tw=| *a diasth/mati de\ tw=| *a*d ku/klos gegra/fqw o( *d*e*z. *kai\ e)pei\ to\ *a shmei=on ke/ntron e)sti\ tou= *d*e*z ku/klou, i)/sh e)sti\n h( *a*e th=| *a*d: a)lla\ kai\ h( *g th=| *a*d e)stin i)/sh. e(kate/ra a)/ra tw=n *a*e, *g th=| *a*d e)stin i)/sh: w(/ste kai\ h( *a*e th=| *g e)stin i)/sh. *du/o a)/ra doqeisw=n eu)qeiw=n a)ni/swn tw=n *a*b, *g a)po\ th=s mei/zonos th=s *a*b th=| e)la/ssoni th=| *g i)/sh a)fh/|rhtai h( *a*e: o(/per e)/dei poih=sai. *)ea\n du/o tri/gwna ta\s du/o pleura\s [tai=s] dusi\ pleurai=s i)/sas e)/xh| e(kate/ran e(kate/ra| kai\ th\n gwni/an th=| gwni/a| i)/shn e)/xh| th\n u(po\ tw=n i)/swn eu)qeiw=n periexome/nhn, kai\ th\n ba/sin th=| ba/sei i)/shn e(/cei, kai\ to\ tri/gwnon tw=| trigw/nw| i)/son e)/stai, kai\ ai( loipai\ gwni/ai tai=s loipai=s gwni/ais i)/sai e)/son- tai e(kate/ra e(kate/ra|, u(f' a(\s ai( i)/sai pleurai\ u(potei/nousin. *)/estw du/o tri/gwna ta\ *a*b*g, *d*e*z ta\s du/o pleura\s ta\s *a*b, *a*g tai=s dusi\ pleurai=s tai=s *d*e, *d*z i)/sas e)/xonta e(kate/ran e(kate/ra| th\n me\n *a*b th=| *d*e th\n de\ *a*g th=| *d*z kai\ gwni/an th\n u(po\ *b*a*g gwni/a| th=| u(po\ *e*d*z i)/shn. le/gw, o(/ti kai\ ba/sis h( *b*g ba/sei th=| *e*z i)/sh e)sti/n, kai\ to\ *a*b*g tri/gwnon tw=| *d*e*z trigw/nw| i)/son e)/stai, kai\ ai( loipai\ gwni/ai tai=s loipai=s gwni/ais i)/sai e)/son- tai e(kate/ra e(kate/ra|, u(f' a(\s ai( i)/sai pleurai\ u(potei/nou- sin, h( me\n u(po\ *a*b*g th=| u(po\ *d*e*z, h( de\ u(po\ *a*g*b th=| u(po\ *d*z*e. *)efarmozome/nou ga\r tou= *a*b*g trigw/nou e)pi\ to\ *d*e*z tri/gwnon kai\ tiqeme/nou tou= me\n *a shmei/ou e)pi\ to\ *d sh- mei=on th=s de\ *a*b eu)qei/as e)pi\ th\n *d*e, e)farmo/sei kai\ to\ *b shmei=on e)pi\ to\ *e dia\ to\ i)/shn ei)=nai th\n *a*b th=| *d*e: e)far- mosa/shs dh\ th=s *a*b e)pi\ th\n *d*e e)farmo/sei kai\ h( *a*g eu)qei=a e)pi\ th\n *d*z dia\ to\ i)/shn ei)=nai th\n u(po\ *b*a*g gw- ni/an th=| u(po\ *e*d*z: w(/ste kai\ to\ *g shmei=on e)pi\ to\ *z sh- mei=on e)farmo/sei dia\ to\ i)/shn pa/lin ei)=nai th\n *a*g th=| *d*z. a)lla\ mh\n kai\ to\ *b e)pi\ to\ *e e)fhrmo/kei: w(/ste ba/sis h( *b*g e)pi\ ba/sin th\n *e*z e)farmo/sei. ei) ga\r tou= me\n *b e)pi\ to\ *e e)farmo/santos tou= de\ *g e)pi\ to\ *z h( *b*g ba/sis e)pi\ th\n *e*z ou)k e)farmo/sei, du/o eu)qei=ai xwri/on perie/cousin: o(/per e)sti\n a)du/naton. e)farmo/sei a)/ra h( *b*g ba/sis e)pi\ th\n *e*z kai\ i)/sh au)th=| e)/stai: w(/ste kai\ o(/lon to\ *a*b*g tri/gwnon e)pi\ o(/lon to\ *d*e*z tri/gwnon e)farmo/sei kai\ i)/son au)tw=| e)/stai, kai\ ai( loipai\ gwni/ai e)pi\ ta\s loipa\s gwni/as e)farmo/sousi kai\ i)/sai au)tai=s e)/sontai, h( me\n u(po\ *a*b*g th=| u(po\ *d*e*z h( de\ u(po\ *a*g*b th=| u(po\ *d*z*e. *)ea\n a)/ra du/o tri/gwna ta\s du/o pleura\s [tai=s] du/o pleu- rai=s i)/sas e)/xh| e(kate/ran e(kate/ra| kai\ th\n gwni/an th=| gwni/a| i)/shn e)/xh| th\n u(po\ tw=n i)/swn eu)qeiw=n periexome/nhn, kai\ th\n ba/sin th=| ba/sei i)/shn e(/cei, kai\ to\ tri/gwnon tw=| trigw/nw| i)/son e)/stai, kai\ ai( loipai\ gwni/ai tai=s loipai=s gwni/ais i)/sai e)/sontai e(kate/ra e(kate/ra|, u(f' a(\s ai( i)/sai pleurai\ u(potei/- nousin: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *tw=n i)soskelw=n trigw/nwn ai( pro\s th=| ba/sei gwni/ai i)/sai a)llh/lais ei)si/n, kai\ prosekblhqeisw=n tw=n i)/swn eu)qeiw=n ai( u(po\ th\n ba/sin gwni/ai i)/sai a)llh/lais e)/sontai. *)/estw tri/gwnon i)soskele\s to\ *a*b*g i)/shn e)/xon th\n *a*b pleura\n th=| *a*g pleura=|, kai\ prosekbeblh/sqwsan e)p' eu)qei/as tai=s *a*b, *a*g eu)qei=ai ai( *b*d, *g*e: le/gw, o(/ti h( me\n u(po\ *a*b*g gwni/a th=| u(po\ *a*g*b i)/sh e)sti/n, h( de\ u(po\ *g*b*d th=| u(po\ *b*g*e. *ei)lh/fqw ga\r e)pi\ th=s *b*d tuxo\n sh- mei=on to\ *z, kai\ a)fh|rh/sqw a)po\ th=s mei/- zonos th=s *a*e th=| e)la/ssoni th=| *a*z i)/sh h( *a*h, kai\ e)pezeu/xqwsan ai( *z*g, *h*b eu)qei=ai. *)epei\ ou)=n i)/sh e)sti\n h( me\n *a*z th=| *a*h h( de\ *a*b th=| *a*g, du/o dh\ ai( *z*a, *a*g dusi\ tai=s *h*a, *a*b i)/sai ei)si\n e(kate/ra e(kate/ra|: kai\ gwni/an koinh\n perie/xousi th\n u(po\ *z*a*h: ba/sis a)/ra h( *z*g ba/sei th=| *h*b i)/sh e)sti/n, kai\ to\ *a*z*g tri/gwnon tw=| *a*h*b trigw/nw| i)/son e)/stai, kai\ ai( loipai\ gw- ni/ai tai=s loipai=s gwni/ais i)/sai e)/sontai e(kate/ra e(kate/ra|, u(f' a(\s ai( i)/sai pleurai\ u(potei/nousin, h( me\n u(po\ *a*g*z th=| u(po\ *a*b*h, h( de\ u(po\ *a*z*g th=| u(po\ *a*h*b. kai\ e)pei\ o(/lh h( *a*z o(/lh| th=| *a*h e)stin i)/sh, w(=n h( *a*b th=| *a*g e)stin i)/sh, loiph\ a)/ra h( *b*z loiph=| th=| *g*h e)stin i)/sh. e)dei/xqh de\ kai\ h( *z*g th=| *h*b i)/sh: du/o dh\ ai( *b*z, *z*g dusi\ tai=s *g*h, *h*b i)/sai ei)si\n e(kate/ra e(kate/ra|: kai\ gwni/a h( u(po\ *b*z*g gwni/a| th=| u(po\ *g*h*b i)/sh, kai\ ba/sis au)tw=n koinh\ h( *b*g: kai\ to\ *b*z*g a)/ra tri/gwnon tw=| *g*h*b trigw/nw| i)/son e)/stai, kai\ ai( loipai\ gwni/ai tai=s loipai=s gwni/ais i)/sai e)/son- tai e(kate/ra e(kate/ra|, u(f' a(\s ai( i)/sai pleurai\ u(potei/nousin: i)/sh a)/ra e)sti\n h( me\n u(po\ *z*b*g th=| u(po\ *h*g*b h( de\ u(po\ *b*g*z th=| u(po\ *g*b*h. e)pei\ ou)=n o(/lh h( u(po\ *a*b*h gwni/a o(/lh| th=| u(po\ *a*g*z gwni/a| e)dei/xqh i)/sh, w(=n h( u(po\ *g*b*h th=| u(po\ *b*g*z i)/sh, loiph\ a)/ra h( u(po\ *a*b*g loiph=| th=| u(po\ *a*g*b e)stin i)/sh: kai/ ei)si pro\s th=| ba/sei tou= *a*b*g trigw/nou. e)dei/xqh de\ kai\ h( u(po\ *z*b*g th=| u(po\ *h*g*b i)/sh: kai/ ei)sin u(po\ th\n ba/sin. *tw=n a)/ra i)soskelw=n trigw/nwn ai( pro\s th=| ba/sei gwni/ai i)/sai a)llh/lais ei)si/n, kai\ prosekblhqeisw=n tw=n i)/swn eu)qeiw=n ai( u(po\ th\n ba/sin gwni/ai i)/sai a)llh/lais e)/sontai: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *)ea\n trigw/nou ai( du/o gwni/ai i)/sai a)llh/lais w)=sin, kai\ ai( u(po\ ta\s i)/sas gwni/ais u(potei/nousai pleurai\ i)/sai a)llh/lais e)/sontai. *)/estw tri/gwnon to\ *a*b*g i)/shn e)/xon th\n u(po\ *a*b*g gw- ni/an th=| u(po\ *a*g*b gwni/a|: le/gw, o(/ti kai\ pleura\ h( *a*b pleura=| th=| *a*g e)stin i)/sh. *ei) ga\r a)/niso/s e)stin h( *a*b th=| *a*g, h( e(te/ra au)tw=n mei/zwn e)sti/n. e)/stw mei/zwn h( *a*b, kai\ a)fh|rh/sqw a)po\ th=s mei/zonos th=s *a*b th=| e)la/ttoni th=| *a*g i)/sh h( *d*b, kai\ e)pezeu/- xqw h( *d*g. *)epei\ ou)=n i)/sh e)sti\n h( *d*b th=| *a*g koinh\ de\ h( *b*g, du/o dh\ ai( *d*b, *b*g du/o tai=s *a*g, *g*b i)/sai ei)si\n e(kate/ra e(kate/ra|, kai\ gwni/a h( u(po\ *d*b*g gwni/a| th=| u(po\ *a*g*b e)stin i)/sh: ba/sis a)/ra h( *d*g ba/sei th=| *a*b i)/sh e)sti/n, kai\ to\ *d*b*g tri/gwnon tw=| *a*g*b trigw/nw| i)/son e)/stai, to\ e)/lasson tw=| mei/zoni: o(/per a)/topon: ou)k a)/ra a)/niso/s e)stin h( *a*b th=| *a*g: i)/sh a)/ra. *)ea\n a)/ra trigw/nou ai( du/o gwni/ai i)/sai a)llh/lais w)=sin, kai\ ai( u(po\ ta\s i)/sas gwni/as u(potei/nousai pleurai\ i)/sai a)llh/lais e)/sontai: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *)epi\ th=s au)th=s eu)qei/as du/o tai=s au)tai=s eu)qei/ais a)/llai du/o eu)qei=ai i)/sai e(kate/ra e(kate/ra| ou) sustaqh/sontai pro\s a)/llw| kai\ a)/llw| shmei/w| e)pi\ ta\ au)ta\ me/rh ta\ au)ta\ pe/rata e)/xousai tai=s e)c a)rxh=s eu)qei/ais. *ei) ga\r dunato/n, e)pi\ th=s au)th=s eu)qei/as th=s *a*b du/o tai=s au)tai=s eu)qei/ais tai=s *a*g, *g*b a)/llai du/o eu)qei=ai ai( *a*d, *d*b i)/sai e(kate/ra e(kate/ra| sunesta/twsan pro\s a)/llw| kai\ a)/llw| shmei/w| tw=| te *g kai\ *d e)pi\ ta\ au)ta\ me/rh ta\ au)ta\ pe/rata e)/xou- sai, w(/ste i)/shn ei)=nai th\n me\n *g*a th=| *d*a to\ au)to\ pe/ras e)/xousan au)th=| to\ *a, th\n de\ *g*b th=| *d*b to\ au)to\ pe/ras e)/xousan au)th=| to\ *b, kai\ e)pezeu/xqw h( *g*d. *)epei\ ou)=n i)/sh e)sti\n h( *a*g th=| *a*d, i)/sh e)sti\ kai\ gwni/a h( u(po\ *a*g*d th=| u(po\ *a*d*g: mei/zwn a)/ra h( u(po\ *a*d*g th=s u(po\ *d*g*b: pollw=| a)/ra h( u(po\ *g*d*b mei/zwn e)sti\ th=s u(po\ *d*g*b. pa/lin e)pei\ i)/sh e)sti\n h( *g*b th=| *d*b, i)/sh e)sti\ kai\ gwni/a h( u(po\ *g*d*b gwni/a| th=| u(po\ *d*g*b. e)dei/xqh de\ au)- th=s kai\ pollw=| mei/zwn: o(/per e)sti\n a)du/naton. *ou)k a)/ra e)pi\ th=s au)th=s eu)qei/as du/o tai=s au)tai=s eu)- qei/ais a)/llai du/o eu)qei=ai i)/sai e(kate/ra e(kate/ra| susta- qh/sontai pro\s a)/llw| kai\ a)/llw| shmei/w| e)pi\ ta\ au)ta\ me/rh ta\ au)ta\ pe/rata e)/xousai tai=s e)c a)rxh=s eu)qei/ais: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *)ea\n du/o tri/gwna ta\s du/o pleura\s [tai=s] du/o pleurai=s i)/sas e)/xh| e(kate/ran e(kate/ra, e)/xh| de\ kai\ th\n ba/sin th=| ba/sei i)/shn, kai\ th\n gwni/an th=| gwni/a| i)/shn e(/cei th\n u(po\ tw=n i)/swn eu)qeiw=n periexome/nhn. *)/estw du/o tri/gwna ta\ *a*b*g, *d*e*z ta\s du/o pleura\s ta\s *a*b, *a*g tai=s du/o pleurai=s tai=s *d*e, *d*z i)/sas e)/xon- ta e(kate/ran e(kate/ra|, th\n me\n *a*b th=| *d*e th\n de\ *a*g th=| *d*z: e)xe/tw de\ kai\ ba/sin th\n *b*g ba/sei th=| *e*z i)/shn: le/gw, o(/ti kai\ gwni/a h( u(po\ *b*a*g gwni/a| th=| u(po\ *e*d*z e)stin i)/sh. *)efarmozome/nou ga\r tou= *a*b*g trigw/nou e)pi\ to\ *d*e*z tri/gwnon kai\ tiqeme/nou tou= me\n *b shmei/ou e)pi\ to\ *e shmei=on th=s de\ *b*g eu)qei/as e)pi\ th\n *e*z e)farmo/sei kai\ to\ *g shmei=on e)pi\ to\ *z dia\ to\ i)/shn ei)=nai th\n *b*g th=| *e*z: e)farmosa/shs dh\ th=s *b*g e)pi\ th\n *e*z e)farmo/sousi kai\ ai( *b*a, *g*a e)pi\ ta\s *e*d, *d*z. ei) ga\r ba/sis me\n h( *b*g e)pi\ ba/sin th\n *e*z e)farmo/sei, ai( de\ *b*a, *a*g pleurai\ e)pi\ ta\s *e*d, *d*z ou)k e)farmo/sousin a)lla\ paralla/cou- sin w(s ai( *e*h, *h*z, sustaqh/sontai e)pi\ th=s au)th=s eu)qei/as du/o tai=s au)tai=s eu)qei/ais a)/llai du/o eu)qei=ai i)/sai e(kate/ra e(kate/ra| pro\s a)/llw| kai\ a)/llw| shmei/w| e)pi\ ta\ au)ta\ me/rh ta\ au)ta\ pe/rata e)/xousai. ou) suni/stantai de/: ou)k a)/ra e)farmozome/nhs th=s *b*g ba/sews e)pi\ th\n *e*z ba/sin ou)k e)farmo/sousi kai\ ai( *b*a, *a*g pleurai\ e)pi\ ta\s *e*d, *d*z. e)farmo/sousin a)/ra: w(/ste kai\ gwni/a h( u(po\ *b*a*g e)pi\ gwni/an th\n u(po\ *e*d*z e)farmo/sei kai\ i)/sh au)th=| e)/stai. *)ea\n a)/ra du/o tri/gwna ta\s du/o pleura\s [tai=s] du/o pleu- rai=s i)/sas e)/xh| e(kate/ran e(kate/ra| kai\ th\n ba/sin th=| ba/sei i)/shn e)/xh|, kai\ th\n gwni/an th=| gwni/a| i)/shn e(/cei th\n u(po\ tw=n i)/swn eu)qeiw=n periexome/nhn: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *th\n doqei=san gwni/an eu)qu/grammon di/xa temei=n. *)/estw h( doqei=sa gwni/a eu)qu/grammos h( u(po\ *b*a*g. dei= dh\ au)th\n di/xa temei=n. *ei)lh/fqw e)pi\ th=s *a*b tuxo\n shmei=on to\ *d, kai\ a)fh|rh/- sqw a)po\ th=s *a*g th=| *a*d i)/sh h( *a*e, kai\ e)pezeu/xqw h( *d*e, kai\ sunesta/tw e)pi\ th=s *d*e tri/gwnon i)so/pleuron to\ *d*e*z, kai\ e)pezeu/xqw h( *a*z: le/gw, o(/ti h( u(po\ *b*a*g gwni/a di/xa te/tmhtai u(po\ th=s *a*z eu)qei/as. *)epei\ ga\r i)/sh e)sti\n h( *a*d th=| *a*e, koinh\ de\ h( *a*z, du/o dh\ ai( *d*a, *a*z dusi\ tai=s *e*a, *a*z i)/sai ei)si\n e(kate/ra e(kate/ra|. kai\ ba/sis h( *d*z ba/sei th=| *e*z i)/sh e)sti/n: gwni/a a)/ra h( u(po\ *d*a*z gwni/a| th=| u(po\ *e*a*z i)/sh e)sti/n. *(h a)/ra doqei=sa gwni/a eu)qu/grammos h( u(po\ *b*a*g di/xa te/tmhtai u(po\ th=s *a*z eu)qei/as: o(/per e)/dei poih=sai. *th\n doqei=san eu)qei=an peperasme/nhn di/xa temei=n. *)/estw h( doqei=sa eu)qei=a peperasme/nh h( *a*b: dei= dh\ th\n *a*b eu)qei=an peperasme/nhn di/xa temei=n. *sunesta/tw e)p' au)th=s tri/gwnon i)so/- pleuron to\ *a*b*g, kai\ tetmh/sqw h( u(po\ *a*g*b gwni/a di/xa th=| *g*d eu)qei/a|: le/gw, o(/ti h( *a*b eu)qei=a di/xa te/tmhtai kata\ to\ *d shmei=on. *)epei\ ga\r i)/sh e)sti\n h( *a*g th=| *g*b, koinh\ de\ h( *g*d, du/o dh\ ai( *a*g, *g*d du/o tai=s *b*g, *g*d i)/sai ei)si\n e(kate/ra e(kate/ra|: kai\ gwni/a h( u(po\ *a*g*d gwni/a| th=| u(po\ *b*g*d i)/sh e)sti/n: ba/sis a)/ra h( *a*d ba/sei th=| *b*d i)/sh e)sti/n. *(h a)/ra doqei=sa eu)qei=a peperasme/nh h( *a*b di/xa te/- tmhtai kata\ to\ *d: o(/per e)/dei poih=sai. *th=| doqei/sh| eu)qei/a| a)po\ tou= pro\s au)th=| doqe/ntos sh- mei/ou pro\s o)rqa\s gwni/as eu)qei=an grammh\n a)gagei=n. *)/estw h( me\n doqei=sa eu)qei=a h( *a*b to\ de\ doqe\n shmei=on e)p' au)th=s to\ *g: dei= dh\ a)po\ tou= *g shmei/ou th=| *a*b eu)- qei/a| pro\s o)rqa\s gwni/as eu)qei=an grammh\n a)gagei=n. *ei)lh/fqw e)pi\ th=s *a*g tuxo\n shmei=on to\ *d, kai\ kei/sqw th=| *g*d i)/sh h( *g*e, kai\ sunesta/tw e)pi\ th=s *d*e tri/gwnon i)so/pleuron to\ *z*d*e, kai\ e)pezeu/xqw h( *z*g: le/gw, o(/ti th=| doqei/sh| eu)qei/a| th=| *a*b a)po\ tou= pro\s au)th=| doqe/ntos sh- mei/ou tou= *g pro\s o)rqa\s gw- ni/as eu)qei=a grammh\ h)=ktai h( *z*g. *)epei\ ga\r i)/sh e)sti\n h( *d*g th=| *g*e, koinh\ de\ h( *g*z, du/o dh\ ai( *d*g, *g*z dusi\ tai=s *e*g, *g*z i)/sai ei)si\n e(kate/ra e(kate/ra|: kai\ ba/sis h( *d*z ba/sei th=| *z*e i)/sh e)sti/n: gwni/a a)/ra h( u(po\ *d*g*z gwni/a| th=| u(po\ *e*g*z i)/sh e)sti/n: kai/ ei)sin e)fech=s. o(/tan de\ eu)qei=a e)p' eu)qei=an staqei=sa ta\s e)fech=s gwni/as i)/sas a)llh/lais poih=|, o)rqh\ e(kate/ra tw=n i)/swn gwniw=n e)stin: o)rqh\ a)/ra e)sti\n e(kate/ra tw=n u(po\ *d*g*z, *z*g*e. *th=| a)/ra doqei/sh| eu)qei/a| th=| *a*b a)po\ tou= pro\s au)th=| do- qe/ntos shmei/ou tou= *g pro\s o)rqa\s gwni/as eu)qei=a grammh\ h)=ktai h( *g*z: o(/per e)/dei poih=sai. *)epi\ th\n doqei=san eu)qei=an a)/peiron a)po\ tou= doqe/ntos shmei/ou, o(\ mh/ e)stin e)p' au)th=s, ka/qeton eu)qei=an gram- mh\n a)gagei=n. *)/estw h( me\n doqei=sa eu)qei=a a)/peiros h( *a*b to\ de\ do- qe\n shmei=on, o(\ mh/ e)stin e)p' au)th=s, to\ *g: dei= dh\ e)pi\ th\n doqei=san eu)qei=an a)/peiron th\n *a*b a)po\ tou= doqe/ntos shmei/ou tou= *g, o(\ mh/ e)stin e)p' au)th=s, ka/qeton eu)qei=an grammh\n a)gagei=n. *ei)lh/fqw ga\r e)pi\ ta\ e(/tera me/rh th=s *a*b eu)qei/as tu- xo\n shmei=on to\ *d, kai\ ke/ntrw| me\n tw=| *g diasth/mati de\ tw=| *g*d ku/klos gegra/fqw o( *e*z*h, kai\ tetmh/sqw h( *e*h eu)qei=a di/xa kata\ to\ *q, kai\ e)pezeu/xqwsan ai( *g*h, *g*q, *g*e eu)qei=ai: le/gw, o(/ti e)pi\ th\n doqei=san eu)qei=an a)/peiron th\n *a*b a)po\ tou= doqe/ntos shmei/ou tou= *g, o(\ mh/ e)stin e)p' au)th=s, ka/qetos h)=ktai h( *g*q. *)epei\ ga\r i)/sh e)sti\n h( *h*q th=| *q*e, koinh\ de\ h( *q*g, du/o dh\ ai( *h*q, *q*g du/o tai=s *e*q, *q*g i)/sai ei)si\n e(ka- te/ra e(kate/ra|: kai\ ba/sis h( *g*h ba/sei th=| *g*e e)stin i)/sh: gwni/a a)/ra h( u(po\ *g*q*h gwni/a| th=| u(po\ *e*q*g e)stin i)/sh. kai/ ei)sin e)fech=s. o(/tan de\ eu)qei=a e)p' eu)qei=an staqei=sa ta\s e)fech=s gwni/as i)/sas a)llh/lais poih=|, o)rqh\ e(kate/ra tw=n i)/swn gwniw=n e)stin, kai\ h( e)festhkui=a eu)qei=a ka/q- etos kalei=tai e)f' h(\n e)fe/sthken. *)epi\ th\n doqei=san a)/ra eu)qei=an a)/peiron th\n *a*b a)po\ tou= doqe/ntos shmei/ou tou= *g, o(\ mh/ e)stin e)p' au)th=s, ka/qetos h)=ktai h( *g*q: o(/per e)/dei poih=sai. *)ea\n eu)qei=a e)p' eu)qei=an staqei=sa gwni/as poih=|, h)/toi du/o o)rqa\s h)\ dusi\n o)rqai=s i)/sas poih/sei. *eu)qei=a ga/r tis h( *a*b e)p' eu)qei=an th\n *g*d staqei=sa gwni/as poiei/tw ta\s u(po\ *g*b*a, *a*b*d: le/gw, o(/ti ai( u(po\ *g*b*a, *a*b*d gwni/ai h)/toi du/o o)rqai/ ei)sin h)\ dusi\n o)rqai=s i)/sai. *ei) me\n ou)=n i)/sh e)sti\n h( u(po\ *g*b*a th=| u(po\ *a*b*d, du/o o)rqai/ ei)sin. ei) de\ ou)/, h)/xqw a)po\ tou= *b shmei/ou th=| *g*d [eu)qei/a|] pro\s o)rqa\s h( *b*e: ai( a)/ra u(po\ *g*b*e, *e*b*d du/o o)rqai/ ei)sin: kai\ e)pei\ h( u(po\ *g*b*e dusi\ tai=s u(po\ *g*b*a, *a*b*e i)/sh e)sti/n, koinh\ proskei/sqw h( u(po\ *e*b*d: ai( a)/ra u(po\ *g*b*e, *e*b*d trisi\ tai=s u(po\ *g*b*a, *a*b*e, *e*b*d i)/sai ei)si/n. pa/lin, e)pei\ h( u(po\ *d*b*a dusi\ tai=s u(po\ *d*b*e, *e*b*a i)/sh e)sti/n, koinh\ proskei/sqw h( u(po\ *a*b*g: ai( a)/ra u(po\ *d*b*a, *a*b*g trisi\ tai=s u(po\ *d*b*e, *e*b*a, *a*b*g i)/sai ei)si/n. e)dei/xqhsan de\ kai\ ai( u(po\ *g*b*e, *e*b*d trisi\ tai=s au)tai=s i)/sai: ta\ de\ tw=| au)tw=| i)/sa kai\ a)llh/lois e)sti\n i)/sa: kai\ ai( u(po\ *g*b*e, *e*b*d a)/ra tai=s u(po\ *d*b*a, *a*b*g i)/sai ei)si/n: a)lla\ ai( u(po\ *g*b*e, *e*b*d du/o o)rqai/ ei)sin: kai\ ai( u(po\ *d*b*a, *a*b*g a)/ra dusi\n o)rqai=s i)/sai ei)si/n. *)ea\n a)/ra eu)qei=a e)p' eu)qei=an staqei=sa gwni/as poih=|, h)/toi du/o o)rqa\s h)\ dusi\n o)rqai=s i)/sas poih/sei: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *)ea\n pro/s tini eu)qei/a| kai\ tw=| pro\s au)th=| shmei/w| du/o eu)qei=ai mh\ e)pi\ ta\ au)ta\ me/rh kei/menai ta\s e)fech=s gwni/as dusi\n o)rqai=s i)/sas poiw=sin, e)p' eu)qei/as e)/sontai a)llh/lais ai( eu)qei=ai. *pro\s ga/r tini eu)qei/a| th=| *a*b kai\ tw=| pro\s au)th=| sh- mei/w| tw=| *b du/o eu)qei=ai ai( *b*g, *b*d mh\ e)pi\ ta\ au)ta\ me/rh kei/menai ta\s e)fech=s gwni/as ta\s u(po\ *a*b*g, *a*b*d du/o o)rqai=s i)/sas poiei/tw- san: le/gw, o(/ti e)p' eu)qei/as e)sti\ th=| *g*b h( *b*d. *ei) ga\r mh/ e)sti th=| *b*g e)p' eu)qei/as h( *b*d, e)/stw th=| *g*b e)p' eu)qei/as h( *b*e. *)epei\ ou)=n eu)qei=a h( *a*b e)p' eu)qei=an th\n *g*b*e e)fe/sth- ken, ai( a)/ra u(po\ *a*b*g, *a*b*e gwni/ai du/o o)rqai=s i)/sai ei)si/n: ei)si\ de\ kai\ ai( u(po\ *a*b*g, *a*b*d du/o o)rqai=s i)/sai: ai( a)/ra u(po\ *g*b*a, *a*b*e tai=s u(po\ *g*b*a, *a*b*d i)/sai ei)si/n. koinh\ a)fh|rh/sqw h( u(po\ *g*b*a: loiph\ a)/ra h( u(po\ *a*b*e loiph=| th=| u(po\ *a*b*d e)stin i)/sh, h( e)la/sswn th=| mei/- zoni: o(/per e)sti\n a)du/naton. ou)k a)/ra e)p' eu)qei/as e)sti\n h( *b*e th=| *g*b. o(moi/ws dh\ dei/comen, o(/ti ou)de\ a)/llh tis plh\n th=s *b*d: e)p' eu)qei/as a)/ra e)sti\n h( *g*b th=| *b*d. *)ea\n a)/ra pro/s tini eu)qei/a| kai\ tw=| pro\s au)th=| shmei/w| du/o eu)qei=ai mh\ e)pi\ ta\ au)ta\ me/rh kei/menai ta\s e)fech=s gwni/as dusi\n o)rqai=s i)/sas poiw=sin, e)p' eu)qei/as e)/sontai a)llh/lais ai( eu)qei=ai: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *)ea\n du/o eu)qei=ai te/mnwsin a)llh/las, ta\s kata\ korufh\n gwni/as i)/sas a)llh/lais poiou=sin. *du/o ga\r eu)qei=ai ai( *a*b, *g*d temne/twsan a)llh/las kata\ to\ *e shmei=on: le/gw, o(/ti i)/sh e)sti\n h( me\n u(po\ *a*e*g gw- ni/a th=| u(po\ *d*e*b, h( de\ u(po\ *g*e*b th=| u(po\ *a*e*d. *)epei\ ga\r eu)qei=a h( *a*e e)p' eu)qei=an th\n *g*d e)fe/sthke gwni/as poiou=sa ta\s u(po\ *g*e*a, *a*e*d, ai( a)/ra u(po\ *g*e*a, *a*e*d gwni/ai dusi\n o)rqai=s i)/sai ei)si/n. pa/lin, e)pei\ eu)qei=a h( *d*e e)p' eu)qei=an th\n *a*b e)fe/sthke gw- ni/as poiou=sa ta\s u(po\ *a*e*d, *d*e*b, ai( a)/ra u(po\ *a*e*d, *d*e*b gwni/ai dusi\n o)rqai=s i)/sai ei)si/n. e)dei/xqhsan de\ kai\ ai( u(po\ *g*e*a, *a*e*d dusi\n o)rqai=s i)/sai: ai( a)/ra u(po\ *g*e*a, *a*e*d tai=s u(po\ *a*e*d, *d*e*b i)/sai ei)si/n. koinh\ a)fh|rh/sqw h( u(po\ *a*e*d: loiph\ a)/ra h( u(po\ *g*e*a loiph=| th=| u(po\ *b*e*d i)/sh e)sti/n: o(moi/ws dh\ deixqh/setai, o(/ti kai\ ai( u(po\ *g*e*b, *d*e*a i)/sai ei)si/n. *)ea\n a)/ra du/o eu)qei=ai te/mnwsin a)llh/las, ta\s kata\ ko- rufh\n gwni/as i)/sas a)llh/lais poiou=sin: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. [*po/risma *)ek dh\ tou/tou fanero\n o(/ti, e)a\n du/o eu)qei=ai te/mnwsin a)llh/las, ta\s pro\s th=| tomh=| gwni/as te/trasin o)rqai=s i)/sas poih/sousin.] *panto\s trigw/nou mia=s tw=n pleurw=n prosekblhqei/shs h( e)kto\s gwni/a e(kate/ras tw=n e)nto\s kai\ a)penanti/on gw- niw=n mei/zwn e)sti/n. *)/estw tri/gwnon to\ *a*b*g, kai\ prosekbeblh/sqw au)tou= mi/a pleura\ h( *b*g e)pi\ to\ *d: le/gw, o(/ti h( e)kto\s gwni/a h( u(po\ *a*g*d mei/zwn e)sti\n e(kate/ras tw=n e)nto\s kai\ a)penanti/on tw=n u(po\ *g*b*a, *b*a*g gwniw=n. *tetmh/sqw h( *a*g di/xa kata\ to\ *e, kai\ e)pizeuxqei=sa h( *b*e e)kbeblh/sqw e)p' eu)- qei/as e)pi\ to\ *z, kai\ kei/sqw th=| *b*e i)/sh h( *e*z, kai\ e)pezeu/xqw h( *z*g, kai\ dih/xqw h( *a*g e)pi\ to\ *h. *)epei\ ou)=n i)/sh e)sti\n h( me\n *a*e th=| *e*g, h( de\ *b*e th=| *e*z, du/o dh\ ai( *a*e, *e*b dusi\ tai=s *g*e, *e*z i)/sai ei)si\n e(kate/ra e(kate/ra|: kai\ gwni/a h( u(po\ *a*e*b gwni/a| th=| u(po\ *z*e*g i)/sh e)sti/n: kata\ korufh\n ga/r: ba/sis a)/ra h( *a*b ba/sei th=| *z*g i)/sh e)sti/n, kai\ to\ *a*b*e tri/gwnon tw=| *z*e*g trigw/nw| e)sti\n i)/son, kai\ ai( loipai\ gwni/ai tai=s loipai=s gwni/ais i)/sai ei)si\n e(kate/ra e(kate/ra|, u(f' a(\s ai( i)/sai pleurai\ u(po- tei/nousin: i)/sh a)/ra e)sti\n h( u(po\ *b*a*e th=| u(po\ *e*g*z. mei/- zwn de/ e)stin h( u(po\ *e*g*d th=s u(po\ *e*g*z: mei/zwn a)/ra h( u(po\ *a*g*d th=s u(po\ *b*a*e. o(moi/ws dh\ th=s *b*g tetmh- me/nhs di/xa deixqh/setai kai\ h( u(po\ *b*g*h, toute/stin h( u(po\ *a*g*d, mei/zwn kai\ th=s u(po\ *a*b*g. *panto\s a)/ra trigw/nou mia=s tw=n pleurw=n prosekblh- qei/shs h( e)kto\s gwni/a e(kate/ras tw=n e)nto\s kai\ a)penanti/on gwniw=n mei/zwn e)sti/n: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *panto\s trigw/nou ai( du/o gwni/ai du/o o)rqw=n e)la/ssone/s ei)si pa/nth| metalambano/menai. *)/estw tri/gwnon to\ *a*b*g: le/gw, o(/ti tou= *a*b*g trigw/- nou ai( du/o gwni/ai du/o o)rqw=n e)la/tto- ne/s ei)si pa/nth| metalambano/menai. *)ekbeblh/sqw ga\r h( *b*g e)pi\ to\ *d. *kai\ e)pei\ trigw/nou tou= *a*b*g e)kto/s e)sti gwni/a h( u(po\ *a*g*d, mei/zwn e)sti\ th=s e)nto\s kai\ a)penanti/on th=s u(po\ *a*b*g. koinh\ proskei/sqw h( u(po\ *a*g*b: ai( a)/ra u(po\ *a*g*d, *a*g*b tw=n u(po\ *a*b*g, *b*g*a mei/zone/s ei)sin. a)ll' ai( u(po\ *a*g*d, *a*g*b du/o o)rqai=s i)/sai ei)si/n: ai( a)/ra u(po\ *a*b*g, *b*g*a du/o o)rqw=n e)la/ssone/s ei)sin. o(moi/ws dh\ dei/comen, o(/ti kai\ ai( u(po\ *b*a*g, *a*g*b du/o o)rqw=n e)la/ssone/s ei)si kai\ e)/ti ai( u(po\ *g*a*b, *a*b*g. *panto\s a)/ra trigw/nou ai( du/o gwni/ai du/o o)rqw=n e)la/s- sone/s ei)si pa/nth| metalambano/menai: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *panto\s trigw/nou h( mei/zwn pleura\ th\n mei/zona gw- ni/an u(potei/nei. *)/estw ga\r tri/gwnon to\ *a*b*g mei/zona e)/xon th\n *a*g pleura\n th=s *a*b: le/gw, o(/ti kai\ gwni/a h( u(po\ *a*b*g mei/- zwn e)sti\ th=s u(po\ *b*g*a. *)epei\ ga\r mei/zwn e)sti\n h( *a*g th=s *a*b, kei/sqw th=| *a*b i)/sh h( *a*d, kai\ e)pezeu/xqw h( *b*d. *kai\ e)pei\ trigw/nou tou= *b*g*d e)kto/s e)sti gwni/a h( u(po\ *a*d*b, mei/zwn e)sti\ th=s e)nto\s kai\ a)penanti/on th=s u(po\ *d*g*b: i)/sh de\ h( u(po\ *a*d*b th=| u(po\ *a*b*d, e)pei\ kai\ pleura\ h( *a*b th=| *a*d e)stin i)/sh: mei/zwn a)/ra kai\ h( u(po\ *a*b*d th=s u(po\ *a*g*b: pollw=| a)/ra h( u(po\ *a*b*g mei/zwn e)sti\ th=s u(po\ *a*g*b. *panto\s a)/ra trigw/nou h( mei/zwn pleura\ th\n mei/zona gwni/an u(potei/nei: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *panto\s trigw/nou u(po\ th\n mei/zona gwni/an h( mei/zwn pleura\ u(potei/nei. *)/estw tri/gwnon to\ *a*b*g mei/zona e)/xon th\n u(po\ *a*b*g gwni/an th=s u(po\ *b*g*a: le/gw, o(/ti kai\ pleura\ h( *a*g pleura=s th=s *a*b mei/zwn e)sti/n. *ei) ga\r mh/, h)/toi i)/sh e)sti\n h( *a*g th=| *a*b h)\ e)la/sswn: i)/sh me\n ou)=n ou)k e)/stin h( *a*g th=| *a*b: i)/sh ga\r a)\n h)=n kai\ gwni/a h( u(po\ *a*b*g th=| u(po\ *a*g*b: ou)k e)/sti de/: ou)k a)/ra i)/sh e)sti\n h( *a*g th=| *a*b. ou)de\ mh\n e)la/sswn e)sti\n h( *a*g th=s *a*b: e)la/sswn ga\r a)\n h)=n kai\ gwni/a h( u(po\ *a*b*g th=s u(po\ *a*g*b: ou)k e)/sti de/: ou)k a)/ra e)la/sswn e)sti\n h( *a*g th=s *a*b. e)dei/xqh de/, o(/ti ou)de\ i)/sh e)sti/n. mei/zwn a)/ra e)sti\n h( *a*g th=s *a*b. *panto\s a)/ra trigw/nou u(po\ th\n mei/zona gwni/an h( mei/- zwn pleura\ u(potei/nei: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *panto\s trigw/nou ai( du/o pleurai\ th=s loiph=s mei/zone/s ei)si pa/nth| metalambano/menai. *)/estw ga\r tri/gwnon to\ *a*b*g: le/gw, o(/ti tou= *a*b*g trigw/nou ai( du/o pleurai\ th=s loiph=s mei/zone/s ei)si pa/nth| metalambano/menai, ai( me\n *b*a, *a*g th=s *b*g, ai( de\ *a*b, *b*g th=s *a*g, ai( de\ *b*g, *g*a th=s *a*b. *dih/xqw ga\r h( *b*a e)pi\ to\ *d shmei=on, kai\ kei/sqw th=| *g*a i)/sh h( *a*d, kai\ e)p- ezeu/xqw h( *d*g. *)epei\ ou)=n i)/sh e)sti\n h( *d*a th=| *a*g, i)/sh e)sti\ kai\ gwni/a h( u(po\ *a*d*g th=| u(po\ *a*g*d: mei/zwn a)/ra h( u(po\ *b*g*d th=s u(po\ *a*d*g: kai\ e)pei\ tri/gwno/n e)sti to\ *d*g*b mei/zona e)/xon th\n u(po\ *b*g*d gwni/an th=s u(po\ *b*d*g, u(po\ de\ th\n mei/zona gwni/an h( mei/- zwn pleura\ u(potei/nei, h( *d*b a)/ra th=s *b*g e)sti mei/zwn. i)/sh de\ h( *d*a th=| *a*g: mei/zones a)/ra ai( *b*a, *a*g th=s *b*g: o(moi/ws dh\ dei/comen, o(/ti kai\ ai( me\n *a*b, *b*g th=s *g*a mei/zone/s ei)sin, ai( de\ *b*g, *g*a th=s *a*b. *panto\s a)/ra trigw/nou ai( du/o pleurai\ th=s loiph=s mei/- zone/s ei)si pa/nth| metalambano/menai: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *)ea\n trigw/nou e)pi\ mia=s tw=n pleurw=n a)po\ tw=n pera/twn du/o eu)qei=ai e)nto\s sustaqw=sin, ai( sustaqei=sai tw=n loi- pw=n tou= trigw/nou du/o pleurw=n e)la/ttones me\n e)/sontai, mei/zona de\ gwni/an perie/cousin. *trigw/nou ga\r tou= *a*b*g e)pi\ mia=s tw=n pleurw=n th=s *b*g a)po\ tw=n pera/twn tw=n *b, *g du/o eu)qei=ai e)nto\s sun- esta/twsan ai( *b*d, *d*g: le/gw, o(/ti ai( *b*d, *d*g tw=n loi- pw=n tou= trigw/nou du/o pleurw=n tw=n *b*a, *a*g e)la/ssones me/n ei)sin, mei/zona de\ gwni/an perie/xousi th\n u(po\ *b*d*g th=s u(po\ *b*a*g. *dih/xqw ga\r h( *b*d e)pi\ to\ *e. kai\ e)pei\ panto\s trigw/nou ai( du/o pleurai\ th=s loiph=s mei/zone/s ei)sin, tou= *a*b*e a)/ra trigw/nou ai( du/o pleurai\ ai( *a*b, *a*e th=s *b*e mei/zone/s ei)sin: koinh\ proskei/sqw h( *e*g: ai( a)/ra *b*a, *a*g tw=n *b*e, *e*g mei/zone/s ei)sin. pa/lin, e)pei\ tou= *g*e*d trigw/nou ai( du/o pleurai\ ai( *g*e, *e*d th=s *g*d mei/zone/s ei)sin, koinh\ pros- kei/sqw h( *d*b: ai( *g*e, *e*b a)/ra tw=n *g*d, *d*b mei/zone/s ei)sin. a)lla\ tw=n *b*e, *e*g mei/zones e)dei/xqhsan ai( *b*a, *a*g: pollw=| a)/ra ai( *b*a, *a*g tw=n *b*d, *d*g mei/zone/s ei)sin. *pa/lin, e)pei\ panto\s trigw/nou h( e)kto\s gwni/a th=s e)nto\s kai\ a)penanti/on mei/zwn e)sti/n, tou= *g*d*e a)/ra trigw/nou h( e)kto\s gwni/a h( u(po\ *b*d*g mei/zwn e)sti\ th=s u(po\ *g*e*d. dia\ tau)ta\ toi/nun kai\ tou= *a*b*e trigw/nou h( e)kto\s gwni/a h( u(po\ *g*e*b mei/zwn e)sti\ th=s u(po\ *b*a*g. a)lla\ th=s u(po\ *g*e*b mei/zwn e)dei/xqh h( u(po\ *b*d*g: pollw=| a)/ra h( u(po\ *b*d*g mei/zwn e)sti\ th=s u(po\ *b*a*g. *)ea\n a)/ra trigw/nou e)pi\ mia=s tw=n pleurw=n a)po\ tw=n pe- ra/twn du/o eu)qei=ai e)nto\s sustaqw=sin, ai( sustaqei=sai tw=n loipw=n tou= trigw/nou du/o pleurw=n e)la/ttones me/n ei)sin, mei/zona de\ gwni/an perie/xousin: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *)ek triw=n eu)qeiw=n, ai(/ ei)sin i)/sai trisi\ tai=s doqei/sais [eu)qei/ais], tri/gwnon susth/sasqai: dei= de\ ta\s du/o th=s loiph=s mei/zonas ei)=nai pa/nth| metalambanome/nas [dia\ to\ kai\ panto\s trigw/nou ta\s du/o pleura\s th=s loiph=s mei/zo- nas ei)=nai pa/nth| metalambanome/nas]. *)/estwsan ai( doqei=sai trei=s eu)qei=ai ai( *a, *b, *g, w(=n ai( du/o th=s loiph=s mei/zones e)/stwsan pa/nth| metalambano/- menai, ai( me\n *a, *b th=s *g, ai( de\ *a, *g th=s *b, kai\ e)/ti ai( *b, *g th=s *a: dei= dh\ e)k tw=n i)/swn tai=s *a, *b, *g tri/gwnon susth/sasqai. *)ekkei/sqw tis eu)qei=a h( *d*e peperasme/nh me\n kata\ to\ *d a)/peiros de\ kata\ to\ *e, kai\ kei/sqw th=| me\n *a i)/sh h( *d*z, th=| de\ *b i)/sh h( *z*h, th=| de\ *g i)/sh h( *h*q: kai\ ke/ntrw| me\n tw=| *z, diasth/mati de\ tw=| *z*d ku/klos gegra/fqw o( *d*k*l: pa/lin ke/ntrw| me\n tw=| *h, diasth/mati de\ tw=| *h*q ku/klos gegra/fqw o( *k*l*q, kai\ e)pezeu/xqwsan ai( *k*z, *k*h: le/gw, o(/ti e)k triw=n eu)qeiw=n tw=n i)/swn tai=s *a, *b, *g tri/gwnon sune/statai to\ *k*z*h. *)epei\ ga\r to\ *z shmei=on ke/ntron e)sti\ tou= *d*k*l ku/- klou, i)/sh e)sti\n h( *z*d th=| *z*k: a)lla\ h( *z*d th=| *a e)stin i)/sh. kai\ h( *k*z a)/ra th=| *a e)stin i)/sh. pa/lin, e)pei\ to\ *h shmei=on ke/ntron e)sti\ tou= *l*k*q ku/klou, i)/sh e)sti\n h( *h*q th=| *h*k: a)lla\ h( *h*q th=| *g e)stin i)/sh: kai\ h( *k*h a)/ra th=| *g e)stin i)/sh. e)sti\ de\ kai\ h( *z*h th=| *b i)/sh: ai( trei=s a)/ra eu)qei=ai ai( *k*z, *z*h, *h*k trisi\ tai=s *a, *b, *g i)/sai ei)si/n. *)ek triw=n a)/ra eu)qeiw=n tw=n *k*z, *z*h, *h*k, ai(/ ei)sin i)/sai trisi\ tai=s doqei/sais eu)qei/ais tai=s *a, *b, *g, tri/gw- non sune/statai to\ *k*z*h: o(/per e)/dei poih=sai. *pro\s th=| doqei/sh| eu)qei/a| kai\ tw=| pro\s au)th=| shmei/w| th=| doqei/sh| gwni/a| eu)qugra/mmw| i)/shn gwni/an eu)qu/grammon susth/sasqai. *)/estw h( me\n doqei=sa eu)qei=a h( *a*b, to\ de\ pro\s au)th=| shmei=on to\ *a, h( de\ doqei=sa gwni/a eu)qu/grammos h( u(po\ *d*g*e: dei= dh\ pro\s th=| doqei/sh| eu)qei/a| th=| *a*b kai\ tw=| pro\s au)th=| shmei/w| tw=| *a th=| doqei/sh| gwni/a| eu)qugra/mmw| th=| u(po\ *d*g*e i)/shn gwni/an eu)qu/grammon susth/sasqai. *ei)lh/fqw e)f' e(kate/ras tw=n *g*d, *g*e tuxo/nta shmei=a ta\ *d, *e, kai\ e)pezeu/- xqw h( *d*e: kai\ e)k triw=n eu)qeiw=n, ai(/ ei)sin i)/sai trisi\ tai=s *g*d, *d*e, *g*e, tri/gwnon sun- esta/tw to\ *a*z*h, w(/ste i)/shn ei)=nai th\n me\n *g*d th=| *a*z, th\n de\ *g*e th=| *a*h, kai\ e)/ti th\n *d*e th=| *z*h. *)epei\ ou)=n du/o ai( *d*g, *g*e du/o tai=s *z*a, *a*h i)/sai ei)si\n e(kate/ra e(kate/ra|, kai\ ba/sis h( *d*e ba/sei th=| *z*h i)/sh, gwni/a a)/ra h( u(po\ *d*g*e gwni/a| th=| u(po\ *z*a*h e)stin i)/sh. *pro\s a)/ra th=| doqei/sh| eu)qei/a| th=| *a*b kai\ tw=| pro\s au)th=| shmei/w| tw=| *a th=| doqei/sh| gwni/a| eu)qugra/mmw| th=| u(po\ *d*g*e i)/sh gwni/a eu)qu/grammos sune/statai h( u(po\ *z*a*h: o(/per e)/dei poih=sai. *)ea\n du/o tri/gwna ta\s du/o pleura\s [tai=s] du/o pleurai=s i)/sas e)/xh| e(kate/ran e(kate/ra|, th\n de\ gwni/an th=s gwni/as mei/zona e)/xh| th\n u(po\ tw=n i)/swn eu)qeiw=n periexome/nhn, kai\ th\n ba/sin th=s ba/sews mei/zona e(/cei. *)/estw du/o tri/gwna ta\ *a*b*g, *d*e*z ta\s du/o pleura\s ta\s *a*b, *a*g tai=s du/o pleurai=s tai=s *d*e, *d*z i)/sas e)/xonta e(kate/ran e(kate/ra|, th\n me\n *a*b th=| *d*e th\n de\ *a*g th=| *d*z, h( de\ pro\s tw=| *a gwni/a th=s pro\s tw=| *d gwni/as mei/- zwn e)/stw: le/gw, o(/ti kai\ ba/sis h( *b*g ba/sews th=s *e*z mei/zwn e)sti/n. *)epei\ ga\r mei/zwn h( u(po\ *b*a*g gwni/a th=s u(po\ *e*d*z gwni/as, sunesta/tw pro\s th=| *d*e eu)qei/a| kai\ tw=| pro\s au)th=| shmei/w| tw=| *d th=| u(po\ *b*a*g gwni/a| i)/sh h( u(po\ *e*d*h, kai\ kei/sqw o(pote/ra| tw=n *a*g, *d*z i)/sh h( *d*h, kai\ e)pezeu/- xqwsan ai( *e*h, *z*h. *)epei\ ou)=n i)/sh e)sti\n h( me\n *a*b th=| *d*e, h( de\ *a*g th=| *d*h, du/o dh\ ai( *b*a, *a*g dusi\ tai=s *e*d, *d*h i)/sai ei)si\n e(ka- te/ra e(kate/ra|: kai\ gwni/a h( u(po\ *b*a*g gwni/a| th=| u(po\ *e*d*h i)/sh: ba/sis a)/ra h( *b*g ba/sei th=| *e*h e)stin i)/sh. pa/lin, e)pei\ i)/sh e)sti\n h( *d*z th=| *d*h, i)/sh e)sti\ kai\ h( u(po\ *d*h*z gwni/a th=| u(po\ *d*z*h: mei/zwn a)/ra h( u(po\ *d*z*h th=s u(po\ *e*h*z: pollw=| a)/ra mei/zwn e)sti\n h( u(po\ *e*z*h th=s u(po\ *e*h*z. kai\ e)pei\ tri/gwno/n e)sti to\ *e*z*h mei/zona e)/xon th\n u(po\ *e*z*h gwni/an th=s u(po\ *e*h*z, u(po\ de\ th\n mei/zona gwni/an h( mei/zwn pleura\ u(potei/nei, mei/zwn a)/ra kai\ pleura\ h( *e*h th=s *e*z. i)/sh de\ h( *e*h th=| *b*g: mei/zwn a)/ra kai\ h( *b*g th=s *e*z. *)ea\n a)/ra du/o tri/gwna ta\s du/o pleura\s dusi\ pleurai=s i)/sas e)/xh| e(kate/ran e(kate/ra|, th\n de\ gwni/an th=s gwni/as mei/zona e)/xh| th\n u(po\ tw=n i)/swn eu)qeiw=n periexome/nhn, kai\ th\n ba/sin th=s ba/sews mei/zona e(/cei: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *)ea\n du/o tri/gwna ta\s du/o pleura\s dusi\ pleurai=s i)/sas e)/xh| e(kate/ran e(kate/ra|, th\n de\ ba/sin th=s ba/sews mei/zona e)/xh|, kai\ th\n gwni/an th=s gwni/as mei/zona e(/cei th\n u(po\ tw=n i)/swn eu)qeiw=n periexome/nhn. *)/estw du/o tri/gwna ta\ *a*b*g, *d*e*z ta\s du/o pleura\s ta\s *a*b, *a*g tai=s du/o pleurai=s tai=s *d*e, *d*z i)/sas e)/xonta e(kate/ran e(kate/ra|, th\n me\n *a*b th=| *d*e, th\n de\ *a*g th=| *d*z: ba/sis de\ h( *b*g ba/sews th=s *e*z mei/zwn e)/stw: le/gw, o(/ti kai\ gwni/a h( u(po\ *b*a*g gwni/as th=s u(po\ *e*d*z mei/zwn e)sti/n: *ei) ga\r mh/, h)/toi i)/sh e)sti\n au)th=| h)\ e)la/sswn: i)/sh me\n ou)=n ou)k e)/stin h( u(po\ *b*a*g th=| u(po\ *e*d*z: i)/sh ga\r a)\n h)=n kai\ ba/sis h( *b*g ba/sei th=| *e*z: ou)k e)/sti de/. ou)k a)/ra i)/sh e)sti\ gwni/a h( u(po\ *b*a*g th=| u(po\ *e*d*z: ou)de\ mh\n e)la/sswn e)sti\n h( u(po\ *b*a*g th=s u(po\ *e*d*z: e)la/sswn ga\r a)\n h)=n kai\ ba/sis h( *b*g ba/sews th=s *e*z: ou)k e)/sti de/: ou)k a)/ra e)la/sswn e)sti\n h( u(po\ *b*a*g gwni/a th=s u(po\ *e*d*z. e)dei/xqh de\ o(/ti ou)de\ i)/sh: mei/zwn a)/ra e)sti\n h( u(po\ *b*a*g th=s u(po\ *e*d*z. *)ea\n a)/ra du/o tri/gwna ta\s du/o pleura\s dusi\ pleurai=s i)/sas e)/xh| e(kate/ran e(ka/tera|, th\n de\ ba/sin th=s ba/sews mei/zona e)/xh|, kai\ th\n gwni/an th=s gwni/as mei/zona e(/cei th\n u(po\ tw=n i)/swn eu)qeiw=n periexome/nhn: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *)ea\n du/o tri/gwna ta\s du/o gwni/as dusi\ gwni/ais i)/sas e)/xh| e(kate/ran e(kate/ra| kai\ mi/an pleura\n mia=| pleura=| i)/shn h)/toi th\n pro\s tai=s i)/sais gwni/ais h)\ th\n u(potei/nousan u(po\ mi/an tw=n i)/swn gwniw=n, kai\ ta\s loipa\s pleura\s tai=s loipai=s pleurai=s i)/sas e(/cei [e(kate/ran e(kate/ra|] kai\ th\n loiph\n gwni/an th=| loiph=| gwni/a|. *)/estw du/o tri/gwna ta\ *a*b*g, *d*e*z ta\s du/o gwni/as ta\s u(po\ *a*b*g, *b*g*a dusi\ tai=s u(po\ *d*e*z, *e*z*d i)/sas e)/xonta e(kate/ran e(kate/ra|, th\n me\n u(po\ *a*b*g th=| u(po\ *d*e*z, th\n de\ u(po\ *b*g*a th=| u(po\ *e*z*d: e)xe/tw de\ kai\ mi/an pleura\n mia=| pleura=| i)/shn, pro/teron th\n pro\s tai=s i)/sais gwni/ais th\n *b*g th=| *e*z: le/gw, o(/ti kai\ ta\s loipa\s pleura\s tai=s loipai=s pleurai=s i)/sas e(/cei e(kate/ran e(kate/ra|, th\n me\n *a*b th=| *d*e th\n de\ *a*g th=| *d*z, kai\ th\n loiph\n gwni/an th=| loiph=| gwni/a|, th\n u(po\ *b*a*g th=| u(po\ *e*d*z. *ei) ga\r a)/niso/s e)stin h( *a*b th=| *d*e, mi/a au)tw=n mei/zwn e)sti/n. e)/stw mei/zwn h( *a*b, kai\ kei/sqw th=| *d*e i)/sh h( *b*h, kai\ e)pezeu/xqw h( *h*g. *)epei\ ou)=n i)/sh e)sti\n h( me\n *b*h th=| *d*e, h( de\ *b*g th=| *e*z, du/o dh\ ai( *b*h, *b*g dusi\ tai=s *d*e, *e*z i)/sai ei)si\n e(kate/ra e(kate/ra|: kai\ gwni/a h( u(po\ *h*b*g gwni/a| th=| u(po\ *d*e*z i)/sh e)sti/n: ba/sis a)/ra h( *h*g ba/sei th=| *d*z i)/sh e)sti/n, kai\ to\ *h*b*g tri/gwnon tw=| *d*e*z trigw/nw| i)/son e)sti/n, kai\ ai( loi- pai\ gwni/ai tai=s loipai=s gwni/ais i)/sai e)/sontai, u(f' a(\s ai( i)/sai pleurai\ u(potei/nousin: i)/sh a)/ra h( u(po\ *h*g*b gwni/a th=| u(po\ *d*z*e. a)lla\ h( u(po\ *d*z*e th=| u(po\ *b*g*a u(po/keitai i)/sh: kai\ h( u(po\ *b*g*h a)/ra th=| u(po\ *b*g*a i)/sh e)sti/n, h( e)la/sswn th=| mei/zoni: o(/per a)du/naton. ou)k a)/ra a)/niso/s e)stin h( *a*b th=| *d*e. i)/sh a)/ra. e)/sti de\ kai\ h( *b*g th=| *e*z i)/sh: du/o dh\ ai( *a*b, *b*g dusi\ tai=s *d*e, *e*z i)/sai ei)si\n e(kate/ra e(kate/ra|: kai\ gwni/a h( u(po\ *a*b*g gwni/a| th=| u(po\ *d*e*z e)stin i)/sh: ba/sis a)/ra h( *a*g ba/sei th=| *d*z i)/sh e)sti/n, kai\ loiph\ gwni/a h( u(po\ *b*a*g th=| loiph=| gwni/a| th=| u(po\ *e*d*z i)/sh e)sti/n. *)alla\ dh\ pa/lin e)/stwsan ai( u(po\ ta\s i)/sas gwni/as pleu- rai\ u(potei/nousai i)/sai, w(s h( *a*b th=| *d*e: le/gw pa/lin, o(/ti kai\ ai( loipai\ pleurai\ tai=s loipai=s pleurai=s i)/sai e)/sontai, h( me\n *a*g th=| *d*z, h( de\ *b*g th=| *e*z kai\ e)/ti h( loiph\ gwni/a h( u(po\ *b*a*g th=| loiph=| gwni/a| th=| u(po\ *e*d*z i)/sh e)sti/n. *ei) ga\r a)/niso/s e)stin h( *b*g th=| *e*z, mi/a au)tw=n mei/zwn e)sti/n. e)/stw mei/zwn, ei) dunato/n, h( *b*g, kai\ kei/sqw th=| *e*z i)/sh h( *b*q, kai\ e)pezeu/xqw h( *a*q. kai\ e)pei\ i)/sh e)sti\n h( me\n *b*q th=| *e*z h( de\ *a*b th=| *d*e, du/o dh\ ai( *a*b, *b*q dusi\ tai=s *d*e, *e*z i)/sai ei)si\n e(kate/ra e(kate/ra|: kai\ gwni/as i)/sas perie/xousin: ba/sis a)/ra h( *a*q ba/sei th=| *d*z i)/sh e)sti/n, kai\ to\ *a*b*q tri/gwnon tw=| *d*e*z trigw/nw| i)/son e)sti/n, kai\ ai( loipai\ gwni/ai tai=s loipai=s gwni/ais i)/sai e)/sontai, u(f' a(\s ai( i)/sai pleurai\ u(potei/nousin: i)/sh a)/ra e)sti\n h( u(po\ *b*q*a gwni/a th=| u(po\ *e*z*d. a)lla\ h( u(po\ *e*z*d th=| u(po\ *b*g*a e)stin i)/sh: trigw/nou dh\ tou= *a*q*g h( e)kto\s gwni/a h( u(po\ *b*q*a i)/sh e)sti\ th=| e)nto\s kai\ a)penanti/on th=| u(po\ *b*g*a: o(/per a)du/naton. ou)k a)/ra a)/niso/s e)stin h( *b*g th=| *e*z: i)/sh a)/ra. e)sti\ de\ kai\ h( *a*b th=| *d*e i)/sh. du/o dh\ ai( *a*b, *b*g du/o tai=s *d*e, *e*z i)/sai ei)si\n e(kate/ra e(kate/ra|: kai\ gwni/as i)/sas perie/xousi: ba/sis a)/ra h( *a*g ba/sei th=| *d*z i)/sh e)sti/n, kai\ to\ *a*b*g tri/gwnon tw=| *d*e*z trigw/nw| i)/son kai\ loiph\ gwni/a h( u(po\ *b*a*g th=| loiph=| gwni/a| th=| u(po\ *e*d*z i)/sh. *)ea\n a)/ra du/o tri/gwna ta\s du/o gwni/as dusi\ gwni/ais i)/sas e)/xh| e(kate/ran e(kate/ra| kai\ mi/an pleura\n mia=| pleura=| i)/shn h)/toi th\n pro\s tai=s i)/sais gwni/ais, h)\ th\n u(potei/nousan u(po\ mi/an tw=n i)/swn gwniw=n, kai\ ta\s loipa\s pleura\s tai=s loipai=s pleurai=s i)/sas e(/cei kai\ th\n loiph\n gwni/an th=| loiph=| gwni/a|: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *)ea\n ei)s du/o eu)qei/as eu)qei=a e)mpi/ptousa ta\s e)nalla\c gwni/as i)/sas a)llh/lais poih=|, para/llhloi e)/sontai a)llh/lais ai( eu)qei=ai. *ei)s ga\r du/o eu)qei/as ta\s *a*b, *g*d eu)qei=a e)mpi/ptousa h( *e*z ta\s e)nalla\c gwni/as ta\s u(po\ *a*e*z, *e*z*d i)/sas a)llh/- lais poiei/tw: le/gw, o(/ti para/llhlo/s e)stin h( *a*b th=| *g*d. *ei) ga\r mh/, e)kballo/menai ai( *a*b, *g*d sumpesou=ntai h)/toi e)pi\ ta\ *b, *d me/rh h)\ e)pi\ ta\ *a, *g. e)kbeblh/sqwsan kai\ sumpipte/twsan e)pi\ ta\ *b, *d me/rh kata\ to\ *h. trigw/nou dh\ tou= *h*e*z h( e)kto\s gwni/a h( u(po\ *a*e*z i)/sh e)sti\ th=| e)nto\s kai\ a)penanti/on th=| u(po\ *e*z*h: o(/per e)sti\n a)du/naton: ou)k a)/ra ai( *a*b, *g*d e)kballo/menai sumpesou=ntai e)pi\ ta\ *b, *d me/rh. o(moi/ws dh\ deixqh/setai, o(/ti ou)de\ e)pi\ ta\ *a, *g: ai( de\ e)pi\ mhde/tera ta\ me/rh sumpi/ptousai para/llhloi/ ei)sin: para/llhlos a)/ra e)sti\n h( *a*b th=| *g*d. *)ea\n a)/ra ei)s du/o eu)qei/as eu)qei=a e)mpi/ptousa ta\s e)nalla\c gwni/as i)/sas a)llh/lais poih=|, para/llhloi e)/sontai ai( eu)qei=ai: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *)ea\n ei)s du/o eu)qei/as eu)qei=a e)mpi/ptousa th\n e)kto\s gw- ni/an th=| e)nto\s kai\ a)penanti/on kai\ e)pi\ ta\ au)ta\ me/rh i)/shn poih=| h)\ ta\s e)nto\s kai\ e)pi\ ta\ au)ta\ me/rh dusi\n o)rqai=s i)/sas, para/llhloi e)/sontai a)llh/lais ai( eu)qei=ai. *ei)s ga\r du/o eu)qei/as ta\s *a*b, *g*d eu)qei=a e)mpi/ptousa h( *e*z th\n e)kto\s gwni/an th\n u(po\ *e*h*b th=| e)nto\s kai\ a)penan- ti/on gwni/a| th=| u(po\ *h*q*d i)/shn poiei/tw h)\ ta\s e)nto\s kai\ e)pi\ ta\ au)ta\ me/rh ta\s u(po\ *b*h*q, *h*q*d dusi\n o)rqai=s i)/sas: le/gw, o(/ti para/llhlo/s e)stin h( *a*b th=| *g*d. *)epei\ ga\r i)/sh e)sti\n h( u(po\ *e*h*b th=| u(po\ *h*q*d, a)lla\ h( u(po\ *e*h*b th=| u(po\ *a*h*q e)stin i)/sh, kai\ h( u(po\ *a*h*q a)/ra th=| u(po\ *h*q*d e)stin i)/sh: kai/ ei)sin e)nalla/c: para/llhlos a)/ra e)sti\n h( *a*b th=| *g*d. *pa/lin, e)pei\ ai( u(po\ *b*h*q, *h*q*d du/o o)rqai=s i)/sai ei)si/n, ei)si\ de\ kai\ ai( u(po\ *a*h*q, *b*h*q du- si\n o)rqai=s i)/sai, ai( a)/ra u(po\ *a*h*q, *b*h*q tai=s u(po\ *b*h*q, *h*q*d i)/sai ei)si/n: koinh\ a)fh|rh/sqw h( u(po\ *b*h*q: loiph\ a)/ra h( u(po\ *a*h*q loiph=| th=| u(po\ *h*q*d e)stin i)/sh: kai/ ei)sin e)nalla/c: para/llhlos a)/ra e)sti\n h( *a*b th=| *g*d. *)ea\n a)/ra ei)s du/o eu)qei/as eu)qei=a e)mpi/ptousa th\n e)kto\s gwni/an th=| e)nto\s kai\ a)penanti/on kai\ e)pi\ ta\ au)ta\ me/rh i)/shn poih=| h)\ ta\s e)nto\s kai\ e)pi\ ta\ au)ta\ me/rh dusi\n o)rqai=s i)/sas, para/llhloi e)/sontai ai( eu)qei=ai: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *(h ei)s ta\s parallh/lous eu)qei/as eu)qei=a e)mpi/ptousa ta/s te e)nalla\c gwni/as i)/sas a)llh/lais poiei= kai\ th\n e)kto\s th=| e)nto\s kai\ a)penanti/on i)/shn kai\ ta\s e)nto\s kai\ e)pi\ ta\ au)ta\ me/rh dusi\n o)rqai=s i)/sas. *ei)s ga\r parallh/lous eu)qei/as ta\s *a*b, *g*d eu)qei=a e)mpipte/tw h( *e*z: le/gw, o(/ti ta\s e)nalla\c gwni/as ta\s u(po\ *a*h*q, *h*q*d i)/sas poiei= kai\ th\n e)kto\s gwni/an th\n u(po\ *e*h*b th=| e)nto\s kai\ a)penanti/on th=| u(po\ *h*q*d i)/shn kai\ ta\s e)nto\s kai\ e)pi\ ta\ au)ta\ me/rh ta\s u(po\ *b*h*q, *h*q*d dusi\n o)rqai=s i)/sas. *ei) ga\r a)/niso/s e)stin h( u(po\ *a*h*q th=| u(po\ *h*q*d, mi/a au)tw=n mei/zwn e)sti/n. e)/stw mei/zwn h( u(po\ *a*h*q: koinh\ proskei/sqw h( u(po\ *b*h*q: ai( a)/ra u(po\ *a*h*q, *b*h*q tw=n u(po\ *b*h*q, *h*q*d mei/zone/s ei)sin. a)lla\ ai( u(po\ *a*h*q, *b*h*q dusi\n o)rqai=s i)/sai ei)si/n. [kai\] ai( a)/ra u(po\ *b*h*q, *h*q*d du/o o)rqw=n e)la/ssone/s ei)sin. ai( de\ a)p' e)lasso/nwn h)\ du/o o)rqw=n e)kballo/menai ei)s a)/peiron sumpi/ptousin: ai( a)/ra *a*b, *g*d e)kballo/menai ei)s a)/peiron sumpesou=ntai: ou) sumpi/ptousi de\ dia\ to\ parallh/lous au)ta\s u(pokei=sqai: ou)k a)/ra a)/niso/s e)stin h( u(po\ *a*h*q th=| u(po\ *h*q*d: i)/sh a)/ra. a)lla\ h( u(po\ *a*h*q th=| u(po\ *e*h*b e)stin i)/sh: kai\ h( u(po\ *e*h*b a)/ra th=| u(po\ *h*q*d e)stin i)/sh. koinh\ proskei/sqw h( u(po\ *b*h*q: ai( a)/ra u(po\ *e*h*b, *b*h*q tai=s u(po\ *b*h*q, *h*q*d i)/sai ei)si/n. a)lla\ ai( u(po\ *e*h*b, *b*h*q du/o o)rqai=s i)/sai ei)si/n: kai\ ai( u(po\ *b*h*q, *h*q*d a)/ra du/o o)rqai=s i)/sai ei)si/n. *(h a)/ra ei)s ta\s parallh/lous eu)qei/as eu)qei=a e)mpi/ptousa ta/s te e)nalla\c gwni/as i)/sas a)llh/lais poiei= kai\ th\n e)kto\s th=| e)nto\s kai\ a)penanti/on i)/shn kai\ ta\s e)nto\s kai\ e)pi\ ta\ au)ta\ me/rh dusi\n o)rqai=s i)/sas: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *ai( th=| au)th=| eu)qei/a| para/llhloi kai\ a)llh/lais ei)si\ par- a/llhloi. *)/estw e(kate/ra tw=n *a*b, *g*d th=| *e*z para/llhlos: le/gw, o(/ti kai\ h( *a*b th=| *g*d e)sti para/llhlos. *)empipte/tw ga\r ei)s au)ta\s eu)qei=a h( *h*k. *kai\ e)pei\ ei)s parallh/lous eu)qei/as ta\s *a*b, *e*z eu)qei=a e)mpe/ptwken h( *h*k, i)/sh a)/ra h( u(po\ *a*h*k th=| u(po\ *h*q*z. pa/lin, e)pei\ ei)s parallh/lous eu)qei/as ta\s *e*z, *g*d eu)qei=a e)mpe/ptwken h( *h*k, i)/sh e)sti\n h( u(po\ *h*q*z th=| u(po\ *h*k*d. e)dei/xqh de\ kai\ h( u(po\ *a*h*k th=| u(po\ *h*q*z i)/sh. kai\ h( u(po\ *a*h*k a)/ra th=| u(po\ *h*k*d e)stin i)/sh: kai/ ei)sin e)nalla/c. para/llhlos a)/ra e)sti\n h( *a*b th=| *g*d. [*ai( a)/ra th=| au)th=| eu)qei/a| para/llhloi kai\ a)llh/lais ei)si\ para/llhloi:] o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *dia\ tou= doqe/ntos shmei/ou th=| doqei/sh| eu)qei/a| para/llh- lon eu)qei=an grammh\n a)gagei=n. *)/estw to\ me\n doqe\n shmei=on to\ *a, h( de\ doqei=sa eu)qei=a h( *b*g: dei= dh\ dia\ tou= *a shmei/ou th=| *b*g eu)qei/a| para/llhlon eu)qei=an gram- mh\n a)gagei=n. *ei)lh/fqw e)pi\ th=s *b*g tuxo\n shmei=on to\ *d, kai\ e)pezeu/xqw h( *a*d: kai\ sunesta/tw pro\s th=| *d*a eu)qei/a| kai\ tw=| pro\s au)th=| sh- mei/w| tw=| *a th=| u(po\ *a*d*g gwni/a| i)/sh h( u(po\ *d*a*e: kai\ e)kbeblh/sqw e)p' eu)qei/as th=| *e*a eu)qei=a h( *a*z. *kai\ e)pei\ ei)s du/o eu)qei/as ta\s *b*g, *e*z eu)qei=a e)mpi/ptousa h( *a*d ta\s e)nalla\c gwni/as ta\s u(po\ *e*a*d, *a*d*g i)/sas a)llh/- lais pepoi/hken, para/llhlos a)/ra e)sti\n h( *e*a*z th=| *b*g. *dia\ tou= doqe/ntos a)/ra shmei/ou tou= *a th=| doqei/sh| eu)qei/a| th=| *b*g para/llhlos eu)qei=a grammh\ h)=ktai h( *e*a*z: o(/per e)/dei poih=sai. *panto\s trigw/nou mia=s tw=n pleurw=n prosekblhqei/shs h( e)kto\s gwni/a dusi\ tai=s e)nto\s kai\ a)penanti/on i)/sh e)sti/n, kai\ ai( e)nto\s tou= trigw/nou trei=s gwni/ai dusi\n o)rqai=s i)/sai ei)si/n. *)/estw tri/gwnon to\ *a*b*g, kai\ prosekbeblh/sqw au)tou= mi/a pleura\ h( *b*g e)pi\ to\ *d: le/gw, o(/ti h( e)kto\s gwni/a h( u(po\ *a*g*d i)/sh e)sti\ dusi\ tai=s e)nto\s kai\ a)p- enanti/on tai=s u(po\ *g*a*b, *a*b*g, kai\ ai( e)n- to\s tou= trigw/nou trei=s gwni/ai ai( u(po\ *a*b*g, *b*g*a, *g*a*b dusi\n o)rqai=s i)/sai ei)si/n. *)/hxqw ga\r dia\ tou= *g shmei/ou th=| *a*b eu)qei/a| para/llhlos h( *g*e. *kai\ e)pei\ para/llhlo/s e)stin h( *a*b th=| *g*e, kai\ ei)s au)ta\s e)mpe/ptwken h( *a*g, ai( e)nalla\c gwni/ai ai( u(po\ *b*a*g, *a*g*e i)/sai a)llh/lais ei)si/n. pa/lin, e)pei\ para/llhlo/s e)stin h( *a*b th=| *g*e, kai\ ei)s au)ta\s e)mpe/ptwken eu)qei=a h( *b*d, h( e)kto\s gwni/a h( u(po\ *e*g*d i)/sh e)sti\ th=| e)nto\s kai\ a)penanti/on th=| u(po\ *a*b*g. e)dei/xqh de\ kai\ h( u(po\ *a*g*e th=| u(po\ *b*a*g i)/sh: o(/lh a)/ra h( u(po\ *a*g*d gwni/a i)/sh e)sti\ dusi\ tai=s e)nto\s kai\ a)penanti/on tai=s u(po\ *b*a*g, *a*b*g. *koinh\ proskei/sqw h( u(po\ *a*g*b: ai( a)/ra u(po\ *a*g*d, *a*g*b trisi\ tai=s u(po\ *a*b*g, *b*g*a, *g*a*b i)/sai ei)si/n. a)ll' ai( u(po\ *a*g*d, *a*g*b dusi\n o)rqai=s i)/sai ei)si/n: kai\ ai( u(po\ *a*g*b, *g*b*a, *g*a*b a)/ra dusi/n o)rqai=s i)/sai ei)si/n. *panto\s a)/ra trigw/nou mia=s tw=n pleurw=n prosekblhqei/- shs h( e)kto\s gwni/a dusi\ tai=s e)nto\s kai\ a)penanti/on i)/sh e)sti/n, kai\ ai( e)nto\s tou= trigw/nou trei=s gwni/ai dusi\n o)rqai=s i)/sai ei)si/n: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *ai( ta\s i)/sas te kai\ parallh/lous e)pi\ ta\ au)ta\ me/rh e)pi- zeugnu/ousai eu)qei=ai kai\ au)tai\ i)/sai te kai\ para/llhloi/ ei)sin. *)/estwsan i)/sai te kai\ para/llhloi ai( *a*b, *g*d, kai\ e)pizeugnu/twsan au)ta\s e)pi\ ta\ au)ta\ me/rh eu)qei=ai ai( *a*g, *b*d: le/gw, o(/ti kai\ ai( *a*g, *b*d i)/sai te kai\ para/llhloi/ ei)sin. *)epezeu/xqw h( *b*g. kai\ e)pei\ para/llhlo/s e)stin h( *a*b th=| *g*d, kai\ ei)s au)ta\s e)mpe/ptwken h( *b*g, ai( e)nalla\c gwni/ai ai( u(po\ *a*b*g, *b*g*d i)/sai a)llh/lais ei)si/n. kai\ e)pei\ i)/sh e)sti\n h( *a*b th=| *g*d koinh\ de\ h( *b*g, du/o dh\ ai( *a*b, *b*g du/o tai=s *b*g, *g*d i)/sai ei)si/n: kai\ gwni/a h( u(po\ *a*b*g gwni/a| th=| u(po\ *b*g*d i)/sh: ba/sis a)/ra h( *a*g ba/sei th=| *b*d e)stin i)/sh, kai\ to\ *a*b*g tri/gwnon tw=| *b*g*d trigw/nw| i)/son e)sti/n, kai\ ai( loipai\ gwni/ai tai=s loipai=s gwni/ais i)/sai e)/sontai e(kate/ra e(kate/ra|, u(f' a(\s ai( i)/sai pleurai\ u(potei/- nousin: i)/sh a)/ra h( u(po\ *a*g*b gwni/a th=| u(po\ *g*b*d. kai\ e)pei\ ei)s du/o eu)qei/as ta\s *a*g, *b*d eu)qei=a e)mpi/ptousa h( *b*g ta\s e)nalla\c gwni/as i)/sas a)llh/lais pepoi/hken, para/l- lhlos a)/ra e)sti\n h( *a*g th=| *b*d. e)dei/xqh de\ au)th=| kai\ i)/sh. *ai( a)/ra ta\s i)/sas te kai\ parallh/lous e)pi\ ta\ au)ta\ me/rh e)pizeugnu/ousai eu)qei=ai kai\ au)tai\ i)/sai te kai\ para/llhloi/ ei)sin: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *tw=n parallhlogra/mmwn xwri/wn ai( a)penanti/on pleu- rai/ te kai\ gwni/ai i)/sai a)llh/lais ei)si/n, kai\ h( dia/metros au)ta\ di/xa te/mnei. *)/estw parallhlo/grammon xwri/on to\ *a*g*d*b, dia/- metros de\ au)tou= h( *b*g: le/gw, o(/ti tou= *a*g*d*b parallh- logra/mmou ai( a)penanti/on pleurai/ te kai\ gwni/ai i)/sai a)llh/lais ei)si/n, kai\ h( *b*g dia/metros au)to\ di/xa te/mnei. *)epei\ ga\r para/llhlo/s e)stin h( *a*b th=| *g*d, kai\ ei)s au)ta\s e)mpe/ptwken eu)- qei=a h( *b*g, ai( e)nalla\c gwni/ai ai( u(po\ *a*b*g, *b*g*d i)/sai a)llh/lais ei)si/n. pa/lin, e)pei\ para/llhlo/s e)stin h( *a*g th=| *b*d, kai\ ei)s au)ta\s e)mpe/ptwken h( *b*g, ai( e)nalla\c gwni/ai ai( u(po\ *a*g*b, *g*b*d i)/sai a)llh/lais ei)si/n. du/o dh\ tri/gwna/ e)sti ta\ *a*b*g, *b*g*d ta\s du/o gwni/as ta\s u(po\ *a*b*g, *b*g*a dusi\ tai=s u(po\ *b*g*d, *g*b*d i)/sas e)/xonta e(kate/ran e(kate/ra| kai\ mi/an pleura\n mia=| pleura=| i)/shn th\n pro\s tai=s i)/sais gwni/ais koinh\n au)tw=n th\n *b*g: kai\ ta\s loipa\s a)/ra pleura\s tai=s loipai=s i)/sas e(/cei e(kate/ran e(ka- te/ra| kai\ th\n loiph\n gwni/an th=| loiph=| gwni/a|: i)/sh a)/ra h( me\n *a*b pleura\ th=| *g*d, h( de\ *a*g th=| *b*d, kai\ e)/ti i)/sh e)sti\n h( u(po\ *b*a*g gwni/a th=| u(po\ *g*d*b. kai\ e)pei\ i)/sh e)sti\n h( me\n u(po\ *a*b*g gwni/a th=| u(po\ *b*g*d, h( de\ u(po\ *g*b*d th=| u(po\ *a*g*b, o(/lh a)/ra h( u(po\ *a*b*d o(/lh| th=| u(po\ *a*g*d e)stin i)/sh. e)dei/xqh de\ kai\ h( u(po\ *b*a*g th=| u(po\ *g*d*b i)/sh. *tw=n a)/ra parallhlogra/mmwn xwri/wn ai( a)penanti/on pleurai/ te kai\ gwni/ai i)/sai a)llh/lais ei)si/n. *le/gw dh/, o(/ti kai\ h( dia/metros au)ta\ di/xa te/mnei. e)pei\ ga\r i)/sh e)sti\n h( *a*b th=| *g*d, koinh\ de\ h( *b*g, du/o dh\ ai( *a*b, *b*g dusi\ tai=s *g*d, *b*g i)/sai ei)si\n e(kate/ra e(kate/ra|: kai\ gwni/a h( u(po\ *a*b*g gwni/a| th=| u(po\ *b*g*d i)/sh. kai\ ba/sis a)/ra h( *a*g th=| *d*b i)/sh. kai\ to\ *a*b*g [a)/ra] tri/gwnon tw=| *b*g*d trigw/nw| i)/son e)sti/n. *(h a)/ra *b*g dia/metros di/xa te/mnei to\ *a*b*g*d parallh- lo/grammon: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *ta\ parallhlo/gramma ta\ e)pi\ th=s au)th=s ba/sews o)/nta kai\ e)n tai=s au)tai=s parallh/lois i)/sa a)llh/lois e)sti/n. *)/estw parallhlo/gramma ta\ *a*b*g*d, *e*b*g*z e)pi\ th=s au)th=s ba/sews th=s *b*g kai\ e)n tai=s au)tai=s parallh/lois tai=s *a*z, *b*g: le/gw, o(/ti i)/son e)sti\ to\ *a*b*g*d tw=| *e*b*g*z parallhlogra/mmw|. *)epei\ ga\r parallhlo/grammo/n e)sti to\ *a*b*g*d, i)/sh e)sti\n h( *a*d th=| *b*g. dia\ ta\ au)ta\ dh\ kai\ h( *e*z th=| *b*g e)stin i)/sh: w(/ste kai\ h( *a*d th=| *e*z e)stin i)/sh: kai\ koinh\ h( *d*e: o(/lh a)/ra h( *a*e o(/lh| th=| *d*z e)stin i)/sh. e)/sti de\ kai\ h( *a*b th=| *d*g i)/sh: du/o dh\ ai( *e*a, *a*b du/o tai=s *z*d, *d*g i)/sai ei)si\n e(kate/ra e(kate/ra|: kai\ gwni/a h( u(po\ *z*d*g gwni/a| th=| u(po\ *e*a*b e)stin i)/sh h( e)kto\s th=| e)nto/s: ba/sis a)/ra h( *e*b ba/sei th=| *z*g i)/sh e)sti/n, kai\ to\ *e*a*b tri/gwnon tw=| *d*z*g trigw/nw| i)/son e)/stai: koino\n a)fh|rh/sqw to\ *d*h*e: loipo\n a)/ra to\ *a*b*h*d trape/zion loipw=| tw=| *e*h*g*z trapezi/w| e)sti\n i)/son: koino\n proskei/sqw to\ *h*b*g tri/gwnon: o(/lon a)/ra to\ *a*b*g*d parallhlo/grammon o(/lw| tw=| *e*b*g*z paral- lhlogra/mmw| i)/son e)sti/n. *ta\ a)/ra parallhlo/gramma ta\ e)pi\ th=s au)th=s ba/sews o)/nta kai\ e)n tai=s au)tai=s parallh/lois i)/sa a)llh/lois e)sti/n: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *ta\ parallhlo/gramma ta\ e)pi\ i)/swn ba/sewn o)/nta kai\ e)n tai=s au)tai=s parallh/lois i)/sa a)llh/lois e)sti/n. *)/estw parallhlo/gramma ta\ *a*b*g*d, *e*z*h*q e)pi\ i)/swn ba/sewn o)/nta tw=n *b*g, *z*h kai\ e)n tai=s au)tai=s parallh/- lois tai=s *a*q, *b*h: le/gw, o(/ti i)/son e)sti\ to\ *a*b*g*d paral- lhlo/grammon tw=| *e*z*h*q. *)epezeu/xqwsan ga\r ai( *b*e, *g*q. kai\ e)pei\ i)/sh e)sti\n h( *b*g th=| *z*h, a)lla\ h( *z*h th=| *e*q e)stin i)/sh, kai\ h( *b*g a)/ra th=| *e*q e)stin i)/sh. ei)si\ de\ kai\ para/llhloi. kai\ e)pizeugnu/- ousin au)ta\s ai( *e*b, *q*g: ai( de\ ta\s i)/sas te kai\ parallh/- lous e)pi\ ta\ au)ta\ me/rh e)pizeugnu/ousai i)/sai te kai\ para/l- lhloi/ ei)si: [kai\ ai( *e*b, *q*g a)/ra i)/sai te/ ei)si kai\ para/l- lhloi]. parallhlo/grammon a)/ra e)sti\ to\ *e*b*g*q. kai/ e)stin i)/son tw=| *a*b*g*d: ba/sin te ga\r au)tw=| th\n au)th\n e)/xei th\n *b*g, kai\ e)n tai=s au)tai=s parallh/lois e)sti\n au)tw=| tai=s *b*g, *a*q. dia\ ta\ au)ta\ dh\ kai\ to\ *e*z*h*q tw=| au)tw=| tw=| *e*b*g*q e)stin i)/son: w(/ste kai\ to\ *a*b*g*d parallhlo/grammon tw=| *e*z*h*q e)stin i)/son. *ta\ a)/ra parallhlo/gramma ta\ e)pi\ i)/swn ba/sewn o)/nta kai\ e)n tai=s au)tai=s parallh/lois i)/sa a)llh/lois e)sti/n: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *ta\ tri/gwna ta\ e)pi\ th=s au)th=s ba/sews o)/nta kai\ e)n tai=s au)tai=s parallh/lois i)/sa a)llh/lois e)sti/n. *)/estw tri/gwna ta\ *a*b*g, *d*b*g e)pi\ th=s au)th=s ba/sews th=s *b*g kai\ e)n tai=s au)tai=s parallh/lois tai=s *a*d, *b*g: le/gw, o(/ti i)/son e)sti\ to\ *a*b*g tri/gwnon tw=| *d*b*g trigw/nw|. *)ekbeblh/sqw h( *a*d e)f' e(ka/tera ta\ me/rh e)pi\ ta\ *e, *z, kai\ dia\ me\n tou= *b th=| *g*a para/llhlos h)/xqw h( *b*e, dia\ de\ tou= *g th=| *b*d para/llhlos h)/xqw h( *g*z. parallhlo/- grammon a)/ra e)sti\n e(ka/teron tw=n *e*b*g*a, *d*b*g*z: kai/ ei)sin i)/sa: e)pi/ te ga\r th=s au)th=s ba/sew/s ei)si th=s *b*g kai\ e)n tai=s au)tai=s parallh/lois tai=s *b*g, *e*z: kai/ e)sti tou= me\n *e*b*g*a parallhlogra/mmou h(/misu to\ *a*b*g tri/gw- non: h( ga\r *a*b dia/metros au)to\ di/xa te/mnei: tou= de\ *d*b*g*z parallhlogra/mmou h(/misu to\ *d*b*g tri/gwnon: h( ga\r *d*g dia/metros au)to\ di/xa te/mnei. [ta\ de\ tw=n i)/swn h(mi/sh i)/sa a)llh/lois e)sti/n]. i)/son a)/ra e)sti\ to\ *a*b*g tri/gwnon tw=| *d*b*g trigw/nw|. *ta\ a)/ra tri/gwna ta\ e)pi\ th=s au)th=s ba/sews o)/nta kai\ e)n tai=s au)tai=s parallh/lois i)/sa a)llh/lois e)sti/n: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *ta\ tri/gwna ta\ e)pi\ i)/swn ba/sewn o)/nta kai\ e)n tai=s au)tai=s parallh/lois i)/sa a)llh/lois e)sti/n. *)/estw tri/gwna ta\ *a*b*g, *d*e*z e)pi\ i)/swn ba/sewn tw=n *b*g, *e*z kai\ e)n tai=s au)tai=s parallh/lois tai=s *b*z, *a*d: le/gw, o(/ti i)/son e)sti\ to\ *a*b*g tri/gwnon tw=| *d*e*z trigw/nw|. *)ekbeblh/sqw ga\r h( *a*d e)f' e(ka/tera ta\ me/rh e)pi\ ta\ *h, *q, kai\ dia\ me\n tou= *b th=| *g*a para/llhlos h)/xqw h( *b*h, dia\ de\ tou= *z th=| *d*e para/llhlos h)/xqw h( *z*q. parallh- lo/grammon a)/ra e)sti\n e(ka/teron tw=n *h*b*g*a, *d*e*z*q: kai\ i)/son to\ *h*b*g*a tw=| *d*e*z*q: e)pi/ te ga\r i)/swn ba/sew/n ei)si tw=n *b*g, *e*z kai\ e)n tai=s au)tai=s parallh/lois tai=s *b*z, *h*q: kai/ e)sti tou= me\n *h*b*g*a parallhlogra/mmou h(/misu to\ *a*b*g tri/gwnon. h( ga\r *a*b dia/metros au)to\ di/xa te/mnei: tou= de\ *d*e*z*q parallhlogra/mmou h(/misu to\ *z*e*d tri/gwnon: h( ga\r *d*z dia/metros au)to\ di/xa te/mnei: [ta\ de\ tw=n i)/swn h(mi/sh i)/sa a)llh/lois e)sti/n]. i)/son a)/ra e)sti\ to\ *a*b*g tri/gwnon tw=| *d*e*z trigw/nw|. *ta\ a)/ra tri/gwna ta\ e)pi\ i)/swn ba/sewn o)/nta kai\ e)n tai=s au)tai=s parallh/lois i)/sa a)llh/lois e)sti/n: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *ta\ i)/sa tri/gwna ta\ e)pi\ th=s au)th=s ba/sews o)/nta kai\ e)pi\ ta\ au)ta\ me/rh kai\ e)n tai=s au)tai=s parallh/lois e)sti/n. *)/estw i)/sa tri/gwna ta\ *a*b*g, *d*b*g e)pi\ th=s au)th=s ba/sews o)/nta kai\ e)pi\ ta\ au)ta\ me/rh th=s *b*g: le/gw, o(/ti kai\ e)n tai=s au)tai=s parallh/lois e)sti/n. *)epezeu/xqw ga\r h( *a*d: le/gw, o(/ti para/llhlo/s e)stin h( *a*d th=| *b*g. *ei) ga\r mh/, h)/xqw dia\ tou= *a shmei/ou th=| *b*g eu)qei/a| para/llhlos h( *a*e, kai\ e)pezeu/xqw h( *e*g. i)/son a)/ra e)sti\ to\ *a*b*g tri/gwnon tw=| *e*b*g trigw/nw|: e)pi/ te ga\r th=s au)th=s ba/sew/s e)stin au)tw=| th=s *b*g kai\ e)n tai=s au)tai=s parallh/lois. a)lla\ to\ *a*b*g tw=| *d*b*g e)stin i)/son: kai\ to\ *d*b*g a)/ra tw=| *e*b*g i)/son e)sti\ to\ mei=zon tw=| e)la/ssoni: o(/per e)sti\n a)du/naton: ou)k a)/ra para/llhlo/s e)stin h( *a*e th=| *b*g. o(moi/ws dh\ dei/comen, o(/ti ou)d' a)/llh tis plh\n th=s *a*d: h( *a*d a)/ra th=| *b*g e)sti para/llhlos. *ta\ a)/ra i)/sa tri/gwna ta\ e)pi\ th=s au)th=s ba/sews o)/nta kai\ e)pi\ ta\ au)ta\ me/rh kai\ e)n tai=s au)tai=s parallh/lois e)sti/n: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *ta\ i)/sa tri/gwna ta\ e)pi\ i)/swn ba/sewn o)/nta kai\ e)pi\ ta\ au)ta\ me/rh kai\ e)n tai=s au)tai=s parallh/lois e)sti/n. *)/estw i)/sa tri/gwna ta\ *a*b*g, *g*d*e e)pi\ i)/swn ba/sewn tw=n *b*g, *g*e kai\ e)pi\ ta\ au)ta\ me/rh. le/gw, o(/ti kai\ e)n tai=s au)- tai=s parallh/lois e)sti/n. *)epezeu/xqw ga\r h( *a*d: le/gw, o(/ti para/llhlo/s e)stin h( *a*d th=| *b*e. *ei) ga\r mh/, h)/xqw dia\ tou= *a th=| *b*e para/llhlos h( *a*z, kai\ e)pezeu/xqw h( *z*e. i)/son a)/ra e)sti\ to\ *a*b*g tri/gwnon tw=| *z*g*e trigw/nw|: e)pi/ te ga\r i)/swn ba/sew/n ei)si tw=n *b*g, *g*e kai\ e)n tai=s au)tai=s parallh/lois tai=s *b*e, *a*z. a)lla\ to\ *a*b*g tri/gwnon i)/son e)sti\ tw=| *d*g*e [trigw/nw|]: kai\ to\ *d*g*e a)/ra [tri/gwnon] i)/son e)sti\ tw=| *z*g*e trigw/nw| to\ mei=- zon tw=| e)la/ssoni: o(/per e)sti\n a)du/naton: ou)k a)/ra para/llh- los h( *a*z th=| *b*e. o(moi/ws dh\ dei/comen, o(/ti ou)d' a)/llh tis plh\n th=s *a*d: h( *a*d a)/ra th=| *b*e e)sti para/llhlos. *ta\ a)/ra i)/sa tri/gwna ta\ e)pi\ i)/swn ba/sewn o)/nta kai\ e)pi\ ta\ au)ta\ me/rh kai\ e)n tai=s au)tai=s parallh/lois e)sti/n: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *)ea\n parallhlo/grammon trigw/nw| ba/sin te e)/xh| th\n au)th\n kai\ e)n tai=s au)tai=s parallh/lois h)=|, dipla/sio/n e)sti to\ par- allhlo/grammon tou= trigw/nou. *parallhlo/grammon ga\r to\ *a*b*g*d trigw/nw| tw=| *e*b*g ba/sin te e)xe/tw th\n au)th\n th\n *b*g kai\ e)n tai=s au)tai=s parallh/lois e)/stw tai=s *b*g, *a*e: le/gw, o(/ti dipla/sio/n e)sti to\ *a*b*g*d parallhlo/grammon tou= *b*e*g trigw/nou. *)epezeu/xqw ga\r h( *a*g. i)/son dh/ e)sti to\ *a*b*g tri/gwnon tw=| *e*b*g trigw/nw|: e)pi/ te ga\r th=s au)th=s ba/sew/s e)stin au)tw=| th=s *b*g kai\ e)n tai=s au)tai=s parallh/lois tai=s *b*g, *a*e. a)lla\ to\ *a*b*g*d parallhlo/grammon dipla/- sio/n e)sti tou= *a*b*g trigw/nou: h( ga\r *a*g dia/metros au)to\ di/xa te/mnei: w(/ste to\ *a*b*g*d parallhlo/grammon kai\ tou= *e*b*g trigw/nou e)sti\ dipla/sion. *)ea\n a)/ra parallhlo/grammon trigw/nw| ba/sin te e)/xh| th\n au)th\n kai\ e)n tai=s au)tai=s parallh/lois h)=|, dipla/sio/n e)sti to\ parallhlo/grammon tou= trigw/nou: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *tw=| doqe/nti trigw/nw| i)/son parallhlo/grammon susth/- sasqai e)n th=| doqei/sh| gwni/a| eu)qugra/mmw|. *)/estw to\ me\n doqe\n tri/gwnon to\ *a*b*g, h( de\ doqei=sa gwni/a eu)qu/grammos h( *d: dei= dh\ tw=| *a*b*g trigw/nw| i)/son parallhlo/grammon susth/sasqai e)n th=| *d gwni/a| eu)qu- gra/mmw|. *tetmh/sqw h( *b*g di/xa kata\ to\ *e, kai\ e)pezeu/xqw h( *a*e, kai\ sunesta/tw pro\s th=| *e*g eu)qei/a| kai\ tw=| pro\s au)th=| shmei/w| tw=| *e th=| *d gwni/a| i)/sh h( u(po\ *g*e*z, kai\ dia\ me\n tou= *a th=| *e*g para/llhlos h)/xqw h( *a*h, dia\ de\ tou= *g th=| *e*z para/llhlos h)/xqw h( *g*h: parallhlo/grammon a)/ra e)sti\ to\ *z*e*g*h. kai\ e)pei\ i)/sh e)sti\n h( *b*e th=| *e*g, i)/son e)sti\ kai\ to\ *a*b*e tri/gwnon tw=| *a*e*g trigw/nw|: e)pi/ te ga\r i)/swn ba/sew/n ei)si tw=n *b*e, *e*g kai\ e)n tai=s au)- tai=s parallh/lois tai=s *b*g, *a*h: dipla/sion a)/ra e)sti\ to\ *a*b*g tri/gwnon tou= *a*e*g trigw/nou. e)/sti de\ kai\ to\ *z*e*g*h parallhlo/grammon dipla/sion tou= *a*e*g trigw/nou: ba/sin te ga\r au)tw=| th\n au)th\n e)/xei kai\ e)n tai=s au)tai=s e)stin au)tw=| parallh/lois: i)/son a)/ra e)sti\ to\ *z*e*g*h parallhlo/gram- mon tw=| *a*b*g trigw/nw|. kai\ e)/xei th\n u(po\ *g*e*z gwni/an i)/shn th=| doqei/sh| th=| *d. *tw=| a)/ra doqe/nti trigw/nw| tw=| *a*b*g i)/son parallhlo/- grammon sune/statai to\ *z*e*g*h e)n gwni/a| th=| u(po\ *g*e*z, h(/tis e)sti\n i)/sh th=| *d: o(/per e)/dei poih=sai. *panto\s parallhlogra/mmou tw=n peri\ th\n dia/metron parallhlogra/mmwn ta\ paraplhrw/mata i)/sa a)llh/lois e)sti/n. *)/estw parallhlo/grammon to\ *a*b*g*d, dia/metros de\ au)- tou= h( *a*g, peri\ de\ th\n *a*g parallhlo/gramma me\n e)/stw ta\ *z*q, *z*h, ta\ de\ lego/mena paraplhrw/- mata ta\ *b*k, *k*d: le/gw, o(/ti i)/son e)sti\ to\ *b*k paraplh/rwma tw=| *k*d para- plhrw/mati. *)epei\ ga\r parallhlo/grammo/n e)sti to\ *a*b*g*d, dia/metros de\ au)tou= h( *a*g, i)/son e)sti\ to\ *a*b*g tri/gwnon tw=| *a*g*d trigw/nw|. pa/lin, e)pei\ parallhlo/grammo/n e)sti to\ *e*q, dia/metros de\ au)tou= e)stin h( *a*k, i)/son e)sti\ to\ *a*e*k tri/gwnon tw=| *a*q*k trigw/nw|. dia\ ta\ au)ta\ dh\ kai\ to\ *k*z*g tri/gwnon tw=| *k*h*g e)stin i)/son. e)pei\ ou)=n to\ me\n *a*e*k tri/gwnon tw=| *a*q*k trigw/nw| e)sti\n i)/son, to\ de\ *k*z*g tw=| *k*h*g, to\ *a*e*k tri/gwnon meta\ tou= *k*h*g i)/son e)sti\ tw=| *a*q*k trigw/nw| meta\ tou= *k*z*g: e)/sti de\ kai\ o(/lon to\ *a*b*g tri/gwnon o(/lw| tw=| *a*d*g i)/son: loipo\n a)/ra to\ *b*k paraplh/rwma loipw=| tw=| *k*d paraplhrw/mati/ e)stin i)/son. *panto\s a)/ra parallhlogra/mmou xwri/ou tw=n peri\ th\n dia/metron parallhlogra/mmwn ta\ paraplhrw/mata i)/sa a)llh/lois e)sti/n: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *para\ th\n doqei=san eu)qei=an tw=| doqe/nti trigw/nw| i)/son parallhlo/grammon parabalei=n e)n th=| doqei/sh| gwni/a| eu)qugra/mmw|. *)/estw h( me\n doqei=sa eu)qei=a h( *a*b, to\ de\ doqe\n tri/gw- non to\ *g, h( de\ doqei=sa gwni/a eu)qu/- grammos h( *d: dei= dh\ para\ th\n doqei=san eu)qei=an th\n *a*b tw=| doqe/nti trigw/nw| tw=| *g i)/son parallhlo/grammon paraba- lei=n e)n i)/sh| th=| *d gwni/a|. *sunesta/tw tw=| *g trigw/nw| i)/son paral- lhlo/grammon to\ *b*e*z*h e)n gwni/a| th=| u(po\ *e*b*h, h(/ e)stin i)/sh th=| *d: kai\ kei/sqw w(/ste e)p' eu)qei/as ei)=nai th\n *b*e th=| *a*b, kai\ dih/xqw h( *z*h e)pi\ to\ *q, kai\ dia\ tou= *a o(pote/ra| tw=n *b*h, *e*z para/llhlos h)/xqw h( *a*q, kai\ e)pezeu/xqw h( *q*b. kai\ e)pei\ ei)s parallh/lous ta\s *a*q, *e*z eu)qei=a e)ne/pesen h( *q*z, ai( a)/ra u(po\ *a*q*z, *q*z*e gwni/ai dusi\n o)rqai=s ei)sin i)/sai. ai( a)/ra u(po\ *b*q*h, *h*z*e du/o o)rqw=n e)la/ssone/s ei)sin: ai( de\ a)po\ e)lasso/nwn h)\ du/o o)rqw=n ei)s a)/peiron e)kballo/menai sumpi/ptousin: ai( *q*b, *z*e a)/ra e)kballo/menai sumpesou=ntai. e)kbeblh/- sqwsan kai\ sumpipte/twsan kata\ to\ *k, kai\ dia\ tou= *k shmei/ou o(pote/ra| tw=n *e*a, *z*q para/llhlos h)/xqw h( *k*l, kai\ e)kbeblh/sqwsan ai( *q*a, *h*b e)pi\ ta\ *l, *m sh- mei=a. parallhlo/grammon a)/ra e)sti\ to\ *q*l*k*z, dia/metros de\ au)tou= h( *q*k, peri\ de\ th\n *q*k parallhlo/gramma me\n ta\ *a*h, *m*e, ta\ de\ lego/mena paraplhrw/mata ta\ *l*b, *b*z: i)/son a)/ra e)sti\ to\ *l*b tw=| *b*z. a)lla\ to\ *b*z tw=| *g trigw/nw| e)sti\n i)/son: kai\ to\ *l*b a)/ra tw=| *g e)stin i)/son. kai\ e)pei\ i)/sh e)sti\n h( u(po\ *h*b*e gwni/a th=| u(po\ *a*b*m, a)lla\ h( u(po\ *h*b*e th=| *d e)stin i)/sh, kai\ h( u(po\ *a*b*m a)/ra th=| *d gwni/a| e)sti\n i)/sh. *para\ th\n doqei=san a)/ra eu)qei=an th\n *a*b tw=| doqe/nti trigw/- nw| tw=| *g i)/son parallhlo/grammon parabe/blhtai to\ *l*b e)n gwni/a| th=| u(po\ *a*b*m, h(/ e)stin i)/sh th=| *d: o(/per e)/dei poih=sai. *tw=| doqe/nti eu)qugra/mmw| i)/son parallhlo/grammon susth/sasqai e)n th=| doqei/sh| gwni/a| eu)qugra/mmw|. *)/estw to\ me\n doqe\n eu)qu/grammon to\ *a*b*g*d, h( de\ doqei=sa gwni/a eu)qu/grammos h( *e: dei= dh\ tw=| *a*b*g*d eu)qugra/mmw| i)/son parallhlo/grammon susth/sasqai e)n th=| do- qei/sh| gwni/a| th=| *e. *)epezeu/xqw h( *d*b, kai\ sunesta/tw tw=| *a*b*d trigw/nw| i)/son parallhlo/grammon to\ *z*q e)n th=| u(po\ *q*k*z gwni/a|, h(/ e)stin i)/sh th=| *e: kai\ parabeblh/sqw para\ th\n *h*q eu)qei=an tw=| *d*b*g trigw/nw| i)/son parallhlo/- grammon to\ *h*m e)n th=| u(po\ *h*q*m gwni/a|, h(/ e)stin i)/sh th=| *e. kai\ e)pei\ h( *e gwni/a e(kate/ra| tw=n u(po\ *q*k*z, *h*q*m e)stin i)/sh, kai\ h( u(po\ *q*k*z a)/ra th=| u(po\ *h*q*m e)stin i)/sh. koinh\ proskei/- sqw h( u(po\ *k*q*h: ai( a)/ra u(po\ *z*k*q, *k*q*h tai=s u(po\ *k*q*h, *h*q*m i)/sai ei)si/n. a)ll' ai( u(po\ *z*k*q, *k*q*h dusi\n o)rqai=s i)/sai ei)si/n: kai\ ai( u(po\ *k*q*h, *h*q*m a)/ra du/o o)rqai=s i)/sai ei)si/n. pro\s dh/ tini eu)qei/a| th=| *h*q kai\ tw=| pro\s au)th=| shmei/w| tw=| *q du/o eu)qei=ai ai( *k*q, *q*m mh\ e)pi\ ta\ au)ta\ me/rh kei/me- nai ta\s e)fech=s gwni/as du/o o)rqai=s i)/sas poiou=sin: e)p' eu)qei/as a)/ra e)sti\n h( *k*q th=| *q*m: kai\ e)pei\ ei)s parallh/lous ta\s *k*m, *z*h eu)qei=a e)ne/pesen h( *q*h, ai( e)nalla\c gwni/ai ai( u(po\ *m*q*h, *q*h*z i)/sai a)llh/lais ei)si/n. koinh\ proskei/- sqw h( u(po\ *q*h*l: ai( a)/ra u(po\ *m*q*h, *q*h*l tai=s u(po\ *q*h*z, *q*h*l i)/sai ei)si/n. a)ll' ai( u(po\ *m*q*h, *q*h*l du/o o)rqai=s i)/sai ei)si/n: kai\ ai( u(po\ *q*h*z, *q*h*l a)/ra du/o o)rqai=s i)/sai ei)si/n: e)p' eu)qei/as a)/ra e)sti\n h( *z*h th=| *h*l. kai\ e)pei\ h( *z*k th=| *q*h i)/sh te kai\ para/llhlo/s e)stin, a)lla\ kai\ h( *q*h th=| *m*l, kai\ h( *k*z a)/ra th=| *m*l i)/sh te kai\ para/llh- lo/s e)stin: kai\ e)pizeugnu/ousin au)ta\s eu)qei=ai ai( *k*m, *z*l: kai\ ai( *k*m, *z*l a)/ra i)/sai te kai\ para/llhloi/ ei)sin: paral- lhlo/grammon a)/ra e)sti\ to\ *k*z*l*m. kai\ e)pei\ i)/son e)sti\ to\ me\n *a*b*d tri/gwnon tw=| *z*q parallhlogra/mmw|, to\ de\ *d*b*g tw=| *h*m, o(/lon a)/ra to\ *a*b*g*d eu)qu/grammon o(/lw| tw=| *k*z*l*m parallhlogra/mmw| e)sti\n i)/son. *tw=| a)/ra doqe/nti eu)qugra/mmw| tw=| *a*b*g*d i)/son parallh- lo/grammon sune/statai to\ *k*z*l*m e)n gwni/a| th=| u(po\ *z*k*m, h(/ e)stin i)/sh th=| doqei/sh| th=| *e: o(/per e)/dei poih=sai. *)apo\ th=s doqei/shs eu)qei/as tetra/gwnon a)nagra/yai. *)/estw h( doqei=sa eu)qei=a h( *a*b: dei= dh\ a)po\ th=s *a*b eu)- qei/as tetra/gwnon a)nagra/yai. *)/hxqw th=| *a*b eu)qei/a| a)po\ tou= pro\s au)th=| shmei/ou tou= *a pro\s o)rqa\s h( *a*g, kai\ kei/sqw th=| *a*b i)/sh h( *a*d: kai\ dia\ me\n tou= *d shmei/ou th=| *a*b para/llhlos h)/xqw h( *d*e, dia\ de\ tou= *b shmei/ou th=| *a*d para/llhlos h)/xqw h( *b*e. *parallhlo/grammon a)/ra e)sti\ to\ *a*d*e*b: i)/sh a)/ra e)sti\n h( me\n *a*b th=| *d*e, h( de\ *a*d th=| *b*e. a)lla\ h( *a*b th=| *a*d e)stin i)/sh: ai( te/ssares a)/ra ai( *b*a, *a*d, *d*e, *e*b i)/sai a)llh/lais ei)si/n: i)so/pleuron a)/ra e)sti\ to\ *a*d*e*b parallhlo/grammon. le/gw dh/, o(/ti kai\ o)rqogw/nion. e)pei\ ga\r ei)s parallh/lous ta\s *a*b, *d*e eu)qei=a e)ne/pesen h( *a*d, ai( a)/ra u(po\ *b*a*d, *a*d*e gwni/ai du/o o)rqai=s i)/sai ei)si/n. o)rqh\ de\ h( u(po\ *b*a*d: o)rqh\ a)/ra kai\ h( u(po\ *a*d*e. tw=n de\ parallhlogra/mmwn xwri/wn ai( a)penanti/on pleurai/ te kai\ gwni/ai i)/sai a)llh/lais ei)si/n: o)rqh\ a)/ra kai\ e(kate/ra tw=n a)penanti/on tw=n u(po\ *a*b*e, *b*e*d gwniw=n: o)rqogw/nion a)/ra e)sti\ to\ *a*d*e*b. e)dei/xqh de\ kai\ i)so/pleuron. *tetra/gwnon a)/ra e)sti/n: kai/ e)stin a)po\ th=s *a*b eu)qei/as a)nagegramme/non: o(/per e)/dei poih=sai. *)en toi=s o)rqogwni/ois trigw/nois to\ a)po\ th=s th\n o)rqh\n gwni/an u(poteinou/shs pleura=s tetra/gwnon i)/son e)sti\ toi=s a)po\ tw=n th\n o)rqh\n gwni/an periexousw=n pleurw=n tetra- gw/nois. *)/estw tri/gwnon o)rqogw/nion to\ *a*b*g o)rqh\n e)/xon th\n u(po\ *b*a*g gwni/an: le/gw, o(/ti to\ a)po\ th=s *b*g tetra/gwnon i)/son e)sti\ toi=s a)po\ tw=n *b*a, *a*g tetragw/nois. *)anagegra/fqw ga\r a)po\ me\n th=s *b*g tetra/gwnon to\ *b*d*e*g, a)po\ de\ tw=n *b*a, *a*g ta\ *h*b, *q*g, kai\ dia\ tou= *a o(pote/ra| tw=n *b*d, *g*e para/llhlos h)/xqw h( *a*l: kai\ e)pezeu/xqwsan ai( *a*d, *z*g. kai\ e)pei\ o)rqh/ e)stin e(kate/ra tw=n u(po\ *b*a*g, *b*a*h gwniw=n, pro\s dh/ tini eu)qei/a| th=| *b*a kai\ tw=| pro\s au)th=| shmei/w| tw=| *a du/o eu)qei=ai ai( *a*g, *a*h mh\ e)pi\ ta\ au)ta\ me/rh kei/menai ta\s e)fech=s gwni/as dusi\n o)rqai=s i)/sas poiou=sin: e)p' eu)qei/as a)/ra e)sti\n h( *g*a th=| *a*h. dia\ ta\ au)ta\ dh\ kai\ h( *b*a th=| *a*q e)stin e)p' eu)qei/as. kai\ e)pei\ i)/sh e)sti\n h( u(po\ *d*b*g gwni/a th=| u(po\ *z*b*a: o)rqh\ ga\r e(kate/ra: koinh\ proskei/sqw h( u(po\ *a*b*g: o(/lh a)/ra h( u(po\ *d*b*a o(/lh| th=| u(po\ *z*b*g e)stin i)/sh. kai\ e)pei\ i)/sh e)sti\n h( me\n *d*b th=| *b*g, h( de\ *z*b th=| *b*a, du/o dh\ ai( *d*b, *b*a du/o tai=s *z*b, *b*g i)/sai ei)si\n e(kate/ra e(kate/ra|: kai\ gwni/a h( u(po\ *d*b*a gwni/a| th=| u(po\ *z*b*g i)/sh: ba/sis a)/ra h( *a*d ba/sei th=| *z*g [e)stin] i)/sh, kai\ to\ *a*b*d tri/- gwnon tw=| *z*b*g trigw/nw| e)sti\n i)/son: kai\ [e)sti\] tou= me\n *a*b*d trigw/nou dipla/sion to\ *b*l parallhlo/gram- mon: ba/sin te ga\r th\n au)th\n e)/xousi th\n *b*d kai\ e)n tai=s au)tai=s ei)si parallh/lois tai=s *b*d, *a*l: tou= de\ *z*b*g trigw/nou dipla/sion to\ *h*b tetra/gwnon: ba/sin te ga\r pa/lin th\n au)th\n e)/xousi th\n *z*b kai\ e)n tai=s au)tai=s ei)si parallh/lois tai=s *z*b, *h*g. [ta\ de\ tw=n i)/swn dipla/sia i)/sa a)llh/lois e)sti/n:] i)/son a)/ra e)sti\ kai\ to\ *b*l parallhlo/grammon tw=| *h*b tetragw/nw|. o(moi/ws dh\ e)pizeugnume/nwn tw=n *a*e, *b*k deixqh/setai kai\ to\ *g*l parallhlo/grammon i)/son tw=| *q*g tetragw/nw|: o(/lon a)/ra to\ *b*d*e*g tetra/gwnon dusi\ toi=s *h*b, *q*g tetra- gw/nois i)/son e)sti/n. kai/ e)sti to\ me\n *b*d*e*g tetra/gwnon a)po\ th=s *b*g a)nagrafe/n, ta\ de\ *h*b, *q*g a)po\ tw=n *b*a, *a*g. to\ a)/ra a)po\ th=s *b*g pleura=s tetra/gwnon i)/son e)sti\ toi=s a)po\ tw=n *b*a, *a*g pleurw=n tetragw/nois. *)en a)/ra toi=s o)rqogwni/ois trigw/nois to\ a)po\ th=s th\n o)rqh\n gwni/an u(poteinou/shs pleura=s tetra/gwnon i)/son e)sti\ toi=s a)po\ tw=n th\n o)rqh\n [gwni/an] periexousw=n pleurw=n tetra- gw/nois: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *)ea\n trigw/nou to\ a)po\ mia=s tw=n pleurw=n tetra/gwnon i)/son h)=| toi=s a)po\ tw=n loipw=n tou= trigw/nou du/o pleurw=n tetragw/nois, h( periexome/nh gwni/a u(po\ tw=n loipw=n tou= trigw/nou du/o pleurw=n o)rqh/ e)stin. *trigw/nou ga\r tou= *a*b*g to\ a)po\ mia=s th=s *b*g pleura=s tetra/gwnon i)/son e)/stw toi=s a)po\ tw=n *b*a, *a*g pleurw=n tetragw/nois: le/gw, o(/ti o)rqh/ e)stin h( u(po\ *b*a*g gwni/a. *)/hxqw ga\r a)po\ tou= *a shmei/ou th=| *a*g eu)qei/a| pro\s o)rqa\s h( *a*d kai\ kei/sqw th=| *b*a i)/sh h( *a*d, kai\ e)pezeu/xqw h( *d*g. e)pei\ i)/sh e)sti\n h( *d*a th=| *a*b, i)/son e)sti\ kai\ to\ a)po\ th=s *d*a tetra/gwnon tw=| a)po\ th=s *a*b tetragw/nw|. koino\n proskei/sqw to\ a)po\ th=s *a*g tetra/gwnon: ta\ a)/ra a)po\ tw=n *d*a, *a*g tetra/gwna i)/sa e)sti\ toi=s a)po\ tw=n *b*a, *a*g tetragw/nois. a)lla\ toi=s me\n a)po\ tw=n *d*a, *a*g i)/son e)sti\ to\ a)po\ th=s *d*g: o)rqh\ ga/r e)stin h( u(po\ *d*a*g gwni/a: toi=s de\ a)po\ tw=n *b*a, *a*g i)/son e)sti\ to\ a)po\ *b*g: u(po/keitai ga/r: to\ a)/ra a)po\ th=s *d*g tetra/gwnon i)/son e)sti\ tw=| a)po\ th=s *b*g tetragw/nw|: w(/ste kai\ pleura\ h( *d*g th=| *b*g e)stin i)/sh: kai\ e)pei\ i)/sh e)sti\n h( *d*a th=| *a*b, koinh\ de\ h( *a*g, du/o dh\ ai( *d*a, *a*g du/o tai=s *b*a, *a*g i)/sai ei)si/n: kai\ ba/sis h( *d*g ba/sei th=| *b*g i)/sh: gwni/a a)/ra h( u(po\ *d*a*g gwni/a| th=| u(po\ *b*a*g [e)stin] i)/sh. o)rqh\ de\ h( u(po\ *d*a*g: o)rqh\ a)/ra kai\ h( u(po\ *b*a*g. *)ea\n a)/ra trigw/nou to\ a)po\ mia=s tw=n pleurw=n tetra/gwnon i)/son h)=| toi=s a)po\ tw=n loipw=n tou= trigw/nou du/o pleurw=n tetragw/nois, h( periexome/nh gwni/a u(po\ tw=n loipw=n tou= trigw/nou du/o pleurw=n o)rqh/ e)stin: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai.

*pa=n parallhlo/grammon o)rqogw/nion perie/xesqai le/getai u(po\ du/o tw=n th\n o)rqh\n gwni/an periexousw=n eu)qeiw=n. *panto\s de\ parallhlogra/mmou xwri/ou tw=n peri\ th\n dia/metron au)tou= parallhlogra/mmwn e(\n o(poionou=n su\n toi=s dusi\ paraplhrw/masi gnw/mwn kalei/sqw.

*)ea\n w)=si du/o eu)qei=ai, tmhqh=| de\ h( e(te/ra au)tw=n ei)s o(sa- dhpotou=n tmh/mata, to\ periexo/menon o)rqogw/nion u(po\ tw=n du/o eu)qeiw=n i)/son e)sti\ toi=s u(po/ te th=s a)tmh/tou kai\ e(ka/- stou tw=n tmhma/twn periexome/nois o)rqogwni/ois. *)/estwsan du/o eu)qei=ai ai( *a, *b*g, kai\ tetmh/sqw h( *b*g, w(s e)/tuxen, kata\ ta\ *d, *e shmei=a: le/gw, o(/ti to\ u(po\ tw=n *a, *b*g periexo/menon o)rqogw/nion i)/son e)sti\ tw=| te u(po\ tw=n *a, *b*d periexome/nw| o)rqogwni/w| kai\ tw=| u(po\ tw=n *a, *d*e kai\ e)/ti tw=| u(po\ tw=n *a, *e*g. *)/hxqw ga\r a)po\ tou= *b th=| *b*g pro\s o)rqa\s h( *b*z, kai\ kei/sqw th=| *a i)/sh h( *b*h, kai\ dia\ me\n tou= *h th=| *b*g para/l- lhlos h)/xqw h( *h*q, dia\ de\ tw=n *d, *e, *g th=| *b*h para/llhloi h)/xqwsan ai( *d*k, *e*l, *g*q. *)/ison dh/ e)sti to\ *b*q toi=s *b*k, *d*l, *e*q. kai/ e)sti to\ me\n *b*q to\ u(po\ tw=n *a, *b*g: perie/xetai me\n ga\r u(po\ tw=n *h*b, *b*g, i)/sh de\ h( *b*h th=| *a: to\ de\ *b*k to\ u(po\ tw=n *a, *b*d: perie/xetai me\n ga\r u(po\ tw=n *h*b, *b*d, i)/sh de\ h( *b*h th=| *a. to\ de\ *d*l to\ u(po\ tw=n *a, *d*e: i)/sh ga\r h( *d*k, toute/stin h( *b*h, th=| *a. kai\ e)/ti o(moi/ws to\ *e*q to\ u(po\ tw=n *a, *e*g: to\ a)/ra u(po\ tw=n *a, *b*g i)/son e)sti\ tw=| te u(po\ *a, *b*d kai\ tw=| u(po\ *a, *d*e kai\ e)/ti tw=| u(po\ *a, *e*g. *)ea\n a)/ra w)=si du/o eu)qei=ai, tmhqh=| de\ h( e(te/ra au)tw=n ei)s o(sadhpotou=n tmh/mata, to\ periexo/menon o)rqogw/nion u(po\ tw=n du/o eu)qeiw=n i)/son e)sti\ toi=s u(po/ te th=s a)tmh/tou kai\ e(ka/stou tw=n tmhma/twn periexome/nois o)rqogwni/ois: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *)ea\n eu)qei=a grammh\ tmhqh=|, w(s e)/tuxen, to\ u(po\ th=s o(/lhs kai\ e(kate/rou tw=n tmhma/twn periexo/menon o)rqogw/nion i)/son e)sti\ tw=| a)po\ th=s o(/lhs tetragw/nw|. *eu)qei=a ga\r h( *a*b tetmh/sqw, w(s e)/tuxen, kata\ to\ *g shmei=on: le/gw, o(/ti to\ u(po\ tw=n *a*b, *b*g periexo/menon o)rqogw/nion meta\ tou= u(po\ *b*a, *a*g periexome/nou o)rqogw- ni/ou i)/son e)sti\ tw=| a)po\ th=s *a*b tetragw/nw|. *)anagegra/fqw ga\r a)po\ th=s *a*b tetra/gwnon to\ *a*d*e*b, kai\ h)/xqw dia\ tou= *g o(pote/ra| tw=n *a*d, *b*e para/llhlos h( *g*z. *)/ison dh/ e)sti to\ *a*e toi=s *a*z, *g*e. kai/ e)sti to\ me\n *a*e to\ a)po\ th=s *a*b tetra/- gwnon, to\ de\ *a*z to\ u(po\ tw=n *b*a, *a*g periexo/menon o)rqogw/nion: perie/xetai me\n ga\r u(po\ tw=n *d*a, *a*g, i)/sh de\ h( *a*d th=| *a*b: to\ de\ *g*e to\ u(po\ tw=n *a*b, *b*g: i)/sh ga\r h( *b*e th=| *a*b. to\ a)/ra u(po\ tw=n *b*a, *a*g meta\ tou= u(po\ tw=n *a*b, *b*g i)/son e)sti\ tw=| a)po\ th=s *a*b tetragw/nw|. *)ea\n a)/ra eu)qei=a grammh\ tmhqh=|, w(s e)/tuxen, to\ u(po\ th=s o(/lhs kai\ e(kate/rou tw=n tmhma/twn periexo/menon o)rqogw/- nion i)/son e)sti\ tw=| a)po\ th=s o(/lhs tetragw/nw|: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *)ea\n eu)qei=a grammh\ tmhqh=|, w(s e)/tuxen, to\ u(po\ th=s o(/lhs kai\ e(no\s tw=n tmhma/twn periexo/menon o)rqogw/nion i)/son e)sti\ tw=| te u(po\ tw=n tmhma/twn periexome/nw| o)rqogw- ni/w| kai\ tw=| a)po\ tou= proeirhme/nou tmh/matos tetragw/nw|. *eu)qei=a ga\r h( *a*b tetmh/sqw, w(s e)/tuxen, kata\ to\ *g: le/gw, o(/ti to\ u(po\ tw=n *a*b, *b*g periexo/menon o)rqogw/nion i)/son e)sti\ tw=| te u(po\ tw=n *a*g, *g*b periexome/nw| o)rqogwni/w| meta\ tou= a)po\ th=s *b*g tetragw/nou. *)anagegra/fqw ga\r a)po\ th=s *g*b tetra/gwnon to\ *g*d*e*b, kai\ dih/xqw h( *e*d e)pi\ to\ *z, kai\ dia\ tou= *a o(pote/ra| tw=n *g*d, *b*e para/llhlos h)/xqw h( *a*z. i)/son dh/ e)sti to\ *a*e toi=s *a*d, *g*e: kai/ e)sti to\ me\n *a*e to\ u(po\ tw=n *a*b, *b*g periexo/- menon o)rqogw/nion: perie/xetai me\n ga\r u(po\ tw=n *a*b, *b*e, i)/sh de\ h( *b*e th=| *b*g: to\ de\ *a*d to\ u(po\ tw=n *a*g, *g*b: i)/sh ga\r h( *d*g th=| *g*b: to\ de\ *d*b to\ a)po\ th=s *g*b tetra/gwnon: to\ a)/ra u(po\ tw=n *a*b, *b*g periexo/menon o)rqogw/nion i)/son e)sti\ tw=| u(po\ tw=n *a*g, *g*b periexome/nw| o)rqogwni/w| meta\ tou= a)po\ th=s *b*g tetragw/nou. *)ea\n a)/ra eu)qei=a grammh\ tmhqh=|, w(s e)/tuxen, to\ u(po\ th=s o(/lhs kai\ e(no\s tw=n tmhma/twn periexo/menon o)rqogw/nion i)/son e)sti\ tw=| te u(po\ tw=n tmhma/twn periexome/nw| o)rqogw- ni/w| kai\ tw=| a)po\ tou= proeirhme/nou tmh/matos tetragw/nw|: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *)ea\n eu)qei=a grammh\ tmhqh=|, w(s e)/tuxen, to\ a)po\ th=s o(/lhs tetra/gwnon i)/son e)sti\ toi=s te a)po\ tw=n tmhma/twn tetra- gw/nois kai\ tw=| di\s u(po\ tw=n tmhma/twn periexome/nw| o)rqogwni/w|. *eu)qei=a ga\r grammh\ h( *a*b tetmh/sqw, w(s e)/tuxen, kata\ to\ *g. le/gw, o(/ti to\ a)po\ th=s *a*b tetra/gwnon i)/son e)sti\ toi=s te a)po\ tw=n *a*g, *g*b tetragw/nois kai\ tw=| di\s u(po\ tw=n *a*g, *g*b periexome/nw| o)rqogwni/w|. *)anagegra/fqw ga\r a)po\ th=s *a*b tetra/gwnon to\ *a*d*e*b, kai\ e)pezeu/xqw h( *b*d, kai\ dia\ me\n tou= *g o(pote/ra| tw=n *a*d, *e*b para/llhlos h)/xqw h( *g*z, dia\ de\ tou= *h o(pote/ra| tw=n *a*b, *d*e para/llhlos h)/xqw h( *q*k. kai\ e)pei\ para/llhlo/s e)stin h( *g*z th=| *a*d, kai\ ei)s au)ta\s e)mpe/ptwken h( *b*d, h( e)kto\s gwni/a h( u(po\ *g*h*b i)/sh e)sti\ th=| e)nto\s kai\ a)penanti/on th=| u(po\ *a*d*b. a)ll' h( u(po\ *a*d*b th=| u(po\ *a*b*d e)stin i)/sh, e)pei\ kai\ pleura\ h( *b*a th=| *a*d e)stin i)/sh: kai\ h( u(po\ *g*h*b a)/ra gwni/a th=| u(po\ *h*b*g e)stin i)/sh: w(/ste kai\ pleura\ h( *b*g pleura=| th=| *g*h e)stin i)/sh: a)ll' h( me\n *g*b th=| *h*k e)stin i)/sh, h( de\ *g*h th=| *k*b: kai\ h( *h*k a)/ra th=| *k*b e)stin i)/sh: i)so/pleuron a)/ra e)sti\ to\ *g*h*k*b. le/gw dh/, o(/ti kai\ o)rqogw/nion. e)pei\ ga\r para/llhlo/s e)stin h( *g*h th=| *b*k [kai\ ei)s au)ta\s e)mpe/ptwken eu)qei=a h( *g*b], ai( a)/ra u(po\ *k*b*g, *h*g*b gwni/ai du/o o)rqai=s ei)sin i)/sai. o)rqh\ de\ h( u(po\ *k*b*g: o)rqh\ a)/ra kai\ h( u(po\ *b*g*h: w(/ste kai\ ai( a)penan- ti/on ai( u(po\ *g*h*k, *h*k*b o)rqai/ ei)sin. o)rqogw/nion a)/ra e)sti\ to\ *g*h*k*b: e)dei/xqh de\ kai\ i)so/pleuron: tetra/gwnon a)/ra e)sti/n: kai/ e)stin a)po\ th=s *g*b. dia\ ta\ au)ta\ dh\ kai\ to\ *q*z tetra/gwno/n e)stin: kai/ e)stin a)po\ th=s *q*h, toute/stin [a)po\] th=s *a*g: ta\ a)/ra *q*z, *k*g tetra/gwna a)po\ tw=n *a*g, *g*b ei)sin. kai\ e)pei\ i)/son e)sti\ to\ *a*h tw=| *h*e, kai/ e)sti to\ *a*h to\ u(po\ tw=n *a*g, *g*b: i)/sh ga\r h( *h*g th=| *g*b: kai\ to\ *h*e a)/ra i)/son e)sti\ tw=| u(po\ *a*g, *g*b: ta\ a)/ra *a*h, *h*e i)/sa e)sti\ tw=| di\s u(po\ tw=n *a*g, *g*b. e)/sti de\ kai\ ta\ *q*z, *g*k tetra/gwna a)po\ tw=n *a*g, *g*b: ta\ a)/ra te/ssara ta\ *q*z, *g*k, *a*h, *h*e i)/sa e)sti\ toi=s te a)po\ tw=n *a*g, *g*b tetra- gw/nois kai\ tw=| di\s u(po\ tw=n *a*g, *g*b periexome/nw| o)rqogw- ni/w|. a)lla\ ta\ *q*z, *g*k, *a*h, *h*e o(/lon e)sti\ to\ *a*d*e*b, o(/ e)stin a)po\ th=s *a*b tetra/gwnon: to\ a)/ra a)po\ th=s *a*b tetra/- gwnon i)/son e)sti\ toi=s te a)po\ tw=n *a*g, *g*b tetragw/nois kai\ tw=| di\s u(po\ tw=n *a*g, *g*b periexome/nw| o)rqogwni/w|. *)ea\n a)/ra eu)qei=a grammh\ tmhqh=|, w(s e)/tuxen, to\ a)po\ th=s o(/lhs tetra/gwnon i)/son e)sti\ toi=s te a)po\ tw=n tmhma/twn tetragw/nois kai\ tw=| di\s u(po\ tw=n tmhma/twn periexome/nw| o)rqogwni/w|: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. [*po/risma *)ek dh\ tou/tou fanero/n, o(/ti e)n toi=s tetragw/nois xwri/ois ta\ peri\ th\n dia/metron parallhlo/gramma tetra/gwna/ e)stin]. *)ea\n eu)qei=a grammh\ tmhqh=| ei)s i)/sa kai\ a)/nisa, to\ u(po\ tw=n a)ni/swn th=s o(/lhs tmhma/twn periexo/menon o)rqogw/- nion meta\ tou= a)po\ th=s metacu\ tw=n tomw=n tetragw/nou i)/son e)sti\ tw=| a)po\ th=s h(misei/as tetragw/nw|. *eu)qei=a ga/r tis h( *a*b tetmh/sqw ei)s me\n i)/sa kata\ to\ *g, ei)s de\ a)/nisa kata\ to\ *d: le/gw, o(/ti to\ u(po\ tw=n *a*d, *d*b periexo/menon o)rqogw/nion meta\ tou= a)po\ th=s *g*d tetra- gw/nou i)/son e)sti\ tw=| a)po\ th=s *g*b tetragw/nw|. *)anagegra/fqw ga\r a)po\ th=s *g*b tetra/gwnon to\ *g*e*z*b, kai\ e)pezeu/xqw h( *b*e, kai\ dia\ me\n tou= *d o(pote/ra| tw=n *g*e, *b*z para/llhlos h)/xqw h( *d*h, dia\ de\ tou= *q o(pote/ra| tw=n *a*b, *e*z para/llhlos pa/lin h)/xqw h( *k*m, kai\ pa/lin dia\ tou= *a o(pote/ra| tw=n *g*l, *b*m para/llhlos h)/xqw h( *a*k. kai\ e)pei\ i)/son e)sti\ to\ *g*q para- plh/rwma tw=| *q*z paraplh- rw/mati, koino\n proskei/sqw to\ *d*m: o(/lon a)/ra to\ *g*m o(/lw| tw=| *d*z i)/son e)sti/n. a)lla\ to\ *g*m tw=| *a*l i)/son e)sti/n, e)pei\ kai\ h( *a*g th=| *g*b e)stin i)/sh: kai\ to\ *a*l a)/ra tw=| *d*z i)/son e)sti/n. koino\n proskei/sqw to\ *g*q: o(/lon a)/ra to\ *a*q tw=| *m*n*c gnw/moni i)/son e)sti/n. a)lla\ to\ *a*q to\ u(po\ tw=n *a*d, *d*b e)stin: i)/sh ga\r h( *d*q th=| *d*b: kai\ o( *m*n*c a)/ra gnw/mwn i)/sos e)sti\ tw=| u(po\ *a*d, *d*b. koino\n proskei/sqw to\ *l*h, o(/ e)stin i)/son tw=| a)po\ th=s *g*d: o( a)/ra *m*n*c gnw/- mwn kai\ to\ *l*h i)/sa e)sti\ tw=| u(po\ tw=n *a*d, *d*b periexo- me/nw| o)rqogwni/w| kai\ tw=| a)po\ th=s *g*d tetragw/nw|. a)lla\ o( *m*n*c gnw/mwn kai\ to\ *l*h o(/lon e)sti\ to\ *g*e*z*b tetra/- gwnon, o(/ e)stin a)po\ th=s *g*b: to\ a)/ra u(po\ tw=n *a*d, *d*b periexo/menon o)rqogw/nion meta\ tou= a)po\ th=s *g*d tetra- gw/nou i)/son e)sti\ tw=| a)po\ th=s *g*b tetragw/nw|. *)ea\n a)/ra eu)qei=a grammh\ tmhqh=| ei)s i)/sa kai\ a)/nisa, to\ u(po\ tw=n a)ni/swn th=s o(/lhs tmhma/twn periexo/menon o)rqo- gw/nion meta\ tou= a)po\ th=s metacu\ tw=n tomw=n tetragw/nou i)/son e)sti\ tw=| a)po\ th=s h(misei/as tetragw/nw|: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *)ea\n eu)qei=a grammh\ tmhqh=| di/xa, prosteqh=| de/ tis au)th=| eu)qei=a e)p' eu)qei/as, to\ u(po\ th=s o(/lhs su\n th=| proskeime/nh| kai\ th=s proskeime/nhs periexo/menon o)rqogw/nion meta\ tou= a)po\ th=s h(misei/as tetragw/nou i)/son e)sti\ tw=| a)po\ th=s sugkei- me/nhs e)/k te th=s h(misei/as kai\ th=s proskeime/nhs tetragw/nw|. *eu)qei=a ga/r tis h( *a*b tetmh/sqw di/xa kata\ to\ *g shmei=on, proskei/sqw de/ tis au)th=| eu)qei=a e)p' eu)qei/as h( *b*d: le/gw, o(/ti to\ u(po\ tw=n *a*d, *d*b periexo/menon o)rqogw/nion meta\ tou= a)po\ th=s *g*b tetra- gw/nou i)/son e)sti\ tw=| a)po\ th=s *g*d tetra- gw/nw|. *)anagegra/fqw ga\r a)po\ th=s *g*d tetra/gwnon to\ *g*e*z*d, kai\ e)pezeu/xqw h( *d*e, kai\ dia\ me\n tou= *b shmei/ou o(pote/ra| tw=n *e*g, *d*z para/llhlos h)/xqw h( *b*h, dia\ de\ tou= *q shmei/ou o(pote/ra| tw=n *a*b, *e*z para/llhlos h)/xqw h( *k*m, kai\ e)/ti dia\ tou= *a o(pote/ra| tw=n *g*l, *d*m para/llhlos h)/xqw h( *a*k. *)epei\ ou)=n i)/sh e)sti\n h( *a*g th=| *g*b, i)/son e)sti\ kai\ to\ *a*l tw=| *g*q. a)lla\ to\ *g*q tw=| *q*z i)/son e)sti/n. kai\ to\ *a*l a)/ra tw=| *q*z e)stin i)/son. koino\n proskei/sqw to\ *g*m: o(/lon a)/ra to\ *a*m tw=| *n*c*o gnw/moni/ e)stin i)/son. a)lla\ to\ *a*m e)sti to\ u(po\ tw=n *a*d, *d*b: i)/sh ga/r e)stin h( *d*m th=| *d*b: kai\ o( *n*c*o a)/ra gnw/mwn i)/sos e)sti\ tw=| u(po\ tw=n *a*d, *d*b [peri- exome/nw| o)rqogwni/w|]. koino\n proskei/sqw to\ *l*h, o(/ e)stin i)/son tw=| a)po\ th=s *b*g tetragw/nw|: to\ a)/ra u(po\ tw=n *a*d, *d*b periexo/menon o)rqogw/nion meta\ tou= a)po\ th=s *g*b te- tragw/nou i)/son e)sti\ tw=| *n*c*o gnw/moni kai\ tw=| *l*h. a)lla\ o( *n*c*o gnw/mwn kai\ to\ *l*h o(/lon e)sti\ to\ *g*e*z*d tetra/gw- non, o(/ e)stin a)po\ th=s *g*d: to\ a)/ra u(po\ tw=n *a*d, *d*b peri- exo/menon o)rqogw/nion meta\ tou= a)po\ th=s *g*b tetragw/nou i)/son e)sti\ tw=| a)po\ th=s *g*d tetragw/nw|. *)ea\n a)/ra eu)qei=a grammh\ tmhqh=| di/xa, prosteqh=| de/ tis au)th=| eu)qei=a e)p' eu)qei/as, to\ u(po\ th=s o(/lhs su\n th=| proskei- me/nh| kai\ th=s proskeime/nhs periexo/menon o)rqogw/nion meta\ tou= a)po\ th=s h(misei/as tetragw/nou i)/son e)sti\ tw=| a)po\ th=s sugkeime/nhs e)/k te th=s h(misei/as kai\ th=s proskeime/nhs tetragw/nw|: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *)ea\n eu)qei=a grammh\ tmhqh=|, w(s e)/tuxen, to\ a)po\ th=s o(/lhs kai\ to\ a)f' e(no\s tw=n tmhma/twn ta\ sunamfo/tera tetra/- gwna i)/sa e)sti\ tw=| te di\s u(po\ th=s o(/lhs kai\ tou= ei)rhme/nou tmh/matos periexome/nw| o)rqogwni/w| kai\ tw=| a)po\ tou= loipou= tmh/matos tetragw/nw|. *eu)qei=a ga/r tis h( *a*b tetmh/sqw, w(s e)/tuxen, kata\ to\ *g shmei=on: le/gw, o(/ti ta\ a)po\ tw=n *a*b, *b*g tetra/gwna i)/sa e)sti\ tw=| te di\s u(po\ tw=n *a*b, *b*g periexome/nw| o)rqogw- ni/w| kai\ tw=| a)po\ th=s *g*a tetragw/nw|. *)anagegra/fqw ga\r a)po\ th=s *a*b tetra/gwnon to\ *a*d*e*b: kai\ katagegra/fqw to\ sxh=ma. *)epei\ ou)=n i)/son e)sti\ to\ *a*h tw=| *h*e, koino\n proskei/sqw to\ *g*z: o(/lon a)/ra to\ *a*z o(/lw| tw=| *g*e i)/son e)sti/n: ta\ a)/ra *a*z, *g*e dipla/sia/ e)sti tou= *a*z. a)lla\ ta\ *a*z, *g*e o( *k*l*m e)sti gnw/mwn kai\ to\ *g*z tetra/gwnon: o( *k*l*m a)/ra gnw/mwn kai\ to\ *g*z dipla/sia/ e)sti tou= *a*z. e)/sti de\ tou= *a*z dipla/sion kai\ to\ di\s u(po\ tw=n *a*b, *b*g: i)/sh ga\r h( *b*z th=| *b*g: o( a)/ra *k*l*m gnw/mwn kai\ to\ *g*z tetra/gwnon i)/son e)sti\ tw=| di\s u(po\ tw=n *a*b, *b*g. koino\n proskei/sqw to\ *d*h, o(/ e)stin a)po\ th=s *a*g tetra/gwnon: o( a)/ra *k*l*m gnw/mwn kai\ ta\ *b*h, *h*d tetra/gwna i)/sa e)sti\ tw=| te di\s u(po\ tw=n *a*b, *b*g periexome/nw| o)rqogwni/w| kai\ tw=| a)po\ th=s *a*g tetragw/nw|. a)lla\ o( *k*l*m gnw/mwn kai\ ta\ *b*h, *h*d tetra/gwna o(/lon e)sti\ to\ *a*d*e*b kai\ to\ *g*z, a(/ e)stin a)po\ tw=n *a*b, *b*g tetra/gwna: ta\ a)/ra a)po\ tw=n *a*b, *b*g tetra/gwna i)/sa e)sti\ tw=| [te] di\s u(po\ tw=n *a*b, *b*g periexome/nw| o)rqogw- ni/w| meta\ tou= a)po\ th=s *a*g tetragw/nou. *)ea\n a)/ra eu)qei=a grammh\ tmhqh=|, w(s e)/tuxen, to\ a)po\ th=s o(/lhs kai\ to\ a)f' e(no\s tw=n tmhma/twn ta\ sunamfo/tera tetra/gwna i)/sa e)sti\ tw=| te di\s u(po\ th=s o(/lhs kai\ tou= ei)rhme/- nou tmh/matos periexome/nw| o)rqogwni/w| kai\ tw=| a)po\ tou= loipou= tmh/matos tetragw/nw|: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *)ea\n eu)qei=a grammh\ tmhqh=|, w(s e)/tuxen, to\ tetra/kis u(po\ th=s o(/lhs kai\ e(no\s tw=n tmhma/twn periexo/menon o)rqogw/- nion meta\ tou= a)po\ tou= loipou= tmh/matos tetragw/nou i)/son e)sti\ tw=| a)po/ te th=s o(/lhs kai\ tou= ei)rhme/nou tmh/matos w(s a)po\ mia=s a)nagrafe/nti tetragw/nw|. *eu)qei=a ga/r tis h( *a*b tetmh/sqw, w(s e)/tuxen, kata\ to\ *g shmei=on: le/gw, o(/ti to\ tetra/kis u(po\ tw=n *a*b, *b*g peri- exo/menon o)rqogw/nion meta\ tou= a)po\ th=s *a*g tetragw/nou i)/son e)sti\ tw=| a)po\ th=s *a*b, *b*g w(s a)po\ mia=s a)nagrafe/nti tetragw/nw|. *)ekbeblh/sqw ga\r e)p' eu)qei/as [th=| *a*b eu)qei=a] h( *b*d, kai\ kei/sqw th=| *g*b i)/sh h( *b*d, kai\ a)nagegra/fqw a)po\ th=s *a*d tetra/gwnon to\ *a*e*z*d, kai\ kata- gegra/fqw diplou=n to\ sxh=ma. *)epei\ ou)=n i)/sh e)sti\n h( *g*b th=| *b*d, a)lla\ h( me\n *g*b th=| *h*k e)stin i)/sh, h( de\ *b*d th=| *k*n, kai\ h( *h*k a)/ra th=| *k*n e)stin i)/sh. dia\ ta\ au)ta\ dh\ kai\ h( *p*r th=| *r*o e)stin i)/sh. kai\ e)pei\ i)/sh e)sti\n h( *b*g th=| *b*d, h( de\ *h*k th=| *k*n, i)/son a)/ra e)sti\ kai\ to\ me\n *g*k tw=| *k*d, to\ de\ *h*r tw=| *r*n. a)lla\ to\ *g*k tw=| *r*n e)stin i)/son: paraplhrw/mata ga\r tou= *g*o paral- lhlogra/mmou: kai\ to\ *k*d a)/ra tw=| *h*r i)/son e)sti/n: ta\ te/s- sara a)/ra ta\ *d*k, *g*k, *h*r, *r*n i)/sa a)llh/lois e)sti/n. ta\ te/ssara a)/ra tetrapla/sia/ e)sti tou= *g*k. pa/lin, e)pei\ i)/sh e)sti\n h( *g*b th=| *b*d, a)lla\ h( me\n *b*d th=| *b*k, toute/sti th=| *g*h i)/sh, h( de\ *g*b th=| *h*k, toute/sti th=| *h*p, e)stin i)/sh, kai\ h( *g*h a)/ra th=| *h*p i)/sh e)sti/n. kai\ e)pei\ i)/sh e)sti\n h( me\n *g*h th=| *h*p, h( de\ *p*r th=| *r*o, i)/son e)sti\ kai\ to\ me\n *a*h tw=| *m*p, to\ de\ *p*l tw=| *r*z. a)lla\ to\ *m*p tw=| *p*l e)stin i)/son: paraplhrw/mata ga\r tou= *m*l parallhlogra/mmou: kai\ to\ *a*h a)/ra tw=| *r*z i)/son e)sti/n: ta\ te/ssara a)/ra ta\ *a*h, *m*p, *p*l, *r*z i)/sa a)llh/lois e)sti/n: ta\ te/ssara a)/ra tou= *a*h e)sti tetrapla/sia. e)dei/xqh de\ kai\ ta\ te/ssara ta\ *g*k, *k*d, *h*r, *r*n tou= *g*k tetrapla/sia: ta\ a)/ra o)ktw/, a(\ perie/xei to\n *s*t*u gnw/mona, tetrapla/sia/ e)sti tou= *a*k. kai\ e)pei\ to\ *a*k to\ u(po\ tw=n *a*b, *b*d e)stin: i)/sh ga\r h( *b*k th=| *b*d: to\ a)/ra tetra/kis u(po\ tw=n *a*b, *b*d tetrapla/sio/n e)sti tou= *a*k. e)dei/xqh de\ tou= *a*k tetrapla/sios kai\ o( *s*t*u gnw/mwn: to\ a)/ra tetra/kis u(po\ tw=n *a*b, *b*d i)/son e)sti\ tw=| *s*t*u gnw/moni. koino\n proskei/sqw to\ *c*q, o(/ e)stin i)/son tw=| a)po\ th=s *a*g tetragw/nw|: to\ a)/ra tetra/kis u(po\ tw=n *a*b, *b*d periexo/menon o)rqogw/nion meta\ tou= a)po\ *a*g tetragw/nou i)/son e)sti\ tw=| *s*t*u gnw/moni kai\ tw=| *c*q. a)lla\ o( *s*t*u gnw/mwn kai\ to\ *c*q o(/lon e)sti\ to\ *a*e*z*d tetra/gwnon, o(/ e)stin a)po\ th=s *a*d: to\ a)/ra tetra/kis u(po\ tw=n *a*b, *b*d meta\ tou= a)po\ *a*g i)/son e)sti\ tw=| a)po\ *a*d tetra- gw/nw|: i)/sh de\ h( *b*d th=| *b*g. to\ a)/ra tetra/kis u(po\ tw=n *a*b, *b*g periexo/menon o)rqogw/nion meta\ tou= a)po\ *a*g tetra- gw/nou i)/son e)sti\ tw=| a)po\ th=s *a*d, toute/sti tw=| a)po\ th=s *a*b kai\ *b*g w(s a)po\ mia=s a)nagrafe/nti tetragw/nw|. *)ea\n a)/ra eu)qei=a grammh\ tmhqh=|, w(s e)/tuxen, to\ tetra/kis u(po\ th=s o(/lhs kai\ e(no\s tw=n tmhma/twn periexo/menon o)rqo- gw/nion meta\ tou= a)po\ tou= loipou= tmh/matos tetragw/nou i)/son e)sti\ tw=| a)po/ te th=s o(/lhs kai\ tou= ei)rhme/nou tmh/matos w(s a)po\ mia=s a)nagrafe/nti tetragw/nw|: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *)ea\n eu)qei=a grammh\ tmhqh=| ei)s i)/sa kai\ a)/nisa, ta\ a)po\ tw=n a)ni/swn th=s o(/lhs tmhma/twn tetra/gwna dipla/sia/ e)sti tou= te a)po\ th=s h(misei/as kai\ tou= a)po\ th=s metacu\ tw=n tomw=n tetragw/nou. *eu)qei=a ga/r tis h( *a*b tetmh/sqw ei)s me\n i)/sa kata\ to\ *g, ei)s de\ a)/nisa kata\ to\ *d: le/gw, o(/ti ta\ a)po\ tw=n *a*d, *d*b tetra/gwna dipla/sia/ e)sti tw=n a)po\ tw=n *a*g, *g*d tetragw/nwn. *)/hxqw ga\r a)po\ tou= *g th=| *a*b pro\s o)rqa\s h( *g*e, kai\ kei/sqw i)/sh e(kate/ra| tw=n *a*g, *g*b, kai\ e)pezeu/xqwsan ai( *e*a, *e*b, kai\ dia\ me\n tou= *d th=| *e*g para/llhlos h)/xqw h( *d*z, dia\ de\ tou= *z th=| *a*b h( *z*h, kai\ e)pezeu/xqw h( *a*z. kai\ e)pei\ i)/sh e)sti\n h( *a*g th=| *g*e, i)/sh e)sti\ kai\ h( u(po\ *e*a*g gwni/a th=| u(po\ *a*e*g. kai\ e)pei\ o)rqh/ e)stin h( pro\s tw=| *g, loipai\ a)/ra ai( u(po\ *e*a*g, *a*e*g mia=| o)rqh=| i)/sai ei)si/n: kai/ ei)sin i)/sai: h(mi/seia a)/ra o)rqh=s e)stin e(kate/ra tw=n u(po\ *g*e*a, *g*a*e. dia\ ta\ au)ta\ dh\ kai\ e(kate/ra tw=n u(po\ *g*e*b, *e*b*g h(mi/seia/ e)stin o)rqh=s: o(/lh a)/ra h( u(po\ *a*e*b o)rqh/ e)stin. kai\ e)pei\ h( u(po\ *h*e*z h(mi/seia/ e)stin o)rqh=s, o)rqh\ de\ h( u(po\ *e*h*z: i)/sh ga/r e)sti th=| e)nto\s kai\ a)penanti/on th=| u(po\ *e*g*b: loiph\ a)/ra h( u(po\ *e*z*h h(mi/seia/ e)stin o)rqh=s: i)/sh a)/ra [e)sti\n] h( u(po\ *h*e*z gwni/a th=| u(po\ *e*z*h: w(/ste kai\ pleura\ h( *e*h th=| *h*z e)stin i)/sh. pa/lin e)pei\ h( pro\s tw=| *b gwni/a h(mi/seia/ e)stin o)rqh=s, o)rqh\ de\ h( u(po\ *z*d*b: i)/sh ga\r pa/lin e)sti\ th=| e)nto\s kai\ a)penanti/on th=| u(po\ *e*g*b: loi- ph\ a)/ra h( u(po\ *b*z*d h(mi/seia/ e)stin o)rqh=s: i)/sh a)/ra h( pro\s tw=| *b gwni/a th=| u(po\ *d*z*b: w(/ste kai\ pleura\ h( *z*d pleu- ra=| th=| *d*b e)stin i)/sh. kai\ e)pei\ i)/sh e)sti\n h( *a*g th=| *g*e, i)/son e)sti\ kai\ to\ a)po\ *a*g tw=| a)po\ *g*e: ta\ a)/ra a)po\ tw=n *a*g, *g*e tetra/gwna dipla/sia/ e)sti tou= a)po\ *a*g. toi=s de\ a)po\ tw=n *a*g, *g*e i)/son e)sti\ to\ a)po\ th=s *e*a tetra/gwnon: o)rqh\ ga\r h( u(po\ *a*g*e gwni/a: to\ a)/ra a)po\ th=s *e*a dipla/sio/n e)sti tou= a)po\ th=s *a*g. pa/lin, e)pei\ i)/sh e)sti\n h( *e*h th=| *h*z, i)/son kai\ to\ a)po\ th=s *e*h tw=| a)po\ th=s *h*z: ta\ a)/ra a)po\ tw=n *e*h, *h*z tetra/gwna dipla/sia/ e)sti tou= a)po\ th=s *h*z tetragw/nou. toi=s de\ a)po\ tw=n *e*h, *h*z tetragw/nois i)/son e)sti\ to\ a)po\ th=s *e*z tetra/gwnon: to\ a)/ra a)po\ th=s *e*z tetra/gwnon dipla/sio/n e)sti tou= a)po\ th=s *h*z. i)/sh de\ h( *h*z th=| *g*d: to\ a)/ra a)po\ th=s *e*z dipla/sio/n e)sti tou= a)po\ th=s *g*d. e)/sti de\ kai\ to\ a)po\ th=s *e*a dipla/sion tou= a)po\ th=s *a*g: ta\ a)/ra a)po\ tw=n *a*e, *e*z tetra/gwna dipla/sia/ e)sti tw=n a)po\ tw=n *a*g, *g*d tetragw/nwn. toi=s de\ a)po\ tw=n *a*e, *e*z i)/son e)sti\ to\ a)po\ th=s *a*z tetra/gwnon: o)rqh\ ga/r e)stin h( u(po\ *a*e*z gwni/a: to\ a)/ra a)po\ th=s *a*z tetra/- gwnon dipla/sio/n e)sti tw=n a)po\ tw=n *a*g, *g*d. tw=| de\ a)po\ th=s *a*z i)/sa ta\ a)po\ tw=n *a*d, *d*z: o)rqh\ ga\r h( pro\s tw=| *d gwni/a: ta\ a)/ra a)po\ tw=n *a*d, *d*z dipla/sia/ e)sti tw=n a)po\ tw=n *a*g, *g*d tetragw/nwn. i)/sh de\ h( *d*z th=| *d*b: ta\ a)/ra a)po\ tw=n *a*d, *d*b tetra/gwna dipla/sia/ e)sti tw=n a)po\ tw=n *a*g, *g*d tetragw/nwn. *)ea\n a)/ra eu)qei=a grammh\ tmhqh=| ei)s i)/sa kai\ a)/nisa, ta\ a)po\ tw=n a)ni/swn th=s o(/lhs tmhma/twn tetra/gwna dipla/- sia/ e)sti tou= te a)po\ th=s h(misei/as kai\ tou= a)po\ th=s metacu\ tw=n tomw=n tetragw/nou: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *)ea\n eu)qei=a grammh\ tmhqh=| di/xa, prosteqh=| de/ tis au)th=| eu)qei=a e)p' eu)qei/as, to\ a)po\ th=s o(/lhs su\n th=| proskeime/nh| kai\ to\ a)po\ th=s proskeime/nhs ta\ sunamfo/tera tetra/gwna dipla/sia/ e)sti tou= te a)po\ th=s h(misei/as kai\ tou= a)po\ th=s sugkeime/nhs e)/k te th=s h(misei/as kai\ th=s proskeime/nhs w(s a)po\ mia=s a)nagrafe/ntos tetragw/nou. *eu)qei=a ga/r tis h( *a*b tetmh/sqw di/xa kata\ to\ *g, pros- kei/sqw de/ tis au)th=| eu)qei=a e)p' eu)qei/as h( *b*d: le/gw, o(/ti ta\ a)po\ tw=n *a*d, *d*b tetra/gwna di- pla/sia/ e)sti tw=n a)po\ tw=n *a*g, *g*d tetragw/nwn. *)/hxqw ga\r a)po\ tou= *g shmei/ou th=| *a*b pro\s o)rqa\s h( *g*e, kai\ kei/sqw i)/sh e(kate/ra|, tw=n *a*g, *g*b, kai\ e)p- ezeu/xqwsan ai( *e*a, *e*b: kai\ dia\ me\n tou= *e th=| *a*d para/l- lhlos h)/xqw h( *e*z, dia\ de\ tou= *d th=| *g*e para/llhlos h)/xqw h( *z*d. kai\ e)pei\ ei)s parallh/lous eu)qei/as ta\s *e*g, *z*d eu)- qei=a/ tis e)ne/pesen h( *e*z, ai( u(po\ *g*e*z, *e*z*d a)/ra dusi\n o)rqai=s i)/sai ei)si/n: ai( a)/ra u(po\ *z*e*b, *e*z*d du/o o)rqw=n e)la/ssone/s ei)sin: ai( de\ a)p' e)lasso/nwn h)\ du/o o)rqw=n e)kbal- lo/menai sumpi/ptousin: ai( a)/ra *e*b, *z*d e)kballo/menai e)pi\ ta\ *b, *d me/rh sumpesou=ntai. e)kbeblh/sqwsan kai\ sum- pipte/twsan kata\ to\ *h, kai\ e)pezeu/xqw h( *a*h. kai\ e)pei\ i)/sh e)sti\n h( *a*g th=| *g*e, i)/sh e)sti\ kai\ gwni/a h( u(po\ *e*a*g th=| u(po\ *a*e*g: kai\ o)rqh\ h( pro\s tw=| *g: h(mi/seia a)/ra o)rqh=s [e)stin] e(kate/ra tw=n u(po\ *e*a*g, *a*e*g. dia\ ta\ au)ta\ dh\ kai\ e(kate/ra tw=n u(po\ *g*e*b, *e*b*g h(mi/seia/ e)stin o)rqh=s: o)rqh\ a)/ra e)sti\n h( u(po\ *a*e*b. kai\ e)pei\ h(mi/seia o)rqh=s e)stin h( u(po\ *e*b*g, h(mi/seia a)/ra o)rqh=s kai\ h( u(po\ *d*b*h. e)/sti de\ kai\ h( u(po\ *b*d*h o)rqh/: i)/sh ga/r e)sti th=| u(po\ *d*g*e: e)nalla\c ga/r: loiph\ a)/ra h( u(po\ *d*h*b h(mi/seia/ e)stin o)rqh=s: h( a)/ra u(po\ *d*h*b th=| u(po\ *d*b*h e)stin i)/sh: w(/ste kai\ pleura\ h( *b*d pleura=| th=| *h*d e)stin i)/sh. pa/lin, e)pei\ h( u(po\ *e*h*z h(mi/seia/ e)stin o)rqh=s, o)rqh\ de\ h( pro\s tw=| *z: i)/sh ga/r e)sti th=| a)penan- ti/on th=| pro\s tw=| *g: loiph\ a)/ra h( u(po\ *z*e*h h(mi/seia/ e)stin o)rqh=s: i)/sh a)/ra h( u(po\ *e*h*z gwni/a th=| u(po\ *z*e*h: w(/ste kai\ pleura\ h( *h*z pleura=| th=| *e*z e)stin i)/sh. kai\ e)pei\ [i)/sh e)sti\n h( *e*g th=| *g*a,] i)/son e)sti\ [kai\] to\ a)po\ th=s *e*g tetra/- gwnon tw=| a)po\ th=s *g*a tetragw/nw|: ta\ a)/ra a)po\ tw=n *e*g, *g*a tetra/gwna dipla/sia/ e)sti tou= a)po\ th=s *g*a tetragw/- nou. toi=s de\ a)po\ tw=n *e*g, *g*a i)/son e)sti\ to\ a)po\ th=s *e*a: to\ a)/ra a)po\ th=s *e*a tetra/gwnon dipla/sio/n e)sti tou= a)po\ th=s *a*g tetragw/nou. pa/lin, e)pei\ i)/sh e)sti\n h( *z*h th=| *e*z, i)/son e)sti\ kai\ to\ a)po\ th=s *z*h tw=| a)po\ th=s *z*e: ta\ a)/ra a)po\ tw=n *h*z, *z*e dipla/sia/ e)sti tou= a)po\ th=s *e*z. toi=s de\ a)po\ tw=n *h*z, *z*e i)/son e)sti\ to\ a)po\ th=s *e*h: to\ a)/ra a)po\ th=s *e*h dipla/sio/n e)sti tou= a)po\ th=s *e*z. i)/sh de\ h( *e*z th=| *g*d: to\ a)/ra a)po\ th=s *e*h tetra/gwnon dipla/sio/n e)sti tou= a)po\ th=s *g*d. e)dei/xqh de\ kai\ to\ a)po\ th=s *e*a dipla/sion tou= a)po\ th=s *a*g: ta\ a)/ra a)po\ tw=n *a*e, *e*h tetra/gwna dipla/sia/ e)sti tw=n a)po\ tw=n *a*g, *g*d tetragw/nwn. toi=s de\ a)po\ tw=n *a*e, *e*h tetragw/nois i)/son e)sti\ to\ a)po\ th=s *a*h tetra/gwnon: to\ a)/ra a)po\ th=s *a*h di- pla/sio/n e)sti tw=n a)po\ tw=n *a*g, *g*d. tw=| de\ a)po\ th=s *a*h i)/sa e)sti\ ta\ a)po\ tw=n *a*d, *d*h: ta\ a)/ra a)po\ tw=n *a*d, *d*h [tetra/gwna] dipla/sia/ e)sti tw=n a)po\ tw=n *a*g, *g*d [tetra- gw/nwn]. i)/sh de\ h( *d*h th=| *d*b: ta\ a)/ra a)po\ tw=n *a*d, *d*b [tetra/gwna] dipla/sia/ e)sti tw=n a)po\ tw=n *a*g, *g*d tetra- gw/nwn. *)ea\n a)/ra eu)qei=a grammh\ tmhqh=| di/xa, prosteqh=| de/ tis au)th=| eu)qei=a e)p' eu)qei/as, to\ a)po\ th=s o(/lhs su\n th=| pros- keime/nh| kai\ to\ a)po\ th=s proskeime/nhs ta\ sunamfo/tera tetra/gwna dipla/sia/ e)sti tou= te a)po\ th=s h(misei/as kai\ tou= a)po\ th=s sugkeime/nhs e)/k te th=s h(misei/as kai\ th=s proskei- me/nhs w(s a)po\ mia=s a)nagrafe/ntos tetragw/nou: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *th\n doqei=san eu)qei=an temei=n w(/ste to\ u(po\ th=s o(/lhs kai\ tou= e(te/rou tw=n tmhma/twn periexo/menon o)rqogw/nion i)/son ei)=nai tw=| a)po\ tou= loipou= tmh/matos tetragw/nw|. *)/estw h( doqei=sa eu)qei=a h( *a*b: dei= dh\ th\n *a*b temei=n w(/ste to\ u(po\ th=s o(/lhs kai\ tou= e(te/rou tw=n tmhma/twn periexo/menon o)rqogw/nion i)/son ei)=nai tw=| a)po\ tou= loipou= tmh/matos tetragw/nw|. *)anagegra/fqw ga\r a)po\ th=s *a*b tetra/gwnon to\ *a*b*d*g, kai\ tetmh/sqw h( *a*g di/xa kata\ to\ *e shmei=on, kai\ e)pezeu/- xqw h( *b*e, kai\ dih/xqw h( *g*a e)pi\ to\ *z, kai\ kei/sqw th=| *b*e i)/sh h( *e*z, kai\ a)nagegra/fqw a)po\ th=s *a*z tetra/gwnon to\ *z*q, kai\ dih/xqw h( *h*q e)pi\ to\ *k: le/gw, o(/ti h( *a*b te/tmhtai kata\ to\ *q, w(/ste to\ u(po\ tw=n *a*b, *b*q periexo/menon o)rqogw/nion i)/son poiei=n tw=| a)po\ th=s *a*q tetragw/nw|. *)epei\ ga\r eu)qei=a h( *a*g te/tmhtai di/xa kata\ to\ *e, pro/s- keitai de\ au)th=| h( *z*a, to\ a)/ra u(po\ tw=n *g*z, *z*a periexo/- menon o)rqogw/nion meta\ tou= a)po\ th=s *a*e tetragw/nou i)/son e)sti\ tw=| a)po\ th=s *e*z tetragw/nw|. i)/sh de\ h( *e*z th=| *e*b: to\ a)/ra u(po\ tw=n *g*z, *z*a meta\ tou= a)po\ th=s *a*e i)/son e)sti\ tw=| a)po\ *e*b. a)lla\ tw=| a)po\ *e*b i)/sa e)sti\ ta\ a)po\ tw=n *b*a, *a*e: o)rqh\ ga\r h( pro\s tw=| *a gwni/a: to\ a)/ra u(po\ tw=n *g*z, *z*a meta\ tou= a)po\ th=s *a*e i)/son e)sti\ toi=s a)po\ tw=n *b*a, *a*e. koino\n a)fh|rh/sqw to\ a)po\ th=s *a*e: loipo\n a)/ra to\ u(po\ tw=n *g*z, *z*a periexo/menon o)rqogw/nion i)/son e)sti\ tw=| a)po\ th=s *a*b tetragw/nw|. kai/ e)sti to\ me\n u(po\ tw=n *g*z, *z*a to\ *z*k: i)/sh ga\r h( *a*z th=| *z*h: to\ de\ a)po\ th=s *a*b to\ *a*d: to\ a)/ra *z*k i)/son e)sti\ tw=| *a*d. koino\n a)fh|rh/sqw to\ *a*k: loipo\n a)/ra to\ *z*q tw=| *q*d i)/son e)sti/n. kai/ e)sti to\ me\n *q*d to\ u(po\ tw=n *a*b, *b*q: i)/sh ga\r h( *a*b th=| *b*d: to\ de\ *z*q to\ a)po\ th=s *a*q: to\ a)/ra u(po\ tw=n *a*b, *b*q peri- exo/menon o)rqogw/nion i)/son e)sti\ tw=| a)po\ *q*a tetragw/nw|. *(h a)/ra doqei=sa eu)qei=a h( *a*b te/tmhtai kata\ to\ *q w(/ste to\ u(po\ tw=n *a*b, *b*q periexo/menon o)rqogw/nion i)/son poiei=n tw=| a)po\ th=s *q*a tetragw/nw|: o(/per e)/dei poih=sai. *)en toi=s a)mblugwni/ois trigw/nois to\ a)po\ th=s th\n a)mblei=- an gwni/an u(poteinou/shs pleura=s tetra/gwnon mei=zo/n e)sti tw=n a)po\ tw=n th\n a)mblei=an gwni/an periexousw=n pleurw=n tetragw/nwn tw=| periexome/nw| di\s u(po/ te mia=s tw=n peri\ th\n a)mblei=an gwni/an, e)f' h(\n h( ka/qetos pi/ptei, kai\ th=s a)po- lambanome/nhs e)kto\s u(po\ th=s kaqe/tou pro\s th=| a)mblei/a| gwni/a|. *)/estw a)mblugw/nion tri/gwnon to\ *a*b*g a)mblei=an e)/xon th\n u(po\ *b*a*g, kai\ h)/xqw a)po\ tou= *b shmei/ou e)pi\ th\n *g*a e)kblhqei=san ka/qetos h( *b*d. le/gw, o(/ti to\ a)po\ th=s *b*g tetra/gwnon mei=zo/n e)sti tw=n a)po\ tw=n *b*a, *a*g tetra- gw/nwn tw=| di\s u(po\ tw=n *g*a, *a*d periexome/nw| o)rqogwni/w|. *)epei\ ga\r eu)qei=a h( *g*a te/tmhtai, w(s e)/tuxen, kata\ to\ *a shmei=on, to\ a)/ra a)po\ th=s *d*g i)/son e)sti\ toi=s a)po\ tw=n *g*a, *a*d tetragw/nois kai\ tw=| di\s u(po\ tw=n *g*a, *a*d periexome/nw| o)rqogwni/w|. koino\n proskei/sqw to\ a)po\ th=s *d*b: ta\ a)/ra a)po\ tw=n *g*d, *d*b i)/sa e)sti\ toi=s te a)po\ tw=n *g*a, *a*d, *d*b tetragw/nois kai\ tw=| di\s u(po\ tw=n *g*a, *a*d [periexome/nw| o)rqogwni/w|]. a)lla\ toi=s me\n a)po\ tw=n *g*d, *d*b i)/son e)sti\ to\ a)po\ th=s *g*b: o)rqh\ ga\r h( pro\s tw=| *d gwni/a: toi=s de\ a)po\ tw=n *a*d, *d*b i)/son to\ a)po\ th=s *a*b: to\ a)/ra a)po\ th=s *g*b tetra/gwnon i)/son e)sti\ toi=s te a)po\ tw=n *g*a, *a*b tetragw/nois kai\ tw=| di\s u(po\ tw=n *g*a, *a*d periexome/nw| o)rqogwni/w|: w(/ste to\ a)po\ th=s *g*b tetra/gw- non tw=n a)po\ tw=n *g*a, *a*b tetragw/nwn mei=zo/n e)sti tw=| di\s u(po\ tw=n *g*a, *a*d periexome/nw| o)rqogwni/w|. *)en a)/ra toi=s a)mblugwni/ois trigw/nois to\ a)po\ th=s th\n a)mblei=an gwni/an u(poteinou/shs pleura=s tetra/gwnon mei=- zo/n e)sti tw=n a)po\ tw=n th\n a)mblei=an gwni/an periexou- sw=n pleurw=n tetragw/nwn tw=| periexome/nw| di\s u(po/ te mia=s tw=n peri\ th\n a)mblei=an gwni/an, e)f' h(\n h( ka/qetos pi/ptei, kai\ th=s a)polambanome/nhs e)kto\s u(po\ th=s kaqe/tou pro\s th=| a)mblei/a| gwni/a|: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *)en toi=s o)cugwni/ois trigw/nois to\ a)po\ th=s th\n o)cei=an gwni/an u(poteinou/shs pleura=s tetra/gwnon e)/latto/n e)sti tw=n a)po\ tw=n th\n o)cei=an gwni/an periexousw=n pleurw=n tetragw/nwn tw=| periexome/nw| di\s u(po/ te mia=s tw=n peri\ th\n o)cei=an gwni/an, e)f' h(\n h( ka/qetos pi/ptei, kai\ th=s a)po- lambanome/nhs e)nto\s u(po\ th=s kaqe/tou pro\s th=| o)cei/a| gwni/a|. *)/estw o)cugw/nion tri/gwnon to\ *a*b*g o)cei=an e)/xon th\n pro\s tw=| *b gwni/an, kai\ h)/xqw a)po\ tou= *a shmei/ou e)pi\ th\n *b*g ka/qetos h( *a*d: le/gw, o(/ti to\ a)po\ th=s *a*g tetra/gwnon e)/latto/n e)sti tw=n a)po\ tw=n *g*b, *b*a tetragw/nwn tw=| di\s u(po\ tw=n *g*b, *b*d periexome/nw| o)rqogwni/w|. *)epei\ ga\r eu)qei=a h( *g*b te/tmhtai, w(s e)/tuxen, kata\ to\ *d, ta\ a)/ra a)po\ tw=n *g*b, *b*d tetra/gwna i)/sa e)sti\ tw=| te di\s u(po\ tw=n *g*b, *b*d periexome/nw| o)rqogwni/w| kai\ tw=| a)po\ th=s *d*g tetragw/nw|. koino\n proskei/sqw to\ a)po\ th=s *d*a tetra/gwnon: ta\ a)/ra a)po\ tw=n *g*b, *b*d, *d*a tetra/- gwna i)/sa e)sti\ tw=| te di\s u(po\ tw=n *g*b, *b*d periexome/nw| o)rqogwni/w| kai\ toi=s a)po\ tw=n *a*d, *d*g tetragw/nois. a)lla\ toi=s me\n a)po\ tw=n *b*d, *d*a i)/son to\ a)po\ th=s *a*b: o)rqh\ ga\r h( pro\s tw=| *d gwni/a|: toi=s de\ a)po\ tw=n *a*d, *d*g i)/son to\ a)po\ th=s *a*g: ta\ a)/ra a)po\ tw=n *g*b, *b*a i)/sa e)sti\ tw=| te a)po\ th=s *a*g kai\ tw=| di\s u(po\ tw=n *g*b, *b*d: w(/ste mo/non to\ a)po\ th=s *a*g e)/latto/n e)sti tw=n a)po\ tw=n *g*b, *b*a tetragw/nwn tw=| di\s u(po\ tw=n *g*b, *b*d periexome/nw| o)rqogwni/w|. *)en a)/ra toi=s o)cugwni/ois trigw/nois to\ a)po\ th=s th\n o)cei=an gwni/an u(poteinou/shs pleura=s tetra/gwnon e)/latto/n e)sti tw=n a)po\ tw=n th\n o)cei=an gwni/an periexousw=n pleurw=n tetragw/nwn tw=| periexome/nw| di\s u(po/ te mia=s tw=n peri\ th\n o)cei=an gwni/an, e)f' h(\n h( ka/qetos pi/ptei, kai\ th=s a)polambanome/nhs e)nto\s u(po\ th=s kaqe/tou pro\s th=| o)cei/a| gwni/a|: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *tw=| doqe/nti eu)qugra/mmw| i)/son tetra/gwnon susth/sasqai. *)/estw to\ doqe\n eu)qu/grammon to\ *a: dei= dh\ tw=| *a eu)qu- gra/mmw| i)/son tetra/gwnon susth/sasqai. *sunesta/tw ga\r tw=| *a eu)qugra/mmw| i)/son parallhlo/- grammon o)rqogw/nion to\ *b*d: ei) me\n ou)=n i)/sh e)sti\n h( *b*e th=| *e*d, gegono\s a)\n ei)/h to\ e)pitaxqe/n. sune/statai ga\r tw=| *a eu)qugra/mmw| i)/son tetra/gwnon to\ *b*d: ei) de\ ou)/, mi/a tw=n *b*e, *e*d mei/zwn e)sti/n. e)/stw mei/zwn h( *b*e, kai\ e)kbeblh/sqw e)pi\ to\ *z, kai\ kei/sqw th=| *e*d i)/sh h( *e*z, kai\ tetmh/sqw h( *b*z di/xa kata\ to\ *h, kai\ ke/ntrw| tw=| *h, diasth/mati de\ e(ni\ tw=n *h*b, *h*z h(miku/klion gegra/fqw to\ *b*q*z, kai\ e)kbeblh/sqw h( *d*e e)pi\ to\ *q, kai\ e)pezeu/xqw h( *h*q. *)epei\ ou)=n eu)qei=a h( *b*z te/tmhtai ei)s me\n i)/sa kata\ to\ *h, ei)s de\ a)/nisa kata\ to\ *e, to\ a)/ra u(po\ tw=n *b*e, *e*z peri- exo/menon o)rqogw/nion meta\ tou= a)po\ th=s *e*h tetragw/nou i)/son e)sti\ tw=| a)po\ th=s *h*z tetragw/nw|. i)/sh de\ h( *h*z th=| *h*q: to\ a)/ra u(po\ tw=n *b*e, *e*z meta\ tou= a)po\ th=s *h*e i)/son e)sti\ tw=| a)po\ th=s *h*q. tw=| de\ a)po\ th=s *h*q i)/sa e)sti\ ta\ a)po\ tw=n *q*e, *e*h tetra/gwna: to\ a)/ra u(po\ tw=n *b*e, *e*z meta\ tou= a)po\ *h*e i)/sa e)sti\ toi=s a)po\ tw=n *q*e, *e*h. koi- no\n a)fh|rh/sqw to\ a)po\ th=s *h*e tetra/gwnon: loipo\n a)/ra to\ u(po\ tw=n *b*e, *e*z periexo/menon o)rqogw/nion i)/son e)sti\ tw=| a)po\ th=s *e*q tetragw/nw|. a)lla\ to\ u(po\ tw=n *b*e, *e*z to\ *b*d e)stin: i)/sh ga\r h( *e*z th=| *e*d: to\ a)/ra *b*d parallhlo/- grammon i)/son e)sti\ tw=| a)po\ th=s *q*e tetragw/nw|. i)/son de\ to\ *b*d tw=| *a eu)qugra/mmw|. kai\ to\ *a a)/ra eu)qu/grammon i)/son e)sti\ tw=| a)po\ th=s *e*q a)nagrafhsome/nw| tetragw/nw|. *tw=| a)/ra doqe/nti eu)qugra/mmw| tw=| *a i)/son tetra/gwnon sun- e/statai to\ a)po\ th=s *e*q a)nagrafhso/menon: o(/per e)/dei poih=sai.

*)/isoi ku/kloi ei)si/n, w(=n ai( dia/metroi i)/sai ei)si/n, h)\ w(=n ai( e)k tw=n ke/ntrwn i)/sai ei)si/n. *eu)qei=a ku/klou e)fa/ptesqai le/getai, h(/tis a(ptome/nh tou= ku/klou kai\ e)kballome/nh ou) te/mnei to\n ku/klon. *ku/kloi e)fa/ptesqai a)llh/lwn le/gontai oi(/tines a(pto/- menoi a)llh/lwn ou) te/mnousin a)llh/lous. *)en ku/klw| i)/son a)pe/xein a)po\ tou= ke/ntrou eu)qei=ai le/gontai, o(/tan ai( a)po\ tou= ke/ntrou e)p' au)ta\s ka/qetoi a)go/menai i)/sai w)=sin. *mei=zon de\ a)pe/xein le/getai, e)f' h(\n h( mei/zwn ka/qetos pi/ptei. *tmh=ma ku/klou e)sti\ to\ periexo/menon sxh=ma u(po/ te eu)qei/as kai\ ku/klou periferei/as. *tmh/matos de\ gwni/a e)sti\n h( periexome/nh u(po/ te eu)qei/as kai\ ku/klou periferei/as. *)en tmh/mati de\ gwni/a e)sti/n, o(/tan e)pi\ th=s periferei/as tou= tmh/matos lhfqh=| ti shmei=on kai\ a)p' au)tou= e)pi\ ta\ pe/rata th=s eu)qei/as, h(/ e)sti ba/sis tou= tmh/matos, e)pizeu- xqw=sin eu)qei=ai, h( periexome/nh gwni/a u(po\ tw=n e)pizeu- xqeisw=n eu)qeiw=n. *(/otan de\ ai( perie/xousai th\n gwni/an eu)qei=ai a)po- lamba/nwsi/ tina perife/reian, e)p' e)kei/nhs le/getai bebh- ke/nai h( gwni/a. *tomeu\s de\ ku/klou e)sti/n, o(/tan pro\s tw=| ke/ntrw| tou= ku/klou sustaqh=| gwni/a, to\ periexo/menon sxh=ma u(po/ te tw=n th\n gwni/an periexousw=n eu)qeiw=n kai\ th=s a)polam- banome/nhs u(p' au)tw=n periferei/as. *(/omoia tmh/mata ku/klwn e)sti\ ta\ dexo/mena gwni/as i)/sas, h)\ e)n oi(=s ai( gwni/ai i)/sai a)llh/lais ei)si/n.

*tou= doqe/ntos ku/klou to\ ke/ntron eu(rei=n. *)/estw o( doqei\s ku/klos o( *a*b*g: dei= dh\ tou= *a*b*g ku/klou to\ ke/ntron eu(rei=n. *dih/xqw tis ei)s au)to/n, w(s e)/tuxen, eu)qei=a h( *a*b, kai\ tetmh/sqw di/xa kata\ to\ *d shmei=on, kai\ a)po\ tou= *d th=| *a*b pro\s o)rqa\s h)/xqw h( *d*g kai\ dih/xqw e)pi\ to\ *e, kai\ tetmh/sqw h( *g*e di/xa kata\ to\ *z: le/gw, o(/ti to\ *z ke/ntron e)sti\ tou= *a*b*g [ku/klou]. *mh\ ga/r, a)ll' ei) dunato/n, e)/stw to\ *h, kai\ e)pezeu/xqwsan ai( *h*a, *h*d, *h*b. kai\ e)pei\ i)/sh e)sti\n h( *a*d th=| *d*b, koinh\ de\ h( *d*h, du/o dh\ ai( *a*d, *d*h du/o tai=s *h*d, *d*b i)/sai ei)si\n e(kate/ra e(kate/ra|: kai\ ba/sis h( *h*a ba/sei th=| *h*b e)stin i)/sh: e)k ke/ntrou ga/r: gwni/a a)/ra h( u(po\ *a*d*h gwni/a| th=| u(po\ *h*d*b i)/sh e)sti/n. o(/tan de\ eu)qei=a e)p' eu)qei=an staqei=sa ta\s e)fech=s gwni/as i)/sas a)llh/lais poih=|, o)rqh\ e(kate/ra tw=n i)/swn gw- niw=n e)stin: o)rqh\ a)/ra e)sti\n h( u(po\ *h*d*b. e)sti\ de\ kai\ h( u(po\ *z*d*b o)rqh/: i)/sh a)/ra h( u(po\ *z*d*b th=| u(po\ *h*d*b, h( mei/zwn th=| e)la/ttoni: o(/per e)sti\n a)du/naton. ou)k a)/ra to\ *h ke/ntron e)sti\ tou= *a*b*g ku/klou. o(moi/ws dh\ dei/comen, o(/ti ou)d' a)/llo ti plh\n tou= *z. *to\ *z a)/ra shmei=on ke/ntron e)sti\ tou= *a*b*g [ku/klou]. *po/risma *)ek dh\ tou/tou fanero/n, o(/ti e)a\n e)n ku/klw| eu)qei=a/ tis eu)qei=a/n tina di/xa kai\ pro\s o)rqa\s te/mnh|, e)pi\ th=s temnou/- shs e)sti\ to\ ke/ntron tou= ku/klou: o(/per e)/dei poih=sai. *)ea\n ku/klou e)pi\ th=s periferei/as lhfqh=| du/o tuxo/nta shmei=a, h( e)pi\ ta\ shmei=a e)pizeugnume/nh eu)qei=a e)nto\s pesei=tai tou= ku/klou. *)/estw ku/klos o( *a*b*g, kai\ e)pi\ th=s periferei/as au)tou= ei)lh/fqw du/o tuxo/nta shmei=a ta\ *a, *b: le/gw, o(/ti h( a)po\ tou= *a e)pi\ to\ *b e)pizeugnume/nh eu)qei=a e)nto\s pesei=tai tou= ku/klou. *mh\ ga/r, a)ll' ei) dunato/n, pipte/tw e)kto\s w(s h( *a*e*b, kai\ ei)lh/fqw to\ ke/ntron tou= *a*b*g ku/klou, kai\ e)/stw to\ *d, kai\ e)pezeu/xqwsan ai( *d*a, *d*b, kai\ dih/xqw h( *d*z*e. *)epei\ ou)=n i)/sh e)sti\n h( *d*a th=| *d*b, i)/sh a)/ra kai\ gwni/a h( u(po\ *d*a*e th=| u(po\ *d*b*e: kai\ e)pei\ trigw/nou tou= *d*a*e mi/a pleura\ prosekbe/blhtai h( *a*e*b, mei/zwn a)/ra h( u(po\ *d*e*b gwni/a th=s u(po\ *d*a*e. i)/sh de\ h( u(po\ *d*a*e th=| u(po\ *d*b*e: mei/zwn a)/ra h( u(po\ *d*e*b th=s u(po\ *d*b*e. u(po\ de\ th\n mei/zona gwni/an h( mei/zwn pleura\ u(potei/nei: mei/zwn a)/ra h( *d*b th=s *d*e. i)/sh de\ h( *d*b th=| *d*z. mei/zwn a)/ra h( *d*z th=s *d*e h( e)la/ttwn th=s mei/zonos: o(/per e)sti\n a)du/naton. ou)k a)/ra h( a)po\ tou= *a e)pi\ to\ *b e)pizeugnume/nh eu)qei=a e)kto\s pesei=tai tou= ku/klou. o(moi/ws dh\ dei/comen, o(/ti ou)de\ e)p' au)th=s th=s periferei/as: e)nto\s a)/ra. *)ea\n a)/ra ku/klou e)pi\ th=s periferei/as lhfqh=| du/o tuxo/nta shmei=a, h( e)pi\ ta\ shmei=a e)pizeugnume/nh eu)qei=a e)nto\s pesei=- tai tou= ku/klou: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *)ea\n e)n ku/klw| eu)qei=a/ tis dia\ tou= ke/ntrou eu)qei=a/n tina mh\ dia\ tou= ke/ntrou di/xa te/mnh|, kai\ pro\s o)rqa\s au)th\n te/mnei: kai\ e)a\n pro\s o)rqa\s au)th\n te/mnh|, kai\ di/xa au)th\n te/mnei. *)/estw ku/klos o( *a*b*g, kai\ e)n au)tw=| eu)qei=a/ tis dia\ tou= ke/ntrou h( *g*d eu)qei=a/n tina mh\ dia\ tou= ke/ntrou th\n *a*b di/xa temne/tw kata\ to\ *z shmei=on: le/gw, o(/ti kai\ pro\s o)rqa\s au)th\n te/mnei. *ei)lh/fqw ga\r to\ ke/ntron tou= *a*b*g ku/klou, kai\ e)/stw to\ *e, kai\ e)pezeu/xqwsan ai( *e*a, *e*b. *kai\ e)pei\ i)/sh e)sti\n h( *a*z th=| *z*b, koinh\ de\ h( *z*e, du/o dusi\n i)/sai [ei)si/n]. kai\ ba/sis h( *e*a ba/sei th=| *e*b i)/sh: gwni/a a)/ra h( u(po\ *a*z*e gwni/a| th=| u(po\ *b*z*e i)/sh e)sti/n. o(/tan de\ eu)qei=a e)p' eu)qei=an staqei=sa ta\s e)fech=s gwni/as i)/sas a)llh/lais poih=|, o)rqh\ e(kate/ra tw=n i)/swn gwniw=n e)stin: e(kate/ra a)/ra tw=n u(po\ *a*z*e, *b*z*e o)rqh/ e)stin. h( *g*d a)/ra dia\ tou= ke/ntrou ou)=sa th\n *a*b mh\ dia\ tou= ke/ntrou ou)=san di/xa te/mnousa kai\ pro\s o)rqa\s te/mnei. *)alla\ dh\ h( *g*d th\n *a*b pro\s o)rqa\s temne/tw: le/gw, o(/ti kai\ di/xa au)th\n te/mnei, toute/stin, o(/ti i)/sh e)sti\n h( *a*z th=| *z*b. *tw=n ga\r au)tw=n kataskeuasqe/ntwn, e)pei\ i)/sh e)sti\n h( *e*a th=| *e*b, i)/sh e)sti\ kai\ gwni/a h( u(po\ *e*a*z th=| u(po\ *e*b*z. e)sti\ de\ kai\ o)rqh\ h( u(po\ *a*z*e o)rqh=| th=| u(po\ *b*z*e i)/sh: du/o a)/ra tri/gwna/ e)sti ta\ *e*a*z, *e*z*b ta\s du/o gwni/as dusi\ gwni/ais i)/sas e)/xonta kai\ mi/an pleura\n mia=| pleura=| i)/shn koinh\n au)tw=n th\n *e*z u(potei/nou- san u(po\ mi/an tw=n i)/swn gwniw=n: kai\ ta\s loipa\s a)/ra pleura\s tai=s loipai=s pleurai=s i)/sas e(/cei: i)/sh a)/ra h( *a*z th=| *z*b. *)ea\n a)/ra e)n ku/klw| eu)qei=a/ tis dia\ tou= ke/ntrou eu)qei=a/n tina mh\ dia\ tou= ke/ntrou di/xa te/mnh|, kai\ pro\s o)rqa\s au)- th\n te/mnei: kai\ e)a\n pro\s o)rqa\s au)th\n te/mnh|, kai\ di/xa au)th\n te/mnei: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *)ea\n e)n ku/klw| du/o eu)qei=ai te/mnwsin a)llh/las mh\ dia\ tou= ke/ntrou ou)=sai, ou) te/mnousin a)llh/las di/xa. *)/estw ku/klos o( *a*b*g*d, kai\ e)n au)tw=| du/o eu)qei=ai ai( *a*g, *b*d temne/twsan a)llh/- las kata\ to\ *e mh\ dia\ tou= ke/ntrou ou)=sai: le/gw, o(/ti ou) te/mnousin a)llh/las di/xa. *ei) ga\r dunato/n, temne/twsan a)llh/las di/xa w(/ste i)/shn ei)=nai th\n me\n *a*e th=| *e*g, th\n de\ *b*e th=| *e*d: kai\ ei)lh/fqw to\ ke/ntron tou= *a*b*g*d ku/klou, kai\ e)/stw to\ *z, kai\ e)pezeu/xqw h( *z*e. *)epei\ ou)=n eu)qei=a/ tis dia\ tou= ke/ntrou h( *z*e eu)qei=a/n tina mh\ dia\ tou= ke/ntrou th\n *a*g di/xa te/mnei, kai\ pro\s o)rqa\s au)th\n te/mnei: o)rqh\ a)/ra e)sti\n h( u(po\ *z*e*a: pa/lin, e)pei\ eu)qei=a/ tis h( *z*e eu)qei=a/n tina th\n *b*d di/xa te/mnei, kai\ pro\s o)rqa\s au)th\n te/mnei: o)rqh\ a)/ra h( u(po\ *z*e*b. e)dei/xqh de\ kai\ h( u(po\ *z*e*a o)rqh/: i)/sh a)/ra h( u(po\ *z*e*a th=| u(po\ *z*e*b h( e)la/ttwn th=| mei/zoni: o(/per e)sti\n a)du/naton. ou)k a)/ra ai( *a*g, *b*d te/mnousin a)llh/las di/xa. *)ea\n a)/ra e)n ku/klw| du/o eu)qei=ai te/mnwsin a)llh/las mh\ dia\ tou= ke/ntrou ou)=sai, ou) te/mnousin a)llh/las di/xa: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *)ea\n du/o ku/kloi te/mnwsin a)llh/lous, ou)k e)/stai au)tw=n to\ au)to\ ke/ntron. *du/o ga\r ku/kloi oi( *a*b*g, *g*d*h temne/twsan a)llh/lous kata\ ta\ *b, *g shmei=a. le/gw, o(/ti ou)k e)/stai au)tw=n to\ au)to\ ke/ntron. *ei) ga\r dunato/n, e)/stw to\ *e, kai\ e)pezeu/xqw h( *e*g, kai\ dih/xqw h( *e*z*h, w(s e)/tuxen. kai\ e)pei\ to\ *e shmei=on ke/n- tron e)sti\ tou= *a*b*g ku/klou, i)/sh e)sti\n h( *e*g th=| *e*z. pa/lin, e)pei\ to\ *e shmei=on ke/ntron e)sti\ tou= *g*d*h ku/klou, i)/sh e)sti\n h( *e*g th=| *e*h: e)dei/xqh de\ h( *e*g kai\ th=| *e*z i)/sh: kai\ h( *e*z a)/ra th=| *e*h e)stin i)/sh h( e)la/sswn th=| mei/zoni: o(/per e)sti\n a)du/naton. ou)k a)/ra to\ *e shmei=on ke/ntron e)sti\ tw=n *a*b*g, *g*d*h ku/klwn. *)ea\n a)/ra du/o ku/kloi te/mnwsin a)llh/lous, ou)k e)/stin au)tw=n to\ au)to\ ke/ntron: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *)ea\n du/o ku/kloi e)fa/ptwntai a)llh/lwn, ou)k e)/stai au)tw=n to\ au)to\ ke/ntron. *du/o ga\r ku/kloi oi( *a*b*g, *g*d*e e)fapte/sqwsan a)llh/lwn kata\ to\ *g shmei=on: le/gw, o(/ti ou)k e)/stai au)tw=n to\ au)to\ ke/ntron. *ei) ga\r dunato/n, e)/stw to\ *z, kai\ e)pezeu/xqw h( *z*g, kai\ dih/xqw, w(s e)/tuxen, h( *z*e*b. *)epei\ ou)=n to\ *z shmei=on ke/ntron e)sti\ tou= *a*b*g ku/klou, i)/sh e)sti\n h( *z*g th=| *z*b. pa/lin, e)pei\ to\ *z shmei=on ke/n- tron e)sti\ tou= *g*d*e ku/klou, i)/sh e)sti\n h( *z*g th=| *z*e. e)dei/xqh de\ h( *z*g th=| *z*b i)/sh: kai\ h( *z*e a)/ra th=| *z*b e)stin i)/sh, h( e)la/ttwn th=| mei/zoni: o(/per e)sti\n a)du/na- ton. ou)k a)/ra to\ *z shmei=on ke/ntron e)sti\ tw=n *a*b*g, *g*d*e ku/klwn. *)ea\n a)/ra du/o ku/kloi e)fa/ptwntai a)llh/lwn, ou)k e)/stai au)tw=n to\ au)to\ ke/ntron: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *)ea\n ku/klou e)pi\ th=s diame/trou lhfqh=| ti shmei=on, o(\ mh/ e)sti ke/ntron tou= ku/klou, a)po\ de\ tou= shmei/ou pro\s to\n ku/klon prospi/ptwsin eu)qei=ai/ tines, megi/sth me\n e)/stai, e)f' h(=s to\ ke/ntron, e)laxi/sth de\ h( loiph/, tw=n de\ a)/llwn a)ei\ h( e)/ggion th=s dia\ tou= ke/ntrou th=s a)pw/teron mei/zwn e)sti/n, du/o de\ mo/non i)/sai a)po\ tou= shmei/ou prospesou=ntai pro\s to\n ku/klon e)f' e(ka/tera th=s e)laxi/sths. *)/estw ku/klos o( *a*b*g*d, dia/metros de\ au)tou= e)/stw h( *a*d, kai\ e)pi\ th=s *a*d ei)lh/fqw ti shmei=on to\ *z, o(\ mh/ e)sti ke/ntron tou= ku/klou, ke/ntron de\ tou= ku/klou e)/stw to\ *e, kai\ a)po\ tou= *z pro\s to\n *a*b*g*d ku/klon prospipte/twsan eu)qei=ai/ tines ai( *z*b, *z*g, *z*h: le/gw, o(/ti megi/sth me/n e)stin h( *z*a, e)laxi/sth de\ h( *z*d, tw=n de\ a)/llwn h( me\n *z*b th=s *z*g mei/zwn, h( de\ *z*g th=s *z*h. *)epezeu/xqwsan ga\r ai( *b*e, *g*e, *h*e. kai\ e)pei\ panto\s trigw/nou ai( du/o pleurai\ th=s loiph=s mei/zone/s ei)sin, ai( a)/ra *e*b, *e*z th=s *b*z mei/zone/s ei)sin. i)/sh de\ h( *a*e th=| *b*e [ai( a)/ra *b*e, *e*z i)/sai ei)si\ th=| *a*z]: mei/zwn a)/ra h( *a*z th=s *b*z. pa/lin, e)pei\ i)/sh e)sti\n h( *b*e th=| *g*e, koinh\ de\ h( *z*e, du/o dh\ ai( *b*e, *e*z dusi\ tai=s *g*e, *e*z i)/sai ei)si/n. a)lla\ kai\ gwni/a h( u(po\ *b*e*z gwni/as th=s u(po\ *g*e*z mei/zwn. ba/sis a)/ra h( *b*z ba/sews th=s *g*z mei/zwn e)sti/n. dia\ ta\ au)ta\ dh\ kai\ h( *g*z th=s *z*h mei/zwn e)sti/n. *pa/lin, e)pei\ ai( *h*z, *z*e th=s *e*h mei/zone/s ei)sin, i)/sh de\ h( *e*h th=| *e*d, ai( a)/ra *h*z, *z*e th=s *e*d mei/zone/s ei)sin. koinh\ a)fh|rh/sqw h( *e*z: loiph\ a)/ra h( *h*z loiph=s th=s *z*d mei/zwn e)sti/n. megi/sth me\n a)/ra h( *z*a, e)laxi/sth de\ h( *z*d, mei/zwn de\ h( me\n *z*b th=s *z*g, h( de\ *z*g th=s *z*h. *le/gw, o(/ti kai\ a)po\ tou= *z shmei/ou du/o mo/non i)/sai pros- pesou=ntai pro\s to\n *a*b*g*d ku/klon e)f' e(ka/tera th=s *z*d e)laxi/sths. sunesta/tw ga\r pro\s th=| *e*z eu)qei/a| kai\ tw=| pro\s au)th=| shmei/w| tw=| *e th=| u(po\ *h*e*z gwni/a| i)/sh h( u(po\ *z*e*q, kai\ e)pezeu/xqw h( *z*q. e)pei\ ou)=n i)/sh e)sti\n h( *h*e th=| *e*q, koinh\ de\ h( *e*z, du/o dh\ ai( *h*e, *e*z dusi\ tai=s *q*e, *e*z i)/sai ei)si/n: kai\ gwni/a h( u(po\ *h*e*z gwni/a| th=| u(po\ *q*e*z i)/sh: ba/sis a)/ra h( *z*h ba/sei th=| *z*q i)/sh e)sti/n. le/gw dh/, o(/ti th=| *z*h a)/llh i)/sh ou) prospesei=tai pro\s to\n ku/klon a)po\ tou= *z shmei/ou. ei) ga\r dunato/n, prospipte/tw h( *z*k. kai\ e)pei\ h( *z*k th=| *z*h i)/sh e)sti/n, a)lla\ h( *z*q th=| *z*h [i)/sh e)sti/n], kai\ h( *z*k a)/ra th=| *z*q e)stin i)/sh, h( e)/ggion th=s dia\ tou= ke/n- trou th=| a)pw/teron i)/sh: o(/per a)du/naton. ou)k a)/ra a)po\ tou= *z shmei/ou e(te/ra tis prospesei=tai pro\s to\n ku/klon i)/sh th=| *h*z: mi/a a)/ra mo/nh. *)ea\n a)/ra ku/klou e)pi\ th=s diame/trou lhfqh=| ti shmei=on, o(\ mh/ e)sti ke/ntron tou= ku/klou, a)po\ de\ tou= shmei/ou pro\s to\n ku/klon prospi/ptwsin eu)qei=ai/ tines, megi/sth me\n e)/stai, e)f' h(=s to\ ke/ntron, e)laxi/sth de\ h( loiph/, tw=n de\ a)/llwn a)ei\ h( e)/ggion th=s dia\ tou= ke/ntrou th=s a)pw/teron mei/zwn e)sti/n, du/o de\ mo/non i)/sai a)po\ tou= au)tou= shmei/ou prospesou=ntai pro\s to\n ku/klon e)f' e(ka/tera th=s e)laxi/- sths: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *)ea\n ku/klou lhfqh=| ti shmei=on e)kto/s, a)po\ de\ tou= sh- mei/ou pro\s to\n ku/klon diaxqw=sin eu)qei=ai/ tines, w(=n mi/a me\n dia\ tou= ke/ntrou, ai( de\ loipai/, w(s e)/tuxen, tw=n me\n pro\s th\n koi/lhn perife/reian prospiptousw=n eu)qeiw=n megi/sth me/n e)stin h( dia\ tou= ke/ntrou, tw=n de\ a)/llwn a)ei\ h( e)/ggion th=s dia\ tou= ke/ntrou th=s a)pw/teron mei/zwn e)sti/n, tw=n de\ pro\s th\n kurth\n perife/reian prospiptousw=n eu)qeiw=n e)laxi/sth me/n e)stin h( metacu\ tou= te shmei/ou kai\ th=s diame/trou, tw=n de\ a)/llwn a)ei\ h( e)/ggion th=s e)laxi/sths th=s a)pw/tero/n e)stin e)la/ttwn, du/o de\ mo/non i)/sai a)po\ tou= shmei/ou prospesou=n- tai pro\s to\n ku/klon e)f' e(ka/tera th=s e)laxi/sths. *)/estw ku/klos o( *a*b*g, kai\ tou= *a*b*g ei)lh/fqw ti shmei=on e)kto\s to\ *d, kai\ a)p' au)tou= dih/xqwsan eu)qei=ai/ tines ai( *d*a, *d*e, *d*z, *d*g, e)/stw de\ h( *d*a dia\ tou= ke/ntrou. le/gw, o(/ti tw=n me\n pro\s th\n *a*e*z*g koi/lhn perife/reian prospiptousw=n eu)qeiw=n me- gi/sth me/n e)stin h( dia\ tou= ke/ntrou h( *d*a, mei/zwn de\ h( me\n *d*e th=s *d*z h( de\ *d*z th=s *d*g, tw=n de\ pro\s th\n *q*l*k*h kurth\n perife/reian prospiptousw=n eu)qeiw=n e)laxi/sth me/n e)stin h( *d*h h( metacu\ tou= shmei/ou kai\ th=s diame/trou th=s *a*h, a)ei\ de\ h( e)/ggion th=s *d*h e)laxi/sths e)la/ttwn e)sti\ th=s a)pw/teron, h( me\n *d*k th=s *d*l, h( de\ *d*l th=s *d*q. *ei)lh/fqw ga\r to\ ke/ntron tou= *a*b*g ku/klou kai\ e)/stw to\ *m: kai\ e)pezeu/xqwsan ai( *m*e, *m*z, *m*g, *m*k, *m*l, *m*q. *kai\ e)pei\ i)/sh e)sti\n h( *a*m th=| *e*m, koinh\ proskei/sqw h( *m*d: h( a)/ra *a*d i)/sh e)sti\ tai=s *e*m, *m*d. a)ll' ai( *e*m, *m*d th=s *e*d mei/zone/s ei)sin: kai\ h( *a*d a)/ra th=s *e*d mei/- zwn e)sti/n. pa/lin, e)pei\ i)/sh e)sti\n h( *m*e th=| *m*z, koinh\ de\ h( *m*d, ai( *e*m, *m*d a)/ra tai=s *z*m, *m*d i)/sai ei)si/n: kai\ gwni/a h( u(po\ *e*m*d gwni/as th=s u(po\ *z*m*d mei/zwn e)sti/n. ba/sis a)/ra h( *e*d ba/sews th=s *z*d mei/zwn e)sti/n. o(moi/ws dh\ dei/comen, o(/ti kai\ h( *z*d th=s *g*d mei/zwn e)sti/n: megi/sth me\n a)/ra h( *d*a, mei/zwn de\ h( me\n *d*e th=s *d*z, h( de\ *d*z th=s *d*g. *kai\ e)pei\ ai( *m*k, *k*d th=s *m*d mei/zone/s ei)sin, i)/sh de\ h( *m*h th=| *m*k, loiph\ a)/ra h( *k*d loiph=s th=s *h*d mei/zwn e)sti/n: w(/ste h( *h*d th=s *k*d e)la/ttwn e)sti/n: kai\ e)pei\ tri- gw/nou tou= *m*l*d e)pi\ mia=s tw=n pleurw=n th=s *m*d du/o eu)qei=ai e)nto\s sunesta/qhsan ai( *m*k, *k*d, ai( a)/ra *m*k, *k*d tw=n *m*l, *l*d e)la/ttone/s ei)sin: i)/sh de\ h( *m*k th=| *m*l: loiph\ a)/ra h( *d*k loiph=s th=s *d*l e)la/ttwn e)sti/n. o(moi/ws dh\ dei/comen, o(/ti kai\ h( *d*l th=s *d*q e)la/ttwn e)sti/n: e)laxi/- sth me\n a)/ra h( *d*h, e)la/ttwn de\ h( me\n *d*k th=s *d*l h( de\ *d*l th=s *d*q. *le/gw, o(/ti kai\ du/o mo/non i)/sai a)po\ tou= *d shmei/ou pros- pesou=ntai pro\s to\n ku/klon e)f' e(ka/tera th=s *d*h e)laxi/- sths: sunesta/tw pro\s th=| *m*d eu)qei/a| kai\ tw=| pro\s au)th=| shmei/w| tw=| *m th=| u(po\ *k*m*d gwni/a| i)/sh gwni/a h( u(po\ *d*m*b kai\ e)pezeu/xqw h( *d*b. kai\ e)pei\ i)/sh e)sti\n h( *m*k th=| *m*b, koinh\ de\ h( *m*d, du/o dh\ ai( *k*m, *m*d du/o tai=s *b*m, *m*d i)/sai ei)si\n e(kate/ra e(kate/ra|: kai\ gwni/a h( u(po\ *k*m*d gwni/a| th=| u(po\ *b*m*d i)/sh: ba/sis a)/ra h( *d*k ba/sei th=| *d*b i)/sh e)sti/n. le/gw [dh/], o(/ti th=| *d*k eu)qei/a| a)/llh i)/sh ou) prospesei=- tai pro\s to\n ku/klon a)po\ tou= *d shmei/ou. ei) ga\r dunato/n, prospipte/tw kai\ e)/stw h( *d*n. e)pei\ ou)=n h( *d*k th=| *d*n e)stin i)/sh, a)ll' h( *d*k th=| *d*b e)stin i)/sh, kai\ h( *d*b a)/ra th=| *d*n e)stin i)/sh, h( e)/ggion th=s *d*h e)laxi/sths th=| a)pw/teron [e)stin] i)/sh: o(/per a)du/naton e)dei/xqh. ou)k a)/ra plei/ous h)\ du/o i)/sai pro\s to\n *a*b*g ku/klon a)po\ tou= *d shmei/ou e)f' e(ka/tera th=s *d*h e)laxi/sths prospesou=ntai. *)ea\n a)/ra ku/klou lhfqh=| ti shmei=on e)kto/s, a)po\ de\ tou= shmei/ou pro\s to\n ku/klon diaxqw=sin eu)qei=ai/ tines, w(=n mi/a me\n dia\ tou= ke/ntrou ai( de\ loipai/, w(s e)/tuxen, tw=n me\n pro\s th\n koi/lhn perife/reian prospiptousw=n eu)qeiw=n megi/sth me/n e)stin h( dia\ tou= ke/ntrou, tw=n de\ a)/llwn a)ei\ h( e)/ggion th=s dia\ tou= ke/ntrou th=s a)pw/teron mei/zwn e)sti/n, tw=n de\ pro\s th\n kurth\n perife/reian prospiptousw=n eu)qeiw=n e)laxi/sth me/n e)stin h( metacu\ tou= te shmei/ou kai\ th=s diame/trou, tw=n de\ a)/llwn a)ei\ h( e)/ggion th=s e)laxi/sths th=s a)pw/tero/n e)stin e)la/ttwn, du/o de\ mo/non i)/sai a)po\ tou= shmei/ou prospesou=ntai pro\s to\n ku/klon e)f' e(ka/tera th=s e)laxi/sths: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *)ea\n ku/klou lhfqh=| ti shmei=on e)nto/s, a)po\ de\ tou= shmei/ou pro\s to\n ku/klon prospi/ptwsi plei/ous h)\ du/o i)/sai eu)qei=ai, to\ lhfqe\n shmei=on ke/ntron e)sti\ tou= ku/klou. *)/estw ku/klos o( *a*b*g, e)nto\s de\ au)tou= shmei=on to\ *d, kai\ a)po\ tou= *d pro\s to\n *a*b*g ku/klon prospipte/twsan plei/ous h)\ du/o i)/sai eu)qei=ai ai( *d*a, *d*b, *d*g: le/gw, o(/ti to\ *d shmei=on ke/ntron e)sti\ tou= *a*b*g ku/klou. *)epezeu/xqwsan ga\r ai( *a*b, *b*g kai\ tetmh/sqwsan di/xa kata\ ta\ *e, *z shmei=a, kai\ e)pizeuxqei=sai ai( *e*d, *z*d dih/xqwsan e)pi\ ta\ *h, *k, *q, *l shmei=a. *)epei\ ou)=n i)/sh e)sti\n h( *a*e th=| *e*b, koinh\ de\ h( *e*d, du/o dh\ ai( *a*e, *e*d du/o tai=s *b*e, *e*d i)/sai ei)si/n: kai\ ba/sis h( *d*a ba/sei th=| *d*b i)/sh: gwni/a a)/ra h( u(po\ *a*e*d gwni/a| th=| u(po\ *b*e*d i)/sh e)sti/n: o)rqh\ a)/ra e(kate/ra tw=n u(po\ *a*e*d, *b*e*d gwniw=n: h( *h*k a)/ra th\n *a*b te/mnei di/xa kai\ pro\s o)rqa/s. kai\ e)pei/, e)a\n e)n ku/klw| eu)qei=a/ tis eu)qei=a/n tina di/xa te kai\ pro\s o)rqa\s te/mnh|, e)pi\ th=s temnou/shs e)sti\ to\ ke/ntron tou= ku/klou, e)pi\ th=s *h*k a)/ra e)sti\ to\ ke/ntron tou= ku/klou. dia\ ta\ au)ta\ dh\ kai\ e)pi\ th=s *q*l e)sti to\ ke/ntron tou= *a*b*g ku/klou. kai\ ou)de\n e(/teron koino\n e)/xousin ai( *h*k, *q*l eu)qei=ai h)\ to\ *d shmei=on: to\ *d a)/ra shmei=on ke/ntron e)sti\ tou= *a*b*g ku/klou. *)ea\n a)/ra ku/klou lhfqh=| ti shmei=on e)nto/s, a)po\ de\ tou= shmei/ou pro\s to\n ku/klon prospi/ptwsi plei/ous h)\ du/o i)/sai eu)qei=ai, to\ lhfqe\n shmei=on ke/ntron e)sti\ tou= ku/klou: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *ku/klos ku/klon ou) te/mnei kata\ plei/ona shmei=a h)\ du/o. *ei) ga\r dunato/n, ku/klos o( *a*b*g ku/klon to\n *d*e*z temne/tw kata\ plei/ona shmei=a h)\ du/o ta\ *b, *h, *z, *q, kai\ e)pizeuxqei=sai ai( *b*q, *b*h di/xa temne/sqwsan kata\ ta\ *k, *l shmei=a: kai\ a)po\ tw=n *k, *l tai=s *b*q, *b*h pro\s o)rqa\s a)xqei=sai ai( *k*g, *l*m dih/xqwsan e)pi\ ta\ *a, *e shmei=a. *)epei\ ou)=n e)n ku/klw| tw=| *a*b*g eu)qei=a/ tis h( *a*g eu)- qei=a/n tina th\n *b*q di/xa kai\ pro\s o)rqa\s te/mnei, e)pi\ th=s *a*g a)/ra e)sti\ to\ ke/ntron tou= *a*b*g ku/klou. pa/lin, e)pei\ e)n ku/klw| tw=| au)tw=| tw=| *a*b*g eu)qei=a/ tis h( *n*c eu)qei=a/n tina th\n *b*h di/xa kai\ pro\s o)rqa\s te/mnei, e)pi\ th=s *n*c a)/ra e)sti\ to\ ke/ntron tou= *a*b*g ku/klou. e)dei/xqh de\ kai\ e)pi\ th=s *a*g, kai\ kat' ou)de\n sumba/llousin ai( *a*g, *n*c eu)qei=ai h)\ kata\ to\ *o: to\ *o a)/ra shmei=on ke/ntron e)sti\ tou= *a*b*g ku/klou. o(moi/ws dh\ dei/comen, o(/ti kai\ tou= *d*e*z ku/klou ke/ntron e)sti\ to\ *o: du/o a)/ra ku/klwn temno/ntwn a)llh/lous tw=n *a*b*g, *d*e*z to\ au)to/ e)sti ke/ntron to\ *o: o(/per e)sti\n a)du/naton. *ou)k a)/ra ku/klos ku/klon te/mnei kata\ plei/ona shmei=a h)\ du/o: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *)ea\n du/o ku/kloi e)fa/ptwntai a)llh/lwn e)nto/s, kai\ lhfqh=| au)tw=n ta\ ke/ntra, h( e)pi\ ta\ ke/ntra au)tw=n e)pizeugnume/nh eu)qei=a kai\ e)kballome/nh e)pi\ th\n sunafh\n pesei=tai tw=n ku/klwn. *du/o ga\r ku/kloi oi( *a*b*g, *a*d*e e)fapte/sqwsan a)llh/- lwn e)nto\s kata\ to\ *a shmei=on, kai\ ei)lh/fqw tou= me\n *a*b*g ku/klou ke/ntron to\ *z, tou= de\ *a*d*e to\ *h: le/gw, o(/ti h( a)po\ tou= *h e)pi\ to\ *z e)pizeugnume/nh eu)qei=a e)kballome/nh e)pi\ to\ *a pesei=tai. *mh\ ga/r, a)ll' ei) dunato/n, pipte/tw w(s h( *z*h*q, kai\ e)pezeu/xqwsan ai( *a*z, *a*h. *)epei\ ou)=n ai( *a*h, *h*z th=s *z*a, toute/sti th=s *z*q, mei/- zone/s ei)sin, koinh\ a)fh|rh/sqw h( *z*h: loiph\ a)/ra h( *a*h loiph=s th=s *h*q mei/zwn e)sti/n. i)/sh de\ h( *a*h th=| *h*d: kai\ h( *h*d a)/ra th=s *h*q mei/zwn e)sti\n h( e)la/t- twn th=s mei/zonos: o(/per e)sti\n a)du/naton: ou)k a)/ra h( a)po\ tou= *z e)pi\ to\ *h e)pizeu- gnume/nh eu)qei=a e)kto\s pesei=tai: kata\ to\ *a a)/ra e)pi\ th=s sunafh=s pesei=tai. *)ea\n a)/ra du/o ku/kloi e)fa/ptwntai a)llh/- lwn e)nto/s, [kai\ lhfqh=| au)tw=n ta\ ke/ntra], h( e)pi\ ta\ ke/ntra au)tw=n e)pizeugnume/nh eu)qei=a [kai\ e)k- ballome/nh] e)pi\ th\n sunafh\n pesei=tai tw=n ku/klwn: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *)ea\n du/o ku/kloi e)fa/ptwntai a)llh/lwn e)kto/s, h( e)pi\ ta\ ke/ntra au)tw=n e)pizeugnume/nh dia\ th=s e)pafh=s e)leu/setai. *du/o ga\r ku/kloi oi( *a*b*g, *a*d*e e)fapte/sqwsan a)llh/- lwn e)kto\s kata\ to\ *a shmei=on, kai\ ei)lh/fqw tou= me\n *a*b*g ke/ntron to\ *z, tou= de\ *a*d*e to\ *h: le/gw, o(/ti h( a)po\ tou= *z e)pi\ to\ *h e)pizeugnume/nh eu)qei=a dia\ th=s kata\ to\ *a e)pafh=s e)leu/setai. *mh\ ga/r, a)ll' ei) dunato/n, e)rxe/sqw w(s h( *z*g*d*h, kai\ e)pezeu/xqwsan ai( *a*z, *a*h. *)epei\ ou)=n to\ *z shmei=on ke/ntron e)sti\ tou= *a*b*g ku/klou, i)/sh e)sti\n h( *z*a th=| *z*g. pa/lin, e)pei\ to\ *h shmei=on ke/ntron e)sti\ tou= *a*d*e ku/klou, i)/sh e)sti\n h( *h*a th=| *h*d. e)dei/xqh de\ kai\ h( *z*a th=| *z*g i)/sh: ai( a)/ra *z*a, *a*h tai=s *z*g, *h*d i)/sai ei)si/n: w(/ste o(/lh h( *z*h tw=n *z*a, *a*h mei/zwn e)sti/n: a)lla\ kai\ e)la/ttwn: o(/per e)sti\n a)du/naton. ou)k a)/ra h( a)po\ tou= *z e)pi\ to\ *h e)pizeugnume/nh eu)qei=a dia\ th=s kata\ to\ *a e)pafh=s ou)k e)leu/se- tai: di' au)th=s a)/ra. *)ea\n a)/ra du/o ku/kloi e)fa/ptwntai a)llh/lwn e)kto/s, h( e)pi\ ta\ ke/ntra au)tw=n e)pizeugnume/nh [eu)qei=a] dia\ th=s e)p- afh=s e)leu/setai: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *ku/klos ku/klou ou)k e)fa/ptetai kata\ plei/ona shmei=a h)\ kaq' e(/n, e)a/n te e)nto\s e)a/n te e)kto\s e)fa/pthtai. *ei) ga\r dunato/n, ku/klos o( *a*b*g*d ku/klou tou= *e*b*z*d e)fapte/sqw pro/teron e)nto\s kata\ plei/ona shmei=a h)\ e(\n ta\ *d, *b. *kai\ ei)lh/fqw tou= me\n *a*b*g*d ku/klou ke/ntron to\ *h, tou= de\ *e*b*z*d to\ *q. *(h a)/ra a)po\ tou= *h e)pi\ to\ *q e)pizeugnume/nh e)pi\ ta\ *b, *d pesei=tai. pipte/tw w(s h( *b*h*q*d. kai\ e)pei\ to\ *h shmei=on ke/ntron e)sti\ tou= *a*b*g*d ku/klou, i)/sh e)sti\n h( *b*h th=| *h*d: mei/zwn a)/ra h( *b*h th=s *q*d: pollw=| a)/ra mei/zwn h( *b*q th=s *q*d. pa/lin, e)pei\ to\ *q shmei=on ke/ntron e)sti\ tou= *e*b*z*d ku/klou, i)/sh e)sti\n h( *b*q th=| *q*d: e)dei/xqh de\ au)th=s kai\ pollw=| mei/zwn: o(/per a)du/naton: ou)k a)/ra ku/klos ku/klou e)fa/ptetai e)nto\s kata\ plei/ona shmei=a h)\ e(/n. *le/gw dh/, o(/ti ou)de\ e)kto/s. *ei) ga\r dunato/n, ku/klos o( *a*g*k ku/klou tou= *a*b*g*d e)fapte/sqw e)kto\s kata\ plei/ona shmei=a h)\ e(\n ta\ *a, *g, kai\ e)pezeu/xqw h( *a*g. *)epei\ ou)=n ku/klwn tw=n *a*b*g*d, *a*g*k ei)/lhptai e)pi\ th=s periferei/as e(kate/rou du/o tuxo/nta shmei=a ta\ *a, *g, h( e)pi\ ta\ shmei=a e)pizeugnume/nh eu)qei=a e)nto\s e(kate/rou pesei=tai: a)lla\ tou= me\n *a*b*g*d e)nto\s e)/pesen, tou= de\ *a*g*k e)kto/s: o(/per a)/topon: ou)k a)/ra ku/klos ku/klou e)fa/ptetai e)kto\s kata\ plei/ona shmei=a h)\ e(/n. e)dei/xqh de/, o(/ti ou)de\ e)nto/s. *ku/klos a)/ra ku/klou ou)k e)fa/ptetai kata\ plei/ona shmei=a h)\ [kaq'] e(/n, e)a/n te e)nto\s e)a/n te e)kto\s e)fa/pthtai: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *)en ku/klw| ai( i)/sai eu)qei=ai i)/son a)pe/xousin a)po\ tou= ke/ntrou, kai\ ai( i)/son a)pe/xousai a)po\ tou= ke/ntrou i)/sai a)llh/- lais ei)si/n. *)/estw ku/klos o( *a*b*g*d, kai\ e)n au)tw=| i)/sai eu)qei=ai e)/stw- san ai( *a*b, *g*d: le/gw, o(/ti ai( *a*b, *g*d i)/son a)pe/xousin a)po\ tou= ke/ntrou. *ei)lh/fqw ga\r to\ ke/ntron tou= *a*b*g*d ku/klou kai\ e)/stw to\ *e, kai\ a)po\ tou= *e e)pi\ ta\s *a*b, *g*d ka/qetoi h)/xqwsan ai( *e*z, *e*h, kai\ e)pezeu/xqwsan ai( *a*e, *e*g. *)epei\ ou)=n eu)qei=a/ tis dia\ tou= ke/ntrou h( *e*z eu)qei=a/n tina mh\ dia\ tou= ke/ntrou th\n *a*b pro\s o)rqa\s te/mnei, kai\ di/xa au)th\n te/mnei. i)/sh a)/ra h( *a*z th=| *z*b: diplh= a)/ra h( *a*b th=s *a*z. dia\ ta\ au)ta\ dh\ kai\ h( *g*d th=s *g*h e)sti diplh=: kai/ e)stin i)/sh h( *a*b th=| *g*d: i)/sh a)/ra kai\ h( *a*z th=| *g*h. kai\ e)pei\ i)/sh e)sti\n h( *a*e th=| *e*g, i)/son kai\ to\ a)po\ th=s *a*e tw=| a)po\ th=s *e*g. a)lla\ tw=| me\n a)po\ th=s *a*e i)/sa ta\ a)po\ tw=n *a*z, *e*z: o)rqh\ ga\r h( pro\s tw=| *z gwni/a: tw=| de\ a)po\ th=s *e*g i)/sa ta\ a)po\ tw=n *e*h, *h*g: o)rqh\ ga\r h( pro\s tw=| *h gwni/a: ta\ a)/ra a)po\ tw=n *a*z, *z*e i)/sa e)sti\ toi=s a)po\ tw=n *g*h, *h*e, w(=n to\ a)po\ th=s *a*z i)/son e)sti\ tw=| a)po\ th=s *g*h: i)/sh ga/r e)stin h( *a*z th=| *g*h: loipo\n a)/ra to\ a)po\ th=s *z*e tw=| a)po\ th=s *e*h i)/son e)sti/n: i)/sh a)/ra h( *e*z th=| *e*h. e)n de\ ku/klw| i)/son a)pe/xein a)po\ tou= ke/ntrou eu)qei=ai le/gontai, o(/tan ai( a)po\ tou= ke/n- trou e)p' au)ta\s ka/qetoi a)go/menai i)/sai w)=sin: ai( a)/ra *a*b, *g*d i)/son a)pe/xousin a)po\ tou= ke/ntrou. *)alla\ dh\ ai( *a*b, *g*d eu)qei=ai i)/son a)pexe/twsan a)po\ tou= ke/ntrou, toute/stin i)/sh e)/stw h( *e*z th=| *e*h. le/gw, o(/ti i)/sh e)sti\ kai\ h( *a*b th=| *g*d. *tw=n ga\r au)tw=n kataskeuasqe/ntwn o(moi/ws dei/comen, o(/ti diplh= e)stin h( me\n *a*b th=s *a*z, h( de\ *g*d th=s *g*h: kai\ e)pei\ i)/sh e)sti\n h( *a*e th=| *g*e, i)/son e)sti\ to\ a)po\ th=s *a*e tw=| a)po\ th=s *g*e: a)lla\ tw=| me\n a)po\ th=s *a*e i)/sa e)sti\ ta\ a)po\ tw=n *e*z, *z*a, tw=| de\ a)po\ th=s *g*e i)/sa ta\ a)po\ tw=n *e*h, *h*g. ta\ a)/ra a)po\ tw=n *e*z, *z*a i)/sa e)sti\ toi=s a)po\ tw=n *e*h, *h*g: w(=n to\ a)po\ th=s *e*z tw=| a)po\ th=s *e*h e)stin i)/son: i)/sh ga\r h( *e*z th=| *e*h: loipo\n a)/ra to\ a)po\ th=s *a*z i)/son e)sti\ tw=| a)po\ th=s *g*h: i)/sh a)/ra h( *a*z th=| *g*h: kai/ e)sti th=s me\n *a*z diplh= h( *a*b, th=s de\ *g*h diplh= h( *g*d: i)/sh a)/ra h( *a*b th=| *g*d. *)en ku/klw| a)/ra ai( i)/sai eu)qei=ai i)/son a)pe/xousin a)po\ tou= ke/ntrou, kai\ ai( i)/son a)pe/xousai a)po\ tou= ke/ntrou i)/sai a)llh/lais ei)si/n: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *)en ku/klw| megi/sth me\n h( dia/metros tw=n de\ a)/llwn a)ei\ h( e)/ggion tou= ke/ntrou th=s a)pw/teron mei/zwn e)sti/n. *)/estw ku/klos o( *a*b*g*d, dia/metros de\ au)tou= e)/stw h( *a*d, ke/ntron de\ to\ *e, kai\ e)/ggion me\n th=s *a*d diame/trou e)/stw h( *b*g, a)pw/teron de\ h( *z*h: le/gw, o(/ti megi/sth me/n e)stin h( *a*d, mei/zwn de\ h( *b*g th=s *z*h. *)/hxqwsan ga\r a)po\ tou= *e ke/ntrou e)pi\ ta\s *b*g, *z*h ka/qetoi ai( *e*q, *e*k. kai\ e)pei\ e)/ggion me\n tou= ke/ntrou e)sti\n h( *b*g, a)pw/teron de\ h( *z*h, mei/zwn a)/ra h( *e*k th=s *e*q. kei/sqw th=| *e*q i)/sh h( *e*l, kai\ dia\ tou= *l th=| *e*k pro\s o)rqa\s a)xqei=sa h( *l*m dih/xqw e)pi\ to\ *n, kai\ e)pezeu/- xqwsan ai( *m*e, *e*n, *z*e, *e*h. *kai\ e)pei\ i)/sh e)sti\n h( *e*q th=| *e*l, i)/sh e)sti\ kai\ h( *b*g th=| *m*n. pa/lin, e)pei\ i)/sh e)sti\n h( me\n *a*e th=| *e*m, h( de\ *e*d th=| *e*n, h( a)/ra *a*d tai=s *m*e, *e*n i)/sh e)sti/n. a)ll' ai( me\n *m*e, *e*n th=s *m*n mei/zone/s ei)sin [kai\ h( *a*d th=s *m*n mei/zwn e)sti/n, i)/sh de\ h( *m*n th=| *b*g: h( *a*d a)/ra th=s *b*g mei/- zwn e)sti/n. kai\ e)pei\ du/o ai( *m*e, *e*n du/o tai=s *z*e, *e*h i)/sai ei)si/n, kai\ gwni/a h( u(po\ *m*e*n gwni/as th=s u(po\ *z*e*h mei/zwn [e)sti/n], ba/sis a)/ra h( *m*n ba/sews th=s *z*h mei/zwn e)sti/n. a)lla\ h( *m*n th=| *b*g e)dei/xqh i)/sh [kai\ h( *b*g th=s *z*h mei/zwn e)sti/n]. megi/sth me\n a)/ra h( *a*d dia/metros, mei/zwn de\ h( *b*g th=s *z*h. *)en ku/klw| a)/ra megi/sth me/n e)stin h( dia/metros, tw=n de\ a)/llwn a)ei\ h( e)/ggion tou= ke/ntrou th=s a)pw/teron mei/zwn e)sti/n: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *(h th=| diame/trw| tou= ku/klou pro\s o)rqa\s a)p' a)/kras a)gome/nh e)kto\s pesei=tai tou= ku/klou, kai\ ei)s to\n metacu\ to/pon th=s te eu)qei/as kai\ th=s periferei/as e(te/ra eu)qei=a ou) parempesei=tai, kai\ h( me\n tou= h(mikukli/ou gwni/a a(pa/- shs gwni/as o)cei/as eu)qugra/mmou mei/zwn e)sti/n, h( de\ loiph\ e)la/ttwn. *)/estw ku/klos o( *a*b*g peri\ ke/ntron to\ *d kai\ dia/metron th\n *a*b: le/gw, o(/ti h( a)po\ tou= *a th=| *a*b pro\s o)rqa\s a)p' a)/kras a)gome/nh e)kto\s pesei=tai tou= ku/klou. *mh\ ga/r, a)ll' ei) dunato/n, pipte/tw e)nto\s w(s h( *g*a, kai\ e)pezeu/xqw h( *d*g. *)epei\ i)/sh e)sti\n h( *d*a th=| *d*g, i)/sh e)sti\ kai\ gwni/a h( u(po\ *d*a*g gwni/a| th=| u(po\ *a*g*d. o)rqh\ de\ h( u(po\ *d*a*g: o)rqh\ a)/ra kai\ h( u(po\ *a*g*d: trigw/nou dh\ tou= *a*g*d ai( du/o gwni/ai ai( u(po\ *d*a*g, *a*g*d du/o o)rqai=s i)/sai ei)si/n: o(/per e)sti\n a)du/- naton. ou)k a)/ra h( a)po\ tou= *a shmei/ou th=| *b*a pro\s o)rqa\s a)gome/nh e)nto\s pesei=tai tou= ku/klou. o(moi/ws dh\ dei/comen, o(/ti ou)d' e)pi\ th=s periferei/as: e)kto\s a)/ra. *pipte/tw w(s h( *a*e: le/gw dh/, o(/ti ei)s to\n metacu\ to/pon th=s te *a*e eu)qei/as kai\ th=s *g*q*a periferei/as e(te/ra eu)qei=a ou) parempesei=tai. *ei) ga\r dunato/n, parempipte/tw w(s h( *z*a, kai\ h)/xqw a)po\ tou= *d shmei/ou e)pi\ th\n *z*a ka/qetos h( *d*h. kai\ e)pei\ o)rqh/ e)stin h( u(po\ *a*h*d, e)la/ttwn de\ o)rqh=s h( u(po\ *d*a*h, mei/zwn a)/ra h( *a*d th=s *d*h. i)/sh de\ h( *d*a th=| *d*q: mei/zwn a)/ra h( *d*q th=s *d*h, h( e)la/ttwn th=s mei/zonos: o(/per e)sti\n a)du/naton. ou)k a)/ra ei)s to\n metacu\ to/pon th=s te eu)qei/as kai\ th=s periferei/as e(te/ra eu)qei=a parempesei=tai. *le/gw, o(/ti kai\ h( me\n tou= h(mikukli/ou gwni/a h( periexo- me/nh u(po/ te th=s *b*a eu)qei/as kai\ th=s *g*q*a periferei/as a(pa/shs gwni/as o)cei/as eu)qugra/mmou mei/zwn e)sti/n, h( de\ loiph\ h( periexome/nh u(po/ te th=s *g*q*a periferei/as kai\ th=s *a*e eu)qei/as a(pa/shs gwni/as o)cei/as eu)qugra/mmou e)la/ttwn e)sti/n. *ei) ga\r e)sti/ tis gwni/a eu)qu/grammos mei/zwn me\n th=s periexome/nhs u(po/ te th=s *b*a eu)qei/as kai\ th=s *g*q*a peri- ferei/as, e)la/ttwn de\ th=s periexome/nhs u(po/ te th=s *g*q*a periferei/as kai\ th=s *a*e eu)qei/as, ei)s to\n metacu\ to/pon th=s te *g*q*a periferei/as kai\ th=s *a*e eu)qei/as eu)qei=a perempesei=tai, h(/tis poih/sei mei/zona me\n th=s periexo- me/nhs u(po/ te th=s *b*a eu)qei/as kai\ th=s *g*q*a periferei/as u(po\ eu)qeiw=n periexome/nhn, e)la/ttona de\ th=s periexome/nhs u(po/ te th=s *g*q*a periferei/as kai\ th=s *a*e eu)qei/as. ou) parempi/ptei de/: ou)k a)/ra th=s periexome/nhs gwni/as u(po/ te th=s *b*a eu)qei/as kai\ th=s *g*q*a periferei/as e)/stai mei/- zwn o)cei=a u(po\ eu)qeiw=n periexome/nh, ou)de\ mh\n e)la/ttwn th=s periexome/nhs u(po/ te th=s *g*q*a periferei/as kai\ th=s *a*e eu)qei/as. *po/risma *)ek dh\ tou/tou fanero/n, o(/ti h( th=| diame/trw| tou= ku/klou pro\s o)rqa\s a)p' a)/kras a)gome/nh e)fa/ptetai tou= ku/klou [kai\ o(/ti eu)qei=a ku/klou kaq' e(\n mo/non e)fa/ptetai shmei=on, e)peidh/per kai\ h( kata\ du/o au)tw=| sumba/llousa e)nto\s au)tou= pi/ptousa e)dei/xqh]. o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *)apo\ tou= doqe/ntos shmei/ou tou= doqe/ntos ku/klou e)f- aptome/nhn eu)qei=an grammh\n a)gagei=n. *)/estw to\ me\n doqe\n shmei=on to\ *a, o( de\ doqei\s ku/klos o( *b*g*d: dei= dh\ a)po\ tou= *a shmei/ou tou= *b*g*d ku/klou e)f- aptome/nhn eu)qei=an grammh\n a)gagei=n. *ei)lh/fqw ga\r to\ ke/ntron tou= ku/klou to\ *e, kai\ e)p- ezeu/xqw h( *a*e, kai\ ke/ntrw| me\n tw=| *e diasth/mati de\ tw=| *e*a ku/klos gegra/fqw o( *a*z*h, kai\ a)po\ tou= *d th=| *e*a pro\s o)rqa\s h)/xqw h( *d*z, kai\ e)pezeu/xqwsan ai( *e*z, *a*b: le/gw, o(/ti a)po\ tou= *a shmei/ou tou= *b*g*d ku/klou e)fapto- me/nh h)=ktai h( *a*b. *)epei\ ga\r to\ *e ke/ntron e)sti\ tw=n *b*g*d, *a*z*h ku/klwn, i)/sh a)/ra e)sti\n h( me\n *e*a th=| *e*z, h( de\ *e*d th=| *e*b: du/o dh\ ai( *a*e, *e*b du/o tai=s *z*e, *e*d i)/sai ei)si/n: kai\ gwni/an koinh\n perie/xousi th\n pro\s tw=| *e: ba/sis a)/ra h( *d*z ba/sei th=| *a*b i)/sh e)sti/n, kai\ to\ *d*e*z tri/gwnon tw=| *e*b*a trigw/nw| i)/son e)sti/n, kai\ ai( loipai\ gwni/ai tai=s loipai=s gwni/ais: i)/sh a)/ra h( u(po\ *e*d*z th=| u(po\ *e*b*a. o)rqh\ de\ h( u(po\ *e*d*z: o)rqh\ a)/ra kai\ h( u(po\ *e*b*a. kai/ e)stin h( *e*b e)k tou= ke/ntrou: h( de\ th=| diame/trw| tou= ku/klou pro\s o)rqa\s a)p' a)/kras a)gome/nh e)fa/ptetai tou= ku/klou: h( *a*b a)/ra e)fa/ptetai tou= *b*g*d ku/klou. *)apo\ tou= a)/ra doqe/ntos shmei/ou tou= *a tou= doqe/ntos ku/klou tou= *b*g*d e)faptome/nh eu)qei=a grammh\ h)=ktai h( *a*b: o(/per e)/dei poih=sai. *)ea\n ku/klou e)fa/pthtai/ tis eu)qei=a, a)po\ de\ tou= ke/ntrou e)pi\ th\n a(fh\n e)pizeuxqh=| tis eu)qei=a, h( e)pizeuxqei=sa ka/q- etos e)/stai e)pi\ th\n e)faptome/nhn. *ku/klou ga\r tou= *a*b*g e)fapte/sqw tis eu)qei=a h( *d*e kata\ to\ *g shmei=on, kai\ ei)lh/fqw to\ ke/ntron tou= *a*b*g ku/- klou to\ *z, kai\ a)po\ tou= *z e)pi\ to\ *g e)pezeu/xqw h( *z*g: le/gw, o(/ti h( *z*g ka/qeto/s e)stin e)pi\ th\n *d*e. *ei) ga\r mh/, h)/xqw a)po\ tou= *z e)pi\ th\n *d*e ka/qetos h( *z*h. *)epei\ ou)=n h( u(po\ *z*h*g gwni/a o)rqh/ e)stin, o)cei=a a)/ra e)sti\n h( u(po\ *z*g*h: u(po\ de\ th\n mei/zona gwni/an h( mei/zwn pleura\ u(potei/nei: mei/zwn a)/ra h( *z*g th=s *z*h: i)/sh de\ h( *z*g th=| *z*b: mei/zwn a)/ra kai\ h( *z*b th=s *z*h h( e)la/ttwn th=s mei/zonos: o(/per e)sti\n a)du/naton. ou)k a)/ra h( *z*h ka/qeto/s e)stin e)pi\ th\n *d*e. o(moi/ws dh\ dei/- comen, o(/ti ou)d' a)/llh tis plh\n th=s *z*g: h( *z*g a)/ra ka/qeto/s e)stin e)pi\ th\n *d*e. *)ea\n a)/ra ku/klou e)fa/pthtai/ tis eu)qei=a, a)po\ de\ tou= ke/ntrou e)pi\ th\n a(fh\n e)pizeuxqh=| tis eu)qei=a, h( e)pizeu- xqei=sa ka/qetos e)/stai e)pi\ th\n e)faptome/nhn: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *)ea\n ku/klou e)fa/pthtai/ tis eu)qei=a, a)po\ de\ th=s a(fh=s th=| e)faptome/nh| pro\s o)rqa\s [gwni/as] eu)qei=a grammh\ a)xqh=|, e)pi\ th=s a)xqei/shs e)/stai to\ ke/ntron tou= ku/klou. *ku/klou ga\r tou= *a*b*g e)fapte/sqw tis eu)qei=a h( *d*e kata\ to\ *g shmei=on, kai\ a)po\ tou= *g th=| *d*e pro\s o)rqa\s h)/xqw h( *g*a: le/gw, o(/ti e)pi\ th=s *a*g e)sti to\ ke/ntron tou= ku/klou. *mh\ ga/r, a)ll' ei) dunato/n, e)/stw to\ *z, kai\ e)pezeu/xqw h( *g*z. *)epei\ [ou)=n] ku/klou tou= *a*b*g e)fa/ptetai/ tis eu)qei=a h( *d*e, a)po\ de\ tou= ke/ntrou e)pi\ th\n a(fh\n e)pe/zeuktai h( *z*g, h( *z*g a)/ra ka/qeto/s e)stin e)pi\ th\n *d*e: o)rqh\ a)/ra e)sti\n h( u(po\ *z*g*e. e)sti\ de\ kai\ h( u(po\ *a*g*e o)rqh/: i)/sh a)/ra e)sti\n h( u(po\ *z*g*e th=| u(po\ *a*g*e h( e)la/t- twn th=| mei/zoni: o(/per e)sti\n a)du/naton. ou)k a)/ra to\ *z ke/ntron e)sti\ tou= *a*b*g ku/klou. o(moi/ws dh\ dei/comen, o(/ti ou)d' a)/llo ti plh\n e)pi\ th=s *a*g. *)ea\n a)/ra ku/klou e)fa/pthtai/ tis eu)qei=a, a)po\ de\ th=s a(fh=s th=| e)faptome/nh| pro\s o)rqa\s eu)qei=a grammh\ a)xqh=|, e)pi\ th=s a)xqei/shs e)/stai to\ ke/ntron tou= ku/klou: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *)en ku/klw| h( pro\s tw=| ke/ntrw| gwni/a diplasi/wn e)sti\ th=s pro\s th=| periferei/a|, o(/tan th\n au)th\n perife/reian ba/sin e)/xwsin ai( gwni/ai. *)/estw ku/klos o( *a*b*g, kai\ pro\s me\n tw=| ke/ntrw| au)tou= gwni/a e)/stw h( u(po\ *b*e*g, pro\s de\ th=| periferei/a| h( u(po\ *b*a*g, e)xe/twsan de\ th\n au)th\n perife/reian ba/sin th\n *b*g: le/gw, o(/ti diplasi/wn e)sti\n h( u(po\ *b*e*g gwni/a th=s u(po\ *b*a*g. *)epizeuxqei=sa ga\r h( *a*e dih/xqw e)pi\ to\ *z. *)epei\ ou)=n i)/sh e)sti\n h( *e*a th=| *e*b, i)/sh kai\ gwni/a h( u(po\ *e*a*b th=| u(po\ *e*b*a: ai( a)/ra u(po\ *e*a*b, *e*b*a gwni/ai th=s u(po\ *e*a*b diplasi/ous ei)si/n. i)/sh de\ h( u(po\ *b*e*z tai=s u(po\ *e*a*b, *e*b*a: kai\ h( u(po\ *b*e*z a)/ra th=s u(po\ *e*a*b e)sti diplh=. dia\ ta\ au)ta\ dh\ kai\ h( u(po\ *z*e*g th=s u(po\ *e*a*g e)sti diplh=. o(/lh a)/ra h( u(po\ *b*e*g o(/lhs th=s u(po\ *b*a*g e)sti diplh=. *kekla/sqw dh\ pa/lin, kai\ e)/stw e(te/ra gwni/a h( u(po\ *b*d*g, kai\ e)pizeuxqei=sa h( *d*e e)kbeblh/sqw e)pi\ to\ *h. o(moi/ws dh\ dei/comen, o(/ti diplh= e)stin h( u(po\ *h*e*g gwni/a th=s u(po\ *e*d*g, w(=n h( u(po\ *h*e*b diplh= e)sti th=s u(po\ *e*d*b: loiph\ a)/ra h( u(po\ *b*e*g diplh= e)sti th=s u(po\ *b*d*g. *)en ku/klw| a)/ra h( pro\s tw=| ke/ntrw| gwni/a diplasi/wn e)sti\ th=s pro\s th=| periferei/a|, o(/tan th\n au)th\n perife/reian ba/sin e)/xwsin [ai( gwni/ai]: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *)en ku/klw| ai( e)n tw=| au)tw=| tmh/mati gwni/ai i)/sai a)llh/- lais ei)si/n. *)/estw ku/klos o( *a*b*g*d, kai\ e)n tw=| au)tw=| tmh/mati tw=| *b*a*e*d gwni/ai e)/stwsan ai( u(po\ *b*a*d, *b*e*d: le/gw, o(/ti ai( u(po\ *b*a*d, *b*e*d gwni/ai i)/sai a)llh/lais ei)si/n. *ei)lh/fqw ga\r tou= *a*b*g*d ku/klou to\ ke/ntron, kai\ e)/stw to\ *z, kai\ e)p- ezeu/xqwsan ai( *b*z, *z*d. *kai\ e)pei\ h( me\n u(po\ *b*z*d gwni/a pro\s tw=| ke/ntrw| e)sti/n, h( de\ u(po\ *b*a*d pro\s th=| periferei/a|, kai\ e)/xousi th\n au)th\n perife/reian ba/sin th\n *b*g*d, h( a)/ra u(po\ *b*z*d gwni/a diplasi/wn e)sti\ th=s u(po\ *b*a*d. dia\ ta\ au)ta\ dh\ h( u(po\ *b*z*d kai\ th=s u(po\ *b*e*d e)sti diplasi/wn: i)/sh a)/ra h( u(po\ *b*a*d th=| u(po\ *b*e*d. *)en ku/klw| a)/ra ai( e)n tw=| au)tw=| tmh/mati gwni/ai i)/sai a)llh/- lais ei)si/n: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *tw=n e)n toi=s ku/klois tetrapleu/rwn ai( a)penanti/on gw- ni/ai dusi\n o)rqai=s i)/sai ei)si/n. *)/estw ku/klos o( *a*b*g*d, kai\ e)n au)tw=| tetra/pleuron e)/stw to\ *a*b*g*d: le/gw, o(/ti ai( a)penanti/on gwni/ai dusi\n o)rqai=s i)/sai ei)si/n. *)epezeu/xqwsan ai( *a*g, *b*d. *)epei\ ou)=n panto\s trigw/nou ai( trei=s gwni/ai dusi\n o)rqai=s i)/sai ei)si/n, tou= *a*b*g a)/ra trigw/nou ai( trei=s gwni/ai ai( u(po\ *g*a*b, *a*b*g, *b*g*a dusi\n o)rqai=s i)/sai ei)si/n. i)/sh de\ h( me\n u(po\ *g*a*b th=| u(po\ *b*d*g: e)n ga\r tw=| au)tw=| tmh/mati/ ei)si tw=| *b*a*d*g: h( de\ u(po\ *a*g*b th=| u(po\ *a*d*b: e)n ga\r tw=| au)tw=| tmh/mati/ ei)si tw=| *a*d*g*b: o(/lh a)/ra h( u(po\ *a*d*g tai=s u(po\ *b*a*g, *a*g*b i)/sh e)sti/n. koinh\ proskei/sqw h( u(po\ *a*b*g: ai( a)/ra u(po\ *a*b*g, *b*a*g, *a*g*b tai=s u(po\ *a*b*g, *a*d*g i)/sai ei)si/n. a)ll' ai( u(po\ *a*b*g, *b*a*g, *a*g*b dusi\n o)rqai=s i)/sai ei)si/n. kai\ ai( u(po\ *a*b*g, *a*d*g a)/ra dusi\n o)rqai=s i)/sai ei)si/n. o(moi/ws dh\ dei/comen, o(/ti kai\ ai( u(po\ *b*a*d, *d*g*b gwni/ai dusi\n o)rqai=s i)/sai ei)si/n. *tw=n a)/ra e)n toi=s ku/klois tetrapleu/rwn ai( a)penanti/on gwni/ai dusi\n o)rqai=s i)/sai ei)si/n: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *)epi\ th=s au)th=s eu)qei/as du/o tmh/mata ku/klwn o(/moia kai\ a)/nisa ou) sustaqh/setai e)pi\ ta\ au)ta\ me/rh. *ei) ga\r dunato/n, e)pi\ th=s au)th=s eu)qei/as th=s *a*b du/o tmh/mata ku/klwn o(/moia kai\ a)/nisa sunesta/tw e)pi\ ta\ au)ta\ me/rh ta\ *a*g*b, *a*d*b, kai\ dih/xqw h( *a*g*d, kai\ e)pezeu/- xqwsan ai( *g*b, *d*b. *)epei\ ou)=n o(/moio/n e)sti to\ *a*g*b tmh=ma tw=| *a*d*b tmh/- mati, o(/moia de\ tmh/mata ku/klwn e)sti\ ta\ dexo/mena gwni/as i)/sas, i)/sh a)/ra e)sti\n h( u(po\ *a*g*b gwni/a th=| u(po\ *a*d*b h( e)k- to\s th=| e)nto/s: o(/per e)sti\n a)du/naton. *ou)k a)/ra e)pi\ th=s au)th=s eu)qei/as du/o tmh/mata ku/klwn o(/moia kai\ a)/nisa sustaqh/setai e)pi\ ta\ au)ta\ me/rh: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *ta\ e)pi\ i)/swn eu)qeiw=n o(/moia tmh/mata ku/klwn i)/sa a)llh/- lois e)sti/n. *)/estwsan ga\r e)pi\ i)/swn eu)qeiw=n tw=n *a*b, *g*d o(/moia tmh/mata ku/klwn ta\ *a*e*b, *g*z*d: le/gw, o(/ti i)/son e)sti\ to\ *a*e*b tmh=ma tw=| *g*z*d tmh/mati. *)efarmozome/nou ga\r tou= *a*e*b tmh/matos e)pi\ to\ *g*z*d kai\ tiqeme/nou tou= me\n *a shmei/ou e)pi\ to\ *g th=s de\ *a*b eu)qei/as e)pi\ th\n *g*d, e)farmo/sei kai\ to\ *b shmei=on e)pi\ to\ *d shmei=on dia\ to\ i)/shn ei)=nai th\n *a*b th=| *g*d: th=s de\ *a*b e)pi\ th\n *g*d e)farmosa/shs e)farmo/sei kai\ to\ *a*e*b tmh=ma e)pi\ to\ *g*z*d. ei) ga\r h( *a*b eu)qei=a e)pi\ th\n *g*d e)farmo/sei, to\ de\ *a*e*b tmh=ma e)pi\ to\ *g*z*d mh\ e)farmo/sei, h)/toi e)nto\s au)tou= pesei=tai h)\ e)kto\s h)\ paralla/cei w(s to\ *g*h*d, kai\ ku/klos ku/klon te/mnei kata\ plei/ona shmei=a h)\ du/o: o(/per e)sti\n a)du/naton. ou)k a)/ra e)farmozome/nhs th=s *a*b eu)qei/as e)pi\ th\n *g*d ou)k e)farmo/sei kai\ to\ *a*e*b tmh=ma e)pi\ to\ *g*z*d: e)farmo/sei a)/ra, kai\ i)/son au)tw=| e)/stai. *ta\ a)/ra e)pi\ i)/swn eu)qeiw=n o(/moia tmh/mata ku/klwn i)/sa a)llh/lois e)sti/n: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *ku/klou tmh/matos doqe/ntos prosanagra/yai to\n ku/klon, ou(=pe/r e)sti tmh=ma. *)/estw to\ doqe\n tmh=ma ku/klou to\ *a*b*g: dei= dh\ tou= *a*b*g tmh/matos prosanagra/yai to\n ku/klon, ou(=pe/r e)sti tmh=ma. *tetmh/sqw ga\r h( *a*g di/xa kata\ to\ *d, kai\ h)/xqw a)po\ tou= *d shmei/ou th=| *a*g pro\s o)rqa\s h( *d*b, kai\ e)pezeu/xqw h( *a*b: h( u(po\ *a*b*d gwni/a a)/ra th=s u(po\ *b*a*d h)/toi mei/zwn e)sti\n h)\ i)/sh h)\ e)la/ttwn. *)/estw pro/teron mei/zwn, kai\ sunesta/tw pro\s th=| *b*a eu)qei/a| kai\ tw=| pro\s au)th=| shmei/w| tw=| *a th=| u(po\ *a*b*d gwni/a| i)/sh h( u(po\ *b*a*e, kai\ dih/xqw h( *d*b e)pi\ to\ *e, kai\ e)pezeu/xqw h( *e*g. e)pei\ ou)=n i)/sh e)sti\n h( u(po\ *a*b*e gwni/a th=| u(po\ *b*a*e, i)/sh a)/ra e)sti\ kai\ h( *e*b eu)qei=a th=| *e*a. kai\ e)pei\ i)/sh e)sti\n h( *a*d th=| *d*g, koinh\ de\ h( *d*e, du/o dh\ ai( *a*d, *d*e du/o tai=s *g*d, *d*e i)/sai ei)si\n e(kate/ra e(kate/ra|: kai\ gwni/a h( u(po\ *a*d*e gwni/a| th=| u(po\ *g*d*e e)stin i)/sh: o)rqh\ ga\r e(kate/ra: ba/sis a)/ra h( *a*e ba/sei th=| *g*e e)stin i)/sh. a)lla\ h( *a*e th=| *b*e e)dei/xqh i)/sh: kai\ h( *b*e a)/ra th=| *g*e e)stin i)/sh: ai( trei=s a)/ra ai( *a*e, *e*b, *e*g i)/sai a)llh/- lais ei)si/n: o( a)/ra ke/ntrw| tw=| *e diasth/mati de\ e(ni\ tw=n *a*e, *e*b, *e*g ku/klos grafo/menos h(/cei kai\ dia\ tw=n loipw=n sh- mei/wn kai\ e)/stai prosanagegramme/nos. ku/klou a)/ra tmh/- matos doqe/ntos prosanage/graptai o( ku/klos. kai\ dh=lon, w(s to\ *a*b*g tmh=ma e)/latto/n e)stin h(mikukli/ou dia\ to\ to\ *e ke/ntron e)kto\s au)tou= tugxa/nein. *(omoi/ws [de\] ka)\n h)=| h( u(po\ *a*b*d gwni/a i)/sh th=| u(po\ *b*a*d, th=s *a*d i)/shs genome/nhs e(kate/ra| tw=n *b*d, *d*g ai( trei=s ai( *d*a, *d*b, *d*g i)/sai a)llh/lais e)/sontai, kai\ e)/stai to\ *d ke/ntron tou= prosanapeplhrwme/nou ku/klou, kai\ dh- ladh\ e)/stai to\ *a*b*g h(miku/klion. *)ea\n de\ h( u(po\ *a*b*d e)la/ttwn h)=| th=s u(po\ *b*a*d, kai\ susthsw/meqa pro\s th=| *b*a eu)qei/a| kai\ tw=| pro\s au)th=| shmei/w| tw=| *a th=| u(po\ *a*b*d gwni/a| i)/shn, e)nto\s tou= *a*b*g tmh/- matos pesei=tai to\ ke/ntron e)pi\ th=s *d*b, kai\ e)/stai dhladh\ to\ *a*b*g tmh=ma mei=zon h(mikukli/ou. *ku/klou a)/ra tmh/matos doqe/ntos prosanage/graptai o( ku/klos: o(/per e)/dei poih=sai. *)en toi=s i)/sois ku/klois ai( i)/sai gwni/ai e)pi\ i)/swn perife- reiw=n bebh/kasin, e)a/n te pro\s toi=s ke/ntrois e)a/n te pro\s tai=s periferei/ais w)=si bebhkui=ai. *)/estwsan i)/soi ku/kloi oi( *a*b*g, *d*e*z kai\ e)n au)toi=s i)/sai gwni/ai e)/stwsan pro\s me\n toi=s ke/ntrois ai( u(po\ *b*h*g, *e*q*z, pro\s de\ tai=s periferei/ais ai( u(po\ *b*a*g, *e*d*z: le/gw, o(/ti i)/sh e)sti\n h( *b*k*g perife/reia th=| *e*l*z perife- rei/a|. *)epezeu/xqwsan ga\r ai( *b*g, *e*z. *kai\ e)pei\ i)/soi ei)si\n oi( *a*b*g, *d*e*z ku/kloi, i)/sai ei)si\n ai( e)k tw=n ke/ntrwn: du/o dh\ ai( *b*h, *h*g du/o tai=s *e*q, *q*z i)/sai: kai\ gwni/a h( pro\s tw=| *h gwni/a| th=| pro\s tw=| *q i)/sh: ba/sis a)/ra h( *b*g ba/sei th=| *e*z e)stin i)/sh. kai\ e)pei\ i)/sh e)sti\n h( pro\s tw=| *a gwni/a th=| pro\s tw=| *d, o(/moion a)/ra e)sti\ to\ *b*a*g tmh=ma tw=| *e*d*z tmh/mati: kai/ ei)sin e)pi\ i)/swn eu)qeiw=n [tw=n *b*g, *e*z]: ta\ de\ e)pi\ i)/swn eu)qeiw=n o(/moia tmh/mata ku/klwn i)/sa a)llh/lois e)sti/n: i)/son a)/ra to\ *b*a*g tmh=ma tw=| *e*d*z. e)/sti de\ kai\ o(/los o( *a*b*g ku/klos o(/lw| tw=| *d*e*z ku/klw| i)/sos: loiph\ a)/ra h( *b*k*g perife/reia th=| *e*l*z periferei/a| e)sti\n i)/sh. *)en a)/ra toi=s i)/sois ku/klois ai( i)/sai gwni/ai e)pi\ i)/swn peri- fereiw=n bebh/kasin, e)a/n te pro\s toi=s ke/ntrois e)a/n te pro\s tai=s periferei/ais w)=si bebhkui=ai: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *)en toi=s i)/sois ku/klois ai( e)pi\ i)/swn perifereiw=n bebhkui=ai gwni/ai i)/sai a)llh/lais ei)si/n, e)a/n te pro\s toi=s ke/ntrois e)a/n te pro\s tai=s periferei/ais w)=si bebhkui=ai. *)en ga\r i)/sois ku/klois toi=s *a*b*g, *d*e*z e)pi\ i)/swn peri- fereiw=n tw=n *b*g, *e*z pro\s me\n toi=s *h, *q ke/ntrois gwni/ai bebhke/twsan ai( u(po\ *b*h*g, *e*q*z, pro\s de\ tai=s periferei/ais ai( u(po\ *b*a*g, *e*d*z: le/gw, o(/ti h( me\n u(po\ *b*h*g gwni/a th=| u(po\ *e*q*z e)stin i)/sh, h( de\ u(po\ *b*a*g th=| u(po\ *e*d*z e)stin i)/sh. *ei) ga\r a)/niso/s e)stin h( u(po\ *b*h*g th=| u(po\ *e*q*z, mi/a au)tw=n mei/zwn e)sti/n. e)/stw mei/zwn h( u(po\ *b*h*g, kai\ sunesta/tw pro\s th=| *b*h eu)qei/a| kai\ tw=| pro\s au)th=| shmei/w| tw=| *h th=| u(po\ *e*q*z gwni/a| i)/sh h( u(po\ *b*h*k: ai( de\ i)/sai gwni/ai e)pi\ i)/swn perifereiw=n bebh/kasin, o(/tan pro\s toi=s ke/ntrois w)=sin: i)/sh a)/ra h( *b*k perife/reia th=| *e*z periferei/a|. a)lla\ h( *e*z th=| *b*g e)stin i)/sh: kai\ h( *b*k a)/ra th=| *b*g e)stin i)/sh h( e)la/ttwn th=| mei/zoni: o(/per e)sti\n a)du/naton. ou)k a)/ra a)/niso/s e)stin h( u(po\ *b*h*g gwni/a th=| u(po\ *e*q*z: i)/sh a)/ra. kai/ e)sti th=s me\n u(po\ *b*h*g h(mi/seia h( pro\s tw=| *a, th=s de\ u(po\ *e*q*z h(mi/seia h( pro\s tw=| *d: i)/sh a)/ra kai\ h( pro\s tw=| *a gwni/a th=| pro\s tw=| *d. *)en a)/ra toi=s i)/sois ku/klois ai( e)pi\ i)/swn perifereiw=n bebhkui=ai gwni/ai i)/sai a)llh/lais ei)si/n, e)a/n te pro\s toi=s ke/ntrois e)a/n te pro\s tai=s periferei/ais w)=si bebhkui=ai: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *)en toi=s i)/sois ku/klois ai( i)/sai eu)qei=ai i)/sas periferei/as a)fairou=si th\n me\n mei/zona th=| mei/zoni th\n de\ e)la/ttona th=| e)la/ttoni. *)/estwsan i)/soi ku/kloi oi( *a*b*g, *d*e*z, kai\ e)n toi=s ku/- klois i)/sai eu)qei=ai e)/stwsan ai( *a*b, *d*e ta\s me\n *a*g*b, *d*z*e periferei/as mei/zonas a)fairou=sai ta\s de\ *a*h*b, *d*q*e e)la/ttonas: le/gw, o(/ti h( me\n *a*g*b mei/zwn perife/reia i)/sh e)sti\ th=| *d*z*e mei/zoni periferei/a|, h( de\ *a*h*b e)la/t- twn perife/reia th=| *d*q*e. *ei)lh/fqw ga\r ta\ ke/ntra tw=n ku/klwn ta\ *k, *l, kai\ e)p- ezeu/xqwsan ai( *a*k, *k*b, *d*l, *l*e. *kai\ e)pei\ i)/soi ku/kloi ei)si/n, i)/sai ei)si\ kai\ ai( e)k tw=n ke/n- trwn: du/o dh\ ai( *a*k, *k*b dusi\ tai=s *d*l, *l*e i)/sai ei)si/n: kai\ ba/sis h( *a*b ba/sei th=| *d*e i)/sh: gwni/a a)/ra h( u(po\ *a*k*b gwni/a| th=| u(po\ *d*l*e i)/sh e)sti/n. ai( de\ i)/sai gwni/ai e)pi\ i)/swn perifereiw=n bebh/kasin, o(/tan pro\s toi=s ke/ntrois w)=sin: i)/sh a)/ra h( *a*h*b perife/reia th=| *d*q*e. e)sti\ de\ kai\ o(/los o( *a*b*g ku/klos o(/lw| tw=| *d*e*z ku/klw| i)/sos: kai\ loiph\ a)/ra h( *a*g*b perife/reia loiph=| th=| *d*z*e periferei/a| i)/sh e)sti/n. *)en a)/ra toi=s i)/sois ku/klois ai( i)/sai eu)qei=ai i)/sas peri- ferei/as a)fairou=si th\n me\n mei/zona th=| mei/zoni th\n de\ e)la/ttona th=| e)la/ttoni: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *)en toi=s i)/sois ku/klois ta\s i)/sas periferei/as i)/sai eu)qei=ai u(potei/nousin. *)/estwsan i)/soi ku/kloi oi( *a*b*g, *d*e*z, kai\ e)n au)toi=s i)/sai perife/reiai a)peilh/fqwsan ai( *b*h*g, *e*q*z, kai\ e)pezeu/xqwsan ai( *b*g, *e*z eu)qei=ai: le/gw, o(/ti i)/sh e)sti\n h( *b*g th=| *e*z. *ei)lh/fqw ga\r ta\ ke/ntra tw=n ku/klwn, kai\ e)/stw ta\ *k, *l, kai\ e)pezeu/xqwsan ai( *b*k, *k*g, *e*l, *l*z. *kai\ e)pei\ i)/sh e)sti\n h( *b*h*g perife/reia th=| *e*q*z peri- ferei/a|, i)/sh e)sti\ kai\ gwni/a h( u(po\ *b*k*g th=| u(po\ *e*l*z. kai\ e)pei\ i)/soi ei)si\n oi( *a*b*g, *d*e*z ku/kloi, i)/sai ei)si\ kai\ ai( e)k tw=n ke/ntrwn: du/o dh\ ai( *b*k, *k*g dusi\ tai=s *e*l, *l*z i)/sai ei)si/n: kai\ gwni/as i)/sas perie/xousin: ba/sis a)/ra h( *b*g ba/sei th=| *e*z i)/sh e)sti/n. *)en a)/ra toi=s i)/sois ku/klois ta\s i)/sas periferei/as i)/sai eu)qei=ai u(potei/nousin: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *th\n doqei=san perife/reian di/xa temei=n. *)/estw h( doqei=sa perife/reia h( *a*d*b: dei= dh\ th\n *a*d*b perife/reian di/xa temei=n. *)epezeu/xqw h( *a*b, kai\ tetmh/sqw di/xa kata\ to\ *g, kai\ a)po\ tou= *g shmei/ou th=| *a*b eu)qei/a| pro\s o)rqa\s h)/xqw h( *g*d, kai\ e)pezeu/xqwsan ai( *a*d, *d*b. *kai\ e)pei\ i)/sh e)sti\n h( *a*g th=| *g*b, koinh\ de\ h( *g*d, du/o dh\ ai( *a*g, *g*d dusi\ tai=s *b*g, *g*d i)/sai ei)si/n: kai\ gwni/a h( u(po\ *a*g*d gwni/a| th=| u(po\ *b*g*d i)/sh: o)rqh\ ga\r e(kate/ra: ba/sis a)/ra h( *a*d ba/sei th=| *d*b i)/sh e)sti/n. ai( de\ i)/sai eu)qei=ai i)/sas periferei/as a)fairou=si th\n me\n mei/zona th=| mei/zoni th\n de\ e)la/ttona th=| e)la/ttoni: kai/ e)stin e(kate/ra tw=n *a*d, *d*b perifereiw=n e)la/ttwn h(mikukli/ou: i)/sh a)/ra h( *a*d peri- fe/reia th=| *d*b periferei/a|. *(h a)/ra doqei=sa perife/reia di/xa te/tmhtai kata\ to\ *d shmei=on: o(/per e)/dei poih=sai. *)en ku/klw| h( me\n e)n tw=| h(mikukli/w| gwni/a o)rqh/ e)stin, h( de\ e)n tw=| mei/zoni tmh/mati e)la/ttwn o)rqh=s, h( de\ e)n tw=| e)la/t- toni tmh/mati mei/zwn o)rqh=s: kai\ e)/ti h( me\n tou= mei/zonos tmh/matos gwni/a mei/zwn e)sti\n o)rqh=s, h( de\ tou= e)la/ttonos tmh/matos gwni/a e)la/ttwn o)rqh=s. *)/estw ku/klos o( *a*b*g*d, dia/metros de\ au)tou= e)/stw h( *b*g, ke/ntron de\ to\ *e, kai\ e)pezeu/xqwsan ai( *b*a, *a*g, *a*d, *d*g: le/gw, o(/ti h( me\n e)n tw=| *b*a*g h(mikukli/w| gwni/a h( u(po\ *b*a*g o)rqh/ e)stin, h( de\ e)n tw=| *a*b*g mei/zoni tou= h(mikukli/ou tmh/- mati gwni/a h( u(po\ *a*b*g e)la/ttwn e)sti\n o)rqh=s, h( de\ e)n tw=| *a*d*g e)la/t- toni tou= h(mikukli/ou tmh/mati gwni/a h( u(po\ *a*d*g mei/zwn e)sti\n o)rqh=s. *)epezeu/xqw h( *a*e, kai\ dih/xqw h( *b*a e)pi\ to\ *z. *kai\ e)pei\ i)/sh e)sti\n h( *b*e th=| *e*a, i)/sh e)sti\ kai\ gwni/a h( u(po\ *a*b*e th=| u(po\ *b*a*e. pa/lin, e)pei\ i)/sh e)sti\n h( *g*e th=| *e*a, i)/sh e)sti\ kai\ h( u(po\ *a*g*e th=| u(po\ *g*a*e: o(/lh a)/ra h( u(po\ *b*a*g dusi\ tai=s u(po\ *a*b*g, *a*g*b i)/sh e)sti/n. e)sti\ de\ kai\ h( u(po\ *z*a*g e)kto\s tou= *a*b*g trigw/nou dusi\ tai=s u(po\ *a*b*g, *a*g*b gwni/ais i)/sh: i)/sh a)/ra kai\ h( u(po\ *b*a*g gwni/a th=| u(po\ *z*a*g: o)rqh\ a)/ra e(kate/ra: h( a)/ra e)n tw=| *b*a*g h(mikukli/w| gwni/a h( u(po\ *b*a*g o)rqh/ e)stin. *kai\ e)pei\ tou= *a*b*g trigw/nou du/o gwni/ai ai( u(po\ *a*b*g, *b*a*g du/o o)rqw=n e)la/ttone/s ei)sin, o)rqh\ de\ h( u(po\ *b*a*g, e)la/ttwn a)/ra o)rqh=s e)stin h( u(po\ *a*b*g gwni/a: kai/ e)stin e)n tw=| *a*b*g mei/zoni tou= h(mikukli/ou tmh/mati. *kai\ e)pei\ e)n ku/klw| tetra/pleuro/n e)sti to\ *a*b*g*d, tw=n de\ e)n toi=s ku/klois tetrapleu/rwn ai( a)penanti/on gwni/ai dusi\n o)rqai=s i)/sai ei)si/n [ai( a)/ra u(po\ *a*b*g, *a*d*g gwni/ai dusi\n o)rqai=s i)/sai ei)si/n], kai/ e)stin h( u(po\ *a*b*g e)la/ttwn o)rqh=s: loiph\ a)/ra h( u(po\ *a*d*g gwni/a mei/zwn o)rqh=s e)stin: kai/ e)stin e)n tw=| *a*d*g e)la/ttoni tou= h(mikukli/ou tmh/mati. *le/gw, o(/ti kai\ h( me\n tou= mei/zonos tmh/matos gwni/a h( periexome/nh u(po/ [te] th=s *a*b*g periferei/as kai\ th=s *a*g eu)qei/as mei/zwn e)sti\n o)rqh=s, h( de\ tou= e)la/ttonos tmh/matos gwni/a h( periexome/nh u(po/ [te] th=s *a*d[*g] periferei/as kai\ th=s *a*g eu)qei/as e)la/ttwn e)sti\n o)rqh=s. kai/ e)stin au)to/- qen fanero/n. e)pei\ ga\r h( u(po\ tw=n *b*a, *a*g eu)qeiw=n o)rqh/ e)stin, h( a)/ra u(po\ th=s *a*b*g periferei/as kai\ th=s *a*g eu)qei/as periexome/nh mei/zwn e)sti\n o)rqh=s. pa/lin, e)pei\ h( u(po\ tw=n *a*g, *a*z eu)qeiw=n o)rqh/ e)stin, h( a)/ra u(po\ th=s *g*a eu)qei/as kai\ th=s *a*d[*g] periferei/as periexome/nh e)la/t- twn e)sti\n o)rqh=s. *)en ku/klw| a)/ra h( me\n e)n tw=| h(mikukli/w| gwni/a o)rqh/ e)stin, h( de\ e)n tw=| mei/zoni tmh/mati e)la/ttwn o)rqh=s, h( de\ e)n tw=| e)la/ttoni [tmh/mati] mei/zwn o)rqh=s, kai\ e)/ti h( me\n tou= mei/- zonos tmh/matos [gwni/a] mei/zwn [e)sti\n] o)rqh=s, h( de\ tou= e)la/ttonos tmh/matos [gwni/a] e)la/ttwn o)rqh=s: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. [*po/risma *)ek dh\ tou/tou fanero/n, o(/ti e)a\n [h(] mi/a gwni/a trigw/nou tai=s dusi\n i)/sh h)=|, o)rqh/ e)stin h( gwni/a dia\ to\ kai\ th\n e)kei/- nhs e)kto\s tai=s au)tai=s i)/shn ei)=nai: e)a\n de\ ai( e)fech=s i)/sai w)=sin, o)rqai/ ei)sin.] *)ea\n ku/klou e)fa/pthtai/ tis eu)qei=a, a)po\ de\ th=s a(fh=s ei)s to\n ku/klon diaxqh=| tis eu)qei=a te/mnousa to\n ku/klon, a(\s poiei= gwni/as pro\s th=| e)faptome/nh|, i)/sai e)/sontai tai=s e)n toi=s e)nalla\c tou= ku/klou tmh/masi gwni/ais. *ku/klou ga\r tou= *a*b*g*d e)fapte/sqw tis eu)qei=a h( *e*z kata\ to\ *b shmei=on, kai\ a)po\ tou= *b shmei/ou dih/xqw tis eu)qei=a ei)s to\n *a*b*g*d ku/klon te/mnousa au)to\n h( *b*d. le/gw, o(/ti a(\s poiei= gwni/as h( *b*d meta\ th=s *e*z e)faptome/nhs, i)/sai e)/sontai tai=s e)n toi=s e)nalla\c tmh/masi tou= ku/klou gwni/ais, toute/stin, o(/ti h( me\n u(po\ *z*b*d gwni/a i)/sh e)sti\ th=| e)n tw=| *b*a*d tmh/mati sunistame/nh| gwni/a|, h( de\ u(po\ *e*b*d gwni/a i)/sh e)sti\ th=| e)n tw=| *d*g*b tmh/mati sunistame/nh| gwni/a|. *)/hxqw ga\r a)po\ tou= *b th=| *e*z pro\s o)rqa\s h( *b*a, kai\ ei)lh/fqw e)pi\ th=s *b*d periferei/as tuxo\n shmei=on to\ *g, kai\ e)pezeu/xqwsan ai( *a*d, *d*g, *g*b. *kai\ e)pei\ ku/klou tou= *a*b*g*d e)fa/ptetai/ tis eu)qei=a h( *e*z kata\ to\ *b, kai\ a)po\ th=s a(fh=s h)=ktai th=| e)faptome/nh| pro\s o)rqa\s h( *b*a, e)pi\ th=s *b*a a)/ra to\ ke/ntron e)sti\ tou= *a*b*g*d ku/klou. h( *b*a a)/ra dia/metro/s e)sti tou= *a*b*g*d ku/klou: h( a)/ra u(po\ *a*d*b gwni/a e)n h(mikukli/w| ou)=sa o)rqh/ e)stin. loipai\ a)/ra ai( u(po\ *b*a*d, *a*b*d mia=| o)rqh=| i)/sai ei)si/n. e)sti\ de\ kai\ h( u(po\ *a*b*z o)rqh/: h( a)/ra u(po\ *a*b*z i)/sh e)sti\ tai=s u(po\ *b*a*d, *a*b*d. koinh\ a)fh|rh/sqw h( u(po\ *a*b*d: loiph\ a)/ra h( u(po\ *d*b*z gwni/a i)/sh e)sti\ th=| e)n tw=| e)nalla\c tmh/mati tou= ku/klou gwni/a| th=| u(po\ *b*a*d. kai\ e)pei\ e)n ku/klw| tetra/pleuro/n e)sti to\ *a*b*g*d, ai( a)penanti/on au)tou= gwni/ai dusi\n o)rqai=s i)/sai ei)si/n. ei)si\ de\ kai\ ai( u(po\ *d*b*z, *d*b*e dusi\n o)rqai=s i)/sai: ai( a)/ra u(po\ *d*b*z, *d*b*e tai=s u(po\ *b*a*d, *b*g*d i)/sai ei)si/n, w(=n h( u(po\ *b*a*d th=| u(po\ *d*b*z e)dei/xqh i)/sh: loiph\ a)/ra h( u(po\ *d*b*e th=| e)n tw=| e)nalla\c tou= ku/klou tmh/mati tw=| *d*g*b th=| u(po\ *d*g*b gwni/a| e)sti\n i)/sh. *)ea\n a)/ra ku/klou e)fa/pthtai/ tis eu)qei=a, a)po\ de\ th=s a(fh=s ei)s to\n ku/klon diaxqh=| tis eu)qei=a te/mnousa to\n ku/- klon, a(\s poiei= gwni/as pro\s th=| e)faptome/nh|, i)/sai e)/sontai tai=s e)n toi=s e)nalla\c tou= ku/klou tmh/masi gwni/ais: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *)epi\ th=s doqei/shs eu)qei/as gra/yai tmh=ma ku/klou dexo/- menon gwni/an i)/shn th=| doqei/sh| gwni/a| eu)qugra/mmw|. *)/estw h( doqei=sa eu)qei=a h( *a*b, h( de\ doqei=sa gwni/a eu)qu/grammos h( pro\s tw=| *g: dei= dh\ e)pi\ th=s doqei/shs eu)- qei/as th=s *a*b gra/yai tmh=ma ku/klou dexo/menon gwni/an i)/shn th=| pro\s tw=| *g. *(h dh\ pro\s tw=| *g [gwni/a] h)/toi o)cei=a/ e)stin h)\ o)rqh\ h)\ a)mblei=a: e)/stw pro/teron o)cei=a, kai\ w(s e)pi\ th=s prw/ths katagrafh=s sunesta/tw pro\s th=| *a*b eu)qei/a| kai\ tw=| *a shmei/w| th=| pro\s tw=| *g gwni/a| i)/sh h( u(po\ *b*a*d: o)cei=a a)/ra e)sti\ kai\ h( u(po\ *b*a*d. h)/xqw th=| *d*a pro\s o)rqa\s h( *a*e, kai\ tetmh/sqw h( *a*b di/xa kata\ to\ *z, kai\ h)/xqw a)po\ tou= *z shmei/ou th=| *a*b pro\s o)rqa\s h( *z*h, kai\ e)pezeu/xqw h( *h*b. *kai\ e)pei\ i)/sh e)sti\n h( *a*z th=| *z*b, koinh\ de\ h( *z*h, du/o dh\ ai( *a*z, *z*h du/o tai=s *b*z, *z*h i)/sai ei)si/n: kai\ gwni/a h( u(po\ *a*z*h [gwni/a|] th=| u(po\ *b*z*h i)/sh: ba/sis a)/ra h( *a*h ba/sei th=| *b*h i)/sh e)sti/n. o( a)/ra ke/ntrw| me\n tw=| *h diasth/- mati de\ tw=| *h*a ku/klos grafo/menos h(/cei kai\ dia\ tou= *b. gegra/fqw kai\ e)/stw o( *a*b*e, kai\ e)pezeu/xqw h( *e*b. e)pei\ ou)=n a)p' a)/kras th=s *a*e diame/trou a)po\ tou= *a th=| *a*e pro\s o)rqa/s e)stin h( *a*d, h( *a*d a)/ra e)fa/ptetai tou= *a*b*e ku/- klou: e)pei\ ou)=n ku/klou tou= *a*b*e e)fa/ptetai/ tis eu)qei=a h( *a*d, kai\ a)po\ th=s kata\ to\ *a a(fh=s ei)s to\n *a*b*e ku/klon dih=ktai/ tis eu)qei=a h( *a*b, h( a)/ra u(po\ *d*a*b gwni/a i)/sh e)sti\ th=| e)n tw=| e)nalla\c tou= ku/klou tmh/mati gwni/a| th=| u(po\ *a*e*b. a)ll' h( u(po\ *d*a*b th=| pro\s tw=| *g e)stin i)/sh: kai\ h( pro\s tw=| *g a)/ra gwni/a i)/sh e)sti\ th=| u(po\ *a*e*b. *)epi\ th=s doqei/shs a)/ra eu)qei/as th=s *a*b tmh=ma ku/klou ge/graptai to\ *a*e*b dexo/menon gwni/an th\n u(po\ *a*e*b i)/shn th=| doqei/sh| th=| pro\s tw=| *g. *)alla\ dh\ o)rqh\ e)/stw h( pro\s tw=| *g: kai\ de/on pa/lin e)/stw e)pi\ th=s *a*b gra/yai tmh=ma ku/klou dexo/menon gwni/an i)/shn th=| pro\s tw=| *g o)rqh=| [gwni/a|]. sunesta/tw [pa/lin] th=| pro\s tw=| *g o)rqh=| gwni/a| i)/sh h( u(po\ *b*a*d, w(s e)/xei e)pi\ th=s deute/ras katagrafh=s, kai\ tetmh/sqw h( *a*b di/xa kata\ to\ *z, kai\ ke/ntrw| tw=| *z, diasth/mati de\ o(pote/rw| tw=n *z*a, *z*b, ku/klos gegra/fqw o( *a*e*b. *)efa/ptetai a)/ra h( *a*d eu)qei=a tou= *a*b*e ku/klou dia\ to\ o)rqh\n ei)=nai th\n pro\s tw=| *a gwni/an. kai\ i)/sh e)sti\n h( u(po\ *b*a*d gwni/a th=| e)n tw=| *a*e*b tmh/mati: o)rqh\ ga\r kai\ au)th\ e)n h(mikukli/w| ou)=sa. a)lla\ kai\ h( u(po\ *b*a*d th=| pro\s tw=| *g i)/sh e)sti/n. kai\ h( e)n tw=| *a*e*b a)/ra i)/sh e)sti\ th=| pro\s tw=| *g. *ge/graptai a)/ra pa/lin e)pi\ th=s *a*b tmh=ma ku/klou to\ *a*e*b dexo/menon gw- ni/an i)/shn th=| pro\s tw=| *g. *)alla\ dh\ h( pro\s tw=| *g a)mblei=a e)/stw: kai\ sunesta/tw au)th=| i)/sh pro\s th=| *a*b eu)qei/a| kai\ tw=| *a shmei/w| h( u(po\ *b*a*d, w(s e)/xei e)pi\ th=s tri/ths katagrafh=s, kai\ th=| *a*d pro\s o)rqa\s h)/xqw h( *a*e, kai\ tetmh/sqw pa/lin h( *a*b di/xa kata\ to\ *z, kai\ th=| *a*b pro\s o)rqa\s h)/xqw h( *z*h, kai\ e)p- ezeu/xqw h( *h*b. *kai\ e)pei\ pa/lin i)/sh e)sti\n h( *a*z th=| *z*b, kai\ koinh\ h( *z*h, du/o dh\ ai( *a*z, *z*h du/o tai=s *b*z, *z*h i)/sai ei)si/n: kai\ gwni/a h( u(po\ *a*z*h gwni/a| th=| u(po\ *b*z*h i)/sh: ba/sis a)/ra h( *a*h ba/sei th=| *b*h i)/sh e)sti/n: o( a)/ra ke/ntrw| me\n tw=| *h diasth/mati de\ tw=| *h*a ku/klos grafo/menos h(/cei kai\ dia\ tou= *b. e)rxe/sqw w(s o( *a*e*b. kai\ e)pei\ th=| *a*e diame/- trw| a)p' a)/kras pro\s o)rqa/s e)stin h( *a*d, h( *a*d a)/ra e)fa/pte- tai tou= *a*e*b ku/klou. kai\ a)po\ th=s kata\ to\ *a e)pafh=s dih=ktai h( *a*b: h( a)/ra u(po\ *b*a*d gwni/a i)/sh e)sti\ th=| e)n tw=| e)nalla\c tou= ku/klou tmh/mati tw=| *a*q*b sunistame/nh| gw- ni/a|. a)ll' h( u(po\ *b*a*d gwni/a th=| pro\s tw=| *g i)/sh e)sti/n. kai\ h( e)n tw=| *a*q*b a)/ra tmh/mati gwni/a i)/sh e)sti\ th=| pro\s tw=| *g. *)epi\ th=s a)/ra doqei/shs eu)qei/as th=s *a*b ge/graptai tmh=ma ku/klou to\ *a*q*b dexo/menon gwni/an i)/shn th=| pro\s tw=| *g: o(/per e)/dei poih=sai. *)apo\ tou= doqe/ntos ku/klou tmh=ma a)felei=n dexo/menon gwni/an i)/shn th=| doqei/sh| gwni/a| eu)qugra/mmw|. *)/estw o( doqei\s ku/klos o( *a*b*g, h( de\ doqei=sa gwni/a eu)qu/grammos h( pro\s tw=| *d: dei= dh\ a)po\ tou= *a*b*g ku/klou tmh=ma a)felei=n dexo/menon gwni/an i)/shn th=| doqei/sh| gwni/a| eu)qugra/mmw| th=| pro\s tw=| *d. *)/hxqw tou= *a*b*g e)faptome/nh h( *e*z kata\ to\ *b sh- mei=on, kai\ sunesta/tw pro\s th=| *z*b eu)qei/a| kai\ tw=| pro\s au)th=| shmei/w| tw=| *b th=| pro\s tw=| *d gwni/a| i)/sh h( u(po\ *z*b*g. *)epei\ ou)=n ku/klou tou= *a*b*g e)f- a/ptetai/ tis eu)qei=a h( *e*z, kai\ a)po\ th=s kata\ to\ *b e)pafh=s di- h=ktai h( *b*g, h( u(po\ *z*b*g a)/ra gwni/a i)/sh e)sti\ th=| e)n tw=| *b*a*g e)nalla\c tmh/mati sunistame/nh| gw- ni/a|. a)ll' h( u(po\ *z*b*g th=| pro\s tw=| *d e)stin i)/sh: kai\ h( e)n tw=| *b*a*g a)/ra tmh/mati i)/sh e)sti\ th=| pro\s tw=| *d [gwni/a|]. *)apo\ tou= doqe/ntos a)/ra ku/klou tou= *a*b*g tmh=ma a)fh/|rh- tai to\ *b*a*g dexo/menon gwni/an i)/shn th=| doqei/sh| gwni/a| eu)qugra/mmw| th=| pro\s tw=| *d: o(/per e)/dei poih=sai. *)ea\n e)n ku/klw| du/o eu)qei=ai te/mnwsin a)llh/las, to\ u(po\ tw=n th=s mia=s tmhma/twn periexo/menon o)rqogw/nion i)/son e)sti\ tw=| u(po\ tw=n th=s e(te/ras tmhma/twn periexome/nw| o)rqogwni/w|. *)en ga\r ku/klw| tw=| *a*b*g*d du/o eu)qei=ai ai( *a*g, *b*d temne/twsan a)llh/las kata\ to\ *e shmei=on: le/gw, o(/ti to\ u(po\ tw=n *a*e, *e*g periexo/menon o)rqo- gw/nion i)/son e)sti\ tw=| u(po\ tw=n *d*e, *e*b periexome/nw| o)rqogwni/w|. *ei) me\n ou)=n ai( *a*g, *b*d dia\ tou= ke/n- trou ei)si\n w(/ste to\ *e ke/ntron ei)=nai tou= *a*b*g*d ku/klou, fanero/n, o(/ti i)/swn ou)sw=n tw=n *a*e, *e*g, *d*e, *e*b kai\ to\ u(po\ tw=n *a*e, *e*g periexo/menon o)rqogw/nion i)/son e)sti\ tw=| u(po\ tw=n *d*e, *e*b periexome/nw| o)rqogwni/w|. *mh\ e)/stwsan dh\ ai( *a*g, *d*b dia\ tou= ke/ntrou, kai\ ei)lh/- fqw to\ ke/ntron tou= *a*b*g*d, kai\ e)/stw to\ *z, kai\ a)po\ tou= *z e)pi\ ta\s *a*g, *d*b eu)qei/as ka/qetoi h)/xqwsan ai( *z*h, *z*q, kai\ e)pezeu/xqwsan ai( *z*b, *z*g, *z*e. *kai\ e)pei\ eu)qei=a/ tis dia\ tou= ke/ntrou h( *h*z eu)qei=a/n tina mh\ dia\ tou= ke/ntrou th\n *a*g pro\s o)rqa\s te/mnei, kai\ di/xa au)th\n te/mnei: i)/sh a)/ra h( *a*h th=| *h*g. e)pei\ ou)=n eu)qei=a h( *a*g te/tmhtai ei)s me\n i)/sa kata\ to\ *h, ei)s de\ a)/nisa kata\ to\ *e, to\ a)/ra u(po\ tw=n *a*e, *e*g periexo/menon o)rqogw/nion meta\ tou= a)po\ th=s *e*h tetragw/nou i)/son e)sti\ tw=| a)po\ th=s *h*g: [koino\n] proskei/sqw to\ a)po\ th=s *h*z: to\ a)/ra u(po\ tw=n *a*e, *e*g meta\ tw=n a)po\ tw=n *h*e, *h*z i)/son e)sti\ toi=s a)po\ tw=n *g*h, *h*z. a)lla\ toi=s me\n a)po\ tw=n *e*h, *h*z i)/son e)sti\ to\ a)po\ th=s *z*e, toi=s de\ a)po\ tw=n *g*h, *h*z i)/son e)sti\ to\ a)po\ th=s *z*g: to\ a)/ra u(po\ tw=n *a*e, *e*g meta\ tou= a)po\ th=s *z*e i)/son e)sti\ tw=| a)po\ th=s *z*g. i)/sh de\ h( *z*g th=| *z*b: to\ a)/ra u(po\ tw=n *a*e, *e*g meta\ tou= a)po\ th=s *e*z i)/son e)sti\ tw=| a)po\ th=s *z*b. dia\ ta\ au)ta\ dh\ kai\ to\ u(po\ tw=n *d*e, *e*b meta\ tou= a)po\ th=s *z*e i)/son e)sti\ tw=| a)po\ th=s *z*b. e)dei/xqh de\ kai\ to\ u(po\ tw=n *a*e, *e*g meta\ tou= a)po\ th=s *z*e i)/son tw=| a)po\ th=s *z*b: to\ a)/ra u(po\ tw=n *a*e, *e*g meta\ tou= a)po\ th=s *z*e i)/son e)sti\ tw=| u(po\ tw=n *d*e, *e*b meta\ tou= a)po\ th=s *z*e. koino\n a)fh|rh/sqw to\ a)po\ th=s *z*e: loipo\n a)/ra to\ u(po\ tw=n *a*e, *e*g periexo/menon o)rqogw/nion i)/son e)sti\ tw=| u(po\ tw=n *d*e, *e*b periexome/nw| o)rqogwni/w|. *)ea\n a)/ra e)n ku/klw| eu)qei=ai du/o te/mnwsin a)llh/las, to\ u(po\ tw=n th=s mia=s tmhma/twn periexo/menon o)rqogw/nion i)/son e)sti\ tw=| u(po\ tw=n th=s e(te/ras tmhma/twn periexome/nw| o)rqogwni/w|: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *)ea\n ku/klou lhfqh=| ti shmei=on e)kto/s, kai\ a)p' au)tou= pro\s to\n ku/klon prospi/ptwsi du/o eu)qei=ai, kai\ h( me\n au)tw=n te/mnh| to\n ku/klon, h( de\ e)fa/pthtai, e)/stai to\ u(po\ o(/lhs th=s temnou/shs kai\ th=s e)kto\s a)polambanome/nhs metacu\ tou= te shmei/ou kai\ th=s kurth=s periferei/as i)/son tw=| a)po\ th=s e)faptome/nhs tetragw/nw|. *ku/klou ga\r tou= *a*b*g ei)lh/fqw ti shmei=on e)kto\s to\ *d, kai\ a)po\ tou= *d pro\s to\n *a*b*g ku/klon prospipte/twsan du/o eu)qei=ai ai( *d*g[*a], *d*b: kai\ h( me\n *d*g*a temne/tw to\n *a*b*g ku/klon, h( de\ *b*d e)fapte/sqw: le/gw, o(/ti to\ u(po\ tw=n *a*d, *d*g periexo/menon o)rqogw/nion i)/son e)sti\ tw=| a)po\ th=s *d*b tetragw/nw|. *(h a)/ra [*d]*g*a h)/toi dia\ tou= ke/ntrou e)sti\n h)\ ou)/. e)/stw pro/teron dia\ tou= ke/ntrou, kai\ e)/stw to\ *z ke/ntron tou= *a*b*g ku/klou, kai\ e)pezeu/xqw h( *z*b: o)rqh\ a)/ra e)sti\n h( u(po\ *z*b*d. kai\ e)pei\ eu)qei=a h( *a*g di/xa te/tmhtai kata\ to\ *z, pro/skeitai de\ au)th=| h( *g*d, to\ a)/ra u(po\ tw=n *a*d, *d*g meta\ tou= a)po\ th=s *z*g i)/son e)sti\ tw=| a)po\ th=s *z*d. i)/sh de\ h( *z*g th=| *z*b: to\ a)/ra u(po\ tw=n *a*d, *d*g meta\ tou= a)po\ th=s *z*b i)/son e)sti\ tw=| a)po\ th=s *z*d. tw=| de\ a)po\ th=s *z*d i)/sa e)sti\ ta\ a)po\ tw=n *z*b, *b*d: to\ a)/ra u(po\ tw=n *a*d, *d*g meta\ tou= a)po\ th=s *z*b i)/son e)sti\ toi=s a)po\ tw=n *z*b, *b*d. koino\n a)fh|rh/sqw to\ a)po\ th=s *z*b: loipo\n a)/ra to\ u(po\ tw=n *a*d, *d*g i)/son e)sti\ tw=| a)po\ th=s *d*b e)fapto- me/nhs. a)lla\ dh\ h( *d*g*a mh\ e)/stw dia\ tou= ke/ntrou tou= *a*b*g ku/klou, kai\ ei)lh/fqw to\ ke/ntron to\ *e, kai\ a)po\ tou= *e e)pi\ th\n *a*g ka/qetos h)/xqw h( *e*z, kai\ e)pezeu/xqwsan ai( *e*b, *e*g, *e*d: o)rqh\ a)/ra e)sti\n h( u(po\ *e*b*d. kai\ e)pei\ eu)qei=a/ tis dia\ tou= ke/ntrou h( *e*z eu)qei=a/n tina mh\ dia\ tou= ke/n- trou th\n *a*g pro\s o)rqa\s te/mnei, kai\ di/xa au)th\n te/mnei: h( *a*z a)/ra th=| *z*g e)stin i)/sh. kai\ e)pei\ eu)qei=a h( *a*g te/tmh- tai di/xa kata\ to\ *z shmei=on, pro/skeitai de\ au)th=| h( *g*d, to\ a)/ra u(po\ tw=n *a*d, *d*g meta\ tou= a)po\ th=s *z*g i)/son e)sti\ tw=| a)po\ th=s *z*d. koino\n proskei/sqw to\ a)po\ th=s *z*e: to\ a)/ra u(po\ tw=n *a*d, *d*g meta\ tw=n a)po\ tw=n *g*z, *z*e i)/son e)sti\ toi=s a)po\ tw=n *z*d, *z*e. toi=s de\ a)po\ tw=n *g*z, *z*e i)/son e)sti\ to\ a)po\ th=s *e*g: o)rqh\ ga\r [e)stin] h( u(po\ *e*z*g [gw- ni/a]: toi=s de\ a)po\ tw=n *d*z, *z*e i)/son e)sti\ to\ a)po\ th=s *e*d: to\ a)/ra u(po\ tw=n *a*d, *d*g meta\ tou= a)po\ th=s *e*g i)/son e)sti\ tw=| a)po\ th=s *e*d. i)/sh de\ h( *e*g th=| *e*b: to\ a)/ra u(po\ tw=n *a*d, *d*g meta\ tou= a)po\ th=s *e*b i)/son e)sti\ tw=| a)po\ th=s *e*d. tw=| de\ a)po\ th=s *e*d i)/sa e)sti\ ta\ a)po\ tw=n *e*b, *b*d: o)rqh\ ga\r h( u(po\ *e*b*d gwni/a: to\ a)/ra u(po\ tw=n *a*d, *d*g meta\ tou= a)po\ th=s *e*b i)/son e)sti\ toi=s a)po\ tw=n *e*b, *b*d. koino\n a)fh|rh/sqw to\ a)po\ th=s *e*b: loipo\n a)/ra to\ u(po\ tw=n *a*d, *d*g i)/son e)sti\ tw=| a)po\ th=s *d*b. *)ea\n a)/ra ku/klou lhfqh=| ti shmei=on e)kto/s, kai\ a)p' au)tou= pro\s to\n ku/klon prospi/ptwsi du/o eu)qei=ai, kai\ h( me\n au)tw=n te/mnh| to\n ku/klon, h( de\ e)fa/pthtai, e)/stai to\ u(po\ o(/lhs th=s temnou/shs kai\ th=s e)kto\s a)polambanome/nhs metacu\ tou= te shmei/ou kai\ th=s kurth=s periferei/as i)/son tw=| a)po\ th=s e)faptome/nhs tetragw/nw|: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *)ea\n ku/klou lhfqh=| ti shmei=on e)kto/s, a)po\ de\ tou= sh- mei/ou pro\s to\n ku/klon prospi/ptwsi du/o eu)qei=ai, kai\ h( me\n au)tw=n te/mnh| to\n ku/klon, h( de\ prospi/pth|, h)=| de\ to\ u(po\ [th=s] o(/lhs th=s temnou/shs kai\ th=s e)kto\s a)polambano- me/nhs metacu\ tou= te shmei/ou kai\ th=s kurth=s periferei/as i)/son tw=| a)po\ th=s prospiptou/shs, h( prospi/ptousa e)f- a/yetai tou= ku/klou. ku/klou ga\r tou= *a*b*g ei)lh/fqw ti shmei=on e)kto\s to\ *d, kai\ a)po\ tou= *d pro\s to\n *a*b*g ku/klon prospipte/twsan du/o eu)qei=ai ai( *d*g*a, *d*b, kai\ h( me\n *d*g*a temne/tw to\n ku/klon, h( de\ *d*b prospipte/tw, e)/stw de\ to\ u(po\ tw=n *a*d, *d*g i)/son tw=| a)po\ th=s *d*b. le/gw, o(/ti h( *d*b e)fa/ptetai tou= *a*b*g ku/klou. *)/hxqw ga\r tou= *a*b*g e)faptome/nh h( *d*e, kai\ ei)lh/fqw to\ ke/ntron tou= *a*b*g ku/klou, kai\ e)/stw to\ *z, kai\ e)pezeu/- xqwsan ai( *z*e, *z*b, *z*d. h( a)/ra u(po\ *z*e*d o)rqh/ e)stin. kai\ e)pei\ h( *d*e e)fa/ptetai tou= *a*b*g ku/klou, te/mnei de\ h( *d*g*a, to\ a)/ra u(po\ tw=n *a*d, *d*g i)/son e)sti\ tw=| a)po\ th=s *d*e. h)=n de\ kai\ to\ u(po\ tw=n *a*d, *d*g i)/son tw=| a)po\ th=s *d*b: to\ a)/ra a)po\ th=s *d*e i)/son e)sti\ tw=| a)po\ th=s *d*b: i)/sh a)/ra h( *d*e th=| *d*b. e)sti\ de\ kai\ h( *z*e th=| *z*b i)/sh: du/o dh\ ai( *d*e, *e*z du/o tai=s *d*b, *b*z i)/sai ei)si/n: kai\ ba/sis au)tw=n koinh\ h( *z*d: gwni/a a)/ra h( u(po\ *d*e*z gwni/a| th=| u(po\ *d*b*z e)stin i)/sh. o)rqh\ de\ h( u(po\ *d*e*z: o)rqh\ a)/ra kai\ h( u(po\ *d*b*z. kai/ e)stin h( *z*b e)kballome/nh dia/metros: h( de\ th=| diame/trw| tou= ku/klou pro\s o)rqa\s a)p' a)/kras a)gome/nh e)fa/ptetai tou= ku/klou: h( *d*b a)/ra e)fa/ptetai tou= *a*b*g ku/klou. o(moi/ws dh\ deixqh/setai, ka)\n to\ ke/ntron e)pi\ th=s *a*g tugxa/nh|. *)ea\n a)/ra ku/klou lhfqh=| ti shmei=on e)kto/s, a)po\ de\ tou= shmei/ou pro\s to\n ku/klon prospi/ptwsi du/o eu)qei=ai, kai\ h( me\n au)tw=n te/mnh| to\n ku/klon, h( de\ prospi/pth|, h)=| de\ to\ u(po\ o(/lhs th=s temnou/shs kai\ th=s e)kto\s a)polambanome/nhs metacu\ tou= te shmei/ou kai\ th=s kurth=s periferei/as i)/son tw=| a)po\ th=s prospiptou/shs, h( prospi/ptousa e)fa/yetai tou= ku/klou: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai.

*sxh=ma eu)qu/grammon ei)s sxh=ma eu)qu/grammon e)g- gra/fesqai le/getai, o(/tan e(ka/sth tw=n tou= e)ggrafome/nou sxh/matos gwniw=n e(ka/sths pleura=s tou=, ei)s o(\ e)ggra/fetai, a(/pthtai. *sxh=ma de\ o(moi/ws peri\ sxh=ma perigra/fesqai le/ge- tai, o(/tan e(ka/sth pleura\ tou= perigrafome/nou e(ka/sths gwni/as tou=, peri\ o(\ perigra/fetai, a(/pthtai. *sxh=ma eu)qu/grammon ei)s ku/klon e)ggra/fesqai le/- getai, o(/tan e(ka/sth gwni/a tou= e)ggrafome/nou a(/pthtai th=s tou= ku/klou periferei/as. *sxh=ma de\ eu)qu/grammon peri\ ku/klon perigra/fesqai le/getai, o(/tan e(ka/sth pleura\ tou= perigrafome/nou e)fa/pth- tai th=s tou= ku/klou periferei/as. *ku/klos de\ ei)s sxh=ma o(moi/ws e)ggra/fesqai le/getai, o(/tan h( tou= ku/klou perife/reia e(ka/sths pleura=s tou=, ei)s o(\ e)ggra/fetai, a(/pthtai. *ku/klos de\ peri\ sxh=ma perigra/fesqai le/getai, o(/tan h( tou= ku/klou perife/reia e(ka/sths gwni/as tou=, peri\ o(\ perigra/fetai, a(/pthtai. *eu)qei=a ei)s ku/klon e)narmo/zesqai le/getai, o(/tan ta\ pe/rata au)th=s e)pi\ th=s periferei/as h)=| tou= ku/klou.

*ei)s to\n doqe/nta ku/klon th=| doqei/sh| eu)qei/a| mh\ mei/zoni ou)/sh| th=s tou= ku/klou diame/trou i)/shn eu)qei=an e)narmo/sai. *)/estw o( doqei\s ku/klos o( *a*b*g, h( de\ doqei=sa eu)qei=a mh\ mei/zwn th=s tou= ku/klou diame/trou h( *d. dei= dh\ ei)s to\n *a*b*g ku/klon th=| *d eu)qei/a| i)/shn eu)qei=an e)narmo/sai. *)/hxqw tou= *a*b*g ku/klou dia/metros h( *b*g. ei) me\n ou)=n i)/sh e)sti\n h( *b*g th=| *d, ge- gono\s a)\n ei)/h to\ e)pitaxqe/n: e)nh/rmostai ga\r ei)s to\n *a*b*g ku/klon th=| *d eu)qei/a| i)/sh h( *b*g. ei) de\ mei/zwn e)sti\n h( *b*g th=s *d, kei/sqw th=| *d i)/sh h( *g*e, kai\ ke/ntrw| tw=| *g diasth/mati de\ tw=| *g*e ku/klos gegra/- fqw o( *e*a*z, kai\ e)pezeu/xqw h( *g*a. *)epei\ ou)=n to\ *g shmei=on ke/ntron e)sti\ tou= *e*a*z ku/klou, i)/sh e)sti\n h( *g*a th=| *g*e. a)lla\ th=| *d h( *g*e e)stin i)/sh: kai\ h( *d a)/ra th=| *g*a e)stin i)/sh. *ei)s a)/ra to\n doqe/nta ku/klon to\n *a*b*g th=| doqei/sh| eu)qei/a| th=| *d i)/sh e)nh/rmostai h( *g*a: o(/per e)/dei poih=sai. *ei)s to\n doqe/nta ku/klon tw=| doqe/nti trigw/nw| i)sogw/nion tri/gwnon e)ggra/yai. *)/estw o( doqei\s ku/klos o( *a*b*g, to\ de\ doqe\n tri/gwnon to\ *d*e*z: dei= dh\ ei)s to\n *a*b*g ku/klon tw=| *d*e*z trigw/nw| i)sogw/nion tri/gwnon e)ggra/yai. *)/hxqw tou= *a*b*g ku/klou e)faptome/nh h( *h*q kata\ to\ *a, kai\ sunesta/tw pro\s th=| *a*q eu)qei/a| kai\ tw=| pro\s au)th=| shmei/w| tw=| *a th=| u(po\ *d*e*z gwni/a| i)/sh h( u(po\ *q*a*g, pro\s de\ th=| *a*h eu)qei/a| kai\ tw=| pro\s au)th=| shmei/w| tw=| *a th=| u(po\ *d*z*e [gwni/a|] i)/sh h( u(po\ *h*a*b, kai\ e)pezeu/xqw h( *b*g. *)epei\ ou)=n ku/klou tou= *a*b*g e)fa/ptetai/ tis eu)qei=a h( *a*q, kai\ a)po\ th=s kata\ to\ *a e)pafh=s ei)s to\n ku/klon dih=ktai eu)qei=a h( *a*g, h( a)/ra u(po\ *q*a*g i)/sh e)sti\ th=| e)n tw=| e)nalla\c tou= ku/klou tmh/mati gwni/a| th=| u(po\ *a*b*g. a)ll' h( u(po\ *q*a*g th=| u(po\ *d*e*z e)stin i)/sh: kai\ h( u(po\ *a*b*g a)/ra gwni/a th=| u(po\ *d*e*z e)stin i)/sh. dia\ ta\ au)ta\ dh\ kai\ h( u(po\ *a*g*b th=| u(po\ *d*z*e e)stin i)/sh: kai\ loiph\ a)/ra h( u(po\ *b*a*g loiph=| th=| u(po\ *e*d*z e)stin i)/sh: [i)sogw/nion a)/ra e)sti\ to\ *a*b*g tri/gwnon tw=| *d*e*z trigw/nw|, kai\ e)gge/graptai ei)s to\n *a*b*g ku/klon]. *ei)s to\n doqe/nta a)/ra ku/klon tw=| doqe/nti trigw/nw| i)so- gw/nion tri/gwnon e)gge/graptai: o(/per e)/dei poih=sai. *peri\ to\n doqe/nta ku/klon tw=| doqe/nti trigw/nw| i)sogw/- nion tri/gwnon perigra/yai. *)/estw o( doqei\s ku/klos o( *a*b*g, to\ de\ doqe\n tri/gwnon to\ *d*e*z: dei= dh\ peri\ to\n *a*b*g ku/klon tw=| *d*e*z tri- gw/nw| i)sogw/nion tri/gwnon perigra/yai. *)ekbeblh/sqw h( *e*z e)f' e(ka/tera ta\ me/rh kata\ ta\ *h, *q shmei=a, kai\ ei)lh/fqw tou= *a*b*g ku/klou ke/ntron to\ *k, kai\ dih/xqw, w(s e)/tuxen, eu)qei=a h( *k*b, kai\ sunesta/tw pro\s th=| *k*b eu)qei/a| kai\ tw=| pro\s au)th=| shmei/w| tw=| *k th=| me\n u(po\ *d*e*h gwni/a| i)/sh h( u(po\ *b*k*a, th=| de\ u(po\ *d*z*q i)/sh h( u(po\ *b*k*g, kai\ dia\ tw=n *a, *b, *g sh- mei/wn h)/xqwsan e)fapto/menai tou= *a*b*g ku/klou ai( *l*a*m, *m*b*n, *n*g*l. *kai\ e)pei\ e)fa/ptontai tou= *a*b*g ku/klou ai( *l*m, *m*n, *n*l kata\ ta\ *a, *b, *g shmei=a, a)po\ de\ tou= *k ke/ntrou e)pi\ ta\ *a, *b, *g shmei=a e)pezeugme/nai ei)si\n ai( *k*a, *k*b, *k*g, o)rqai\ a)/ra ei)si\n ai( pro\s toi=s *a, *b, *g shmei/ois gwni/ai. kai\ e)pei\ tou= *a*m*b*k tetrapleu/rou ai( te/ssares gwni/ai te/tra- sin o)rqai=s i)/sai ei)si/n, e)peidh/per kai\ ei)s du/o tri/gwna diai- rei=tai to\ *a*m*b*k, kai/ ei)sin o)rqai\ ai( u(po\ *k*a*m, *k*b*m gwni/ai, loipai\ a)/ra ai( u(po\ *a*k*b, *a*m*b dusi\n o)rqai=s i)/sai ei)si/n. ei)si\ de\ kai\ ai( u(po\ *d*e*h, *d*e*z dusi\n o)rqai=s i)/sai: ai( a)/ra u(po\ *a*k*b, *a*m*b tai=s u(po\ *d*e*h, *d*e*z i)/sai ei)si/n, w(=n h( u(po\ *a*k*b th=| u(po\ *d*e*h e)stin i)/sh: loiph\ a)/ra h( u(po\ *a*m*b loiph=| th=| u(po\ *d*e*z e)stin i)/sh. o(moi/ws dh\ deixqh/setai, o(/ti kai\ h( u(po\ *l*n*b th=| u(po\ *d*z*e e)stin i)/sh: kai\ loiph\ a)/ra h( u(po\ *m*l*n [loiph=|] th=| u(po\ *e*d*z e)stin i)/sh. i)sogw/nion a)/ra e)sti\ to\ *l*m*n tri/gwnon tw=| *d*e*z trigw/nw|: kai\ perige/graptai peri\ to\n *a*b*g ku/klon. *peri\ to\n doqe/nta a)/ra ku/klon tw=| doqe/nti trigw/nw| i)so- gw/nion tri/gwnon perige/graptai: o(/per e)/dei poih=sai. *ei)s to\ doqe\n tri/gwnon ku/klon e)ggra/yai. *)/estw to\ doqe\n tri/gwnon to\ *a*b*g: dei= dh\ ei)s to\ *a*b*g tri/gwnon ku/klon e)ggra/yai. *tetmh/sqwsan ai( u(po\ *a*b*g, *a*g*b gwni/ai di/xa tai=s *b*d, *g*d eu)qei/ais, kai\ sumballe/twsan a)llh/lais kata\ to\ *d shmei=on, kai\ h)/xqwsan a)po\ tou= *d e)pi\ ta\s *a*b, *b*g, *g*a eu)qei/as ka/qetoi ai( *d*e, *d*z, *d*h. *kai\ e)pei\ i)/sh e)sti\n h( u(po\ *a*b*d gwni/a th=| u(po\ *g*b*d, e)sti\ de\ kai\ o)rqh\ h( u(po\ *b*e*d o)rqh=| th=| u(po\ *b*z*d i)/sh, du/o dh\ tri/gwna/ e)sti ta\ *e*b*d, *z*b*d ta\s du/o gwni/as tai=s dusi\ gwni/ais i)/sas e)/xonta kai\ mi/an pleura\n mia=| pleura=| i)/shn th\n u(potei/nousan u(po\ mi/an tw=n i)/swn gwniw=n koinh\n au)tw=n th\n *b*d: kai\ ta\s loipa\s a)/ra pleura\s tai=s loipai=s pleurai=s i)/sas e(/cousin: i)/sh a)/ra h( *d*e th=| *d*z. dia\ ta\ au)ta\ dh\ kai\ h( *d*h th=| *d*z e)stin i)/sh. ai( trei=s a)/ra eu)qei=ai ai( *d*e, *d*z, *d*h i)/sai a)llh/lais ei)si/n: o( a)/ra ke/ntrw| tw=| *d kai\ dia- sth/mati e(ni\ tw=n *e, *z, *h ku/klos grafo/menos h(/cei kai\ dia\ tw=n loipw=n shmei/wn kai\ e)fa/yetai tw=n *a*b, *b*g, *g*a eu)qeiw=n dia\ to\ o)rqa\s ei)=nai ta\s pro\s toi=s *e, *z, *h shmei/ois gwni/as. ei) ga\r temei= au)ta/s, e)/stai h( th=| diame/trw| tou= ku/klou pro\s o)rqa\s a)p' a)/kras a)gome/nh e)nto\s pi/ptousa tou= ku/klou: o(/per a)/topon e)dei/xqh: ou)k a)/ra o( ke/ntrw| tw=| *d diasth/mati de\ e(ni\ tw=n *e, *z, *h grafo/menos ku/klos temei= ta\s *a*b, *b*g, *g*a eu)qei/as: e)fa/yetai a)/ra au)tw=n, kai\ e)/stai o( ku/klos e)ggegramme/nos ei)s to\ *a*b*g tri/gwnon. e)ggegra/fqw w(s o( *z*h*e. *ei)s a)/ra to\ doqe\n tri/gwnon to\ *a*b*g ku/klos e)gge/graptai o( *e*z*h: o(/per e)/dei poih=sai. *peri\ to\ doqe\n tri/gwnon ku/klon perigra/yai. *)/estw to\ doqe\n tri/gwnon to\ *a*b*g: dei= <h\>peri\ to\ do- qe\n tri/gwnon to\ *a*b*g ku/klon perigra/yai. *tetmh/sqwsan ai( *a*b, *a*g eu)qei=ai di/xa kata\ ta\ *d, *e shmei=a, kai\ a)po\ tw=n *d, *e shmei/wn tai=s *a*b, *a*g pro\s o(rqa\s h)/xqwsan ai( *d*z, *e*z: sumpesou=ntai dh\ h)/toi e)nto\s tou= *a*b*g trigw/nou h)\ e)pi\ th=s *b*g eu)qei/as h)\ e)kto\s th=s *b*g. *sumpipte/twsan pro/teron e)nto\s kata\ to\ *z, kai\ e)pezeu/- xqwsan ai( *z*b, *z*g, *z*a. kai\ e)pei\ i)/sh e)sti\n h( *a*d th=| *d*b, koinh\ de\ kai\ pro\s o)rqa\s h( *d*z, ba/sis a)/ra h( *a*z ba/sei th=| *z*b e)stin i)/sh. o(moi/ws dh\ dei/comen, o(/ti kai\ h( *g*z th=| *a*z e)stin i)/sh: w(/ste kai\ h( *z*b th=| *z*g e)stin i)/sh: ai( trei=s a)/ra ai( *z*a, *z*b, *z*g i)/sai a)llh/lais ei)si/n. o( a)/ra ke/n- trw| tw=| *z diasth/mati de\ e(ni\ tw=n *a, *b, *g ku/klos grafo/- menos h(/cei kai\ dia\ tw=n loipw=n shmei/wn, kai\ e)/stai peri- gegramme/nos o( ku/klos peri\ to\ *a*b*g tri/gwnon. peri- gegra/fqw w(s o( *a*b*g. *)alla\ dh\ ai( *d*z, *e*z sumpipte/twsan e)pi\ th=s *b*g eu)qei/as kata\ to\ *z, w(s e)/xei e)pi\ th=s deute/ras katagrafh=s, kai\ e)pezeu/xqw h( *a*z. o(moi/ws dh\ dei/comen, o(/ti to\ *z shmei=on ke/ntron e)sti\ tou= peri\ to\ *a*b*g tri/gwnon perigrafome/nou ku/klou. *)alla\ dh\ ai( *d*z, *e*z sumpipte/twsan e)kto\s tou= *a*b*g trigw/nou kata\ to\ *z pa/lin, w(s e)/xei e)pi\ th=s tri/ths kata- grafh=s, kai\ e)pezeu/xqwsan ai( *a*z, *b*z, *g*z. kai\ e)pei\ pa/lin i)/sh e)sti\n h( *a*d th=| *d*b, koinh\ de\ kai\ pro\s o)rqa\s h( *d*z, ba/sis a)/ra h( *a*z ba/sei th=| *b*z e)stin i)/sh. o(moi/ws dh\ dei/comen, o(/ti kai\ h( *g*z th=| *a*z e)stin i)/sh: w(/ste kai\ h( *b*z th=| *z*g e)stin i)/sh: o( a)/ra [pa/lin] ke/ntrw| tw=| *z dia- sth/mati de\ e(ni\ tw=n *z*a, *z*b, *z*g ku/klos grafo/menos h(/cei kai\ dia\ tw=n loipw=n shmei/wn, kai\ e)/stai perigegram- me/nos peri\ to\ *a*b*g tri/gwnon. *peri\ to\ doqe\n a)/ra tri/gwnon ku/klos perige/graptai: o(/per e)/dei poih=sai. [*po/risma] *kai\ fanero/n, o(/ti, o(/te me\n e)nto\s tou= trigw/nou pi/ptei to\ ke/ntron tou= ku/klou, h( u(po\ *b*a*g gwni/a e)n mei/zoni tmh/- mati tou= h(mikukli/ou tugxa/nousa e)la/ttwn e)sti\n o)rqh=s: o(/te de\ e)pi\ th=s *b*g eu)qei/as to\ ke/ntron pi/ptei, h( u(po\ *b*a*g gwni/a e)n h(mikukli/w| tugxa/nousa o)rqh/ e)stin: o(/te de\ to\ ke/ntron tou= ku/klou e)kto\s tou= trigw/nou pi/ptei, h( u(po\ *b*a*g e)n e)la/ttoni tmh/mati tou= h(mikukli/ou tugxa/nousa mei/zwn e)sti\n o)rqh=s. [w(/ste kai\ o(/tan e)la/ttwn o)rqh=s tug- xa/nh| h( didome/nh gwni/a, e)nto\s tou= trigw/nou pesou=ntai ai( *d*z, *e*z, o(/tan de\ o)rqh/, e)pi\ th=s *b*g, o(/tan de\ mei/zwn o)rqh=s, e)kto\s th=s *b*g: o(/per e)/dei poih=sai.] *ei)s to\n doqe/nta ku/klon tetra/gwnon e)ggra/yai. *)/estw o( doqei\s ku/klos o( *a*b*g*d: dei= dh\ ei)s to\n *a*b*g*d ku/klon tetra/gwnon e)ggra/yai. *)/hxqwsan tou= *a*b*g*d ku/klou du/o dia/metroi pro\s o)rqa\s a)llh/lais ai( *a*g, *b*d, kai\ e)pezeu/xqwsan ai( *a*b, *b*g, *g*d, *d*a. *kai\ e)pei\ i)/sh e)sti\n h( *b*e th=| *e*d: ke/ntron ga\r to\ *e: koinh\ de\ kai\ pro\s o)rqa\s h( *e*a, ba/sis a)/ra h( *a*b ba/sei th=| *a*d i)/sh e)sti/n. dia\ ta\ au)ta\ dh\ kai\ e(kate/ra tw=n *b*g, *g*d e(kate/ra| tw=n *a*b, *a*d i)/sh e)sti/n: i)so/pleuron a)/ra e)sti\ to\ *a*b*g*d tetra/pleuron. le/gw dh/, o(/ti kai\ o)rqogw/- nion. e)pei\ ga\r h( *b*d eu)qei=a dia/metro/s e)sti tou= *a*b*g*d ku/klou, h(miku/klion a)/ra e)sti\ to\ *b*a*d: o)rqh\ a)/ra h( u(po\ *b*a*d gwni/a. dia\ ta\ au)ta\ dh\ kai\ e(ka/sth tw=n u(po\ *a*b*g, *b*g*d, *g*d*a o)rqh/ e)stin: o)rqogw/nion a)/ra e)sti\ to\ *a*b*g*d tetra/- pleuron. e)dei/xqh de\ kai\ i)so/pleuron: tetra/gwnon a)/ra e)sti/n. kai\ e)gge/graptai ei)s to\n *a*b*g*d ku/klon. *ei)s a)/ra to\n doqe/nta ku/klon tetra/gwnon e)gge/graptai to\ *a*b*g*d: o(/per e)/dei poih=sai. *peri\ to\n doqe/nta ku/klon tetra/gwnon perigra/yai. *)/estw o( doqei\s ku/klos o( *a*b*g*d: dei= dh\ peri\ to\n *a*b*g*d ku/klon tetra/gwnon perigra/yai. *)/hxqwsan tou= *a*b*g*d ku/klou du/o dia/metroi pro\s o)rqa\s a)llh/lais ai( *a*g, *b*d, kai\ dia\ tw=n *a, *b, *g, *d sh- mei/wn h)/xqwsan e)fapto/menai tou= *a*b*g*d ku/klou ai( *z*h, *h*q, *q*k, *k*z. *)epei\ ou)=n e)fa/ptetai h( *z*h tou= *a*b*g*d ku/klou, a)po\ de\ tou= *e ke/ntrou e)pi\ th\n kata\ to\ *a e)pafh\n e)pe/zeuktai h( *e*a, ai( a)/ra pro\s tw=| *a gwni/ai o)rqai/ ei)sin. dia\ ta\ au)ta\ dh\ kai\ ai( pro\s toi=s *b, *g, *d shmei/ois gwni/ai o)rqai/ ei)sin. kai\ e)pei\ o)rqh/ e)stin h( u(po\ *a*e*b gwni/a, e)sti\ de\ o)rqh\ kai\ h( u(po\ *e*b*h, para/llhlos a)/ra e)sti\n h( *h*q th=| *a*g. dia\ ta\ au)ta\ dh\ kai\ h( *a*g th=| *z*k e)sti para/llhlos. w(/ste kai\ h( *h*q th=| *z*k e)sti para/llhlos. o(moi/ws dh\ dei/comen, o(/ti kai\ e(kate/ra tw=n *h*z, *q*k th=| *b*e*d e)sti para/llhlos. parallhlo/gramma a)/ra e)sti\ ta\ *h*k, *h*g, *a*k, *z*b, *b*k: i)/sh a)/ra e)sti\n h( me\n *h*z th=| *q*k, h( de\ *h*q th=| *z*k. kai\ e)pei\ i)/sh e)sti\n h( *a*g th=| *b*d, a)lla\ kai\ h( me\n *a*g e(kate/ra| tw=n *h*q, *z*k, h( de\ *b*d e(kate/ra| tw=n *h*z, *q*k e)stin i)/sh [kai\ e(kate/ra a)/ra tw=n *h*q, *z*k e(kate/ra| tw=n *h*z, *q*k e)stin i)/sh], i)so/pleuron a)/ra e)sti\ to\ *z*h*q*k tetra/- pleuron. le/gw dh/, o(/ti kai\ o)rqogw/nion. e)pei\ ga\r parallh- lo/grammo/n e)sti to\ *h*b*e*a, kai/ e)stin o)rqh\ h( u(po\ *a*e*b, o)rqh\ a)/ra kai\ h( u(po\ *a*h*b. o(moi/ws dh\ dei/comen, o(/ti kai\ ai( pro\s toi=s *q, *k, *z gwni/ai o)rqai/ ei)sin. o)rqogw/nion a)/ra e)sti\ to\ *z*h*q*k. e)dei/xqh de\ kai\ i)so/pleuron: tetra/gwnon a)/ra e)sti/n. kai\ perige/graptai peri\ to\n *a*b*g*d ku/klon. *peri\ to\n doqe/nta a)/ra ku/klon tetra/gwnon perige/gra- ptai: o(/per e)/dei poih=sai. *ei)s to\ doqe\n tetra/gwnon ku/klon e)ggra/yai. *)/estw to\ doqe\n tetra/gwnon to\ *a*b*g*d: dei= dh\ ei)s to\ *a*b*g*d tetra/gwnon ku/klon e)ggra/yai. *tetmh/sqw e(kate/ra tw=n *a*d, *a*b di/xa kata\ ta\ *e, *z shmei=a, kai\ dia\ me\n tou= *e o(pote/ra| tw=n *a*b, *g*d para/l- lhlos h)/xqw h( *e*q, dia\ de\ tou= *z o(pote/ra| tw=n *a*d, *b*g para/llhlos h)/xqw h( *z*k: parallhlo/grammon a)/ra e)sti\n e(/kaston tw=n *a*k, *k*b, *a*q, *q*d, *a*h, *h*g, *b*h, *h*d, kai\ ai( a)penanti/on au)tw=n pleurai\ dhlono/ti i)/sai [ei)si/n]. kai\ e)pei\ i)/sh e)sti\n h( *a*d th=| *a*b, kai/ e)sti th=s me\n *a*d h(mi/seia h( *a*e, th=s de\ *a*b h(mi/seia h( *a*z, i)/sh a)/ra kai\ h( *a*e th=| *a*z: w(/ste kai\ ai( a)penanti/on: i)/sh a)/ra kai\ h( *z*h th=| *h*e. o(moi/ws dh\ dei/comen, o(/ti kai\ e(kate/ra tw=n *h*q, *h*k e(kate/ra| tw=n *z*h, *h*e e)stin i)/sh: ai( te/ssares a)/ra ai( *h*e, *h*z, *h*q, *h*k i)/sai a)llh/lais [ei)si/n]. o( a)/ra ke/ntrw| me\n tw=| *h diasth/mati de\ e(ni\ tw=n *e, *z, *q, *k ku/klos grafo/menos h(/cei kai\ dia\ tw=n loipw=n shmei/wn: kai\ e)fa/yetai tw=n *a*b, *b*g, *g*d, *d*a eu)qeiw=n dia\ to\ o)rqa\s ei)=nai ta\s pro\s toi=s *e, *z, *q, *k gwni/as: ei) ga\r temei= o( ku/klos ta\s *a*b, *b*g, *g*d, *d*a, h( th=| diame/trw| tou= ku/klou pro\s o)rqa\s a)p' a)/kras a)gome/nh e)nto\s pesei=tai tou= ku/klou: o(/per a)/topon e)dei/xqh. ou)k a)/ra o( ke/ntrw| tw=| *h diasth/mati de\ e(ni\ tw=n *e, *z, *q, *k ku/klos grafo/menos temei= ta\s *a*b, *b*g, *g*d, *d*a eu)qei/as. e)fa/yetai a)/ra au)- tw=n kai\ e)/stai e)ggegramme/nos ei)s to\ *a*b*g*d tetra/gwnon. *ei)s a)/ra to\ doqe\n tetra/gwnon ku/klos e)gge/graptai: o(/per e)/dei poih=sai. *peri\ to\ doqe\n tetra/gwnon ku/klon perigra/yai. *)/estw to\ doqe\n tetra/gwnon to\ *a*b*g*d: dei= dh\ peri\ to\ *a*b*g*d tetra/gwnon ku/klon perigra/yai. *)epizeuxqei=sai ga\r ai( *a*g, *b*d temne/twsan a)llh/las kata\ to\ *e. *kai\ e)pei\ i)/sh e)sti\n h( *d*a th=| *a*b, koinh\ de\ h( *a*g, du/o dh\ ai( *d*a, *a*g dusi\ tai=s *b*a, *a*g i)/sai ei)si/n: kai\ ba/sis h( *d*g ba/sei th=| *b*g i)/sh: gwni/a a)/ra h( u(po\ *d*a*g gwni/a| th=| u(po\ *b*a*g i)/sh e)sti/n: h( a)/ra u(po\ *d*a*b gwni/a di/xa te/tmhtai u(po\ th=s *a*g. o(moi/ws dh\ dei/comen, o(/ti kai\ e(ka/sth tw=n u(po\ *a*b*g, *b*g*d, *g*d*a di/xa te/tmhtai u(po\ tw=n *a*g, *d*b eu)qeiw=n. kai\ e)pei\ i)/sh e)sti\n h( u(po\ *d*a*b gwni/a th=| u(po\ *a*b*g, kai/ e)sti th=s me\n u(po\ *d*a*b h(mi/seia h( u(po\ *e*a*b, th=s de\ u(po\ *a*b*g h(mi/seia h( u(po\ *e*b*a, kai\ h( u(po\ *e*a*b a)/ra th=| u(po\ *e*b*a e)stin i)/sh: w(/ste kai\ pleura\ h( *e*a th=| *e*b e)stin i)/sh. o(moi/ws dh\ dei/comen, o(/ti kai\ e(kate/ra tw=n *e*a, *e*b [eu)qeiw=n] e(kate/ra| tw=n *e*g, *e*d i)/sh e)sti/n. ai( te/ssares a)/ra ai( *e*a, *e*b, *e*g, *e*d i)/sai a)llh/lais ei)si/n. o( a)/ra ke/ntrw| tw=| *e kai\ diasth/mati e(ni\ tw=n *a, *b, *g, *d ku/klos grafo/menos h(/cei kai\ dia\ tw=n loipw=n shmei/wn kai\ e)/stai perigegramme/nos peri\ to\ *a*b*g*d tetra/gwnon. perigegra/fqw w(s o( *a*b*g*d. *peri\ to\ doqe\n a)/ra tetra/gwnon ku/klos perige/graptai: o(/per e)/dei poih=sai. *)isoskele\s tri/gwnon susth/sasqai e)/xon e(kate/ran tw=n pro\s th=| ba/sei gwniw=n diplasi/ona th=s loiph=s. *)ekkei/sqw tis eu)qei=a h( *a*b, kai\ tetmh/sqw kata\ to\ *g shmei=on, w(/ste to\ u(po\ tw=n *a*b, *b*g periexo/menon o)rqo- gw/nion i)/son ei)=nai tw=| a)po\ th=s *g*a tetragw/nw|: kai\ ke/ntrw| tw=| *a kai\ diasth/mati tw=| *a*b ku/klos gegra/- fqw o( *b*d*e, kai\ e)nhrmo/sqw ei)s to\n *b*d*e ku/klon th=| *a*g eu)qei/a| mh\ mei/- zoni ou)/sh| th=s tou= *b*d*e ku/klou dia- me/trou i)/sh eu)qei=a h( *b*d: kai\ e)pezeu/- xqwsan ai( *a*d, *d*g, kai\ perigegra/fqw peri\ to\ *a*g*d tri/gwnon ku/klos o( *a*g*d. *kai\ e)pei\ to\ u(po\ tw=n *a*b, *b*g i)/son e)sti\ tw=| a)po\ th=s *a*g, i)/sh de\ h( *a*g th=| *b*d, to\ a)/ra u(po\ tw=n *a*b, *b*g i)/son e)sti\ tw=| a)po\ th=s *b*d. kai\ e)pei\ ku/klou tou= *a*g*d ei)/lhptai/ ti shmei=on e)kto\s to\ *b, kai\ a)po\ tou= *b pro\s to\n *a*g*d ku/klon prospeptw/kasi du/o eu)qei=ai ai( *b*a, *b*d, kai\ h( me\n au)tw=n te/mnei, h( de\ prospi/ptei, kai/ e)sti to\ u(po\ tw=n *a*b, *b*g i)/son tw=| a)po\ th=s *b*d, h( *b*d a)/ra e)fa/ptetai tou= *a*g*d ku/klou. e)pei\ ou)=n e)fa/ptetai me\n h( *b*d, a)po\ de\ th=s kata\ to\ *d e)pafh=s dih=ktai h( *d*g, h( a)/ra u(po\ *b*d*g gwni/a i)/sh e)sti\ th=| e)n tw=| e)nalla\c tou= ku/klou tmh/mati gwni/a| th=| u(po\ *d*a*g. e)pei\ ou)=n i)/sh e)sti\n h( u(po\ *b*d*g th=| u(po\ *d*a*g, koinh\ proskei/sqw h( u(po\ *g*d*a: o(/lh a)/ra h( u(po\ *b*d*a i)/sh e)sti\ dusi\ tai=s u(po\ *g*d*a, *d*a*g. a)lla\ tai=s u(po\ *g*d*a, *d*a*g i)/sh e)sti\n h( e)kto\s h( u(po\ *b*g*d: kai\ h( u(po\ *b*d*a a)/ra i)/sh e)sti\ th=| u(po\ *b*g*d. a)lla\ h( u(po\ *b*d*a th=| u(po\ *g*b*d e)stin i)/sh, e)pei\ kai\ pleura\ h( *a*d th=| *a*b e)stin i)/sh: w(/ste kai\ h( u(po\ *d*b*a th=| u(po\ *b*g*d e)stin i)/sh. ai( trei=s a)/ra ai( u(po\ *b*d*a, *d*b*a, *b*g*d i)/sai a)llh/lais ei)si/n. kai\ e)pei\ i)/sh e)sti\n h( u(po\ *d*b*g gwni/a th=| u(po\ *b*g*d, i)/sh e)sti\ kai\ pleura\ h( *b*d pleura=| th=| *d*g. a)lla\ h( *b*d th=| *g*a u(po/keitai i)/sh: kai\ h( *g*a a)/ra th=| *g*d e)stin i)/sh: w(/ste kai\ gwni/a h( u(po\ *g*d*a gwni/a| th=| u(po\ *d*a*g e)stin i)/sh: ai( a)/ra u(po\ *g*d*a, *d*a*g th=s u(po\ *d*a*g ei)si diplasi/ous. i)/sh de\ h( u(po\ *b*g*d tai=s u(po\ *g*d*a, *d*a*g: kai\ h( u(po\ *b*g*d a)/ra th=s u(po\ *g*a*d e)sti diplh=. i)/sh de\ h( u(po\ *b*g*d e(kate/ra| tw=n u(po\ *b*d*a, *d*b*a: kai\ e(kate/ra a)/ra tw=n u(po\ *b*d*a, *d*b*a th=s u(po\ *d*a*b e)sti diplh=. *)isoskele\s a)/ra tri/gwnon sune/statai to\ *a*b*d e)/xon e(kate/ran tw=n pro\s th=| *d*b ba/sei gwniw=n diplasi/ona th=s loiph=s: o(/per e)/dei poih=sai. *ei)s to\n doqe/nta ku/klon penta/gwnon i)so/pleuro/n te kai\ i)sogw/nion e)ggra/yai. *)/estw o( doqei\s ku/klos o( *a*b*g*d*e: dei= dh\ ei)s to\n *a*b*g*d*e ku/klon penta/gwnon i)so/pleuro/n te kai\ i)sogw/- nion e)ggra/yai. *)ekkei/sqw tri/gwnon i)soskele\s to\ *z*h*q diplasi/ona e)/xon e(kate/ran tw=n pro\s toi=s *h, *q gwniw=n th=s pro\s tw=| *z, kai\ e)ggegra/fqw ei)s to\n *a*b*g*d*e ku/klon tw=| *z*h*q trigw/nw| i)sogw/nion tri/gwnon to\ *a*g*d, w(/ste th=| me\n pro\s tw=| *z gwni/a| i)/shn ei)=nai th\n u(po\ *g*a*d, e(kate/ran de\ tw=n pro\s toi=s *h, *q i)/shn e(kate/ra| tw=n u(po\ *a*g*d, *g*d*a: kai\ e(kate/ra a)/ra tw=n u(po\ *a*g*d, *g*d*a th=s u(po\ *g*a*d e)sti diplh=. tetmh/sqw dh\ e(kate/ra tw=n u(po\ *a*g*d, *g*d*a di/xa u(po\ e(kate/ras tw=n *g*e, *d*b eu)qeiw=n, kai\ e)pezeu/xqwsan ai( *a*b, *b*g, [*g*d], *d*e, *e*a. *)epei\ ou)=n e(kate/ra tw=n u(po\ *a*g*d, *g*d*a gwniw=n dipla- si/wn e)sti\ th=s u(po\ *g*a*d, kai\ tetmhme/nai ei)si\ di/xa u(po\ tw=n *g*e, *d*b eu)qeiw=n, ai( pe/nte a)/ra gwni/ai ai( u(po\ *d*a*g, *a*g*e, *e*g*d, *g*d*b, *b*d*a i)/sai a)llh/lais ei)si/n. ai( de\ i)/sai gwni/ai e)pi\ i)/swn perifereiw=n bebh/kasin: ai( pe/nte a)/ra perife/reiai ai( *a*b, *b*g, *g*d, *d*e, *e*a i)/sai a)llh/lais ei)si/n. u(po\ de\ ta\s i)/sas periferei/as i)/sai eu)qei=ai u(potei/nou- sin: ai( pe/nte a)/ra eu)qei=ai ai( *a*b, *b*g, *g*d, *d*e, *e*a i)/sai a)llh/lais ei)si/n: i)so/pleuron a)/ra e)sti\ to\ *a*b*g*d*e penta/- gwnon. le/gw dh/, o(/ti kai\ i)sogw/nion. e)pei\ ga\r h( *a*b peri- fe/reia th=| *d*e periferei/a| e)sti\n i)/sh, koinh\ proskei/sqw h( *b*g*d: o(/lh a)/ra h( *a*b*g*d perife/reia o(/lh| th=| *e*d*g*b periferei/a| e)sti\n i)/sh. kai\ be/bhken e)pi\ me\n th=s *a*b*g*d periferei/as gwni/a h( u(po\ *a*e*d, e)pi\ de\ th=s *e*d*g*b peri- ferei/as gwni/a h( u(po\ *b*a*e: kai\ h( u(po\ *b*a*e a)/ra gwni/a th=| u(po\ *a*e*d e)stin i)/sh. dia\ ta\ au)ta\ dh\ kai\ e(ka/sth tw=n u(po\ *a*b*g, *b*g*d, *g*d*e gwniw=n e(kate/ra| tw=n u(po\ *b*a*e, *a*e*d e)stin i)/sh: i)sogw/nion a)/ra e)sti\ to\ *a*b*g*d*e penta/- gwnon. e)dei/xqh de\ kai\ i)so/pleuron. *ei)s a)/ra to\n doqe/nta ku/klon penta/gwnon i)so/pleuro/n te kai\ i)sogw/nion e)gge/graptai: o(/per e)/dei poih=sai. *peri\ to\n doqe/nta ku/klon penta/gwnon i)so/pleuro/n te kai\ i)sogw/nion perigra/yai. *)/estw o( doqei\s ku/klos o( *a*b*g*d*e: dei= <h\>peri\ to\n *a*b*g*d*e ku/klon penta/gwnon i)so/pleuro/n te kai\ i)sogw/nion perigra/yai. *nenoh/sqw tou= e)ggegramme/nou pentagw/nou tw=n gw- niw=n shmei=a ta\ *a, *b, *g, *d, *e, w(/ste i)/sas ei)=nai ta\s *a*b, *b*g, *g*d, *d*e, *e*a periferei/as: kai\ dia\ tw=n *a, *b, *g, *d, *e h)/xqwsan tou= ku/klou e)fapto/menai ai( *h*q, *q*k, *k*l, *l*m, *m*h, kai\ ei)lh/fqw tou= *a*b*g*d*e ku/klou ke/ntron to\ *z, kai\ e)pezeu/xqwsan ai( *z*b, *z*k, *z*g, *z*l, *z*d. *kai\ e)pei\ h( me\n *k*l eu)qei=a e)fa/ptetai tou= *a*b*g*d*e kata\ to\ *g, a)po\ de\ tou= *z ke/ntrou e)pi\ th\n kata\ to\ *g e)pafh\n e)pe/zeuktai h( *z*g, h( *z*g a)/ra ka/qeto/s e)stin e)pi\ th\n *k*l: o)rqh\ a)/ra e)sti\n e(kate/ra tw=n pro\s tw=| *g gwniw=n. dia\ ta\ au)ta\ dh\ kai\ ai( pro\s toi=s *b, *d shmei/ois gwni/ai o)rqai/ ei)sin. kai\ e)pei\ o)rqh/ e)stin h( u(po\ *z*g*k gwni/a, to\ a)/ra a)po\ th=s *z*k i)/son e)sti\ toi=s a)po\ tw=n *z*g, *g*k. dia\ ta\ au)ta\ dh\ kai\ toi=s a)po\ tw=n *z*b, *b*k i)/son e)sti\ to\ a)po\ th=s *z*k: w(/ste ta\ a)po\ tw=n *z*g, *g*k toi=s a)po\ tw=n *z*b, *b*k e)stin i)/sa, w(=n to\ a)po\ th=s *z*g tw=| a)po\ th=s *z*b e)stin i)/son: loipo\n a)/ra to\ a)po\ th=s *g*k tw=| a)po\ th=s *b*k e)stin i)/son. i)/sh a)/ra h( *b*k th=| *g*k. kai\ e)pei\ i)/sh e)sti\n h( *z*b th=| *z*g, kai\ koinh\ h( *z*k, du/o dh\ ai( *b*z, *z*k dusi\ tai=s *g*z, *z*k i)/sai ei)si/n: kai\ ba/sis h( *b*k ba/sei th=| *g*k [e)stin] i)/sh: gwni/a a)/ra h( me\n u(po\ *b*z*k [gwni/a|] th=| u(po\ *k*z*g e)stin i)/sh: h( de\ u(po\ *b*k*z th=| u(po\ *z*k*g: diplh= a)/ra h( me\n u(po\ *b*z*g th=s u(po\ *k*z*g, h( de\ u(po\ *b*k*g th=s u(po\ *z*k*g. dia\ ta\ au)ta\ dh\ kai\ h( me\n u(po\ *g*z*d th=s u(po\ *g*z*l e)sti diplh=, h( de\ u(po\ *d*l*g th=s u(po\ *z*l*g. kai\ e)pei\ i)/sh e)sti\n h( *b*g perife/reia th=| *g*d, i)/sh e)sti\ kai\ gwni/a h( u(po\ *b*z*g th=| u(po\ *g*z*d. kai/ e)stin h( me\n u(po\ *b*z*g th=s u(po\ *k*z*g diplh=, h( de\ u(po\ *d*z*g th=s u(po\ *l*z*g: i)/sh a)/ra kai\ h( u(po\ *k*z*g th=| u(po\ *l*z*g: e)sti\ de\ kai\ h( u(po\ *z*g*k gwni/a th=| u(po\ *z*g*l i)/sh. du/o dh\ tri/gwna/ e)sti ta\ *z*k*g, *z*l*g ta\s du/o gwni/as tai=s dusi\ gwni/ais i)/sas e)/xonta kai\ mi/an pleu- ra\n mia=| pleura=| i)/shn koinh\n au)tw=n th\n *z*g: kai\ ta\s loipa\s a)/ra pleura\s tai=s loipai=s pleurai=s i)/sas e(/cei kai\ th\n loiph\n gwni/an th=| loiph=| gwni/a|: i)/sh a)/ra h( me\n *k*g eu)qei=a th=| *g*l, h( de\ u(po\ *z*k*g gwni/a th=| u(po\ *z*l*g. kai\ e)pei\ i)/sh e)sti\n h( *k*g th=| *g*l, diplh= a)/ra h( *k*l th=s *k*g. dia\ ta\ au)ta\ dh\ deixqh/setai kai\ h( *q*k th=s *b*k diplh=. kai/ e)stin h( *b*k th=| *k*g i)/sh: kai\ h( *q*k a)/ra th=| *k*l e)stin i)/sh. o(moi/ws dh\ deixqh/setai kai\ e(ka/sth tw=n *q*h, *h*m, *m*l e(kate/ra| tw=n *q*k, *k*l i)/sh: i)so/pleuron a)/ra e)sti\ to\ *h*q*k*l*m penta/gwnon. le/gw dh/, o(/ti kai\ i)sogw/nion. e)pei\ ga\r i)/sh e)sti\n h( u(po\ *z*k*g gwni/a th=| u(po\ *z*l*g, kai\ e)dei/xqh th=s me\n u(po\ *z*k*g diplh= h( u(po\ *q*k*l, th=s de\ u(po\ *z*l*g diplh= h( u(po\ *k*l*m, kai\ h( u(po\ *q*k*l a)/ra th=| u(po\ *k*l*m e)stin i)/sh. o(moi/ws dh\ deixqh/setai kai\ e(ka/sth tw=n u(po\ *k*q*h, *q*h*m, *h*m*l e(kate/ra| tw=n u(po\ *q*k*l, *k*l*m i)/sh: ai( pe/nte a)/ra gwni/ai ai( u(po\ *h*q*k, *q*k*l, *k*l*m, *l*m*h, *m*h*q i)/sai a)llh/lais ei)si/n. i)sogw/nion a)/ra e)sti\ to\ *h*q*k*l*m penta/gwnon. e)dei/xqh de\ kai\ i)so/pleuron, kai\ perige/graptai peri\ to\n *a*b*g*d*e ku/klon. [*peri\ to\n doqe/nta a)/ra ku/klon penta/gwnon i)so/pleuro/n te kai\ i)sogw/nion perige/graptai]: o(/per e)/dei poih=sai. *ei)s to\ doqe\n penta/gwnon, o(/ e)stin i)so/pleuro/n te kai\ i)sogw/nion, ku/klon e)ggra/yai. *)/estw to\ doqe\n penta/gwnon i)so/pleuro/n te kai\ i)sogw/nion to\ *a*b*g*d*e: dei= dh\ ei)s to\ *a*b*g*d*e penta/gwnon ku/klon e)ggra/yai. *tetmh/sqw ga\r e(kate/ra tw=n u(po\ *b*g*d, *g*d*e gwniw=n di/xa u(po\ e(kate/ras tw=n *g*z, *d*z eu)qeiw=n: kai\ a)po\ tou= *z shmei/ou, kaq' o(\ sumba/llousin a)llh/lais ai( *g*z, *d*z eu)qei=ai, e)pezeu/xqwsan ai( *z*b, *z*a, *z*e eu)qei=ai. kai\ e)pei\ i)/sh e)sti\n h( *b*g th=| *g*d, koinh\ de\ h( *g*z, du/o dh\ ai( *b*g, *g*z dusi\ tai=s *d*g, *g*z i)/sai ei)si/n: kai\ gwni/a h( u(po\ *b*g*z gwni/a| th=| u(po\ *d*g*z [e)stin] i)/sh: ba/sis a)/ra h( *b*z ba/sei th=| *d*z e)stin i)/sh, kai\ to\ *b*g*z tri/gwnon tw=| *d*g*z trigw/nw| e)stin i)/son, kai\ ai( loipai\ gwni/ai tai=s loi- pai=s gwni/ais i)/sai e)/sontai, u(f' a(\s ai( i)/sai pleurai\ u(potei/nousin: i)/sh a)/ra h( u(po\ *g*b*z gwni/a th=| u(po\ *g*d*z. kai\ e)pei\ diplh= e)stin h( u(po\ *g*d*e th=s u(po\ *g*d*z, i)/sh de\ h( me\n u(po\ *g*d*e th=| u(po\ *a*b*g, h( de\ u(po\ *g*d*z th=| u(po\ *g*b*z, kai\ h( u(po\ *g*b*a a)/ra th=s u(po\ *g*b*z e)sti diplh=: i)/sh a)/ra h( u(po\ *a*b*z gwni/a th=| u(po\ *z*b*g: h( a)/ra u(po\ *a*b*g gwni/a di/xa te/tmhtai u(po\ th=s *b*z eu)qei/as. o(moi/ws dh\ deixqh/setai, o(/ti kai\ e(kate/ra tw=n u(po\ *b*a*e, *a*e*d di/xa te/tmhtai u(po\ e(kate/ras tw=n *z*a, *z*e eu)qeiw=n. h)/xqwsan dh\ a)po\ tou= *z shmei/ou e)pi\ ta\s *a*b, *b*g, *g*d, *d*e, *e*a eu)qei/as ka/qetoi ai( *z*h, *z*q, *z*k, *z*l, *z*m. kai\ e)pei\ i)/sh e)sti\n h( u(po\ *q*g*z gwni/a th=| u(po\ *k*g*z, e)sti\ de\ kai\ o)rqh\ h( u(po\ *z*q*g [o)rqh=|] th=| u(po\ *z*k*g i)/sh, du/o dh\ tri/gwna/ e)sti ta\ *z*q*g, *z*k*g ta\s du/o gwni/as dusi\ gwni/ais i)/sas e)/xonta kai\ mi/an pleura\n mia=| pleura=| i)/shn koinh\n au)tw=n th\n *z*g u(potei/nousan u(po\ mi/an tw=n i)/swn gwniw=n: kai\ ta\s loipa\s a)/ra pleura\s tai=s loipai=s pleurai=s i)/sas e(/cei: i)/sh a)/ra h( *z*q ka/qetos th=| *z*k kaq- e/tw|. o(moi/ws dh\ deixqh/setai, o(/ti kai\ e(ka/sth tw=n *z*l, *z*m, *z*h e(kate/ra| tw=n *z*q, *z*k i)/sh e)sti/n: ai( pe/nte a)/ra eu)qei=ai ai( *z*h, *z*q, *z*k, *z*l, *z*m i)/sai a)llh/lais ei)si/n. o( a)/ra ke/ntrw| tw=| *z diasth/mati de\ e(ni\ tw=n *h, *q, *k, *l, *m ku/klos grafo/menos h(/cei kai\ dia\ tw=n loipw=n shmei/wn kai\ e)fa/yetai tw=n *a*b, *b*g, *g*d, *d*e, *e*a eu)qeiw=n dia\ to\ o)rqa\s ei)=nai ta\s pro\s toi=s *h, *q, *k, *l, *m shmei/ois gw- ni/as. ei) ga\r ou)k e)fa/yetai au)tw=n, a)lla\ temei= au)ta/s, sum- bh/setai th\n th=| diame/trw| tou= ku/klou pro\s o)rqa\s a)p' a)/kras a)gome/nhn e)nto\s pi/ptein tou= ku/klou: o(/per a)/topon e)dei/xqh. ou)k a)/ra o( ke/ntrw| tw=| *z diasth/mati de\ e(ni\ tw=n *h, *q, *k, *l, *m shmei/wn grafo/menos ku/klos temei= ta\s *a*b, *b*g, *g*d, *d*e, *e*a eu)qei/as: e)fa/yetai a)/ra au)tw=n. gegra/fqw w(s o( *h*q*k*l*m. *ei)s a)/ra to\ doqe\n penta/gwnon, o(/ e)stin i)so/pleuro/n te kai\ i)sogw/nion, ku/klos e)gge/graptai: o(/per e)/dei poih=sai. *peri\ to\ doqe\n penta/gwnon, o(/ e)stin i)so/pleuro/n te kai\ i)sogw/nion, ku/klon perigra/yai. *)/estw to\ doqe\n penta/gwnon, o(/ e)stin i)so/pleuro/n te kai\ i)sogw/nion, to\ *a*b*g*d*e: dei= dh\ peri\ to\ *a*b*g*d*e penta/- gwnon ku/klon perigra/yai. *tetmh/sqw dh\ e(kate/ra tw=n u(po\ *b*g*d, *g*d*e gwniw=n di/xa u(po\ e(kate/ras tw=n *g*z, *d*z, kai\ a)po\ tou= *z shmei/ou, kaq' o(\ sumba/llousin ai( eu)qei=ai, e)pi\ ta\ *b, *a, *e shmei=a e)pezeu/xqwsan eu)qei=ai ai( *z*b, *z*a, *z*e. o(moi/ws dh\ tw=| pro\ tou/tou deixqh/setai, o(/ti kai\ e(ka/sth tw=n u(po\ *g*b*a, *b*a*e, *a*e*d gwniw=n di/xa te/tmhtai u(po\ e(ka/sths tw=n *z*b, *z*a, *z*e eu)qeiw=n. kai\ e)pei\ i)/sh e)sti\n h( u(po\ *b*g*d gwni/a th=| u(po\ *g*d*e, kai/ e)sti th=s me\n u(po\ *b*g*d h(mi/seia h( u(po\ *z*g*d, th=s de\ u(po\ *g*d*e h(mi/seia h( u(po\ *g*d*z, kai\ h( u(po\ *z*g*d a)/ra th=| u(po\ *z*d*g e)stin i)/sh: w(/ste kai\ pleura\ h( *z*g pleura=| th=| *z*d e)stin i)/sh. o(moi/ws dh\ dei- xqh/setai, o(/ti kai\ e(ka/sth tw=n *z*b, *z*a, *z*e e(kate/ra| tw=n *z*g, *z*d e)stin i)/sh: ai( pe/nte a)/ra eu)qei=ai ai( *z*a, *z*b, *z*g, *z*d, *z*e i)/sai a)llh/lais ei)si/n. o( a)/ra ke/ntrw| tw=| *z kai\ diasth/mati e(ni\ tw=n *z*a, *z*b, *z*g, *z*d, *z*e ku/klos grafo/menos h(/cei kai\ dia\ tw=n loi- pw=n shmei/wn kai\ e)/stai perigegramme/nos. perigegra/fqw kai\ e)/stw o( *a*b*g*d*e. *peri\ a)/ra to\ doqe\n penta/gwnon, o(/ e)stin i)so/pleuro/n te kai\ i)sogw/nion, ku/klos perige/graptai: o(/per e)/dei poih=sai. *ei)s to\n doqe/nta ku/klon e(ca/gwnon i)so/pleuro/n te kai\ i)sogw/nion e)ggra/yai. *)/estw o( doqei\s ku/klos o( *a*b*g*d*e*z: dei= dh\ ei)s to\n *a*b*g*d*e*z ku/klon e(ca/gwnon i)so/pleuro/n te kai\ i)sogw/- nion e)ggra/yai. *)/hxqw tou= *a*b*g*d*e*z ku/klou dia/metros h( *a*d, kai\ ei)lh/fqw to\ ke/ntron tou= ku/klou to\ *h, kai\ ke/ntrw| me\n tw=| *d diasth/mati de\ tw=| *d*h ku/klos gegra/fqw o( *e*h*g*q, kai\ e)pizeuxqei=sai ai( *e*h, *g*h dih/xqwsan e)pi\ ta\ *b, *z shmei=a, kai\ e)p- ezeu/xqwsan ai( *a*b, *b*g, *g*d, *d*e, *e*z, *z*a: le/gw, o(/ti to\ *a*b*g*d*e*z e(ca/gwnon i)so/pleuro/n te/ e)sti kai\ i)sogw/nion. *)epei\ ga\r to\ *h shmei=on ke/ntron e)sti\ tou= *a*b*g*d*e*z ku/klou, i)/sh e)sti\n h( *h*e th=| *h*d. pa/lin, e)pei\ to\ *d shmei=on ke/ntron e)sti\ tou= *h*g*q ku/klou, i)/sh e)sti\n h( *d*e th=| *d*h. a)ll' h( *h*e th=| *h*d e)dei/xqh i)/sh: kai\ h( *h*e a)/ra th=| *e*d i)/sh e)sti/n: i)so/pleuron a)/ra e)sti\ to\ *e*h*d tri/gwnon: kai\ ai( trei=s a)/ra au)tou= gwni/ai ai( u(po\ *e*h*d, *h*d*e, *d*e*h i)/sai a)llh/lais ei)si/n, e)peidh/per tw=n i)soskelw=n trigw/nwn ai( pro\s th=| ba/sei gwni/ai i)/sai a)llh/lais ei)si/n: kai/ ei)sin ai( trei=s tou= trigw/nou gwni/ai dusi\n o)rqai=s i)/sai: h( a)/ra u(po\ *e*h*d gwni/a tri/ton e)sti\ du/o o)rqw=n. o(moi/ws dh\ deixqh/se- tai kai\ h( u(po\ *d*h*g tri/ton du/o o)rqw=n. kai\ e)pei\ h( *g*h eu)qei=a e)pi\ th\n *e*b staqei=sa ta\s e)fech=s gwni/as ta\s u(po\ *e*h*g, *g*h*b dusi\n o)rqai=s i)/sas poiei=, kai\ loiph\ a)/ra h( u(po\ *g*h*b tri/ton e)sti\ du/o o)rqw=n: ai( a)/ra u(po\ *e*h*d, *d*h*g, *g*h*b gwni/ai i)/sai a)llh/lais ei)si/n: w(/ste kai\ ai( kata\ korufh\n au)tai=s ai( u(po\ *b*h*a, *a*h*z, *z*h*e i)/sai ei)si/n [tai=s u(po\ *e*h*d, *d*h*g, *g*h*b]. ai( e(\c a)/ra gwni/ai ai( u(po\ *e*h*d, *d*h*g, *g*h*b, *b*h*a, *a*h*z, *z*h*e i)/sai a)llh/lais ei)si/n. ai( de\ i)/sai gwni/ai e)pi\ i)/swn perifereiw=n bebh/kasin: ai( e(\c a)/ra perife/reiai ai( *a*b, *b*g, *g*d, *d*e, *e*z, *z*a i)/sai a)llh/lais ei)si/n. u(po\ de\ ta\s i)/sas periferei/as ai( i)/sai eu)qei=ai u(potei/nousin: ai( e(\c a)/ra eu)qei=ai i)/sai a)llh/- lais ei)si/n: i)so/pleuron a)/ra e)sti\ to\ *a*b*g*d*e*z e(ca/gwnon. le/gw dh/, o(/ti kai\ i)sogw/nion. e)pei\ ga\r i)/sh e)sti\n h( *z*a perife/reia th=| *e*d periferei/a|, koinh\ proskei/sqw h( *a*b*g*d perife/reia: o(/lh a)/ra h( *z*a*b*g*d o(/lh| th=| *e*d*g*b*a e)stin i)/sh: kai\ be/bhken e)pi\ me\n th=s *z*a*b*g*d periferei/as h( u(po\ *z*e*d gwni/a, e)pi\ de\ th=s *e*d*g*b*a periferei/as h( u(po\ *a*z*e gwni/a: i)/sh a)/ra h( u(po\ *a*z*e gwni/a th=| u(po\ *d*e*z. o(moi/ws dh\ deixqh/setai, o(/ti kai\ ai( loipai\ gwni/ai tou= *a*b*g*d*e*z e(cagw/nou kata\ mi/an i)/sai ei)si\n e(kate/ra| tw=n u(po\ *a*z*e, *z*e*d gwniw=n: i)sogw/nion a)/ra e)sti\ to\ *a*b*g*d*e*z e(ca/gwnon. e)dei/xqh de\ kai\ i)so/pleuron: kai\ e)gge/graptai ei)s to\n *a*b*g*d*e*z ku/klon. *ei)s a)/ra to\n doqe/nta ku/klon e(ca/gwnon i)so/pleuro/n te kai\ i)sogw/nion e)gge/graptai: o(/per e)/dei poih=sai. *po/risma *)ek dh\ tou/tou fanero/n, o(/ti h( tou= e(cagw/nou pleura\ i)/sh e)sti\ th=| e)k tou= ke/ntrou tou= ku/klou. *(omoi/ws de\ toi=s e)pi\ tou= pentagw/nou e)a\n dia\ tw=n kata\ to\n ku/klon diaire/sewn e)faptome/nas tou= ku/klou a)ga/gw- men, perigrafh/setai peri\ to\n ku/klon e(ca/gwnon i)so/pleuro/n te kai\ i)sogw/nion a)kolou/qws toi=s e)pi\ tou= pentagw/nou ei)rhme/nois. kai\ e)/ti dia\ tw=n o(moi/wn toi=s e)pi\ tou= pentagw/- nou ei)rhme/nois ei)s to\ doqe\n e(ca/gwnon ku/klon e)ggra/yome/n te kai\ perigra/yomen: o(/per e)/dei poih=sai. *ei)s to\n doqe/nta ku/klon pentekaideka/gwnon i)so/pleuro/n te kai\ i)sogw/nion e)ggra/yai. *)/estw o( doqei\s ku/klos o( *a*b*g*d: dei= dh\ ei)s to\n *a*b*g*d ku/klon pentekaideka/gwnon i)so/pleuro/n te kai\ i)sogw/nion e)ggra/yai. *)eggegra/fqw ei)s to\n *a*b*g*d ku/klon trigw/nou me\n i)sopleu/rou tou= ei)s au)to\n e)ggrafome/nou pleura\ h( *a*g, pentagw/nou de\ i)sopleu/rou h( *a*b: oi(/wn a)/ra e)sti\n o( *a*b*g*d ku/klos i)/swn tmhma/twn dekape/nte, toiou/twn h( me\n *a*b*g perife/reia tri/ton ou)=sa tou= ku/klou e)/stai pe/nte, h( de\ *a*b perife/reia pe/mpton ou)=sa tou= ku/klou e)/stai triw=n: loiph\ a)/ra h( *b*g tw=n i)/swn du/o. tetmh/sqw h( *b*g di/xa kata\ to\ *e: e(kate/ra a)/ra tw=n *b*e, *e*g perife- reiw=n pentekaide/kato/n e)sti tou= *a*b*g*d ku/klou. *)ea\n a)/ra e)pizeu/cantes ta\s *b*e, *e*g i)/sas au)tai=s kata\ to\ sunexe\s eu)qei/as e)narmo/- swmen ei)s to\n *a*b*g*d[*e] ku/klon, e)/stai ei)s au)to\n e)g- gegramme/non pentekaideka/- gwnon i)so/pleuro/n te kai\ i)so- gw/nion: o(/per e)/dei poih=sai. *(omoi/ws de\ toi=s e)pi\ tou= pentagw/nou e)a\n dia\ tw=n kata\ to\n ku/klon diaire/sewn e)faptome/nas tou= ku/klou a)ga/gw- men, perigrafh/setai peri\ to\n ku/klon pentekaideka/gwnon i)so/pleuro/n te kai\ i)sogw/nion. e)/ti de\ dia\ tw=n o(moi/wn toi=s e)pi\ tou= pentagw/nou dei/cewn kai\ ei)s to\ doqe\n pentekai- deka/gwnon ku/klon e)ggra/yome/n te kai\ perigra/yomen: o(/per e)/dei poih=sai.

*me/ros e)sti\ me/geqos mege/qous to\ e)/lasson tou= mei/zonos, o(/tan katametrh=| to\ mei=zon. *pollapla/sion de\ to\ mei=zon tou= e)la/ttonos, o(/tan katametrh=tai u(po\ tou= e)la/ttonos. *lo/gos e)sti\ du/o megeqw=n o(mogenw=n h( kata\ phli- ko/thta/ poia sxe/sis. *lo/gon e)/xein pro\s a)/llhla mege/qh le/getai, a(\ du/natai pollaplasiazo/mena a)llh/lwn u(pere/xein. *)en tw=| au)tw=| lo/gw| mege/qh le/getai ei)=nai prw=ton pro\s deu/teron kai\ tri/ton pro\s te/tarton, o(/tan ta\ tou= prw/tou kai\ tri/tou i)sa/kis pollapla/sia tw=n tou= deute/rou kai\ teta/rtou i)sa/kis pollaplasi/wn kaq' o(poionou=n pollaplasiasmo\n e(ka/teron e(kate/rou h)\ a(/ma u(pere/xh| h)\ a(/ma i)/sa h)=| h)\ a(/ma e)llei/ph| lhfqe/nta kata/llhla. *ta\ de\ to\n au)to\n e)/xonta lo/gon mege/qh a)na/logon kalei/sqw. *(/otan de\ tw=n i)sa/kis pollaplasi/wn to\ me\n tou= prw/tou pollapla/sion u(pere/xh| tou= tou= deute/rou polla- plasi/ou, to\ de\ tou= tri/tou pollapla/sion mh\ u(pere/xh| tou= tou= teta/rtou pollaplasi/ou, to/te to\ prw=ton pro\s to\ deu/teron mei/zona lo/gon e)/xein le/getai, h)/per to\ tri/ton pro\s to\ te/tarton. *)analogi/a de\ e)n trisi\n o(/rois e)laxi/sth e)sti/n. *(/otan de\ tri/a mege/qh a)na/logon h)=|, to\ prw=ton pro\s to\ tri/ton diplasi/ona lo/gon e)/xein le/getai h)/per pro\s to\ deu/teron. *(/otan de\ te/ssara mege/qh a)na/logon h)=|, to\ prw=ton pro\s to\ te/tarton triplasi/ona lo/gon e)/xein le/getai h)/per pro\s to\ deu/teron, kai\ a)ei\ e(ch=s o(moi/ws, w(s a)\n h( a)nalogi/a u(pa/rxh|. *(omo/loga mege/qh le/getai ta\ me\n h(gou/mena toi=s h(goume/nois ta\ de\ e(po/mena toi=s e(pome/nois. *)enalla\c lo/gos e)sti\ lh=yis tou= h(goume/nou pro\s to\ h(gou/menon kai\ tou= e(pome/nou pro\s to\ e(po/menon. *)ana/palin lo/gos e)sti\ lh=yis tou= e(pome/nou w(s h(goume/nou pro\s to\ h(gou/menon w(s e(po/menon. *su/nqesis lo/gou e)sti\ lh=yis tou= h(goume/nou meta\ tou= e(pome/nou w(s e(no\s pro\s au)to\ to\ e(po/menon. *diai/resis lo/gou e)sti\ lh=yis th=s u(peroxh=s, h(=| u(pere/xei to\ h(gou/menon tou= e(pome/nou, pro\s au)to\ to\ e(po/menon. *)anastrofh\ lo/gou e)sti\ lh=yis tou= h(goume/nou pro\s th\n u(peroxh/n, h(=| u(pere/xei to\ h(gou/menon tou= e(pome/nou. *di' i)/sou lo/gos e)sti\ pleio/nwn o)/ntwn megeqw=n kai\ a)/llwn au)toi=s i)/swn to\ plh=qos su/nduo lambanome/nwn kai\ e)n tw=| au)tw=| lo/gw|, o(/tan h)=| w(s e)n toi=s prw/tois mege/qesi to\ prw=ton pro\s to\ e)/sxaton, ou(/tws e)n toi=s deute/rois mege/- qesi to\ prw=ton pro\s to\ e)/sxaton: h)\ a)/llws: *lh=yis tw=n a)/krwn kaq' u(pecai/resin tw=n me/swn. *tetaragme/nh de\ a)nalogi/a e)sti/n, o(/tan triw=n o)/ntwn megeqw=n kai\ a)/llwn au)toi=s i)/swn to\ plh=qos gi/nhtai w(s me\n e)n toi=s prw/tois mege/qesin h(gou/menon pro\s e(po/menon, ou(/tws e)n toi=s deute/rois mege/qesin h(gou/menon pro\s e(po/menon, w(s de\ e)n toi=s prw/tois mege/qesin e(po/menon pro\s a)/llo ti, ou(/tws e)n toi=s deute/rois a)/llo ti pro\s h(gou/menon.

*)ea\n h)=| o(posaou=n mege/qh o(poswnou=n megeqw=n i)/swn to\ plh=qos e(/kaston e(ka/stou i)sa/kis pollapla/sion, o(sapla/sio/n e)stin e(\n tw=n megeqw=n e(no/s, tosautapla/sia e)/stai kai\ ta\ pa/nta tw=n pa/ntwn. *)/estw o(posaou=n mege/qh ta\ *a*b, *g*d o(poswnou=n megeqw=n tw=n *e, *z i)/swn to\ plh=qos e(/kaston e(ka/stou i)sa/kis pollapla/sion: le/gw, o(/ti o(sapla/sio/n e)sti to\ *a*b tou= *e, to- sautapla/sia e)/stai kai\ ta\ *a*b, *g*d tw=n *e, *z. *)epei\ ga\r i)sa/kis e)sti\ pollapla/sion to\ *a*b tou= *e kai\ to\ *g*d tou= *z, o(/sa a)/ra e)sti\n e)n tw=| *a*b mege/qh i)/sa tw=| *e, tosau=ta kai\ e)n tw=| *g*d i)/sa tw=| *z. dih|rh/sqw to\ me\n *a*b ei)s ta\ tw=| *e mege/qh i)/sa ta\ *a*h, *h*b, to\ de\ *g*d ei)s ta\ tw=| *z i)/sa ta\ *g*q, *q*d: e)/stai dh\ i)/son to\ plh=qos tw=n *a*h, *h*b tw=| plh/qei tw=n *g*q, *q*d. kai\ e)pei\ i)/son e)sti\ to\ me\n *a*h tw=| *e, to\ de\ *g*q tw=| *z, i)/son a)/ra to\ *a*h tw=| *e, kai\ ta\ *a*h, *g*q toi=s *e, *z. dia\ ta\ au)ta\ dh\ i)/son e)sti\ to\ *h*b tw=| *e, kai\ ta\ *h*b, *q*d toi=s *e, *z: o(/sa a)/ra e)sti\n e)n tw=| *a*b i)/sa tw=| *e, tosau=ta kai\ e)n toi=s *a*b, *g*d i)/sa toi=s *e, *z: o(sapla/sion a)/ra e)sti\ to\ *a*b tou= *e, tosautapla/sia e)/stai kai\ ta\ *a*b, *g*d tw=n *e, *z. *)ea\n a)/ra h)=| o(posaou=n mege/qh o(poswnou=n megeqw=n i)/swn to\ plh=qos e(/kaston e(ka/stou i)sa/kis pollapla/sion, o(sapla/sio/n e)stin e(\n tw=n megeqw=n e(no/s, tosautapla/sia e)/stai kai\ ta\ pa/nta tw=n pa/ntwn: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *)ea\n prw=ton deute/rou i)sa/kis h)=| pollapla/sion kai\ tri/ton teta/rtou, h)=| de\ kai\ pe/mpton deute/rou i)sa/kis pollapla/sion kai\ e(/kton teta/rtou, kai\ sunteqe\n prw=ton kai\ pe/mpton deute/rou i)sa/kis e)/stai pollapla/sion kai\ tri/ton kai\ e(/kton teta/rtou. *prw=ton ga\r to\ *a*b deute/rou tou= *g i)sa/kis e)/stw pollapla/sion kai\ tri/ton to\ *d*e teta/rtou tou= *z, e)/stw de\ kai\ pe/mpton to\ *b*h deute/rou tou= *g i)sa/kis pollapla/- sion kai\ e(/kton to\ *e*q teta/rtou tou= *z: le/gw, o(/ti kai\ sunteqe\n prw=ton kai\ pe/mpton to\ *a*h deute/rou tou= *g i)sa/kis e)/stai pollapla/sion kai\ tri/ton kai\ e(/kton to\ *d*q teta/rtou tou= *z. *)epei\ ga\r i)sa/kis e)sti\ pollapla/sion to\ *a*b tou= *g kai\ to\ *d*e tou= *z, o(/sa a)/ra e)sti\n e)n tw=| *a*b i)/sa tw=| *g, tosau=ta kai\ e)n tw=| *d*e i)/sa tw=| *z. dia\ ta\ au)ta\ dh\ kai\ o(/sa e)sti\n e)n tw=| *b*h i)/sa tw=| *g, tosau=ta kai\ e)n tw=| *e*q i)/sa tw=| *z: o(/sa a)/ra e)sti\n e)n o(/lw| tw=| *a*h i)/sa tw=| *g, tosau=ta kai\ e)n o(/lw| tw=| *d*q i)/sa tw=| *z: o(sapla/sion a)/ra e)sti\ to\ *a*h tou= *g, tosautapla/sion e)/stai kai\ to\ *d*q tou= *z. kai\ sun- teqe\n a)/ra prw=ton kai\ pe/mpton to\ *a*h deute/rou tou= *g i)sa/kis e)/stai pollapla/sion kai\ tri/ton kai\ e(/kton to\ *d*q teta/rtou tou= *z. *)ea\n a)/ra prw=ton deute/rou i)sa/kis h)=| pollapla/sion kai\ tri/ton teta/rtou, h)=| de\ kai\ pe/mpton deute/rou i)sa/kis pollapla/sion kai\ e(/kton teta/rtou, kai\ sunteqe\n prw=ton kai\ pe/mpton deute/rou i)sa/kis e)/stai pollapla/sion kai\ tri/ton kai\ e(/kton teta/rtou: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *)ea\n prw=ton deute/rou i)sa/kis h)=| pollapla/sion kai\ tri/ton teta/rtou, lhfqh=| de\ i)sa/kis pollapla/sia tou= te prw/tou kai\ tri/tou, kai\ di' i)/sou tw=n lhfqe/ntwn e(ka/teron e(kate/- rou i)sa/kis e)/stai pollapla/sion to\ me\n tou= deute/rou to\ de\ tou= teta/rtou. *prw=ton ga\r to\ *a deute/rou tou= *b i)sa/kis e)/stw polla- pla/sion kai\ tri/ton to\ *g teta/rtou tou= *d, kai\ ei)lh/fqw tw=n *a, *g i)sa/kis pollapla/- sia ta\ *e*z, *h*q: le/gw, o(/ti i)sa/kis e)sti\ pollapla/sion to\ *e*z tou= *b kai\ to\ *h*q tou= *d. *)epei\ ga\r i)sa/kis e)sti\ polla- pla/sion to\ *e*z tou= *a kai\ to\ *h*q tou= *g, o(/sa a)/ra e)sti\n e)n tw=| *e*z i)/sa tw=| *a, tosau=ta kai\ e)n tw=| *h*q i)/sa tw=| *g. dih|rh/- sqw to\ me\n *e*z ei)s ta\ tw=| *a mege/qh i)/sa ta\ *e*k, *k*z, to\ de\ *h*q ei)s ta\ tw=| *g i)/sa ta\ *h*l, *l*q: e)/stai dh\ i)/son to\ plh=qos tw=n *e*k, *k*z tw=| plh/qei tw=n *h*l, *l*q. kai\ e)pei\ i)sa/kis e)sti\ pollapla/sion to\ *a tou= *b kai\ to\ *g tou= *d, i)/son de\ to\ me\n *e*k tw=| *a, to\ de\ *h*l tw=| *g, i)sa/kis a)/ra e)sti\ pollapla/sion to\ *e*k tou= *b kai\ to\ *h*l tou= *d. dia\ ta\ au)ta\ dh\ i)sa/kis e)sti\ pollapla/- sion to\ *k*z tou= *b kai\ to\ *l*q tou= *d. e)pei\ ou)=n prw=ton to\ *e*k deute/rou tou= *b i)sa/kis e)sti\ pollapla/sion kai\ tri/ton to\ *h*l teta/rtou tou= *d, e)/sti de\ kai\ pe/mpton to\ *k*z deute/rou tou= *b i)sa/kis pollapla/sion kai\ e(/kton to\ *l*q teta/rtou tou= *d, kai\ sunteqe\n a)/ra prw=ton kai\ pe/mpton to\ *e*z deute/rou tou= *b i)sa/kis e)sti\ pollapla/sion kai\ tri/ton kai\ e(/kton to\ *h*q teta/rtou tou= *d. *)ea\n a)/ra prw=ton deute/rou i)sa/kis h)=| pollapla/sion kai\ tri/ton teta/rtou, lhfqh=| de\ tou= prw/tou kai\ tri/tou i)sa/kis pollapla/sia, kai\ di' i)/sou tw=n lhfqe/ntwn e(ka/teron e(kate/rou i)sa/kis e)/stai pollapla/sion to\ me\n tou= deute/rou to\ de\ tou= teta/rtou: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *)ea\n prw=ton pro\s deu/teron to\n au)to\n e)/xh| lo/gon kai\ tri/ton pro\s te/tarton, kai\ ta\ i)sa/kis pollapla/sia tou= te prw/tou kai\ tri/tou pro\s ta\ i)sa/kis pollapla/sia tou= deute/rou kai\ teta/rtou kaq' o(poionou=n pollaplasiasmo\n to\n au)to\n e(/cei lo/gon lhfqe/nta kata/llhla. *prw=ton ga\r to\ *a pro\s deu/teron to\ *b to\n au)to\n e)xe/tw lo/gon kai\ tri/ton to\ *g pro\s te/tarton to\ *d, kai\ ei)lh/fqw tw=n me\n *a, *g i)sa/kis pollapla/sia ta\ *e, *z, tw=n de\ *b, *d a)/lla, a(\ e)/tuxen, i)sa/kis pollapla/sia ta\ *h, *q: le/gw, o(/ti e)sti\n w(s to\ *e pro\s to\ *h, ou(/tws to\ *z pro\s to\ *q. *ei)lh/fqw ga\r tw=n me\n *e, *z i)sa/kis pol- lapla/sia ta\ *k, *l, tw=n de\ *h, *q a)/lla, a(\ e)/tuxen, i)sa/kis polla- pla/sia ta\ *m, *n. [*kai\] e)pei\ i)sa/kis e)sti\ pollapla/sion to\ me\n *e tou= *a, to\ de\ *z tou= *g, kai\ ei)/lhptai tw=n *e, *z i)sa/kis pol- lapla/sia ta\ *k, *l, i)sa/kis a)/ra e)sti\ pol- lapla/sion to\ *k tou= *a kai\ to\ *l tou= *g. dia\ ta\ au)ta\ dh\ i)sa/kis e)sti\ pollapla/sion to\ *m tou= *b kai\ to\ *n tou= *l. kai\ e)pei/ e)stin w(s to\ *a pro\s to\ *b, ou(/tws to\ *g pro\s to\ *d, kai\ ei)/lhptai tw=n me\n *a, *g i)sa/kis pollapla/sia ta\ *k, *l, tw=n de\ *b, *d a)/lla a(\ e)/tuxen, i)sa/kis pollapla/sia ta\ *m, *n, ei) a)/ra u(pere/xei to\ *k tou= *m, u(pere/xei kai\ to\ *l tou= *n, kai\ ei) i)/son, i)/son, kai\ ei) e)/latton, e)/latton. kai/ e)sti ta\ me\n *k, *l tw=n *e, *z i)sa/kis pollapla/- sia, ta\ de\ *m, *n tw=n *h, *q a)/lla, a(\ e)/tuxen, i)sa/kis polla- pla/sia: e)/stin a)/ra w(s to\ *e pro\s to\ *h, ou(/tws to\ *z pro\s to\ *q. *)ea\n a)/ra prw=ton pro\s deu/teron to\n au)to\n e)/xh| lo/gon kai\ tri/ton pro\s te/tarton, kai\ ta\ i)sa/kis pollapla/sia tou= te prw/tou kai\ tri/tou pro\s ta\ i)sa/kis pollapla/sia tou= deute/rou kai\ teta/rtou to\n au)to\n e(/cei lo/gon kaq' o(poionou=n pollaplasiasmo\n lhfqe/nta kata/llhla: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *)ea\n me/geqos mege/qous i)sa/kis h)=| pollapla/sion, o(/per a)faireqe\n a)faireqe/ntos, kai\ to\ loipo\n tou= loipou= i)sa/kis e)/stai pollapla/sion, o(sapla/sio/n e)sti to\ o(/lon tou= o(/lou. *me/geqos ga\r to\ *a*b mege/qous tou= *g*d i)sa/kis e)/stw pollapla/sion, o(/per a)faireqe\n to\ *a*e a)faireqe/ntos tou= *g*z: le/gw, o(/ti kai\ loipo\n to\ *e*b loipou= tou= *z*d i)sa/kis e)/stai pollapla/sion, o(sapla/- sio/n e)stin o(/lon to\ *a*b o(/lou tou= *g*d. *(osapla/sion ga/r e)sti to\ *a*e tou= *g*z, tosautapla/sion gegone/tw kai\ to\ *e*b tou= *g*h. *kai\ e)pei\ i)sa/kis e)sti\ pollapla/sion to\ *a*e tou= *g*z kai\ to\ *e*b tou= *h*g, i)sa/kis a)/ra e)sti\ pollapla/sion to\ *a*e tou= *g*z kai\ to\ *a*b tou= *h*z. kei=tai de\ i)sa/kis pollapla/sion to\ *a*e tou= *g*z kai\ to\ *a*b tou= *g*d. i)sa/kis a)/ra e)sti\ pollapla/- sion to\ *a*b e(kate/rou tw=n *h*z, *g*d: i)/son a)/ra to\ *h*z tw=| *g*d. koino\n a)fh|rh/sqw to\ *g*z: loipo\n a)/ra to\ *h*g loipw=| tw=| *z*d i)/son e)sti/n. kai\ e)pei\ i)sa/kis e)sti\ pollapla/sion to\ *a*e tou= *g*z kai\ to\ *e*b tou= *h*g, i)/son de\ to\ *h*g tw=| *d*z, i)sa/kis a)/ra e)sti\ pollapla/sion to\ *a*e tou= *g*z kai\ to\ *e*b tou= *z*d. i)sa/kis de\ u(po/keitai pollapla/sion to\ *a*e tou= *g*z kai\ to\ *a*b tou= *g*d: i)sa/kis a)/ra e)sti\ pollapla/sion to\ *e*b tou= *z*d kai\ to\ *a*b tou= *g*d. kai\ loipo\n a)/ra to\ *e*b loipou= tou= *z*d i)sa/kis e)/stai pollapla/sion, o(sapla/- sio/n e)stin o(/lon to\ *a*b o(/lou tou= *g*d. *)ea\n a)/ra me/geqos mege/qous i)sa/kis h)=| pollapla/sion, o(/per a)faireqe\n a)faireqe/ntos, kai\ to\ loipo\n tou= loipou= i)sa/kis e)/stai pollapla/sion, o(sapla/sio/n e)sti kai\ to\ o(/lon tou= o(/lou: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *)ea\n du/o mege/qh du/o megeqw=n i)sa/kis h)=| pollapla/sia, kai\ a)faireqe/nta tina\ tw=n au)tw=n i)sa/kis h)=| pollapla/sia, kai\ ta\ loipa\ toi=s au)toi=s h)/toi i)/sa e)sti\n h)\ i)sa/kis au)tw=n pollapla/sia. *du/o ga\r mege/qh ta\ *a*b, *g*d du/o megeqw=n tw=n *e, *z i)sa/kis e)/stw pollapla/sia, kai\ a)faireqe/nta ta\ *a*h, *g*q tw=n au)tw=n tw=n *e, *z i)sa/kis e)/stw polla- pla/sia: le/gw, o(/ti kai\ loipa\ ta\ *h*b, *q*d toi=s *e, *z h)/toi i)/sa e)sti\n h)\ i)sa/kis au)tw=n pollapla/sia. *)/estw ga\r pro/teron to\ *h*b tw=| *e i)/son. le/gw, o(/ti kai\ to\ *q*d tw=| *z i)/son e)sti/n. *kei/sqw ga\r tw=| *z i)/son to\ *g*k. e)pei\ i)sa/kis e)sti\ polla- pla/sion to\ *a*h tou= *e kai\ to\ *g*q tou= *z, i)/son de\ to\ me\n *h*b tw=| *e, to\ de\ *k*g tw=| *z, i)sa/kis a)/ra e)sti\ pollapla/- sion to\ *a*b tou= *e kai\ to\ *k*q tou= *z. i)sa/kis de\ u(po/keitai pollapla/sion to\ *a*b tou= *e kai\ to\ *g*d tou= *z: i)sa/kis a)/ra e)sti\ pollapla/sion to\ *k*q tou= *z kai\ to\ *g*d tou= *z. e)pei\ ou)=n e(ka/teron tw=n *k*q, *g*d tou= *z i)sa/kis e)sti\ polla- pla/sion, i)/son a)/ra e)sti\ to\ *k*q tw=| *g*d. koino\n a)fh|rh/sqw to\ *g*q: loipo\n a)/ra to\ *k*g loipw=| tw=| *q*d i)/son e)sti/n. a)lla\ to\ *z tw=| *k*g e)stin i)/son: kai\ to\ *q*d a)/ra tw=| *z i)/son e)sti/n. w(/ste ei) to\ *h*b tw=| *e i)/son e)sti/n, kai\ to\ *q*d i)/son e)/stai tw=| *z. *(omoi/ws dh\ dei/comen, o(/ti, ka)\n pollapla/sion h)=| to\ *h*b tou= *e, tosautapla/sion e)/stai kai\ to\ *q*d tou= *z. *)ea\n a)/ra du/o mege/qh du/o megeqw=n i)sa/kis h)=| polla- pla/sia, kai\ a)faireqe/nta tina\ tw=n au)tw=n i)sa/kis h)=| pollapla/sia, kai\ ta\ loipa\ toi=s au)toi=s h)/toi i)/sa e)sti\n h)\ i)sa/kis au)tw=n pollapla/sia: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *ta\ i)/sa pro\s to\ au)to\ to\n au)to\n e)/xei lo/gon kai\ to\ au)to\ pro\s ta\ i)/sa. *)/estw i)/sa mege/qh ta\ *a, *b, a)/llo de/ ti, o(\ e)/tuxen, me/geqos to\ *g: le/gw, o(/ti e(ka/teron tw=n *a, *b pro\s to\ *g to\n au)to\n e)/xei lo/gon, kai\ to\ *g pro\s e(ka/teron tw=n *a, *b. *ei)lh/fqw ga\r tw=n me\n *a, *b i)sa/kis pollapla/sia ta\ *d, *e, tou= de\ *g a)/llo, o(\ e)/tuxen, pollapla/sion to\ *z. *)epei\ ou)=n i)sa/kis e)sti\ pollapla/sion to\ *d tou= *a kai\ to\ *e tou= *b, i)/son de\ to\ *a tw=| *b, i)/son a)/ra kai\ to\ *d tw=| *e. a)/llo de/, o(\ e)/tuxen, to\ *z. *ei) a)/ra u(pere/xei to\ *d tou= *z, u(pere/xei kai\ to\ *e tou= *z, kai\ ei) i)/son, i)/son, kai\ ei) e)/latton, e)/latton. kai/ e)sti ta\ me\n *d, *e tw=n *a, *b i)sa/kis pollapla/sia, to\ de\ *z tou= *g a)/llo, o(\ e)/tuxen, pollapla/sion: e)/stin a)/ra w(s to\ *a pro\s to\ *g, ou(/tws to\ *b pro\s to\ *g. *le/gw [dh/], o(/ti kai\ to\ *g pro\s e(ka/teron tw=n *a, *b to\n au)to\n e)/xei lo/gon. *tw=n ga\r au)tw=n kataskeuasqe/ntwn o(moi/ws dei/comen, o(/ti i)/son e)sti\ to\ *d tw=| *e: a)/llo de/ ti to\ *z: ei) a)/ra u(pere/xei to\ *z tou= *d, u(pere/xei kai\ tou= *e, kai\ ei) i)/son, i)/son, kai\ ei) e)/latton, e)/latton. kai/ e)sti to\ me\n *z tou= *g pollapla/sion, ta\ de\ *d, *e tw=n *a, *b a)/lla, a(\ e)/tuxen, i)sa/kis pollapla/sia: e)/stin a)/ra w(s to\ *g pro\s to\ *a, ou(/tws to\ *g pro\s to\ *b. *ta\ i)/sa a)/ra pro\s to\ au)to\ to\n au)to\n e)/xei lo/gon kai\ to\ au)to\ pro\s ta\ i)/sa. *po/risma *)ek dh\ tou/tou fanero/n, o(/ti e)a\n mege/qh tina\ a)na/logon h)=|, kai\ a)na/palin a)na/logon e)/stai. o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *tw=n a)ni/swn megeqw=n to\ mei=zon pro\s to\ au)to\ mei/zona lo/gon e)/xei h)/per to\ e)/latton. kai\ to\ au)to\ pro\s to\ e)/latton mei/zona lo/gon e)/xei h)/per pro\s to\ mei=zon. *)/estw a)/nisa mege/qh ta\ *a*b, *g, kai\ e)/stw mei=zon to\ *a*b, a)/llo de/, o(\ e)/tuxen, to\ *d: le/gw, o(/ti to\ *a*b pro\s to\ *d mei/zona lo/gon e)/xei h)/per to\ *g pro\s to\ *d, kai\ to\ *d pro\s to\ *g mei/zona lo/gon e)/xei h)/per pro\s to\ *a*b. *)epei\ ga\r mei=zo/n e)sti to\ *a*b tou= *g, kei/sqw tw=| *g i)/son to\ *b*e: to\ dh\ e)/lasson tw=n *a*e, *e*b pollaplasiazo/menon e)/stai pote\ tou= *d mei=zon. e)/stw pro/teron to\ *a*e e)/latton tou= *e*b, kai\ pepollaplasia/sqw to\ *a*e, kai\ e)/stw au)tou= polla- pla/sion to\ *z*h mei=zon o)\n tou= *d, kai\ o(sapla/sio/n e)sti to\ *z*h tou= *a*e, tosautapla/sion ge- gone/tw kai\ to\ me\n *h*q tou= *e*b to\ de\ *k tou= *g: kai\ ei)lh/fqw tou= *d dipla/sion me\n to\ *l, tripla/sion de\ to\ *m, kai\ e(ch=s e(ni\ plei=on, e(/ws a)\n to\ lambano/- menon pollapla/sion me\n ge/nhtai tou= *d, prw/tws de\ mei=zon tou= *k. ei)lh/fqw, kai\ e)/stw to\ *n tetrapla/sion me\n tou= *d, prw/tws de\ mei=zon tou= *k. *)epei\ ou)=n to\ *k tou= *n prw/tws e)sti\n e)/latton, to\ *k a)/ra tou= *m ou)/k e)stin e)/latton. kai\ e)pei\ i)sa/kis e)sti\ polla- pla/sion to\ *z*h tou= *a*e kai\ to\ *h*q tou= *e*b, i)sa/kis a)/ra e)sti\ pollapla/sion to\ *z*h tou= *a*e kai\ to\ *z*q tou= *a*b. i)sa/kis de/ e)sti pollapla/sion to\ *z*h tou= *a*e kai\ to\ *k tou= *g: i)sa/kis a)/ra e)sti\ pollapla/sion to\ *z*q tou= *a*b kai\ to\ *k tou= *g. ta\ *z*q, *k a)/ra tw=n *a*b, *g i)sa/kis e)sti\ pollapla/sia. pa/lin, e)pei\ i)sa/kis e)sti\ pollapla/sion to\ *h*q tou= *e*b kai\ to\ *k tou= *g, i)/son de\ to\ *e*b tw=| *g, i)/son a)/ra kai\ to\ *h*q tw=| *k: to\ de\ *k tou= *m ou)/k e)stin e)/latton: ou)d' a)/ra to\ *h*q tou= *m e)/latto/n e)stin. mei=zon de\ to\ *z*h tou= *d: o(/lon a)/ra to\ *z*q sunamfote/rwn tw=n *d, *m mei=zo/n e)stin. a)lla\ sunam- fo/tera ta\ *d, *m tw=| *n e)stin i)/sa, e)peidh/per to\ *m tou= *d tripla/sio/n e)stin, sunamfo/tera de\ ta\ *m, *d tou= *d e)sti tetrapla/sia, e)/sti de\ kai\ to\ *n tou= *d tetrapla/sion: sunamfo/tera a)/ra ta\ *m, *d tw=| *n i)/sa e)sti/n. a)lla\ to\ *z*q tw=n *m, *d mei=zo/n e)stin: to\ *z*q a)/ra tou= *n u(pere/xei: to\ de\ *k tou= *n ou)x u(pere/xei. kai/ e)sti ta\ me\n *z*q, *k tw=n *a*b, *g i)sa/kis pollapla/sia, to\ de\ *n tou= *d a)/llo, o(\ e)/tuxen, pollapla/sion: to\ *a*b a)/ra pro\s to\ *d mei/zona lo/gon e)/xei h)/per to\ *g pro\s to\ *d. *le/gw dh/, o(/ti kai\ to\ *d pro\s to\ *g mei/zona lo/gon e)/xei h)/per to\ *d pro\s to\ *a*b. *tw=n ga\r au)tw=n kataskeuasqe/ntwn o(moi/ws dei/comen, o(/ti to\ me\n *n tou= *k u(pere/xei, to\ de\ *n tou= *z*q ou)x u(per- e/xei. kai/ e)sti to\ me\n *n tou= *d pollapla/sion, ta\ de\ *z*q, *k tw=n *a*b, *g a)/lla, a(\ e)/tuxen, i)sa/kis pollapla/sia: to\ *d a)/ra pro\s to\ *g mei/zona lo/gon e)/xei h)/per to\ *d pro\s to\ *a*b. *)alla\ dh\ to\ *a*e tou= *e*b mei=zon e)/stw. to\ dh\ e)/latton to\ *e*b pollaplasiazo/menon e)/stai pote\ tou= *d mei=zon. pepollaplasia/sqw, kai\ e)/stw to\ *h*q pollapla/sion me\n tou= *e*b, mei=zon de\ tou= *d: kai\ o(sapla/sio/n e)sti to\ *h*q tou= *e*b, tosautapla/sion ge- gone/tw kai\ to\ me\n *z*h tou= *a*e, to\ de\ *k tou= *g. o(moi/ws dh\ dei/comen, o(/ti ta\ *z*q, *k tw=n *a*b, *g i)sa/kis e)sti\ pollapla/sia: kai\ ei)lh/fqw o(moi/ws to\ *n pollapla/sion me\n tou= *d, prw/tws de\ mei=zon tou= *z*h: w(/ste pa/lin to\ *z*h tou= *m ou)/k e)stin e)/lasson. mei=zon de\ to\ *h*q tou= *d: o(/lon a)/ra to\ *z*q tw=n *d, *m, toute/sti tou= *n, u(pere/xei. to\ de\ *k tou= *n ou)x u(pere/xei, e)peidh/per kai\ to\ *z*h mei=zon o)\n tou= *h*q, toute/sti tou= *k, tou= *n ou)x u(pere/xei. kai\ w(sau/tws katakolouqou=ntes toi=s e)pa/nw perai/nomen th\n a)po/deicin. *tw=n a)/ra a)ni/swn megeqw=n to\ mei=zon pro\s to\ au)to\ mei/zona lo/gon e)/xei h)/per to\ e)/latton: kai\ to\ au)to\ pro\s to\ e)/latton mei/zona lo/gon e)/xei h)/per pro\s to\ mei=zon: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *ta\ pro\s to\ au)to\ to\n au)to\n e)/xonta lo/gon i)/sa a)llh/lois e)sti/n: kai\ pro\s a(\ to\ au)to\ to\n au)to\n e)/xei lo/gon, e)kei=na i)/sa e)sti/n. *)exe/tw ga\r e(ka/teron tw=n *a, *b pro\s to\ *g to\n au)to\n lo/gon: le/gw, o(/ti i)/son e)sti\ to\ *a tw=| *b. *ei) ga\r mh/, ou)k a)\n e(ka/teron tw=n *a, *b pro\s to\ *g to\n au)to\n ei)=xe lo/gon: e)/xei de/: i)/son a)/ra e)sti\ to\ *a tw=| *b. *)exe/tw dh\ pa/lin to\ *g pro\s e(ka/teron tw=n *a, *b to\n au)to\n lo/gon: le/gw, o(/ti i)/son e)sti\ to\ *a tw=| *b. *ei) ga\r mh/, ou)k a)\n to\ *g pro\s e(ka/teron tw=n *a, *b to\n au)to\n ei)=xe lo/gon: e)/xei de/: i)/son a)/ra e)sti\ to\ *a tw=| *b. *ta\ a)/ra pro\s to\ au)to\ to\n au)to\n e)/xonta lo/gon i)/sa a)llh/lois e)sti/n: kai\ pro\s a(\ to\ au)to\ to\n au)to\n e)/xei lo/gon, e)kei=na i)/sa e)sti/n: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *tw=n pro\s to\ au)to\ lo/gon e)xo/ntwn to\ mei/zona lo/gon e)/xon e)kei=no mei=zo/n e)stin: pro\s o(\ de\ to\ au)to\ mei/zona lo/gon e)/xei, e)kei=no e)/latto/n e)stin. *)exe/tw ga\r to\ *a pro\s to\ *g mei/- zona lo/gon h)/per to\ *b pro\s to\ *g: le/gw, o(/ti mei=zo/n e)sti to\ *a tou= *b. *ei) ga\r mh/, h)/toi i)/son e)sti\ to\ *a tw=| *b h)\ e)/lasson. i)/son me\n ou)=n ou)/k e)sti to\ *a tw=| *b: e(ka/teron ga\r a)\n tw=n *a, *b pro\s to\ *g to\n au)to\n ei)=xe lo/gon. ou)k e)/xei de/: ou)k a)/ra i)/son e)sti\ to\ *a tw=| *b. ou)de\ mh\n e)/lasso/n e)sti to\ *a tou= *b: to\ *a ga\r a)\n pro\s to\ *g e)la/ssona lo/gon ei)=xen h)/per to\ *b pro\s to\ *g. ou)k e)/xei de/: ou)k a)/ra e)/lasso/n e)sti to\ *a tou= *b. e)dei/xqh de\ ou)de\ i)/son: mei=zon a)/ra e)sti\ to\ *a tou= *b. *)exe/tw dh\ pa/lin to\ *g pro\s to\ *b mei/zona lo/gon h)/per to\ *g pro\s to\ *a: le/gw, o(/ti e)/lasso/n e)sti to\ *b tou= *a. *ei) ga\r mh/, h)/toi i)/son e)sti\n h)\ mei=zon. i)/son me\n ou)=n ou)/k e)sti to\ *b tw=| *a: to\ *g ga\r a)\n pro\s e(ka/teron tw=n *a, *b to\n au)to\n ei)=xe lo/gon. ou)k e)/xei de/: ou)k a)/ra i)/son e)sti\ to\ *a tw=| *b. ou)de\ mh\n mei=zo/n e)sti to\ *b tou= *a: to\ *g ga\r a)\n pro\s to\ *b e)la/ssona lo/gon ei)=xen h)/per pro\s to\ *a. ou)k e)/xei de/: ou)k a)/ra mei=zo/n e)sti to\ *b tou= *a. e)dei/xqh de/, o(/ti ou)de\ i)/son: e)/latton a)/ra e)sti\ to\ *b tou= *a. *tw=n a)/ra pro\s to\ au)to\ lo/gon e)xo/ntwn to\ mei/zona lo/gon e)/xon mei=zo/n e)stin: kai\ pro\s o(\ to\ au)to\ mei/zona lo/gon e)/xei, e)kei=no e)/latto/n e)stin: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *oi( tw=| au)tw=| lo/gw| oi( au)toi\ kai\ a)llh/lois ei)si\n oi( au)toi/. *)/estwsan ga\r w(s me\n to\ *a pro\s to\ *b, ou(/tws to\ *g pro\s to\ *d, w(s de\ to\ *g pro\s to\ *d, ou(/tws to\ *e pro\s to\ *z: le/gw, o(/ti e)sti\n w(s to\ *a pro\s to\ *b, ou(/tws to\ *e pro\s to\ *z. *ei)lh/fqw ga\r tw=n *a, *g, *e i)sa/kis pollapla/sia ta\ *h, *q, *k, tw=n de\ *b, *d, *z a)/lla, a(\ e)/tuxen, i)sa/kis pollapla/sia ta\ *l, *m, *n. *kai\ e)pei/ e)stin w(s to\ *a pro\s to\ *b, ou(/tws to\ *g pro\s to\ *d, kai\ ei)/lhptai tw=n me\n *a, *g i)sa/kis pollapla/sia ta\ *h, *q, tw=n de\ *b, *d a)/lla, a(\ e)/tuxen, i)sa/kis pollapla/sia ta\ *l, *m, ei) a)/ra u(pere/xei to\ *h tou= *l, u(pere/xei kai\ to\ *q tou= *m, kai\ ei) i)/son e)sti/n, i)/son, kai\ ei) e)llei/pei, e)llei/pei. pa/lin, e)pei/ e)stin w(s to\ *g pro\s to\ *d, ou(/tws to\ *e pro\s to\ *z, kai\ ei)/lhptai tw=n *g, *e i)sa/kis pollapla/sia ta\ *q, *k, tw=n de\ *d, *z a)/lla, a(\ e)/tuxen, i)sa/kis pollapla/sia ta\ *m, *n, ei) a)/ra u(pere/xei to\ *q tou= *m, u(pere/xei kai\ to\ *k tou= *n, kai\ ei) i)/son, i)/son, kai\ ei) e)/latton, e)/latton. a)lla\ ei) u(perei=xe to\ *q tou= *m, u(perei=xe kai\ to\ *h tou= *l, kai\ ei) i)/son, i)/son, kai\ ei) e)/latton, e)/latton: w(/ste kai\ ei) u(pere/xei to\ *h tou= *l, u(pere/xei kai\ to\ *k tou= *n, kai\ ei) i)/son, i)/son, kai\ ei) e)/latton, e)/latton. kai/ e)sti ta\ me\n *h, *k tw=n *a, *e i)sa/kis pollapla/sia, ta\ de\ *l, *n tw=n *b, *z a)/lla, a(\ e)/tuxen, i)sa/kis pollapla/sia: e)/stin a)/ra w(s to\ *a pro\s to\ *b, ou(/tws to\ *e pro\s to\ *z. *oi( a)/ra tw=| au)tw=| lo/gw| oi( au)toi\ kai\ a)llh/lois ei)si\n oi( au)toi/: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *)ea\n h)=| o(posaou=n mege/qh a)na/logon, e)/stai w(s e(\n tw=n h(goume/nwn pro\s e(\n tw=n e(pome/nwn, ou(/tws a(/panta ta\ h(gou/mena pro\s a(/panta ta\ e(po/mena. *)/estwsan o(posaou=n mege/qh a)na/logon ta\ *a, *b, *g, *d, *e, *z, w(s to\ *a pro\s to\ *b, ou(/tws to\ *g pro\s to\ *d, kai\ to\ *e pro\s to\ *z: le/gw, o(/ti e)sti\n w(s to\ *a pro\s to\ *b, ou(/tws ta\ *a, *g, *e pro\s ta\ *b, *d, *z. *ei)lh/fqw ga\r tw=n me\n *a, *g, *e i)sa/kis pollapla/sia ta\ *h, *q, *k, tw=n de\ *b, *d, *z a)/lla, a(\ e)/tuxen, i)sa/kis pollapla/sia ta\ *l, *m, *n. *kai\ e)pei/ e)stin w(s to\ *a pro\s to\ *b, ou(/tws to\ *g pro\s to\ *d, kai\ to\ *e pro\s to\ *z, kai\ ei)/lhptai tw=n me\n *a, *g, *e i)sa/kis pollapla/sia ta\ *h, *q, *k tw=n de\ *b, *d, *z a)/lla, a(\ e)/tuxen, i)sa/kis pollapla/sia ta\ *l, *m, *n, ei) a)/ra u(per- e/xei to\ *h tou= *l, u(pere/xei kai\ to\ *q tou= *m, kai\ to\ *k tou= *n, kai\ ei) i)/son, i)/son, kai\ ei) e)/latton, e)/latton. w(/ste kai\ ei) u(pere/xei to\ *h tou= *l, u(pere/xei kai\ ta\ *h, *q, *k tw=n *l, *m, *n, kai\ ei) i)/son, i)/sa, kai\ ei) e)/latton, e)la/ttona. kai/ e)sti to\ me\n *h kai\ ta\ *h, *q, *k tou= *a kai\ tw=n *a, *g, *e i)sa/kis pollapla/sia, e)peidh/per e)a\n h)=| o(posaou=n mege/qh o(poswnou=n megeqw=n i)/swn to\ plh=qos e(/kaston e(ka/stou i)sa/kis pollapla/sion, o(sapla/sio/n e)stin e(\n tw=n megeqw=n e(no/s, tosautapla/sia e)/stai kai\ ta\ pa/nta tw=n pa/ntwn. dia\ ta\ au)ta\ dh\ kai\ to\ *l kai\ ta\ *l, *m, *n tou= *b kai\ tw=n *b, *d, *z i)sa/kis e)sti\ pollapla/sia: e)/stin a)/ra w(s to\ *a pro\s to\ *b, ou(/tws ta\ *a, *g, *e pro\s ta\ *b, *d, *z. *)ea\n a)/ra h)=| o(posaou=n mege/qh a)na/logon, e)/stai w(s e(\n tw=n h(goume/nwn pro\s e(\n tw=n e(pome/nwn, ou(/tws a(/panta ta\ h(gou/mena pro\s a(/panta ta\ e(po/mena: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *)ea\n prw=ton pro\s deu/teron to\n au)to\n e)/xh| lo/gon kai\ tri/ton pro\s te/tarton, tri/ton de\ pro\s te/tarton mei/zona lo/gon e)/xh| h)\ pe/mpton pro\s e(/kton, kai\ prw=ton pro\s deu/teron mei/zona lo/gon e(/cei h)\ pe/mpton pro\s e(/kton. *prw=ton ga\r to\ *a pro\s deu/teron to\ *b to\n au)to\n e)xe/tw lo/gon kai\ tri/ton to\ *g pro\s te/tarton to\ *d, tri/ton de\ to\ *g pro\s te/tarton to\ *d mei/zona lo/gon e)xe/tw h)\ pe/mpton to\ *e pro\s e(/kton to\ *z. le/gw, o(/ti kai\ prw=ton to\ *a pro\s deu/teron to\ *b mei/zona lo/gon e(/cei h)/per pe/mpton to\ *e pro\s e(/kton to\ *z. *)epei\ ga\r e)/sti tina\ tw=n me\n *g, *e i)sa/kis pollapla/sia, tw=n de\ *d, *z a)/lla, a(\ e)/tuxen, i)sa/kis pollapla/sia, kai\ to\ me\n tou= *g pollapla/sion tou= tou= *d pollaplasi/ou u(pere/xei, to\ de\ tou= *e pollapla/sion tou= tou= *z pollaplasi/ou ou)x u(pere/xei, ei)lh/- fqw, kai\ e)/stw tw=n me\n *g, *e i)sa/- kis pollapla/sia ta\ *h, *q, tw=n de\ *d, *z a)/lla, a(\ e)/tuxen, i)sa/kis pollapla/sia ta\ *k, *l, w(/ste to\ me\n *h tou= *k u(pere/xein, to\ de\ *q tou= *l mh\ u(pere/xein: kai\ o(sapla/sion me/n e)sti to\ *h tou= *g, tosautapla/sion e)/stw kai\ to\ *m tou= *a, o(sapla/sion de\ to\ *k tou= *d, tosautapla/sion e)/stw kai\ to\ *n tou= *b. *kai\ e)pei/ e)stin w(s to\ *a pro\s to\ *b, ou(/tws to\ *g pro\s to\ *d, kai\ ei)/lhptai tw=n me\n *a, *g i)sa/kis pollapla/sia ta\ *m, *h, tw=n de\ *b, *d a)/lla, a(\ e)/tuxen, i)sa/kis pollapla/sia ta\ *n, *k, ei) a)/ra u(pere/xei to\ *m tou= *n, u(pere/xei kai\ to\ *h tou= *k, kai\ ei) i)/son, i)/son, kai\ ei) e)/latton, e)/latton. u(pere/xei de\ to\ *h tou= *k: u(pere/xei a)/ra kai\ to\ *m tou= *n. to\ de\ *q tou= *l ou)x u(pere/xei: kai/ e)sti ta\ me\n *m, *q tw=n *a, *e i)sa/kis pollapla/sia, ta\ de\ *n, *l tw=n *b, *z a)/lla, a(\ e)/tuxen, i)sa/kis pollapla/sia: to\ a)/ra *a pro\s to\ *b mei/zona lo/gon e)/xei h)/per to\ *e pro\s to\ *z. *)ea\n a)/ra prw=ton pro\s deu/teron to\n au)to\n e)/xh| lo/gon kai\ tri/ton pro\s te/tarton, tri/ton de\ pro\s te/tarton mei/zona lo/gon e)/xh| h)\ pe/mpton pro\s e(/kton, kai\ prw=ton pro\s deu/teron mei/zona lo/gon e(/cei h)\ pe/mpton pro\s e(/kton: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *)ea\n prw=ton pro\s deu/teron to\n au)to\n e)/xh| lo/gon kai\ tri/ton pro\s te/tarton, to\ de\ prw=ton tou= tri/tou mei=zon h)=|, kai\ to\ deu/teron tou= teta/rtou mei=zon e)/stai, ka)\n i)/son, i)/son, ka)\n e)/latton, e)/latton. *prw=ton ga\r to\ *a pro\s deu/teron to\ *b to\n au)to\n e)xe/tw lo/gon kai\ tri/ton to\ *g pro\s te/tarton to\ *d, mei=zon de\ e)/stw to\ *a tou= *g: le/gw, o(/ti kai\ to\ *b tou= *d mei=zo/n e)stin. *)epei\ ga\r to\ *a tou= *g mei=zo/n e)stin, a)/llo de/, o(\ e)/tuxen, [me/ge- qos] to\ *b, to\ *a a)/ra pro\s to\ *b mei/zona lo/gon e)/xei h)/per to\ *g pro\s to\ *b. w(s de\ to\ *a pro\s to\ *b, ou(/tws to\ *g pro\s to\ *d: kai\ to\ *g a)/ra pro\s to\ *d mei/zona lo/gon e)/xei h)/per to\ *g pro\s to\ *b. pro\s o(\ de\ to\ au)to\ mei/zona lo/gon e)/xei, e)kei=no e)/lasso/n e)stin: e)/lasson a)/ra to\ *d tou= *b: w(/ste mei=zo/n e)sti to\ *b tou= *d. *(omoi/ws dh\ dei/comen, o(/ti ka)\n i)/son h)=| to\ *a tw=| *g, i)/son e)/stai kai\ to\ *b tw=| *d, ka)\n e)/lasson h)=| to\ *a tou= *g, e)/lasson e)/stai kai\ to\ *b tou= *d. *)ea\n a)/ra prw=ton pro\s deu/teron to\n au)to\n e)/xh| lo/gon kai\ tri/ton pro\s te/tarton, to\ de\ prw=ton tou= tri/tou mei=zon h)=|, kai\ to\ deu/teron tou= teta/rtou mei=zon e)/stai, ka)\n i)/son, i)/son, ka)\n e)/latton, e)/latton: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *ta\ me/rh toi=s w(sau/tws pollaplasi/ois to\n au)to\n e)/xei lo/gon lhfqe/nta kata/llhla. *)/estw ga\r i)sa/kis pollapla/sion to\ *a*b tou= *g kai\ to\ *d*e tou= *z: le/gw, o(/ti e)sti\n w(s to\ *g pro\s to\ *z, ou(/tws to\ *a*b pro\s to\ *d*e. *)epei\ ga\r i)sa/kis e)sti\ pollapla/sion to\ *a*b tou= *g kai\ to\ *d*e tou= *z, o(/sa a)/ra e)sti\n e)n tw=| *a*b mege/qh i)/sa tw=| *g, tosau=ta kai\ e)n tw=| *d*e i)/sa tw=| *z. dih|rh/sqw to\ me\n *a*b ei)s ta\ tw=| *g i)/sa ta\ *a*h, *h*q, *q*b, to\ de\ *d*e ei)s ta\ tw=| *z i)/sa ta\ *d*k, *k*l, *l*e: e)/stai dh\ i)/son to\ plh=qos tw=n *a*h, *h*q, *q*b tw=| plh/qei tw=n *d*k, *k*l, *l*e. kai\ e)pei\ i)/sa e)sti\ ta\ *a*h, *h*q, *q*b a)llh/lois, e)/sti de\ kai\ ta\ *d*k, *k*l, *l*e i)/sa a)llh/lois, e)/stin a)/ra w(s to\ *a*h pro\s to\ *d*k, ou(/tws to\ *h*q pro\s to\ *k*l, kai\ to\ *q*b pro\s to\ *l*e. e)/stai a)/ra kai\ w(s e(\n tw=n h(goume/nwn pro\s e(\n tw=n e(pome/nwn, ou(/tws a(/panta ta\ h(gou/mena pro\s a(/panta ta\ e(po/mena: e)/stin a)/ra w(s to\ *a*h pro\s to\ *d*k, ou(/tws to\ *a*b pro\s to\ *d*e. i)/son de\ to\ me\n *a*h tw=| *g, to\ de\ *d*k tw=| *z: e)/stin a)/ra w(s to\ *g pro\s to\ *z ou(/tws to\ *a*b pro\s to\ *d*e. *ta\ a)/ra me/rh toi=s w(sau/tws pollaplasi/ois to\n au)to\n e)/xei lo/gon lhfqe/nta kata/llhla: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *)ea\n te/ssara mege/qh a)na/logon h)=|, kai\ e)nalla\c a)na/logon e)/stai. *)/estw te/ssara mege/qh a)na/logon ta\ *a, *b, *g, *d, w(s to\ *a pro\s to\ *b, ou(/tws to\ *g pro\s to\ *d: le/gw, o(/ti kai\ e)nalla\c [a)na/- logon] e)/stai, w(s to\ *a pro\s to\ *g, ou(/tws to\ *b pro\s to\ *d. *ei)lh/fqw ga\r tw=n me\n *a, *b i)sa/kis pollapla/sia ta\ *e, *z, tw=n de\ *g, *d a)/lla, a(\ e)/tuxen, i)sa/kis pollapla/sia ta\ *h, *q. *kai\ e)pei\ i)sa/kis e)sti\ pollapla/sion to\ *e tou= *a kai\ to\ *z tou= *b, ta\ de\ me/rh toi=s w(sau/tws pollaplasi/ois to\n au)to\n e)/xei lo/gon, e)/stin a)/ra w(s to\ *a pro\s to\ *b, ou(/tws to\ *e pro\s to\ *z. w(s de\ to\ *a pro\s to\ *b, ou(/tws to\ *g pro\s to\ *d: kai\ w(s a)/ra to\ *g pro\s to\ *d, ou(/tws to\ *e pro\s to\ *z. pa/lin, e)pei\ ta\ *h, *q tw=n *g, *d i)sa/kis e)sti\ pollapla/sia, e)/stin a)/ra w(s to\ *g pro\s to\ *d, ou(/tws to\ *h pro\s to\ *q. w(s de\ to\ *g pro\s to\ *d, [ou(/tws] to\ *e pro\s to\ *z: kai\ w(s a)/ra to\ *e pro\s to\ *z, ou(/tws to\ *h pro\s to\ *q. e)a\n de\ te/s- sara mege/qh a)na/logon h)=|, to\ de\ prw=ton tou= tri/tou mei=zon h)=|, kai\ to\ deu/teron tou= teta/rtou mei=zon e)/stai, ka)\n i)/son, i)/son, ka)\n e)/latton, e)/latton. ei) a)/ra u(pere/xei to\ *e tou= *h, u(pere/xei kai\ to\ *z tou= *q, kai\ ei) i)/son, i)/son, kai\ ei) e)/latton, e)/latton. kai/ e)sti ta\ me\n *e, *z tw=n *a, *b i)sa/kis pollapla/- sia, ta\ de\ *h, *q tw=n *g, *d a)/lla, a(\ e)/tuxen, i)sa/kis polla- pla/sia: e)/stin a)/ra w(s to\ *a pro\s to\ *g, ou(/tws to\ *b pro\s to\ *d. *)ea\n a)/ra te/ssara mege/qh a)na/logon h)=|, kai\ e)nalla\c a)na/logon e)/stai: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *)ea\n sugkei/mena mege/qh a)na/logon h)=|, kai\ diaireqe/nta a)na/logon e)/stai. *)/estw sugkei/mena mege/qh a)na/logon ta\ *a*b, *b*e, *g*d, *d*z, w(s to\ *a*b pro\s to\ *b*e, ou(/tws to\ *g*d pro\s to\ *d*z: le/gw, o(/ti kai\ diaireqe/nta a)na/logon e)/stai, w(s to\ *a*e pro\s to\ *e*b, ou(/tws to\ *g*z pro\s to\ *d*z. *ei)lh/fqw ga\r tw=n me\n *a*e, *e*b, *g*z, *z*d i)sa/kis pollapla/sia ta\ *h*q, *q*k, *l*m, *m*n, tw=n de\ *e*b, *z*d a)/lla, a(\ e)/tuxen, i)sa/kis pollapla/sia ta\ *k*c, *n*p. *kai\ e)pei\ i)sa/kis e)sti\ pollapla/sion to\ *h*q tou= *a*e kai\ to\ *q*k tou= *e*b, i)sa/kis a)/ra e)sti\ pollapla/sion to\ *h*q tou= *a*e kai\ to\ *h*k tou= *a*b. i)sa/kis de/ e)sti polla- pla/sion to\ *h*q tou= *a*e kai\ to\ *l*m tou= *g*z: i)sa/kis a)/ra e)sti\ pollapla/sion to\ *h*k tou= *a*b kai\ to\ *l*m tou= *g*z. pa/lin, e)pei\ i)sa/kis e)sti\ pollapla/sion to\ *l*m tou= *g*z kai\ to\ *m*n tou= *z*d, i)sa/kis a)/ra e)sti\ pollapla/sion to\ *l*m tou= *g*z kai\ to\ *l*n tou= *g*d. i)sa/kis de\ h)=n pollapla/sion to\ *l*m tou= *g*z kai\ to\ *h*k tou= *a*b: i)sa/kis a)/ra e)sti\ pol- lapla/sion to\ *h*k tou= *a*b kai\ to\ *l*n tou= *g*d. ta\ *h*k, *l*n a)/ra tw=n *a*b, *g*d i)sa/kis e)sti\ pollapla/sia. pa/lin, e)pei\ i)sa/kis e)sti\ pollapla/sion to\ *q*k tou= *e*b kai\ to\ *m*n tou= *z*d, e)/sti de\ kai\ to\ *k*c tou= *e*b i)sa/kis pollapla/- sion kai\ to\ *n*p tou= *z*d, kai\ sunteqe\n to\ *q*c tou= *e*b i)sa/kis e)sti\ pollapla/sion kai\ to\ *m*p tou= *z*d. *kai\ e)pei/ e)stin w(s to\ *a*b pro\s to\ *b*e, ou(/tws to\ *g*d pro\s to\ *d*z, kai\ ei)/lhptai tw=n me\n *a*b, *g*d i)sa/kis pollapla/sia ta\ *h*k, *l*n, tw=n de\ *e*b, *z*d i)sa/kis pollapla/sia ta\ *q*c, *m*p, ei) a)/ra u(pere/xei to\ *h*k tou= *q*c, u(pere/xei kai\ to\ *l*n tou= *m*p, kai\ ei) i)/son, i)/son, kai\ ei) e)/latton, e)/latton. u(perexe/tw dh\ to\ *h*k tou= *q*c, kai\ koinou= a)faireqe/ntos tou= *q*k u(pere/xei a)/ra kai\ to\ *h*q tou= *k*c. a)lla\ ei) u(perei=xe to\ *h*k tou= *q*c, u(perei=xe kai\ to\ *l*n tou= *m*p: u(pere/xei a)/ra kai\ to\ *l*n tou= *m*p, kai\ koinou= a)faireqe/ntos tou= *m*n u(pere/xei kai\ to\ *l*m tou= *n*p: w(/ste ei) u(pere/xei to\ *h*q tou= *k*c, u(pere/xei kai\ to\ *l*m tou= *n*p. o(moi/ws dh\ dei/comen, o(/ti ka)\n i)/son h)=| to\ *h*q tw=| *k*c, i)/son e)/stai kai\ to\ *l*m tw=| *n*p, ka)\n e)/latton, e)/latton. kai/ e)sti ta\ me\n *h*q, *l*m tw=n *a*e, *g*z i)sa/kis pollapla/sia, ta\ de\ *k*c, *n*p tw=n *e*b, *z*d a)/lla, a(\ e)/tuxen, i)sa/kis pollapla/sia: e)/stin a)/ra w(s to\ *a*e pro\s to\ *e*b, ou(/tws to\ *g*z pro\s to\ *z*d. *)ea\n a)/ra sugkei/mena mege/qh a)na/logon h)=|, kai\ diaire- qe/nta a)na/logon e)/stai: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *)ea\n dih|rhme/na mege/qh a)na/logon h)=|, kai\ sunteqe/nta a)na/logon e)/stai. *)/estw dih|rhme/na mege/qh a)na/logon ta\ *a*e, *e*b, *g*z, *z*d, w(s to\ *a*e pro\s to\ *e*b, ou(/tws to\ *g*z pro\s to\ *z*d: le/gw, o(/ti kai\ sunteqe/nta a)na/- logon e)/stai, w(s to\ *a*b pro\s to\ *b*e, ou(/tws to\ *g*d pro\s to\ *z*d. *ei) ga\r mh/ e)stin w(s to\ *a*b pro\s to\ *b*e, ou(/tws to\ *g*d pro\s to\ *d*z, e)/stai w(s to\ *a*b pro\s to\ *b*e, ou(/tws to\ *g*d h)/toi pro\s e)/lasso/n ti tou= *d*z h)\ pro\s mei=zon. *)/estw pro/teron pro\s e)/lasson to\ *d*h. kai\ e)pei/ e)stin w(s to\ *a*b pro\s to\ *b*e, ou(/tws to\ *g*d pro\s to\ *d*h, sugkei/mena mege/qh a)na/logo/n e)stin: w(/ste kai\ diaireqe/nta a)na/logon e)/stai. e)/stin a)/ra w(s to\ *a*e pro\s to\ *e*b, ou(/tws to\ *g*h pro\s to\ *h*d. u(po/keitai de\ kai\ w(s to\ *a*e pro\s to\ *e*b, ou(/tws to\ *g*z pro\s to\ *z*d. kai\ w(s a)/ra to\ *g*h pro\s to\ *h*d, ou(/tws to\ *g*z pro\s to\ *z*d. mei=zon de\ to\ prw=ton to\ *g*h tou= tri/tou tou= *g*z: mei=zon a)/ra kai\ to\ deu/teron to\ *h*d tou= teta/rtou tou= *z*d. a)lla\ kai\ e)/latton: o(/per e)sti\n a)du/naton: ou)k a)/ra e)sti\n w(s to\ *a*b pro\s to\ *b*e, ou(/tws to\ *g*d pro\s e)/lasson tou= *z*d. o(moi/ws dh\ dei/comen, o(/ti ou)de\ pro\s mei=zon: pro\s au)to\ a)/ra. *)ea\n a)/ra dih|rhme/na mege/qh a)na/logon h)=|, kai\ sun- teqe/nta a)na/logon e)/stai: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *)ea\n h)=| w(s o(/lon pro\s o(/lon, ou(/tws a)faireqe\n pro\s a)faireqe/n, kai\ to\ loipo\n pro\s to\ loipo\n e)/stai w(s o(/lon pro\s o(/lon. *)/estw ga\r w(s o(/lon to\ *a*b pro\s o(/lon to\ *g*d, ou(/tws a)faireqe\n to\ *a*e pro\s a)faireqe\n to\ *g*z: le/gw, o(/ti kai\ loipo\n to\ *e*b pro\s loipo\n to\ *z*d e)/stai w(s o(/lon to\ *a*b pro\s o(/lon to\ *g*d. *)epei\ ga/r e)stin w(s to\ *a*b pro\s to\ *g*d, ou(/tws to\ *a*e pro\s to\ *g*z, kai\ e)nalla\c w(s to\ *b*a pro\s to\ *a*e, ou(/tws to\ *d*g pro\s to\ *g*z. kai\ e)pei\ sugkei/mena mege/qh a)na/logo/n e)stin, kai\ diaire- qe/nta a)na/logon e)/stai, w(s to\ *b*e pro\s to\ *e*a, ou(/tws to\ *d*z pro\s to\ *g*z: kai\ e)nalla/c, w(s to\ *b*e pro\s to\ *d*z, ou(/tws to\ *e*a pro\s to\ *z*g. w(s de\ to\ *a*e pro\s to\ *g*z, ou(/tws u(po/keitai o(/lon to\ *a*b pro\s o(/lon to\ *g*d. kai\ loipo\n a)/ra to\ *e*b pro\s loipo\n to\ *z*d e)/stai w(s o(/lon to\ *a*b pro\s o(/lon to\ *g*d. *)ea\n a)/ra h)=| w(s o(/lon pro\s o(/lon, ou(/tws a)faireqe\n pro\s a)faireqe/n, kai\ to\ loipo\n pro\s to\ loipo\n e)/stai w(s o(/lon pro\s o(/lon [o(/per e)/dei dei=cai]. [*kai\ e)pei\ e)dei/xqh w(s to\ *a*b pro\s to\ *g*d, ou(/tws to\ *e*b pro\s to\ *z*d, kai\ e)nalla\c w(s to\ *a*b pro\s to\ *b*e ou(/tws to\ *g*d pro\s to\ *z*d, sugkei/mena a)/ra mege/qh a)na/logo/n e)stin: e)dei/xqh de\ w(s to\ *b*a pro\s to\ *a*e, ou(/tws to\ *d*g pro\s to\ *g*z: kai/ e)stin a)nastre/yanti]. *po/risma *)ek dh\ tou/tou fanero/n, o(/ti e)a\n sugkei/mena mege/qh a)na/lo- gon h)=|, kai\ a)nastre/yanti a)na/logon e)/stai: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *)ea\n h)=| tri/a mege/qh kai\ a)/lla au)toi=s i)/sa to\ plh=qos, su/nduo lambano/mena kai\ e)n tw=| au)tw=| lo/gw|, di' i)/sou de\ to\ prw=ton tou= tri/tou mei=zon h)=|, kai\ to\ te/tarton tou= e(/ktou mei=zon e)/stai, ka)\n i)/son, i)/son, ka)\n e)/latton, e)/latton. *)/estw tri/a mege/qh ta\ *a, *b, *g, kai\ a)/lla au)toi=s i)/sa to\ plh=qos ta\ *d, *e, *z, su/nduo lambano/mena e)n tw=| au)tw=| lo/gw|, w(s me\n to\ *a pro\s to\ *b, ou(/tws to\ *d pro\s to\ *e, w(s de\ to\ *b pro\s to\ *g, ou(/tws to\ *e pro\s to\ *z, di' i)/sou de\ mei=zon e)/stw to\ *a tou= *g: le/gw, o(/ti kai\ to\ *d tou= *z mei=zon e)/stai, ka)\n i)/son, i)/son, ka)\n e)/latton, e)/latton. *)epei\ ga\r mei=zo/n e)sti to\ *a tou= *g, a)/llo de/ ti to\ *b, to\ de\ mei=zon pro\s to\ au)to\ mei/zona lo/gon e)/xei h)/per to\ e)/latton, to\ *a a)/ra pro\s to\ *b mei/zona lo/gon e)/xei h)/per to\ *g pro\s to\ *b. a)ll' w(s me\n to\ *a pro\s to\ *b, [ou(/tws] to\ *d pro\s to\ *e, w(s de\ to\ *g pro\s to\ *b, a)na/palin ou(/tws to\ *z pro\s to\ *e: kai\ to\ *d a)/ra pro\s to\ *e mei/zona lo/gon e)/xei h)/per to\ *z pro\s to\ *e. tw=n de\ pro\s to\ au)to\ lo/gon e)xo/ntwn to\ mei/zona lo/gon e)/xon mei=zo/n e)stin. mei=zon a)/ra to\ *d tou= *z. o(moi/ws dh\ dei/comen, o(/ti ka)\n i)/son h)=| to\ *a tw=| *g, i)/son e)/stai kai\ to\ *d tw=| *z, ka)\n e)/latton, e)/latton. *)ea\n a)/ra h)=| tri/a mege/qh kai\ a)/lla au)toi=s i)/sa to\ plh=qos, su/nduo lambano/mena kai\ e)n tw=| au)tw=| lo/gw|, di' i)/sou de\ to\ prw=ton tou= tri/tou mei=zon h)=|, kai\ to\ te/tarton tou= e(/ktou mei=zon e)/stai, ka)\n i)/son, i)/son, ka)\n e)/latton, e)/latton: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *)ea\n h)=| tri/a mege/qh kai\ a)/lla au)toi=s i)/sa to\ plh=qos su/nduo lambano/mena kai\ e)n tw=| au)tw=| lo/gw|, h)=| de\ teta- ragme/nh au)tw=n h( a)nalogi/a, di' i)/sou de\ to\ prw=ton tou= tri/tou mei=zon h)=|, kai\ to\ te/tarton tou= e(/ktou mei=zon e)/stai, ka)\n i)/son, i)/son, ka)\n e)/latton, e)/latton. *)/estw tri/a mege/qh ta\ *a, *b, *g kai\ a)/lla au)toi=s i)/sa to\ plh=qos ta\ *d, *e, *z, su/nduo lambano/mena kai\ e)n tw=| au)tw=| lo/gw|, e)/stw de\ tetaragme/nh au)tw=n h( a)nalogi/a, w(s me\n to\ *a pro\s to\ *b, ou(/tws to\ *e pro\s to\ *z, w(s de\ to\ *b pro\s to\ *g, ou(/tws to\ *d pro\s to\ *e, di' i)/sou de\ to\ *a tou= *g mei=zon e)/stw: le/gw, o(/ti kai\ to\ *d tou= *z mei=zon e)/stai, ka)\n i)/son, i)/son, ka)\n e)/latton, e)/latton. *)epei\ ga\r mei=zo/n e)sti to\ *a tou= *g, a)/llo de/ ti to\ *b, to\ *a a)/ra pro\s to\ *b mei/zona lo/gon e)/xei h)/per to\ *g pro\s to\ *b. a)ll' w(s me\n to\ *a pro\s to\ *b, ou(/tws to\ *e pro\s to\ *z, w(s de\ to\ *g pro\s to\ *b, a)na/palin ou(/tws to\ *e pro\s to\ *d. kai\ to\ *e a)/ra pro\s to\ *z mei/zona lo/gon e)/xei h)/per to\ *e pro\s to\ *d. pro\s o(\ de\ to\ au)to\ mei/zona lo/gon e)/xei, e)kei=no e)/lasso/n e)stin: e)/lasson a)/ra e)sti\ to\ *z tou= *d: mei=zon a)/ra e)sti\ to\ *d tou= *z. o(moi/ws dh\ dei/comen, o(/ti ka)\n i)/son h)=| to\ *a tw=| *g, i)/son e)/stai kai\ to\ *d tw=| *z, ka)\n e)/latton, e)/latton. *)ea\n a)/ra h)=| tri/a mege/qh kai\ a)/lla au)toi=s i)/sa to\ plh=qos, su/nduo lambano/mena kai\ e)n tw=| au)tw=| lo/gw|, h)=| de\ tetarag- me/nh au)tw=n h( a)nalogi/a, di' i)/sou de\ to\ prw=ton tou= tri/tou mei=zon h)=|, kai\ to\ te/tarton tou= e(/ktou mei=zon e)/stai, ka)\n i)/son, i)/son, ka)\n e)/latton, e)/latton: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *)ea\n h)=| o(posaou=n mege/qh kai\ a)/lla au)toi=s i)/sa to\ plh=qos, su/nduo lambano/mena kai\ e)n tw=| au)tw=| lo/gw|, kai\ di' i)/sou e)n tw=| au)tw=| lo/gw| e)/stai. *)/estw o(posaou=n mege/qh ta\ *a, *b, *g kai\ a)/lla au)toi=s i)/sa to\ plh=qos ta\ *d, *e, *z, su/nduo lambano/mena e)n tw=| au)tw=| lo/gw|, w(s me\n to\ *a pro\s to\ *b, ou(/tws to\ *d pro\s to\ *e, w(s de\ to\ *b pro\s to\ *g, ou(/tws to\ *e pro\s to\ *z: le/gw, o(/ti kai\ di' i)/sou e)n tw=| au)tw=| lo/gw| e)/stai. *ei)lh/fqw ga\r tw=n me\n *a, *d i)sa/kis pollapla/sia ta\ *h, *q, tw=n de\ *b, *e a)/lla, a(\ e)/tuxen, i)sa/kis pollapla/sia ta\ *k, *l, kai\ e)/ti tw=n *g, *z a)/lla, a(\ e)/tuxen, i)sa/kis polla- pla/sia ta\ *m, *n. *kai\ e)pei/ e)stin w(s to\ *a pro\s to\ *b, ou(/tws to\ *d pro\s to\ *e, kai\ ei)/lhptai tw=n me\n *a, *d i)sa/kis pollapla/sia ta\ *h, *q, tw=n de\ *b, *e a)/lla, a(\ e)/tuxen, i)sa/kis pollapla/sia ta\ *k, *l, e)/stin a)/ra w(s to\ *h pro\s to\ *k, ou(/tws to\ *q pro\s to\ *l. dia\ ta\ au)ta\ dh\ kai\ w(s to\ *k pro\s to\ *m, ou(/tws to\ *l pro\s to\ *n. e)pei\ ou)=n tri/a mege/qh e)sti\ ta\ *h, *k, *m, kai\ a)/lla au)toi=s i)/sa to\ plh=qos ta\ *q, *l, *n, su/nduo lambano/- mena kai\ e)n tw=| au)tw=| lo/gw|, di' i)/sou a)/ra, ei) u(pere/xei to\ *h tou= *m, u(pere/xei kai\ to\ *q tou= *n, kai\ ei) i)/son, i)/son, kai\ ei) e)/latton, e)/latton. kai/ e)sti ta\ me\n *h, *q tw=n *a, *d i)sa/kis pollapla/sia, ta\ de\ *m, *n tw=n *g, *z a)/lla, a(\ e)/tuxen, i)sa/kis pollapla/sia. e)/stin a)/ra w(s to\ *a pro\s to\ *g, ou(/tws to\ *d pro\s to\ *z. *)ea\n a)/ra h)=| o(posaou=n mege/qh kai\ a)/lla au)toi=s i)/sa to\ plh=qos, su/nduo lambano/mena e)n tw=| au)tw=| lo/gw|, kai\ di' i)/sou e)n tw=| au)tw=| lo/gw| e)/stai: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *)ea\n h)=| tri/a mege/qh kai\ a)/lla au)toi=s i)/sa to\ plh=qos su/nduo lambano/mena e)n tw=| au)tw=| lo/gw|, h)=| de\ tetaragme/nh au)tw=n h( a)nalogi/a, kai\ di' i)/sou e)n tw=| au)tw=| lo/gw| e)/stai. *)/estw tri/a mege/qh ta\ *a, *b, *g kai\ a)/lla au)toi=s i)/sa to\ plh=qos su/nduo lambano/mena e)n tw=| au)tw=| lo/gw| ta\ *d, *e, *z, e)/stw de\ tetaragme/nh au)tw=n h( a)nalogi/a, w(s me\n to\ *a pro\s to\ *b, ou(/tws to\ *e pro\s to\ *z, w(s de\ to\ *b pro\s to\ *g, ou(/tws to\ *d pro\s to\ *e: le/gw, o(/ti e)sti\n w(s to\ *a pro\s to\ *g, ou(/tws to\ *d pro\s to\ *z. *ei)lh/fqw tw=n me\n *a, *b, *d i)sa/kis pollapla/sia ta\ *h, *q, *k, tw=n de\ *g, *e, *z a)/lla, a(\ e)/tuxen, i)sa/kis pollapla/sia ta\ *l, *m, *n. *kai\ e)pei\ i)sa/kis e)sti\ pollapla/sia ta\ *h, *q tw=n *a, *b, ta\ de\ me/rh toi=s w(sau/tws pollaplasi/ois to\n au)to\n e)/xei lo/gon, e)/stin a)/ra w(s to\ *a pro\s to\ *b, ou(/tws to\ *h pro\s to\ *q. dia\ ta\ au)ta\ dh\ kai\ w(s to\ *e pro\s to\ *z, ou(/tws to\ *m pro\s to\ *n: kai/ e)stin w(s to\ *a pro\s to\ *b, ou(/tws to\ *e pro\s to\ *z: kai\ w(s a)/ra to\ *h pro\s to\ *q, ou(/tws to\ *m pro\s to\ *n. kai\ e)pei/ e)stin w(s to\ *b pro\s to\ *g, ou(/tws to\ *d pro\s to\ *e, kai\ e)nalla\c w(s to\ *b pro\s to\ *d, ou(/tws to\ *g pro\s to\ *e. kai\ e)pei\ ta\ *q, *k tw=n *b, *d i)sa/kis e)sti\ pollapla/sia, ta\ de\ me/rh toi=s i)sa/kis pollaplasi/ois to\n au)to\n e)/xei lo/gon, e)/stin a)/ra w(s to\ *b pro\s to\ *d, ou(/tws to\ *q pro\s to\ *k. a)ll' w(s to\ *b pro\s to\ *d, ou(/tws to\ *g pro\s to\ *e: kai\ w(s a)/ra to\ *q pro\s to\ *k, ou(/tws to\ *g pro\s to\ *e. pa/lin, e)pei\ ta\ *l, *m tw=n *g, *e i)sa/kis e)sti polla- pla/sia, e)/stin a)/ra w(s to\ *g pro\s to\ *e, ou(/tws to\ *l pro\s to\ *m. a)ll' w(s to\ *g pro\s to\ *e, ou(/tws to\ *q pro\s to\ *k: kai\ w(s a)/ra to\ *q pro\s to\ *k, ou(/tws to\ *l pro\s to\ *m, kai\ e)nalla\c w(s to\ *q pro\s to\ *l, to\ *k pro\s to\ *m. e)dei/xqh de\ kai\ w(s to\ *h pro\s to\ *q, ou(/tws to\ *m pro\s to\ *n. e)pei\ ou)=n tri/a mege/qh e)sti\ ta\ *h, *q, *l, kai\ a)/lla au)toi=s i)/sa to\ plh=qos ta\ *k, *m, *n su/nduo lambano/mena e)n tw=| au)tw=| lo/gw|, kai/ e)stin au)tw=n tetaragme/nh h( a)nalogi/a, di' i)/sou a)/ra, ei) u(pere/xei to\ *h tou= *l, u(pere/xei kai\ to\ *k tou= *n, kai\ ei) i)/son, i)/son, kai\ ei) e)/latton, e)/latton. kai/ e)sti ta\ me\n *h, *k tw=n *a, *d i)sa/kis pollapla/sia, ta\ de\ *l, *n tw=n *g, *z. e)/stin a)/ra w(s to\ *a pro\s to\ *g, ou(/tws to\ *d pro\s to\ *z. *)ea\n a)/ra h)=| tri/a mege/qh kai\ a)/lla au)toi=s i)/sa to\ plh=qos su/nduo lambano/mena e)n tw=| au)tw=| lo/gw|, h)=| de\ tetaragme/nh au)tw=n h( a)nalogi/a, kai\ di' i)/sou e)n tw=| au)tw=| lo/gw| e)/stai: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *)ea\n prw=ton pro\s deu/teron to\n au)to\n e)/xh| lo/gon kai\ tri/ton pro\s te/tarton, e)/xh| de\ kai\ pe/mpton pro\s deu/teron to\n au)to\n lo/gon kai\ e(/kton pro\s te/tarton, kai\ sunteqe\n prw=ton kai\ pe/mpton pro\s deu/teron to\n au)to\n e(/cei lo/gon kai\ tri/ton kai\ e(/kton pro\s te/tarton. *prw=ton ga\r to\ *a*b pro\s deu/teron to\ *g to\n au)to\n e)xe/tw lo/gon kai\ tri/ton to\ *d*e pro\s te/tarton to\ *z, e)xe/tw de\ kai\ pe/mpton to\ *b*h pro\s deu/teron to\ *g to\n au)to\n lo/gon kai\ e(/kton to\ *e*q pro\s te/tarton to\ *z: le/gw, o(/ti kai\ sunteqe\n prw=ton kai\ pe/mp- ton to\ *a*h pro\s deu/teron to\ *g to\n au)to\n e(/cei lo/gon, kai\ tri/ton kai\ e(/kton to\ *d*q pro\s te/tarton to\ *z. *)epei\ ga/r e)stin w(s to\ *b*h pro\s to\ *g, ou(/tws to\ *e*q pro\s to\ *z, a)na/palin a)/ra w(s to\ *g pro\s to\ *b*h, ou(/tws to\ *z pro\s to\ *e*q. e)pei\ ou)=n e)stin w(s to\ *a*b pro\s to\ *g, ou(/tws to\ *d*e pro\s to\ *z, w(s de\ to\ *g pro\s to\ *b*h, ou(/tws to\ *z pro\s to\ *e*q, di' i)/sou a)/ra e)sti\n w(s to\ *a*b pro\s to\ *b*h, ou(/tws to\ *d*e pro\s to\ *e*q. kai\ e)pei\ dih|rhme/na mege/qh a)na/logo/n e)stin, kai\ sunteqe/nta a)na/logon e)/stai: e)/stin a)/ra w(s to\ *a*h pro\s to\ *h*b, ou(/tws to\ *d*q pro\s to\ *q*e. e)/sti de\ kai\ w(s to\ *b*h pro\s to\ *g, ou(/tws to\ *e*q pro\s to\ *z: di' i)/sou a)/ra e)sti\n w(s to\ *a*h pro\s to\ *g, ou(/tws to\ *d*q pro\s to\ *z. *)ea\n a)/ra prw=ton pro\s deu/teron to\n au)to\n e)/xh| lo/gon kai\ tri/ton pro\s te/tarton, e)/xh| de\ kai\ pe/mpton pro\s deu/te- ron to\n au)to\n lo/gon kai\ e(/kton pro\s te/tarton, kai\ sunteqe\n prw=ton kai\ pe/mpton pro\s deu/teron to\n au)to\n e(/cei lo/gon kai\ tri/ton kai\ e(/kton pro\s te/tarton: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *)ea\n te/ssara mege/qh a)na/logon h)=|, to\ me/giston [au)tw=n] kai\ to\ e)la/xiston du/o tw=n loipw=n mei/zona/ e)stin. *)/estw te/ssara mege/qh a)na/logon ta\ *a*b, *g*d, *e, *z, w(s to\ *a*b pro\s to\ *g*d, ou(/tws to\ *e pro\s to\ *z, e)/stw de\ me/giston me\n au)tw=n to\ *a*b, e)la/xiston de\ to\ *z: le/gw, o(/ti ta\ *a*b, *z tw=n *g*d, *e mei/zona/ e)stin. *kei/sqw ga\r tw=| me\n *e i)/son to\ *a*h, tw=| de\ *z i)/son to\ *g*q. *)epei\ [ou)=n] e)stin w(s to\ *a*b pro\s to\ *g*d, ou(/tws to\ *e pro\s to\ *z, i)/son de\ to\ me\n *e tw=| *a*h, to\ de\ *z tw=| *g*q, e)/stin a)/ra w(s to\ *a*b pro\s to\ *g*d, ou(/tws to\ *a*h pro\s to\ *g*q. kai\ e)pei/ e)stin w(s o(/lon to\ *a*b pro\s o(/lon to\ *g*d, ou(/tws a)faireqe\n to\ *a*h pro\s a)faireqe\n to\ *g*q, kai\ loipo\n a)/ra to\ *h*b pro\s loipo\n to\ *q*d e)/stai w(s o(/lon to\ *a*b pro\s o(/lon to\ *g*d. mei=zon de\ to\ *a*b tou= *g*d: mei=zon a)/ra kai\ to\ *h*b tou= *q*d. kai\ e)pei\ i)/son e)sti\ to\ me\n *a*h tw=| *e, to\ de\ *g*q tw=| *z, ta\ a)/ra *a*h, *z i)/sa e)sti\ toi=s *g*q, *e. *kai\ [e)pei\] e)a\n [a)ni/sois i)/sa prosteqh=|, ta\ o(/la a)/nisa/ e)stin, e)a\n a)/ra] tw=n *h*b, *q*d a)ni/swn o)/ntwn kai\ mei/zonos tou= *h*b tw=| me\n *h*b prosteqh=| ta\ *a*h, *z, tw=| de\ *q*d prosteqh=| ta\ *g*q, *e, suna/getai ta\ *a*b, *z mei/zona tw=n *g*d, *e. *)ea\n a)/ra te/ssara mege/qh a)na/logon h)=|, to\ me/giston au)tw=n kai\ to\ e)la/xiston du/o tw=n loipw=n mei/zona/ e)stin: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai.

*(/omoia sxh/mata eu)qu/gramma/ e)stin, o(/sa ta/s te gwni/as i)/sas e)/xei kata\ mi/an kai\ ta\s peri\ ta\s i)/sas gwni/as pleura\s a)na/logon. [*)antipeponqo/ta de\ sxh/mata/ e)stin, o(/tan e)n e(ka- te/rw| tw=n sxhma/twn h(gou/menoi/ te kai\ e(po/menoi lo/goi w)=sin.] *)/akron kai\ me/son lo/gon eu)qei=a tetmh=sqai le/getai, o(/tan h)=| w(s h( o(/lh pro\s to\ mei=zon tmh=ma, ou(/tws to\ mei=zon pro\s to\ e)/latton. *(/uyos e)sti\ panto\s sxh/matos h( a)po\ th=s korufh=s e)pi\ th\n ba/sin ka/qetos a)gome/nh. [*lo/gos e)k lo/gwn sugkei=sqai le/getai, o(/tan ai( tw=n lo/gwn phliko/thtes e)f' e(auta\s pollaplasiasqei=sai poiw=si/ tina.]

*ta\ tri/gwna kai\ ta\ parallhlo/gramma, ta\ u(po\ to\ au)to\ u(/yos o)/nta pro\s a)/llhla/ e)stin w(s ai( ba/seis. *)/estw tri/gwna me\n ta\ *a*b*g, *a*g*d, parallhlo/- gramma de\ ta\ *e*g, *g*z u(po\ to\ au)to\ u(/yos to\ *a*g: le/gw, o(/ti e)sti\n w(s h( *b*g ba/sis pro\s th\n *g*d ba/sin, ou(/tws to\ *a*b*g tri/gwnon pro\s to\ *a*g*d tri/gwnon, kai\ to\ *e*g parallhlo/grammon pro\s to\ *g*z parallhlo/grammon. *)ekbeblh/sqw ga\r h( *b*d e)f' e(ka/tera ta\ me/rh e)pi\ ta\ *q, *l shmei=a, kai\ kei/sqwsan th=| me\n *b*g ba/sei i)/sai [o(saidhpotou=n] ai( *b*h, *h*q, th=| de\ *g*d ba/sei i)/sai o(saidhpotou=n ai( *d*k, *k*l, kai\ e)pezeu/xqwsan ai( *a*h, *a*q, *a*k, *a*l. *kai\ e)pei\ i)/sai ei)si\n ai( *g*b, *b*h, *h*q a)llh/lais, i)/sa e)sti\ kai\ ta\ *a*q*h, *a*h*b, *a*b*g tri/gwna a)llh/lois. o(saplasi/wn a)/ra e)sti\n h( *q*g ba/sis th=s *b*g ba/sews, tosautapla/sio/n e)sti kai\ to\ *a*q*g tri/gwnon tou= *a*b*g trigw/nou. dia\ ta\ au)ta\ dh\ o(saplasi/wn e)sti\n h( *l*g ba/sis th=s *g*d ba/sews, tosautapla/sio/n e)sti kai\ to\ *a*l*g tri/gwnon tou= *a*g*d trigw/nou: kai\ ei) i)/sh e)sti\n h( *q*g ba/sis th=| *g*l ba/sei, i)/son e)sti\ kai\ to\ *a*q*g tri/gwnon tw=| *a*g*l trigw/nw|, kai\ ei) u(pere/xei h( *q*g ba/sis th=s *g*l ba/sews, u(pere/xei kai\ to\ *a*q*g tri/gwnon tou= *a*g*l trigw/nou, kai\ ei) e)la/sswn, e)/lasson. tessa/rwn dh\ o)/ntwn megeqw=n du/o me\n ba/sewn tw=n *b*g, *g*d, du/o de\ trigw/nwn tw=n *a*b*g, *a*g*d ei)/lhptai i)sa/kis pollapla/sia th=s me\n *b*g ba/sews kai\ tou= *a*b*g trigw/nou h(/ te *q*g ba/sis kai\ to\ *a*q*g tri/gwnon, th=s de\ *g*d ba/sews kai\ tou= *a*d*g tri- gw/nou a)/lla, a(\ e)/tuxen, i)sa/kis pollapla/sia h(/ te *l*g ba/sis kai\ to\ *a*l*g tri/gwnon: kai\ de/deiktai, o(/ti, ei) u(per- e/xei h( *q*g ba/sis th=s *g*l ba/sews, u(pere/xei kai\ to\ *a*q*g tri/gwnon tou= *a*l*g trigw/nou, kai\ ei) i)/sh, i)/son, kai\ ei) e)la/sswn, e)/lasson: e)/stin a)/ra w(s h( *b*g ba/sis pro\s th\n *g*d ba/sin, ou(/tws to\ *a*b*g tri/gwnon pro\s to\ *a*g*d tri/gwnon. *kai\ e)pei\ tou= me\n *a*b*g trigw/nou dipla/sio/n e)sti to\ *e*g parallhlo/grammon, tou= de\ *a*g*d trigw/nou dipla/sio/n e)sti to\ *z*g parallhlo/grammon, ta\ de\ me/rh toi=s w(sau/tws pollaplasi/ois to\n au)to\n e)/xei lo/gon, e)/stin a)/ra w(s to\ *a*b*g tri/gwnon pro\s to\ *a*g*d tri/gwnon, ou(/tws to\ *e*g parallhlo/grammon pro\s to\ *z*g parallhlo/grammon. e)pei\ ou)=n e)dei/xqh, w(s me\n h( *b*g ba/sis pro\s th\n *g*d, ou(/tws to\ *a*b*g tri/gwnon pro\s to\ *a*g*d tri/gwnon, w(s de\ to\ *a*b*g tri/gwnon pro\s to\ *a*g*d tri/gwnon, ou(/tws to\ *e*g parallhlo/grammon pro\s to\ *g*z parallhlo/grammon, kai\ w(s a)/ra h( *b*g ba/sis pro\s th\n *g*d ba/sin, ou(/tws to\ *e*g parallhlo/grammon pro\s to\ *z*g parallhlo/grammon. *ta\ a)/ra tri/gwna kai\ ta\ parallhlo/gramma ta\ u(po\ to\ au)to\ u(/yos o)/nta pro\s a)/llhla/ e)stin w(s ai( ba/seis: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *)ea\n trigw/nou para\ mi/an tw=n pleurw=n a)xqh=| tis eu)qei=a, a)na/logon temei= ta\s tou= trigw/nou pleura/s: kai\ e)a\n ai( tou= trigw/nou pleurai\ a)na/logon tmhqw=sin, h( e)pi\ ta\s toma\s e)pizeugnume/nh eu)qei=a para\ th\n loiph\n e)/stai tou= trigw/nou pleura/n. *trigw/nou ga\r tou= *a*b*g para/llhlos mia=| tw=n pleurw=n th=| *b*g h)/xqw h( *d*e: le/gw, o(/ti e)sti\n w(s h( *b*d pro\s th\n *d*a, ou(/tws h( *g*e pro\s th\n *e*a. *)epezeu/xqwsan ga\r ai( *b*e, *g*d. *)/ison a)/ra e)sti\ *b*d*e tri/gwnon tw=| *g*d*e trigw/nw|: e)pi\ ga\r th=s au)th=s ba/sew/s e)sti th=s *d*e kai\ e)n tai=s au)tai=s parallh/lois tai=s *d*e, *b*g: a)/llo de/ ti to\ *a*d*e tri/gwnon. ta\ de\ i)/sa pro\s to\ au)to\ to\n au)to\n e)/xei lo/gon: e)/stin a)/ra w(s to\ *b*d*e tri/gwnon pro\s to\ *a*d*e [tri/gwnon], ou(/tws to\ *g*d*e tri/gwnon pro\s to\ *a*d*e tri/gwnon. a)ll' w(s me\n to\ *b*d*e tri/gwnon pro\s to\ *a*d*e, ou(/tws h( *b*d pro\s th\n *d*a: u(po\ ga\r to\ au)to\ u(/yos o)/nta th\n a)po\ tou= *e e)pi\ th\n *a*b ka/qeton a)gome/nhn pro\s a)/llhla/ ei)sin w(s ai( ba/seis. dia\ ta\ au)ta\ dh\ w(s to\ *g*d*e tri/gwnon pro\s to\ *a*d*e, ou(/tws h( *g*e pro\s th\n *e*a: kai\ w(s a)/ra h( *b*d pro\s th\n *d*a, ou(/tws h( *g*e pro\s th\n *e*a. *)alla\ dh\ ai( tou= *a*b*g trigw/nou pleurai\ ai( *a*b, *a*g a)na/logon tetmh/sqwsan, w(s h( *b*d pro\s th\n *d*a, ou(/tws h( *g*e pro\s th\n *e*a, kai\ e)pezeu/xqw h( *d*e: le/gw, o(/ti para/llhlo/s e)stin h( *d*e th=| *b*g. *tw=n ga\r au)tw=n kataskeuasqe/ntwn, e)pei/ e)stin w(s h( *b*d pro\s th\n *d*a, ou(/tws h( *g*e pro\s th\n *e*a, a)ll' w(s me\n h( *b*d pro\s th\n *d*a, ou(/tws to\ *b*d*e tri/gwnon pro\s to\ *a*d*e tri/gwnon, w(s de\ h( *g*e pro\s th\n *e*a, ou(/tws to\ *g*d*e tri/gwnon pro\s to\ *a*d*e tri/gwnon, kai\ w(s a)/ra to\ *b*d*e tri/gwnon pro\s to\ *a*d*e tri/gwnon, ou(/tws to\ *g*d*e tri/gwnon pro\s to\ *a*d*e tri/gwnon. e(ka/teron a)/ra tw=n *b*d*e, *g*d*e trigw/nwn pro\s to\ *a*d*e to\n au)to\n e)/xei lo/gon. i)/son a)/ra e)sti\ to\ *b*d*e tri/gwnon tw=| *g*d*e trigw/nw|: kai/ ei)sin e)pi\ th=s au)th=s ba/sews th=s *d*e. ta\ de\ i)/sa tri/gwna kai\ e)pi\ th=s au)th=s ba/sews o)/nta kai\ e)n tai=s au)tai=s parallh/lois e)sti/n. para/llhlos a)/ra e)sti\n h( *d*e th=| *b*g. *)ea\n a)/ra trigw/nou para\ mi/an tw=n pleurw=n a)xqh=| tis eu)qei=a, a)na/logon temei= ta\s tou= trigw/nou pleura/s: kai\ e)a\n ai( tou= trigw/nou pleurai\ a)na/logon tmhqw=sin, h( e)pi\ ta\s toma\s e)pizeugnume/nh eu)qei=a para\ th\n loiph\n e)/stai tou= trigw/nou pleura/n: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *)ea\n trigw/nou h( gwni/a di/xa tmhqh=|, h( de\ te/mnousa th\n gwni/an eu)qei=a te/mnh| kai\ th\n ba/sin, ta\ th=s ba/sews tmh/mata to\n au)to\n e(/cei lo/gon tai=s loipai=s tou= trigw/nou pleurai=s: kai\ e)a\n ta\ th=s ba/sews tmh/mata to\n au)to\n e)/xh| lo/gon tai=s loipai=s tou= trigw/nou pleurai=s, h( a)po\ th=s korufh=s e)pi\ th\n tomh\n e)pizeugnume/nh eu)qei=a di/xa temei= th\n tou= trigw/nou gwni/an. *)/estw tri/gwnon to\ *a*b*g, kai\ tetmh/sqw h( u(po\ *b*a*g gwni/a di/xa u(po\ th=s *a*d eu)qei/as: le/gw, o(/ti e)sti\n w(s h( *b*d pro\s th\n *g*d, ou(/tws h( *b*a pro\s th\n *a*g. *)/hxqw ga\r dia\ tou= *g th=| *d*a para/llhlos h( *g*e kai\ diaxqei=sa h( *b*a sumpipte/tw au)th=| kata\ to\ *e. *kai\ e)pei\ ei)s parallh/lous ta\s *a*d, *e*g eu)qei=a e)ne/pesen h( *a*g, h( a)/ra u(po\ *a*g*e gw- ni/a i)/sh e)sti\ th=| u(po\ *g*a*d. a)ll' h( u(po\ *g*a*d th=| u(po\ *b*a*d u(po/keitai i)/sh: kai\ h( u(po\ *b*a*d a)/ra th=| u(po\ *a*g*e e)stin i)/sh. pa/lin, e)pei\ ei)s parallh/lous ta\s *a*d, *e*g eu)qei=a e)ne/pesen h( *b*a*e, h( e)kto\s gwni/a h( u(po\ *b*a*d i)/sh e)sti\ th=| e)nto\s th=| u(po\ *a*e*g. e)dei/xqh de\ kai\ h( u(po\ *a*g*e th=| u(po\ *b*a*d i)/sh: kai\ h( u(po\ *a*g*e a)/ra gwni/a th=| u(po\ *a*e*g e)stin i)/sh: w(/ste kai\ pleura\ h( *a*e pleura=| th=| *a*g e)stin i)/sh. kai\ e)pei\ trigw/nou tou= *b*g*e para\ mi/an tw=n pleurw=n th\n *e*g h)=ktai h( *a*d, a)na/logon a)/ra e)sti\n w(s h( *b*d pro\s th\n *d*g, ou(/tws h( *b*a pro\s th\n *a*e. i)/sh de\ h( *a*e th=| *a*g: w(s a)/ra h( *b*d pro\s th\n *d*g, ou(/tws h( *b*a pro\s th\n *a*g. *)alla\ dh\ e)/stw w(s h( *b*d pro\s th\n *d*g, ou(/tws h( *b*a pro\s th\n *a*g, kai\ e)pezeu/xqw h( *a*d: le/gw, o(/ti di/xa te/tmhtai h( u(po\ *b*a*g gwni/a u(po\ th=s *a*d eu)qei/as. *tw=n ga\r au)tw=n kataskeuasqe/ntwn, e)pei/ e)stin w(s h( *b*d pro\s th\n *d*g, ou(/tws h( *b*a pro\s th\n *a*g, a)lla\ kai\ w(s h( *b*d pro\s th\n *d*g, ou(/tws e)sti\n h( *b*a pro\s th\n *a*e: trigw/nou ga\r tou= *b*g*e para\ mi/an th\n *e*g h)=ktai h( *a*d: kai\ w(s a)/ra h( *b*a pro\s th\n *a*g, ou(/tws h( *b*a pro\s th\n *a*e. i)/sh a)/ra h( *a*g th=| *a*e: w(/ste kai\ gwni/a h( u(po\ *a*e*g th=| u(po\ *a*g*e e)stin i)/sh. a)ll' h( me\n u(po\ *a*e*g th=| e)kto\s th=| u(po\ *b*a*d [e)stin] i)/sh, h( de\ u(po\ *a*g*e th=| e)nalla\c th=| u(po\ *g*a*d e)stin i)/sh: kai\ h( u(po\ *b*a*d a)/ra th=| u(po\ *g*a*d e)stin i)/sh. h( a)/ra u(po\ *b*a*g gwni/a di/xa te/tmhtai u(po\ th=s *a*d eu)qei/as. *)ea\n a)/ra trigw/nou h( gwni/a di/xa tmhqh=|, h( de\ te/mnousa th\n gwni/an eu)qei=a te/mnh| kai\ th\n ba/sin, ta\ th=s ba/sews tmh/mata to\n au)to\n e(/cei lo/gon tai=s loipai=s tou= trigw/nou pleurai=s: kai\ e)a\n ta\ th=s ba/sews tmh/mata to\n au)to\n e)/xh| lo/gon tai=s loipai=s tou= trigw/nou pleurai=s, h( a)po\ th=s korufh=s e)pi\ th\n tomh\n e)pizeugnume/nh eu)qei=a di/xa te/mnei th\n tou= trigw/nou gwni/an: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *tw=n i)sogwni/wn trigw/nwn a)na/logo/n ei)sin ai( pleurai\ ai( peri\ ta\s i)/sas gwni/as kai\ o(mo/logoi ai( u(po\ ta\s i)/sas gwni/as u(potei/nousai. *)/estw i)sogw/nia tri/gwna ta\ *a*b*g, *d*g*e i)/shn e)/xonta th\n me\n u(po\ *a*b*g gwni/an th=| u(po\ *d*g*e, th\n de\ u(po\ *b*a*g th=| u(po\ *g*d*e kai\ e)/ti th\n u(po\ *a*g*b th=| u(po\ *g*e*d: le/gw, o(/ti tw=n *a*b*g, *d*g*e trigw/nwn a)na/logo/n ei)sin ai( pleurai\ ai( peri\ ta\s i)/sas gwni/as kai\ o(mo/logoi ai( u(po\ ta\s i)/sas gwni/as u(potei/nousai. *kei/sqw ga\r e)p' eu)qei/as h( *b*g th=| *g*e. kai\ e)pei\ ai( u(po\ *a*b*g, *a*g*b gwni/ai du/o o)rqw=n e)la/ttone/s ei)sin, i)/sh de\ h( u(po\ *a*g*b th=| u(po\ *d*e*g, ai( a)/ra u(po\ *a*b*g, *d*e*g du/o o)rqw=n e)la/ttone/s ei)sin: ai( *b*a, *e*d a)/ra e)kballo/menai sumpesou=ntai. e)kbeblh/sqwsan kai\ sum- pipte/twsan kata\ to\ *z. *kai\ e)pei\ i)/sh e)sti\n h( u(po\ *d*g*e gwni/a th=| u(po\ *a*b*g, para/llhlo/s e)stin h( *b*z th=| *g*d. pa/lin, e)pei\ i)/sh e)sti\n h( u(po\ *a*g*b th=| u(po\ *d*e*g, para/llhlo/s e)stin h( *a*g th=| *z*e. parallhlo/grammon a)/ra e)sti\ to\ *z*a*g*d: i)/sh a)/ra h( me\n *z*a th=| *d*g, h( de\ *a*g th=| *z*d. kai\ e)pei\ trigw/nou tou= *z*b*e para\ mi/an th\n *z*e h)=ktai h( *a*g, e)/stin a)/ra w(s h( *b*a pro\s th\n *a*z, ou(/tws h( *b*g pro\s th\n *g*e. i)/sh de\ h( *a*z th=| *g*d: w(s a)/ra h( *b*a pro\s th\n *g*d, ou(/tws h( *b*g pro\s th\n *g*e, kai\ e)nalla\c w(s h( *a*b pro\s th\n *b*g, ou(/tws h( *d*g pro\s th\n *g*e. pa/lin, e)pei\ para/llhlo/s e)stin h( *g*d th=| *b*z, e)/stin a)/ra w(s h( *b*g pro\s th\n *g*e, ou(/tws h( *z*d pro\s th\n *d*e. i)/sh de\ h( *z*d th=| *a*g: w(s a)/ra h( *b*g pro\s th\n *g*e, ou(/tws h( *a*g pro\s th\n *d*e, kai\ e)nalla\c w(s h( *b*g pro\s th\n *g*a, ou(/tws h( *g*e pro\s th\n *e*d. e)pei\ ou)=n e)dei/xqh w(s me\n h( *a*b pro\s th\n *b*g, ou(/tws h( *d*g pro\s th\n *g*e, w(s de\ h( *b*g pro\s th\n *g*a, ou(/tws h( *g*e pro\s th\n *e*d, di' i)/sou a)/ra w(s h( *b*a pro\s th\n *a*g, ou(/tws h( *g*d pro\s th\n *d*e. *tw=n a)/ra i)sogwni/wn trigw/nwn a)na/logo/n ei)sin ai( pleurai\ ai( peri\ ta\s i)/sas gwni/as kai\ o(mo/logoi ai( u(po\ ta\s i)/sas gwni/as u(potei/nousai: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *)ea\n du/o tri/gwna ta\s pleura\s a)na/logon e)/xh|, i)sogw/- nia e)/stai ta\ tri/gwna kai\ i)/sas e(/cei ta\s gwni/as, u(f' a(\s ai( o(mo/logoi pleurai\ u(potei/- nousin. *)/estw du/o tri/gwna ta\ *a*b*g, *d*e*z ta\s pleura\s a)na/logon e)/xonta, w(s me\n th\n *a*b pro\s th\n *b*g, ou(/tws th\n *d*e pro\s th\n *e*z, w(s de\ th\n *b*g pro\s th\n *g*a, ou(/tws th\n *e*z pro\s th\n *z*d, kai\ e)/ti w(s th\n *b*a pro\s th\n *a*g, ou(/tws th\n *e*d pro\s th\n *d*z. le/gw, o(/ti i)sogw/nio/n e)sti to\ *a*b*g tri/gwnon tw=| *d*e*z trigw/nw| kai\ i)/sas e(/cousi ta\s gwni/as, u(f' a(\s ai( o(mo/logoi pleurai\ u(po- tei/nousin, th\n me\n u(po\ *a*b*g th=| u(po\ *d*e*z, th\n de\ u(po\ *b*g*a th=| u(po\ *e*z*d kai\ e)/ti th\n u(po\ *b*a*g th=| u(po\ *e*d*z. *sunesta/tw ga\r pro\s th=| *e*z eu)qei/a| kai\ toi=s pro\s au)th=| shmei/ois toi=s *e, *z th=| me\n u(po\ *a*b*g gwni/a| i)/sh h( u(po\ *z*e*h, th=| de\ u(po\ *a*g*b i)/sh h( u(po\ *e*z*h: loiph\ a)/ra h( pro\s tw=| *a loiph=| th=| pro\s tw=| *h e)stin i)/sh. i)sogw/nion a)/ra e)sti\ to\ *a*b*g tri/gwnon tw=| *e*h*z [trigw/nw|]. tw=n a)/ra *a*b*g, *e*h*z trigw/nwn a)na/logo/n ei)sin ai( pleurai\ ai( peri\ ta\s i)/sas gwni/as kai\ o(mo/logoi ai( u(po\ ta\s i)/sas gwni/as u(potei/nousai: e)/stin a)/ra w(s h( *a*b pro\s th\n *b*g, [ou(/tws] h( *h*e pro\s th\n *e*z. a)ll' w(s h( *a*b pro\s th\n *b*g, ou(/tws u(po/keitai h( *d*e pro\s th\n *e*z: w(s a)/ra h( *d*e pro\s th\n *e*z, ou(/tws h( *h*e pro\s th\n *e*z. e(kate/ra a)/ra tw=n *d*e, *h*e pro\s th\n *e*z to\n au)to\n e)/xei lo/gon: i)/sh a)/ra e)sti\n h( *d*e th=| *h*e. dia\ ta\ au)ta\ dh\ kai\ h( *d*z th=| *h*z e)stin i)/sh. e)pei\ ou)=n i)/sh e)sti\n h( *d*e th=| *e*h, koinh\ de\ h( *e*z, du/o dh\ ai( *d*e, *e*z dusi\ tai=s *h*e, *e*z i)/sai ei)si/n: kai\ ba/sis h( *d*z ba/sei th=| *z*h [e)stin] i)/sh: gwni/a a)/ra h( u(po\ *d*e*z gwni/a| th=| u(po\ *h*e*z e)stin i)/sh, kai\ to\ *d*e*z tri/gwnon tw=| *h*e*z trigw/nw| i)/son, kai\ ai( loipai\ gwni/ai tai=s loipai=s gwni/ais i)/sai, u(f' a(\s ai( i)/sai pleurai\ u(potei/nousin. i)/sh a)/ra e)sti\ kai\ h( me\n u(po\ *d*z*e gwni/a th=| u(po\ *h*z*e, h( de\ u(po\ *e*d*z th=| u(po\ *e*h*z. kai\ e)pei\ h( me\n u(po\ *z*e*d th=| u(po\ *h*e*z e)stin i)/sh, a)ll' h( u(po\ *h*e*z th=| u(po\ *a*b*g, kai\ h( u(po\ *a*b*g a)/ra gwni/a th=| u(po\ *d*e*z e)stin i)/sh. dia\ ta\ au)ta\ dh\ kai\ h( u(po\ *a*g*b th=| u(po\ *d*z*e e)stin i)/sh, kai\ e)/ti h( pro\s tw=| *a th=| pro\s tw=| *d: i)so- gw/nion a)/ra e)sti\ to\ *a*b*g tri/gwnon tw=| *d*e*z trigw/nw|. *)ea\n a)/ra du/o tri/gwna ta\s pleura\s a)na/logon e)/xh|, i)sogw/nia e)/stai ta\ tri/gwna kai\ i)/sas e(/cei ta\s gwni/as, u(f' a(\s ai( o(mo/logoi pleurai\ u(potei/nousin: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *)ea\n du/o tri/gwna mi/an gwni/an mia=| gwni/a| i)/shn e)/xh|, peri\ de\ ta\s i)/sas gwni/as ta\s pleura\s a)na/logon, i)sogw/nia e)/stai ta\ tri/gwna kai\ i)/sas e(/cei ta\s gw- ni/as, u(f' a(\s ai( o(mo/logoi pleurai\ u(potei/nousin. *)/estw du/o tri/gwna ta\ *a*b*g, *d*e*z mi/an gwni/an th\n u(po\ *b*a*g mia=| gwni/a| th=| u(po\ *e*d*z i)/shn e)/xonta, peri\ de\ ta\s i)/sas gwni/as ta\s pleura\s a)na/logon, w(s th\n *b*a pro\s th\n *a*g, ou(/tws th\n *e*d pro\s th\n *d*z: le/gw, o(/ti i)sogw/- nio/n e)sti to\ *a*b*g tri/gwnon tw=| *d*e*z trigw/nw| kai\ i)/shn e(/cei th\n u(po\ *a*b*g gwni/an th=| u(po\ *d*e*z, th\n de\ u(po\ *a*g*b th=| u(po\ *d*z*e. *sunesta/tw ga\r pro\s th=| *d*z eu)qei/a| kai\ toi=s pro\s au)th=| shmei/ois toi=s *d, *z o(pote/ra| me\n tw=n u(po\ *b*a*g, *e*d*z i)/sh h( u(po\ *z*d*h, th=| de\ u(po\ *a*g*b i)/sh h( u(po\ *d*z*h: loiph\ a)/ra h( pro\s tw=| *b gwni/a loiph=| th=| pro\s tw=| *h i)/sh e)sti/n. *)isogw/nion a)/ra e)sti\ to\ *a*b*g tri/gwnon tw=| *d*h*z trigw/nw|. a)na/logon a)/ra e)sti\n w(s h( *b*a pro\s th\n *a*g, ou(/tws h( *h*d pro\s th\n *d*z. u(po/keitai de\ kai\ w(s h( *b*a pro\s th\n *a*g, ou(/tws h( *e*d pro\s th\n *d*z: kai\ w(s a)/ra h( *e*d pro\s th\n *d*z, ou(/tws h( *h*d pro\s th\n *d*z. i)/sh a)/ra h( *e*d th=| *d*h: kai\ koinh\ h( *d*z: du/o dh\ ai( *e*d, *d*z dusi\ tai=s *h*d, *d*z i)/sai ei)si/n: kai\ gwni/a h( u(po\ *e*d*z gwni/a| th=| u(po\ *h*d*z [e)stin] i)/sh: ba/sis a)/ra h( *e*z ba/sei th=| *h*z e)stin i)/sh, kai\ to\ *d*e*z tri/gwnon tw=| *h*d*z trigw/nw| i)/son e)sti/n, kai\ ai( loipai\ gwni/ai tai=s loipai=s gwni/ais i)/sai e)/sontai, u(f' a(\s ai( i)/sai pleurai\ u(potei/nousin. i)/sh a)/ra e)sti\n h( me\n u(po\ *d*z*h th=| u(po\ *d*z*e, h( de\ u(po\ *d*h*z th=| u(po\ *d*e*z. a)ll' h( u(po\ *d*z*h th=| u(po\ *a*g*b e)stin i)/sh: kai\ h( u(po\ *a*g*b a)/ra th=| u(po\ *d*z*e e)stin i)/sh. u(po/keitai de\ kai\ h( u(po\ *b*a*g th=| u(po\ *e*d*z i)/sh: kai\ loiph\ a)/ra h( pro\s tw=| *b loiph=| th=| pro\s tw=| *e i)/sh e)sti/n: i)sogw/nion a)/ra e)sti\ to\ *a*b*g tri/gwnon tw=| *d*e*z trigw/nw|. *)ea\n a)/ra du/o tri/gwna mi/an gwni/an mia=| gwni/a| i)/shn e)/xh|, peri\ de\ ta\s i)/sas gwni/as ta\s pleura\s a)na/logon, i)sogw/nia e)/stai ta\ tri/gwna kai\ i)/sas e(/cei ta\s gwni/as, u(f' a(\s ai( o(mo/logoi pleurai\ u(potei/nousin: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *)ea\n du/o tri/gwna mi/an gwni/an mia=| gwni/a| i)/shn e)/xh|, peri\ de\ a)/llas gwni/as ta\s pleura\s a)na/logon, tw=n de\ loipw=n e(kate/ran a(/ma h)/toi e)la/ssona h)\ mh\ e)la/ssona o)rqh=s, i)sogw/nia e)/stai ta\ tri/gwna kai\ i)/sas e(/cei ta\s gwni/as, peri\ a(\s a)na/logo/n ei)sin ai( pleurai/. *)/estw du/o tri/gwna ta\ *a*b*g, *d*e*z mi/an gwni/an mia=| gwni/a| i)/shn e)/xonta th\n u(po\ *b*a*g th=| u(po\ *e*d*z, peri\ de\ a)/llas gwni/as ta\s u(po\ *a*b*g, *d*e*z ta\s pleura\s a)na/logon, w(s th\n *a*b pro\s th\n *b*g, ou(/tws th\n *d*e pro\s th\n *e*z, tw=n de\ loipw=n tw=n pro\s toi=s *g, *z pro/teron e(kate/ran a(/ma e)la/ssona o)rqh=s: le/gw, o(/ti i)so- gw/nio/n e)sti to\ *a*b*g tri/gwnon tw=| *d*e*z trigw/nw|, kai\ i)/sh e)/stai h( u(po\ *a*b*g gwni/a th=| u(po\ *d*e*z, kai\ loiph\ dhlono/ti h( pro\s tw=| *g loiph=| th=| pro\s tw=| *z i)/sh. *ei) ga\r a)/niso/s e)stin h( u(po\ *a*b*g gwni/a th=| u(po\ *d*e*z, mi/a au)tw=n mei/zwn e)sti/n. e)/stw mei/zwn h( u(po\ *a*b*g. kai\ sunesta/tw pro\s th=| *a*b eu)qei/a| kai\ tw=| pro\s au)th=| shmei/w| tw=| *b th=| u(po\ *d*e*z gwni/a| i)/sh h( u(po\ *a*b*h. *kai\ e)pei\ i)/sh e)sti\n h( me\n *a gwni/a th=| *d, h( de\ u(po\ *a*b*h th=| u(po\ *d*e*z, loiph\ a)/ra h( u(po\ *a*h*b loiph=| th=| u(po\ *d*z*e e)stin i)/sh. i)sogw/nion a)/ra e)sti\ to\ *a*b*h tri/gwnon tw=| *d*e*z trigw/nw|. e)/stin a)/ra w(s h( *a*b pro\s th\n *b*h, ou(/tws h( *d*e pro\s th\n *e*z. w(s de\ h( *d*e pro\s th\n *e*z, [ou(/tws] u(po/keitai h( *a*b pro\s th\n *b*g: h( *a*b a)/ra pro\s e(kate/ran tw=n *b*g, *b*h to\n au)to\n e)/xei lo/gon: i)/sh a)/ra h( *b*g th=| *b*h. w(/ste kai\ gwni/a h( pro\s tw=| *g gwni/a| th=| u(po\ *b*h*g e)stin i)/sh. e)la/ttwn de\ o)rqh=s u(po/keitai h( pro\s tw=| *g: e)la/ttwn a)/ra e)sti\n o)rqh=s kai\ h( u(po\ *b*h*g: w(/ste h( e)fech=s au)th=| gwni/a h( u(po\ *a*h*b mei/zwn e)sti\n o)rqh=s. kai\ e)dei/xqh i)/sh ou)=sa th=| pro\s tw=| *z: kai\ h( pro\s tw=| *z a)/ra mei/zwn e)sti\n o)rqh=s. u(po/keitai de\ e)la/sswn o)rqh=s: o(/per e)sti\n a)/topon. ou)k a)/ra a)/niso/s e)stin h( u(po\ *a*b*g gwni/a th=| u(po\ *d*e*z: i)/sh a)/ra. e)/sti de\ kai\ h( pro\s tw=| *a i)/sh th=| pro\s tw=| *d: kai\ loiph\ a)/ra h( pro\s tw=| *g loiph=| th=| pro\s tw=| *z i)/sh e)sti/n. i)sogw/nion a)/ra e)sti\ to\ *a*b*g tri/gwnon tw=| *d*e*z trigw/nw|. *)alla\ dh\ pa/lin u(pokei/sqw e(kate/ra tw=n pro\s toi=s *g, *z mh\ e)la/sswn o)rqh=s: le/gw pa/lin, o(/ti kai\ ou(/tws e)sti\n i)sogw/nion to\ *a*b*g tri/gwnon tw=| *d*e*z trigw/nw|. *tw=n ga\r au)tw=n kataskeuasqe/ntwn o(moi/ws dei/comen, o(/ti i)/sh e)sti\n h( *b*g th=| *b*h: w(/ste kai\ gwni/a h( pro\s tw=| *g th=| u(po\ *b*h*g i)/sh e)sti/n. ou)k e)la/ttwn de\ o)rqh=s h( pro\s tw=| *g: ou)k e)la/ttwn a)/ra o)rqh=s ou)de\ h( u(po\ *b*h*g. trigw/nou dh\ tou= *b*h*g ai( du/o gwni/ai du/o o)rqw=n ou)/k ei)sin e)la/ttones: o(/per e)sti\n a)du/na- ton. ou)k a)/ra pa/lin a)/niso/s e)stin h( u(po\ *a*b*g gwni/a th=| u(po\ *d*e*z: i)/sh a)/ra. e)/sti de\ kai\ h( pro\s tw=| *a th=| pro\s tw=| *d i)/sh: loiph\ a)/ra h( pro\s tw=| *g loiph=| th=| pro\s tw=| *z i)/sh e)sti/n. i)so- gw/nion a)/ra e)sti\ to\ *a*b*g tri/gwnon tw=| *d*e*z trigw/nw|. *)ea\n a)/ra du/o tri/gwna mi/an gwni/an mia=| gwni/a| i)/shn e)/xh|, peri\ de\ a)/llas gwni/as ta\s pleura\s a)na/logon, tw=n de\ loipw=n e(kate/ran a(/ma e)la/ttona h)\ mh\ e)la/ttona o)rqh=s, i)sogw/nia e)/stai ta\ tri/gwna kai\ i)/sas e(/cei ta\s gwni/as, peri\ a(\s a)na/logo/n ei)sin ai( pleurai/: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *)ea\n e)n o)rqogwni/w| trigw/nw| a)po\ th=s o)rqh=s gwni/as e)pi\ th\n ba/sin ka/qetos a)xqh=|, ta\ pro\s th=| kaqe/tw| tri/gwna o(/moia/ e)sti tw=| te o(/lw| kai\ a)llh/lois. *)/estw tri/gwnon o)rqogw/nion to\ *a*b*g o)rqh\n e)/xon th\n u(po\ *b*a*g gwni/an, kai\ h)/xqw a)po\ tou= *a e)pi\ th\n *b*g ka/qetos h( *a*d: le/gw, o(/ti o(/moio/n e)stin e(ka/teron tw=n *a*b*d, *a*d*g trigw/nwn o(/lw| tw=| *a*b*g kai\ e)/ti a)llh/lois. *)epei\ ga\r i)/sh e)sti\n h( u(po\ *b*a*g th=| u(po\ *a*d*b: o)rqh\ ga\r e(kate/ra: kai\ koinh\ tw=n du/o trigw/nwn tou= te *a*b*g kai\ tou= *a*b*d h( pro\s tw=| *b, loiph\ a)/ra h( u(po\ *a*g*b loiph=| th=| u(po\ *b*a*d e)stin i)/sh: i)sogw/nion a)/ra e)sti\ to\ *a*b*g tri/gwnon tw=| *a*b*d trigw/nw|. e)/stin a)/ra w(s h( *b*g u(po- tei/nousa th\n o)rqh\n tou= *a*b*g trigw/nou pro\s th\n *b*a u(potei/nousan th\n o)rqh\n tou= *a*b*d trigw/nou, ou(/tws au)th\ h( *a*b u(potei/nousa th\n pro\s tw=| *g gwni/an tou= *a*b*g trigw/- nou pro\s th\n *b*d u(potei/nousan th\n i)/shn th\n u(po\ *b*a*d tou= *a*b*d trigw/nou, kai\ e)/ti h( *a*g pro\s th\n *a*d u(potei/- nousan th\n pro\s tw=| *b gwni/an koinh\n tw=n du/o trigw/nwn. to\ *a*b*g a)/ra tri/gwnon tw=| *a*b*d trigw/nw| i)sogw/nio/n te/ e)sti kai\ ta\s peri\ ta\s i)/sas gwni/as pleura\s a)na/logon e)/xei. o(/moion a)/ra [e)sti\] to\ *a*b*g tri/gwnon tw=| *a*b*d trigw/nw|. o(moi/ws dh\ dei/comen, o(/ti kai\ tw=| *a*d*g trigw/nw| o(/moio/n e)sti to\ *a*b*g tri/gwnon: e(ka/teron a)/ra tw=n *a*b*d, *a*d*g [trigw/nwn] o(/moio/n e)stin o(/lw| tw=| *a*b*g. *le/gw dh/, o(/ti kai\ a)llh/lois e)sti\n o(/moia ta\ *a*b*d, *a*d*g tri/gwna. *)epei\ ga\r o)rqh\ h( u(po\ *b*d*a o)rqh=| th=| u(po\ *a*d*g e)stin i)/sh, a)lla\ mh\n kai\ h( u(po\ *b*a*d th=| pro\s tw=| *g e)dei/xqh i)/sh, kai\ loiph\ a)/ra h( pro\s tw=| *b loiph=| th=| u(po\ *d*a*g e)stin i)/sh: i)sogw/nion a)/ra e)sti\ to\ *a*b*d tri/gwnon tw=| *a*d*g trigw/nw|. e)/stin a)/ra w(s h( *b*d tou= *a*b*d trigw/nou u(po- tei/nousa th\n u(po\ *b*a*d pro\s th\n *d*a tou= *a*d*g trigw/nou u(potei/nousan th\n pro\s tw=| *g i)/shn th=| u(po\ *b*a*d, ou(/tws au)th\ h( *a*d tou= *a*b*d trigw/nou u(potei/nousa th\n pro\s tw=| *b gwni/an pro\s th\n *d*g u(potei/nousan th\n u(po\ *d*a*g tou= *a*d*g trigw/nou i)/shn th=| pro\s tw=| *b, kai\ e)/ti h( *b*a pro\s th\n *a*g u(potei/nousai ta\s o)rqa/s: o(/moion a)/ra e)sti\ to\ *a*b*d tri/gwnon tw=| *a*d*g trigw/nw|. *)ea\n a)/ra e)n o)rqogwni/w| trigw/nw| a)po\ th=s o)rqh=s gwni/as e)pi\ th\n ba/sin ka/qetos a)xqh=|, ta\ pro\s th=| kaqe/tw| tri/gwna o(/moia/ e)sti tw=| te o(/lw| kai\ a)llh/lois [o(/per e)/dei dei=cai]. *po/risma *)ek dh\ tou/tou fanero/n, o(/ti e)a\n e)n o)rqogwni/w| trigw/nw| a)po\ th=s o)rqh=s e)pi\ th\n ba/sin ka/qetos a)xqh=|, h( a)xqei=sa tw=n th=s ba/sews tmhma/twn me/sh a)na/logo/n e)stin: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai [kai\ e)/ti th=s ba/sews kai\ e(no\s o(poiouou=n tw=n tmhma/twn h( pro\s tw=| tmh/mati pleura\ me/sh a)na/logo/n e)stin]. *th=s doqei/shs eu)qei/as to\ prostaxqe\n me/ros a)felei=n. *)/estw h( doqei=sa eu)qei=a h( *a*b: dei= dh\ th=s *a*b to\ prostaxqe\n me/ros a)felei=n. *)epiteta/xqw dh\ to\ tri/ton. [kai\] dih/xqw tis a)po\ tou= *a eu)qei=a h( *a*g gwni/an perie/xousa meta\ th=s *a*b tuxou=- san: kai\ ei)lh/fqw tuxo\n shmei=on e)pi\ th=s *a*g to\ *d, kai\ kei/sqwsan th=| *a*d i)/sai ai( *d*e, *e*g. kai\ e)pezeu/xqw h( *b*g, kai\ dia\ tou= *d para/llhlos au)th=| h)/xqw h( *d*z. *)epei\ ou)=n trigw/nou tou= *a*b*g para\ mi/an tw=n pleurw=n th\n *b*g h)=ktai h( *z*d, a)na/logon a)/ra e)sti\n w(s h( *g*d pro\s th\n *d*a, ou(/tws h( *b*z pro\s th\n *z*a. diplh= de\ h( *g*d th=s *d*a: diplh= a)/ra kai\ h( *b*z th=s *z*a: triplh= a)/ra h( *b*a th=s *a*z. *th=s a)/ra doqei/shs eu)qei/as th=s *a*b to\ e)pitaxqe\n tri/ton me/ros a)fh/|rhtai to\ *a*z: o(/per e)/dei poih=sai. *th\n doqei=san eu)qei=an a)/tmhton th=| doqei/sh| tetmhme/nh| o(moi/ws temei=n. *)/estw h( me\n doqei=sa eu)qei=a a)/tmhtos h( *a*b, h( de\ tetmhme/nh h( *a*g kata\ ta\ *d, *e shmei=a, kai\ kei/sqwsan w(/ste gwni/an tuxou=san perie/xein, kai\ e)pezeu/xqw h( *g*b, kai\ dia\ tw=n *d, *e th=| *b*g para/llhloi h)/xqwsan ai( *d*z, *e*h, dia\ de\ tou= *d th=| *a*b para/llhlos h)/xqw h( *d*q*k. *parallhlo/grammon a)/ra e)sti\n e(ka/teron tw=n *z*q, *q*b: i)/sh a)/ra h( me\n *d*q th=| *z*h, h( de\ *q*k th=| *h*b. kai\ e)pei\ trigw/nou tou= *d*k*g para\ mi/an tw=n pleurw=n th\n *k*g eu)qei=a h)=ktai h( *q*e, a)na/logon a)/ra e)sti\n w(s h( *g*e pro\s th\n *e*d, ou(/tws h( *k*q pro\s th\n *q*d. i)/sh de\ h( me\n *k*q th=| *b*h, h( de\ *q*d th=| *h*z. e)/stin a)/ra w(s h( *g*e pro\s th\n *e*d, ou(/tws h( *b*h pro\s th\n *h*z. pa/lin, e)pei\ trigw/nou tou= *a*h*e para\ mi/an tw=n pleurw=n th\n *h*e h)=ktai h( *z*d, a)na/- logon a)/ra e)sti\n w(s h( *e*d pro\s th\n *d*a, ou(/tws h( *h*z pro\s th\n *z*a. e)dei/xqh de\ kai\ w(s h( *g*e pro\s th\n *e*d, ou(/tws h( *b*h pro\s th\n *h*z: e)/stin a)/ra w(s me\n h( *g*e pro\s th\n *e*d, ou(/tws h( *b*h pro\s th\n *h*z, w(s de\ h( *e*d pro\s th\n *d*a, ou(/tws h( *h*z pro\s th\n *z*a. *(h a)/ra doqei=sa eu)qei=a a)/tmhtos h( *a*b th=| doqei/sh| eu)qei/a| tetmhme/nh| th=| *a*g o(moi/ws te/tmhtai: o(/per e)/dei poih=sai. *du/o doqeisw=n eu)qeiw=n tri/thn a)na/logon proseurei=n. *)/estwsan ai( doqei=sai [du/o eu)qei=ai] ai( *b*a, *a*g kai\ kei/sqwsan gwni/an perie/xousai tuxou=san. dei= dh\ tw=n *b*a, *a*g tri/thn a)na/logon proseurei=n. e)k- beblh/sqwsan ga\r e)pi\ ta\ *d, *e shmei=a, kai\ kei/sqw th=| *a*g i)/sh h( *b*d, kai\ e)pezeu/- xqw h( *b*g, kai\ dia\ tou= *d para/llhlos au)th=| h)/xqw h( *d*e. *)epei\ ou)=n trigw/nou tou= *a*d*e para\ mi/an tw=n pleurw=n th\n *d*e h)=ktai h( *b*g, a)na/lo- go/n e)stin w(s h( *a*b pro\s th\n *b*d, ou(/tws h( *a*g pro\s th\n *g*e. i)/sh de\ h( *b*d th=| *a*g. e)/stin a)/ra w(s h( *a*b pro\s th\n *a*g, ou(/tws h( *a*g pro\s th\n *g*e. *du/o a)/ra doqeisw=n eu)qeiw=n tw=n *a*b, *a*g tri/th a)na/- logon au)tai=s proseu/rhtai h( *g*e: o(/per e)/dei poih=sai. *triw=n doqeisw=n eu)qeiw=n teta/rthn a)na/logon proseurei=n. *)/estwsan ai( doqei=sai trei=s eu)qei=ai ai( *a, *b, *g: dei= dh\ tw=n *a, *b, *g teta/rthn a)na/logon proseurei=n. *)ekkei/sqwsan du/o eu)qei=ai ai( *d*e, *d*z gwni/an peri- e/xousai [tuxou=san] th\n u(po\ *e*d*z: kai\ kei/sqw th=| me\n *a i)/sh h( *d*h, th=| de\ *b i)/sh h( *h*e, kai\ e)/ti th=| *g i)/sh h( *d*q: kai\ e)pizeuxqei/shs th=s *h*q para/llhlos au)th=| h)/xqw dia\ tou= *e h( *e*z. *)epei\ ou)=n trigw/nou tou= *d*e*z para\ mi/an th\n *e*z h)=ktai h( *h*q, e)/stin a)/ra w(s h( *d*h pro\s th\n *h*e, ou(/tws h( *d*q pro\s th\n *q*z. i)/sh de\ h( me\n *d*h th=| *a, h( de\ *h*e th=| *b, h( de\ *d*q th=| *g: e)/stin a)/ra w(s h( *a pro\s th\n *b, ou(/tws h( *g pro\s th\n *q*z. *triw=n a)/ra doqeisw=n eu)qeiw=n tw=n *a, *b, *g teta/rth a)na/logon proseu/rhtai h( *q*z: o(/per e)/dei poih=sai. *du/o doqeisw=n eu)qeiw=n me/shn a)na/logon proseurei=n. *)/estwsan ai( doqei=sai du/o eu)qei=ai ai( *a*b, *b*g: dei= dh\ tw=n *a*b, *b*g me/shn a)na/logon proseurei=n. *kei/sqwsan e)p' eu)qei/as, kai\ gegra/fqw e)pi\ th=s *a*g h(miku/klion to\ *a*d*g, kai\ h)/xqw a)po\ tou= *b shmei/ou th=| *a*g eu)qei/a| pro\s o)rqa\s h( *b*d, kai\ e)pezeu/xqwsan ai( *a*d, *d*g. *)epei\ e)n h(mikukli/w| gwni/a e)sti\n h( u(po\ *a*d*g, o)rqh/ e)stin. kai\ e)pei\ e)n o)rqogwni/w| trigw/nw| tw=| *a*d*g a)po\ th=s o)rqh=s gwni/as e)pi\ th\n ba/sin ka/qetos h)=ktai h( *d*b, h( *d*b a)/ra tw=n th=s ba/sews tmhma/twn tw=n *a*b, *b*g me/sh a)na/logo/n e)stin. *du/o a)/ra doqeisw=n eu)qeiw=n tw=n *a*b, *b*g me/sh a)na/logon proseu/rhtai h( *d*b: o(/per e)/dei poih=sai. *tw=n i)/swn te kai\ i)sogwni/wn parallhlogra/mmwn a)ntipepo/nqasin ai( pleurai\ ai( peri\ ta\s i)/sas gwni/as: kai\ w(=n i)sogwni/wn parallhlogra/mmwn a)ntipepo/nqasin ai( pleurai\ ai( peri\ ta\s i)/sas gwni/as, i)/sa e)sti\n e)kei=na. *)/estw i)/sa te kai\ i)sogw/nia parallhlo/gramma ta\ *a*b, *b*g i)/sas e)/xonta ta\s pro\s tw=| *b gwni/as, kai\ kei/sqwsan e)p' eu)qei/as ai( *d*b, *b*e: e)p' eu)qei/as a)/ra ei)si\ kai\ ai( *z*b, *b*h. le/gw, o(/ti tw=n *a*b, *b*g a)ntipepo/nqasin ai( pleurai\ ai( peri\ ta\s i)/sas gwni/as, toute/stin, o(/ti e)sti\n w(s h( *d*b pro\s th\n *b*e, ou(/tws h( *h*b pro\s th\n *b*z. *sumpeplhrw/sqw ga\r to\ *z*e parallhlo/grammon. e)pei\ ou)=n i)/son e)sti\ to\ *a*b parallhlo/grammon tw=| *b*g parallhlogra/mmw|, a)/llo de/ ti to\ *z*e, e)/stin a)/ra w(s to\ *a*b pro\s to\ *z*e, ou(/tws to\ *b*g pro\s to\ *z*e. a)ll' w(s me\n to\ *a*b pro\s to\ *z*e, ou(/tws h( *d*b pro\s th\n *b*e, w(s de\ to\ *b*g pro\s to\ *z*e, ou(/tws h( *h*b pro\s th\n *b*z: kai\ w(s a)/ra h( *d*b pro\s th\n *b*e, ou(/tws h( *h*b pro\s th\n *b*z. tw=n a)/ra *a*b, *b*g parallhlogra/mmwn a)ntipepo/nqa- sin ai( pleurai\ ai( peri\ ta\s i)/sas gwni/as. *)alla\ dh\ e)/stw w(s h( *d*b pro\s th\n *b*e, ou(/tws h( *h*b pro\s th\n *b*z: le/gw, o(/ti i)/son e)sti\ to\ *a*b parallhlo/- grammon tw=| *b*g parallhlogra/mmw|. *)epei\ ga/r e)stin w(s h( *d*b pro\s th\n *b*e, ou(/tws h( *h*b pro\s th\n *b*z, a)ll' w(s me\n h( *d*b pro\s th\n *b*e, ou(/tws to\ *a*b parallhlo/grammon pro\s to\ *z*e parallhlo/grammon, w(s de\ h( *h*b pro\s th\n *b*z, ou(/tws to\ *b*g parallhlo/- grammon pro\s to\ *z*e parallhlo/grammon, kai\ w(s a)/ra to\ *a*b pro\s to\ *z*e, ou(/tws to\ *b*g pro\s to\ *z*e: i)/son a)/ra e)sti\ to\ *a*b parallhlo/grammon tw=| *b*g parallhlogra/mmw|. *tw=n a)/ra i)/swn te kai\ i)sogwni/wn parallhlogra/mmwn a)ntipepo/nqasin ai( pleurai\ ai( peri\ ta\s i)/sas gwni/as: kai\ w(=n i)sogwni/wn parallhlogra/mmwn a)ntipepo/nqasin ai( pleurai\ ai( peri\ ta\s i)/sas gwni/as, i)/sa e)sti\n e)kei=na: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *tw=n i)/swn kai\ mi/an mia=| i)/shn e)xo/ntwn gwni/an trigw/nwn a)ntipepo/nqasin ai( pleurai\ ai( peri\ ta\s i)/sas gwni/as: kai\ w(=n mi/an mia=| i)/shn e)xo/ntwn gwni/an trigw/nwn a)ntipepo/n- qasin ai( pleurai\ ai( peri\ ta\s i)/sas gwni/as, i)/sa e)sti\n e)kei=na. *)/estw i)/sa tri/gwna ta\ *a*b*g, *a*d*e mi/an mia=| i)/shn e)/xonta gwni/an th\n u(po\ *b*a*g th=| u(po\ *d*a*e: le/gw, o(/ti tw=n *a*b*g, *a*d*e trigw/nwn a)ntipepo/nqasin ai( pleurai\ ai( peri\ ta\s i)/sas gwni/as, toute/stin, o(/ti e)sti\n w(s h( *g*a pro\s th\n *a*d, ou(/tws h( *e*a pro\s th\n *a*b. *kei/sqw ga\r w(/ste e)p' eu)qei/as ei)=nai th\n *g*a th=| *a*d: e)p' eu)qei/as a)/ra e)sti\ kai\ h( *e*a th=| *a*b. kai\ e)pezeu/xqw h( *b*d. *)epei\ ou)=n i)/son e)sti\ to\ *a*b*g tri/gwnon tw=| *a*d*e trigw/nw|, a)/llo de/ ti to\ *b*a*d, e)/stin a)/ra w(s to\ *g*a*b tri/gwnon pro\s to\ *b*a*d tri/gwnon, ou(/tws to\ *e*a*d tri/gwnon pro\s to\ *b*a*d tri/gwnon. a)ll' w(s me\n to\ *g*a*b pro\s to\ *b*a*d, ou(/tws h( *g*a pro\s th\n *a*d, w(s de\ to\ *e*a*d pro\s to\ *b*a*d, ou(/tws h( *e*a pro\s th\n *a*b. kai\ w(s a)/ra h( *g*a pro\s th\n *a*d, ou(/tws h( *e*a pro\s th\n *a*b. tw=n *a*b*g, *a*d*e a)/ra trigw/nwn a)ntipepo/nqasin ai( pleurai\ ai( peri\ ta\s i)/sas gwni/as. *)alla\ dh\ a)ntipeponqe/twsan ai( pleurai\ tw=n *a*b*g, *a*d*e trigw/nwn, kai\ e)/stw w(s h( *g*a pro\s th\n *a*d, ou(/tws h( *e*a pro\s th\n *a*b: le/gw, o(/ti i)/son e)sti\ to\ *a*b*g tri/gwnon tw=| *a*d*e trigw/nw|. *)epizeuxqei/shs ga\r pa/lin th=s *b*d, e)pei/ e)stin w(s h( *g*a pro\s th\n *a*d, ou(/tws h( *e*a pro\s th\n *a*b, a)ll' w(s me\n h( *g*a pro\s th\n *a*d, ou(/tws to\ *a*b*g tri/gwnon pro\s to\ *b*a*d tri/gwnon, w(s de\ h( *e*a pro\s th\n *a*b, ou(/tws to\ *e*a*d tri/gwnon pro\s to\ *b*a*d tri/gwnon, w(s a)/ra to\ *a*b*g tri/gwnon pro\s to\ *b*a*d tri/gwnon, ou(/tws to\ *e*a*d tri/gwnon pro\s to\ *b*a*d tri/gwnon. e(ka/teron a)/ra tw=n *a*b*g, *e*a*d pro\s to\ *b*a*d to\n au)to\n e)/xei lo/gon. i)/son a)/ra e)sti\ to\ *a*b*g [tri/gwnon] tw=| *e*a*d trigw/nw|. *tw=n a)/ra i)/swn kai\ mi/an mia=| i)/shn e)xo/ntwn gwni/an trigw/nwn a)ntipepo/nqasin ai( pleurai\ ai( peri\ ta\s i)/sas gwni/as: kai\ w(=n mi/an mia=| i)/shn e)xo/ntwn gwni/an trigw/nwn a)ntipepo/nqasin ai( pleurai\ ai( peri\ ta\s i)/sas gwni/as, e)kei=na i)/sa e)sti/n: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *)ea\n te/ssares eu)qei=ai a)na/logon w)=sin, to\ u(po\ tw=n a)/krwn periexo/menon o)rqogw/nion i)/son e)sti\ tw=| u(po\ tw=n me/swn periexome/nw| o)rqogwni/w|: ka)\n to\ u(po\ tw=n a)/krwn periexo/menon o)rqogw/nion i)/son h)=| tw=| u(po\ tw=n me/swn periexome/nw| o)rqogwni/w|, ai( te/ssares eu)qei=ai a)na/logon e)/sontai. *)/estwsan te/ssares eu)qei=ai a)na/logon ai( *a*b, *g*d, *e, *z, w(s h( *a*b pro\s th\n *g*d, ou(/tws h( *e pro\s th\n *z: le/gw, o(/ti to\ u(po\ tw=n *a*b, *z periexo/menon o)rqogw/nion i)/son e)sti\ tw=| u(po\ tw=n *g*d, *e periexome/nw| o)rqogwni/w|. *)/hxqwsan [ga\r] a)po\ tw=n *a, *g shmei/wn tai=s *a*b, *g*d eu)qei/ais pro\s o)rqa\s ai( *a*h, *g*q, kai\ kei/sqw th=| me\n *z i)/sh h( *a*g, th=| de\ *e i)/sh h( *g*q. kai\ sumpeplhrw/sqw ta\ *b*h, *d*q parallhlo/gramma. *kai\ e)pei/ e)stin w(s h( *a*b pro\s th\n *g*d, ou(/tws h( *e pro\s th\n *z, i)/sh de\ h( me\n *e th=| *g*q, h( de\ *z th=| *a*h, e)/stin a)/ra w(s h( *a*b pro\s th\n *g*d, ou(/tws h( *g*q pro\s th\n *a*h. tw=n *b*h, *d*q a)/ra parallhlogra/mmwn a)ntipepo/nqasin ai( pleurai\ ai( peri\ ta\s i)/sas gwni/as. w(=n de\ i)sogwni/wn parallhlogra/mmwn a)ntipepo/nqasin ai( pleurai\ ai( peri\ ta\s i)/sas gwni/as, i)/sa e)sti\n e)kei=na: i)/son a)/ra e)sti\ to\ *b*h parallhlo/grammon tw=| *d*q parallhlogra/mmw|. kai/ e)sti to\ me\n *b*h to\ u(po\ tw=n *a*b, *z: i)/sh ga\r h( *a*h th=| *z: to\ de\ *d*q to\ u(po\ tw=n *g*d, *e: i)/sh ga\r h( *e th=| *g*q: to\ a)/ra u(po\ tw=n *a*b, *z periexo/menon o)rqogw/nion i)/son e)sti\ tw=| u(po\ tw=n *g*d, *e periexome/nw| o)rqogwni/w|. *)alla\ dh\ to\ u(po\ tw=n *a*b, *z periexo/menon o)rqogw/nion i)/son e)/stw tw=| u(po\ tw=n *g*d, *e periexome/nw| o)rqogwni/w|: le/gw, o(/ti ai( te/ssares eu)qei=ai a)na/logon e)/sontai, w(s h( *a*b pro\s th\n *g*d, ou(/tws h( *e pro\s th\n *z. *tw=n ga\r au)tw=n kataskeuasqe/ntwn, e)pei\ to\ u(po\ tw=n *a*b, *z i)/son e)sti\ tw=| u(po\ tw=n *g*d, *e, kai/ e)sti to\ me\n u(po\ tw=n *a*b, *z to\ *b*h: i)/sh ga/r e)stin h( *a*h th=| *z: to\ de\ u(po\ tw=n *g*d, *e to\ *d*q: i)/sh ga\r h( *g*q th=| *e: to\ a)/ra *b*h i)/son e)sti\ tw=| *d*q. kai/ e)stin i)sogw/nia. tw=n de\ i)/swn kai\ i)sogw- ni/wn parallhlogra/mmwn a)ntipepo/nqasin ai( pleurai\ ai( peri\ ta\s i)/sas gwni/as. e)/stin a)/ra w(s h( *a*b pro\s th\n *g*d, ou(/tws h( *g*q pro\s th\n *a*h. i)/sh de\ h( me\n *g*q th=| *e, h( de\ *a*h th=| *z: e)/stin a)/ra w(s h( *a*b pro\s th\n *g*d, ou(/tws h( *e pro\s th\n *z. *)ea\n a)/ra te/ssares eu)qei=ai a)na/logon w)=sin, to\ u(po\ tw=n a)/krwn periexo/menon o)rqogw/nion i)/son e)sti\ tw=| u(po\ tw=n me/swn periexome/nw| o)rqogwni/w|: ka)\n to\ u(po\ tw=n a)/krwn periexo/menon o)rqogw/nion i)/son h)=| tw=| u(po\ tw=n me/swn periexome/nw| o)rqogwni/w|, ai( te/ssares eu)qei=ai a)na/logon e)/sontai: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *)ea\n trei=s eu)qei=ai a)na/logon w)=sin, to\ u(po\ tw=n a)/krwn periexo/menon o)rqogw/nion i)/son e)sti\ tw=| a)po\ th=s me/shs tetragw/nw|: ka)\n to\ u(po\ tw=n a)/krwn periexo/menon o)rqo- gw/nion i)/son h)=| tw=| a)po\ th=s me/shs tetragw/nw|, ai( trei=s eu)qei=ai a)na/logon e)/sontai. *)/estwsan trei=s eu)qei=ai a)na/logon ai( *a, *b, *g, w(s h( *a pro\s th\n *b, ou(/tws h( *b pro\s th\n *g: le/gw, o(/ti to\ u(po\ tw=n *a, *g periexo/menon o)rqogw/- nion i)/son e)sti\ tw=| a)po\ th=s *b tetragw/nw|. *kei/sqw th=| *b i)/sh h( *d. *kai\ e)pei/ e)stin w(s h( *a pro\s th\n *b, ou(/tws h( *b pro\s th\n *g, i)/sh de\ h( *b th=| *d, e)/stin a)/ra w(s h( *a pro\s th\n *b, h( *d pro\s th\n *g. e)a\n de\ te/ssares eu)qei=ai a)na/logon w)=sin, to\ u(po\ tw=n a)/krwn periexo/menon [o)rqogw/nion] i)/son e)sti\ tw=| u(po\ tw=n me/swn periexome/nw| o)rqogwni/w|. to\ a)/ra u(po\ tw=n *a, *g i)/son e)sti\ tw=| u(po\ tw=n *b, *d. a)lla\ to\ u(po\ tw=n *b, *d to\ a)po\ th=s *b e)stin: i)/sh ga\r h( *b th=| *d: to\ a)/ra u(po\ tw=n *a, *g periexo/menon o)rqogw/nion i)/son e)sti\ tw=| a)po\ th=s *b tetra- gw/nw|. *)alla\ dh\ to\ u(po\ tw=n *a, *g i)/son e)/stw tw=| a)po\ th=s *b: le/gw, o(/ti e)sti\n w(s h( *a pro\s th\n *b, ou(/tws h( *b pro\s th\n *g. *tw=n ga\r au)tw=n kataskeuasqe/ntwn, e)pei\ to\ u(po\ tw=n *a, *g i)/son e)sti\ tw=| a)po\ th=s *b, a)lla\ to\ a)po\ th=s *b to\ u(po\ tw=n *b, *d e)stin: i)/sh ga\r h( *b th=| *d: to\ a)/ra u(po\ tw=n *a, *g i)/son e)sti\ tw=| u(po\ tw=n *b, *d. e)a\n de\ to\ u(po\ tw=n a)/krwn i)/son h)=| tw=| u(po\ tw=n me/swn, ai( te/ssares eu)qei=ai a)na/logo/n ei)sin. e)/stin a)/ra w(s h( *a pro\s th\n *b, ou(/tws h( *d pro\s th\n *g. i)/sh de\ h( *b th=| *d: w(s a)/ra h( *a pro\s th\n *b, ou(/tws h( *b pro\s th\n *g. *)ea\n a)/ra trei=s eu)qei=ai a)na/logon w)=sin, to\ u(po\ tw=n a)/krwn periexo/menon o)rqogw/nion i)/son e)sti\ tw=| a)po\ th=s me/shs tetragw/nw|: ka)\n to\ u(po\ tw=n a)/krwn periexo/menon o)rqogw/- nion i)/son h)=| tw=| a)po\ th=s me/shs tetragw/nw|, ai( trei=s eu)qei=ai a)na/logon e)/sontai: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *)apo\ th=s doqei/shs eu)qei/as tw=| doqe/nti eu)qugra/mmw| o(/moio/n te kai\ o(moi/ws kei/menon eu)qu/grammon a)nagra/yai. *)/estw h( me\n doqei=sa eu)qei=a h( *a*b, to\ de\ doqe\n eu)qu/- grammon to\ *g*e: dei= dh\ a)po\ th=s *a*b eu)qei/as tw=| *g*e eu)qugra/mmw| o(/moio/n te kai\ o(moi/ws kei/menon eu)qu/grammon a)nagra/yai. *)epezeu/xqw h( *d*z, kai\ sun- esta/tw pro\s th=| *a*b eu)qei/a| kai\ toi=s pro\s au)th=| shmei/ois toi=s *a, *b th=| me\n pro\s tw=| *g gwni/a| i)/sh h( u(po\ *h*a*b, th=| de\ u(po\ *g*d*z i)/sh h( u(po\ *a*b*h. loiph\ a)/ra h( u(po\ *g*z*d th=| u(po\ *a*h*b e)stin i)/sh: i)sogw/nion a)/ra e)sti\ to\ *z*g*d tri/gwnon tw=| *h*a*b trigw/nw|. a)na/logon a)/ra e)sti\n w(s h( *z*d pro\s th\n *h*b, ou(/tws h( *z*g pro\s th\n *h*a, kai\ h( *g*d pro\s th\n *a*b. pa/lin sun- esta/tw pro\s th=| *b*h eu)qei/a| kai\ toi=s pro\s au)th=| shmei/ois toi=s *b, *h th=| me\n u(po\ *d*z*e gwni/a| i)/sh h( u(po\ *b*h*q, th=| de\ u(po\ *z*d*e i)/sh h( u(po\ *h*b*q. loiph\ a)/ra h( pro\s tw=| *e loiph=| th=| pro\s tw=| *q e)stin i)/sh: i)sogw/nion a)/ra e)sti\ to\ *z*d*e tri/gwnon tw=| *h*q*b trigw/nw|: a)na/logon a)/ra e)sti\n w(s h( *z*d pro\s th\n *h*b, ou(/tws h( *z*e pro\s th\n *h*q kai\ h( *e*d pro\s th\n *q*b. e)dei/xqh de\ kai\ w(s h( *z*d pro\s th\n *h*b, ou(/tws h( *z*g pro\s th\n *h*a kai\ h( *g*d pro\s th\n *a*b: kai\ w(s a)/ra h( *z*g pro\s th\n *a*h, ou(/tws h(/ te *g*d pro\s th\n *a*b kai\ h( *z*e pro\s th\n *h*q kai\ e)/ti h( *e*d pro\s th\n *q*b. kai\ e)pei\ i)/sh e)sti\n h( me\n u(po\ *g*z*d gwni/a th=| u(po\ *a*h*b, h( de\ u(po\ *d*z*e th=| u(po\ *b*h*q, o(/lh a)/ra h( u(po\ *g*z*e o(/lh| th=| u(po\ *a*h*q e)stin i)/sh. dia\ ta\ au)ta\ dh\ kai\ h( u(po\ *g*d*e th=| u(po\ *a*b*q e)stin i)/sh. e)/sti de\ kai\ h( me\n pro\s tw=| *g th=| pro\s tw=| *a i)/sh, h( de\ pro\s tw=| *e th=| pro\s tw=| *q. i)sogw/nion a)/ra e)sti\ to\ *a*q tw=| *g*e: kai\ ta\s peri\ ta\s i)/sas gwni/as au)tw=n pleura\s a)na/logon e)/xei: o(/moion a)/ra e)sti\ to\ *a*q eu)qu/grammon tw=| *g*e eu)qugra/mmw|. *)apo\ th=s doqei/shs a)/ra eu)qei/as th=s *a*b tw=| doqe/nti eu)qugra/mmw| tw=| *g*e o(/moio/n te kai\ o(moi/ws kei/menon eu)qu/grammon a)nage/graptai to\ *a*q: o(/per e)/dei poih=sai. *ta\ o(/moia tri/gwna pro\s a)/llhla e)n diplasi/oni lo/gw| e)sti\ tw=n o(molo/gwn pleurw=n. *)/estw o(/moia tri/gwna ta\ *a*b*g, *d*e*z i)/shn e)/xonta th\n pro\s tw=| *b gwni/an th=| pro\s tw=| *e, w(s de\ th\n *a*b pro\s th\n *b*g, ou(/tws th\n *d*e pro\s th\n *e*z, w(/ste o(mo/logon ei)=nai th\n *b*g th=| *e*z: le/gw, o(/ti to\ *a*b*g tri/gwnon pro\s to\ *d*e*z tri/gwnon diplasi/ona lo/gon e)/xei h)/per h( *b*g pro\s th\n *e*z. *ei)lh/fqw ga\r tw=n *b*g, *e*z tri/th a)na/logon h( *b*h, w(/ste ei)=nai w(s th\n *b*g pro\s th\n *e*z, ou(/tws th\n *e*z pro\s th\n *b*h: kai\ e)pezeu/xqw h( *a*h. *)epei\ ou)=n e)stin w(s h( *a*b pro\s th\n *b*g, ou(/tws h( *d*e pro\s th\n *e*z, e)nalla\c a)/ra e)sti\n w(s h( *a*b pro\s th\n *d*e, ou(/tws h( *b*g pro\s th\n *e*z. a)ll' w(s h( *b*g pro\s *e*z, ou(/tws e)sti\n h( *e*z pro\s *b*h. kai\ w(s a)/ra h( *a*b pro\s *d*e, ou(/tws h( *e*z pro\s *b*h: tw=n *a*b*h, *d*e*z a)/ra trigw/nwn a)ntipepo/nqasin ai( pleurai\ ai( peri\ ta\s i)/sas gwni/as. w(=n de\ mi/an mia=| i)/shn e)xo/ntwn gwni/an trigw/nwn a)ntipepo/nqasin ai( pleurai\ ai( peri\ ta\s i)/sas gwni/as, i)/sa e)sti\n e)kei=na. i)/son a)/ra e)sti\ to\ *a*b*h tri/gwnon tw=| *d*e*z trigw/nw|. kai\ e)pei/ e)stin w(s h( *b*g pro\s th\n *e*z, ou(/tws h( *e*z pro\s th\n *b*h, e)a\n de\ trei=s eu)qei=ai a)na/logon w)=sin, h( prw/th pro\s th\n tri/thn diplasi/ona lo/gon e)/xei h)/per pro\s th\n deute/ran, h( *b*g a)/ra pro\s th\n *b*h diplasi/ona lo/gon e)/xei h)/per h( *g*b pro\s th\n *e*z. w(s de\ h( *g*b pro\s th\n *b*h, ou(/tws to\ *a*b*g tri/gwnon pro\s to\ *a*b*h tri/gwnon: kai\ to\ *a*b*g a)/ra tri/gwnon pro\s to\ *a*b*h diplasi/ona lo/gon e)/xei h)/per h( *b*g pro\s th\n *e*z. i)/son de\ to\ *a*b*h tri/gwnon tw=| *d*e*z trigw/nw|: kai\ to\ *a*b*g a)/ra tri/gwnon pro\s to\ *d*e*z tri/gwnon diplasi/ona lo/gon e)/xei h)/per h( *b*g pro\s th\n *e*z. *ta\ a)/ra o(/moia tri/gwna pro\s a)/llhla e)n diplasi/oni lo/gw| e)sti\ tw=n o(molo/gwn pleurw=n: [o(/per e)/dei dei=cai]. *po/risma *)ek dh\ tou/tou fanero/n, o(/ti, e)a\n trei=s eu)qei=ai a)na/logon w)=sin, e)/stin w(s h( prw/th pro\s th\n tri/thn, ou(/tws to\ a)po\ th=s prw/ths ei)=dos pro\s to\ a)po\ th=s deute/ras to\ o(/moion kai\ o(moi/ws a)nagrafo/menon [e)pei/per e)dei/xqh, w(s h( *g*b pro\s *b*h, ou(/tws to\ *a*b*g tri/gwnon pro\s to\ *a*b*h tri/gwnon, toute/sti to\ *d*e*z]: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *ta\ o(/moia polu/gwna ei)/s te o(/moia tri/gwna diairei=tai kai\ ei)s i)/sa to\ plh=qos kai\ o(mo/loga toi=s o(/lois, kai\ to\ polu/gwnon pro\s to\ polu/gwnon diplasi/ona lo/gon e)/xei h)/per h( o(mo/logos pleura\ pro\s th\n o(mo/logon pleura/n. *)/estw o(/moia polu/gwna ta\ *a*b*g*d*e, *z*h*q*k*l, o(mo/logos de\ e)/stw h( *a*b th=| *z*h: le/gw, o(/ti ta\ *a*b*g*d*e, *z*h*q*k*l polu/gwna ei)/s te o(/moia tri/gwna diairei=tai kai\ ei)s i)/sa to\ plh=qos kai\ o(mo/loga toi=s o(/lois, kai\ to\ *a*b*g*d*e polu/gwnon pro\s to\ *z*h*q*k*l polu/gwnon diplasi/ona lo/gon e)/xei h)/per h( *a*b pro\s th\n *z*h. *)epezeu/xqwsan ai( *b*e, *e*g, *h*l, *l*q. *kai\ e)pei\ o(/moio/n e)sti to\ *a*b*g*d*e polu/gwnon tw=| *z*h*q*k*l polugw/nw|, i)/sh e)sti\n h( u(po\ *b*a*e gwni/a th=| u(po\ *h*z*l. kai/ e)stin w(s h( *b*a pro\s *a*e, ou(/tws h( *h*z pro\s *z*l. e)pei\ ou)=n du/o tri/gwna/ e)sti ta\ *a*b*e, *z*h*l mi/an gwni/an mia=| gwni/a| i)/shn e)/xonta, peri\ de\ ta\s i)/sas gwni/as ta\s pleura\s a)na/logon, i)sogw/nion a)/ra e)sti\ to\ *a*b*e tri/gwnon tw=| *z*h*l trigw/nw|: w(/ste kai\ o(/moion: i)/sh a)/ra e)sti\n h( u(po\ *a*b*e gwni/a th=| u(po\ *z*h*l. e)/sti de\ kai\ o(/lh h( u(po\ *a*b*g o(/lh| th=| u(po\ *z*h*q i)/sh dia\ th\n o(moio/thta tw=n polugw/nwn: loiph\ a)/ra h( u(po\ *e*b*g gwni/a th=| u(po\ *l*h*q e)stin i)/sh. kai\ e)pei\ dia\ th\n o(moio/thta tw=n *a*b*e, *z*h*l trigw/nwn e)sti\n w(s h( *e*b pro\s *b*a, ou(/tws h( *l*h pro\s *h*z, a)lla\ mh\n kai\ dia\ th\n o(moio/thta tw=n polugw/nwn e)sti\n w(s h( *a*b pro\s *b*g, ou(/tws h( *z*h pro\s *h*q, di' i)/sou a)/ra e)sti\n w(s h( *e*b pro\s *b*g, ou(/tws h( *l*h pro\s *h*q, kai\ peri\ ta\s i)/sas gwni/as ta\s u(po\ *e*b*g, *l*h*q ai( pleurai\ a)na/logo/n ei)sin: i)sogw/nion a)/ra e)sti\ to\ *e*b*g tri/gwnon tw=| *l*h*q trigw/nw|: w(/ste kai\ o(/moio/n e)sti to\ *e*b*g tri/gwnon tw=| *l*h*q trigw/nw|. dia\ ta\ au)ta\ dh\ kai\ to\ *e*g*d tri/gwnon o(/moio/n e)sti tw=| *l*q*k trigw/nw|. ta\ a)/ra o(/moia polu/gwna ta\ *a*b*g*d*e, *z*h*q*k*l ei)/s te o(/moia tri/gwna dih/|rhtai kai\ ei)s i)/sa to\ plh=qos. *le/gw, o(/ti kai\ o(mo/loga toi=s o(/lois, toute/stin w(/ste a)na/logon ei)=nai ta\ tri/gwna, kai\ h(gou/mena me\n ei)=nai ta\ *a*b*e, *e*b*g, *e*g*d, e(po/mena de\ au)tw=n ta\ *z*h*l, *l*h*q, *l*q*k, kai\ o(/ti to\ *a*b*g*d*e polu/gwnon pro\s to\ *z*h*q*k*l polu/gwnon diplasi/ona lo/gon e)/xei h)/per h( o(mo/logos pleura\ pro\s th\n o(mo/logon pleura/n, toute/stin h( *a*b pro\s th\n *z*h. *)epezeu/xqwsan ga\r ai( *a*g, *z*q. kai\ e)pei\ dia\ th\n o(moio/thta tw=n polugw/nwn i)/sh e)sti\n h( u(po\ *a*b*g gwni/a th=| u(po\ *z*h*q, kai/ e)stin w(s h( *a*b pro\s *b*g, ou(/tws h( *z*h pro\s *h*q, i)sogw/nio/n e)sti to\ *a*b*g tri/gwnon tw=| *z*h*q trigw/nw|: i)/sh a)/ra e)sti\n h( me\n u(po\ *b*a*g gwni/a th=| u(po\ *h*z*q, h( de\ u(po\ *b*g*a th=| u(po\ *h*q*z. kai\ e)pei\ i)/sh e)sti\n h( u(po\ *b*a*m gwni/a th=| u(po\ *h*z*n, e)/sti de\ kai\ h( u(po\ *a*b*m th=| u(po\ *z*h*n i)/sh, kai\ loiph\ a)/ra h( u(po\ *a*m*b loiph=| th=| u(po\ *z*n*h i)/sh e)sti/n: i)sogw/nion a)/ra e)sti\ to\ *a*b*m tri/gwnon tw=| *z*h*n trigw/nw|. o(moi/ws dh\ dei/comen, o(/ti kai\ to\ *b*m*g tri/gwnon i)sogw/nio/n e)sti tw=| *h*n*q trigw/nw|. a)na/logon a)/ra e)sti/n, w(s me\n h( *a*m pro\s *m*b, ou(/tws h( *z*n pro\s *n*h, w(s de\ h( *b*m pro\s *m*g, ou(/tws h( *h*n pro\s *n*q: w(/ste kai\ di' i)/sou, w(s h( *a*m pro\s *m*g, ou(/tws h( *z*n pro\s *n*q. a)ll' w(s h( *a*m pro\s *m*g, ou(/tws to\ *a*b*m [tri/gwnon] pro\s to\ *m*b*g, kai\ to\ *a*m*e pro\s to\ *e*m*g: pro\s a)/llhla ga/r ei)sin w(s ai( ba/seis. kai\ w(s a)/ra e(\n tw=n h(goume/nwn pro\s e(\n tw=n e(pome/nwn, ou(/tws a(/panta ta\ h(gou/mena pro\s a(/panta ta\ e(po/mena: w(s a)/ra to\ *a*m*b tri/gwnon pro\s to\ *b*m*g, ou(/tws to\ *a*b*e pro\s to\ *g*b*e. a)ll' w(s to\ *a*m*b pro\s to\ *b*m*g, ou(/tws h( *a*m pro\s *m*g: kai\ w(s a)/ra h( *a*m pro\s *m*g, ou(/tws to\ *a*b*e tri/gwnon pro\s to\ *e*b*g tri/gwnon. dia\ ta\ au)ta\ dh\ kai\ w(s h( *z*n pro\s *n*q, ou(/tws to\ *z*h*l tri/gwnon pro\s to\ *h*l*q tri/gwnon. kai/ e)stin w(s h( *a*m pro\s *m*g, ou(/tws h( *z*n pro\s *n*q: kai\ w(s a)/ra to\ *a*b*e tri/gwnon pro\s to\ *b*e*g tri/gwnon, ou(/tws to\ *z*h*l tri/gwnon pro\s to\ *h*l*q tri/gwnon, kai\ e)nalla\c, w(s to\ *a*b*e tri/gwnon pro\s to\ *z*h*l tri/gwnon, ou(/tws to\ *b*e*g tri/gwnon pro\s to\ *h*l*q tri/gwnon. o(moi/ws dh\ dei/comen e)pizeuxqeisw=n tw=n *b*d, *h*k, o(/ti kai\ w(s to\ *b*e*g tri/gwnon pro\s to\ *l*h*q tri/gwnon, ou(/tws to\ *e*g*d tri/gwnon pro\s to\ *l*q*k tri/gwnon. kai\ e)pei/ e)stin w(s to\ *a*b*e tri/gwnon pro\s to\ *z*h*l tri/gwnon, ou(/tws to\ *e*b*g pro\s to\ *l*h*q, kai\ e)/ti to\ *e*g*d pro\s to\ *l*q*k, kai\ w(s a)/ra e(\n tw=n h(goume/nwn pro\s e(\n tw=n e(pome/nwn, ou(/tws a(/panta ta\ h(gou/mena pro\s a(/panta ta\ e(po/mena: e)/stin a)/ra w(s to\ *a*b*e tri/gwnon pro\s to\ *z*h*l tri/gwnon, ou(/tws to\ *a*b*g*d*e polu/gwnon pro\s to\ *z*h*q*k*l polu/gwnon. a)lla\ to\ *a*b*e tri/gwnon pro\s to\ *z*h*l tri/gwnon diplasi/ona lo/gon e)/xei h)/per h( *a*b o(mo/logos pleura\ pro\s th\n *z*h o(mo/logon pleura/n: ta\ ga\r o(/moia tri/gwna e)n diplasi/oni lo/gw| e)sti\ tw=n o(molo/gwn pleurw=n. kai\ to\ *a*b*g*d*e a)/ra polu/gwnon pro\s to\ *z*h*q*k*l polu/gwnon diplasi/ona lo/gon e)/xei h)/per h( *a*b o(mo/logos pleura\ pro\s th\n *z*h o(mo/logon pleura/n. *ta\ a)/ra o(/moia polu/gwna ei)/s te o(/moia tri/gwna diairei=tai kai\ ei)s i)/sa to\ plh=qos kai\ o(mo/loga toi=s o(/lois, kai\ to\ polu/gwnon pro\s to\ polu/gwnon diplasi/ona lo/gon e)/xei h)/per h( o(mo/logos pleura\ pro\s th\n o(mo/logon pleura/n: [o(/per e)/dei dei=cai]. *po/risma *(wsau/tws de\ kai\ e)pi\ tw=n [o(moi/wn] tetrapleu/rwn deixqh/setai, o(/ti e)n diplasi/oni lo/gw| ei)si\ tw=n o(molo/gwn pleurw=n. e)dei/xqh de\ kai\ e)pi\ tw=n trigw/nwn: w(/ste kai\ kaq- o/lou ta\ o(/moia eu)qu/gramma sxh/mata pro\s a)/llhla e)n dipla- si/oni lo/gw| ei)si\ tw=n o(molo/gwn pleurw=n. o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. [*po/risma b# *kai\ e)a\n tw=n *a*b, *z*h tri/thn a)na/logon la/bwmen th\n *c, h( *b*a pro\s th\n *c diplasi/ona lo/gon e)/xei h)/per h( *a*b pro\s th\n *z*h. e)/xei de\ kai\ to\ polu/gwnon pro\s to\ polu/- gwnon h)\ to\ tetra/pleuron pro\s to\ tetra/pleuron dipla- si/ona lo/gon h)/per h( o(mo/logos pleura\ pro\s th\n o(mo/logon pleura/n, toute/stin h( *a*b pro\s th\n *z*h: e)dei/xqh de\ tou=to kai\ e)pi\ tw=n trigw/nwn: w(/ste kai\ kaqo/lou fanero/n, o(/ti, e)a\n trei=s eu)qei=ai a)na/logon w)=sin, e)/stai w(s h( prw/th pro\s th\n tri/thn, ou(/tws to\ a)po\ th=s prw/ths ei)=dos pro\s to\ a)po\ th=s deute/ras to\ o(/moion kai\ o(moi/ws a)nagrafo/menon.] *ta\ tw=| au)tw=| eu)qugra/mmw| o(/moia kai\ a)llh/lois e)sti\n o(/moia. *)/estw ga\r e(ka/teron tw=n *a, *b eu)qugra/mmwn tw=| *g o(/moion: le/gw, o(/ti kai\ to\ *a tw=| *b e)stin o(/moion. *)epei\ ga\r o(/moio/n e)sti to\ *a tw=| *g, i)sogw/nio/n te/ e)stin au)tw=| kai\ ta\s peri\ ta\s i)/sas gwni/as pleura\s a)na/logon e)/xei. pa/lin, e)pei\ o(/moio/n e)sti to\ *b tw=| *g, i)sogw/nio/n te/ e)stin au)tw=| kai\ ta\s peri\ ta\s i)/sas gwni/as pleura\s a)na/logon e)/xei. e(ka/teron a)/ra tw=n *a, *b tw=| *g i)sogw/nio/n te/ e)sti kai\ ta\s peri\ ta\s i)/sas gwni/as pleura\s a)na/logon e)/xei [w(/ste kai\ to\ *a tw=| *b i)sogw/nio/n te/ e)sti kai\ ta\s peri\ ta\s i)/sas gwni/as pleura\s a)na/logon e)/xei]. o(/moion a)/ra e)sti\ to\ *a tw=| *b: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *)ea\n te/ssares eu)qei=ai a)na/logon w)=sin, kai\ ta\ a)p' au)tw=n eu)qu/gramma o(/moia/ te kai\ o(moi/ws a)nagegramme/na a)na/logon e)/stai: ka)\n ta\ a)p' au)tw=n eu)qu/gramma o(/moia/ te kai\ o(moi/ws a)nagegramme/na a)na/logon h)=|, kai\ au)tai\ ai( eu)qei=ai a)na/logon e)/sontai. *)/estwsan te/ssares eu)qei=ai a)na/logon ai( *a*b, *g*d, *e*z, *h*q, w(s h( *a*b pro\s th\n *g*d, ou(/tws h( *e*z pro\s th\n *h*q, kai\ a)nagegra/fqwsan a)po\ me\n tw=n *a*b, *g*d o(/moia/ te kai\ o(moi/ws kei/mena eu)qu/gramma ta\ *k*a*b, *l*g*d, a)po\ de\ tw=n *e*z, *h*q o(/moia/ te kai\ o(moi/ws kei/- mena eu)qu/gramma ta\ *m*z, *n*q: le/gw, o(/ti e)sti\n w(s to\ *k*a*b pro\s to\ *l*g*d, ou(/tws to\ *m*z pro\s to\ *n*q. *ei)lh/fqw ga\r tw=n me\n *a*b, *g*d tri/th a)na/logon h( *c, tw=n de\ *e*z, *h*q tri/th a)na/logon h( *o. kai\ e)pei/ e)stin w(s me\n h( *a*b pro\s th\n *g*d, ou(/tws h( *e*z pro\s th\n *h*q, w(s de\ h( *g*d pro\s th\n *c, ou(/tws h( *h*q pro\s th\n *o, di' i)/sou a)/ra e)sti\n w(s h( *a*b pro\s th\n *c, ou(/tws h( *e*z pro\s th\n *o. a)ll' w(s me\n h( *a*b pro\s th\n *c, ou(/tws [kai\] to\ *k*a*b pro\s to\ *l*g*d, w(s de\ h( *e*z pro\s th\n *o, ou(/tws to\ *m*z pro\s to\ *n*q: kai\ w(s a)/ra to\ *k*a*b pro\s to\ *l*g*d, ou(/tws to\ *m*z pro\s to\ *n*q. *)alla\ dh\ e)/stw w(s to\ *k*a*b pro\s to\ *l*g*d, ou(/tws to\ *m*z pro\s to\ *n*q: le/gw, o(/ti e)sti\ kai\ w(s h( *a*b pro\s th\n *g*d, ou(/tws h( *e*z pro\s th\n *h*q. ei) ga\r mh/ e)stin, w(s h( *a*b pro\s th\n *g*d, ou(/tws h( *e*z pro\s th\n *h*q, e)/stw w(s h( *a*b pro\s th\n *g*d, ou(/tws h( *e*z pro\s th\n *p*r, kai\ a)nagegra/fqw a)po\ th=s *p*r o(pote/rw| tw=n *m*z, *n*q o(/moio/n te kai\ o(moi/ws kei/menon eu)qu/grammon to\ *s*r. *)epei\ ou)=n e)stin w(s h( *a*b pro\s th\n *g*d, ou(/tws h( *e*z pro\s th\n *p*r, kai\ a)nage/graptai a)po\ me\n tw=n *a*b, *g*d o(/moia/ te kai\ o(moi/ws kei/mena ta\ *k*a*b, *l*g*d, a)po\ de\ tw=n *e*z, *p*r o(/moia/ te kai\ o(moi/ws kei/mena ta\ *m*z, *s*r, e)/stin a)/ra w(s to\ *k*a*b pro\s to\ *l*g*d, ou(/tws to\ *m*z pro\s to\ *s*r. u(po/keitai de\ kai\ w(s to\ *k*a*b pro\s to\ *l*g*d, ou(/tws to\ *m*z pro\s to\ *n*q: kai\ w(s a)/ra to\ *m*z pro\s to\ *s*r, ou(/tws to\ *m*z pro\s to\ *n*q. to\ *m*z a)/ra pro\s e(ka/teron tw=n *n*q, *s*r to\n au)to\n e)/xei lo/gon: i)/son a)/ra e)sti\ to\ *n*q tw=| *s*r. e)/sti de\ au)tw=| kai\ o(/moion kai\ o(moi/ws kei/menon: i)/sh a)/ra h( *h*q th=| *p*r. kai\ e)pei/ e)stin w(s h( *a*b pro\s th\n *g*d, ou(/tws h( *e*z pro\s th\n *p*r, i)/sh de\ h( *p*r th=| *h*q, e)/stin a)/ra w(s h( *a*b pro\s th\n *g*d, ou(/tws h( *e*z pro\s th\n *h*q. *)ea\n a)/ra te/ssares eu)qei=ai a)na/logon w)=sin, kai\ ta\ a)p' au)tw=n eu)qu/gramma o(/moia/ te kai\ o(moi/ws a)nagegramme/na a)na/logon e)/stai: ka)\n ta\ a)p' au)tw=n eu)qu/gramma o(/moia/ te kai\ o(moi/ws a)nagegramme/na a)na/logon h)=|, kai\ au)tai\ ai( eu)qei=ai a)na/logon e)/sontai: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. [*lh=mma] [*(/oti de/, e)a\n eu)qu/gramma i)/sa h)=| kai\ o(/moia, ai( o(mo/logoi au)tw=n pleurai\ i)/sai a)llh/lais ei)si/n, dei/comen ou(/tws. *)/estw i)/sa kai\ o(/moia eu)qu/gramma ta\ *n*q, *s*r, kai\ e)/stw w(s h( *q*h pro\s th\n *h*n, ou(/tws h( *r*p pro\s th\n *p*s: le/gw, o(/ti i)/sh e)sti\n h( *r*p th=| *q*h. *ei) ga\r a)/nisoi/ ei)sin, mi/a au)tw=n mei/zwn e)sti/n. e)/stw mei/zwn h( *r*p th=s *q*h. kai\ e)pei/ e)stin w(s h( *r*p pro\s *p*s, ou(/tws h( *q*h pro\s th\n *h*n, kai\ e)nalla/c, w(s h( *r*p pro\s th\n *q*h, ou(/tws h( *p*s pro\s th\n *h*n, mei/zwn de\ h( *p*r th=s *q*h, mei/zwn a)/ra kai\ h( *p*s th=s *h*n: w(/ste kai\ to\ *r*s mei=zo/n e)sti tou= *q*n. a)lla\ kai\ i)/son: o(/per a)du/naton. ou)k a)/ra a)/niso/s e)stin h( *p*r th=| *h*q: i)/sh a)/ra: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai.] *ta\ i)sogw/nia parallhlo/gramma pro\s a)/llhla lo/gon e)/xei to\n sugkei/menon e)k tw=n pleurw=n. *)/estw i)sogw/nia parallhlo/- gramma ta\ *a*g, *g*z i)/shn e)/xonta th\n u(po\ *b*g*d gwni/an th=| u(po\ *e*g*h: le/gw, o(/ti to\ *a*g parallhlo/grammon pro\s to\ *g*z parallhlo/grammon lo/gon e)/xei to\n sugkei/menon e)k tw=n pleurw=n. *kei/sqw ga\r w(/ste e)p' eu)qei/as ei)=nai th\n *b*g th=| *g*h: e)p' eu)qei/as a)/ra e)sti\ kai\ h( *d*g th=| *g*e. kai\ sumpe- plhrw/sqw to\ *d*h parallhlo/grammon, kai\ e)kkei/sqw tis eu)qei=a h( *k, kai\ gegone/tw w(s me\n h( *b*g pro\s th\n *g*h, ou(/tws h( *k pro\s th\n *l, w(s de\ h( *d*g pro\s th\n *g*e, ou(/tws h( *l pro\s th\n *m. *oi( a)/ra lo/goi th=s te *k pro\s th\n *l kai\ th=s *l pro\s th\n *m oi( au)toi/ ei)si toi=s lo/gois tw=n pleurw=n, th=s te *b*g pro\s th\n *g*h kai\ th=s *d*g pro\s th\n *g*e. a)ll' o( th=s *k pro\s *m lo/gos su/gkeitai e)/k te tou= th=s *k pro\s *l lo/gou kai\ tou= th=s *l pro\s *m: w(/ste kai\ h( *k pro\s th\n *m lo/gon e)/xei to\n sugkei/menon e)k tw=n pleurw=n. kai\ e)pei/ e)stin w(s h( *b*g pro\s th\n *g*h, ou(/tws to\ *a*g parallhlo/grammon pro\s to\ *g*q, a)ll' w(s h( *b*g pro\s th\n *g*h, ou(/tws h( *k pro\s th\n *l, kai\ w(s a)/ra h( *k pro\s th\n *l, ou(/tws to\ *a*g pro\s to\ *g*q. pa/lin, e)pei/ e)stin w(s h( *d*g pro\s th\n *g*e, ou(/tws to\ *g*q parallhlo/grammon pro\s to\ *g*z, a)ll' w(s h( *d*g pro\s th\n *g*e, ou(/tws h( *l pro\s th\n *m, kai\ w(s a)/ra h( *l pro\s th\n *m, ou(/tws to\ *g*q parallhlo/grammon pro\s to\ *g*z parallh- lo/grammon. e)pei\ ou)=n e)dei/xqh, w(s me\n h( *k pro\s th\n *l, ou(/tws to\ *a*g parallhlo/grammon pro\s to\ *g*q paral- lhlo/grammon, w(s de\ h( *l pro\s th\n *m, ou(/tws to\ *g*q parallhlo/grammon pro\s to\ *g*z parallhlo/grammon, di' i)/sou a)/ra e)sti\n w(s h( *k pro\s th\n *m, ou(/tws to\ *a*g pro\s to\ *g*z parallhlo/grammon. h( de\ *k pro\s th\n *m lo/gon e)/xei to\n sugkei/menon e)k tw=n pleurw=n: kai\ to\ *a*g a)/ra pro\s to\ *g*z lo/gon e)/xei to\n sugkei/menon e)k tw=n pleurw=n. *ta\ a)/ra i)sogw/nia parallhlo/gramma pro\s a)/llhla lo/gon e)/xei to\n sugkei/menon e)k tw=n pleurw=n: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *panto\s parallhlogra/mmou ta\ peri\ th\n dia/metron parallhlo/gramma o(/moia/ e)sti tw=| te o(/lw| kai\ a)llh/lois. *)/estw parallhlo/grammon to\ *a*b*g*d, dia/metros de\ au)tou= h( *a*g, peri\ de\ th\n *a*g parallhlo/gramma e)/stw ta\ *e*h, *q*k: le/gw, o(/ti e(ka/teron tw=n *e*h, *q*k parallh- logra/mmwn o(/moio/n e)sti o(/lw| tw=| *a*b*g*d kai\ a)llh/lois. *)epei\ ga\r trigw/nou tou= *a*b*g para\ mi/an tw=n pleurw=n th\n *b*g h)=ktai h( *e*z, a)na/logo/n e)stin w(s h( *b*e pro\s th\n *e*a, ou(/tws, h( *g*z pro\s th\n *z*a. pa/lin, e)pei\ trigw/- nou tou= *a*g*d para\ mi/an th\n *g*d h)=ktai h( *z*h, a)na/logo/n e)stin w(s h( *g*z pro\s th\n *z*a, ou(/tws h( *d*h pro\s th\n *h*a. a)ll' w(s h( *g*z pro\s th\n *z*a, ou(/tws e)dei/xqh kai\ h( *b*e pro\s th\n *e*a: kai\ w(s a)/ra h( *b*e pro\s th\n *e*a, ou(/tws h( *d*h pro\s th\n *h*a, kai\ sunqe/nti a)/ra w(s h( *b*a pro\s *a*e, ou(/tws h( *d*a pro\s *a*h, kai\ e)nalla\c w(s h( *b*a pro\s th\n *a*d, ou(/tws h( *e*a pro\s th\n *a*h. tw=n a)/ra *a*b*g*d, *e*h paral- lhlogra/mmwn a)na/logo/n ei)sin ai( pleurai\ ai( peri\ th\n koinh\n gwni/an th\n u(po\ *b*a*d. kai\ e)pei\ para/llhlo/s e)stin h( *h*z th=| *d*g, i)/sh e)sti\n h( me\n u(po\ *a*z*h gwni/a th=| u(po\ *d*g*a: kai\ koinh\ tw=n du/o trigw/nwn tw=n *a*d*g, *a*h*z h( u(po\ *d*a*g gwni/a: i)sogw/nion a)/ra e)sti\ to\ *a*d*g tri/gwnon tw=| *a*h*z trigw/nw|. dia\ ta\ au)ta\ dh\ kai\ to\ *a*g*b tri/gwnon i)sogw/nio/n e)sti tw=| *a*z*e trigw/nw|, kai\ o(/lon to\ *a*b*g*d parallhlo/grammon tw=| *e*h parallhlogra/mmw| i)sogw/nio/n e)stin. a)na/logon a)/ra e)sti\n w(s h( *a*d pro\s th\n *d*g, ou(/tws h( *a*h pro\s th\n *h*z, w(s de\ h( *d*g pro\s th\n *g*a, ou(/tws h( *h*z pro\s th\n *z*a, w(s de\ h( *a*g pro\s th\n *g*b, ou(/tws h( *a*z pro\s th\n *z*e, kai\ e)/ti w(s h( *g*b pro\s th\n *b*a, ou(/tws h( *z*e pro\s th\n *e*a. kai\ e)pei\ e)dei/xqh w(s me\n h( *d*g pro\s th\n *g*a, ou(/tws h( *h*z pro\s th\n *z*a, w(s de\ h( *a*g pro\s th\n *g*b, ou(/tws h( *a*z pro\s th\n *z*e, di' i)/sou a)/ra e)sti\n w(s h( *d*g pro\s th\n *g*b, ou(/tws h( *h*z pro\s th\n *z*e. tw=n a)/ra *a*b*g*d, *e*h parallhlogra/mmwn a)na/logo/n ei)sin ai( pleurai\ ai( peri\ ta\s i)/sas gwni/as: o(/moion a)/ra e)sti\ to\ *a*b*g*d parallhlo/grammon tw=| *e*h parallhlogra/mmw|. dia\ ta\ au)ta\ dh\ to\ *a*b*g*d parallhlo/grammon kai\ tw=| *k*q parallhlogra/mmw| o(/moio/n e)stin: e(ka/teron a)/ra tw=n *e*h, *q*k parallhlogra/mmwn tw=| *a*b*g*d [parallhlogra/mmw|] o(/moio/n e)stin. ta\ de\ tw=| au)tw=| eu)qugra/mmw| o(/moia kai\ a)llh/lois e)sti\n o(/moia: kai\ to\ *e*h a)/ra parallhlo/grammon tw=| *q*k parallhlogra/mmw| o(/moio/n e)stin. *panto\s a)/ra parallhlogra/mmou ta\ peri\ th\n dia/metron parallhlo/gramma o(/moia/ e)sti tw=| te o(/lw| kai\ a)llh/lois: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *tw=| doqe/nti eu)qugra/mmw| o(/moion kai\ a)/llw| tw=| doqe/nti i)/son to\ au)to\ susth/sasqai. *)/estw to\ me\n doqe\n eu)qu/grammon, w(=| dei= o(/moion susth/- sasqai, to\ *a*b*g, w(=| de\ dei= i)/son, to\ *d: dei= dh\ tw=| me\n *a*b*g o(/moion, tw=| de\ *d i)/son to\ au)to\ susth/sasqai. *parabeblh/sqw ga\r para\ me\n th\n *b*g tw=| *a*b*g tri- gw/nw| i)/son parallhlo/grammon to\ *b*e, para\ de\ th\n *g*e tw=| *d i)/son parallhlo/grammon to\ *g*m e)n gwni/a| th=| u(po\ *z*g*e, h(/ e)stin i)/sh th=| u(po\ *g*b*l. e)p' eu)qei/as a)/ra e)sti\n h( me\n *b*g th=| *g*z, h( de\ *l*e th=| *e*m. kai\ ei)lh/fqw tw=n *b*g, *g*z me/sh a)na/logon h( *h*q, kai\ a)nagegra/fqw a)po\ th=s *h*q tw=| *a*b*g o(/moio/n te kai\ o(moi/ws kei/menon to\ *k*h*q. *kai\ e)pei/ e)stin w(s h( *b*g pro\s th\n *h*q, ou(/tws h( *h*q pro\s th\n *g*z, e)a\n de\ trei=s eu)qei=ai a)na/logon w)=sin, e)/stin w(s h( prw/th pro\s th\n tri/thn, ou(/tws to\ a)po\ th=s prw/ths ei)=dos pro\s to\ a)po\ th=s deute/ras to\ o(/moion kai\ o(moi/ws a)nagrafo/menon, e)/stin a)/ra w(s h( *b*g pro\s th\n *g*z, ou(/tws to\ *a*b*g tri/gwnon pro\s to\ *k*h*q tri/gwnon. a)lla\ kai\ w(s h( *b*g pro\s th\n *g*z, ou(/tws to\ *b*e parallhlo/grammon pro\s to\ *e*z parallhlo/grammon. kai\ w(s a)/ra to\ *a*b*g tri/gwnon pro\s to\ *k*h*q tri/gwnon, ou(/tws to\ *b*e paral- lhlo/grammon pro\s to\ *e*z parallhlo/grammon: e)nalla\c a)/ra w(s to\ *a*b*g tri/gwnon pro\s to\ *b*e parallhlo/- grammon, ou(/tws to\ *k*h*q tri/gwnon pro\s to\ *e*z paral- lhlo/grammon. i)/son de\ to\ *a*b*g tri/gwnon tw=| *b*e paral- lhlogra/mmw|: i)/son a)/ra kai\ to\ *k*h*q tri/gwnon tw=| *e*z parallhlogra/mmw|. a)lla\ to\ *e*z parallhlo/grammon tw=| *d e)stin i)/son: kai\ to\ *k*h*q a)/ra tw=| *d e)stin i)/son. e)/sti de\ to\ *k*h*q kai\ tw=| *a*b*g o(/moion. *tw=| a)/ra doqe/nti eu)qugra/mmw| tw=| *a*b*g o(/moion kai\ a)/llw| tw=| doqe/nti tw=| *d i)/son to\ au)to\ sune/statai to\ *k*h*q: o(/per e)/dei poih=sai. *)ea\n a)po\ parallhlogra/mmou parallhlo/grammon a)f- aireqh=| o(/moio/n te tw=| o(/lw| kai\ o(moi/ws kei/menon koinh\n gwni/an e)/xon au)tw=|, peri\ th\n au)th\n dia/metro/n e)sti tw=| o(/lw|. *)apo\ ga\r parallhlogra/m- mou tou= *a*b*g*d parallhlo/- grammon a)fh|rh/sqw to\ *a*z o(/moion tw=| *a*b*g*d kai\ o(moi/ws kei/menon koinh\n gwni/an e)/xon au)tw=| th\n u(po\ *d*a*b: le/gw, o(/ti peri\ th\n au)th\n dia/metro/n e)sti to\ *a*b*g*d tw=| *a*z. *mh\ ga/r, a)ll' ei) dunato/n, e)/stw [au)tw=n] dia/metros h( *a*q*g, kai\ e)kblhqei=sa h( *h*z dih/xqw e)pi\ to\ *q, kai\ h)/xqw dia\ tou= *q o(pote/ra| tw=n *a*d, *b*g para/llhlos h( *q*k. *)epei\ ou)=n peri\ th\n au)th\n dia/metro/n e)sti to\ *a*b*g*d tw=| *k*h, e)/stin a)/ra w(s h( *d*a pro\s th\n *a*b, ou(/tws h( *h*a pro\s th\n *a*k. e)/sti de\ kai\ dia\ th\n o(moio/thta tw=n *a*b*g*d, *e*h kai\ w(s h( *d*a pro\s th\n *a*b, ou(/tws h( *h*a pro\s th\n *a*e: kai\ w(s a)/ra h( *h*a pro\s th\n *a*k, ou(/tws h( *h*a pro\s th\n *a*e. h( *h*a a)/ra pro\s e(kate/ran tw=n *a*k, *a*e to\n au)to\n e)/xei lo/gon. i)/sh a)/ra e)sti\n h( *a*e th=| *a*k h( e)la/ttwn th=| mei/zoni: o(/per e)sti\n a)du/naton. ou)k a)/ra ou)/k e)sti peri\ th\n au)th\n dia/metron to\ *a*b*g*d tw=| *a*z: peri\ th\n au)th\n a)/ra e)sti\ dia/metron to\ *a*b*g*d parallhlo/grammon tw=| *a*z parallhlogra/mmw|. *)ea\n a)/ra a)po\ parallhlogra/mmou parallhlo/grammon a)faireqh=| o(/moio/n te tw=| o(/lw| kai\ o(moi/ws kei/menon koinh\n gwni/an e)/xon au)tw=|, peri\ th\n au)th\n dia/metro/n e)sti tw=| o(/lw|: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *pa/ntwn tw=n para\ th\n au)th\n eu)qei=an paraballome/nwn parallhlogra/mmwn kai\ e)lleipo/ntwn ei)/desi parallhlo- gra/mmois o(moi/ois te kai\ o(moi/ws keime/nois tw=| a)po\ th=s h(misei/as a)nagrafome/nw| me/gisto/n e)sti to\ a)po\ th=s h(misei/as paraballo/menon [parallhlo/grammon] o(/moion o)\n tw=| e)llei/mmati. *)/estw eu)qei=a h( *a*b kai\ tetmh/sqw di/xa kata\ to\ *g, kai\ parabeblh/sqw para\ th\n *a*b eu)qei=an to\ *a*d parallhlo/- grammon e)llei=pon ei)/dei parallhlogra/mmw| tw=| *d*b a)na- grafe/nti a)po\ th=s h(misei/as th=s *a*b, toute/sti th=s *g*b: le/gw, o(/ti pa/ntwn tw=n para\ th\n *a*b paraballome/nwn parallhlogra/mmwn kai\ e)lleipo/ntwn ei)/desi [parallhlo- gra/mmois] o(moi/ois te kai\ o(moi/ws keime/nois tw=| *d*b me/gisto/n e)sti to\ *a*d. parabeblh/sqw ga\r para\ th\n *a*b eu)qei=an to\ *a*z parallhlo/- grammon e)llei=pon ei)/dei parallhlo- gra/mmw| tw=| *z*b o(moi/w| te kai\ o(moi/ws keime/nw| tw=| *d*b: le/gw, o(/ti mei=zo/n e)sti to\ *a*d tou= *a*z. *)epei\ ga\r o(/moio/n e)sti to\ *d*b parallhlo/grammon tw=| *z*b parallhlogra/mmw|, peri\ th\n au)th/n ei)si dia/metron. h)/xqw au)tw=n dia/metros h( *d*b, kai\ katagegra/fqw to\ sxh=ma. *)epei\ ou)=n i)/son e)sti\ to\ *g*z tw=| *z*e, koino\n de\ to\ *z*b, o(/lon a)/ra to\ *g*q o(/lw| tw=| *k*e e)stin i)/son. a)lla\ to\ *g*q tw=| *g*h e)stin i)/son, e)pei\ kai\ h( *a*g th=| *g*b. kai\ to\ *h*g a)/ra tw=| *e*k e)stin i)/son. koino\n proskei/sqw to\ *g*z: o(/lon a)/ra to\ *a*z tw=| *l*m*n gnw/moni/ e)stin i)/son: w(/ste to\ *d*b parallh- lo/grammon, toute/sti to\ *a*d, tou= *a*z parallhlogra/mmou mei=zo/n e)stin. *pa/ntwn a)/ra tw=n para\ th\n au)th\n eu)qei=an para- ballome/nwn parallhlogra/mmwn kai\ e)lleipo/ntwn ei)/desi parallhlogra/mmois o(moi/ois te kai\ o(moi/ws keime/nois tw=| a)po\ th=s h(misei/as a)nagrafome/nw| me/gisto/n e)sti to\ a)po\ th=s h(misei/as parablhqe/n: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *para\ th\n doqei=san eu)qei=an tw=| doqe/nti eu)qugra/mmw| i)/son parallhlo/grammon parabalei=n e)llei=pon ei)/dei par- allhlogra/mmw| o(moi/w| tw=| doqe/nti: dei= de\ to\ dido/menon eu)qu/grammon [w(=| dei= i)/son parabalei=n] mh\ mei=zon ei)=nai tou= a)po\ th=s h(misei/as a)nagrafome/nou o(moi/ou tw=| e)llei/mmati [tou= te a)po\ th=s h(misei/as kai\ w(=| dei= o(/moion e)llei/pein]. *)/estw h( me\n doqei=sa eu)qei=a h( *a*b, to\ de\ doqe\n eu)qu/- grammon, w(=| dei= i)/son para\ th\n *a*b parabalei=n, to\ *g mh\ mei=zon [o)\n] tou= a)po\ th=s h(misei/as th=s *a*b a)nagrafome/nou o(moi/ou tw=| e)llei/mmati, w(=| de\ dei= o(/moion e)llei/pein, to\ *d: dei= dh\ para\ th\n doqei=san eu)qei=an th\n *a*b tw=| doqe/nti eu)qugra/mmw| tw=| *g i)/son parallhlo/grammon parabalei=n e)llei=pon ei)/dei parallhlogra/mmw| o(moi/w| o)/nti tw=| *d. *tetmh/sqw h( *a*b di/xa kata\ to\ *e shmei=on, kai\ a)na- gegra/fqw a)po\ th=s *e*b tw=| *d o(/moion kai\ o(moi/ws kei/menon to\ *e*b*z*h, kai\ sumpeplhrw/sqw to\ *a*h parallhlo/- grammon. *ei) me\n ou)=n i)/son e)sti\ to\ *a*h tw=| *g, gegono\s a)\n ei)/h to\ e)pitaxqe/n: parabe/blhtai ga\r para\ th\n doqei=san eu)qei=an th\n *a*b tw=| doqe/nti eu)qugra/mmw| tw=| *g i)/son parallhlo/- grammon to\ *a*h e)llei=pon ei)/dei parallhlogra/mmw| tw=| *h*b o(moi/w| o)/nti tw=| *d. ei) de\ ou)/, mei=zon e)/stw to\ *q*e tou= *g. i)/son de\ to\ *q*e tw=| *h*b: mei=zon a)/ra kai\ to\ *h*b tou= *g. w(=| dh\ mei=zo/n e)sti to\ *h*b tou= *g, tau/th| th=| u(peroxh=| i)/son, tw=| de\ *d o(/moion kai\ o(moi/ws kei/menon to\ au)to\ sunesta/tw to\ *k*l*m*n. a)lla\ to\ *d tw=| *h*b [e)stin] o(/moion: kai\ to\ *k*m a)/ra tw=| *h*b e)stin o(/moion. e)/stw ou)=n o(mo/logos h( me\n *k*l th=| *h*e, h( de\ *l*m th=| *h*z. kai\ e)pei\ i)/son e)sti\ to\ *h*b toi=s *g, *k*m, mei=zon a)/ra e)sti\ to\ *h*b tou= *k*m: mei/zwn a)/ra e)sti\ kai\ h( me\n *h*e th=s *k*l, h( de\ *h*z th=s *l*m. kei/sqw th=| me\n *k*l i)/sh h( *h*c, th=| de\ *l*m i)/sh h( *h*o, kai\ sumpeplhrw/sqw to\ *c*h*o*p parallhlo/grammon: i)/son a)/ra kai\ o(/moio/n e)sti [to\ *h*p] tw=| *k*m [a)lla\ to\ *k*m tw=| *h*b o(/moio/n e)stin]. kai\ to\ *h*p a)/ra tw=| *h*b o(/moio/n e)stin: peri\ th\n au)th\n a)/ra dia/metro/n e)sti to\ *h*p tw=| *h*b. e)/stw au)tw=n dia/metros h( *h*p*b, kai\ katagegra/fqw to\ sxh=ma. *)epei\ ou)=n i)/son e)sti\ to\ *b*h toi=s *g, *k*m, w(=n to\ *h*p tw=| *k*m e)stin i)/son, loipo\s a)/ra o( *u*x*f gnw/mwn loipw=| tw=| *g i)/sos e)sti/n. kai\ e)pei\ i)/son e)sti\ to\ *o*r tw=| *c*s, koino\n proskei/sqw to\ *p*b: o(/lon a)/ra to\ *o*b o(/lw| tw=| *c*b i)/son e)sti/n. a)lla\ to\ *c*b tw=| *t*e e)stin i)/son, e)pei\ kai\ pleura\ h( *a*e pleura=| th=| *e*b e)stin i)/sh: kai\ to\ *t*e a)/ra tw=| *o*b e)stin i)/son. koino\n proskei/sqw to\ *c*s: o(/lon a)/ra to\ *t*s o(/lw| tw=| *f*x*u gnw/moni/ e)stin i)/son. a)ll' o( *f*x*u gnw/mwn tw=| *g e)dei/xqh i)/sos: kai\ to\ *t*s a)/ra tw=| *g e)stin i)/son. *para\ th\n doqei=san a)/ra eu)qei=an th\n *a*b tw=| doqe/nti eu)qugra/mmw| tw=| *g i)/son parallhlo/grammon parabe/blhtai to\ *s*t e)llei=pon ei)/dei parallhlogra/mmw| tw=| *p*b o(moi/w| o)/nti tw=| *d [e)peidh/per to\ *p*b tw=| *h*p o(/moio/n e)stin]: o(/per e)/dei poih=sai. *para\ th\n doqei=san eu)qei=an tw=| doqe/nti eu)qugra/mmw| i)/son parallhlo/grammon parabalei=n u(perba/llon ei)/dei parallhlogra/mmw| o(moi/w| tw=| doqe/nti. *)/estw h( me\n doqei=sa eu)qei=a h( *a*b, to\ de\ doqe\n eu)qu/- grammon, w(=| dei= i)/son para\ th\n *a*b parabalei=n, to\ *g, w(=| de\ dei= o(/moion u(perba/llein, to\ *d: dei= dh\ para\ th\n *a*b eu)qei=an tw=| *g eu)qugra/mmw| i)/son parallhlo/grammon parabalei=n u(perba/llon ei)/dei parallhlogra/mmw| o(moi/w| tw=| *d. *tetmh/sqw h( *a*b di/xa kata\ to\ *e, kai\ a)nagegra/fqw a)po\ th=s *e*b tw=| *d o(/moion kai\ o(moi/ws kei/menon parallh- lo/grammon to\ *b*z, kai\ sunamfote/rois me\n toi=s *b*z, *g i)/son, tw=| de\ *d o(/moion kai\ o(moi/ws kei/menon to\ au)to\ sunesta/tw to\ *h*q. o(mo/logos de\ e)/stw h( me\n *k*q th=| *z*l, h( de\ *k*h th=| *z*e. kai\ e)pei\ mei=zo/n e)sti to\ *h*q tou= *z*b, mei/zwn a)/ra e)sti\ kai\ h( me\n *k*q th=s *z*l, h( de\ *k*h th=s *z*e. e)kbeblh/sqwsan ai( *z*l, *z*e, kai\ th=| me\n *k*q i)/sh e)/stw h( *z*l*m, th=| de\ *k*h i)/sh h( *z*e*n, kai\ sumpeplh- rw/sqw to\ *m*n: to\ *m*n a)/ra tw=| *h*q i)/son te/ e)sti kai\ o(/moion. a)lla\ to\ *h*q tw=| *e*l e)stin o(/moion: kai\ to\ *m*n a)/ra tw=| *e*l o(/moio/n e)stin: peri\ th\n au)th\n a)/ra dia/metro/n e)sti to\ *e*l tw=| *m*n. h)/xqw au)tw=n dia/metros h( *z*c, kai\ katagegra/fqw to\ sxh=ma. *)epei\ i)/son e)sti\ to\ *h*q toi=s *e*l, *g, a)lla\ to\ *h*q tw=| *m*n i)/son e)sti/n, kai\ to\ *m*n a)/ra toi=s *e*l, *g i)/son e)sti/n. koino\n a)fh|rh/sqw to\ *e*l: loipo\s a)/ra o( *y*x*f gnw/mwn tw=| *g e)stin i)/sos. kai\ e)pei\ i)/sh e)sti\n h( *a*e th=| *e*b, i)/son e)sti\ kai\ to\ *a*n tw=| *n*b, toute/sti tw=| *l*o. koino\n pros- kei/sqw to\ *e*c: o(/lon a)/ra to\ *a*c i)/son e)sti\ tw=| *f*x*y gnw/moni. a)lla\ o( *f*x*y gnw/mwn tw=| *g i)/sos e)sti/n: kai\ to\ *a*c a)/ra tw=| *g i)/son e)sti/n. *para\ th\n doqei=san a)/ra eu)qei=an th\n *a*b tw=| doqe/nti eu)qugra/mmw| tw=| *g i)/son parallhlo/grammon parabe/blhtai to\ *a*c u(perba/llon ei)/dei parallhlogra/mmw| tw=| *p*o o(moi/w| o)/nti tw=| *d, e)pei\ kai\ tw=| *e*l e)stin o(/moion to\ *o*p: o(/per e)/dei poih=sai. *th\n doqei=san eu)qei=an peperasme/nhn a)/kron kai\ me/son lo/gon temei=n. *)/estw h( doqei=sa eu)qei=a peperasme/nh h( *a*b: dei= dh\ th\n *a*b eu)qei=an a)/kron kai\ me/son lo/gon temei=n. *)anagegra/fqw a)po\ th=s *a*b tetra/gwnon to\ *b*g, kai\ parabeblh/sqw para\ th\n *a*g th=| *b*g i)/son parallhlo/- grammon to\ *g*d u(perba/llon ei)/dei tw=| *a*d o(moi/w| tw=| *b*g. *tetra/gwnon de/ e)sti to\ *b*g: tetra/gwnon a)/ra e)sti\ kai\ to\ *a*d. kai\ e)pei\ i)/son e)sti\ to\ *b*g tw=| *g*d, koino\n a)fh|rh/- sqw to\ *g*e: loipo\n a)/ra to\ *b*z loipw=| tw=| *a*d e)stin i)/son. e)/sti de\ au)tw=| kai\ i)sogw/nion: tw=n *b*z, *a*d a)/ra a)ntipepo/nqasin ai( pleurai\ ai( peri\ ta\s i)/sas gwni/as: e)/stin a)/ra w(s h( *z*e pro\s th\n *e*d, ou(/tws h( *a*e pro\s th\n *e*b. i)/sh de\ h( me\n *z*e th=| *a*b, h( de\ *e*d th=| *a*e. e)/stin a)/ra w(s h( *b*a pro\s th\n *a*e, ou(/tws h( *a*e pro\s th\n *e*b. mei/zwn de\ h( *a*b th=s *a*e: mei/zwn a)/ra kai\ h( *a*e th=s *e*b. *(h a)/ra *a*b eu)qei=a a)/kron kai\ me/son lo/gon te/tmhtai kata\ to\ *e, kai\ to\ mei=zon au)th=s tmh=ma/ e)sti to\ *a*e: o(/per e)/dei poih=sai. *)en toi=s o)rqogwni/ois trigw/nois to\ a)po\ th=s th\n o)rqh\n gwni/an u(poteinou/shs pleura=s ei)=dos i)/son e)sti\ toi=s a)po\ tw=n th\n o)rqh\n gwni/an periexousw=n pleurw=n ei)/desi toi=s o(moi/ois te kai\ o(moi/ws a)nagrafome/nois. *)/estw tri/gwnon o)rqogw/nion to\ *a*b*g o)rqh\n e)/xon th\n u(po\ *b*a*g gwni/an: le/gw, o(/ti to\ a)po\ th=s *b*g ei)=dos i)/son e)sti\ toi=s a)po\ tw=n *b*a, *a*g ei)/desi toi=s o(moi/ois te kai\ o(moi/ws a)nagrafome/nois. *)/hxqw ka/qetos h( *a*d. *)epei\ ou)=n e)n o)rqogwni/w| trigw/nw| tw=| *a*b*g a)po\ th=s pro\s tw=| *a o)rqh=s gwni/as e)pi\ th\n *b*g ba/sin ka/qetos h)=ktai h( *a*d, ta\ *a*b*d, *a*d*g pro\s th=| kaqe/tw| tri/gwna o(/moia/ e)sti tw=| te o(/lw| tw=| *a*b*g kai\ a)llh/lois. kai\ e)pei\ o(/moio/n e)sti to\ *a*b*g tw=| *a*b*d, e)/stin a)/ra w(s h( *g*b pro\s th\n *b*a, ou(/tws h( *a*b pro\s th\n *b*d. kai\ e)pei\ trei=s eu)qei=ai a)na/logo/n ei)sin, e)/stin w(s h( prw/th pro\s th\n tri/thn, ou(/tws to\ a)po\ th=s prw/ths ei)=dos pro\s to\ a)po\ th=s deute/ras to\ o(/moion kai\ o(moi/ws a)nagrafo/menon. w(s a)/ra h( *g*b pro\s th\n *b*d, ou(/tws to\ a)po\ th=s *g*b ei)=dos pro\s to\ a)po\ th=s *b*a to\ o(/moion kai\ o(moi/ws a)nagrafo/menon. dia\ ta\ au)ta\ dh\ kai\ w(s h( *b*g pro\s th\n *g*d, ou(/tws to\ a)po\ th=s *b*g ei)=dos pro\s to\ a)po\ th=s *g*a. w(/ste kai\ w(s h( *b*g pro\s ta\s *b*d, *d*g, ou(/tws to\ a)po\ th=s *b*g ei)=dos pro\s ta\ a)po\ tw=n *b*a, *a*g ta\ o(/moia kai\ o(moi/ws a)nagrafo/mena. i)/sh de\ h( *b*g tai=s *b*d, *d*g: i)/son a)/ra kai\ to\ a)po\ th=s *b*g ei)=dos toi=s a)po\ tw=n *b*a, *a*g ei)/desi toi=s o(moi/ois te kai\ o(moi/ws a)nagrafome/nois. *)en a)/ra toi=s o)rqogwni/ois trigw/nois to\ a)po\ th=s th\n o)rqh\n gwni/an u(poteinou/shs pleura=s ei)=dos i)/son e)sti\ toi=s a)po\ tw=n th\n o)rqh\n gwni/an periexousw=n pleurw=n ei)/desi toi=s o(moi/ois te kai\ o(moi/ws a)nagrafome/nois: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *)ea\n du/o tri/gwna sunteqh=| kata\ mi/an gwni/an ta\s du/o pleura\s tai=s dusi\ pleurai=s a)na/logon e)/xonta w(/ste ta\s o(molo/gous au)tw=n pleura\s kai\ parallh/lous ei)=nai, ai( loipai\ tw=n trigw/nwn pleurai\ e)p' eu)qei/as e)/sontai. *)/estw du/o tri/gwna ta\ *a*b*g, *d*g*e ta\s du/o pleura\s ta\s *b*a, *a*g tai=s dusi\ pleurai=s tai=s *d*g, *d*e a)na/logon e)/xonta, w(s me\n th\n *a*b pro\s th\n *a*g, ou(/tws th\n *d*g pro\s th\n *d*e, para/llhlon de\ th\n me\n *a*b th=| *d*g, th\n de\ *a*g th=| *d*e: le/gw, o(/ti e)p' eu)qei/as e)sti\n h( *b*g th=| *g*e. *)epei\ ga\r para/llhlo/s e)stin h( *a*b th=| *d*g, kai\ ei)s au)ta\s e)mpe/ptwken eu)qei=a h( *a*g, ai( e)nalla\c gwni/ai ai( u(po\ *b*a*g, *a*g*d i)/sai a)llh/lais ei)si/n. dia\ ta\ au)ta\ dh\ kai\ h( u(po\ *g*d*e th=| u(po\ *a*g*d i)/sh e)sti/n. w(/ste kai\ h( u(po\ *b*a*g th=| u(po\ *g*d*e e)stin i)/sh. kai\ e)pei\ du/o tri/gwna/ e)sti ta\ *a*b*g, *d*g*e mi/an gwni/an th\n pro\s tw=| *a mia=| gwni/a| th=| pro\s tw=| *d i)/shn e)/xonta, peri\ de\ ta\s i)/sas gwni/as ta\s pleura\s a)na/- logon, w(s th\n *b*a pro\s th\n *a*g, ou(/tws th\n *g*d pro\s th\n *d*e, i)sogw/nion a)/ra e)sti\ to\ *a*b*g tri/gwnon tw=| *d*g*e trigw/nw|: i)/sh a)/ra h( u(po\ *a*b*g gwni/a th=| u(po\ *d*g*e. e)dei/xqh de\ kai\ h( u(po\ *a*g*d th=| u(po\ *b*a*g i)/sh: o(/lh a)/ra h( u(po\ *a*g*e dusi\ tai=s u(po\ *a*b*g, *b*a*g i)/sh e)sti/n. koinh\ proskei/sqw h( u(po\ *a*g*b: ai( a)/ra u(po\ *a*g*e, *a*g*b tai=s u(po\ *b*a*g, *a*g*b, *g*b*a i)/sai ei)si/n. a)ll' ai( u(po\ *b*a*g, *a*b*g, *a*g*b dusi\n o)rqai=s i)/sai ei)si/n: kai\ ai( u(po\ *a*g*e, *a*g*b a)/ra dusi\n o)rqai=s i)/sai ei)si/n. pro\s dh/ tini eu)qei/a| th=| *a*g kai\ tw=| pro\s au)th=| shmei/w| tw=| *g du/o eu)qei=ai ai( *b*g, *g*e mh\ e)pi\ ta\ au)ta\ me/rh kei/menai ta\s e)fech=s gwni/as ta\s u(po\ *a*g*e, *a*g*b dusi\n o)rqai=s i)/sas poiou=sin: e)p' eu)qei/as a)/ra e)sti\n h( *b*g th=| *g*e. *)ea\n a)/ra du/o tri/gwna sunteqh=| kata\ mi/an gwni/an ta\s du/o pleura\s tai=s dusi\ pleurai=s a)na/logon e)/xonta w(/ste ta\s o(molo/gous au)tw=n pleura\s kai\ parallh/lous ei)=nai, ai( loipai\ tw=n trigw/nwn pleurai\ e)p' eu)qei/as e)/sontai: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai. *)en toi=s i)/sois ku/klois ai( gwni/ai to\n au)to\n e)/xousi lo/gon tai=s periferei/ais, e)f' w(=n bebh/kasin, e)a/n te pro\s toi=s ke/ntrois e)a/n te pro\s tai=s periferei/ais w)=si bebhkui=ai. *)/estwsan i)/soi ku/kloi oi( *a*b*g, *d*e*z, kai\ pro\s me\n toi=s ke/ntrois au)tw=n toi=s *h, *q gwni/ai e)/stwsan ai( u(po\ *b*h*g, *e*q*z, pro\s de\ tai=s periferei/ais ai( u(po\ *b*a*g, *e*d*z: le/gw, o(/ti e)sti\n w(s h( *b*g perife/reia pro\s th\n *e*z perife/reian, ou(/tws h(/ te u(po\ *b*h*g gwni/a pro\s th\n u(po\ *e*q*z kai\ h( u(po\ *b*a*g pro\s th\n u(po\ *e*d*z. *kei/sqwsan ga\r th=| me\n *b*g periferei/a| i)/sai kata\ to\ e(ch=s o(saidhpotou=n ai( *g*k, *k*l, th=| de\ *e*z periferei/a| i)/sai o(saidhpotou=n ai( *z*m, *m*n, kai\ e)pezeu/xqwsan ai( *h*k, *h*l, *q*m, *q*n. *)epei\ ou)=n i)/sai ei)si\n ai( *b*g, *g*k, *k*l perife/reiai a)llh/lais, i)/sai ei)si\ kai\ ai( u(po\ *b*h*g, *g*h*k, *k*h*l gwni/ai a)llh/lais: o(saplasi/wn a)/ra e)sti\n h( *b*l peri- fe/reia th=s *b*g, tosautaplasi/wn e)sti\ kai\ h( u(po\ *b*h*l gwni/a th=s u(po\ *b*h*g. dia\ ta\ au)ta\ dh\ kai\ o(saplasi/wn e)sti\n h( *n*e perife/reia th=s *e*z, tosautaplasi/wn e)sti\ kai\ h( u(po\ *n*q*e gwni/a th=s u(po\ *e*q*z. ei) a)/ra i)/sh e)sti\n h( *b*l perife/reia th=| *e*n periferei/a|, i)/sh e)sti\ kai\ gwni/a h( u(po\ *b*h*l th=| u(po\ *e*q*n, kai\ ei) mei/zwn e)sti\n h( *b*l perife/reia th=s *e*n periferei/as, mei/zwn e)sti\ kai\ h( u(po\ *b*h*l gwni/a th=s u(po\ *e*q*n, kai\ ei) e)la/sswn, e)la/sswn. tessa/rwn dh\ o)/ntwn megeqw=n, du/o me\n peri- fereiw=n tw=n *b*g, *e*z, du/o de\ gwniw=n tw=n u(po\ *b*h*g, *e*q*z, ei)/lhptai th=s me\n *b*g periferei/as kai\ th=s u(po\ *b*h*g gwni/as i)sa/kis pollaplasi/wn h(/ te *b*l perife/reia kai\ h( u(po\ *b*h*l gwni/a, th=s de\ *e*z periferei/as kai\ th=s u(po\ *e*q*z gwni/as h(/ te *e*n perife/reia kai\ h( u(po\ *e*q*n gwni/a. kai\ de/deiktai, o(/ti ei) u(pere/xei h( *b*l perife/reia th=s *e*n periferei/as, u(pere/xei kai\ h( u(po\ *b*h*l gwni/a th=s u(po\ *e*q*n gwni/as, kai\ ei) i)/sh, i)/sh, kai\ ei) e)la/sswn, e)la/sswn. e)/stin a)/ra, w(s h( *b*g perife/reia pro\s th\n *e*z, ou(/tws h( u(po\ *b*h*g gwni/a pro\s th\n u(po\ *e*q*z. a)ll' w(s h( u(po\ *b*h*g gwni/a pro\s th\n u(po\ *e*q*z, ou(/tws h( u(po\ *b*a*g pro\s th\n u(po\ *e*d*z: diplasi/a ga\r e(kate/ra e(kate/ras. kai\ w(s a)/ra h( *b*g perife/reia pro\s th\n *e*z perife/reian, ou(/tws h(/ te u(po\ *b*h*g gwni/a pro\s th\n u(po\ *e*q*z kai\ h( u(po\ *b*a*g pro\s th\n u(po\ *e*d*z. *)en a)/ra toi=s i)/sois ku/klois ai( gwni/ai to\n au)to\n e)/xousi lo/gon tai=s periferei/ais, e)f' w(=n bebh/kasin, e)a/n te pro\s toi=s ke/ntrois e)a/n te pro\s tai=s periferei/ais w)=si bebhkui=ai: o(/per e)/dei dei=cai.