A MOTORE
TRANSLATO.
tum de Motu vuiuersè, tum &longs;peciatim de Motu
Terræ attributo difficultates explicantur.
Apud LVDOVICVM DE HEVQVEVILLE, via Iacobæa, &longs;ub
&longs;igno Pacis.
ARTICVLORVM.
sè experiments ex aqua,
curru, & nani facta, qui
bus comprobatur, &longs;i id
corpus, cui in&longs;istimus,
transferatur, motum rei à nobis proiectæ
perinde & &longs;ieri, & apparere nobis, ac &longs;i il
lud quic&longs;ceret.
ia, quæ inter ambulandum dimi&longs;&longs;a &longs;emper
procurrit; & iacta retror sùm, vel &longs;egmùs
mouetur, vel ad perpendiculum cadit, vel
etiam &longs;equitur, promotæ antrCau&longs;a
dicitur ex motu, quem manus (&longs;eu habeat,
&longs;eu non habeat proprium) accipit à corpore,
imprimitque contactæ pilæ.
Dum manus inter ambul andum liberè
pendent, non ni&longs;i pr
cùm videntur retro &longs;um &longs;lecti, reip&longs;â quic&longs;
cEx quo dimi&longs;&longs;apila, dum manus pror
sùm porrigitur, mouetur duplò vel
(veluti &
& dum manus apparet retrorsùm ire, cadit
ad perpendiculum.
Experimenta de pilaè curru, aut cquo
(
proiecta, recideutéque in manum, & complu-
aut equi impre&longs;&longs;us manui, componatur cum
motu ip&longs;ius manus proprio, &longs;iatque motus
reipsâ mi&longs;tus, licet ad oculum non alius,
quàm manus proprius appareat.
Experimenta varia de pila, aut alie
proi
ctum &longs;ursùm, in eandem nauis partem reci
du: dimi&longs;&longs;um ex fa&longs;tigto mali, decidit ad
eiu&longs;dem pedem; & &longs;eu in proram, &longs;eu in
puppim pari vi adactum, æquale &longs;uprana
uim &longs;patium con&longs;icit, licet iuæquale aëris
respectu. Can&longs;adicitur ex compo&longs;itione mo
tus n
intereà non alium, quàm manus proprium
ob&longs;eruante, ob motum nauis, qui &longs;it tam ip&longs;i,
quam proiectili communis.
Ad inuc&longs;tigandum cau&longs;am motus tam
naturalis, cuius impetus continuò cre&longs;cit,
quàm proiect
fieri, vt acqui&longs;ita &longs;patia &longs;int in duplicata
temporum, quibus acquiruntur, ratione; &
lineam, quam pro
per aërem, e&longs;&longs;e parabolicam, re&longs;que mon&longs;ira
tur ex &longs;
intelligendum comparate.
Ex eo elicitur lapidem è naui mota
proiectum &longs;ecundum altitudinem mali, &
recidentem &longs;ecundum eandem, de&longs;cribere
lineam, ad vi&longs;um quidem rectam, &longs;edreipsâ
tamen parabolicam; vt & dimi&longs;&longs;um è &longs;um
mo malo &longs;emiparabolicam; compo&longs;ito motu
ex perpendiculari, qui à man
te, & horizontali, qui à naui. Nihil ex vtro
vis motu ob compo&longs;itionem deperdi, &longs;ed
tantundem &longs;parij & perpendieulariter, &
horizontaliter peruadi, quantum &longs;i motus &longs;e
iuncti forent. Tempora a&longs;cen&longs;us, & de&longs;cen
&longs;us e&longs;&longs;e æqualia, & velocitatem qua pro
portione in a&longs;cen&longs;u decre&longs;cit, in de&longs;cen&longs;u in
cre&longs;cere; idque perinde, ac dum motus tran&longs;
luitius est nullus. Proportionem velocita
tis cre&longs;centis, & decre&longs;centis &longs;ecundum li
neam parabolicam, e&longs;&longs;e eandem, quæ &longs;ecun
dum perpendicularem. In motu compo&longs;ito
&longs;patia quidem &longs;ursùm, aut deorsùm acquiri
inæqualiter per momenta æqualia; at pror
sùn, &longs;eu &longs;ecundum berizontem, penitùs
æqualiter. Quantumcúmque apertæ, aut
contractæ &longs;int parabolicæ, &longs;emiparabolicæve
lincæ, modò altitudo eadem &longs;it, ip&longs;as tempore
a juali dDenique quod vis proiecti
le, etiam globum bombardicum, directè &longs;ur
&longs;um è pede mili, dum nauis monetur, emi&longs;
&longs;um, ad pedem mali recidere.
Declaratur etiam, cur ex duobus in
tra
pariex prora, ac puppi remittentibus, non aut N
iectæ, tantundem illum &longs;emouet: & quan
tum adimit rejectæ ab illo, tantundem i&longs;tum
promouet, mirabili compen&longs;atione.
Nullus motus non
non e&longs;t à naturalibus principi
violentus, vt nullus (&longs;eclu&longs;o primæ vo)
non ab alto e&longs;t. Is naturalis e&longs;t, qui ant &longs;pon
tc,
pÆqua
les circularis, mix méque
iectæ &longs;ursùm, verum etiam rei cadentis
deorsùm.
Cùm motus lapidis tam dimi&longs;si, quàm
recidentis ex malitran&longs;iati altitudine, com
po&longs;itus &longs;it ex perpendiculari, & borizontali,
horizont alis potiùs, quàm perpendicularis
habendus nuuralis e&longs;t, ob iam memoratam
æquabilitatem. Videtur omnis motus hori
zontalis &longs;uapte natura æquabilis, atque per
petuus; vt vel intelligitur exemplo globi
vniformis materiæ, qui &longs;emel motus &longs;upræ
terræ &longs;uperficiem exqui&longs;itè rotundam, poli
tamque &longs;uppo&longs;itam, videatur vt æquabili
ter, ita perpetuò reuoluendus.
Si motus lapidis deorsùm violentus e&longs;t,
& ab externo principio; debet; hoc proinde
e&longs;&longs;e vel impellens, vel attrabent, vel
queImpellens aliud e&longs;&longs;e non pote&longs;t, quàm
aer &longs;upornè incumbens, qui vt lapidi &longs;ur
sùm nitenti re&longs;i&longs;tit, ita deorsùm tendentem
in&longs;ectaiur. Quanta &longs;it
impellendo vis, probatur ex variis effecti
bus, at præ&longs;ertim in pyriis, pnenmatici&longs;que
catapultis. Non &longs;ufficit tamen &longs;ola aëris vis
ad motum illum deorsùm præ&longs;tandum.
Attrabens cau&longs;a alia e&longs;&longs;e non pote&longs;t,
quàm ip&longs;amet Terra, cui &longs;it in&longs;ita (vt &
cuivis Toti) vis continendi, retrabendique
parteis &longs;ui omneis, quales enumerantur beic. Explicatur pancis analogia, vel eadem po
tiùs natura Magnetis, ac Terræ. Non vide
tur vtrin&longs;que actio in res attractas fieri,
ni&longs;i emißis corpu&longs;culis &longs;ubtilißimis, quæ
ip&longs;as pelliciant: quòd nulla actio phy&longs;ica &longs;i
ne contactu, & organi &longs;altem interuemn &longs;it. Declaratur res exemplobalitus è re odorain
narets tran&longs;mißi.
Idem &longs;it circa alios &longs;en&longs;us.
Corpu&longs;cu
la, qua &longs;en&longs;us permulcent, aliaratione figu
rata, quàm quæ exa&longs;perant. Arguitur id iur
sùs ex odSubtilitas corpu&longs;culorum inef
fabilis probabilis fit. Sympatbia, & Anti
pathia, ni&longs;i per ip&longs;a, qua&longs;i organula, non e&longs;t. Debent in re excipiente respondere particu
læ analogica; vti &longs;unt, quæ in naribus (non
in partibus altis) re&longs;pectDebent & poruli analogici in iis, qu
ab ip&longs;is peruaduntur rebus; vt exemplis
o&longs;tenditur.
Di&longs;&longs;icultas præcipua; quomodo attra
ctio ferri à Magnete per emi&longs;&longs;a corpu&longs;cul
fiat: Fieri fortè radiis iugi illorum corpu&longs;cn
lorum emißione creatis, refracti&longs;que in re
attracta ver&longs;us perpendicularem: vnde &
factis angulis, qua&longs;icubitis, in ferro, com
preßio, & attractio in magnetem &longs;equatur. Rationem quorundam effectuum betne red
di, & actionem electricorum po&longs;&longs;e exinde
intelligi.
Vis Terræ attractrix, perinde ac vis
magnetis ex&longs;eritur. Propè, quàm pr
ior. Lapis in &longs;patiis imaginariis con&longs;titutus
tam con&longs;tante mundo, quàm non ex&longs;tante, ibi
quie&longs;ceret. Etiam in medio aeris &longs;patio, &longs;i
fieret penitùs inane. Moueturiam, quiatra
bitur. Ingens &longs;axum, cohibita attractione,
facillimè mobile. Motus deorsùm initio len
tißimus. Vis proiectoimpre&longs;&longs;a ideò debili
tatur, quòd attractio à Terra facta ip&longs;am
continenter re&longs;ringat. Quare pondera &longs;en
magna, &longs;en parua (eiu&longs;dem præ&longs;ertim ma
teriæ) æqua vdocitate cad
Impre&longs;&longs;us &longs;emel motus illi lapidi in
imaginariis &longs;patiis con&longs;tisuto foret æquabi
lis, & perpetuus, attractionis refringentis
defectu. Comprobatur ex dictis de aquabili
ta
motus rei p
&longs;us præcipue ob &longs;
tium ve eius qua&longs;i &longs;arcinulas &longs;ensìm re
fringuntur, ac dentque c
Pote&longs;t fimplex Terræ attractio &
emonere lapidem à quiete in aëre, & &longs;uperæ
re re&longs;i&longs;tentiam &longs;uppo&longs;iti aëris. Si mobile vno
ictu pul&longs;um, pluribus &longs;imilibus continenter
pu &longs;etur, ip&longs;ins velocit as continenter auge
bitur. Lapis in aere, &longs;cu à Terra, &longs;eu ab aëre,
&longs;eu ab vtroque c
non pote&longs;t continuò non accelerari. Si ab al
tera, &longs;implicive tantum ca
v.
vAtqui incre&longs;
Coniungenda
aqu
&longs;it in primo moment
trahente: in &longs;ecundo &longs;int duo, vnus à Ter
ra attrabente, alins ab aere imp
con&longs;equenter &longs;ingulis momentis duo: &longs;icque,
cum impetus omnes mancmt, &longs;int in primo
momento, 1. in &longs;ecnndo 3. in tertio 5. &
e&longs;t progre&longs;sio numerorum imparium. H
&longs;equitur &longs;patia in fine
v&longs;que initio qua&longs;ita e&longs;&longs;e 1. 4. 9. & quæ
&longs;unt quadrata momentorum. Declaratur res
&longs;chemate. Cur graue proiectum tant
dat tempore, quanto deinceps de&longs;cendit. Ea
dem proportio &longs;eruatur in rebus obliquè de
cidentibus: & in excur&longs;ibus, recur&longs;ibu&longs;que
rerum pen&longs;ilium. An ca&longs;urus fuerit ead
incrementi velocitatis proportione demi&longs;&longs;us
in centrum lapis à Terræ &longs;uperficie, à l una,
à Sole, à Fixis?
Vis motrix in re proiecta non aloud,
quàm impre&longs;&longs;us motus, qui ex &longs;e in cop
ueraret porpctuò, ni&longs;i facta à Terra attra
ctione labe&longs;actaretur. Imprimitur, dum mo
uens iunctum mobili ip&longs;um &longs;ecum monet, &
aliquo v&longs;que in viam Motus reflexus cum directo continüatus,
eadem cau&longs;a cum illo e&longs;t. R
dentia ad angulos pareis, eadem leg
emer&longs;io, & precidentia in re pen&longs;ili.
Differtur tractatio de argum
motu rerum &longs;ur&longs;um proiectarum
tinmque ad quictem Terræ a&longs;&longs;erendam a&longs;
&longs;Epi&longs;tola
cludilur.
argumenti, quo ab Ari&longs;tot
probatur Terram quic&longs;cere. Sene
qui&longs;rtione non indignam cen&longs;uit, mon
ne Terra, an-non. Plato eam momri opina
tus e&longs;t. Argumentum vulgare pro qui
Quòd lapis &longs;ursùm directè protectus epup
pt, dum namis mon
intereà &longs;ubductam. Cùm exemplam bet fal
&longs;um &longs;it, videtur argumontum po&longs;&longs;e r
II.
&longs;u &longs;am protectus
Turiss, non poßit de&longs;ers à Turri, tamet&longs;i
Terra eam transfirst; quonsam lapis vnà
tranifertur, propter metum, quo Terra mo
utns borizontaliter manum pr
quòd &longs;it tam oculo, quàm turri, lapi lique
communis, ob&longs;eruabi
e&longs;t.S9.
III.
illAeridem e&longs;t Terræglo
Ob &longs;luiditæ
tem non-nibil retardatur; vnde & appa
ret in occa&longs;um moutri. Inde nauigatio in
occa&longs;um, quàmin ortum facilior. Quomede
tenus Terratran sfort proiectorem? Quomo
do volucri, dum transfert rem, à quailla
anolat, & aerem, cui deQuomodo nubi, aut plumæ?
vente, ignea
ve traiectioni?
IV.
Spatiu
acr cum Terra mobilis. Heinclapts vide
ri pote&longs;t de&longs;eribere rectam lineam tam
a&longs;
& intereà tamen de&longs;cribere lineam para
bPere&longs;t
& conficeretamen per spatium mundanum
proQuid &longs;it di&longs;
p
i
V.
citur de globerum explo&longs;ione in ortum, in
oc
&longs;
ci
dem communi
ip&longs;i globo, &longs;olus explo&longs;ionis motus &longs;uper&longs;it,
macbina, &longs;eu quie&longs;cat, &longs;eu moueatur Terra.
p.99.
VI.
lis motu, & Terræ quicte, ob vi&longs;us &longs;allt
ciam. Vt cnim maris inexpertus, &longs;i non co
gitan
bit ip&longs;am quie&longs;cere, aliam ancboris &longs;irma
tam m
Terra, po&longs;&longs;umus, &longs;i ea circa Solem in mun
dano spario q
mare ip&longs;am immotam, Solem circa ip&longs;am
moueri. Neque licebit illum horta
&longs;eu&longs;um ratione cerrigat, qu
moneamur.
VII.
tera &longs;idera exoriri vi&longs;a, & occidere ex con
uer&longs;ione Terræ in ortum. Sic apparet attoli
Polus ex &longs;olono&longs;tri ver&longs;us ip&longs;uArgument a aliquot à &longs;imili.
Violentia ex
raptu primi mobilis &longs;ublat a ex &longs;implic
ræ conuer &longs;ione in ortum. Soliditas orbium
caelig;le&longs;tium cum ab&longs;eruatis, & ratione pu
gnans. Argumentum ex apparente Cometa
rum & omnium &longs;ublimium in
tu. Ex rapidita
cælo, quàm in Terra vt matore, &longs;ic ab&longs;ur
diore. D
menda. Argumentkm ex figura Terræ &longs;ua
pte natura volubili.
VIII.
vt vniantur; nontotius, vt ten
trum. In
aut infinum, &longs;
dium. Non t
Terræ, &longs;eu Graui
tas e&longs;t vis non tam grauibus in&longs;ita, quàm
magneticè à Telluris mole impre&longs;&longs;a. Leuitas
nibil æliud, quàm grauit as minor. Compre
batur variis exëplis, at in igne pctißimàin,
qui &longs;ur&longs;um, non vt &longs;pbæram pc
ab aere abactus contendit. Motus recti &longs;ur
&longs;ù
m
obstant. Idemiuris pote
globTerra non minùs mobilis
per aibCù
dat, band inepta Archimedca &longs;pon&longs;io fuit.
p.112.
IX.
Sol in centro, Fixæ in
circum&longs;erentia immotæ. Medio in spatio
Planetæ mobiles, ac in ip&longs;is Terra iuter Ve
nerem, & Martem. Di&longs;t ant
ta, vt magnus orbis, cuius
à sole ad Terram, pro puncto habeatur, com
paratus ad ip&longs;am. Duplex Terræ motus,
Diurnus
&longs;ubZodiaci &longs;ignis, in quorum vno dum e&longs;t,
apparet Solin oppo&longs;ito e&longs;&longs;e. Continetur &longs;
per axis Terræ in &longs;ui parallili&longs;
in F
dem circulum tantum circa polum mundi,
quantus circulus magni orbis e&longs;t, &longs;ed qui
beinc tamen appareat vt punctum. Conti
centri, retrabit &longs;en&longs;im æquinoctialia
in fignorum anteced
X.
perinde videbitur Eclipticam percurrere,
& Eclip&longs;es hand&longs;
in centro quSi Terra habetur Pla
netarum vnus, omnes tam motu, quàm ma
gnitudinc congruunt; &longs;i non habetur, di&longs;&longs;o
nant. L
L
Terra
tamen bemi&longs;phærium, quod duæ parallelæ,
vna per centrum, alia per terræ &longs;uperficiem Axis
Terræ continentia, & Fixarum di&longs;tantia Eadem axis, at &longs;imùl æqua
tudinem parit. Stellæ Fixæ apparent pro
non circularis.
XI.
e&longs;t Planetarum, quinon vno tenore, ac
&longs;emper viam procedat. Regreßiones
Station
tæ inconciunitatis &longs;unt, non-ni&longs;i apparenter
fiunt. Res decl
nere; itemque in Marte, Ioue, ac Saturne. Sol in medio omnium congruè collecatus.
Con&longs;titutus in centro Sol, & nibilominùs
&longs;ibi ip&longs;i motn circiter men&longs;tiuo circumdu
ctus (quod mon &longs;trant eins Macula) vide
tur Pl
radiis circumagcre, propiures rapiàiùs, re
motiores &longs;egu
XII.
deducitur, & exemplo nauiculæ aqua &longs;emi
plenæ declaratur. Ex motu diurno, & an
n
ob quam mare quotidie bis fluat, at rifluat. Res mediterrance mars applicatur.
In eræ
Prouinciæ attollitur mare, ac deprimitur ad
&longs;e&longs;qui-pedem. Creata &longs;peciali inaqualitate
ctrca &longs;el&longs;titia, & æquinoctia, fit a&longs;tus v
mentior, &longs;ed circa æquinoctia pCreatâ aliâ ob con&longs;titutam in coniunctione,
ant oppo&longs;itione Lunam, fit quoque æ&longs;tus in
noEx m
Terra æ&longs;lus maris, ex a&longs;tu maris motus
Terræ e&longs;&longs;icitur probabilis. Declaratur res
iterum naniculæ comparatione.
XIII.
Terra quic&longs;cente, non mota. Epi&longs;t
cluditur.
Po&longs;t &longs;criptum.
Quam obcan&longs;am fiat, vt res flexilis, viluti
virga, a
mittente mann mo
repetat?
JVxta Priuilegium à Rege Chri&longs;tiani&longs;&longs;imo conce&longs;&longs;um, cautum e&longs;t, ne quis toto regne
imprimat, alibive impre&longs;&longs;as di
Motore tran&longs;lato, Epi&longs;tolas duas
ri&longs;ien&longs;em, idque in dece1642. Signa
tum C
A MOTORE TRANSLATO.
PETRO PVTEANO CLAVD I. F.
PETRVS GASSENDVS S.
INSINVAVIT Luillerius no&longs;ter
po&longs;tremis &longs;uis literis, adhibui&longs;&longs;e te ægrè
fidemijs, quæ ad ip&longs;um per&longs;crip&longs;eram,
de factis à me circa motum Proje
ctilium experimentis. Id verò miratus non &longs;um, qui
per&longs;pectum habeo nihil po&longs;&longs;e magis paradoxum &longs;a
pere; & noui alios præclaros viros, quibus res e&longs;t
vi&longs;a non minùs improbabilis, quoadv&longs;que fuere ip
&longs;imet experti. Occa&longs;ionem certè explorandi denuò
rei veritatem fecit mihi nuper Prorex optimius; cùm
profectus Ma&longs;&longs;iliam, me in comitatum adhibitum
voluit. Quippe, vt e&longs;t pereruditus, & quicquid tem-
djis impertitur, non paucos in itinere &longs;ermones de
Motu con&longs;eruït. Ip&longs;e recen&longs;ui obiter tum ob&longs;erua
ta propria, tum quæ Galileus conge&longs;&longs;it ad&longs;truen
do illi Theoremati,
ferdtur, motus omneis no&longs;tros, rerúmqne à nobis mo
bilium perinde fieri, appareréque, ac &longs;i illud quie&longs;ceret.
Cùm rem verò e&longs;&longs;e præter omnem fidem, non tam
doctus Princeps, quàm alij quidam ex comitatu
opinarentur; &longs;tupuerunt &longs;anè, cùm iu&longs;&longs;i tam cur
ru, quàm equo periculum facere, deprehenderunt,
&longs;eu quie&longs;cerent, &longs;eu concitati&longs;&longs;imè transferrentur,
res &longs;ursùm projectas, perinde in manum redire; ma
nu dimi&longs;&longs;as, &longs;ecundum eandem &longs;ui, equi, aut cur
rus lineam cadere; emi&longs;&longs;as antrorsùm, nec propiùs,
nec longiùs terram petere; depul&longs;as retrorsùm,
nihilo &longs;eciùs à tergo di&longs;cedere; directas ad dex
tram, læuam ve, intra lateralem lineam ex æquo
teneri. Po&longs;teà, vt planè conuincerentur, deducen
di fuere ad mare, ob&longs;eruaturi, Vtrum naui veloci&longs;
&longs;imè tran&longs;lata, perinde atque quie&longs;cente, lapis &longs;ur
sùm projectus, v. c.
ex pede mali, &longs;ecundum mali
longitudinem, tueretur &longs;emper tam a&longs;cendendo,
quàm de&longs;cendendo eandem à malo di&longs;tantiam, &
ad pedem mali, &longs;eu in eundem locum præci&longs;è, re
cideret Vtrum manu ad &longs;ummum malum quie&longs;cen
te, & ab&longs;que vlla vi dimi&longs;&longs;us lapis, in eundem pe
dem incideret. Vtrum pari vi ex puppi in proram,
& ex prora in puppin tran&longs;mi&longs;&longs;us, pari impetu fer
ri appareret, parque &longs;patium conficere. Vtrum actus
tione, haud di&longs;par motus exhiberetur. Cæterùm res
ita &longs;ucce&longs;&longs;it, vt nihil ampliùs hæ&longs;erint; cùm acta Tri
remi ea celeritate, vt intra horæ quadrantem, mari
aperto, tranquillóque, milliaria quatuor peruade
ret, i&longs;ta, aliáque ob&longs;eruitârunt. Miraculo autem
poti&longs;&longs;imùm fuit, lapidem è vertice mali ab&longs;que vi,
aut jactu dimi&longs;&longs;um, tam ex parte puppis à malo non
de&longs;eri, quàm ex parte proræ ab eo non attingi: &longs;ed
in eadem &longs;emper di&longs;tantia, &longs;eu &longs;ecundum lineam ip
&longs;i parallelam continuò delabi.
II.
Ac non hæreo quidem, optime virorum,
quin tu quoque dedi&longs;&longs;es manus, &longs;i quadam &longs;orte
contigi&longs;&longs;et ade&longs;&longs;e te &longs;pectaculo; verùm non propte
reà mihi adrogo, vt (licet me virum fidei plenum
habeas) tenearis idcircò hi&longs;toriam narranti nudam
a&longs;&longs;entiri. Addo potiùs cau&longs;am, quâ &longs;emel per&longs;pectâ,
te non di&longs;&longs;en&longs;urum confidam; ac prouoco &longs;imùl ad
experimenta adeò factu facilia, vt nihil nece&longs;&longs;e exi
&longs;times mare proptereà ip&longs;um adire. Et cau&longs;a quidem
generalis e&longs;t, quia, Quicquid mouetur, motum &longs;uum
imprimit rebus omnibus, quas &longs;u&longs;tentat: Re&longs;que
perinde emittuntur, &longs;iue emittens motum à &longs;e, &longs;iue
ab alio impre&longs;&longs;um habeat. Experimentum verò fa
cillimum e&longs;t, vt dum per prolixiorem illam nobili&longs;
&longs;i
&longs;oriam, aliumve globum manu teneas, remque ex
plores. Imprimis quippe notius e&longs;t, quàm vt mo
neri debeat, pilam tua manu &longs;u&longs;tentatam tantun
dem moueri, quantum ip&longs;am manum; &longs;eu manum Quie&longs;ce deinde reliquo corpore, & agitata &longs;ola
manu, vel manu&longs;imùl cum bracchio, proijce antror
sùm, retrorsùmve pilam; excedet illa, procurretque
quam in partem conjeceris. Re&longs;ume, & pilam ma
nu aperta tenens, nihil age ip&longs;e: &longs;ed e&longs;to alius, qui
manum, bracchiumve propellat; haud &longs;ecus excedet,
procurretque pila, ac priùs, dum ip&longs;am &longs;pontaneo
motu abijceres. Tene rursùs pilam aperta manu, &
nihil perinde age nec manu, nec bracchio; &longs;ed loco
alterius, qui propellat, e&longs;to ip&longs;um-met corpus tuum,
quod emotum paulò concitatiùs bracchium, manu
que transferat, parivelocitate, qua alius antè propul
&longs;arat; videbis rursùs pilam perinde excedere, pro
curreréque. Nimirùm corpus reliquum pro agente
externo e&longs;t, quod mouere manum, & bracchium,
corpore immoto, ob articulorum flexibilitatem po
te&longs;t. Iam, quia de his minùs dubitabis, hærebis ma
gis quid &longs;it euenturum, vbi extento bracchio, pilam
&longs;u&longs;tentatam duobus digitis ab&longs;que vlla vi, agitatio
néque manus propria, deambulando dimi&longs;eris. Id
experire itaque; & peruidebis pilam &longs;equi, procur
reréque in eandem partem, in quam ip&longs;e conce&longs;&longs;eris;
neque euenire vnquam, vt vel con&longs;tet, vel recurrat
in partem auer&longs;am. An-non proinde agno&longs;ces ha
bere pilam motum à manu, non quem ip&longs;i manus
motu poprio imprimat, &longs;ed quem imprimat motu
accepto à reliquo corpore; adeò vt cùm pila, quo
momento dimittitur, moueatur reip&longs;â,
nemque
&longs;tante, mota manus &longs;ola motum impre&longs;&longs;i&longs;&longs;et? En
verò, quod magis mirere. Con&longs;i&longs;te primùm in per
gulæ medio, & nunc antrorsùm, nunc retrorsum,
moderata vi pilam conijce: adeò vt ad certum v&longs;
que &longs;patium, quod notari po&longs;&longs;it, vtrímque excurrat. Incede deinde, & ab vna parte ad idem medium
perueniens (nec moueri proptereà codem tenore de
&longs;inens) pari vi pilam conijce. Videbis profectò pro
jectam antrorsùm excurrere longiùs, quam excur
rerit anteà; projectam verò retrorsùm, vel excur
rere breuiùs, vel con&longs;i&longs;tere, vel etiam te &longs;equi. Cau
&longs;a nempe e&longs;t, Quia cùm antrorsùm conijcis, dupli
cem illi imprimis vim; altera quippe e&longs;t manus pro
pria, & qualis anteà erat, cùm &longs;tares corpore immo
to; altera corporis ip&longs;ius, quâ eidem manui com
municatâ, efficitur, vt manus feratur antrorsùm ce
leriùs; quàm ip&longs;a &longs;ola, & reliquo corpore quie&longs;cente,
moueretur. Ex quo fit, vt pila accepto velociore
motu, moucatur velociùs, & procurrat vlteriùs. Cùm
proijcis verò retrorsùm, vides à manu non alium
motum, quàm ip&longs;ius proprium ver&longs;us eam partem
imprimi; nam qui motus e&longs;t à reliquo corpore, in
oppo&longs;itam tendit partem. Con&longs;ideranda e&longs;t ergo
manus cùm duplici motu, vno &longs;ibi proprio retror
sùm, altero ex corporis tran&longs;latione antrorsùm. Ex
hoc enim fit, primò, vt pila nunquam po&longs;&longs;it tantun
dem retrorsùm excurrere, ac excurrerat anteà; quo
niam licet manus motu proprio moueatur æqualiter;
non tantundem tamen promouetur retrorsùm, quòd Deinde fit, vt &longs;i proprius quidem fuerit velocior
tran&longs;latitio, tum pila non-nihil retrorsùm excurrat,
qua&longs;i manu aliquantò magis retrorsùm, quàm an
trorsùm promota. Sin æquè velox fuerit, tum pila
neque retrorsùm, neque antrorsùm excurrat, &longs;ed in
eodem loco con&longs;i&longs;tat, qua&longs;i in neutram partem pro
jecta, & ad perpendiculum cadens; quòd vno motu
alium compen&longs;ante, & neutro alterum &longs;uperante,
manus eo momento veluti immota cohæreat. Si
denique fuerit minùs velox; tum pila &longs;equatur, &
antror&longs;um, &longs;eu in eandem tecum partem decurrat,
qua&longs;i in illam magis acta motu tran&longs;latitio, quàm in
oppo&longs;itam proprio. Et vis ip&longs;e rem &longs;pectare jucun
diùs? Iube hæc peragi ab alio; tu verò in medio per
gulæ con&longs;i&longs;te è regione manus, qua ille pilam pro
ijciet. Tum illo ambulante, & antrorsùm, proijcien
te, videbis manum vlteriùs, quam quie&longs;cente pro
moueri, & pilam proinde majore impetu emitti, mo
uerique velociùs, & ferri vlteriùs. Proijciente au
tem retrorsùm, videbis manum nunc minus promo
ueri, &longs;icque pilam &longs;egniùs eijci: nunc tantundem, &longs;ic
que pilam ad perpendiculum cadere; nunc non mo
dò nihil promoueri, &longs;ed antrorsùm quoque magis
pertrahi; &longs;icque pilam virum ambulantem &longs;equi. Ad
moneo autem, vt ad alium, dum experitur, attendas:
quia dum ip&longs;emet experiris, adnotare minimè potes
velocitatis di&longs;crimina, ob motum tran&longs;latitium facta. Quippe, quia tuus oculus eodem &longs;imùl motu tran&longs;
fertur, ob&longs;eruare non pote&longs;t motum, quo manus &longs;i-
non motu, &longs;eu, quod idem e&longs;t, pro quietereputatut: at
tendit verò &longs;olùm ad motiones alias, quas manus in
tereà ob flexilitatem ex&longs;erere poteft. Ex quo capite e&longs;t,
vt pila antror&longs;ùm à te inter ambulandum projecta non
videatur ire velociùs, quàm proiecta inter quie&longs;cen
dum; quia videlicet quantum motus corporis totius
pilam promouet, tantundem etiam promouet Ill.
An Paradoxum heic interjiciam, occa&longs;ione experi
menti, quod ab i&longs;to loco alienum non &longs;it? Deambula
bracchiis pa&longs;&longs;is, liberéque pendentibus; ea pror&longs;ùm,
rur&longs;umque &longs;ponte mouebuntur; & vbi pa&longs;&longs;u tanti&longs;per
grandi, animatóque ince&longs;&longs;eris, tum &longs;en&longs;ibiliùs antè,
ac ponè, re&longs;pectu trunci corporis fient. Habe intereà
pilam ad manum, quam &longs;ine vlla contentione manus,
bracchiive dimittas; ac tum, &longs;i dimi&longs;eris quidem, dum
manus anteriùs contendet, non anterius modò moue
bitur, &longs;ed duplò etiam celeriùs mouebitur, quàm cor
poris truncus. Sin dum manus po&longs;teriùs fiet, neutram
in partem mouebitur, &longs;ed ad perpendiculum &longs;emper
cadet. Id mirabile: &longs;ed nihilominùs Paradoxum penes
cau&longs;am e&longs;t, quæ videbitur tibimirabilior. An non p
tas enim bracchia ire, ac redire, & manus extremas, vt
aliquod &longs;patium antror&longs;ùm conficiunt, ita retror&longs;ùm
conficere? Et dico tamen, Bracchia numquam redire,
flective retror&longs;ùm: ac manus extremas, quanto tempo
re videntur &longs;patium retrò conficere, tanto con&longs;i&longs;tere
immotas. Admirationem vt eximam, velim primùm
vt deambulando incedas iuxta parietem, quem &longs;ecun-
medij digiti) qua&longs;i præter cadens leuiter contingat. Per&longs;enties enim manum quidem antror&longs;ùm exporrigi:
&longs;ed non tamen ex eo puncto, in quod de&longs;inet exporre
ctio, manum retror&longs;ùm fieri; quin potiùs in eo quie&longs;
cere, ex&longs;pectaréque donec tur&longs;ùs exporrigatur antror
&longs;ùm. Agno&longs;oes' & bracchium ab extrema manu ad
&longs;capulam v&longs;que, po&longs;tquam exporrecta manus fuerit,
non retror&longs;ùm agi, &longs;ed extrema manu firmata, & qua
&longs;i centro facta, promoueri antror&longs;ùm in&longs;tar radij, cuius
extremum, & qua&longs;i pars circumferentiæ &longs;it &longs;capula,
quæ cùm &longs;it manu po&longs;terior prouehetur &longs;en&longs;im, quo
v&longs;que illi ad perpendiculum fiat, & vlteriùs prouecta
anterior euadat. Ac ni&longs;i tu quidem id po&longs;&longs;is &longs;atis ani
maduertere, iube alium id experiti, tuque intereà eius
manum, bracchium, &longs;capulamque re&longs;pecta; & manife
&longs;ta tibi res fiet; &longs;imúlque perno&longs;ces etiam incedentem
in aëre medio extremum digitum firmare, & &longs;uper co
qua&longs;i centro bracchium, &longs;capulamque circumducere. Velim prætereà vt attendas e&longs;&longs;e nobïs bracchia in&longs;tar
crurum anteriorum; adeò vt, quemadmodum quadru
pedes decu&longs;&longs;atìm incedunt, hoc e&longs;t &longs;imùl promouendo
priorem &longs;ini&longs;trum cum po&longs;teriore dextro; ita nos &longs;pon
te, ni&longs;i potiùs nece&longs;&longs;itate quadam naturæ, promouere
&longs;imùl dextram manum cum pede fini&longs;tro, & ma
num &longs;ini&longs;tram cum pede dextro, nec po&longs;&longs;e &longs;ecus face
re, quandocúmque manus liberè dependent. Id nem
pe vbi ob&longs;etuâris, facile erit attendere, Quemadmo
dum quo tempore pes &longs;ini&longs;ter transfertur, & è po&longs;tico
&longs;pectat hærendo terræ, donec ille è terra &longs;ublatus, ter
ram denuò contigerit; ita profectò &longs;ini&longs;tram manum,
quæ dextrum pedem imitatur, tempore eodem non re
gredi, &longs;ed ex&longs;pectare, hærerequein aëre medio,
manus dextera cum &longs;ini&longs;tro pede quietem a&longs;&longs;equatur. Et con&longs;equenter, Quemadmodum dextro pede con&longs;i
&longs;tente, factoque vt centro, ip&longs;um crus dextrum ad v&longs;
que coxendicem non retror&longs;ùm abducitur, &longs;ed &longs;en&longs;im
in&longs;tar radij, ex &longs;itu po&longs;tico anticum acquirit; ita planè
bracchio &longs;ini&longs;tro, quod exqui&longs;itè pedem dextrum imi
tatur, contingere. Quo loco meditare quæ&longs;o admira
bile artificium. Videlicet pes, & coxendix duo quædam
alternis &longs;unt centra, quæ alternatim quoque duos arcus,
&longs;eu circumferentiæ portiones, eodem &longs;emper crure, vt
radio communi intercedente, de&longs;cribant. Et quia ni
hilominùs coxendice non eleuata, dum pro centro e&longs;t,
pes arcum de&longs;cribens pro&longs;cindere terram non potuit;
ideò medium crus fuit articulatum; vt flexurâ ad genu,
&longs;eu poplitem factâ, pes de&longs;criberet arcum &longs;upra terram. Quemadmodùm etiam, quia pede non depre&longs;&longs;o co
xendix arcum de&longs;criptura, fui&longs;&longs;et nimiùm attollenda;
corpori&longs;que truncus nimiùm &longs;ubuehendus, &longs;i crusto
tum rigidum fui&longs;&longs;et; idcircò flexura eadem interce&longs;&longs;it,
quæ temperaret huiu&longs;modi arcum: facto intereà eodem
genu nunc centro, nunc extremo radio arcus &longs;uos, re&longs;
pectu tam tibiæ, quàm femoris, &longs;eu dum flectitur, &longs;eu
dum tenditur, de&longs;cribente. Meditare etiam motus æ
quabilitatem, qua corporis truncus intereâ incedit, &
ad quam aliunde tam prolixitas, quàm flexilitas pedum
& priu&longs;quàm tota planta &longs;en&longs;im &longs;uccedat, digiti al
terius (plantâ reliquâ iam elatâ) è terra attolluntur,
&longs;icque, ab&longs;que interruptione, trunci corporis motus
continuatur. Tamet&longs;i notandum e&longs;t truncum non
promoueri ab eo pede, qui elatus e&longs;t, proceditque
per aërem; &longs;ed ab eo, qui terræ inhæret, & &longs;upra
quem crus deferens truncum euoluitur. Intelliges
enim ex his, quia corporis truncus æquabiliter in
cedit, & pedes alternatìm dimidio temporis ince
dunt, dimidio quie&longs;cunt: ideò debere motum pe
dum e&longs;&longs;e motu trunci duplò velociorem; & parteis
crurum reliquas tantò moueri tardiùs, quàm pedes,
quantò accedunt propiús ad coxendices, quæ non
majore feruntur velocitate, quàm truncus. Intelliges
etiam con&longs;equenter manus, dimidio quoque tempo
ris quie&longs;centeis, & reliquo dimidio pror&longs;ùm expor
rectas, moueri duplò velociùs trunco: & parteis brac
chij reliquas tantò moueri lentiùs, quantò magis ad
&longs;capulas &longs;imùl cum trunco motas accedunt. Intelli
ges denique ob quam cau&longs;am fiat, quod initio dixi,
pilam dimi&longs;&longs;am, quando manus antror&longs;um exporri
gitur, duplò velociùs moueri, quàm truncum; &
dimi&longs;&longs;am quo tempore manus retrorsùm ire apparet,
ad perpendiculum &longs;emper cadere. Nimirùm, quia
priore ca&longs;u motum con&longs;equitur à manu duplò ve
lociùs, quàm truncus tran&longs;lata; & po&longs;teriore, nul
lum habet à manu (&longs;c, icet immota, con&longs;i&longs;tentéque)
impre&longs;&longs;um.
IV.
Iam cùm hæc ita &longs;e&longs;e habeant, facilè cau&longs;am
ram, experimentorum. Ea &longs;anè &longs;unt, quæ ip&longs;e quo
que maxima ex parte peragere facillimè po&longs;&longs;is. Vi
delicet, cùm aliquando curru extra vrbem vehèris,
manum extra currum protende, & auriga ju&longs;&longs;o in
&longs;tigare equos, laxaréque habenas, proijce pilam di
rectè &longs;ur&longs;um quantacúmque voles, aut poteris vi; &
illa haud-dubiè recidet in manum. Cur recidat au
tem, tibi explicabit, &longs;i quem ju&longs;&longs;eris extra currum,
ac in via con&longs;i&longs;tere è regione tui, dum proijcies pi
lam. Ille enim videbit pilam non directè &longs;ur&longs;um ten
dere, neque ad perpendiculum deinceps recidere;
&longs;ed videbit illam tendere obliquè, & qua&longs;i arcum,
&longs;eu lineam curuam in aëre de&longs;eribere, cuius vnum
extremum &longs;it qua parte pilam proijcies, alterum qua
recipies pilam. Quod autem tibi ip&longs;i pila videatur
&longs;emper directè &longs;ursùm, & &longs;ecundum idem perpen
diculum imminens; cau&longs;a e&longs;t, quia quantùm illa an
trorsùm procedit, deflexum iter peragens, tantun
dem tu quoque antrorsùm proucheris, adeò vt illi
&longs;emper &longs;ubijciaris, ip&longs;aque e&longs;&longs;e &longs;emper appareat in
eodem perpendiculo. Cau&longs;a verò cur motus pilæ à
rectitudine deflectatur, & curuam &longs;equatur, de&longs;cri
batve lineam, illius compo&longs;itio e&longs;t, quatenus ex
duplici vi motrice originem habet. Nam &longs;i pila non
projecta &longs;ursùm detineretur &longs;olùm in manu, pro
moueretur &longs;olùm antrorsùm, videlicet ad motum
currus, ac lineam rectam de&longs;criberet: &longs;i verò quie&longs;
cente curru proijceretur directè &longs;ursùm, tunc non
ni&longs;i &longs;ursùm, deorsùmque moueretur, ac rectam rur-
quæ ip&longs;a intereà mouetur antrorsùm, efficitur, vt
manus neque omninô &longs;ursùm, neque omninô antror
sùm proijciat (videlicet motus antrorsùm, quo ab
ripitur, deflectit illam à motu &longs;ursùm, quo per &longs;e
moueretur) &longs;ed inter vtrumque, &longs;eu obliquè proijciat;
&longs;icque projecta pila curuam lineam nece&longs;&longs;ariò de&longs;cri
bat, cuius dimidium a&longs;cendendo, & dimidium de&longs;
cendendo perficiatur. Et vis id pleniùs cogno&longs;cere?
Iube currum con&longs;i&longs;tere, proijce pilam &longs;ursùm, &,
&longs;igno priùs aurigæ dato, excedat currus, quam pri
mùm projeceris; non recidet illa profectò in manum,
&longs;ed longè à curru locum prætervecto; illeque idem,
qui è regione tui con&longs;titerit, de&longs;cribentem videbit,
non arcum, &longs;ed rectam, perpendicularemque li
neam, propter motum &longs;ursùm &longs;implicem, incom
po&longs;itumque, & qui &longs;olius manus fuit proprius, ip&longs;o
curru nihil conferente. Profer deinde caput extra
currum, & de&longs;ignato in parte currus inferiore puncto
aliquo, quod in eadem linea perpendiculari cum
oculo tuo &longs;it; ac tum, tran&longs;lato citati&longs;&longs;imè curru,
admoue pilam ad oculum, ip&longs;amque nulla facta vi
à manu dimitte; videbis pilam decidere &longs;ecundum il
lam lineam, atque idcircô ca&longs;us ille apparebit tibi
perpendicularis. Non perinde porrô apparebit illi,
qui extra currum fuerit, & ad ca&longs;um attenderit: ob
&longs;eruabit &longs;cilicet pilam qua&longs;i &longs;emi-arcum, &longs;eu curuam
lineam de&longs;cribere: quoniam quamuis manus non
imprimat illi motum &longs;ibi proprium, imprimit tamen
motum, quem habet à curru, adeó vt præter mo-
ratur etiam antrorsùm eodem motu, quo ip&longs;e currus;
& quia tuus oculus intereà tantundem quoque an
trorsùm fertur, inde fit, vt pila continuò ip&longs;i &longs;ub
jecta oculo, perpendiculariter moueri videatur. Lo
co verò pilæ v&longs;urpa lapillos; & curru nunc lentè,
nunc concitatè, & quomodocúmque voles, feratur,
idem &longs;emper videbitur. Proijce po&longs;teà pilam antror
sùm; illa tantundem à te di&longs;cedet, tamque procùl à
te in terram cadet, ac &longs;i ip&longs;e quie&longs;ceres, eodem mo
do, & eadem ex cau&longs;a, quam de pila projecta intra
pergulam dixi. Di&longs;crimen e&longs;t &longs;olum, quòd corpus,
cui cohæret manus, intra pergulam moueatur per &longs;e;
in via moueatur à curru. Nec &longs;pera, vt manus pilam
a&longs;&longs;equatur, projectam licet remi&longs;&longs;a vi: Nam &longs;i alius
quidem extra currum quie&longs;cens eadem vi proijceret,
po&longs;&longs;es a&longs;&longs;equi, obimpre&longs;&longs;am folùm propriam eius vim;
at dum tu proijcis, præter vim propriam, imprimis
etiam vim currus, cau&longs;am videlicet majoris illius ve
locitatis, ob quam pilate &longs;emper tantum &longs;ugit, quan
tum eam ip&longs;e pro&longs;equeris. Proijce deinde retrorsùm;
& eadem, eodemque modo, ac ob ea&longs;dem cau&longs;as
euenient, quas diximus antè, circa projectionem in
tra pergulam. Proijce denique in latus, & ad rectum
quidem cum latere currus angulum: Proijce etiam
ad obliquum, & ad quemcúmque volueris; abeun
tem &longs;emper pilam videbis per lineam, quæ ad finem
v&longs;que, eundem &longs;eu rectum, &longs;eu obliquum cum latere
currus angulum con&longs;tituat. Illud autem erit ob&longs;erua
tu jucundum, quòd, &longs;i ad lapidem, arborem, aliquid-
&longs;emper à &longs;copo &longs;is aberraturus. Nempe, quia dum ma
nus eò connittitur, transfertur intereà à curru ver
&longs;us anteriora; vt proinde pila, aut lapis tantundem à
&longs;copo antror&longs;ùm feriat, quantùm promotus interà
currus à momento v&longs;que proiectionis fuerit. Secùs
autem e&longs;&longs;et, &longs;i fortè ade&longs;&longs;et currus alius, qui è re
gione, ac pari velocitate cum tuo transferretur; tunc
enim, facto in illo &longs;copo, directè in ip&longs;um pila tende
ret, quia &longs;copus tantundem, quantum tua manus
promoueretur antror&longs;ùm. Ex quo fiet, vt &longs;i collu
dendo, coniicere pilam in famulum velis, qui aliquan
tò procul extra currum &longs;it, illum quidem &longs;is præ
tergre&longs;&longs;urus, &longs;i quieuerit; at &longs;i pari velocitate, qua
currus ince&longs;&longs;erit, &longs;is omninô a&longs;&longs;equuturus. Quod &longs;i
fortè non curru, &longs;ed equo veharis, & experimenta
eadem velis facere: eadem omninô, ac ii&longs;dem om
ninô de cau&longs;is contingent. Adnoto &longs;olùm, &longs;i pilam,
aut lapidem directè &longs;ur&longs;ùm proieceris, & ab illius re
ditu, &longs;iue ca&longs;u timueris, non eodem tenore &longs;tatìm à
jactuincedendum e&longs;&longs;e: &longs;ed vel
cadat, vel &longs;egniùs, vt anteriùs: Nam alioquin eodem
tenore, vt vbique eris &longs;ubiectus, ita ictum nu&longs;quàm
euades. Quod &longs;i &longs;ur&longs;um quidem, &longs;ed cum tantilla ta
men antror&longs;ùm obliquitate proieceris, non erit cur à
ca&longs;u timeas: quia, vt te quie&longs;cente pila &longs;ic projecta
non recideret inte, ita non recidet te tran&longs;lato; quo
niam vis à motu equi impre&longs;&longs;a efficiet, vt quantum
tu &longs;ucce&longs;&longs;eris, tantundem illa &longs;emper antecedat.
V.
Re&longs;tant experimenta peracta in naui; &longs;ed cau&longs;as
Potes verò
& illa ip&longs;e haud incommodè ex&longs;equi, &longs;i quando &longs;u
pra Sequanam lembo ex&longs;patiari per æ&longs;tatem lubeat. Quippe vbi &longs;ecundò fluuio etiam remiges adhibiti
erunt, ita vt lembus quanta fieri poterit celeritate fe
ratur, experiere, vbi lapillos directè &longs;ursùm pro
ieceris, &longs;i ex puppi quidem, reca&longs;uros in puppin, &longs;i
ex prora, in proram, &longs;i ex medio lembo, in medium:
&longs;icque tamet&longs;i de&longs;tituare malo, ex erecto cuius &longs;itu
de apparente proiectionis rectitudine iudices; facilè
tamen capies, &longs;i malus e&longs;&longs;et in medio erectus ad al
titudinem iactus, fore vt lapillus &longs;ecundum illum,
tam a&longs;cendendo, quam de&longs;cendendo moueretur;
quoniam ex quo loco e&longs;&longs;et iactus, in eundem ca&longs;us
fieret. Porrô, &longs;icuti dictum e&longs;t de pila è curru pro
iecta, apparebit quidem tibi lapis &longs;ursùm ferri: ap
parebit & omnibus, qui in eodem nauigio erunt, re&longs;
pectabuntque lapidem: at &longs;i quis intereà in ripa,
nauigiove alio quie&longs;cente, è regione tui, lapidi&longs;que
con&longs;titerit, is ob&longs;eruabit lapidem de&longs;cribere in aëre
&longs;peciem curuæ lineæ, cuius crus vnum incipiat ex
aëris loco vnde iactus fiet, aliud in illum de&longs;inat,
in quem erit ca&longs;us. Id nempe ob compo&longs;itum mo
tum, alterum manus proprium, qui &longs;ur&longs;um, alterum
nauigii, qui prorsùm; adeò vt mixtus ex vtroque,
&longs;eu obliquus fiat, cuius quicquid e&longs;t &longs;ur&longs;um, à manu
&longs;it, quicquid pror&longs;um, à nauigio. Heinc iam, vt
opinor, miraculum ce&longs;&longs;at, quod dixi fui&longs;&longs;e habitum,
cum illi ad lapidem attenderent, qui ex pede mali,
& &longs;ecundum eius altitudinem proiectus, neque ex-
ræ attingeretur ab illo Siquidem tamet&longs;i lapis tam
a&longs;cendendo, quàm ex&longs;cendendo appareret &longs;emper in
codem perpen diculo, quia ver&longs;abatur &longs;emper in linea
crecto malo parallela; reucrâ tamen non mouebatut
per rectam, &longs;ea perpen liculatem lineam, &longs;ed de&longs;cri. bebat potiùs curuam, quam animaduetti&longs;&longs;et, &longs;i quis
ex triremi non longè quie&longs;cente lapidem &longs;pecta&longs;&longs;et. Vidi&longs;&longs;et enim malum progtedientem, & lapidem ex
parte puppis continuò illum a&longs;&longs;ectantem, ex parte
proræ antecedentem; adeò vt neque ex parte puppis
à malo de&longs;ereretur, quia quantum malus ab&longs;cederet,
tantundem illi in&longs;i&longs;teret: neque ex parte proræ attin
geretur à malo, quia quantum malus accederet, tan
tundem illi prægrederetur. Imaginare po&longs;teà virum,
qui exporrecta manu è vertice mali demittebat, &longs;eu
&longs;inebat decidere lapidem: apparebat quidem lapis ad
perpendiculum cadere tam ip&longs;i, quàm omnibus nobis,
qui vehebamur eadem triremi: at &longs;i &longs;ui&longs;&longs;et ex illa alia,
de qua diximus, quie&longs;cente &longs;pectatus, apparuï&longs;&longs;et de&longs;
cribere expo&longs;itæ curuæ dimidium, eaque ratione ma
lum &longs;emper, heinc &longs;equi, illeinc præcedere, vt malus nec
de&longs;erere, nec attingere illum po&longs;&longs;et. Cau&longs;a porrô no
ta iam e&longs;t: &longs;iquidem manus lapidem tenens non impri
mebat quidem motum &longs;ibi proprium, &longs;ed impri
mebat tamen motum quem, habebat à malo, ip&longs;ique
erat cum tota naui communis; ex quo efficiebatur, vt
manus &longs;ita ver&longs;us puppin adduceret lapidem ver&longs;us
malum, & &longs;ita ad proram abduceret à malo; &longs;icque
lapis è manu excedens illcinc quidem proijceretur
verò proijceretur à malo, ip&longs;umque antecederet; &
vtrimvis (præter motum deor&longs;ùm, qui à grauitate
propria erat) haberet motum in anteriora, &longs;eu quo
triremis ferebatur. Neque e&longs;t iam mirum, &longs;i o mni
bus nobis, qui in eadem triremi eramus, apparebat
motus perpendicularis; quippe ob&longs;eruabilis nobis
&longs;olùm erat motus lapidis deorsùm; nam ille qui
dem ad anteriora ob&longs;eruari non poterat, quoniam
erat nobis communis cùm lapide, & quantùm lapis
promouebatur, tantundem oculus ex&longs;i&longs;tens ex parte
puppis &longs;uccedebat, ex parte proræ antecedebat. Poteris deinde in eodem tuo lembo pari vi pilam
proijcere ex puppi ad proram, & ex prora ad pup
pim, ob&longs;eruaréque par &longs;patium projectione vtràque
peruadi. Quod idem erit; poteris &longs;tans ip&longs;e ad pup
pim cùm &longs;tante ad proram &longs;ic colludere, vt ob&longs;er
uaturus &longs;is pilam pari vi vtrimque projectam æquis
omninô &longs;patijs, ac temporibus ad vtrumque perue
nire. Et videretur &longs;anè non debere; nam ex quo mo
mento pilam projeci&longs;ti, diffugit &longs;ocius, atque adeò
pila ad eum peruentura percurrere &longs;patium longè
amplius, & prolixiore tempore debet; ex quo verò
&longs;ocius projecit, occurris tu, atque adeò pila percur
rere debet longè breuius, contra ctioréque tempore:
& vnde hoc tamen vt pila ad vtrum que perinde per
ueniat? Sed videlicet cau&longs;a e&longs;t, quia licet motus
manus tuæ proprius æqualis &longs;it motui manus &longs;ocij
proprio; tua tamen manus motui&longs;ibi proprio adjun
ctum habet motum lembi, &longs;icque pilam proijciens
nus verò &longs;ocij detractum habet à motu proprio mo
tum ciu&longs;dem lembi; &longs;icque pilam proijciens demi
nuta vi, imprimit illi motum tardiorem: propor
tioque huiu&longs;modi e&longs;t, vt quantùm tibi lembus ad
ijcit, tantum illi detrahat; & quantùm ille ab&longs;cedit,
tantò pila feratur à te ad illum velociùs; quantùm tu
accedis, tantò pila feratur ab illo ad te &longs;egniùs. Ex
quo fit proinde, vt compen&longs;atione motus lembi fa
cta, qui vtrique ve&longs;trum, & pilæ à vobis projectæ
communis e&longs;t; remaneat vtrimque &longs;olus motus ma
nus vtriu&longs;que proprius, qui, cùm &longs;it vtrimque ab
æquali vi, idcircô ex æquo ad vtrumque fiat. Nihil
e&longs;t nece&longs;&longs;e admoneam idem euenturum, &longs;i vterque
&longs;iti obliquè, vel è regione laterali aliquid proic
ceritis; nam cau&longs;a &longs;emper eadem e&longs;t, con&longs;tatque mo
tu communi detracto, cætera perinde peragi, lembo
&longs;eu moto, &longs;eu quie&longs;cente. Et loci quidem angu&longs;tia,
&longs;eu brcue laterum lembi inter&longs;titium non patietur
fortè hæc adeò di&longs;ertè experiri, ac intra triremim
nobis licuit; Sed e&longs;to lembus alius, qui pari veloci
tate, & ad latus ve&longs;trum &longs;eu propè, &longs;eu procùl mo
neatur; eadem prorsùs euenient, licebit que tibi cùm
alio ex&longs;i&longs;tente procùl in alio lembo perinde pila col
ludere, ac &longs;i in terra quie&longs;ceretis. Secùs &longs;anè, &longs;i ille
vel quie&longs;ceret, vel moueretur celeriùs, tardiu&longs;ve;
ita enim aberraretur vtrimque à &longs;copo, eadem ra
tione, qua dictum e&longs;t de proiiciente quidpiam ex
curru. Ex quo adiicio obiter, vt intra lembum tuum
re&longs;piciens illius motum non ob&longs;eruas, quòd oculus
lam diuer&longs;itatem, locive mutationem ob&longs;eruare in
illo potes, quatenùs nihil in ip&longs;o e&longs;t, quod eiu&longs;dem
motus particeps non &longs;it; ita re&longs;piciendo in lembum
alium pari velocitate, & è regione tui tran&longs;latum, non
iri ob&longs;eruatum à te eius motum, quia vterque mo
tus ob æqualitatem pro eodem habetur, quatenùs
oculus vnà tran&longs;latus eandem &longs;emper di&longs;tantiam, nul
lamque &longs;itus mutationem, diuer&longs;itatemve attendit. Hac ratione fiet, vt &longs;i lembus ille te procedente
quie&longs;cat, tu tamen illum moueri credas, tuum verò
quie&longs;cere; quia oculus cùm tuo tran&longs;latus, motum
ip&longs;ius ob&longs;eruare non pote&longs;t; intereà verò diuer&longs;ita
tem in &longs;itu alterius attendit; quare & moueri illum
iudicat (loquor vulgari modo de iudicio &longs;en&longs;us.)
Quòd &longs;i ille ex aduer&longs;o tibi occurrat, & pari veloci
tate cum tuo moueatur; tum ip&longs;e videbere &longs;emper
cum tuo quie&longs;cere, ille verò apparebit ferri duplò
velociùs, quàm reuerâ feratur; quia nempe præter
motum illius, oculus tuus affingit ip&longs;i motum tui pro
ptium; quandò apparet oculo perinde loca commu
tare, ac &longs;i te quie&longs;cente moueretur duplò velociùs,
quàm moueatur reip&longs;a. Ex hoc demùm capite e&longs;t,
cur accedentibus ad portum, videatur portus ad nos
immotos accedere: cur dum portu prouehimur, ter
ræque, vrbe&longs;que recedere videantur; cur dum ripam,
littus, immotaque alia prætergredimur, illa videan
tur prætergredi, nobis qua&longs;i immotis: neque i&longs;ta mo
dò euenire deprehendantur ex lembo, aut quovis
alio nauigio: &longs;ed etiam ex curru aut quacúmque re, Sed hæc obiter
memorata &longs;unto.
VI.
Redco ad experimenta, ac illa poti&longs;&longs;imùm,
quæ peracta &longs;unt circa malum: quippe ea eiu&longs;modi
&longs;unt, ex quibus, quantùm fieri pote&longs;t, inue&longs;tigare
liceat, ni&longs;i germanam, at qualemcúmque motus non
&longs;olùm proiectorij, &longs;ed etiam naturalis cau&longs;am. Nem
pe vi&longs;um &longs;emper mirabile e&longs;t, cur lapis &longs;pontis &longs;uæ
factus, tum per aërem decidat, naturali impetu; tum
in principio tardius, in fine velociùs prorumpat:
idemque violenter adactus, tum impre&longs;&longs;o impetu &longs;ur
sùm efferatur, tum in principio velociùs, & in fine
tardius emergat. Cæterùm, duo quæ dam præmit
tenda &longs;unt, quæ inter alia benè multa magno Galileo
debentur. Vnum; corpus &longs;uopte decidens motu ea
ratione accelerari, vt temporibus æqualibus maiora
&longs;emper &longs;patia peruadat, iuxta proportionem, quàm
habent numeri impares inter &longs;e, initio &longs;umpto ab vni
tate. Hoc e&longs;t; &longs;i lapis ex.
gr.
è præcel&longs;a turri dimi&longs;&longs;us
intra vnum arteriæ pul&longs;um vnam orgyiam decidat,
fore vt intra &longs;ecundum decidat treis, intra tertium
quinque, intra quartum &longs;eptem, intra quintum no
uem. Et quia aggregando, vt in fine primi pul&longs;us
peracta e&longs;t vna orgyia, ita in fine &longs;ecundi peractæ
&longs;unt quatuor, in fine tertij nouem, in fine quarti &longs;ex
decim, in fine quinti viginti-quinque, qui numeri
quadrati &longs;unt, vt Arithmetici appellant; heic fieri, vt
&longs;patia quibu&longs;cúm que temporibus peracta, &longs;int inter &longs;e
in duplicata ratione &longs;uorum
dem temporum quadrata) veluti Geometræ loquun-Alterum; viam &longs;iue lineam, quam imaginamur
de&longs;cribi in aëre à corpore obliquè projecto, quam
que notum e&longs;t e&longs;&longs;e curuam, non e&longs;&longs;e circularem (&longs;eu
qualis e&longs;t arcus, portiove circuli) &longs;ed parabolicam,
vt Geometræ vocant, id e&longs;t, qualem imaginabere,
&longs;i concipias conum, turbinemve, ita obliquè ver&longs;us
ba&longs;in re&longs;ecari vt &longs;ectio parallela fiat lateri oppo&longs;ito,
integróque relicto. Cùm enim area re&longs;egmenti appel
letur parabola, ambitus illius e&longs;t linea, quam parabo
licam appellant. Attende autem ad &longs;equentem fi
guram; ex ea &longs;iquidem non modò
cedentiumNam pri
mùm quidem, e&longs;to A B altitudo turris 25. orgyia
rum; vel mali nauis quie&longs;centis 25. &longs;emi-orgyia
rum: Et lapis cadens ex B perueniat ad A intra
quinque pul&longs;us delectæ arteriæ is, iuxta iam-dicta,
intra primum pul&longs;um perueniet ad C, intra &longs;ecundum
ad D, intra tertium ad E, intra quartum ad F, in
tra quintum ad A. Deinde ex G, proijciatur lapis
obliquè, ita vt perueniat ad B, vnde recidere incipiens
perueniat denique in H; is de&longs;cribet in aëre curuam
illam lineam GIKLMBNOPQH, quam mox di
cebamus e&longs;&longs;e parabolicam. Po&longs;t-modum, non loqua
mur ampliùs de turri, &longs;ed &longs;olùm de malo; neque de
malo quie&longs;cente, &longs;ed de moto, &longs;iue tran&longs;lato ad mo
tum nauis, cui e&longs;t implantatus; ac e&longs;to planities, &longs;u
perficie&longs;ve maris, per quam nauis fertur, &longs;ecundum
lineam GH, &longs;upponamu&longs;que malum e&longs;&longs;e GR, cùm
lapis ex G proijcitur &longs;ursùm directè in R, & eadem
quidem vi, qua peruenire po&longs;&longs;et præcisè ad R. quie&longs;-
promoucatur
nauis, adeò
vt intra vnum
momentum,
&longs;eu
teriæ malus
&longs;it factus ST;
tum quia la
pis non de&longs;e
rit malum, ne
que ab illo
de&longs;eritur; erit
iuxta malum
in I directè
imminens pe
di mali, &longs;iue
proximæ na
uis parti è qua
e&longs;t facta pro
jectio. promo
ueatur rursùs
nauis &longs;ecun
do momento, & malus &longs;it VX; erit lapis pari, qua
antè ratione, in K. Promoueatur tertio momento,
& malus &longs;it YZ: erit lapis in L. Promoueatur quarto,
& &longs;it malus a, b; erit lapis in M. Promoueatur quin
to, & &longs;it malus AB; erit lapis in B; Ex quo v&longs;que
tendere deorsùm, cadereve incipiet; adeò vt cùm
ce&longs;&longs;iuè cd, ef, gh, 1K, Hl; lapis &longs;it etiam futurus
&longs;ucce&longs;&longs;iuè in N, O, P, Q, ac tandem in H.
VII.
Iam elicio
de&longs;cribit lapis, apparere quidem iis, qui in naui &longs;unt,
e&longs;&longs;e rectam, perpendicularemque, hoc e&longs;t directam
&longs;ecundum longitudinem, erectionemque mali GR,
vel ST, vel VX, &c. cùm nempe ab eo lapis non di&longs;
cedat: &longs;ed e&longs;&longs;e tamen reip&longs;â curuam, parabolicamve,
& qualis planè de&longs;criberetur, &longs;i quie&longs;cente naui, &
malo ex&longs;i&longs;tente AB lapis proijceretur obliquè ex G,
ver&longs;us B, decideretque in H. Nec te moretur, quòd
linea curua GB &longs;it longior, quàm linea recta GR, ac
major proinde virtus requiratur ad proijciendum ex
G in B, quàm ex G in R, vel, quod e&longs;t idem, ex A in
B. Nam licet naui quie&longs;cente pro; ector majorem ap
plicet virtutem, vt ex G proiiciat in B, quàm vt ex A
proiiciat in idem B; non requiritur tamen, vt naui mo
ta, maiorem ex &longs;e applicet, ad ita proiiciendum, vt
lapis ex G perueniat ad locum B, quàm requiratur vt
ex G lapis perueniat ad R (quò ver&longs;us proiectio fit)
vel ex A ad ip&longs;um B: quoniam quod de e&longs;t applicitæ à
proiectore virtuti propriæ, vt lapis ex G perueniat ad
B, id &longs;uppletur vi tran&longs;latitia adiecta à naui: adeò vt,
cùm lapidis motus &longs;it compo&longs;itus ex motu &longs;ursùm, &
motu prorsùm, &longs;eu ex perpendiculari, & horizontali;
ip&longs;a quoque vis proiectionis ita &longs;it compo&longs;ita ex vi
proijcientis propria, & ex vi impre&longs;&longs;a à naui, vt quic
quid e&longs;t motus &longs;ursùm à priore &longs;it, quicquid motus
prorsùm à po&longs;teriore; &longs;icque vis adiecta à naui, dum
te, vis proiiciens ex G in B, e&longs;t maior vi proiiciente ex
A in B.
Elicio
titur, de&longs;cribere quidem ad ip&longs;um &longs;en&longs;um omnibus,
qui in naui &longs;unt, perpendicularem lineam; &longs;ed de&longs;
cribere tamen reuerâ &longs;emi-parabolicam, qualis nem
pe e&longs;t BNOPQH. Ratio autem apparet ex dictis.
Neque pote&longs;t morarite, quòd ad motum perpendi
cularem nulla requiratur à proiiciente vis, grauita&longs;
que &longs;ola lapidis &longs;ufficiat; ad motum verò illum &longs;emi
parabolicum requiratur haud-dubiè. Siquidem con
&longs;tat, nullam quidem vim projectoris propriam lapidi
imprimi, &longs;eu quie&longs;cat, &longs;eu moueatur malus; &longs;ed im
primi tamen, dum nauis mouetur, tran&longs;latitiam, &longs;eu
qui ab ip&longs;a naui &longs;it; adeò vt cùm motus ille &longs;it com
po&longs;itus ex perpendiculari, & horizontali, quicquid
e&longs;t in eo perpendicularis, à grauitate lapidis &longs;it; quic
quid horizontalis, à vi, &longs;eu à motu ip&longs;ius nauis.
Elicio
proiecto &longs;ur&longs;um, quàm in dimi&longs;&longs;o deor&longs;ùm de&longs;truere
alteram, illamve imminüere; &longs;ed deflectere dunta
xat; adeò vt lapis neque minùs &longs;ursùm, neque minùs
pror&longs;ùm tendat, quàm &longs;i viribus &longs;eparatis, alterâ
&longs;ursùm proijceretur, altera pror&longs;ùm propelleretur:
&longs;ed impediatur duntaxat rectitudo lineæ, quam ha
berent &longs;eor&longs;im perpendicularis, & horizontalis,
componaturque linea, quæ &longs;it quidem breuior per
pendiculari, & horizontali, &longs;i &longs;eor&longs;im de&longs;criptæ &longs;imùl
breuius quidem e&longs;t temporibus &longs;eor&longs;im &longs;umptis; &longs;ed
illis tamen æquiualet, propter coniunctas in eo
dem mobili velocitates.
Elicio
æquale tempori, quo de&longs;cendit. Quippe cùm ma
lus æquali cur&longs;u progrediatur, &longs;eu æqualibus tempo
ribus æqualia &longs;patia conficiat; & lapis non magis in
a&longs;cen&longs;u, quàm in ex&longs;cen&longs;u illum de&longs;erat, aut ad eum
accedat, &longs;ed perinde &longs;emper re&longs;pectu illius &longs;e habeat:
nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t tantundem temporis in a&longs;cen&longs;u, quantùm
in ex&longs;cen&longs;u con&longs;umi; &longs;icque lapidem nec &longs;egniùs,
nec tardiùs ex G peruenire ad B, quàm ex B peruenit
ad H. Nempe vt &longs;patium ex G in A, quod pes mali
peruadit a&longs;cendente lapide, æquale e&longs;t &longs;patio ex A
in H, quod idem peruadit lapide de&longs;cendente.
Elicio
tione reciprocè accepta a&longs;cendendo decre&longs;cere, qua
de&longs;cendendo incre&longs;cit; ita vt tam initio a&longs;
quàm in fine de&longs;cen&longs;us &longs;it maxima; in fine a
& initio de&longs;cen&longs;us, minima, & in mediis proportione
&longs;patiis, medio proportione modo &longs;e habeat. Quippe,
cùm in ea proportione, qua lapis de&longs;cendit, &longs;it in ea
dem &longs;emper di&longs;tantia à malo, con&longs;tat: &longs;i malo ea
dem æquabilitate tran&longs;lato, dum lapis a&longs;cendit, ip&longs;e
lapis non tueretur proportionem expo&longs;itam, adeò
vt celerius, aut tardiùs moueretur alicubi in pari al
titudine; con&longs;tat, inquam, fore vt lapis non eandem
&longs;imiliter tueretur di&longs;tantiam, &longs;ed magis ad malum ac
cederet, vel ab illo de&longs;ereretur, quod tamen non Ex quo &longs;equitur, vt quemadmodum in primo
momento de&longs;cen&longs;us peruenit ex B ad N, ita in vltimo
a&longs;cen&longs;us perueniat ad B ex M, paris altitudinis cum N. Et quemadmodum in &longs;ecundo de&longs;cen&longs;us ex N per
uenit ad O; ita in penultimo a&longs;cen&longs;us perueniat ad M
ex L, atque ita con&longs;equenter; donec vt in vltimo de&longs;
cen&longs;us peruenit ad H ex Q, ita in primo a&longs;cen&longs;us ex
G perueniat ad I, cuius altitudo altitudini Q e&longs;t
æqualis.
Elicio
de&longs;cen&longs;us per lineam BH, dum malus mouetur, e&longs;&longs;e
eandem, quæ per lineam BA, cum malus quie&longs;cit. Quippe cùm incre&longs;cente velocitate perueniat tam in
primo ca&longs;u ad H, quàm in &longs;ecundo ad A, patet, &longs;i
de&longs;cen&longs;us in &longs;ecundo ca&longs;u terminaretur ad altitudi
nem F, fore vt in primo terminaretur ad altitu dinem
Q æqualem altitudini F. Et, &longs;i illeic terminaretur ad
E, fore vt heic ad P: &longs;i illeic ad D, heic ad O, &longs;i illeic
ad C, heic ad N. Quare & progre&longs;&longs;u facto nece&longs;&longs;e
e&longs;t eadem proportione ac qui&longs;itam e&longs;&longs;e velocitatem
per parteis lineæ B, N, O, P, Q, H, ac per parteis lineæ
B, C, D, E, F, A.
Elicio
tatis in a&longs;cen&longs;u per lineam GB, e&longs;&longs;e reciprocè ean
dem, quæ incrementi in de&longs;cen&longs;u per lineam BA;
adeò vt, quemadmodum illeic, in primo momento
peruenitur ex B ad C, ita heic in vltimo perueniatur
ad B ex M, altitudinis æqualis ip&longs;i C; & vt illeic in
&longs;ecundo peruenitur ex C ad D; ita heic in penultimo
perueniatur ad M ex L, altitudinis eiu&longs;dem cum D:
&longs;equenter; do
nec, vt illeic
in vltimo per
uenitur ad A
ex F; ita heic
in primo per
ueniatur ex G
ad I, altitudi
nis cum F æ
qualis. Quip
pe ex Elicito
&longs;exto, eadem
e&longs;t velocitatis
proportio &longs;e
cundú lineam
BA, quæ &longs;e
cundum
BH: & ex
Elicito quin
to, eadem e&longs;t
&longs;ecundum li
neam BG,
quæ &longs;ecundum eandem lineam BH. Quamobrem
non pote&longs;t e&longs;&longs;e alia (reciprocè tamen accipiendo) &longs;e
cundum lineam BG, quàm &longs;ecundum lineam BA;
cùm quæ &longs;unt eadem, æqualiave vni tertio, non po&longs;
&longs;int non e&longs;&longs;e eadem, æqualiave inter &longs;e.
Elicio
in omni projectione &longs;ur&longs;ùm facta, decrementum ve-
cremento velocitatis de&longs;cendendo: adeò vt, quem
admodum in vltimo de&longs;cen&longs;us momento percurritur
&longs;patium FA, ita in primo a&longs;cen&longs;us percurratur idem
&longs;patium AF; & quemadmodum in penultimo de&longs;
cen&longs;us percurritur EF; ita in &longs;ecundo a&longs;cen&longs;us FE, &
ita con&longs;equenter, donec: vt in primo de&longs;cen&longs;us per
curritur BC, ita in vltimo a&longs;cen&longs;us percurratur CB.
Quippe, cùm ex iam dictis perinde &longs;e habeant AF, &
FA, ac &longs;e habent GI, & QH; & perinde quoque C
B, & BC, ac MB, & BN, & ita de aliis.
Elicio
tus perueniat ex puncto G pro impetu quidem,
quem habet &longs;ur&longs;um, ad B, & pro eo, quem prorsùm,
ad H: percurrerere illum quidem æqualibus tempori
bus &longs;ecundum impetum priorem inæqualia &longs;patia; &longs;ed
&longs;ecundum po&longs;teriorem, æqualia. Con&longs;tat quippe AF
altitudinem, &longs;eu
motui per GI, e&longs;&longs;e majorem, quàm FE altitu dinem re&longs;
pondentem motui per IK; cùm tamen GS. latitudo, &longs;eu
portio plani horizontalis re&longs;pondens motui per
GI, &longs;it æqualis latitudini SV re&longs;pondenti motui per
eandem IK; atqueita de cæteris. A deò vt motus quidem
&longs;ursùm, vel deorsùm inæqualis &longs;it; &longs;ed motus prorsùm,
vel &longs;ecundum horizontem &longs;it planè æquabilis, atque
vniformis.
Elicio
tardiùs; & mali tamen altitudo &longs;emper eadem &longs;it; &longs;ieri
po&longs;&longs;e, vt linea parabolica efficiatur diuer&longs;imodè nunc
apertior, nunc contractior; & nihilominùs percur-Sen&longs;us e&longs;t, cùm
&longs;patium GH, quod &longs;uppo&longs;ui à naui peruadi momen
tis decem, po&longs;&longs;it fieri contractius, ita vt ii&longs;dem decem
momentis, &longs;eu æquali tempore non percurratur, ni&longs;i
&longs;patium Si, vel V g, vel Y e vel a c:&longs;icque lineæ parabo
licæ ex S, in B, ad v&longs;que &longs;iant &longs;emper contractiores, quàm &longs;it GBH: Et cùm
è contra idem &longs;patium po&longs;&longs;it &longs;ieri amplius; ita vt ii&longs;dem
decem momentis, &longs;eu æquali tempore percurratur &longs;pa
tium duplò, triplò, quadruplò, &
les, pro nauis celeritate, expan&longs;ius; &longs;icque lineæ parabo
licæ fiant &longs;emper, &longs;emperque apertiores, quàm &longs;it ea
dem parabolica GBH: Nihilominùs neque lapidem
per contractiores motum, perua&longs;urum illas tempore
breuiore; neque motum per appertiores, perua&longs;urum
ip&longs;as tempore longiore, quàm &longs;it tempus, quo per
uadit memoratam GBH. Quippe, &longs;cu nauis celeriter,
&longs;eu tardè moueatur, tantundem &longs;emper temporis in
&longs;umit lapis, vt ex pede mali A, perueniat ad verticem
B; & rursùs tantundem, vt ex vertice B, perueniat ad
pedem A. Quare & cùm intereà de&longs;cribantur per aërem
lineæ parabolicæ inæquales, nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t &longs;emper de&longs;cri
bant æqualibus temporibus: omnibus putà exæqua
tis vni, eidemque tempori, quod in&longs;umitur ex A in
B, & ex B in A, communi men&longs;ura.
Elicio
de&longs;cen&longs;us per lineam &longs;emiparabolicam BH, de&longs;cribat
etiam quantùm voles vel contractiorem, vel apertio
rem: perua&longs;urum tamen omneis eiu&longs;cemodi &longs;emipara
bolicas lineas æqualibus temperibus: Quippe ea om-
q
totius ad totam. Neque id debet tam in hoc, quàm
&longs;uperiore Elicito videri mirum; quoniam, vt nulla e&longs;t
diuer&longs;itas in motu perpendiculari, &longs;eu qui e&longs;t &longs;ursùm,
ac deor&longs;um, quatenùs tantundem &longs;emper a&longs;cenditur,
de&longs;cenditurque; & di&longs;erimen &longs;olùm e&longs;t in motu hori
zontali, &longs;iue qui e&longs;t prorsùm, quatenùs citeriùs, vlte
riú&longs;que proceditur: ita vis impellens &longs;ur&longs;um, quæ à
proijciente, vt propria emanat, e&longs;t vniformis &longs;emper, ac
eadem; & contrà vis impellens prorsùm, quæ, vt tran&longs;la
titia à nauis motu imprimitur, inæqualis e&longs;t, & pro rati
one tarditatis, aut velocitatis nunc minor, nunc major.
Elicio
pede mali, donec mouetur, proijciatur, id ad pedem
mali &longs;emper reca&longs;urum. Quippe, &longs;eu ad &longs;ummum ma
lum non perueniat, &longs;eu vlteriùs longè prouchatur,
de&longs;cribit &longs;emper lineam parabolicam, in qua, vbicúm
que ex&longs;i&longs;tat, reperitur &longs;emper in eadem di&longs;tantia vel à
malo, vel à linea &longs;ur&longs;um à malo &longs;ecundum illius lon
gitudinem produci concepta. Nec te verò motetur
globus bellico totmento è pede mali &longs;ur&longs;um explo&longs;us;
nam par omninô ratio e&longs;t. Et quamuis ob&longs;tare videa
tur rectitudo fi&longs;tulæ; nihilominùs, quia globus, quan
tumcúm que tempore &longs;en&longs;um fugiente fi&longs;tulam perua
dat, peruadit tamen &longs;ucce&longs;&longs;iuè, e&longs;t que reip&longs;à priùs in
inferioribus eius partibus, quàm in &longs;uperioribus; inde
fit, vt cùm &longs;i&longs;tula per hæc priora, & po&longs;teriora mo
menta, moueatur interim ad motum nauis; idcircô
globus, preter motum &longs;ur&longs;um, promoueatur etiam in-
dum ex&longs;iliendo per &longs;i&longs;tulam tran&longs;it, incipiat de&longs;cribere
parabolicam lineam, quam deinceps per aerem de&longs;
cribere pergat; neque huic de&longs;criptioni magis ob&longs;tet
rectitudo fi&longs;tulæ, quàm rectitudo ip&longs;ius mali. Addo,
cùm e&longs;&longs;emus in ip&longs;a triremi, nobilem Vincegue
recita&longs;&longs;e optimo Proregi, nobi&longs;que circon&longs;tantibus
experimentum &longs;uo iu&longs;&longs;u factum, quod heic omitti non
debeat. A&longs;&longs;eruït enim &longs;e aliquando naui cuipiam
imperitantem, & cùm illa &longs;ecundo vento, ac velo
ci&longs;&longs;imè transferretur, iu&longs;&longs;i&longs;&longs;e è fa&longs;tigio mali explodi
&longs;ursùm fi&longs;tulâ pi&longs;toleto dictâ plumbeum globulum;
ac ip&longs;um aliquantò pò&longs;t decidi&longs;&longs;e ad pedem mali.
VIII.
Prætereo po&longs;&longs;e ex eadem figura alia quo
que ex memoratis experimentis intelligi. Nam &longs;i &longs;up
ponas ex. gr.
puppim e&longs;&longs;e in G, & proram in A; ac
te ex puppi conijcere pilam ad &longs;ocium, qui ex prora
ad te pari ni&longs;u reijciat; eueniet, vt dum pila à te con
jecta transferetur per aërem, ille quidem cum pro
ra perueniat, verbi cau&longs;â ad c, &longs;ed pila tamen etiam
eò perueniat, quoniam tu pilæ præter tuam vim, qua
perueni&longs;&longs;et &longs;olùm ad A, indis etiam vim tran&longs;latitiam,
&longs;eu impre&longs;&longs;am à naui, qua &longs;uperetur, ac &longs;uperad datur
&longs;patium Ac, & qua ip&longs;e intereà &longs;equaris cum puppi
per &longs;patium GS; ita vt cùm &longs;ocius, & pila fuerint in
c, tu futurus &longs;is in S. Eueniet quoque, vt dum pila
ab illo rejecta transferetur per aërem, tu cum puppi
promotus peruenias quidem ad V; &longs;ed & pila tamen
eò &longs;olùm perueniat, quoniam ex vi &longs;ocij propria tan
tum detrahetur à vi nauis tran&longs;latitia, quantum foret
tium e&longs;t æquale ip&longs;i e g, per quod ille intereà cum
prora recedet; ita vt cum tu & pila fueritis in V, ip&longs;e
&longs;it futurus in g. Quod &longs;i &longs;upponas vim tibi à naui &longs;u
perad ditam e&longs;&longs;e duplo majorem priore; tum tu pilam
in&longs;equutus peruenies ex G ad V, cùm ille promotus
ex A ad e, pilam reijciet, cui pilæ rejectæ tu intereà
promotus, occurras ad a. & c, S in &longs;upponas tantam
nauigij celeritatem, vt vis à motu illius impre&longs;&longs;a exæ
quetur illi, quàm tu ni&longs;u tuo proprio imprimis, &longs;icque
vis pilæ duplicata euadat; fiet, vt pila à te ex G,
qua&longs;i ad A projecta, perueniat ad H; quò &longs;ocius &longs;imùl
perueniet, perueniente te intereà ad A; & pila ex
H ad te rejecta, non ver&longs;us A accedat, &longs;ed &longs;ursùm,
deorsùmque duntaxat mota, veluti con&longs;i&longs;tat, téque
ibi, perpendiculum non egre&longs;&longs;a, ex&longs;pectet; & tu eó
dem accedas cum puppi; &longs;ocio tantundem intereà
recedente cum prora. Non mirabere verò iam con
&longs;i&longs;tere pilam; quia pari vi ad te immi&longs;&longs;a à &longs;ocio, & re
mi&longs;&longs;a à naui, nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t hæreat, quemadmodum di
xi iam antè po&longs;&longs;e à te ob&longs;eruari in pila, quam &longs;ocius
intra pergulam antrorsùm pergens, retror&longs;ùm reijciat. Quin-etiam, quemadmodum adnotatum e&longs;t euenire
in pergula, vt po&longs;&longs;it pila retror&longs;um iacta antror&longs;um
redire; ita heic fieri concipies, &longs;i &longs;upponas vim à na
ui impre&longs;&longs;am e&longs;&longs;e majorem impre&longs;&longs;a à te. Ita enim
pila ex G ad &longs;ocium vltra H perueniet, & ab illo re
jecta, non modò in loco rejectionis non con&longs;i&longs;tet, &longs;ed
ver&longs;us ip&longs;um quoque &longs;ocium tantum regredietur,
quantum vis ip&longs;ius &longs;uperabitur à motu nauis; cùm tu
peruenturus &longs;is. Sed i&longs;ta iam nimis inculcata &longs;unt:
idque e&longs;t &longs;olùm mente tenendum, quæeumque vis
tibi ad datur, aut adimatur &longs;ocio ab impetu nauis; ni
hilominùs ip&longs;os pilæ jactus, rejectu&longs;que, &longs;iue itus, &
reditus inter vtrúmque interceptos, eo&longs;dem con&longs;tan
ter apparituros; quia eiu&longs;modi impetus ex æquo &
te, & &longs;ocium, & pilam afficiet; nihilque, quod pro
cedat ab eiu&longs;modi impetu, aut à te, aut à &longs;ocio ob
&longs;eruari poterit; eritque ob&longs;eruabilis motus ille &longs;olus,
qui à vi propria vtriu&longs;que pendebit, quique perinde
ob&longs;eruaretur, &longs;i nauis quie&longs;ceret; ac aliunde diuer&longs;i
tas in motu pilæ ex compo&longs;ita tua, &longs;ocijve, & na
uigij vi, ob&longs;eruabilis &longs;olùm erit ab oculo extra naui
gium quie&longs;cente. Ob&longs;eruabilis, inquam, & pulcro
&longs;anè &longs;pectaculo, cuius &longs;i fieri particeps velis, &longs;ta ip&longs;e
ad ripam, aut in nauigio aliàs immoto, cùm alijduo in
tran&longs;lato colludent. Quippe quas illi putabunt æqua
leis vireis, quos æqualeis pilæ itus, reditu&longs;que; ani
maduertes ip&longs;e prorsùs inæ qualeis; & non &longs;ine volup
tate &longs;pectabis illum, qui ad puppim, vehementiorem
quidem ictum impingere, &longs;ed continuò tamen pi
lam in&longs;equi; illum, qui ad proram, remi&longs;&longs;iorem qui
dem; &longs;ed continuò tamen à pila aufugere: & cùm
pila inæqualiter per aërem tran&longs;luolatura &longs;it, ab illo
nempe celeriùs, ab hoc &longs;egniùs; mirabilem tamen
fieri ex illius acce&longs;&longs;u, & in&longs;equutione pilæ, cùm hu
ius rece&longs;&longs;u, & fuga ab eadem pila, compen&longs;ationem.
IX.
Po&longs;tulare heic videretur occa&longs;io, vt priu&longs;quàm
di&longs;cederem longiùs, intexerem qua&longs;i parenthe&longs;in,
De motu, quieteve Telluris; idque præ&longs;ertim, cùm
tu, Germanu&longs;que, & qui adfuere cæteri, ex Luille
rio &longs;tatim requi&longs;ieritis, ex hi&longs;ce-ne experimentis quid
piam deriuarem ad Telluris motum: verùm quia for
ta&longs;&longs;is euagarer nimiùm, præ&longs;tat id ad calcem reijciam;
&longs;ubijciam que intereà, quæ de cau&longs;a phy&longs;ica motus
tam naturalis, quàm projectorij inue&longs;tigari ex præmi&longs;
&longs;is po&longs;&longs;unt. Cùm naturalem porrô dico, modum lo
quendi vulgarem &longs;equor, iuxta quem, vt motus re
rum projectilium dicitur violentus, ita motus rerum
cadentium, quas & graueis dicunt, naturalis appelli
tatur. Imprimis certè nullus videtur non cen&longs;eri po&longs;
&longs;e naturalis motus, quatenus nullus non e&longs;t à rerum
principiis, quæ ip&longs;orum Author eius e&longs;&longs;e naturæ vo
luït, vt ince&longs;&longs;anter impetum, quo moueri po&longs;&longs;ent,
haberent. Ex hoc nempe e&longs;&longs;e videtur, quamobrem
variè commi&longs;ceantur, & varias rerum &longs;pecies creent,
quæ inter &longs;e variè agant, & patiantur, &longs;eu mouean
tur, & moueant. Quippe ortus quoque, & interitus,
incrementum, & decrementum, omni&longs;que altera
tio, qua calor, frigus, humor, &longs;iccitas, itemque co
lor, odor, &longs;apor, & qualitates aliæ gignuntur, ni
hil e&longs;&longs;e aliud videntur, quàm motiones quædam lo
cales, quibus rerum principia, tenui&longs;&longs;ima licet, at
que in&longs;en&longs;ilia, variè inter &longs;e concernuntur, excer
nuntur, accedunt, ab&longs;cedunt, tran&longs;ponuntur, &c. Ita
&longs;altem &longs;unt opinati Philo&longs;ophi celebres apud Sextum
Empiricum, dum Ari&longs;totele defendente huiu&longs;cemo
di mutationes à motu locali di&longs;tinctas, ip&longs;i cen&longs;ue-
calis. Deinde nullusvidetur motus, qui &longs;eclu&longs;o primæ
uo illo, non po&longs;&longs;it cen&longs;eriviolentus: quatenus nullus e&longs;t,
qui ni&longs;i cum impul&longs;ione vnius rei in a
effectum e&longs;t, vt Ari&longs;toteles, etiam rerum cadentium
quæ&longs;ierit motorem externum, principium nempe
generans; & in motibus animalium di&longs;tinguendas
cen&longs;uerit parteis, quarum aliæ mouerentur ab aliis,
ad v&longs;que vnam, que moueret, per &longs;e immota. Ne
que videri ab &longs;urdum debet, e&longs;&longs;e continuam aliquam
in rebus naturæ violentiam; quoniam ip&longs;a quoque
violentia ex eò cen&longs;eri naturalis pote&longs;t, quod Au
thor naturæ illam in&longs;tituerit, quæ gignundis rebus
naturalibus in&longs;eruiret; cum con&longs;tet nihil alterari,
nihil interire, nihil exoriri, ab&longs;que motu reciproco,
&longs;iue actione, & reactione, qua vnaquæque res vim
patiatur; adeo proinde vt violentia naturas &longs;ingu
lareis &longs;olùm, non vniuer&longs;alem attineat. Prætereà
cum motus naturalis, & violenti voces non videan
tur nobis e&longs;&longs;e confundendæ, ea mihi &longs;emper vtriu&longs;
que notio vi&longs;a e&longs;t commodi&longs;&longs;ima, vt naturalis ap
pelletur, qui aut &longs;ponte, aut &longs;ine vlla repugnantia
fit: violentus, qui præter naturam, aut cum aliqua
repugnantia. Ita ince&longs;&longs;us animalis naturalis e&longs;t, quia
&longs;ponte &longs;it: &longs;altatio violenta, quia cum aliqua repu
gnantia. Ita trajectio globi per aërem violenta, quia
præter naturam; volutio &longs;upra planum naturalis,
quia nihil repugnat. Rur&longs;ùs, quia &longs;æpenumerò cau
&longs;a &longs;eu &longs;pontanea, &longs;eu repugnans non apparet, &
quæri pote&longs;t quoddam criterium, quo di&longs;cerni va-
lentus; idcircô, vel ex eo, quòd motus principiorum,
qui e&longs;t maximè naturalis, æquabili&longs;&longs;imus ex &longs;e e&longs;t;
videtur æquabilitas a&longs;&longs;umi po&longs;&longs;e, vt character, quo,
&longs;i ad&longs;it, iudicemus
tum. Et &longs;anè cum &longs;it commune effatum, Nihil violen
tum e&longs;&longs;e perpetuum; cui e&longs;t con&longs;entaneum, vt quod
e&longs;t naturale perpetuum &longs;it; con&longs;tat radicem perpe
tuitatis e&longs;&longs;e æquabilitatem, ce&longs;&longs;ationis inæquabilita
tem; quatenus id &longs;olùm, quod neque inuale&longs;cit, ne
que debilitatur, perdurare pote&longs;t; nihilque pote&longs;t
naturæ vi aut incre&longs;cere, aut decre&longs;cere infinitè. Ad
hæc, &longs;i quis requirat motum in hi&longs;ce rebus compo
&longs;itis, qui &longs;it maximè naturalis, per&longs;picuum videtur
cum e&longs;&longs;e cæle&longs;tem; quatenus e&longs;t præ cæteris æquabilis,
atque perpetuus; delecta ab authore circulari forma,
&longs;ecundum quam, principiò, & fine carentem, e&longs;&longs;e
æquabilitas, & perpetuitas po&longs;&longs;et. Et ne cau&longs;eris
motum animalium videri potiùs naturalem; vide vt
vel &longs;ola ip&longs;a la&longs;&longs;itudo violentiam quandam indi
cùm aliunde animalium motus ea &longs;olum ratione vi
deatur e&longs;&longs;e naturalis, qua ex circularibus componi
tur; quippe violentus, qua ratione i&longs;ti circulares
imperfecti &longs;unt, atque impediti. Paradoxum vide
retur, non po&longs;&longs;e vllum motum ab animali ex&longs;eri, qui
&longs;impliciter rectus &longs;it; neque hominem v. c.
ducere
po&longs;&longs;e digito, aut &longs;tilo rectam lineam, ni&longs;i pluribus
motibus circularibus compo&longs;itis &longs;imùl: Verùm res
tam penè intelligitur ex iis, quæ paulò antè &longs;unt dicta;
& ob&longs;etuare &longs;olùm e&longs;t opus, quomodo bracchij ex-
digitis, manu, cubito, bracchio &longs;uper propriis, ac
&longs;pecialibus centris. Con&longs;idera quoque vt inter ex
pedite ambulandum, &longs;pontaneus ille bracchiorum
motus, cuius centrum &longs;capulæ &longs;unt, non perinde &longs;it
defatigationi obnoxius, ac motus crurum, cuius
centrum coxendices, quod non perinde inhibeatur,
& multiplicari cogatur: &longs;ed i&longs;tud tamen obiter. De
nique, &longs;i quis quærat motum, qui violentus maximè
&longs;it, is e&longs;&longs;e videtur vterque, de quo heic loci agitur;
nempe qui non modò e&longs;t in re projecta, dum &longs;ursùm
contendit, &longs;ed etiam, qui in re cadente, dum fertur
deor&longs;ùm. Argumento e&longs;t, quòd vt ille e&longs;t ab ex
terno principio, ita hic non po&longs;&longs;it e&longs;&longs;e ab interno, qua
le formam dicunt, & quale per&longs;euerans vniu&longs;modi,
intelligi cau&longs;a non po&longs;&longs;it, tanti illius, ac tam inæqua
bilis impetus; qui cùm aliunde non valeat incremen
tum continuum infinitè accipere, ideò longè abe&longs;t,
vt durare perpetuò po&longs;&longs;it. Quid dico verò perpe
tuò? cùm prolixi&longs;&longs;imus omnium vix vnico horæ mo
mento perduret, eaque ratione peragatur, vt &longs;i ca
dens ex alto corpus minùs benè compactum &longs;it, im
petu ip&longs;o di&longs;&longs;ipetur; intelligamu&longs;que, &longs;i ca&longs;us in im
men&longs;um pateret, impetu&longs;que eadem &longs;emper propor
tione in immen&longs;um incre&longs;ceret, nullam penitùs com
pactionem ad inex&longs;olubilitatem corporis e&longs;&longs;e &longs;uffe
cturam. Quod &longs;anè conuincit hunc motum natura
lem propriè non e&longs;&longs;e, &longs;ed violentum potiùs, imô
eua&longs;urum tandem violenti&longs;&longs;imum, &longs;iue quo violen
tior excogitari non valeat; cùm is, qui à natura e&longs;t,
& nihil minùs, quàm ad de&longs;tructionem eius corpo
ris, quod attinet, tendens.
X.
Non repeto heic, quemadmodum lapis à
vertice mali, dum nauis mouetur, apparenter &longs;olùm
&longs;ecundum perpendiculum cadat, reip&longs;â verò obliquè
per eam, quam de&longs;crip&longs;imus lineam; innüo duntaxat
lapidem non &longs;ponte moueri, quia mouetur vi à ma
nu impre&longs;&longs;a ex tran&longs;latione manus à naui, cui vnà
cum malo in&longs;i&longs;tit. Atque id quidem &longs;eu manus in
fa&longs;tigio mali con&longs;i&longs;tens lapidem dimittat, &longs;eu lapis
ex radice mali projectus, vbi peruenerit ad &longs;ummum,
po&longs;teà recidat; vt proinde intelligas po&longs;&longs;e vel ex hoc
capite motum lapidis decidentis, recidenti&longs;ve dici
violentum. Dices, cùm hic obliquus motus mi&longs;tus,
&longs;eu compo&longs;itus &longs;it ex perpendiculari, & horizontali;
id quidem, quod e&longs;t ex horizontali, exi&longs;timari po&longs;&longs;e
violentum, at quod ex perpendiculari, id &longs;altem e&longs;&longs;e
naturale. Nam quòd lapis quidem &longs;ursùm projectus,
& nihilominùs obliquè incedens, &longs;ecundum vtrum
que violentus &longs;it, videri per&longs;picuum: quoniam vtriu&longs;
que cau&longs;a externa, impellen&longs;que e&longs;t, illius nempe
ip&longs;a vis nauis, huius verò vis manus propria: at quod
deorsùm dimi&longs;&longs;us, & obliquè nihilominùs incedens,
&longs;ecundum vtrumque violentus &longs;it, non po&longs;&longs;e perin
de e&longs;&longs;e in confe&longs;&longs;o: quippe horizontalis quidem cau
&longs;a &longs;imiliter externa, impellen&longs;que, vis nauis e&longs;t; &longs;ed
perpendicularis cau&longs;a non e&longs;t perinde vis propria
manus. Quare & nece&longs;&longs;e videri lapidem eo motu
moueri ab interno principio: e&longs;&longs;éque proinde eum Attamen id
videtur primum con&longs;ideratione dignum, &longs;i ex duobus
his motibus, perpendiculari nempe, & horizontali, qui
obliquum illum componunt, alter habendus natu
ralis &longs;it, illum horizontalem potiùs, quàm perpen
dicularem e&longs;&longs;e. Id verò patet; quia cùm projectum
pars fuerit aliqua totius, quòd &longs;ecundum horizon
tem, &longs;eu circulariter mouebatur, ideò ad eius imi
tationem mouetur circulariter, ac naturaliter proin
de, & prorsùs æquabiliter; adeò vt, quantumcùm
que motus perpendicularis incre&longs;cat &longs;emper, aut de
cre&longs;cat; ip&longs;e tamen horizontalis vno &longs;emper tenore
fluat, inuariabiliterque procedat. Ac fortè res mi
nùs mirabilis e&longs;&longs;et, de impre&longs;&longs;ione ex motu terræ, &longs;i
quis vellet ip&longs;am &longs;upra axem &longs;uum mobilem &longs;uppo
nere: &longs;iquidem lapis dici po&longs;&longs;et moueri vniformiter,
ob &longs;pontaneam con&longs;equutionem, ad vniformem
motum totius; &longs;eu cum eo cohærens, &longs;eu abiunctus
foret; Sed mirabile &longs;anè e&longs;t de impre&longs;&longs;ione ex naui,
equo, curru, aliave re, aut ex &longs;ola manu: quandò
lapis non habet cum rebus eiu&longs;cemodi, motibu&longs;ve
earum parem relationem. Ex quo par e&longs;t exi&longs;timare,
motum horiz ontalem, à quacúmque cau&longs;a is fiat, ex
&longs;ua natura perpetuum fore, ni&longs;i cau&longs;a aliqua interue
nerit, quæ mobile abducat, motumque exturbet. Id, vt minùs ab&longs;urdum habeas, concipiendum e&longs;t
mobile, quod tantúndem &longs;e&longs;e reducat, quantùm
abductum fuerit. Huiu&longs;modi autem e&longs;&longs;e pote&longs;t ex
qui&longs;itus, & vniformis materiæ globus, &longs;i volui ip&longs;um
imagineris &longs;upra horizontem, &longs;eu ambitum terræ,
Si &longs;upponas enim te illi vel leuiculum imprimere
motum; intelliges &longs;anè hunc motum nun quam ce&longs;&longs;a
turum, &longs;ed globum reuolutum iri &longs;ecundum totum
ambitum, ac reuolutione peracta reuolutum iterùm
iri, & con&longs;equenter iterùm, & ita continuò per&longs;eue
raturum. Cau&longs;a porrô e&longs;t, quoniam globus moueri
tantillum hoc modo non pote&longs;t, quin centro ex&longs;i
&longs;tente &longs;emper perpendiculari ad id punctum, quo glo
bus contingit horizontale planum, tantum &longs;it molis
antè, quantum retrò, & pars anterior non po&longs;&longs;it
tendere deor&longs;um, quin pars po&longs;terior tendat &longs;ur&longs;um;
& illa &longs;emper hanc pertrahat, i&longs;ta &longs;emper illam pro
pellat; adeò proinde, vt cùm nulla cau&longs;a po&longs;&longs;it deor
sùm adigere globum, quin quantum ex vna parte de
primit, tantúndem eleuet ex alia, oporteat motum
&longs;emel impre&longs;&longs;um con&longs;tare &longs;emper inter depre&longs;&longs;ionem,
& eleuationem medium: atque idcircô vniformem,
ince&longs;&longs;antemque per&longs;euerare. Accedit, quòd nulla &longs;it
cau&longs;a, quamobrem &longs;uum cur&longs;um vel retardet vnquam,
vel acceleret, quatenus nunquam magis, vel minus à
centro terræ ab&longs;cedit, aut ad id accedit: neque cur
proinde vnquam debeat à motu ce&longs;&longs;are, quemadmo
dum &longs;ieret, &longs;i &longs;upponeres ali quam in &longs;uperficie in æqua
bilitatem. Nam &longs;icubi decliuitas, & accliuitas foret,
acceleraret motum per locum decliuem, & retardaret
peraccliuem: &, &longs;i tanta accliuitas e&longs;&longs;et, vt emergere
&longs;upra eam non po&longs;&longs;et, cogeretur recurrere, excurreque,
& po&longs;t excur&longs;us, recur&longs;u&longs;que aliquot conquie&longs;cere
tandem in medio inter accliuitatem, & decliuitatem Ex quo rur&longs;us intelligis, &longs;i globus eius naturæ
&longs;it, vt per decliuem locum acceleretur, & per accli
uem retardetur, fore vt loco neque decliui, neque
accliui ex&longs;i&longs;tente, neque accelerationem, neque re
tardationem accipiat, &longs;ed tenorem &longs;eruet, ac inde
&longs;inenter moueatur. Atque hæc quidem attingo &longs;o
lùm, vt planum faciam, &longs;i alteruter motuum haben
dus naturalis &longs;it, illum horizontalem e&longs;&longs;e, potiu&longs;
quàm perpendicularem.
XI.
Quia verò dubium &longs;upere&longs;t de perpendicu
laris principio, non repeto quamobrem illum non
e&longs;&longs;e internum in&longs;inüauerim. Addo &longs;olùm, quia vi
demus motum deor&longs;ùm eadem proportione veloci
tatis incre&longs;cere, qua motus &longs;ursùm decre&longs;cit; ea
propter videri omninô duo e&longs;&longs;e principia externa,
quæ mutuò qua&longs;i colluctentur, certatimque ex&longs;erant
vireis circa idem mobile. Et principium quidem ex
ternum motus &longs;ur&longs;um con&longs;tat e&longs;&longs;e manum, aliudve
corpus proijciens; at cum principium externum mo
tus deor&longs;um non perinde appareat, ideó-ne nullum
e&longs;t dicendum? Non &longs;annè, ni&longs;i fortè cùm vides ferrum,
aliàs immotum jacens, ad magnetem pellici, nullam
cau&longs;am externam cen&longs;eas, quæ pellectionem faciat;
aut cùm vides rem pendulam, aliàs quie&longs;centem, agi
tari, ac externam cau&longs;am non vides, nullam e&longs;&longs;e
externam putes, à qua agC&ecedil;terùm,
cùm plures &longs;int modi, quibus cau&longs;a externa mouet,
con&longs;tat tamen omneis ad duos, tanquam pr&ecedil;cipuos
pertinere, impul&longs;ionem, & attractionem. Age ita
que experiamur, an-non motus rerum caden-
cau&longs;a &longs;eu impellens, &longs;eu attrahens, &longs;eu po
tiùs impellens, & attrahens &longs;imùl. Ac impel
lens quidem; &longs;i aliqua &longs;it, ea non videtur e&longs;&longs;e po&longs;&longs;e
alia, quàm aer &longs;upernè incumbens, & à tergo in
&longs;tans. Nullum certè e&longs;&longs;e videtur argumentum alte
rius: nam & quamuis &longs;upremæ aeris regioni &longs;aper
ex&longs;truas, vel &longs;phæram igneam, vel auram ætheream,
quæ à cælorum regionibus, motibu&longs;ve cohibita aërem
ip&longs;um circumquáque inter &longs;e, & terram cohibeat; id
tamen nihil aliud efficiet, quàm vt aer &longs;uperne pre&longs;&longs;us
premat &longs;upernè lapidem; &longs;icque aer erit &longs;emper cau&longs;a,
&longs;altem proxima lapidem impellens. Aerem porrô e&longs;&longs;e
po&longs;&longs;e impellentem lapidis cau&longs;am, non diffit
tem Ari&longs;toteles, qui dum res pro
ctæ &longs;unt, moueri eas vult ab aere &longs;olo, qui motus à
proijciente, alium porrô moueat, à quo alius rursùm
moueatur, quov&longs;que impetu &longs;en&longs;im debilitato, mo
tus tandem ce&longs;&longs;et, & quies &longs;equatur. Quoniam verò
dicere Ari&longs;toteles non pote&longs;t; ecquidnam ip&longs;um im
petum frangat, præter aerem occurrentem, qui aeri
procedenti, proiectûmque pellenti continuò re&longs;i&longs;tat;
an non proinde fatebitur aerem &longs;upernè incumben
tem, qua vi pote&longs;t re&longs;i&longs;tere projecto &longs;ur&longs;ùm lapidi,
po&longs;&longs;Quamcumque
vim &longs;anè manus lapidi, aerive imprimat, &longs;uperior
e&longs;&longs;e aer videtur, qui & tendenti &longs;ur&longs;ùm lapidi con
tinenter re&longs;i&longs;tat, & vim continenter in ip&longs;um faciens,
impetum a manu impre&longs;&longs;um continuò refringat; do
nec &longs;uperato toto impetu, ip&longs;e &longs;emper incumbens,
imprimat, nouúmque &longs;emper adiiciat; adeò vt in &longs;ine
motus deorsùm, tantundem &longs;it impetus ab aere,
quantùm initio motus &longs;ur&longs;ùm, impre&longs;&longs;um fuerat ab
ip&longs;a manu. Et quæ&longs;o te, &longs;i aliquis lapidem &longs;ur&longs;ùm ex
fundo maris pari vi, qua aliùs ex imo aere projiciat;
quare lapis nec tam altum a&longs;cendet, neque ex
&longs;ito loco deor&longs;ùm redibit? An-non quia aqua lapidi
magis re&longs;i&longs;tet, quàm aer, impre&longs;&longs;umque impetum &
vehementiùs franget, & expugnabit citiùs, ac dein
ceps lapidi &longs;emper imminens, proprium impetum im
primere perget, nec &longs;inem faciet addendi nouum,
donec in fundum reduxerit? Di&longs;erimen certè &longs;olum
mo
tiam; cùm aërem quoque non nihil re&longs;i&longs;tere argua
tur, vel ex eo &longs;tridore, quem edit, dum à corporibus
vehementiùs per ip&longs;um actis frangitur. Et quamuis
præ &longs;ua tenuïtate non videatur po&longs;&longs;e impetui tanto re
&longs;i&longs;tere; cogita tamen proportionem e&longs;&longs;e cum aquæ
re&longs;i&longs;tentia; illamque vt intelligas, compara non
modò perexiguum, ac penè nullum lapidis a&longs;cen&longs;um
ex fundo aquæ, cum incompatabi
imo aëre; &longs;ed etiam progre&longs;&longs;um penè in&longs;en&longs;ibilem
bombardici globi per aquam tran&longs;uer&longs;ùm adacti,
re&longs;pectu illius, qui per aërem fieri ob&longs;eruatur; &
agno&longs;ces, vt intra aquam propter maximam re&longs;i&longs;ten
tiam, paruum &longs;patium peragitur; &longs;ic in aëre propter
paruam, &longs;patium maximum peragi. Dices dubium
fortè non e&longs;&longs;ede re&longs;i&longs;tentia aëris, dum aliquid agitur
&longs;ursùm; &longs;ed de impetu, qui imprimatur ab aëre,
parietem, pauimentum, & alia &longs;ic re&longs;i&longs;tere, vt non
proptereà vim vllam faciant, impetumve corporibus
incurrentibus imprimant. Sed vt hoc e&longs;t verùm dè
rebus immotis, quæque di&longs;tracta in &longs;e non red
neque rur&longs;ùs coëunt; ita dici planè non pote&longs;t de iis,
quæ aut mouentur, aut à &longs;uo &longs;itu deductæ illum
repetunt. Abduc certè arboris ramum, ille non mo
dò tibi re&longs;i&longs;tet, &longs;ed po&longs;tea quoque cùm vehementia
&longs;itum &longs;uum ita repetet, vt &longs;i quidpiam occurrerit,
impetu magno illud propellat; qua ratione &longs;it &longs;agit
tarum jactus. Diffinde quoque ramum in dua
teis, quæ in trunco tamen cohæreant; eæ partes non
&longs;olùm diducenti re&longs;i&longs;tent, &longs;ed reducent prætereà &longs;e
&longs;e eâ vehementiâ, eóque impetu, cui ne vires qui
dem Milonis &longs;int pares. Itaque ip&longs;e quoque aër,
tamet&longs;i aliàs immotus &longs;it, ita tamen à corpore præ
teruadente di&longs;trahi pote&longs;t, vt partes di&longs;tractæ ma
gna cum vehementia &longs;e&longs;e inuicem repetant, locum
que à corpore occupatum, & iam iam relictum de
nuò repleant, &longs;ieque corpus ip&longs;um non &longs;ine facto
impetu vlteriùs propellant. Et res quidem videretur
&longs;ide propè de&longs;titui; &longs;ed experimenta tot &longs;unt, ac ea
præ&longs;ertìm, quæ circa vacuum impediendum com
memorantur, vt cùm telatere non po&longs;&longs;int, comme
morare &longs;uper&longs;luum &longs;it. Velim &longs;olùm, ne hæreas,
quomodò res adeò fluxa, ac e&longs;t aër; tantam vim
propellendi habeat; cogites & ventorum vim, qua
f
cuertuntur ædificia, qua &longs;u&longs;que deque mare moue-
lis pneumaticis recens adinuentis, globulum plum
beum, &longs;agittamve laxatis habenis non &longs;ecùs explodit,
ac in bombardis facit puluis pyrius. Quin etiam in
his, quæ&longs;o te, quid pote&longs;t e&longs;&longs;e admirabilius, quàm
&longs;lammulam impetu tanto, ac tam procùl abigere glo
bum adeò den&longs;um, atque pondero&longs;um? Non-ne ip
&longs;a quoque flammula e&longs;t admodùm fluxa? Et quis cre
deret eius vi, non globum modò antror&longs;ùm agi; &longs;ed
machinam etiam tormentariam adeò magnam, adeó
que grauem retror&longs;ùm pelli? Quid verò, &longs;i id &longs;ine
aere vnà accurrente non &longs;iat? videlicet fieri videtur,
dum &longs;lamma in &longs;ui creatione ampliorem locum quæ
ritans, tum in po&longs;ticam machinæ partem impetum
conuertit, tum in globum ant
bertatem canalis ex&longs;iliens, fl
habet, vt ea di&longs;percunte, & inanem locum relinquen
te, conuolet aër, ex aduer&longs;a parte, ac tanto quidem
impetu, vt & machinam retror&longs;ùm compellat, &
impactus tonitru excitet, & commoto aere circum
vicino, ctiam ingenteis ædeis concutiat. T
e&longs;&longs;e pote&longs;t vehementia aëris; vt intelligas ip&longs;um po&longs;&longs;e
non lapidi modò fur&longs;ùm ni
etiam impetu facto, impre&longs;&longs;óque, pellere deorsùm. At, inquies, cùm lapis &longs;ursùm nititur, nonne aër quo
que di&longs;trahitur, & in locum à lapide relictum infernè
&longs;uccedit? An non impetum ergo imprimet, & mo
tum impre&longs;&longs;um à manu juuabit? An-non proinde
tantum aberit, vt impetus decre&longs;cere debeat, quin
debeat potius incre&longs;cere, ac lapis ferri &longs;ur&longs;um duplò
vi, & deor&longs;um vna duntaxat? Nam opponi quidem
non pote&longs;t re&longs;i&longs;tentia aëris, dum lapis &longs;ur&longs;um niti
tur; &longs;imilis enim infernè fit, cum lapis prorumpit
deor&longs;um. Accidit, quòd cadente quidem lapide, vi
detur aër accurrere ad locum iam relictum po&longs;&longs;e; at
dum lapide quie&longs;cente fulcrum &longs;u&longs;tentans &longs;ubducitur,
non e&longs;t cur aër &longs;upernè accurrat; & cum accurrat po
tius infernè, an non deberet lapis &longs;ur&longs;um, potiu&longs;quam
deor&longs;ùm propelli? Dum etiam lapis projectus &longs;ur
&longs;um, punctum &longs;upremum attigit, in quo quædam e&longs;t
veiuti libratio, exæquatis momentis virium tam mo
uentium, quàm re&longs;i&longs;tentium; an-non deberet lapis
in eo penitùs conquie&longs;cere, vt non ex&longs;i&longs;tente in aëre
cau&longs;a, quæ lapidem magis adigat deor&longs;ùm, quàm,
&longs;ur&longs;um? Vt verum fatear, hæc difficultas videtur euin
cere, aërem quidem e&longs;&longs;e po&longs;&longs;e cau&longs;am aliquam ad
juuantem, adaugentemque motus deorsùm velo
citatem; at non e&longs;&longs;e tamen &longs;olam vel &longs;u&longs;ficientem;
&longs;ed exigi prætereà aliam, quæ lapidi faciat motus
deor&longs;um initium, quæque re&longs;i&longs;tentiam aëris inferio
ris vincat, vt cœptum &longs;emel motum aër &longs;uperior
promoueat, lapidem velut &longs;ollicitans, & continuò
magis, magi&longs;que in&longs;tigans.
XII.
Itaque præter cau&longs;am impellentem, videtur
e&longs;&longs;e nece&longs;&longs;arium ad attrahentem recurrere, quæ id
muneris ex&longs;equatur. Cæterùm, hæc vis quænam
alia &longs;it, quàm quæ totius globi Telluris propria &longs;it,
& magnetica dici po&longs;&longs;it? Profecto cum globus tel
luris totum quodpiam &longs;it, notum e&longs;t nullum e&longs;&longs;e
&longs;ui ip&longs;ius con&longs;eruatrix, ac proinde qua parteis &longs;ui
cohærenteis contineat, &longs;eparationique illarum re&longs;i
&longs;tat. Ex hoc autem fit, vt &longs;i partes Terræ aliquo ca
&longs;u auellantur, re&longs;i&longs;tat ip&longs;a, & vi &longs;ua, &longs;eu hamulis,
catenuli&longs;que in&longs;en&longs;ilibus retrahat, vt dum quis ma
num à &longs;e abduci extento bracchio non patitur, &
abductam vi &longs;ua, &longs;eu &longs;piritibus per neruos tran&longs;mi&longs;
&longs;is retrahit in &longs;e ip&longs;um. Terrem autem globi parteis,
&longs;eu terrena corpora voco, non modo parteis terræ,
& aquæ (quæ e&longs;t globi terreni pars liquida, & qua
&longs;i &longs;anguis in animali) verùm etiam tam lapides, me
talla, cætera fo&longs;&longs;ilia, plantas, animalia, & quæcùm
que terræ, & aquæ manife&longs;tam originem debent, in
quibus habeo etiam pluuiam, rorem, niucm, gran
dinem, & meteora cætera, itemque vapores, & ex
halationes; quàm ip&longs;um quoque aërem, quo tellus
qua&longs;i circumve&longs;titur, vt malum cotoneum &longs;ua lanu
gine (quoniam &longs;i ex hoc circum terram &longs;patio de
mas vapores, halitu&longs;que, ac vniuer&longs;è omneis fumos,
& corpu&longs;cula, quæ ex terra, & aqua continuò ex
primuntur, a&longs;cenduntque, & de&longs;cendunt, varieque
mouentur, aut quie&longs;cunt; quod &longs;upererit nihil aliud
fore intelligitur, quàm inane &longs;patium) denique ip
&longs;um etiam ignem; quem manife&longs;tum e&longs;t non gigni
ni&longs;i ex terrena materia, &longs;eu ea &longs;it lignum, oleum,
adeps, &longs;eu alia pinguis &longs;ub&longs;tantia. Itaque hæc cor
pora &longs;unt, quæ, qua&longs;i &longs;ui parteis, Terra continet,
neque auelli patitur, aut dum auelluntur, repetit:
tamet&longs;i, quia corpora plura in eodem &longs;imùl loco
ribus corporibus &longs;imùl repetitis, attracti&longs;que à Ter
ra, ea, quæ terrena magis fuerint, propiùs admoue
antur, quæ minùs remotiùs con&longs;i&longs;tant; & vbi con
tigerit i&longs;ta illorum locum, &longs;eu majorem terræ vici
niam occupare, tum illis accedentibus, ab iis expel
lantur, coganturque &longs;ecedere, & tendere &longs;ursùm;
ex quo illa grauia, hæc leuia dicuntur, vt fortè
occurret dicendum inferiùs. Heic &longs;olùm dico, de
fendi po&longs;&longs;e ine&longs;&longs;e Terræ magneticam vim, quam cir
cumquáque diffundat, quáque &longs;ui parteis conjunctas
contineat, & &longs;ejunctas ad &longs;e reducat, eo modo, quo
magnes fragmenta, &longs;eu parteis magnetis, atque
etiam ferri (quod magnetica quædam proles e&longs;t, vt
fit ex fodinis per&longs;picuum) & junctas cohibet, & cor
ripit &longs;ejunctas. Addere po&longs;&longs;em globum hunc Terræ
nihil e&longs;&longs;e aliud, quàm grandem magnetem, vel eo
argumento, quòd magnes parua terra &longs;it, & à Gil
berto proptereà
que &longs;ui &longs;int poli, &longs;uus axis, &longs;uus æquator, &longs;ui me
ridiani, &longs;ui paralleli; cùm &longs;epo&longs;ita alteratione qua
rumdam Terræ partium in ip&longs;a eius &longs;uperficie, cæ
teræ habeant magneticam, &longs;eu ferri ip&longs;ius attractri
cem vim, licet quædam manife&longs;tiorem, quædam
ob&longs;curiorem &longs;ortiantur, vtiargilla, lateres, alia: cùm
magnes eas &longs;ui parteis conuertat ad polos, quas in
minera (&longs;eu dum Terræ inh&ecedil;reret) conuer&longs;as ad po
los pr&ecedil;habuerit: cùm ille proinde argumentetur præ
ter hanc Terræ qua&longs;i cru&longs;tam, non multas orgyiarum
centurias infra &longs;uperficiem, proten&longs;am, reliquum
liter magnetem, ac huiu&longs;modi alia; Nihilominùs
placet &longs;olùm habere Terram, qua&longs;i magnetem, qua
tenùs vt magnes emittit ex &longs;e corpu&longs;cula quædam,
&longs;eu radios, quibus corpora magnetica ad &longs;e alliciat;
ita videtur Terra emittere, quibus ad &longs;e alliciat,
pertrahatque corpora terrena. Scilicet concipien
dum e&longs;t effluere continuò ex Terra non modò vapo
res, exhalationes, & vniuer&longs;è corpu&longs;cula, ex quibus
meteora gignuntur; aut ex quibus aëris corpus
contexi intelligitur; verùm etiam alia longè in&longs;en
&longs;ibiliora, nec minùs &longs;ubtilia, quàm quæ ex ma
gnete emanantia po&longs;&longs;unt etiam marmor præ &longs;ubtili
tate &longs;ua penetrare. Ac emitti quidem ex Terra ali
quid eiu&longs;cemodi improbabile magis foret, ni&longs;i (quod
antè inuimus) vel ip&longs;um magnetis exemplum &longs;uc
curreret, ex quo emitti aliquid, tamet&longs;i in&longs;en&longs;en&longs;ibile,
ip&longs;a ferri attractio arguit. Nam quamuis po&longs;&longs;is di
cere non tam vi magnetis ferrum attrahi, quàm vi
&longs;ibi propria tendere ad ip&longs;um; &longs;altem, cùm ferrum
non ex quacúmque di&longs;tantiâ ad magnetem tendat,
&longs;ed &longs;olùm cùm vicinum e&longs;t; manife&longs;tum e&longs;t debere
aliquid ex magnete in ferrum emitti, quo vis ferri
propria velut admoneatur, & &longs;ollicitetur ad peten
dum magnetem. Et fac loco magnetis, emi&longs;&longs;ionem
&longs;ieri ex ferro, fac ex vtróque, perinde erit; &longs;atis e&longs;t
&longs;ieri aliquod effluuium, quod &longs;it infra &longs;en&longs;um, & quo
intercedente vnum corpus pelliciatur ad aliud. Quid
ni verò nece&longs;&longs;e &longs;it aliquid intercedere, cùm nulla
actio phy&longs;ica &longs;it &longs;ine agente phy&longs;ico; neque phy&longs;i-
re po&longs;&longs;it in rem di&longs;tantem? Neque &longs;u&longs;ficit dicere
emitti ex magnete v&longs;que qualitatem quandam in
ferrum; ni&longs;i dicantur &longs;imùl emitti in&longs;en&longs;ilia cor
pu&longs;cula, quæ &longs;int qua&longs;i vehiculum eiu&longs;cemodi qua
litatis. Nempe qualitas, quod accidens &longs;it, ince
dere &longs;olitarie non pote&longs;t, neque dici pote&longs;t alterari
à magnete acrem, lignum, chartam, qu
terpo&longs;itum, à quo denique ferrum alteretur: &longs;iqui
dem nulla fit alteratio in corporibus interpo&longs;itis;
per quæ &longs;i ferrum alteratum attraheretur, deberent
&longs;anè ip&longs;a quoque alterata attrahi magis. Emitti ergo
ex magnete corpu&longs;cula in ferrum debent, quæ agere
in ip&longs;um po&longs;&longs;int; eo modò, quo ex re odorata non
qualitas nuda odoris aut &longs;olitariè emittitur, aut
aërem alterat; &longs;ed effunditur &longs;imùl vapor, contex
turave aliqua corpu&longs;culorum tenui&longs;&longs;imorum, quæ
vbi ad olfactus organum peruenerint, in ip&longs;um agant,
odori que, &longs;eu rei odoratæ &longs;en&longs;ionem faciant. Et
certè quemadmodum odor cum vapore, &longs;eu halitu
&longs;uo ex re odorata tandem euane&longs;cit, atque exhau
ritur; ita contingere videmus & in magnete, & in
ferro, quod ex affrictu cum magnete vim attrahen
di contraxerit; nempe i&longs;ta vis &longs;en&longs;im elangue&longs;cit;
neque id pote&longs;t contingere, ni&longs;i effluxu continuo ip
&longs;a corpu&longs;cula exhauria
XIII.
An forte dices corpora alia, vt objecta
&longs;unt vi&longs;us, vel auditus, agere in ip&longs;a &longs;en&longs;uum or
gana, ab&longs;que huiu&longs;modi effluxu, &longs;eu emi&longs;&longs;ione cor
pu&longs;culorum? Verùm cùm hoc ip&longs;um in que&longs;tione
dem &longs;pecialia lucis, colotis, &longs;oni corpu&longs;cula, quæ
organa &longs;en&longs;uum afficiant; idque vel ip&longs;a demul
cendo, attrahendoque ad &longs;e mellitis qua&longs;i catenu
lis, vt quæ ex rebus pulcris, con&longs;onantibu&longs;que pro
cedunt; vel eadem di&longs;cerpendo, abigendoque &longs;ca
bris, acuti&longs;que quibu&longs;dam qua&longs;i contulis, &longs;piculi&longs;
que, vt quæ ex rebus deformibus, di&longs;&longs;onantibu&longs;que
oriuntur. Ridebis forta&longs;&longs;e, quia hæc in&longs;trumenta ne
que di&longs;cerni oculis, neque attrectari manibus po&longs;
&longs;ent; &longs;ed peruidebis facilè vel ex ip&longs;o &longs;en&longs;u olfa
ctus in&longs;trumenta quædam eiu&longs;modi e&longs;&longs;e, quæ tamen
neque ad oculum, neque ad manum exigi po&longs;&longs;int:
Quæ&longs;o, dum prope cloacam tran&longs;is, quid e&longs;t, quod
inde te abigit? An vides quidpiam oculis, aut tan
gis quidpiam manibus, quod te cogat ab&longs;cedere
Non &longs;anè; &longs;ed e&longs;t tamen quidpiam, nempe halitus
teter, qui cùm impactus in oculum, aut manum &longs;ui
&longs;en&longs;um non faciat, facit tamen impactus in intimas
nareis, in quibus quæ re&longs;idet pars, &longs;iue facultas &longs;en
tiens offenditur, ac refugit, corpu&longs;que tuum inde
auertit: eodem planè modo, quo, &longs;i manus, aut
alia pars corporis examine quodam ve&longs;parum, vibra
tis aculeis in&longs;ectantium, compungeretur. Di&longs;crimen
e&longs;t &longs;olùm, quòd fœtoris aculei &longs;int incomparabi
liter &longs;ubtiliores ve&longs;parum aculeis, qui ip&longs;i iam &longs;ub
tiles &longs;unt; idque &longs;ubinnuo, vt intelligas, quantò
&longs;en&longs;us vi&longs;us (idemque proportione dico de auditu)
e&longs;t incomparabiliter olfactu &longs;ubtilior; tantò aculeos
ex re deformi emi&longs;&longs;os, e&longs;&longs;e adhûc po&longs;&longs;e incompara-
vtque ex effectu oppo&longs;ito intelligas, radios illos, &
qua&longs;i catenulas, vncinulo&longs;que rei pulcræ e&longs;&longs;e po&longs;&longs;e
incomparabiliter &longs;ubtiliores iis, quibus ro&longs;a nareis
ad &longs;e pellicit. Vnum reperies difficile; videlicet
imaginari tenuïtatem illam incredibilem huiu&longs;modi
corpu&longs;culorum: &longs;ed quia iam legi&longs;ti, opinor, in
exemplo epi&longs;tolæ &longs;uperiore Augu&longs;to ad Licetum
&longs;criptæ, quod e&longs;t Luillerio præ manibus, vnde
po&longs;&longs;is exi&longs;timare difficultatem e&longs;&longs;e &longs;ubmotam, ideò
&longs;ubmouere non aggredior heic. Velim &longs;olùm con
&longs;ideres eam e&longs;&longs;e &longs;en&longs;uum no&longs;trorum hebetudinem,
eam naturæ &longs;ubtilitatem, vt vbi &longs;ubtilitas no&longs;tra de
&longs;init, &longs;uam explicare natura incipiat; veluti dum ex&longs;ol
uit, aut compingit animalculum A cari ex innumeris
prope illis myriadibus particularum, &longs;ine quibus id
animal con&longs;tare omninô non pote&longs;t; & in cuius tamen
paruitatem acuties no&longs;tra de&longs;init: aut dum ex cor
poris &longs;uper&longs;icie continenter deradit vi&longs;ibileis &longs;pe
cies, & qua&longs;i membranulas (ni&longs;i malis has totas e&longs;&longs;e
à lucidis corporibus ex &longs;uperficiebus corporum re
flexas) quæ vix tandem po&longs;t multa &longs;æcula coaduna
tæ, vnius telæ araneæ cra&longs;&longs;itudini exæquari po&longs;&longs;int. Heinc &longs;anè minùs mirabere, minu&longs;que ridiculum
duces, quod propono tibi de illa ineffabili, aut in
excogitabili potiùs tenuitate organulorum, quibus
agentia naturalia in eliciendis illis &longs;uis planè admi
rabilibus operationibus vtuntur. Vtcúmque &longs;it &longs;anè,
ip&longs;e non percipio, quomodo quicquid per &longs;ympa
thiam, aut antipathiam perhibetur agere, agat reip&longs;â,
quo modo cúmque mouet, tenui&longs;&longs;ima organula, qui
bus illam excitet, & ad motum compellat. Id &longs;olùm
notandum, non excitari, aut moueri rem ab hi&longs;ce
organulis, ni&longs;i eæ particulæ, quibus illa excipit, ana
logiam quandam, &longs;eu proportionem cùm ip&longs;is ha
beant; hoc e&longs;t, vt &longs;i illa &longs;int v.c. vncinuli, res an&longs;ulas
habeat ip&longs;is re&longs;pondenteis; &longs;i aculei, res habeat
particulas, quæ ab ip&longs;is premi, configique po&longs;&longs;int:
&longs;i figuram certam habentia, res &longs;patiola habeat vel
pari modo configurata, vnde accommodatio, ac
lenitas; vel di&longs;pari, vnde laceratio, ac a&longs;peritas, &
ita de aliis. Atque ex hac quidem cau&longs;a e&longs;&longs;e po
te&longs;t, cur præ cæteris ip&longs;a magnetis organula reperire
particulas analogicas debeant, vt vim in illas expri
mant &longs;uam. Nimirùm paleam, papyrum, lignum,
lapidem, quidvis aliud illibatum prætereunt, &longs;olum
modóque &longs;iue ferrum, &longs;iue magnetem alium affice
re deprehenduntur. Hac certè ratione vapor odora
tus præterit, quod dicebam mox, manum, oculum,
cæteras parteis corporis; afficitque &longs;olùm intra na
ries ip&longs;um olfactus organum, quòd in eo &longs;olo re
ceptacula analogica inueniat. Sed difficile fortè erit
captu organula hæc, corpu&longs;culave magnetica pene
trare non modò pannum, chartam, lignum, corpo
rave alia laxiora; verùm etiam marmor, quod antè
dicebam, aliquot cra&longs;&longs;um digitis, vltra quod ma
gnes commouere ferri ramenta, & fragminula ob
&longs;eruatur Attamen reuoca in mentem, illam, cuius
iam memini, &longs;ubtilitatem naturæ. Con&longs;idera etiam
numeris poris, meatuli&longs;que peruium; quanquam per
illos corpu&longs;cula cuiu&longs;cumque generis traijci non po&longs;
&longs;int. Scilicet corpu&longs;cula olei corpora peruadunt,
quæ corpu&longs;cula aquæ penetrare non po&longs;&longs;unt; &, &longs;i
accipias vas terreum optimè illitum, id quidem ne
que aquæ, neque olei penetrabunt corpu&longs;cula; &longs;ed
penetrabunt tamen corpu&longs;cula &longs;alis, atque adeò vias
&longs;ibi patulas, quæ aliis &longs;uerant cæcæ, imperviæque,
reperient. Sic corpu&longs;cula i&longs;ta non tran&longs;eunt per vi
trum, per quod tran&longs;eunt tamen corpu&longs;cula lucis,
& aliunde tamen corpu&longs;cula lucis ea non pertran
&longs;eunt, quæ corpu&longs;cula aquæ, olei, &longs;alis. Quippe
ni&longs;i proportio &longs;it magnitudinis, & figuræ inter mea
tulos, & corpu&longs;cula, quæ non po&longs;&longs;unt non e&longs;&longs;e in
ter &longs;e & inæqualis cra&longs;&longs;itudinis, & diuer&longs;imodè figu
rata, &longs;ieri pertran&longs;itio non pote&longs;t. Itaque mirum non
e&longs;t, &longs;i magnetis corpu&longs;cula meatulos &longs;ubeant, per
uadantque, per quos alia non traijciuntur, cùm ea
præ&longs;ertim &longs;ubtilitate e&longs;&longs;e valeant, vt in paucos, aut
etiam nullos non &longs;atis patulos incurrant.
XIV.
Verùm vbi conce&longs;&longs;um fuerit corpu&longs;cula
quædam ex magnete procedere, quæ ferrum ad ip
&longs;um pelliciant; intelligi-ne tamen pote&longs;t, aut qua
formâ &longs;int, vt attractionis organa fiant; aut quomo
do, quave ratione attractio per illa po&longs;&longs;it peragi? Heic &longs;anè pr&ecedil;&longs;ertìm conjectandum e&longs;t, cùm non mo
do difficile, &longs;ed impo&longs;&longs;ibile etiam &longs;it agno&longs;cere ger
manum modum, quo intima rerum natura admira
bileis illas &longs;uas operationes ex&longs;equitur. An-non
conijcio, ita confu&longs;è &longs;olùm balbutiam? &longs;i nihil tan
quam ratum, exploratúmque, & de quo dubitare
non liceat, diuendam, neque velim vnquam pr&ecedil;ju
dicium factum per&longs;crutantibus, excogitantibu&longs;que
meliora? Nullum non ver&longs;o lapidem, vt experiar, &longs;i
fortè quidpiam occurrat veri&longs;imile; & cum ingenuè
profitear e&longs;&longs;e vbique angu&longs;tias, videor mihi e&longs;&longs;e ex
cu&longs;atione non indignus, dum recantare &longs;emper pa
ratus, illud interim profero, quod videatur præ
cæteris &longs;imilitudinem habere cum vero. In hoc
negotio, cum videatur e&longs;&longs;e &longs;atis per&longs;picuum, non
po&longs;&longs;e vnum corpus attrahere aliud, ni&longs;i tran&longs;mittat
aliquid, quo illud ad &longs;e pertrahat; ecquis e&longs;t tamen
adeo &longs;olers, qui conijciat, aut explicet, cuiu&longs;modi
id &longs;it, quod magnes, qua&longs;i organum, vt ferrum ad &longs;e
accer&longs;at, tran&longs;mittit? A&longs;&longs;erere fortè po&longs;&longs;emus, id
e&longs;&longs;e qua&longs;i &longs;peciem &longs;en&longs;ibilis rei, qua animal pellicitur;
at durum fortè nimis e&longs;&longs;et animam quandam cum
Thalete, &longs;iue in magnete &longs;iue in ferro ponere Cùm
verò poni &longs;altem id debeat vt continuatum aliquid ex
magnete in ferrum v&longs;que; quònam modo habere
pote&longs;t harpagonis vim, &longs;i ex corpu&longs;culis di&longs;&longs;ociatis
con&longs;tat? &longs;i, cum emittitur, non vno extremo tene
tur, &longs;ed dimittitur? &longs;i &longs;acta extremi alterius in an&longs;u
las ferri injectione, non &longs;ubinde reducitur, &longs;ed con
tinenter impellitur
difficultatis? Et admitte concur&longs;us, complexu&longs;que
corpu&longs;culorum, cum Empedocle; adhibe vacui inter
ceptionem cum Democrito, fugam cum Platone,
crunt. An ergo præter cæterorum conjecturas, di
cere liceat concipi po&longs;&longs;e magneticos radios, ob con
tinentem emi&longs;&longs;ionem, eam rigiditatem tueri, vt fiant
qua&longs;i virgulæ, aut &longs;altem qua&longs;i chordulæ ten&longs;æ? Nempe tamet&longs;i ex contiguis duntaxat particulis con
&longs;tent; pote&longs;t nihilominùs continua &longs;uccedentium &longs;uf
fectio, inde&longs;inen&longs;que in&longs;tantia, ac vehemens propul
&longs;io rigiditatem illam creare; vt in aquæ ex&longs;ilitione
per angu&longs;tos tubulos manife&longs;tum e&longs;t fieri. Certè &
ip&longs;os lucis radios non videmur po&longs;&longs;e alia ratione
concipere, &longs;iue vibratos, &longs;iue repul&longs;os? An proinde vt
lucis radij ex vno quodam puncto prodeuntes, vbi
impinguntur in aquæ planitiem, quacúmque occur
runt poruli, meatulique, pertran&longs;eunt (quippe ana
logici &longs;unt) &longs;ed vnus directè, perpendiculariterve,
cæteri refractè, &longs;eu cum deflexione ad illum; ita
radij magnetici, quos in orbem effundi con&longs;tat (tan
quam ex vno centro prodeuntes) vbi impingun
tur in ferrum, quacúmque ip&longs;is poruli, meatulique
occurrerint, penetrant (&longs;cilicet analogici) &longs;ed vnus
directe (is nempe, qui per mediam molem, ac velu
ti axem grauitatis traijcitur) cæteri refractè, defle
xéque ad ip&longs;um? Quæcúmque certe e&longs;t in aqua &longs;o
lidiu&longs;cularum particularum di&longs;po&longs;itio, quæ radio
rum lucis refractionem faciat; eadem radiorum ma
gneticorum, proportione adhibita, facere refractio
nem pote&longs;t. An cùm vtrique radij &longs;olidas particu
las vrgeant, illas nempe, quæ ver&longs;us medium, per
pendicularemve &longs;unt radium, vt pote in quas defle-
robu&longs;tiores &longs;unt, & parteis magnetis vehementiùs
premunt? Cum radij certè ita refracti, &longs;int qua&longs;i chor
dulæ deflexæ, &, vt mox dicebamus, ten&longs;æ, non
po&longs;&longs;unt non premere, & vrgere parteis, quæ intra
ip&longs;um angulum deflexionis comprehenduntur. An
ex hac pre&longs;&longs;ione intelligi pote&longs;t adigi ferrum ver&longs;us
magnetem, vt pote omnibus chordulis factis qua&longs;i
bracchiis, quorum qua&longs;i cubiti, & articuli &longs;int in
ip&longs;is deflexionibus; quæque con&longs;pirent omnia in
adigendo ad ip&longs;um ferro? Parem profectò adactio
nem experiri licet, &longs;i firmati &longs;imùl ad parietem ali
quot funiculi traijciantur per foraminula in globo,
aut cra&longs;&longs;iu&longs;culo a&longs;&longs;ere ita comparata, vt medium
&longs;it directo ductu, cæteri à parte citeriore in vlte
riorem non nihil deflexum ver&longs;us medium habeant. Nempe &longs;i funiculo medio inten&longs;o manente, ductum
que &longs;olùm dirigente, cæteri ponè conducantur, &longs;i
mùlque tendantur, globum, a&longs;&longs;eremve &longs;ic prement,
vt ip&longs;um compellant in locum parietis, vnde ortum
habent. An hac ratione intelligi licet, non allici
ferrum, ni&longs;i ex certa di&longs;tantia, quod ex radiis in or
bem fu&longs;is, ac magis, magi&longs;que continuò rare&longs;cen
tibus, aut nulli, aut nimis pauci, quibus &longs;uperetur
ponderis re&longs;i&longs;tentia, ad ferrum pertingant? attrahi
ferrum tantò potentiùs, quantò propinquius fuerit;
quòd crebriores &longs;int radij, atque adeò chordulæ plu
res, &longs;eu plura qua&longs;i bracchiola, quibus corripiatur,
atque pertrahatur? teneri ferrum ip&longs;i magneti ar
cti&longs;&longs;imè junctum, quod &longs;ingulæ chordulæ, & qua&longs;i
eiu&longs;modi cætera? An licet quoque intelligi &longs;ucci
num, ceram ob&longs;ignatoriam, electricaque cætera ideò
attrahere fe&longs;tucas, filamenta, papyracea fragminula,
&longs;imilei&longs;que alias leuiculas res; quòd pinguem ex &longs;e
halitum emittant, con&longs;tantem ex radiolis, quirerum
porulos &longs;ubeuntes, pariratione deflectantur, & qua&longs;i
decu&longs;&longs;entur, re&longs;que ip&longs;as ver&longs;us id, vnde proflu
xerunt, diuergere faciant, premant, compellant,
perducant; de&longs;umpto indicio vel ex eo, quòd ele
ctrica i&longs;ta corpora non trahant, ni&longs;i priùs affricta ve
&longs;ti, tapeti, alijverei; vt eo &longs;cilicet affrictu excitetur,
ex&longs;iliatque pinguis halitus, &longs;uam qua&longs;i prædam re
portaturus?
XV.
Quor&longs;ùm verò i&longs;ta tam multa?
Nimirùm
vt intelligamus, quomodo e&longs;&longs;e in Terra po&longs;&longs;it ma
gnetica vis, qua corpora omnia, quæ dicuntur gra
uia, trahantur deor&longs;ùm, perpendiculariterve in ip
&longs;am. Ac e&longs;&longs;e quidem in ip&longs;a Terra aliquam eiu&longs;mo
divim, confirmari aliunde melius, quàm ex effectu
ip&longs;o non pote&longs;t; quare, vt quæ e&longs;t in magnete, non
aliunde, quam ex ip&longs;a ferri attractione conuincitur;
ita, quæ e&longs;&longs;e in Terra &longs;upponitur, non aliunde, quàm
ex attractione lapidum, cæterorumque pote&longs;t con
uinci. Quod ad modum verò attractionis &longs;pectat,
idem plane dicendum e&longs;t, proportione tamen &longs;er
uata, quod de magnete iam diximus. Subijcio pro
inde veri&longs;imile e&longs;&longs;e, quemadmodum virtus magne
tis ita in orbem diffunditur, vt corpu&longs;cula radio&longs;è
ex&longs;ilientia tantò rariora fiant, quantò procedunt
&longs;uperatâ quadam di&longs;tantiâ, attractioni imparia, ac
tandem nulla &longs;int; eodem modo Telluris globum
itaillam &longs;uam attractricem vim in orbem diffundere,
vt corpu&longs;culorum emi&longs;&longs;orum radij &longs;ummoperè tan
dem rare&longs;cant, neque ex quacúmque di&longs;tantia (vt, &longs;i
velis, &longs;upra-lunari, aut extra-mundana) attrahere la
pidem po&longs;&longs;int. Concipe certè lapidem in &longs;patiis illis
imaginaris, quæ &longs;unt proten&longs;a vltra hunc mundum,
& in quibus po&longs;&longs;et Deus alios mundos condere; an
cen&longs;eas ip&longs;um illicô vbicon&longs;titutus illeic fuerit, ver
&longs;us hanc Terram conuolaturum, & non potiùs vbi
fuerit &longs;emel po&longs;itus, immotum man&longs;urum, vt putà
qua&longs;i non habentem neque &longs;ur&longs;ùm, neque deor&longs;ùm,
quò tendere, aut vnde recedere valeat? Si cen&longs;eas
fore, vt hûc feratur; imaginare non modò Terram,
verùm etiam totum mundum e&longs;&longs;e in nihilum reda
ctum, &longs;patiáque hæc e&longs;&longs;e perinde inania, ac ante
quàm Deus mundum conderet; tunc &longs;altem, quia
centrum non erit, &longs;patiáque omnia erunt &longs;imilia;
cen&longs;ebis lapidem non hûc acce&longs;&longs;urum, &longs;ed in loco
illo fixum perman&longs;urum. Re&longs;tituatur mundus, &
in ip&longs;o Terra, an lapis &longs;tatim hûc contendet? Si fieri
dicas, oportet &longs;anè &longs;entiri Terram à lapide, deberé
que proinde Terram tran&longs;mittere in ip&longs;um vim
quandam, atque adeò corpu&longs;cula, quibus &longs;ui &longs;en&longs;um
illi imprimat, &longs;e&longs;eque re&longs;titutam, ac in eodem loco
denuò ex&longs;i&longs;tentem veluti renunciet. Secùs enim
quomodo capis po&longs;&longs;e lapidem allici ad Terram? ld verò &longs;i ita futurum &longs;it, quid-nam aliud arguitur
tere, quòd corpu&longs;culis ab illa tran&longs;mi&longs;&longs;is ad eam alli
ciantur. Et fac iam certum aliquod aëris nos am
bientis &longs;patium fierià Deo pror&longs;ùs inane, adeò vt ne
que ex Terra, neque aliunde aliquid in ip&longs;um perue
niat: an con&longs;titutus in eo lapis feretur in Terram,
centrumve ip&longs;ius? Certè non magis, quàm con&longs;titu
tus in &longs;patiis illis vltra-mundanis; quia ip&longs;i nihil ne
que cùm Terra, neque cum alia re quacumque mun
di ip&longs;ius communicanti, perinde erit, ac &longs;i Mundus,
Terraque, aut centrum non e&longs;&longs;et, nihilque retum
ex&longs;i&longs;teret. An-non igitur, &longs;i in Terram iam fettur,
ideò ferri putandum e&longs;t, quòd aliquid ip&longs;um circum
&longs;tet, quicum communicationem habeat, & maximè
ex parte Terræ, à quo pertrahatur; &longs;i id quidem non
&longs;ufficit, quod &longs;upernè e&longs;t, vt ab eo pellatur? Nec te
moretur, quòd tanta moles, quantaingentis Saxi e&longs;t,
non videatur compelli po&longs;&longs;e tenuïbus adeò chordu
lis; nam con&longs;idera etiam quam tenüibus magna ferri
moles ad magneticum lapillum trahatur. Addo &longs;a
xa, & cætera corpora, quæ dicuntur grauia, non
eam habere ad motum re&longs;i&longs;tentiam, quam vulgò
concipimus. Vides quippe &longs;i ingens moles appen
datur funiculo, quàm leuicula vi &longs;it opus, vt è loco
dimoueatur, & pror&longs;ùm, retro: &longs;ùmque eat. Cur
maiore ergo opus &longs;it, vt cieri deor&longs;ùm po&longs;&longs;it? Nec
dicas verò e&longs;&longs;e majorem, ob motum magis perni
cem; etenim cùm primum deor&longs;ùm
tus illius pernix non e&longs;t, &longs;ed lenti&longs;&longs;imus potiùs, cau
&longs;áque dicenda mox e&longs;t, ob quam deinceps accelere-Adnoto intereà vim illam quæ ex chordularum
in&longs;en&longs;ilium &longs;ingularibus viribus conflatur, & con&longs;tat,
comptobari tantam, quantam &longs;uperari oportet, vt
manus, aut res alia grauitantem rem, velut lapidem,
abducat à Terra. Et vides profectò quid fieri videa
tur, dum lapis tibi ip&longs;um è Terra attollere conanti
re&longs;i&longs;tir. Nempe tot illæ chordulæ &longs;uis deflexioni
bus, & qua&longs;i decu&longs;&longs;ationibus illum implexum de
tinent; & ni&longs;i vis maior interueniat, quæ eas defle
xiones, decu&longs;&longs;atione&longs;que promoueat, &longs;trictione&longs;que
fieri vlteriùs cogat, nunquam à Terra lapis tolletur. Heinc fit, vt quantò vis externa, &longs;eu quæ a manu,
aliave re extrin&longs;ecùs imprimitur, pluribus gradibus
vim illam chordularum &longs;uperauerit, tantò lapis ef
feratur &longs;ublimiùs; quantò paucioribus, tantò humi
liùs. Fit eriam, vt impre&longs;&longs;a vis initio pollens vehe
menter pellat, quia nondum refracta e&longs;t; deinceps
verò &longs;egniùs, &longs;egniu&longs;que, quoniam ip&longs;i &longs;emperaliqui
gradus adimuntur: donec ille &longs;olus &longs;upei&longs;it, quo
exæquetur vichordularum. Idque ad eum penè mo
dum, quo, &longs;i aduer&longs;us torrentem nitaris, poteris
quidem aliquov&longs;que, vigente conatu, occurrenteis
vndas pro&longs;cindere; &longs;ed quòd interim tamen vnda
impellente vndam conatus &longs;en&longs;im refiingatur (quia
quod ab vna &longs;upere&longs;t, à &longs;uccedente detrahitur) co
gê
rentem. Fit denique, vt &longs;i duo lapides, duove
globi ex eadem materia veluti ex plumbo, vnus pu
&longs;illus alius ingens, &longs;imùl dimittantur ex eadem altitu
dine, codem momento ad Terram perueniant, ac
minore velocitate, quàm ingens, tamet&longs;i &longs;it cen
tum, & plurium librarum. Videlicet pluribus qui
dem chordulis attrahitur ingens, &longs;ed plureis etiam par
ticulas attrahendas habet; adeò vt fiat commen&longs;ura
tio inter vim, ac molem, & ex vtraque vtrobique
tantum &longs;it, quantum ad motum &longs;ufficit eodem tem
pore peragendum. Id permirum; &longs;i globi fuerint ex
diuer&longs;a materia, vt alter plumbeus, alter ligneus,
vix quicquam tardiùs attingi Terram ab vno, quàm
ab alio, hoc e&longs;t à ligneo, quàm à plumbeo; quo
niam pari modo fit commen&longs;uratio, dum totidem
particulis totidem chordulæ de&longs;tinantur. Et e&longs;t nihil
ominùs tantillum, tamet&longs;i prope modùm in&longs;en&longs;ibile
di&longs;crimen; quòd ob raritatem materiæ majorem,
aër &longs;e non-nihil magis intermi&longs;ceat, non nihilque
magis ad motum deorsùm re&longs;i&longs;tat.
XVI.
Quæres obiter, quid-nam eueniret illi lapi
di, quem a&longs;&longs;ump&longs;i concipi po&longs;&longs;e in &longs;patiis illis inani
bus, &longs;i à quiete exturbatus aliqua vi impelleretur? Re&longs;pondeo probabile e&longs;&longs;e, fore, vt æquabiliter, in
de&longs;inenter que moueretur; & lentè quidem, celeriter
ve, proüt &longs;emel paruus, aut magnus impre&longs;&longs;us foret
impetus. Argumentum verò de&longs;umo ex æquabilita
te illa motus horizontalis iam expo&longs;ita; cùm ille vi
deatur aliunde non de&longs;inere, ni&longs;i ex admi&longs;tione mo
tus perpendicularis; adeò vt, quia in illis &longs;patiis nul
la e&longs;&longs;et perpendicularis admi&longs;tio, in quamcúmque
partem foret motus inceptus, horizontalis in&longs;tar e&longs;
&longs;et, & neque acceleraretur, retardareturve, neque Et vis aliquod (quale
certè haberi pote&longs;t) experimentum? Appende &longs;ilo
plumbum, lapidemve, qui in perpendiculo con
quie&longs;cat, ac po&longs;teà illum pror&longs;ùm impelle; concipies
hunc motum, ex &longs;e, æquabilem, perpetuumque e&longs;&longs;e. Cùm tantulam enim impre&longs;&longs;eris vim, vnde &longs;it, vt
lapis totics excurrat, recurratque, ac excurrendo,
recurendóque tantum in&longs;umat temporis? Non exi
&longs;tima&longs;&longs;es profectò motum tanti corporis ex tantula
vi tandiù duraturum. Sed nempe lapidis attractio,
quæ à Terra fit, à fi o cohibetur, &longs;ieque lapis inter
duas oppo&longs;itas vireis veluti indifferens manet; vnde
&longs;i illum tran&longs;uer&longs;ùm pellas, motum imprimas, ad
quem non habeat re&longs;i&longs;tentiam; &longs;icque, ni&longs;i aliud in
terueniat, tueri illum con&longs;tanter po&longs;&longs;it. Neque ob
&longs;tat, quòd motus omninô tran&longs;uer&longs;us, &longs;iue &longs;ecun
dum horizontem non &longs;it, &longs;ed fiat obliquè, ac &longs;ur
&longs;um; nam quia licet filum retineat, tum tamen etiam
Terra retrahit; vt & quando Terra deor&longs;ùm redu
cit, tunc quoque filum retinet; heinc e&longs;t, cur facta
i&longs;tarum v
hoc capite tollatur impre&longs;&longs;i motus con&longs;tantia. Et
quamuis tolli videatur æqu bilitas, quatenùs lapis in
tran&longs;cur&longs;u per infimum punctum, &longs;iue perpendicu
lum, celerrimè mouetur, tardi&longs;&longs;imè verò in a&longs;cen
&longs;
locis; nihilominùs ea&longs;emper æquabilitas per&longs;euerat,
vt omnium excur&longs;uum, recur&longs;uumque durationes
æquales &longs;int; hoc e&longs;t, &longs;ub initium fint quidem ma
joies, &longs;ub finem minores: &longs;ed non proptercà vn-
tem &longs;emper attractionem, retractionemque æqua
lem; & quòd aliunde continenter fiat compen&longs;atio
inter vim mouentem re&longs;iduam, & percurrendum re
&longs;iduum &longs;patium. Quî fit ergo vt vis continuò mi
nüatur, decurtenturque continuò &longs;patia, ac motus
ille denique ce&longs;&longs;et? Cau&longs;am duplicem Galileus a&longs;&longs;i
gnat. Altera e&longs;t aër, qui in omni vibratione lapidi
nonnihil re&longs;i&longs;tat, atque idcircô impre&longs;&longs;am vim, &longs;iue
impetum nonnihil continuò refringat. Altera pon
dus ip&longs;ius fili, omniumve eius particularum. Nam
quia quò filum e&longs;t breuius, eò vibrationes, &longs;iue ex
cur&longs;us, recur&longs;u&longs;que frequentiores &longs;unt; fac in longio
re illo filo, quo appendi&longs;ti lapidem, appen&longs;os e&longs;&longs;e &longs;in
gulos lapillos ad &longs;ingulos digitos; agno&longs;ces illum, qui
erit appen&longs;us ad primum digitum: niti vt recurrat, dum
qui erit appen&longs;us ad &longs;ecundum adhûc excurret; quare
& huius excur&longs;um non-nihil decurtatum
renitentiam, quæ ab illo fit; ac pari ratione decur
tatum iri excur&longs;um tertij, & con&longs;equenter excur&longs;um
quarti, ac cæterorum; adeò vt denique lapis infi
mus ex&longs;i&longs;tens, cogatur etiam nonnihil excur&longs;um &longs;uum
decurtare, ob factam re&longs;i&longs;tentiam à lapillis &longs;ingulis,
qui etiam tantò frequentiùs renitentur, quantò al
tiores fuerint; videbi&longs;que lapidem qua&longs;i laborare, vt
&longs;eriem huiu&longs;cemodi qua&longs;i &longs;arcinularum non &longs;ponte
abductarum, trahat. Non &longs;unto deinde lapilli, &longs;ed
illorum loco habe totidem fili particulas: profectò
& illæ, cùm non-nihil pendant, lapillorum in&longs;tar
&longs;unt, & pro &longs;arcinulis habentur; quæ impetum la-
tinuò refringant. Quod per&longs;picuè magis vt nôris,
appende eundem lapidem ad eiu&longs;dem quidem lon
gitudinis, &longs;ed in æqualis tamen cra&longs;&longs;itudinis, ac pro
inde ponderis filum; & deprehendes, quò id cra&longs;
&longs;ius erit, eo citiùs motum de&longs;iturum, tanquam vi
brationibus &longs;ingulis &longs;en&longs;ibiliùs decurtatis; ita vt
v&longs;urpata cra&longs;&longs;iore chorda, aut etiam virga, catenáve
ferrea, per paucas omninò vibrationes habiturus &longs;is,
ac motum parùm duraturum. Heinc, quia quò erit
aër purior, & filum tenuïus, eò vibrationes plures
erunt, & motus prolixior, finge aërem ad v&longs;que ina
nis tenuïtatem e&longs;&longs;e redactum, atque idcircô nihil re
&longs;i&longs;tentem; finge & non filum, &longs;ed radium incorpo
reum, qui nullius &longs;it ponderis, neque partibus &longs;uis
renitatur; an-non capis fore vt lapis appen&longs;us im
pre&longs;&longs;um &longs;emel motum con&longs;tanti&longs;&longs;imè tueatur; &longs;cili
cet omneis vibrationes non æqualibus modò tem
poribus peragens, &longs;ed æqualibus etiam arcubus con
tinuò perficiens? Hæc porrô omnia aliò non tendunt,
quàm vt intelligamus motum per &longs;patium inane im
pre&longs;&longs;um, vbi nihil neque attrahit, neque retinet, ne
que omninô renititur, æquabilem fore, ac perpe
tuum; atque exinde colligamus, omnem pror&longs;ùs mo
tum, qui lapidi imprimitur, e&longs;&longs;e ex &longs;e huiu&longs;modi; adeò
vt in quamcúmque partem lapidem conjeceris, &longs;i
quo momento à manu emittitur, &longs;upponas omnia
vi diuina, lapide excepto, in nihilum redigi; euen
turum &longs;it, vt lapis motum &longs;uum perpetuò, ac in
eandem partem, in quam manus ip&longs;um direxerit, Ni&longs;i iam faciat, cau&longs;am videri admi
&longs;tionem motus perpendicularis, ob attractionem à
Terra factam interuenientis, quæ diuergere illum à
tramite faciat (neque ce&longs;&longs;et, quov&longs;que ip&longs;um ad
Terram v&longs;que perduxerit) vt dum ramenta ferri
prope magnetem tran&longs;iecta non rectà pergunt, &longs;ed
ver&longs;us magnetem diuertuntur; aut dum vniuer&longs;e rei,
quæ mouetur, oblique occurrimus, ip&longs;amque in obli
quam deflectimus plagam.
XVII. Nunc, tandem, cùm præter cau&longs;am impel
lentem, etiam attrahens excogitata fuerit; ea-ne po
tis e&longs;t id præ&longs;tare quod priùs de&longs;iderabatur? Vide
tur e&longs;&longs;e; neque id modò, &longs;ed & videtur attrahens
vnà cum impellente euadere integra cau&longs;a eius pro
portionis, qua velocitas continuò incre&longs;cit. Nam
primùm &longs;i id repetas, quod paulò ante dicebamus
de inani facto, quod &longs;upra Terram e&longs;t, &longs;patio in
quo po&longs;itus &longs;emel lapis con&longs;i&longs;teret; concipe corpus
aëris ita à Deo reftitui, lapidemque circumam
bire, vt nulla tamen vis attractrix ex Terra ad eum
perueniat; & peruidebis non fore cur lapis ab im
motò aëre in vnam partem potius moueatur, quàm
in aliam. Finge quippe cætera de&longs;trui, & nihil &longs;uper
e&longs;&longs;e præter lapidem, cum circum&longs;tante aëre; agno&longs;
ces profectò aërem ex &longs;e non e&longs;&longs;e lapidem in vnam
potiù&longs;quàm in aliam partem impul&longs;urum. Concipe
deinde re&longs;titui non aerem, &longs;ed &longs;olum effluuium ma
gneticorum radiorum ex Terra; & peruidebis e&longs;&longs;e
cur lapis po&longs;&longs;it à quiete exturbari, & ver&longs;us Teriam
attrahi. Itaque vis Terræ attractrix e&longs;&longs;e ea cau&longs;a po-
Concipe
denique re&longs;titui aërem &longs;imùl cu
uidebis lapidem po&longs;&longs;e adhûc à quie&longs;cendo de&longs;i&longs;te
re, ac ver&longs;us Terram allici, quòd tamet&longs;i aër inferior
(&longs;eu qui &longs;ub ip&longs;o) nonnihil re&longs;i&longs;tat, propter qualem
cúmque corpulentiam; nihilo minùs vis attractrix tan
ta e&longs;&longs;e valeat, quæ & ciendo lapidi, & &longs;uperandæ
aëris re&longs;i&longs;tentiæ &longs;ufficiaIgitur cau&longs;a hæc attrahens
habere pote&longs;tvnde id &longs;uppleat, quod vi&longs;um e&longs;t im
pellenti dee&longs;&longs;e. Secundò, &longs;i id repetas, quod di
ctum e&longs;t de lapide in &longs;patiis illis imaginariis, &longs;eu in
inani con&longs;tituto; concipis iam, &longs;i cau&longs;a quæpiam le
uiculo ictu eum pellat, fore vt moueatur æquabili
planè, ac perpetuo motu, ni&longs;i obex occurrerit. Concipe deinde, cùm ita mouetur, pelli ictu con
&longs;imili; tunc quia motus præcedens non de&longs;truetur,
coïbunt duo motus in vnum, qui &longs;it priore velocior
duplò, quique pari modo &longs;it futurus ex &longs;e æquabi
lis, atque perpetuus. Concipe rur&longs;ùs pelli tertio, &
con&longs;imili ictu; tunc quia prior motus ex duobus
qua&longs;i gradibus compo&longs;itus per&longs;euerabit, fiet coa
litio noui motus &longs;eu gradus; &longs;iue erit deinceps mo
tus, qui &longs;it triplò velocior primo. Concipe po&longs;teà
pelli quarto, pelli quinto, & aliis; agno&longs;ce&longs;que fore,
vt velocitas tantùm, ac tandiu incrementum accipiat,
quantùm, & quandiùictus repetentur. Ni&longs;i facilèid
concipias, con&longs;titue exqui&longs;itum globum &longs;upra ex
qui&longs;itam, libellatámque planitiem, & leui primum
ictu eum impelle; deprehendes moueri ip&longs;um peni
tùs æquabiliter. Impelle alio pari ictu; deprehendes
lociorem; impelle quarto, adhûc magis; atque ita
porrô; adeò vt clarum e&longs;&longs;e videatur, velocitatem
motus non aliunde incre&longs;cere, quàm ex eo, quòd mo
bile dum in motu e&longs;t, de nouo mouetur, &longs;eu nouum
impul&longs;um accipit à cau&longs;a externa. Neque verò, cùm
impul&longs;um dico, attractum non intelligo: quippe
cùm attrahere nihil aliud &longs;it, quàm recuruato in&longs;tru
mento ver&longs;um &longs;e impellere; & per&longs;picuum &longs;it lapi
dem, globumve memoratum tam impelli vno, plu
ribu&longs;ve ictibus po&longs;&longs;e, &longs;i quis ip&longs;um antecedendo cur
uis digitis adigat, quàm &longs;i &longs;ub&longs;equendo deuexis
propellat. Tertiò, cùm de motus deor&longs;ùm accele
ratione agatur, con&longs;tat iam, &longs;iue aër &longs;olus &longs;upernè
impellat, &longs;iue Terra &longs;ola infernè accer&longs;at, &longs;iue aër,
& Terra &longs;imùl vireis conferant, non e&longs;&longs;e &longs;atis, vt la
pidi vnicus initio ictus imprimatur; &longs;ed e&longs;&longs;e nece&longs;&longs;a
rium, vt noui, nouique imprimantur continuò; alio
quin enim lapis non acceleraret gradum, &longs;ed ferre
tur motu vt æquabili, ita imperceptibili; &longs;egni&longs;&longs;imo
videlicet, propter tenuïtatem &longs;implicis conatus,
&longs;eu vniciictus penè nullam vim. Cùm verò &longs;eu &longs;ola
impul&longs;io, &longs;eu &longs;ola attractio ad accelerationem &longs;uffi
ciat; quid-nam cau&longs;æ e&longs;&longs;e putabis, cur cen&longs;eam
vtramque e&longs;&longs;e conNempe in cau&longs;a pro
portio e&longs;t, qua dictum e&longs;t antè accelerationem fieri,
Nam fac vnicam e&longs;&longs;e cau&longs;am, exempli gratiâ attra
ctionem; concipies quidem ex dictis &longs;equi, vt quia
radij magnetici, qua&longs;i &longs;tringentes chordulæ, con
tinentem motum, &longs;iue impetum lapidi imprimunt,
tur, &longs;ed per&longs;eueret in &longs;ecundo, in quo alius &longs;imilis
imprimitur, qui priori junctus per&longs;eueret vnà cum
illo in tertio; in quo alius &longs;imilis adjungitur, atque
ita con&longs;equenter; adeò vt impetus ex continua illa
adjectione continuò incre&longs;cat, motu&longs;que &longs;emper ve
locior fiat. Verùm facile erit peruidere
adjectione incrementuum celeritatis &longs;ecundum vni
tatum &longs;eriem; nempe ita vt in primo momento &longs;it vnus
velocitatis gradus, in &longs;ecundo &longs;int duo, in tertio tres,
in quarto quatuor; & in primo momento, lapis de&longs;
cendat vnum v.c. orgyiam, in &longs;ecundo duas, in ter
tio treis, in quarto quatuor; vnde & aggregando
dici po&longs;&longs;it in fine primi momenti ca&longs;um e&longs;&longs;e factum
vnius orgyiæ, in fine &longs;ecundi trium, in fine tertij
&longs;ex, in fine quarti decem. Cæterùm con&longs;tat ex &longs;u
pra dictis, talem &longs;eriem non ob&longs;eruari; &longs;ed ob&longs;erua
ri potiùs &longs;eriem numerorum imparium ab vnitate
incipientium; & aggregando numerum orgyiarum
in fine cuiu&longs;que momenti deprehendi quadratum;
nempe non vnum, tria, &longs;ex, decem; &longs;ed vnum, qua
tuor, nouem &longs;exdecim, &c. Et loco attractionis
v&longs;urpa impul&longs;ionem: v&longs;urpa grauitatem, vt vulgò
accipitur; v&longs;urpa quamcúm que cau&longs;am &longs;implicem;
idem penitùs con&longs;equetur.
XVIII.
Itaque experiundum re&longs;tat, an conjungendo
vtramque cau&longs;am, quæ e&longs;t ob&longs;eruata &longs;equatur pro
portio. Dictum e&longs;t iam initium motus e&longs;&longs;e non po&longs;&longs;e
ab aëre; itaque nece&longs;&longs;arium e&longs;t in primo momento
&longs;ola Terra agat, vnicu&longs;que, & &longs;implex ictus impri-
aëris infernè jacentis vincatur. Subnoto autem ean
dem proportionem, qua percurruntur orgyiæ, &
percurrerentur &longs;tadia, ac milliaria, &longs;itantùm ex alto
po&longs;&longs;et aliquid cadere, eádem percurri pedes, digitos,
grana, & &longs;patia quælibet in&longs;en&longs;ilia, ad ip&longs;a v&longs;que
minima: Quare po&longs;&longs;e quoque accipi momenta non
&longs;olùm cuiu&longs;inodi &longs;unt interualla pul&longs;ationum arteriæ,
&longs;ed etiam minora, minoraque, & minimis quibu&longs;que
illis &longs;patij partibus re&longs;pondentia: Ac eadem ratione
po&longs;&longs;e accipinon modo majores, & compo&longs;itos ve
locitatis gradus; &longs;ed minimos etiam, atque &longs;impli
ces, quorum nempe vnus &longs;ufficere po&longs;&longs;it mobili ci
endo per vnum ex illis &longs;patiis minimis, & in mini
mo vno momentorum. Igitur cùm primum mo
mentum accipio, minimum intelligo, in quo vnus,
& &longs;implex ictus per attractionem imprimatur, per
agaturque minimum &longs;patium, motu ex&longs;i&longs;tente &longs;im
plici, & cui deinceps accedere, ex repetitis icti
bus, gradus celeritatis po&longs;&longs;int. Porrô quia aër
infernè pre&longs;&longs;us circum&longs;tantem premit, neque v&longs;
quam patet &longs;uccedendi libertas, ni&longs;i quà &longs;upernè
&longs;patium intereà de&longs;eritur, ideò fit, vt aër &longs;ecun
dum latera re&longs;iliens in &longs;uperiorem locum concurrat;
derelictumque locum inuadat. Et quoniam non po
te&longs;t hæc inua&longs;io fieri, quin aer accurrens vrgeat la
pidem; idcircô fit, vt &longs;ecundo momento duplex de
nouo imprimatut ictus, vnus à Terra, quæ pergit
attrahere, alius ab aere, qui incipit vrgere. I&longs;ti
autem &longs;unt duo motus, &longs;iue celeritatis gradus, qui
&longs;int tres. In tertio autem momento pergente Terra
attrahere, & aere impellere, imprimuntur rur&longs;us
duo ictus noui, qui cum tribus prioribus, & per
&longs;euerantibus juncti &longs;int quinque. Ita in quarto mo
mento imprimuntur alij duo, qui cum prioribus &longs;int
&longs;eptem; in quinto duo qui cum prioribus &longs;int no
uem, atque ita con&longs;equenter &longs;ecundum &longs;eriem nu
merorum, qui ab vnitate cœperint, imparium: cùm
interim &longs;patia acqui&longs;ita in fine cuiu&longs;que momenti,
&longs;int &longs;emper inter &longs;e eadem proportione, qua mo
mentorum ip&longs;orum quadrata, veluti iam attigimus. Hæc ergo demùm mihi videtur exi&longs;timari po&longs;&longs;e cau
&longs;a tum motus deor&longs;ùm, tum accelerationis eiu&longs;dem,
tum proportionis, qua acceleratur. Vt verò &longs;imul
facilè capias quomodo vniformitas incrementi per
æqualia momen
ta fiat, huiu&longs;ce
modi concipe fi
guram. Intelliga
tur in puncto A
fieri angulum ex
ductis ab eo dua
bus lineis AB,
AC; eæ comple
ctentur interual
lum continuò,
formiterque
cens. Diuidantur &longs;ineæ in parteis aliquot æqua
leis, ducanturque per puncta diui&longs;ionnm qua&longs;i ba&longs;es
plures, &longs;i velis; itemque diui&longs;a in totidem parteis
KL, ducantur parallelæ DM, FN, HO; & EO,
GN, IM: di&longs;pe&longs;cetur &longs;patium in eos, quos vides
triangulos, inter &longs;e&longs;e omninò pareis. Concipe iam
lineas ab angulo incipientes repræ&longs;entare tempus ab
aliquo puncto æquabiliter fluens, & parteis linearum
æqualeis repræ&longs;entare æqualeis parteis, &longs;iue mo
menta temporis. Concipe rur&longs;ùs interuallum vnifor
miter cre&longs;cens repræ&longs;entare velocitatem vniformi
ter incre&longs;centem, & quos pareis triangulos vides,
totidem gradus velocitatis, & con&longs;equenter parteis
&longs;patij, quod graue decidens percurrit. Tunc agno&longs;
ces &longs;anè, cùm in primo momento &longs;it vnus gradus
impetus, &longs;eu velocitatis, acquiri in &longs;ecundo treis, in
tertio quinque, in quarto &longs;eptem, qui progre&longs;&longs;us e&longs;t
numerorum ab vnitate imparium. Et aiiunde, &longs;i du
cas lineam, quæ diui&longs;a in &longs;exdecim parteis referat
orgyiarum &longs;exdecim altitudinem; agno&longs;ces cur gra
ue in fine primi momenti de&longs;cenderit vnam orgyiam,
in fine &longs;ecundi quatuor, in fine tertij nouem, in fine
quarti &longs;exdecim: quia nempe ita &longs;e habere aggre
gando intelliguntur memorati trianguli in fine
cuiu&longs;que repræ&longs;entati momenti. Agno&longs;ces quoque,
cur idem graue &longs;ur&longs;ùm projectum &longs;ecundum ean
dem lineam tanto tempore a&longs;cendat, quanto de&longs;
cendit, & velocitas motus eius eadem ratione a&longs;cen
dendo decre&longs;cat, qua de&longs;cendendo incre&longs;cit Quia
&longs;i &longs;upponas vim proiectricem indidi&longs;&longs;e illi &longs;eptem ve
locitatis gradus, vt &longs;unt &longs;eptem trianguli ad infi-
primo momento &longs;eptem fuerint, in &longs;ecuhdo &longs;int tan
tùm quinque, in tertio tantùm tres, in primo tan
tùm vnus. Memorià autem tenendum e&longs;t, loqui nos
&longs;emper tantùm de eo, quod e&longs;t perpendiculare in
motu; cùm id quidem, quod e&longs;t horizontale, e&longs;&longs;e
ex &longs;e æquabile, aliquoties dam inculcatum &longs;it. Præ
tereò &longs;eruari eandem proportionem, &longs;igraue decidat
non ad perpendiculum, &longs;ed &longs;upra planum horizonti
obliquum; nam &longs;egniùs id quidem pro ratione obli
quitatis, &longs;ed facto nihilominùs eadem ratione incre
mento, vt experiri licet globulis demi&longs;&longs;is per tubulos
vitreos, cuiu&longs;modi confici plureis in hunc v&longs;um cura
uimus. Prætereo eandem quoque &longs;eruari circa nu
merum vibrationum, &longs;iue excur&longs;uum, recur&longs;uúmque
vt diximas, rerum pen&longs;ilium, quatenus chordatum,
quibus appenduntur, longitudines &longs;unt vt quadra
ta vibrationum: adeò vt, &longs;i ex quatuor chordis prima
&longs;it vnius pedis, &longs;ecunda quatuor, tertia nouem, quar
ta &longs;exdecim, quo tempore quartum pen&longs;ile peraget
vnam vibrationem, tertium peragat duas, &longs;ecundum
treis, & primum quatuor. Prætercò tandem exinde
e&longs;&longs;e, vnde tam Galileus, quàm Mer&longs;ennus no&longs;ter, &
alij definiant quanto tempore lapis ca&longs;urus in cen
trum v&longs;que (&longs;i perforatam Terram concedas) ex &longs;uper
ficie fuerit, quanto ex Luna, quanto ex Sole, quanto
ex &longs;ideribus fixis. Supponunt quippe eandem acce
lerationis proportionem &longs;eruari; tamet&longs;i cx eo ca
pite non videatur eadem futura; quòd eadem vbique
impellens, attrahen&longs;que vis futura non &longs;it.
XIX.
Vnum addo; nempe licere ex i&longs;tis in
telligi, quid &longs;entiendum &longs;it de difficultate vulgò
excitatata circa vim impre&longs;&longs;am projectinbus. Re
quiritur quippe quid nam hæc vis &longs;it in re mobili? quomodo in ea imprimatur?
quomodo perduret?
quomodo euane&longs;cat?
Enimverò, cùm haberi &longs;oleat
vt vis actiua lapidem mouens; videtur tamen vis
actiua, quæ projectionis cau&longs;a e&longs;t, e&longs;&longs;e in ip&longs;o pro
ijciente, non verò in projectare, quæ merè pa&longs;&longs;iuè
&longs;e habet. Id, quod in re projecta e&longs;t, motus e&longs;t,
quilicet interdum nominetur vis, impetus, &c. (vt
etiam aliquoties à nobis factitatum e&longs;t, dum, vt fa
ciliùs intelligamur, familares voces, quantum po&longs;
&longs;umus, retinemus) non proptereà tamen aliud quid
piam e&longs;t reip&longs;â, quàm ip&longs;emet motus. Et &longs;anè vnus,
idemque motus, vel per Ari&longs;totelem, actio &longs;imùl,
& pa&longs;&longs;io e&longs;t; actio proüt e&longs;t à mouente, pa&longs;&longs;io, proüt
in mobili: quare vt in mouente e&longs;t vis actiua, qua,
moueat; ita in mobili vis pa&longs;&longs;iua, qua moueatur:
& dum mobile reip&longs;â mouetur, non in eo quærenda
e&longs;t vis actiua, quæ in mouente &longs;olo nece&longs;&longs;aria fuit,
&longs;ed pa&longs;&longs;iua &longs;olùm, quæ in eo e&longs;t, & redacta quidem,
vt vocant, ad actum. Neque ob&longs;tat, quòd mouens
&longs;eparatum &longs;it, aut interii&longs;&longs;e etiam, con&longs;tante motu
accepto, po&longs;&longs;it; nam non proptereà requiritur, vt
aliam, præter motum, vim à &longs;eip&longs;o tran&longs;mi&longs;erit,
quæ motum deinceps efficiat; &longs;ed &longs;ufficit vt motum
&longs;emel in mobili fecerit, qui continuari ab&longs;que ip
&longs;o po&longs;&longs;it. Pote&longs;t autem; quoniam e&longs;t eius naturæ
accidens, vt modò &longs;ubjectum per&longs;euerans habeat,
ab&longs;que continüa cau&longs;æ &longs;uæ actione valeat. Et quan
quam principia mobilis interna dici po&longs;&longs;int habere
vim non pa&longs;&longs;iuam modo, &longs;ed etiam actiuam, qua
talem motum continü
tam à mouente impre&longs;&longs;a, quàm excitata dici pote&longs;t;
planiu&longs;que e&longs;t, vt à mouente nihil imprimi aliud,
quàm motum dicamus. Imprimi, inquam, qualem
mouens habet donec mobile e&longs;t ip&longs;i conjunctum,
& qualis continuandus e&longs;&longs;et, futuru&longs;que perpetuus,
ni&longs;i à motu aliquo aduer&longs;o labefactarerur. Vt nô
ris autem quemadmodum impre&longs;&longs;io huiu&longs;modi fiat,
con&longs;idera, priu&longs;quàm lapis transferatur per aërem,
e&longs;&longs;e ip&longs;um aliquanti&longs;per conjunctum cum manu, &
haberi qua&longs;i vnum, idemque, hoc e&longs;t integrum mo
bile cum illa; quatenùs vnus, idemque motus vtri
que
ip&longs;o motu mouet lapidem, quo &longs;eipEx hoc
enim fit, vt manu vel &longs;ur&longs;ùm, vel tran&longs;uer&longs;ùm. vel quo
partem moueatur; & quia tamen manus à corpore
retenta, ip&longs;ive innixa &longs;e&longs;e interim &longs;ubducit à lapi
de, fit vt lapis manui non cohærens, ac &longs;olùm con
tiguus pergat, cœptam que cum manu non d
viam. Quòd &longs;i perpetuò viam non teneat, &longs;i co
gatur deflectere, &longs;i po&longs;tremò quie&longs;cere, dicta iam e&longs;t
cau&longs;a non &longs;emel. Id &longs;olùm nota, quod dico &longs;e
manu, de quolibet alio phy&longs;ico mouente intelligi
po&longs;&longs;e. Quippe nullum e&longs;t naturale mouens quod
non ip&longs;um quoque moueatur, vt aliquo v&longs;que mo-
tyrocinio aliquo in&longs;tituens, promoueat: neque enim
nudo contactu, & ab&longs;que huiu&longs;cemodi promotione
propelleret vnquam. Inductionem facere nihil e&longs;t
nece&longs;&longs;e; cùm propo&longs;ito quolibet exemplo, atten
tione &longs;olùm &longs;it opus; & aliunde con&longs;tet, quò mo
uens rapidiùs mouetur, dum contingit, & aliquo
v&longs;que in&longs;equitur mobile, eò celeriùs mobile ferri,
& quo &longs;egniùs, eò tardiùs. Difficultas e&longs;&longs;e po&longs;&longs;et
de motu reflexo; nam pila impacta in parietem ita re
&longs;ilit, vt moueri ab eo debere videatur, cùm immo
tus tamen &longs;it, neque aliquov&longs;que con&longs;equatur pilam. Verùm ea re&longs;ilitio, motu&longs;que reflexus non tam à
pariete, corporevealio re&longs;&longs;ectente efficitur, quàm ab
ip&longs;o netimpingente: euenitque &longs;olùm, vt qui motus
directò continüaretur, ob&longs;taculo facto continüetur
reflexè. Atque id quidem dicere cum ip&longs;o Ari&longs;totele
malo, quàm motus quidpiam tribuere vel paricti,
vel parti ip&longs;ius; quoniam licet res probabilitate &longs;ua
non carcat (vt arguit leui&longs;&longs;imus ictus, qui vni ex
tremo longi&longs;&longs;imæ, cra&longs;&longs;i&longs;&longs;imæque trabis impactus,
exauditur in alio, tanquam &longs;ucce&longs;&longs;iuè in omneis
parteis, & vltrá per aërem, ad aurem v&longs;que propa
gatus; itemque ictus ianuæ in limen, à quo totas
concuti ædeis, fene&longs;tralia vitra, dum tremunt, de
mon&longs;trant, cæteiáque &longs;imilia) attamen res longio
ris e&longs;t, quàm locus ferat, di qui&longs;itionis. Quin
etiam non alienum foret di&longs;quirere, quor&longs;ùm re
&longs;&longs;exio ad parcis &longs;emper angulos fiat (quantùm ex
eius natura e&longs;t) cum ip&longs;a incidentia: &longs;ed quónam cum id explicare poui&longs;&longs;imùm
&longs;olcam ex emer&longs;ione rei pen&longs;rlis à &longs;uo perpendi
culo
cidentiæ: neque po&longs;&longs;im dedu
&longs;imùl ob quam cau&longs;am fiat, vt ex&longs;i&longs;tente eadem
pen&longs;ilis longitudine, omnes procidentiæ, arque
emer&longs;iones, omne&longs;que adeò excur&longs;iones, recur&longs;io
ne&longs;que, de quibus dictum quidpiam iam e&longs;t, &longs;int
pror&longs;ùs æqui-temporaneæ?
XX.
An non magis congruum putabis me
mini&longs;&longs;e me pollicitationis, qua recepi &longs;uperiùs
declaraturum me ad calcem, quid ex factis ex
perimentis, dicendum mon&longs;tretur de iis, quæ
&longs;olent vulgò obijci ad impugnandum motum
Telluris? verùm cùm videas qua hactenùs ver
borum mole obruerim te, æquum profectò ri
uos iam claudam, & quod hue v&longs;que dilatum
e&longs;t, differatur adhûc in proximam v&longs;que ad te
&longs;cribendi occa&longs;ionem. Erit heic intereà plus æquo,
quàm vt pellegendo debeas e&longs;&longs;e patiens; &longs;ed nom
pe illa bonitas tua, quam præconceptam habui, vt
permitterem Præ
&longs;ump&longs;i quoque te pro tuo vericogno&longs;cendi ardore,
próque ea, quam de me habes, quainque non
mereor, opinione, fui&longs;&longs;e haud dubiè quidpiam
ampliùs, quàm nudas illas circa motum ob&longs;er
uationes ex&longs;pectaturum. Vtcùmque &longs;it, confi
do &longs;altem te pro &longs;ingulari candoie, amoréque
erga me tuo, id, quodcùmque e&longs;t, excepturum,
tu&longs;i nus tui. Salutem lacobo Fratri optimo, toti
que erudito con&longs;e&longs;&longs;ui nunciari exopto. Vale.
Aquis-Sextus XII. Kal.
Decemb.
C
I. MORAM non traho, Vir eximie,
&longs;ed mox ob&longs;ignatis, mi&longs;&longs;i&longs;que, quas
peruidebis, literis, ha&longs;ce occipio, vt
liberem de propo&longs;ita Parenthe&longs;i fi
dem. Quippe intertexturus fueram
(quod adtexere præ&longs;titit) videri ex iis ob&longs;eruatis,
quæ circa motum a motore tran&longs;lato impre&longs;&longs;om
memorata &longs;unt, infirmum reddi argumentum, quo
&longs;olemus vulgò quietem a&longs;&longs;erere globo Telluris. Non
quòd exinde pronunciem moueri haud dubiè I el
lurem, vt Pythagoreis olim vi&longs;um e&longs;t, & nunc Co
pernicanis placer; &longs;ed quòd amore veritatis, & con
&longs;equenter ad ea, quæ deducta &longs;unt, nihil proh bere
exi&longs;timem, quò minùs in&longs;inüem conquirendam e&longs;&longs;e
rationem veri&longs;imiliorem. Videlicet hæc di&longs;qui&longs;itio
non videtur e&longs;&longs;e ad eos releganda, qui laborant ver
tigine, vt familiare e&longs;t obijci; quandò & &longs;apientum
non po&longs;tremus Seneca dignam rem duxit contem
platione, vt &longs;ciamus, in quo rerum &longs;tatu &longs;imus; pi
gerrimam &longs;ortiti, an veloci&longs;&longs;imam &longs;edem; circa nos
Dcus omnia, an nos agat: & Plato, qui Philo&longs;ophi
junior reuolutionem diurnam circa proprium axem,
tum ætate maturior etiam tran&longs;lationem per zo
diacum. No&longs;ti enim, cùm in Timæo &longs;en&longs;i&longs;&longs;et Tel
lurem in vniuer&longs;i centro degentem, vna &longs;ui circum
ductione ver&longs;us ortum, diem, noctemque efficere,
dum intereà Sol, cæteráque a&longs;tra apparerent oriri,
ac deferri ver&longs;us occa&longs;um; po&longs;t-modum tamen, vt
ex Theophra&longs;to apud Plutarchum intelligitur, eum
colloca&longs;&longs;e Solem in centro, & Terræ præter mo
tum diurnum, a&longs;&longs;ignaui&longs;&longs;e etiam annuum, quem dum
circa Solem, & &longs;ub &longs;ignis zodiaci peragerct, Sol
appareret intereà oppo&longs;ita &longs;igna peragrare. Sed
hi&longs;ce dimi&longs;&longs;is, ecquod-nam e&longs;t illud, de quo dicere
volo, argumentum è Nempe illud e&longs;t, quod ab ip&longs;o
v&longs;que Ari&longs;totele &longs;olet obijci, dum neminem ferè
non vides, qui diurnum motum oppugnans, non
in&longs;tet fore, vt &longs;i Terra circumvolueretur in ortum,
lapis directè &longs;ur&longs;ùm projectus, non in eundem, è quo
foret projectus, locum recideret, &longs;ed caderet pro
cùl ad parteis occiduas; quòd eo ver&longs;ante per
aerem, locus e&longs;&longs;et interea ver&longs;us ortum procùl
&longs;ubductus: eo modo, inquiunt, quo &longs;agitta &longs;ur&longs;ùm
euibrata è puppi, dum nauis mouetur, non in puppim
recidit, &longs;ed in aquam à tergo puppis, quæ intereà
&longs;ubducta e&longs;t. Enimverò quis non miretur neminem
ex tanta obijcientium
adeò facilem; o'nnei&longs;que exemplum in re &longs;imili
v&longs;urpare, non quod ip&longs;i probauerint, aut ab exper
tis acceperint; &longs;ed quòd aliunde &longs;ic &longs;e habere, aut Siquidem ex iis, quæ de
ducta &longs;unt, manife&longs;tum e&longs;t po&longs;&longs;e omninô Coperni
canos tale exemplum retorquere, atque adeò ar
gumentari, tam po&longs;&longs;e lapidem in eundem Terræ
locum recidere, quàm &longs;agittam in eandem pup
pim.
II.
Sufficere po&longs;&longs;et ad hoc demon&longs;trandum
quod in&longs;crip&longs;i Schema &longs;u
i&longs;tud præ&longs;tat. E&longs;to exempli gratiâ Turris AB, è
cuius pede proijciatur &longs;ur&longs;ùm lapis ad v&longs;que fa&longs;ti
gium B, & donec lapis e&longs;t in aëre, &longs;upponatur
moueri Terra ver&longs;us parteis orientaleis CDEFG
HIK; turris profectò vnà mouebitur: putas verò
lapis de&longs;eretur à turri? De&longs;ereretur &longs;anè, &longs;i is,
qui proijcit, non inhæreret ip&longs;i Terræ; eodem
modo, quo &longs;i quis extra nauim con&longs;i&longs;tens lapidem
&longs;ur&longs;ùm proijciat, dum malus è regione tran&longs;it;
talis quippe lapis non &longs;equetur malum, &longs;ed ab il
lo de&longs;eretur. At quemadmodum &longs;i naui inhæreat,
qui lapidem &longs;ur&longs;ùm &longs;ecundum malum proijcit, tunc
lapis malum &longs;equitur, neque ab illo de&longs;eritur; ita
quia Terræ inhæret qui lapidem &longs;ur&longs;ùm &longs;ecundum
quàm de&longs;eri à turri. Cau&longs;a manife&longs;ta iam e&longs;t.
Nam vt lapidi &longs;ecundum malum projecto non &longs;ola
impre&longs;&longs;a e&longs;t vis ip&longs;ius proijcientis propria, &longs;ed etiam
alia ex motu nauis, quo manus &longs;imùl adacta fuit;
ita projecto &longs;ecundum turrim non &longs;ola vis pro
iicientis propria impre&longs;&longs;a e&longs;t, &longs;ed alia etiam ex mo
tu Et vt
lapis &longs;ecundum malum vi&longs;us a&longs;cendere, de&longs;cendere
que ad perpendiculum, de&longs;cribit nihilominùs li
neam, quam parabolicam diximus: ita lapis &longs;ecun
dum turrim contineri vi&longs;us in eodem perpendiculo,
de&longs;cribit tamen in &longs;patio mundano lineam &longs;imiliter
parabolicam; &longs;ed paraboles longè obtu&longs;ioris. Nem
pe vt illeic motus e&longs;t compo&longs;itus ex perpendiculari,
& horizontali; ita ex vtróque compo&longs;itus heic:adeò
vt, quicquid e&longs;t ex vi proijcientis propria, id explice
tur v&longs;que ad fa&longs;tigium turris, ad quod lapis per
uenit; & quicquid à vi, &longs;eu motu Telluris, id ex
plicetur ad punctum v&longs;que horizontalis lineæ, quod
lapis decidens attingit. Itaque, cùm Turris ex A
B, peruenerit ad CL, rectè concipis lapidem per
ueni&longs;&longs;e ad M; cùm ad DN, perueni&longs;&longs;e ad O; cùm
ad EP, perueni&longs;&longs;e ad Q: cùm ad FR, perueni&longs;&longs;e ad ip
&longs;um-met R, quod fa&longs;tigium e&longs;t; & con&longs;equenter, cùm
ad GS, perueni&longs;&longs;ead T: cum ad HV, perueni&longs;&longs;e ad X:
cùm ad IY, perueni&longs;&longs;e ad Z; cùm denique ad K
ueni&longs;&longs;e ad ip&longs;um K. ita vt vbicúmque lapis in aëre, vel
per &longs;patium mundanum fuerit, extiterit &longs;emper in li
nea ip&longs;i Turri parallela, eidemque Turris pedi, Nec verò iam
tibi videbitur mirum oculos omnium, qui ad lapi
dem attendent, &longs;olum illum motum perpendicula
rem ob&longs;eruare, nullo autem modo horizontalem, qui
perpendicularem tamen ex&longs;uperat tantoperè; &longs;i
quidem omnium oculi vnà & cum turri, & cum
lapide, eodem horizontali motu transferuntur;
adeò vt quemadmodum ex&longs;i&longs;tentes in naui omnes
&longs;olum perpendicularem, nullo verò modò hori
zontalem, cuius &longs;unt participes, ob&longs;eruant; ita heic
fieri nece&longs;&longs;um &longs;it. Vnum di&longs;crimen e&longs;t, quòd qui&longs;
piam vel in alia naui quie&longs;cente, vel in littore con
&longs;i&longs;tere po&longs;&longs;it, vnde ad motum lapidis horizontalem
attendat; non po&longs;&longs;it verò alicubi extra Terram fi
gere pedem, vnde pari modo progre&longs;&longs;um hori
zontalem percipiat.
III. Dices, quid &longs;i aliquis intra ci&longs;tam à gry
phe abreptam detineatur per aërem? Re&longs;ponde
bitur, neque illum quidem po&longs;&longs;e eum motum ob
&longs;eruare; quoniam & ip&longs;e vna cum ci&longs;ta, gryphe,
aereque, eodem illo motu &longs;imul transferetur;
oporteretque illum con&longs;titui vltra regionem
aëream, motuque ip&longs;o non corripi, vt eius ob&longs;er
uandi euaderet capax. Quo loco te minimè latet
placere Copernicanis id, quod in&longs;inuaui &longs;uperiore
Epi&longs;tola, aerem hunc no&longs;trum nihil e&longs;&longs;e aliud, quàm
halituo&longs;am quandam contexturam ex omnibus va
poribus, fumis, tenuï&longs;&longs;imi&longs;ve corpu&longs;culis, quæ ex
&longs;olidiore Terræ, & aquæ globo continuò, & in
omnem partem circumquáque exhalantur. Neque
ciu&longs;cemodi; quippè quòd den&longs;iores infernè re&longs;i
dant, &longs;ubtiliores vix &longs;upra vnum, alterumve mil
liare emergant, parúmque omninò excedant edi
ti&longs;&longs;imorum montium vertices. Talis e&longs;t ergo illis
aer, &longs;iue regio aerea; e&longs;tque proinde terrenum
quid, totamque terram circumambit, eo modo, quo
epidermis totum animal, vel (vt &longs;imilitudinem re
petam) quo lanugo malum cotoncum. Ex quo fit,
vt quemadmodum malo cotoneo circumvoluto
non conuoluitur modò ip&longs;um malum, &longs;eu quod in
illo intimius, &longs;olidiu&longs;que e&longs;t; &longs;ed vnà etiam con
uoluitur lanugo circumue&longs;tiens, ip&longs;ique extrin&longs;ecus
lcuiter cohærens; ita illi dicant non modò &longs;oli
diorem hunc globum ex terra, & aqua con&longs;tantem
ver&longs;us ortum circumagi; &longs;ed &longs;imùl etiam circum
duci regionem aëream ip&longs;i &longs;euiter circumquáque
cohærentem. Adeò proinde, vt quemadmodum
acari aliudve animalculum intra lanuginem con
tentum vnà cum illa ad motum mali cotonei cir
cumraperetur: ita nece&longs;&longs;arium &longs;it quicquid conti
netur intra aerem, vnà cum ip&longs;o aere ad motum
Terræ circumferri. Quanquam di&longs;crimen e&longs;t, quòd
aer, ob fluxilitatem, non videatur cohæ&longs;ione adeò
vehemente &longs;olidiori globo connecti, &longs;ed retardari
nonnihil; atque adeò lenti&longs;&longs;imè quidem, &longs;ed ali
quantulùm tamen promoueri in parteis occiduas. Patere id dicunt, non tam in conuallibus, intra
quas aër heinc inde cohibetur, neque liber e&longs;t,
quàm in planitiebus, & apertis campis, vbi ob&longs;er-
uer&longs;a e&longs;&longs;e in occa&longs;um. Patere verò maximè in mari;
ac &longs;ub ip&longs;o quidem Æquatore poti&longs;&longs;imùm, vbivela
nauium &longs;unt vno tenore, vniformiterque inflata ab
ortu; atque idcircô nautæ experiuntur &longs;e&longs;e idem iter
& longè facilius, & breuiore tempore in occa&longs;um,
quàm in ortum emetiri. Neque verò nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t
ventum proptereà percipi adeò validum, ac obijci
&longs;olet, qua&longs;i aër con&longs;i&longs;teret, & tantundem ferri in oc
ca&longs;um, quantum Terra in ortum apparere, aut &longs;en
tiri deberet. Siquidem non con&longs;i&longs;tit aër, &longs;ed nonni
hil &longs;olùm retardatur, lentiu&longs;ve in eandem regio
nem procedit, hæcque retardatio, quæ haberi po&longs;
&longs;it pro motu in occa&longs;um, nulla propemodùm pars
e&longs;t citati&longs;&longs;imi eius motus quo aër intereà promo
uctur cum Terra in ortum. Di&longs;crimen aliunde e&longs;t,
quòd illa animalcula à lanugine abripiantur, cor
pora verò &longs;olidiora non abripiantur ab aëre (is nem
pe e&longs;t nimiùm tenuis, fluidu&longs;que) &longs;ed motum &longs;or
tiantur ab ip&longs;amet Terra, quæ dum mouetur, &longs;imùl
moueat corpora omnia &longs;ibi innixa. Et quia tamen
videtur aer quidpiam conferre aliquibus; ideò, vt
di&longs;tinctiùs rem dicam;
cuiu&longs;inodi lapis, &longs;agitta, aliave id genus; i&longs;ta non
mouentur cum aere, qua&longs;i ip&longs;o ea propellente; &longs;ed
ideò mouentur, quia cùm exce&longs;&longs;ere è Terra, cor
poreve Terræ innixo, quod ea propulit, impre&longs;&longs;it
Terra &longs;imùl &longs;uum motum, eo modo, quo imprimit
nauis, dum ex ea, aut malo ip&longs;i innixo aliquid pro
pellitur.
Terra, aut certe à turri, arbore, men&longs;a, manu,
corporeve alio, cui Terræ hærenti, quando auo
lant, innituntur; vti dum aliquis ex puppi, aut &longs;cam
no, quod in ea, ver&longs;us proram &longs;alit. Contingit autem
volucres non ad perpendiculum &longs;ubinde decidere
(quod &longs;i facerent, non proptereà motum horizon
talem minùs haberent, vt dictum e&longs;t de lapide &longs;e
cundum turrim decidente) &longs;ed po&longs;&longs;e alarum bene
ficio eiu&longs;modi motum variare, quantum aer vnà
tran&longs;latus pote&longs;t e&longs;&longs;e &longs;ub&longs;idio. Nam &longs;inullus quidem
e&longs;&longs;et &longs;uppo&longs;itus aër, aut aues alas non explicarent,
rum lapidum in&longs;tar caderent in Terram; at quià
aer&longs;ube&longs;t, corpulentiamque aliquam habet, quæ
alis verberata tantum re&longs;i&longs;tat, quantum &longs;atis e&longs;t, vt
volatilia vel &longs;u&longs;tententur, vel etiam magis euehantur;
heinc fit, vt pro repul&longs;u à re&longs;i&longs;tente aere facto, mo
tus per aerem varietur, neque ille generalis, hori
zontali&longs;que ip&longs;i magis ob&longs;tet, quàm ob&longs;tat perpen
diculari. Nempe illa pars aeris verberata, ali&longs;que
re&longs;i&longs;tens comparari pote&longs;t illi parti funis intra na
uim ten&longs;i, quam funambulus inter &longs;aliendum pede
pul&longs;et. Quin etiam comparari pote&longs;t cuilibet parti
nauis, è qua quis ip&longs;am pedibus pul&longs;ans, &longs;alire in
quamcumque valeat. Q
lum & in&longs;i&longs;tentem, & per aerem &longs;aliendo tran&longs;la
tum &longs;emper deuehet, nihil pror&longs;ùs impediet, quò
minùs ex vna parte nauis in aliam in&longs;iliat, &longs;itumque,
vt volet, commutet. Declararem in pi&longs;ce, animali
ve alio natante; cùm aquam po&longs;&longs;e & vnà transferri,
quidem videtur, non e&longs;t difficilis intellectu. Quan
quam, &longs;i hæreas vel tantillum, habeto intra nauim
cuppam aqua plenam, & in ea pi&longs;ceis; ac deprehen
des, qua ratione motus generalis nauis, quo aqua,
& pi&longs;ces conuehentur, nihil &longs;it penitùs ob&longs;titurus,
quò minùs pi&longs;ces eo&longs;dem motus &longs;ur&longs;ùm, deor&longs;ùm,
obliquè habeant, ac haberent, &longs;i cuppa, & aqua
penitùs conquie&longs;cerent, illóque motu de&longs;tituerentur. Quod inculco, vt intelligas, po&longs;&longs;e aerem, aues, &
omnia volantia generali illo, & horizontali motu
Telluris transferri; & motum tamen i&longs;tum nihil ob
&longs;tare, quò minùs illa volent &longs;ur&longs;um, deor&longs;ùm, obli
què, & quocúmque collibitum fuerit.
lia corpora &longs;int, cuiu&longs;modi nubes, pulueres, plumæ,
lanæ, &c. Imprimis, cùm i&longs;ta è terra,
corporéve
Terræ innixo procedunt, motum inde impre&longs;&longs;um
habent, tuenturque; & quòd &longs;int non-nihil grauiora
&longs;uppo&longs;ito aere, haud-dubiè perpendiculariter (tam
et&longs;i paulò lentiùs) apparerent decidere, ni&longs;i ven
tus &longs;uccureret, auerteretque i&longs;tum motum, cum
quo vna generalis, & horizontalis ille perinde co
pularetur, ac in lapide fieri dictum e&longs;t Deinde ven
tus &longs;uperueniens, &longs;ur&longs;umque, aut aliò abigens, im
pellen&longs;que nihil aliud præ&longs;tat, quàm quod dictum
e&longs;t præ&longs;tari ab aere alis volucrum re&longs;i&longs;tente: di&longs;
crimen enim &longs;olummodò e&longs;t, quòd volucris qua&longs;i
repellatur, nubes verò, & cætera à vento duntaxat
pellantur; cùm ad motum tamen perinde &longs;it, &longs;eu
manus è pauimento pilam &longs;ui&longs;ùm proijciat, &longs;eu pila
talia corpora &longs;int, cuiu&longs;modi ventus, ignea trajectio,
&c. tum quoque & motus ille generalis imprimitur
ip&longs;is in ea Terræ parte, è qua prodeunt; & qui pro
prius prætereà motus ip&longs;is competit, perinde cum
illo cohæret, ac cohærent motus projectorum, vo
lucrum, aliorum; cùm & ventus antecedens à &longs;uc
cedente propellatur, & ignis in pabulum agens illum
&longs;ua vi pellat, & ob cohæ&longs;ionem &longs;equatur; & vtrique
aër partìm &longs;u&longs;tentaculo, partim ob&longs;taculo e&longs;&longs;e po&longs;&longs;it;
atque adeò cau&longs;a deflexionis, re&longs;ilitionis, & &longs;imi
lium.
IV.
Scrupulus fortè &longs;upererit ex eo, quod dixi pa
rabolicam lineam à corporibus projectis de&longs;criptam
accipiendam e&longs;&longs;e in &longs;patio mundano, non in aere: &
cùm vnum eius extremum &longs;upponatur ad pedem tur
ris, vnde lapis proijcitur, aliud e&longs;&longs;e accipiendum in
alio puncto horizontalis lineæ, in quod lapis decidit:
qua&longs;i aut horizon non &longs;it de&longs;cribendus in ip&longs;a Terræ
&longs;uperficie; aut punctum, in quod lapis recidit, non
&longs;it illud idem id hac &longs;uperficie, è quo lapis fuit pro
jectus. Verùm non erit tibi imprimis difficile ima
ginari aliud e&longs;&longs;e aërem, aliud &longs;patium in quo e&longs;t
aër. Nam aër corpus mobile e&longs;t: &longs;patium incor
poreus, & immobilis locus. Tu, verbi cau&longs;â, intra
mu&longs;æum, &longs;patium quoddam occupas, & tantùm qui
dem, quantus es ip&longs;e, etiam cum tuis ve&longs;tibus. Cùm
autem vno, aut altero pa&longs;&longs;u ab illo recedis; non
illud te &longs;equitur, &longs;ed ab aëre confluente occupatur. Reponatur in eo trabs; pelletur aer, &longs;ed non pelletur
in ip&longs;o collocetur, quicquid per ip&longs;um tran&longs;eat:
imô non &longs;it domus, non &longs;it Terra, non &longs;it Mundus;
illud &longs;patium nihilominùs immobile, inalterabile. idem omninó per&longs;euerabit.
Eodem modo, loco mu
&longs;æi, intelligito cœli fornicem; & loco tui, tuarum
que ve&longs;tium intellige Terram cum aëre circumve
&longs;tiente: capis profectò Terram intra hunc fornicem
certum aliquod &longs;patium occupare. Finge Terram
ex eo moueri, non illud proptereà emouebitur, &longs;ed
con&longs;tabit planè immotum, Terraque intereà occu
pabit aliud. Finge non moueri Terram ex &longs;patio,
&longs;ed conuolui tamen intra &longs;patium, veluti globus,
dum tornatur; concipies parteis quidem Terræ mu
tare &longs;ucce&longs;&longs;iue parteis &longs;patij; &longs;ed non proptereà par
teis &longs;patij vlla ratione aut moueri, aut mutationem
accipere. Dico igitur, &longs;i in Telluris circumvolutio
ne &longs;upponamus AB turrim moúeri in CL; &longs;patium,
quod illeic occupabatur, reman&longs;i&longs;&longs;e illeic im
motum, vt etiam totum illud per quod tran&longs;ijt, A
BLC, in quo qui erat aer tran&longs;iit intereà in CL
ND, &longs;uccedente interim alio, qui erat ponè locum
AB.
in DN, &longs;patium ad CL remanebit immotum, vt
etiam illud, per quod turris tran&longs;iit, & in quo qui priùs
continebatur aer, tran&longs;ijt intereà in &longs;patium DN
PE Imaginare idem ex ordine, quov&longs;que turris erit
in K
immota A, tran&longs;ij&longs;&longs;e in partem &longs;patij immotam K;
& de&longs;crip&longs;i&longs;&longs;e in &longs;patio intermedio, immoto manen-
te lineam ACDEFGHIK, quam horizontalem
ideo diximus, quia re&longs;pondet horizonti, &longs;eu &longs;uper
ficiei ip&longs;ius Terræ. Nam & cùm pes turris e&longs;&longs;et in A
illa &longs;patij linea AK occupabatur à portione &longs;uper
ficiei Terræ antecedente; & cùm pes turris per
uenit ad K, eadem linea occupatur à portione
con&longs;equente. Deinde, &longs;i &longs;upponamus lapidem non
quieui&longs;&longs;e in pede turris, &longs;ed a&longs;cendi&longs;&longs;e, & de&longs;
cendi&longs;&longs;e &longs;ecundum turrim, dum turris ex AB, tran
&longs;iret in K
AMOQRTXZK, capis &longs;anè hanc lineam de&longs;
criptam e&longs;&longs;e in immoto &longs;patio, quod ab aere Ter
ram circumabiente, ac vnà tran&longs;lato &longs;ucce&longs;&longs;iuè oc
cupatur; non verò in aere ip&longs;o, qui circa turrim
tran&longs;latam idem per&longs;euerat, eamque &longs;equitur; &
in quo de&longs;cribitur &longs;olùm apparens recta linea, &longs;e
cundum longitudinem videlicet turris. Heinc ergo
agno&longs;cis me ideò dixi&longs;&longs;e de&longs;cribi lineam in &longs;patio
mundano, potiu&longs;quàm in aere; vt ob&longs;eruaretur
di&longs;crimen huius lineæ de&longs;criptæ propter motum
Terræ, cum linea de&longs;cripta propter motum nauis. Nam de&longs;cripta ob motum nauis benè intelligitur ex
diuer&longs;itate partium aëris, qui motum nauis non &longs;e-
cripta verò ob motum Terræ intelligi non pote&longs;t
ex diuer&longs;itate partium aëris, qui ip&longs;am Terram &longs;e
quitar; &longs;ed ex diuer&longs;itate partium mundani &longs;patij,
quod immotum per&longs;euerat. Dico autem aërem re&longs;
pectu nauis manere immotum; quia dum motus il
los intra nauim con&longs;ideramus, &longs;eponimus motum
Telluris, qui aliunde &longs;it naui, aëri, omnibu&longs;que re
bus communis; quique ob &longs;ui communitatem re
linquat ob&longs;eruabile inter res propriis viribus motas,
quie&longs;centei&longs;que, di&longs;crimen.
V.
Ex hoc proinde intelliges, quàm parùm con
cludant argumenta illa, quæ ex globorum explo
&longs;ione à bellicis tormentis petuntur. Nam, inqui
unt, globus in ortum explo&longs;us ferctur longè vlteriùs,
quàm explo&longs;us in occa&longs;um; quoniam ille præter
motum proprium, habebit etiam motum à Ter
ra; hic verò habebit &longs;olùm motum proprium:
atque idcircò &longs;i motus Telluris &longs;upponatur tantus,
quantus e&longs;t motus globi proprius, efficietur motus in
ortum duplò velocior, quàm in occa&longs;um; &longs;icque
&longs;copus ad ortum duplò longiùs, quàm ad occa&longs;um
attingetur. Quin-etiam globus in occa&longs;um explo
&longs;us non exibit è fi&longs;tula, &longs;ed qua&longs;i immotus con&longs;i
&longs;tet; quia nempe quantum motu proprio in occi
dentem connitetur, tantum impetus à Terra factus
illum in ortum reAddunt, &longs;i globus diriga
tur &longs;eu in boream, &longs;eu in meridiem, aberrationem
&longs;emper à &longs;copo futuram; quia du
per aërem, &longs;copus intereà in ortum promouebitur, Verumtamen
experimenta de colludentibus pilâ intra nauim à
&longs;imili &longs;umpta rem per&longs;picuè &longs;oluunt. Loco enim
manus intellige fi&longs;tulam; loco pilæ globum; loco
nauis Terram; loco aëris mundanum ipatrum; nihil
&longs;upererit laboris. Enimverò animi gratiâ repete ex
po&longs;itum &longs;chema, & &longs;uppone AFK e&longs;&longs;e lineam in
&longs;uperficie globi Telluris vnâ cum tota Tellure mo
bilem, &longs;ed pro tempore tamen, hoc e&longs;t, dum globus
exploditur, re&longs;pondentem parti immobilis &longs;patij A
FK, eo modo, quo iam dictum e&longs;t. Suppone etiam
globum explodi ex puncto Terræ A ea tormenti vi,
vt peruenite po&longs;&longs;it ad F; & rur
peruenire po&longs;&longs;it ad A, etiam globo Terræ penitùs
quie&longs;cente; dico, licet Terra moueatur, globum
vttimque explo&longs;um nihilo &longs;eciùs pernenturum ad
cadem &longs;uperficiei Terræ puncta, hoc e&longs;t, heinc ad
F, illeinc ad A. Nam &longs;it, proüt obijcitur, motus
Telluris tantus, quantus e&longs;t globi proprius (vt
debet tantus circiter &longs;altem, in ve&longs;tro parallelo) erit
quidem vis globi explo&longs;i ex A in F geminata; &longs;ic
que ex A immobili &longs;patij puncto perueniet in K
etiam immobile; at quia dum globus transferetur,
&longs;ed po&longs;t globum ibit; neque punctum &longs;uperficiei K
immotum con&longs;i&longs;tet, &longs;ed globum antecodet: inde
cueniet, vt cùm globus ex puncto mundani &longs;patij
immobili A, peruentet ad punctum clu&longs;dem &longs;pa
tij itidem immobile K, punctum mobile &longs;uperficiei
Terræ A perueniat ad punctum &longs;patij immobile F;
& punctum mobile &longs;uperficiei F petueniat ad pun
ctum &longs;pati
quidem ex mundano &longs;patio lineam AK, &longs;ed ex &longs;u
perficie tamen Telluris &longs;olummodo lineam AF;
quemadmodum faceret Terra quie&longs;cente. Explo
datur deinde globus ex F in A; quia dum erit per
aërem, neque punctum F, neque punctum A &longs;uper
ficiei terrenæ erunt immota; &longs;ed interim punctum
F perueniet ad punctum immobile &longs;patij K, & pun
ctum A ad punctum immobile F, & aliunde quantum
globus vi impre&longs;&longs;a à tormento feretur ex puncto
immobili F ver&longs;us A, tantum vi impre&longs;&longs;a à Terra
referetur ex A ver&longs;us F; fiet, vt re&longs;pectu &longs;patij im
motus con&longs;i&longs;tat, donec cadat in punctum mobile &longs;u
perficiei A, quod intereà ad punctum F immobile
perueniet. Neque iam debet videri mirum, mo
ueri globum per aërem, & non moueri tamen per
mundanum Videlicet præter iam dicta (ex
quibus con&longs;tat non tam globum transferri per aërem,
quàm aërem ferri præter globum; & motum globo
à vi&longs;u tribui, qui tamen e&longs;t aëris) con&longs;tat rem aliun
de ita &longs;e habere, ac dum vides hominem cont
fundum defixo, aut fune ponti illigato impellere lem-Ille quippe nihilo &longs;ecùs mutat
pedes, inambulatque, ac fac
ram; & nihilominùs vides ip&longs;um non mutare locum,
&longs;i comparetur ad aërem, ripam, &longs;uppo&longs;itum fun
dum, quidpiamve aliud immobile; &longs;ed mutare &longs;o
lùm locum re&longs;pectu partium lembi, qui intereà &longs;ub
ip&longs;o mouetur, quatenus ex puppi aut prora oppo
&longs;itam partem attingit. Nimitum re&longs;pectu aëris, aut
ripæ immobilis e&longs;t, quia præter motum proprium,
quo fertur ver&longs;us vnam partem, afficitur etiam motu
alio, qui ip&longs;um tantundem refert in partem oppo
&longs;itam. Idem eueniet, &longs;i quis in medio flumine, aut
etiam in mari ab&longs;que conto, aut fune, tanta volo
citate moueatur à prora in puppim, quanta nauis
ip&longs;a mouetur. Nam mouebitur quidem per nauim,
mutabit que &longs;ucce&longs;&longs;iuè parteis nauis varias; &longs;ed quod
ad ip&longs;um aërem, aquamve, aut fundum &longs;uppo&longs;itum
&longs;pectat, con&longs;i&longs;tet qua&longs;i immobilis, neque reuerâ
locum mutabit. Pari igitur modo globus feretur
quidem impetu proprio, &longs;iue à machina impre&longs;&longs;o ab
oriente in occidentem, reip&longs;áque mouebitur per Ter
ræ &longs;uperficiem, eiu&longs;que parteis commutabit: at re&longs;
pectu mundani &longs;patij per&longs;euerabit qua&longs;i immotus,
quia quantum motu proprio in occa&longs;um feretur,
tantundem motu à Terra impre&longs;&longs;o referetur in or
tum. Eadem porrô, proportione, euenient, &longs;eu
motum Terræ velociorem, &longs;eu tardiorem habeas
motu globi proprio. Quemadmodum à pari intel
ligitur ex dictis &longs;uperiùs de projectione, & rejectione
pilæ &longs;ecundum longitudinem nauis; cùm nihil &longs;it ne-
aut detractio virtutis communis comparatæ cum
propria: quandò, vt iam dictum e&longs;t, &longs;imili ratione &longs;e
habent pila, & globus; manus, & fi&longs;tula; nauis, &
Terra; aër, & &longs;patium. Heine, quod dicitur de glo
bo projecto &longs;eu in boream, &longs;eu in meridiem ex iis
&longs;oluitur, quæ dicta &longs;unt de projectis ex naui, aut
etiam ex curru. Etenim, dum globus è fi&longs;tula exit,
non tantum habet motum &longs;ecundum longitudinem
fi&longs;tulæ; &longs;ed etiam &longs;ecundum horizontalem lineam;
incipitque proinde ex hoc duplici mo
nea media, &longs;ecundum quam tendere pergat, poft
quàm exiit è fi&longs;tula; adeò vt quantùm fi&longs;tula, tan
tundem ip&longs;e tendat in ortum, fitque &longs;emper è re
gione orificij fi&longs;tulæ, per quod fuit trajectus; & in
tereà tamen promoueatur vltra id orificium, & v&longs;
que ad &longs;copum tandem directè perueniat, qui ip&longs;e
quoque e&longs;t intereà tantundem promotus in ortum,
quantum fi&longs;tula, inque cádem &longs;ecundum Terræ &longs;u
perficiem linea perman&longs;it. Dicerem etiam de globo
&longs;ur&longs;ùm directè explo&longs;o, recidentéque ad perpen
diculum: &longs;ed ratio eadem plane e&longs;t, & d fficultas ma
net &longs;oluta ex iis, quæ circa explo&longs;ionem è naui me
morata &longs;unt. Quin-etiam hoc loco videtur res e&longs;&longs;e
tantò insellectu facilior, quantò per id tempus, quo
globus exit è fi&longs;tula, intelligitur &longs;imùl moueri &longs;en
&longs;ibiliùs ver&longs;us ortum; &longs;icque ex motu &longs;ur&longs;ùm, &
motu in orientem de&longs;cribere lineam inter verticalem,
& horizontalem mediam, &longs;ecundum quam deinceps
tran&longs;latus, ita &longs;ur&longs;ùm emoueatur à fi&longs;tula, vt tamen
&longs;icque directè illi &longs;emper immineat, &longs;eu ad perpen
diculum &longs;it, recidatque tandem in ip&longs;am.
VI.
Neque verò allata modò argumenta nulla
videntur; &longs;ed illa etiam nihil concludunt, quæ ex ap
parente rerum motu, quieteve &longs;olent obijci. Vi
demus enim, inquiunt, Solem, cæteraque &longs;idera
oriri, occidere, citca nos moueri; videmus & hanc
ip&longs;am Terram, cui in&longs;i&longs;timus, pror&longs;ùs quie&longs;cere: an
non igitur omnia ibunt naturæ legi præpo&longs;tera, &longs;i
&longs;idera quie&longs;cant, & Terra moueatur? Sed piget cram
bem à Copernicanis toties repetitam heic repetere;
cùm præ&longs;ertìm con&longs;tet ex iam antè dictis, &longs;eu na
uis alia moueatur ad no&longs;tram immotam: &longs;eu no&longs;tra
moueatur ad immotam aliam, motum tamen &longs;emper
nobis apparere non no&longs;træ, &longs;ed alterius nauis: adeò
vt, &longs;i in medio mari &longs;imus, & nihil &longs;it, ni&longs;i cælum
vndique, & vndique pontus, videamur ip&longs;i nobis
ip&longs;is immoti planè con&longs;i&longs;tere; quantumcúmque &
&longs;ecundo vento moueamur; & ad nauim aliam an
choris firmatam feramur: quæ proinde tantum ap
parebit accedere ad nos, quantum reuerâ nos accede
mus ad ip&longs;am. Cæterùm quia nos longo v&longs;u, expe
rientiá que edocti &longs;en&longs;um, &longs;eu imaginationem mente,
&longs;eu ratione enitimur corrigere, ac reip&longs;a corrigimus,
& rem &longs;ecùs &longs;e habere, quàm nobis appareat, nobis
per&longs;uademus; finge tamen, ni&longs;i hominem natum,
educatumque in media naui, &longs;altem mediterraneum,
qui nauigium nunquam viderit, & dormiens, oculi&longs;
ve clau&longs;is, ac nihil tale cogitans, in nauim tran&longs;la-
dum dixi, nihil &longs;it præter cælum, pontumque, & na
uis alia ad anchoram. Tum, &longs;i aperiat oculos, &
naui, in qua erit, veloci&longs;&longs;imè præter aliam mota, ex
illo requiras, vtri motum, vtri quietem conuenire
exi&longs;timet; re&longs;pondebit haud-dubiè, nauim in qua
erit, quie&longs;cere, & aliam moueri. Et iubeto, quan
tum voles, vt attendat; fieri enim po&longs;&longs;e, vt nauis,
in qua erit, moueatur, immotaque &longs;it alia; iurabit
&longs;e non decipi; ac tantò magis &longs;ecurus erit nauim
&longs;uam quie&longs;cere, quantò ob&longs;eruabit omneis eius par
teis in eodem &longs;emper &longs;itu manere; non di&longs;cedere
puppim in vnam partem, & proram in aliam; non
accedere etiam ad &longs;e mutuò; non parteìs item late
raleis; non tran&longs;tra; non malos, non quicquid at
tinet ad nauim; & intereà nautas variè per foros
cur&longs;it
omnia pror&longs;us peragere, vt &longs;i nauis con&longs;tituta e&longs;&longs;et,
con&longs;i&longs;teretque in medio foro, mediove agro oppidi. Iam verò globus Terræ e&longs;t, in quem, qua&longs;i dor
mientes tran&longs;lati, vel potiùs in quo non cogitantes
nati &longs;umus. Ex quo autem oculos aperuïmus, &
præter hunc globum, contemplati &longs;umus alium,
videlicet Solem, in eodem cum Terra qua&longs;i æquore,
&longs;eu &longs;patio mundano; quæ&longs;itum e&longs;t vtri i&longs;torum glo
borum competeret quies, vtri motus? nos verò
incunctanter pronunciauimus competere haud-du
biè quietem Terræ, & motum Soli. Admonüere Py
thagoras, Plato, Ari&longs;tarchus, antiquiores alij;
itemque Copernicus, Galileus, Kepplerus, recen-
lem, Terramque moueri: nos tamen contrà in&longs;ti
timus; ac tantò ob&longs;tinatiores facti &longs;umus, quantò
magis attendentes, ob&longs;eruauimus parteis Terræ à &longs;e
mutuò non di&longs;trahi; &longs;ed illum quidem montem e&longs;&longs;e
&longs;emper ad boream, hanc vrbem ad au&longs;trum, illum
fluuium ad ortum, hanc in&longs;ulam ad occa&longs;um; ac
nos intereà &longs;upra Terram perinde di&longs;currere, ac
di&longs;currimus per domum, &longs;iue ciuitatem, in qua na
ti &longs;umus: adeò vt, quema dmodum neque domus
per ciuitatem, neque ciuitas per prouinciam, Ter
ramve di&longs;currit; ita ip&longs;a quoque Terra non videa
tur per &longs;patia mundi di&longs;currere. Atque ita quidem
&longs;e habet ab exortu v&longs;que no&longs;tra imaginatio; neque
animaduertimus, Terram e&longs;&longs;e fortè in&longs;tar nauis,
fierique po&longs;&longs;e, vt ex&longs;i&longs;tentes in Terra perinde fal
lamur, ac Mediterraneus ille, dum in naui e&longs;t. Quippe quod-nam erit di&longs;crimen?
aut quæ ratio
di&longs;criminis? & quis modus &longs;eu veritatem, &longs;eu erro
rem interno&longs;cendi? Ac non dico quidem proptereà
moueri Terram, quie&longs;cere Solem; &longs;ed quærendas
dico rationes meliores, quàm quæ ex &longs;en&longs;u ip&longs;o pe
tuntur. Et ni&longs;i fui&longs;&longs;emus quidem vnquam experti
vi&longs;us no&longs;tri fallaciam, excu&longs;abiles videremur,
po&longs;&longs;emu&longs;que obijcere, nihil e&longs;&longs;e vi&longs;u mani
fe&longs;tius, aut certius; detractáque oculis fide nihil
fieri per&longs;ua&longs;ione dignum: at quia nos experientia
docuit vi&longs;um falli tantoperè, neque fidem &longs;emper
adhibendam oculis e&longs;&longs;e, idque cùm de motu po
ti&longs;&longs;imùm agitur; quidnam re&longs;ponderi pote&longs;t aliud,
gendos? Si ratione porrô vi&longs;um corrigamus, quid
Mediterraneo illi per&longs;uadebimus, ni&longs;i moueri nauim,
in qua e&longs;t, quie&longs;cere nauim, ver&longs;us quàm accedit? Et cùm ita fecerimus, quid, pari ratione per&longs;uade
bimus aliud nobis ip&longs;is, quàm moueri Terram, cui
in&longs;i&longs;timus, quie&longs;cere Solem, ver&longs;us quem mouemur?
VII.
Quod dictum porrô e&longs;t de Sole, videtur
&longs;imùl quoque dicendum de &longs;ideribus cæteris. Nam
pari modo, &longs;i nos cum Terra ver&longs;us ortum conuerti
mur, nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t nobis &longs;emper, continuóque, aliæ,
aliæque partes vi&longs;ibiles mundi aut cœli, vt putà Lu
na, &longs;tellæque tam errantes, quàm inerrantes ver&longs;us
ortum retegantur, totidemque intereà ver&longs;us oc
ca&longs;um occultentur; & quæ exortæ fuerint, appa
reant continuò ad meridianum a&longs;cendere, præter
gredique, & in occa&longs;um de&longs;cendere, ac &longs;ub Terram
quoque, &longs;eu infra horizontem pergere, donec vna
reuolutione intra horas viginti quatuor ab&longs;oluta,
appareant rur&longs;ùs exoriri, a&longs;cendere, &c. Cur non id
verò potiùs appareat ex conuer&longs;ione no&longs;tri oculi ad
parteis cæli orientaliores, quàm ex conuer&longs;ione tot,
nobis eleuatio poli apparet, non toto cælo conuer
&longs;o in meridiem; &longs;ed oculo &longs;olo promoto in boream? Nam in hac quidem ciuitate polus boreus attolli
tur &longs;olum gradibus quadraginta tribus cum &longs;emi&longs;&longs;e;
& vbi tamen immoto cælo ad ciuitatem v&longs;que ve
&longs;tram iter in&longs;tituimus, ita paulatìm parteis inferio
res, inferiore&longs;que, &longs;ub ip&longs;o polo detegimus, vt de-
draginta nouem. Dicent non totam Terram in bo
ream, &longs;ed nos duntaxat progredi; verùm id adfer
tur &longs;olùm in exemplum, vt o&longs;tendam, &longs;eu oculus &longs;o
lus, &longs;eu oculus vnà cum Terra progrediatur ver&longs;us
ortum, po&longs;&longs;e &longs;idera videri attolli; neque, vt hoc
appareat, e&longs;&longs;e nece&longs;&longs;arium, conuerti ip&longs;a ver&longs;us oc
ca&longs;um. Addo, &longs;i iudicant facilius moueri &longs;olum
oculum, quàm totam Terram in boream; cur non
facilius quoque iudicent moueri &longs;olam Terram in
ortum, quàm &longs;idera omnia, machinamque cælorum
vniuer&longs;am moueri in occa&longs;um? Non definio &longs;anè
vtrum fiat: &longs;ed cùm, quod &longs;pectat ad oculum, po&longs;
&longs;it vtrumque æquè præ&longs;tari; innuo &longs;olùm e&longs;&longs;e ra
tione agendum, vt mens in eam partem propendeat,
quam ratio fecerit veri&longs;imiliorem. Hoc verò po&longs;ito,
cùm ratione &longs;uadente &longs;it vero&longs;imilius moueri nauim
ver&longs;us portum, quàm portum, ac naueis, & domos,
terra&longs;que attiguas moueri ver&longs;us ip&longs;am nauim; &
&longs;pectante aliquo ex edita turri totam ciuitatem
circumpo&longs;itam, probabilius &longs;it hominem in fa&longs;ti
gium turris emergere, &longs;e&longs;eque in omnem circum
partem conuertere, quàm ciuitatem totam deprimi,
ac circa ip&longs;um conuerti; & oratore pro &longs;ugge&longs;tu
perorante, con&longs;entaneum magis &longs;it ip&longs;ius vultum
ad omneis circùm auditorij parteis ex ordine dirigi,
quàm totum auditorium circa vultum immobilem,
atque id genus &longs;imilia: Cur non ratione eadem &longs;ua
dente fiat vero&longs;imilius, probabilius, magis con&longs;en
taneum moueri Terram ver&longs;us ortum, ac totam
dine; quàm tantam illam machinam, totque, &
tanta &longs;idera circum ip&longs;am ire, eamque &longs;alutare? Profectò nauis e&longs;t aliqua &longs;en&longs;ibilis portio, &longs;iue po
tiùs e&longs;t alicuius &longs;en&longs;ibilis magnitudinis re&longs;pectu
portus, totiu&longs;que oppo&longs;itæ oræ; homo re&longs;pectu ci
uitatis, vultus re&longs;pectu auditorij: Terra verò com
parata ad tantæ illius machinæ amplitudinem, non
modò punctum e&longs;t, &longs;ed etiam, &longs;i quid fingi pote&longs;t
in&longs;en&longs;ibilius, ac minus puncto. Quanquam res po&longs;
&longs;et fortè videri vtcùmque tolerabilis, &longs;i tota illa ma
china vnico, ac &longs;implici motu circumferretur ver
&longs;us occa&longs;um; &longs;ed cùm aliunde tot Planetæ circum
ferantur quoque ver&longs;us ortum; quid potuit fieri
ab&longs;urdius, quàm fingi &longs;upra Planetas, &longs;upraque
omneis &longs;tellas fixas, ac &longs;phæras etiam cry&longs;tallinas,
riores nitenteis in ortum &longs;uis ac lentis motibus, con
tranitatur ip&longs;a, & ver&longs;us occa&longs;um incredibili ce
leritate omneis abripiat? An pote&longs;t e&longs;&longs;e quidpiam
violentius; & cogitari tamen e&longs;&longs;e in rerum natura
perpetuum? An e&longs;&longs;e quidpiam amfractuo&longs;ius; & at
tribui tamen naturæ, quæ quò tendit, procedit &longs;em
per per breui&longs;&longs;imam, & complanati&longs;&longs;imam viam? Terrâ profecto in ortum conuer&longs;â, quo compen
dio&longs;iùs nihil e&longs;t, &longs;ui, lentique in ortum motus re
linquentur ip&longs;is Planetis; & qui tam ip&longs;is, quam &longs;tel
lis fixis ver&longs;us occa&longs;um ine&longs;&longs;e apparet, ex vnica Ter
ræ in ortum conuer&longs;ione apparebit; adeò vt hæc
&longs;ola, &longs;implexque conuer&longs;io æqui
la tanta liberet orbeis inferiores. Quanquam aliunde
&longs;olidi orbes, qui in&longs;itos &longs;ibi Planetas deuehentes,
debuerunt e&longs;&longs;e contigui, vt inferiores abripi à &longs;u
perioribus po&longs;&longs;ent, nulli planè &longs;unt; vt vel explorati
motus Veneris, & Mercurij &longs;upra, ac infra Solem,
& Cometarum traiectiones per &longs;patia illa &longs;atis con
uincunt. Quare nec motus ille raptus pote&longs;t iam
ampliùs peragi; quandò Planetarum quidem glo
bos per libera, fluxáque &longs;patia abripi non po&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t
&longs;atis per&longs;picuum; & retentis etiam &longs;olidis &longs;phæris,
manife&longs;tum e&longs;t, &longs;i &longs;uperficies inferiorum convexæ,
& &longs;uperiorum concauæ politi&longs;&longs;imæ fuerint (vt nece&longs;
&longs;ariò, & vulgò cen&longs;ent) non po&longs;&longs;e planè inferiores
à &longs;uperioribus abripi, quippe de&longs;tituræ an&longs;is, qui
bus in orbem impellantur, motumque accipiant;
ac po&longs;&longs;e ad &longs;ummum impul&longs;ionem pror&longs;ùm, &longs;eu in
rectum accipere, qualis profectò non admittetur. Noto intereà propter Cometas; cùm præter pro
prias trajectiones, quæ &longs;unt nunc in boream, nunc
in au&longs;trum, nunc aliò; appareant etiam conuer&longs;ione
diurna ab ortu in occa&longs;um ferri; quid vero&longs;imilius
cogitari po&longs;&longs;it, quàm moueri illos motu vnico, &longs;eu
trajectione propria; circumductionem verò illam in
occa&longs;um e&longs;&longs;e duntaxat apparentem, ex conuer&longs;ione
Terræ diurna in ortum? Hæc &longs;anè conuer&longs;io eiu&longs;
modi e&longs;t, vt quicquid &longs;ur&longs;ùm, vltrave Terram, ac
per mundana &longs;patia &longs;eu e&longs;t, &longs;eu na&longs;citur, &longs;eu tran&longs;it,
a&longs;&longs;ingat illi, vt & apparet, conuer&longs;ionem ver&longs;us oc
ca&longs;um. Ni&longs;i verò id non videtur e&longs;&longs;e captui accom-
v&longs;que nobis vicinum extendere, vt &longs;eu Cometa,
&longs;eu quid aliud in eo fuerit, ver&longs;us occa&longs;um abripi
po&longs;&longs;it? Stupendum profectò, punctulum hoc &longs;olum
immotum con&longs;tare: & tantam circùm machinam ro
tatione intereà illa incredibiliter celeri inde&longs;inen
ter circumductam! Quare neque e&longs;t, cur Coperni
canis vt ab&longs;urdum obijciant, fore vt nos in parte
quadam &longs;uperficiei terrenæ ex&longs;i&longs;tentes tanta mo
ueamur celeritate, vt vix globus bombardicus cele
ritatem tantam a&longs;&longs;equatur: &longs;iquidem retorquebi
tur, quàm videatur e&longs;&longs;e incomparabiliter ab&longs;urdius
eiu&longs;dem circumductionis celeritatem transferre in
partem &longs;uperficiei &longs;phæræ Lunæ, Solis, Firmamen
ti, Primi mobilis? Nam nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t quidem in vno
horæ &longs;ecundo, &longs;eu in inter&longs;titio, quod e&longs;t ab vna me
diocri pul&longs;atione arteriæ ad aliam, punctum terrenæ
&longs;uperficiei percurrere &longs;ub Aequatore, vbi motus e&longs;t
rapidi&longs;&longs;imus, orgyias, &longs;eu toi&longs;as circiter ducentas;
& à nobis, ver&longs;us dimidium latitudinis borealis ex
&longs;i&longs;tentibus, circiter centum; at cùm vel ip&longs;ius Fir
mamenti ambitus iuxta communem &longs;ententiam &longs;it
major Terræ ambitu plu&longs;quàm quinquagies millies,
nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t in vno horæ &longs;ecundo punctum ambitus
Firmamenti percurrere quinquagies millies tantun
dem orgyiarum. Itaque dum vnum ab&longs;urdum de
uitant, incidunt in aliud, quod &longs;it quinquagies mil
lies ab&longs;urdius. Quantùm putas verò occurret ad
augenda ab&longs;urditas, cùm acceptum fuerit punctum
in ambitu Primi mobilis, ac interpo&longs;ito pre&longs;ertìm Et obijciant præ
tereà parteis Terræ præ tanta illa vertigine di&longs;tra
ctum iri: quàm erit magis di&longs;tractio timenda par
tibus Primi mobilis, vt abreptis vertigine incom
parabiliter rapidiore? Tamet&longs;i ip&longs;is partibus Terræ
nihil &longs;ube&longs;t periculi, quæ, quòd cohæreant omnes
inter &longs;e, motúque &longs;emper naturali, æquabilique fe
rantur, perinde &longs;e habent, ac &longs;i quie&longs;cerent; &longs;olu&longs;
que foret ca&longs;us timendus, &longs;i Terra impingeretur in
corpus ob&longs;i&longs;tens, aut aliàs quiete repentina con&longs;i
&longs;teret; quod magis tamen timendum non e&longs;t, quàm
ne &longs;ecundum communem &longs;ententiam Mundus impin
gatur, aut repentè conquie&longs;cat. Quo loco id vi
detur e&longs;&longs;e con&longs;ideratione dignum, &longs;i Terra fui&longs;&longs;et
&longs;uápte naturâ ad quie&longs;cendum in&longs;tituta, &longs;ortituram
hand-dubiè fui&longs;&longs;e aut pyramidalem, aut cubicam
formam, non, vt habet, orbicularem; cuius cau&longs;à
vti ad motum e&longs;t comparati&longs;&longs;ima, ita videtur peni
tùs moueri &longs;uapte naturâ. Neque obijcias Solem
quoque, imô etiam Firmamentum, atque adeò Mun
dum &longs;ecundum Copernicanos orbicularis e&longs;&longs;e fi
guræ nam & Soli ip&longs;i in centro circumvolutionem
non negant, quæ eadem po&longs;&longs;it conuenire Firmamen
ti &longs;ideribus, circa proprios nempe axeis reuolutis,
vnde e&longs;&longs;e &longs;cintillatio à plæri&longs;que putatur; & quod ad
ip&longs;am Firmamenti, &longs;eu Mundi conuexitatem attinet,
&longs;it ne orbicularis an non; id neque ad illorum hy
pothe&longs;in nece&longs;&longs;arium e&longs;t, neque pote&longs;t humanæ
menti innote&longs;cere vllâ conjecturâ
VIII.
Obiter verò, ne id moretur, quòd circulari
um &longs;it id corpus, cui ine&longs;t, deor&longs;ùm rectà pellere;
ideò &longs;ciendum e&longs;t grauitatem affectionem e&longs;&longs;e non
totius Terræ, &longs;ed partium ip&longs;ius, donec ab ip&longs;a auel
luntur. Declarata penè res manet ex iis, quæ dixi
&longs;uperiore Epi&longs;tola, cùm de corporum terrenorum
attractione ab ip&longs;a Terra. Nam globus quidem ip&longs;e
Terræ &longs;ecundum &longs;e totum &longs;pectatùs nullo indiget
motu recto, quo &longs;e in locum &longs;uum recipiat, è quo
nunquàm egreditur; indigent verò eius partes, vt
&longs;e in
inter dum emoüeri, ac &longs;eparari. Quamobrem nihil
fuit nece&longs;&longs;e indere toti ip&longs;i globo grauitatem, &longs;eu
vìm, impetumque, quo rectà ferretur in locum, ex
tra quem con&longs;titutus foret; &longs;ed &longs;atis fuit inderevim,
qua contineret &longs;uas parteis, ea&longs;demque retraheret,
&longs;i contingeret eas diuelli. Scilicet motus i&longs;te rectus,
quem grauitatis dicimus, vnitiuus e&longs;t, vt &longs;ic dicam,
& congregatiuus omnium Terræ partium; indició
que e&longs;t, quòd tam ex parte no&longs;tri, quàm ex parte
antipodum, & vndequáque in idem con&longs;piret; &longs;ed
cùm &longs;it congregatiuus partium relatarum in ip&longs;um
globum, non e&longs;t tamen congregatiuus ip&longs;ius globi
cum re alia, vt &longs;i Terra e&longs;&longs;et cum Luna, orbibu&longs;ve
aliis mundi congreganda. Neque dici pote&longs;t gra
uitatem, &longs;eu vim ad hunc motum, conce&longs;&longs;am e&longs;&longs;e
toti Terræ, vt vel &longs;e recipiat in locum mundi infimum,
vel recepta, &longs;e in illo Siquidem in mundo ni
hil
animalis, ac poti&longs;&longs;imùm hominis, cuius vna e&longs;t pars
fima, videlicet pedes; eo modo, quo non e&longs;t etiam
in mundo aliquid dextrum, aut &longs;ini&longs;trum, &longs;ed com
paratè duntaxat ad &longs;itum eiu&longs;dem animalis, cuius
partes dextra, ac &longs;ini&longs;tra &longs;unt propriæ. Ex quo fit,
vt quemadmodum pars mundi oriens tibi dextra non
dicitur, ni&longs;i quatenùs partem dextram ad ip&longs;um con
uertis; cùm &longs;i conuerteris &longs;ini&longs;tram, &longs;ini&longs;tra ex&longs;ti
tura &longs;it; ita pars mundi verticalis non dicatur e&longs;&longs;e &longs;u
prema, ni&longs;i quatenùs partem tui &longs;upremam ip&longs;i ob
uer&longs;am habes; cùm &longs;i ad antipodas tran&longs;iens obuer
teris infimam, eadem &longs;it infima futura. Dices in&longs;i
mum accipiendum non e&longs;&longs;e in mundi extremo, &longs;ed
&longs;olùm in centro, &longs;eu in medio, quod idem &longs;it cen
trum, &longs;eu medium Telluris. At primùm, licet con
cedatur habere mundum centrum, &longs;eu medium;
non &longs;equitur nihilominùs po&longs;&longs;e illud infimum dici;
vt neque licet vnbilicus &longs;it media in homine pars, di
ci proptereà infima pote&longs;t Et &longs;anè, quod opponi
tur medio, non &longs;upremum e&longs;t, &longs;ed extremum, &longs;unt
que &longs;upremum, & infimum oppo&longs;itæ partes in eo
dem extremo; etiam in ip&longs;a Terra; cuius locum me
dium non alia ratione infimum habemus, quam vt
ip&longs;am (&longs;ic loqui liceat) infimitatem bipartiamur, qua
nos antipodibus, antipodes nobis infimi videntur. Deinde, ecquis dicere valeat, an, & qualis &longs;it pars mun
di extrema, ac proindean, & vbi &longs;it illius centrum,
&longs;eu medium; præ&longs;ertìm verò cùm videamus non abs
ratione controuerti, moueantur-ne fixæ circa Ter
ram, an-non; & &longs;int-ne omnes in eadem &longs;uperficie,
parent, neque tamen &longs;unt) longiùs, & remotiùs in
immen&longs;um di&longs;per&longs;æ? Nimirúm ex quo tanta e&longs;t di
&longs;tantia, vt vi&longs;us no&longs;ter di&longs;cernere intercepta &longs;patia
non po&longs;&longs;it, apparent ip&longs;i omnia eiu&longs;dem e&longs;&longs;e di&longs;tan
tiæ, omnia in eadem circumferentia, cuius ip&longs;e cen
trum &longs;it, vbi &longs;e conuertens ea circum&longs;pectârit: adeò
vt, &longs;iue in Luna, &longs;iue in Sole, &longs;iue in quacumque
parte immen&longs;i huius &longs;patij te con&longs;titutum e&longs;&longs;e fingas,
perinde &longs;is judicaturus & Mundum e&longs;&longs;e &longs;phæricum,
& ex&longs;i&longs;tere te in centro eius circumferentiæ, in qua
& omnia &longs;idera, & quæcumque demùm procùl vi
deris, imaginére con&longs;tituta. Dignum e&longs;t certè admi
ratione ip&longs;os Planetas, ex quibus &longs;olis, vt nobis vi
cinioribus, conjecturam quandam licet capere, ad
mitti à non-nemine habere motus excentricos, &longs;eu
quorum centrum alibi, quàm in centro Telluris &longs;it;
& Terræ tamen centrum id vulgò haberi, circa quod
globorum cæle&longs;tium circumductiones peragantur? Heinc proinde dico ne&longs;ciri à nobis, an dum terrena
corpora, vbi &longs;emota fuerint, referuntur in ip&longs;am
Terram, ferantur &longs;imùl in centrum Mundi; &
quamuis forta&longs;&longs;è ferantur, e&longs;&longs;e id tamen ex acci
denti; vti e&longs;t etiam ex accidenti, quod in centrum
Terræ ip&longs;ius ferantur, in quo, tanquam in mero
puncto neque recipi, neque quietem a&longs;&longs;equi va
leant. Scilicet tendunt per &longs;e in Terram, veluti in
totum, ac principium &longs;uum, ip&longs;amque a&longs;&longs;equutæ
ita conquie&longs;cunt, vt peruenire pr&ecedil;terà ad v&longs;que cen
trum non magis curent, quàm infans, vbi &longs;e recepit
ranea. Ex accidenti verò e&longs;t, quòd dirigantur &longs;i
mùl in centrum, quatenus tendentes in Terram per
breui&longs;&longs;imam lineam, contingit hanc lineam, &longs;i pro
ducta intelligatur, tran&longs;ire per centrum; vti ex acci
denti e&longs;t, quòd dum ego heinc contendo Pari&longs;ios,
Caletum ver&longs;us dirigar, de quo tamen non cogito,
quatenùs eadem via e&longs;t, quæ continüata perducit
Caletum. Non repeto porrô quæ &longs;unt circa attra
ctionem deducta; elicio &longs;olum grauitatem, quæ e&longs;t
in ip&longs;is partibus Terræ, terreni&longs;ve corporibus, non
tam e&longs;&longs;e vim in&longs;itam, quàm ex attractu Terræ im
pre&longs;&longs;am; idque po&longs;&longs;e intelligi adjuncto exemplo ip
&longs;ius magnetis. Accipito enim, & contineto manu la
minulam ferri paucarum vnciarum. Si &longs;upponatur
deinde manui magnes aliquis robu&longs;ti&longs;&longs;imus, expe
riere pondus non iam vnciarum, &longs;ed librarum aliquot
e&longs;&longs;e. Et quia fatebere hoc pondus non tam e&longs;&longs;e in&longs;i
rum ferro, quàm impre&longs;&longs;um ex attractione magne
tis manui &longs;uppo&longs;iti; idcircô vbi agitur de pondere
&longs;eu grauitate lapidis, alteriu&longs;ve corporis terreni, in
telligi pote&longs;t ea grauitas non tam conuenire huiu&longs;
modi corpori ex &longs;e, quàm ex attractione &longs;uppo&longs;itæ
Terræ. Quippe & finge quoties ferrum manu &longs;u
&longs;tenta&longs;ti fui&longs;&longs;e magnetem &longs;uppo&longs;itum, quod &longs;uppo
&longs;itum tamen ignorares, crederes omninô eiu&longs;modi
pondus e&longs;&longs;e in&longs;itum ip&longs;i ferro, quod e&longs;&longs;et tamen at
tractitium: quid ni igitur idem po&longs;&longs;is de lapide
credere, quòd illum nunquam &longs;u&longs;tentâtis &longs;ine Terra
&longs;uppo&longs;ita, quam ne&longs;cieris e&longs;&longs;e magnetem ingentem?
grauitatem, &longs;iue attractionem imprimi &longs;erro à ma
gnete, quàm ab ip&longs;a Terra (à qua etiam magnes,
dum &longs;u&longs;penditur, ferrum abducit) non id videtur
e&longs;&longs;e aliunde, quàm ex eo, quòd virtus attractrix e&longs;t
in magnete collectior, atque adeò inten&longs;ior pro mo
dulo corporis, quàm in ip&longs;o corpore Terræ, in quo
exten&longs;ior e&longs;t, neque in &longs;ingulis partibus, &longs;ed in to
to &longs;olùm explicatur quanta e&longs;t tota; co modo, quo
&longs;i linguam grano &longs;alis admoueas, id ip&longs;am poten
tius a&longs;&longs;iciet, quàm occanus; non quod totus ocea
nus &longs;al&longs;edinis amplius non habeat, &longs;ed quòd &longs;al
&longs;edo in oceano diffa&longs;ior &longs;it, neque, quà linguam ad
moues, adeò collecta, & explicita, ac in grano
vnico &longs;alis. Magnetem, & ferrum vt mittam, cùm
grauitas lapidis in Terram cadentis intendatur, & ex
nouorum graduum acce&longs;&longs;ione maior euadat; ac i&longs;ta
inten&longs;io, &longs;eu graduum acce&longs;&longs;io non videatur aliun
de e&longs;&longs;e, quàm ex ip&longs;a Terræ attractione (adjuncta
modo expo&longs;ito impal&longs;ione aëris) ecquid nam pro
babilius e&longs;t, quàm gradum grauitatis primum, la
pidique nondum moto conuenientem, ex eadem e&longs;&longs;e
attractione? Eadem &longs;anè e&longs;t grauitatis &longs;pecies, neque
qualitas vlla meliùs, quàm à congenea intenditur. An interim forte hærebis, quòd de leuitate grauita
ti oppo&longs;ita, nonnulli&longs;que corporibus conueniente
nihil intermi&longs;ceam? Sed facio nempe, quòd leuitas
nihil aliud &longs;it quàm grauitas minor; &longs;icque hæ duæ
&longs;int
&longs;olutæ, &longs;ed re&longs;pectiuæ; quatenùs nempe vnum cor-
grauioris, &longs;icque leue e&longs;t, quod e&longs;t minùs graue,
& graue, quod e&longs;t minùs leue. Vt exemplo dicam,
comparentur lapis, aqua, oleum, aër, ignis, quæ
terrena e&longs;&longs;e corpora priùs diximus. Ob&longs;eruabis aquam
&longs;upra Terræ &longs;uperficiem, vt in lacu, fo&longs;&longs;a, aut, &longs;i
velis, intra lebetem planè quie&longs;cere: verùm &longs;i la
pis immittatur, is ad imum ita de&longs;cendet, vt aqua
cedens locum, a&longs;cendat. Sic oleum in eodem va
&longs;e optimè quie&longs;cet: &longs;ed infundatur aqua, ea petet
fundum, & oleum &longs;ummum. In eodem va&longs;e non
&longs;it liquor, quie&longs;cet in illo optimè aër: &longs;ubeat oleum;
id deor&longs;ùm tendet, & aër &longs;ur&longs;ùm. Denique ignis
&longs;uápte naturâ ip&longs;i Terræ incumberet; at quia immi
net, circum&longs;tatque aër; ideò is viciniam Terræ appe
tit, & cogitur ignis ex Terra abire. Ita corpora i&longs;ta
omnia dicentur grauia, & leuia comparatè, &longs;eu re&longs;
pectiuè; & lapis quidem graui&longs;&longs;imus, quia maximè
omnium attrahitur; &longs;iue minimè omnium leuis, quia
minimùm abducitur: aqua verò, quæ re&longs;pectu la
pidis leuis e&longs;t, grauis erit re&longs;pectu olei; & oleum le
ue re&longs;pectu aquæ, erit graue re&longs;pectu aëris; & aër le
uis re&longs;pectu olei, grauis erit re&longs;pectu ignis: ignis
po&longs;tremò omnium leui&longs;&longs;imus cen&longs;ebitur, quia ma
ximè omnium attollitur; &longs;iue omnium minimè gra
uis, quia ex omnibus, quæ attrahuntur à Terra,
trahitur ip&longs;e minimùm. Heinc quia difficultas e&longs;t de
&longs;olo igne; non e&longs;t, cur dum &longs;ur&longs;ùm contendit, exi
&longs;times illum &longs;uam, vt vulgò dicunt, quærere &longs;phæ
ram (ad quam non ignis ex omnibus &longs;iluis perue-
propria, quàm ab aëre impul&longs;us contendit. Ni&longs;i
forta&longs;&longs;is vbio leum in fundo maris fuerit, dicasillud
&longs;ur&longs;ùm conniti, vt quærat &longs;phæram oleagineam,
quæ &longs;it &longs;upra aquam; potiù&longs;quàm ab aqua &longs;ur
&longs;ùm adigi, &longs;eu à vicinia Terræ expelli, à qua &longs;anè non
emergeret, ni&longs;i aqua &longs;ubterueniret? Aut ni&longs;i in le
betem aqua &longs;emi plenum, & in vertice montis edi
ti&longs;&longs;imi con&longs;titutum lapillos inijciens, dicas aquam
a&longs;cendere, vt &longs;ur&longs;ùm inueniat &longs;phæram aqueam,
potiù&longs;quàm à lapide abigi, propellique à lebetis
fundo? Aut ni&longs;i, cùm ignis inuolat in pabulum
&longs;uppo&longs;itum, dicas illum in &longs;uam de&longs;cendere &longs;phæ
ram, &longs;imiliterque aerem in &longs;uam, quoties puteus
effoditur, tubulu&longs;ve vacuus in Terram defigitur per
tran&longs;uer&longs;am aquam? Aut ni&longs;i potiùs ip&longs;e aër non
tam naturaliter &longs;upra Terram, quàm &longs;upra aquam
requie&longs;cit; puta&longs;que &longs;phæram aëris ita e&longs;&longs;e nece&longs;&longs;a
riò &longs;upra aquam, vt in tot i&longs;tis regionibus, in qui
bus &longs;upra aquam non e&longs;t, cum violentia detinea
tur? Sed &longs;i probari tibi requiras, quomodò ignis
pellatur &longs;ur&longs;ùm ab aëre; con&longs;idera vt ignis in cami
no non ardeat, &longs;i tam ianuas, quam fene&longs;tras omneis
ita perfectè occlu&longs;eris, vt ne per minimam quidem
rimulam &longs;ubingredi aër in cameram po&longs;&longs;it. Nempe
ni&longs;i aër &longs;it, qui &longs;uccedat in locum illius, qui ignem
&longs;ur&longs;ùm abigit, nulla fiet (vnde & ignis extinguetur)
abactio; fiet autem vbi libertate ingrediendi aëri ex
terno facta, aër interior habebit ponè alium, qui &longs;i
bi ignem in&longs;equenti &longs;uccedat, & cameram compleat;
quod o&longs;tiolo, rimuli&longs;ve cum camera communicet,
& clau&longs;is fene&longs;tris caminum &longs;olùm apertum habeat,
&longs;uccedere aërem ex illo in camer
tereà &longs;upernè, atque deforis in ip&longs;ius cubiculi cami
num inducitur, cuius ductus &longs;i &longs;it angu&longs;tior, & &longs;ub
jectus ignis igne camera inualidior, aër de&longs;cendens
fumum repellet, cubiculumque fumo complebit. Clarum e&longs;t aliunde vt per hiemen &longs;edenti ad ignem
pedes antror&longs;um incale&longs;cant, ad calcem verò refri
gerentur; impetente &longs;cilicet calcem ip&longs;o aere frigido,
qui extrin&longs;ecus ad ignem contendit. Con&longs;idera
etiam quemadmodum ignis vehementius ardeat, &longs;i
ligna, aut carbones crate ferrea &longs;u&longs;tententur, quàm
&longs;i focario lapidi, cineribu&longs;ve in&longs;i&longs;tant: quia videlicet
pote&longs;t aër &longs;e&longs;e meliûs &longs;upponere, & inter abigendum
&longs;ur&longs;ùm ignem, ligna, carbone&longs;ve perflare: vnde &
Chymicorum fornax, quàm flatuo&longs;am vocant, non
aliis eget follibus, quàm aëre &longs;ubter appellente, &
&longs;uperex&longs;tanteis carbones validi&longs;&longs;imo flatu ventilante. Atque ex his denique dico, e&longs;&longs;e quidem in Terra
motus rectos &longs;ur&longs;ùm, & deor&longs;ùm; &longs;ed illos e&longs;&longs;e par
tium proprios (vt &longs;unt etiam propriæ grauitas, &
tiùs tam grauitatis, quàm leuitatis experti, &longs;phæ
ricáque fotmâ tornatæ, circularem motum aut com
petere, aut non repugnare. Rem declararem exem
plo nauis, in qua qui a&longs;cendunt, ex&longs;cenduntque, &
quæ attolluntur, deprimunturque omnia non ob
&longs;tant, quò minùs nauis &longs;uum cur&longs;um eat; verum res
tur in Luna, aut quouis alio Mundano globo, in
quo centrum &longs;it, & extremum, & in quo partes re
ctà moueri ab&longs;que impedimento circulatis, ac ge
neralis motus po&longs;&longs;int. Nemo certè neget in Luna
e&longs;&longs;e vim continentem partium, atque adeò ip&longs;a,
mitti po&longs;&longs;e in partibus Lunæ grauitatem, & leui
tatem, ac motus &longs;ur&longs;ùm, deor&longs;ùmque, ab&longs;que eo,
quòd Luna &longs;ecundum &longs;e totam &longs;it grauis, aut leuis,
& recto feratur, non circulari motu. Quæ&longs;o porrô,
&longs;i nihil Lunam æthere &longs;olo circum datam mou
orbem repugnat; quid repugnare po&longs;&longs;it, quò mi
nùs ip&longs;a quoque Terra in orbem feratur, quam præ
ter ætherem (aut &longs;i velis, ip&longs;um aërem) nihil cir
cumambit? An-non, &longs;i ingens globus plumbeus,
vbi fuerit funi prælongo appen&longs;us, nullo negotio
moueri pote&longs;t, quòd vis illum de or &longs;ùm ferens &longs;it
á fune edomita, ac velutinulla; poterit ip&longs;e globus
Telluris moueri longè faciliùs, nulla inex&longs;i&longs;tente vi,
quæ ip&longs;um aliquorsùm ferat? Quòd &longs;i putes ip&longs;um
à centro teneri; finge Intelligentiam &longs;ubuexi&longs;&longs;e illum
à centro, & congruo fune &longs;u&longs;pendi&longs;&longs;e; an non tunc
&longs;altem fune edomante illius in centrum propenden
tiam, foret motu facillimus, &longs;i modo qui
qui extra ip&longs;um con&longs;i&longs;tens impellere po&longs;&longs;et à Ec
quam verò pote&longs;t majorem habere ad motum re&longs;i
&longs;tentiam, &longs;i in centro fuerit &longs;u&longs;pen&longs;a per &longs;e, quàm
&longs;i extra centrum &longs;u&longs;pendatur ab alio? An centro,
quod merum e&longs;t punctum, quòd que vt maguitudine,
uinciat, cohibeat que molem hanc tantam? Et non
ne iure Archimedes depopo&longs;cit &longs;olùm extra Ter
ram locum, in quo po&longs;&longs;et &longs;e &longs;i&longs;tere, ratus &longs;e ex eo Quanquam, vt præmonui, i&longs;ta
obiter.
IX.
Multa &longs;unt prætereà, quæ obijci &longs;olent ex
apparente ip&longs;ius Solis, Planetarumque aliorum mo
tu per Zodiacum, &longs;iue &longs;ub Zodiaco, vt impugnetur
annuus, quo moueri Terram per Zodiacum Co
pernicani a&longs;&longs;euerant. Atque hoc quidem loco ex
pli
cipuarum Mundi partium, ac in iis Telluris &longs;itus con
tinetur. Verumtamen habes tu i&longs;teic Philolaüm rediui
u
etiam fieri pote&longs;t, geometrico more probauit. Quare & mihi &longs;u&longs;&longs;
ad o&longs;tendendum argumenti propo&longs;iti imbecillitatem
conducunt. Primum igitur &longs;upponendum iuxta il
lorum &longs;ententiam e&longs;t, e&longs;&longs;e, aut appatere Mun
dum &longs;phæricæ &longs;iguræ; Solem e&longs;&longs;e in eius centro,
ex cóque non digredi: Fixas, vt vocant, &longs;tellas e&longs;&longs;e
in eiu&longs;dem circumferentia, con&longs;taréque etiam im
motas. In &longs;patiointermedio e&longs;&longs;e, ac moueri Plane
tas, & co quidem ordine, vt proximè circa So
lem vertatur Mercurij &longs;idus intra men&longs;eis circiter
treis; &longs;uccedat Venus, quæ intra nouem; tertio
loco &longs;it Tellus, quæ intra duodecim, &longs;iue annum
vnum; &longs;equatur Mars, qui intra annos proximè duos;
tum Iupiter; qui intra duodecim; ac po&longs;tremò Sa-
turnus, qui intra triginta. Cùmque circulus à Ter
ra de&longs;criptus &longs;atis amplo inter&longs;titio heinc à circulo
Veneris, heinc à circulo Martis di&longs;tet; idcircô in
hoc inter&longs;titio &longs;patium accipi, magnum orbem di
ctum, in quo circulus qua&longs;i in&longs;ertus concipiatur,
cuius Terra centrum &longs;it, & &longs;ecundum cuius ambi
tum Luna Terræ circumducatur men&longs;truo tempore;
dum intereà vna cum Terra circumducitur Soli in
tra annum. Et cum etiam circulus Iouis &longs;atis am
plo interuallo heinc à Martis, heinc à Saturni cir
culis di&longs;tet; ideò concipi in hoc interuallo circellos
quatuor, &longs;ecundum quos, & circa Iouem, vt circa
&longs;telllulæ, &longs;idera Medicea dictæ, &longs;uis quæque perio
dis; dum intereà vnà cum Ioue conficiunt circa So
lem periodum duodecim annorum. Atque id qui
dem, ne memorem duas veluti Lunulas, &longs;iue an&longs;u
las, quæ Saturni formam exhibent oblongam,
qua&longs;que &longs;ejungi ab eo, vt &longs;uas à Ioue Lunulas,
nondum planè con&longs;tat.
di amplitudinem concipi, vt quod &longs;patium e&longs;t à
Saturno v&longs;que ad Fixas, &longs;it penè immen&longs;um; tantum
&longs;cilicet, vt complexus omnium Planetatum cum So
le in medio, &longs;i in orbem formatum concipias, pun
ctum penè &longs;it re&longs;pectu illius, appariturus nempe
ex Fixis qua&longs;i vna aliqua &longs;tella; veluti complexus
quatuor Lunularum, &longs;eu Planetularum Iouialium
cum &longs;oue in medio, pro vna &longs;tella heinc reputatur. Saltem complexus Telluris per circulum annuum
tran&longs;latæ cum comprehen&longs;is. Venere, Mercurio,
ac Sole in medio, &longs;i formatum &longs;imiliter in orbem,
&longs;cu globum concipias, concipiendus tantulus e&longs;t,
habita ratione di&longs;tantiæ Eixarum, vt &longs;pectatus ex
ip&longs;is &longs;ixis appariturus fit qua&longs;i punctum, &longs;eu qua&longs;i
minima paruularum &longs;tellarum. Id &longs;anè valdè para
doxum, cùm &longs;emidiameter huius orbis (quem Ma
gnum iam A&longs;tronomi vocant) &longs;eu di&longs;tantia quæ e&longs;t
a Sole ad Terram, admittatur vulgò continere
Terræ &longs;emìdiametros propemodum mille, & ducen
tas. Sod con&longs;idera primùm communem &longs;ententiam
non diffiteri quin &longs;altem Terra, quantacumque no
bis appareat, &longs;it veluti punctum, comparata ad
di&longs;tare à Terra admittit terrenis &longs;emidiametris qua
ter decies mille. Con&longs;idera &longs;ecundò hanc di&longs;tan
tiam non ob&longs;eruatione, &longs;ed conjectura, & mero
arbitratu a&longs;&longs;umi: quoniam cum ægrè emetiri liceat
di&longs;tantiam, quæ e&longs;t heinc v&longs;que ad Saturnum, quòd
nos parallaxis, vt vocant, deficiat (hoc e&longs;t, quòd
tanta magnitudo, quanta e&longs;t Terræ &longs;emidiameter,
ex cuius comparatione cæle&longs;tia &longs;patia men&longs;uramus,
non ampliùs appareat, &longs;ed ad vi&longs;um planè, ob
nimiam elongationem euane&longs;cat) nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t quic
quid &longs;patiorum e&longs;t vltra Saturnum, men&longs;uram om
nem fugiat, &, &longs;i qui&longs;piam definiat, pro mero arbi
trio id faciat. Con&longs;idera rur&longs;ùs, non e&longs;&longs;e proinde,
cur communìs &longs;ententia a&longs;&longs;umat di&longs;tantiam huiu&longs;
cemodi; & Pythagoreorum, Copernicanorumve
&longs;ententiæ non liceat a&longs;&longs;umere di&longs;tantiam millies aut
etiam decies milliNam, vt illa argu
mentatur non e&longs;&longs;e, cur cen&longs;eamus Deum facere
volui&longs;&longs;e Mundum adeò va&longs;tum; &longs;ic i&longs;ta, non e&longs;&longs;e,
cur cen&longs;eamus Deum facere volui&longs;&longs;e adeò angu&longs;tum;
& cùm neutra probare experientia, &longs;eu ob&longs;eruatio
ne po&longs;&longs;it quid Deo placuerit; videtur po&longs;terior,
dum naturæ rerum maje&longs;tatem amplificat, com
mendare magis & potentiam; & magnificentiam
Opificis &longs;ummi, quàm prior. At, inquies, &longs;i tanta
Fixarum di&longs;tantia &longs;tatuatur, vt hic magnus Telluris
orbis Venerem, Mercurium, & Solem complectens
pro puncto habeatur, fore ergo Solem tantò ma
gis punctum; quare neque fore, vt Sol &longs;it ex Fi-
& vniuer&longs;um mundum &longs;ua luce complere. Verùm
quamuis diameter Solis ex &longs;ixis &longs;pectati, non fuerit
ni&longs;i pars ducente&longs;ima diametri magni orbis; pote
rit nihilominùs Sol apparere tantus, quantus e&longs;t
ip&longs;e orbis, aut etiam tota regio Planetaria, quam
uis eius diameter &longs;it decuplò major; idque ob lu
cem vegetam, diffu&longs;o&longs;que ip&longs;ius radios, quibus
oculus afficiendus erit, ea ratione, qua flammula
candelæ noctu &longs;pectata ignis ingens procùl appa
ret. Talis radiorum circumfu&longs;io affingit &longs;tellis om
nibus magnitudinem, ambitumve majorem, quàm
reuerâ &longs;it; cùm nulla &longs;it fixa, cuius vera diameter
non comprobetur quam-plurimis vicibus minor ap
parente; & Planetæ quoque (tamet&longs;i &longs;int lucis lon
gè obtu&longs;ioris) diametro appareant aliquot vicibus
majore, quàm &longs;int, vt Mercurius circiter nouem,
quemadmodum exmea illa ob&longs;eruatione con&longs;titit. Quare & quemadmodum &longs;tella
minore &longs;it, quàm &longs;int diametri circellorum à Pla
netulis eius de&longs;criptorum, apparet nihilominùs tan
ta vt eiu&longs;cemodi circellos &longs;ua luce compleat; ita
Sol licet, diametro minor, quàm magnus i&longs;te or
bis &longs;it, poterit nihilominùs apparere tantus, vt com
pleat &longs;uis radiis totum illius interuallum, ac inter
uallum etiam totius regionis Planetariæ, & tantus
e&longs;&longs;e, quanta ip&longs;a videatur. Et fac non omninô com
plere; &longs;eu etiam pro
quæ&longs;o &longs;tellæ &longs;unt, quæ videri à nobis ob immen
&longs;am longinquitatem
non po&longs;&longs;it tamen ratione o&longs;tendi vllam e&longs;&longs;e &longs;tellam
adeò paruam, cuius amplitudo amplitudini Solis
cedat? Quòd Sol autem debeat fœnerari lucem to
ti Mundo, & &longs;tellas etiam fixas illu&longs;trare, id a&longs;&longs;u
mitur, non probatur; & nos, qui ob eius viciniam
collu&longs;tramur tantoperè, id ip&longs;i attribuimus, quod
potiore forta&longs;&longs;is jure attribueremus Caniculæ, &longs;i
foremus æquè vicini, & ab ip&longs;o Sole, quantum
nunc à Canicula, di&longs;taremus. Nam verum e&longs;t qui
dem Planetas mutuari &longs;uam lucem à Sole; at Fixæ,
quarum &longs;cintillatio, atque candicantia Solaris per
&longs;imilis e&longs;t, videntur omninô de &longs;uo collucere,
e&longs;&longs;éque totidem qua&longs;i Soles, quos Deus in illa
&longs;patrorum immen&longs;itate collocatos voluerit, ob &longs;i
neis nobis incompertos; vt incompertum etiam e&longs;t
ob quem finem volüerit &longs;tellas e&longs;&longs;e totque, & tantas,
ac co &longs;itu, eaque di&longs;tantia, quæ &longs;olet vulgo a&longs;&longs;eri.
quódque ab initio iam attigimus, conuenire glo
bo Telluris motum duplicem, diurnum, & annuum. Diurnus e&longs;t, de quo iam multa; is nimirùm e&longs;t,
qui competit Terræ, quatenus circa proprium axem
intra viginti quatuor horas ita vertitur, vt certam
Terræ partem (veluti i&longs;tam, in qua nos &longs;umus)
nunc ad Solem conuertens, diem illi creet; nunc à
Sole auertens, noctem illi faciat. Annuus vero e&longs;t,
quo Terra, dum circa &longs;eip&longs;am gyratur, pronro
uctur intereà in ortum &longs;ub Zodiaco, centrùmque
illius intelligitur &longs;en&longs;im de&longs;cribere iam memora-
conficiat; ita vt circa &longs;eip&longs;am reuoluatur trecentis
&longs;exaginta quinque periodis, dum intereà non ni&longs;i
vnam periodum circa Solem ab&longs;oluit. Fit i&longs;tud
porrô ad eum modum, quo trochus, &longs;eu tur
bo puerorum circumductâ &longs;enticâ in pauimentum
adactus ita gyratur circa &longs;eip&longs;um, &longs;iue axem
proprium, vt etiam di&longs;currat, circello&longs;que in pa
uimento de&longs;cribat: pluries enim &longs;ibi circumvolui
tur, dum intereà aliquem exarat circellum. Si ve
lis quoque, id &longs;imile e&longs;t, ac dum ambulans &longs;ic di
gitum moues, vt &longs;i eo de&longs;criberes in aëre medio
continenteis circellos. Quemadmodum enim di
gitus, dum &longs;ecundum viam transfertur, &longs;ibi ip&longs;i va
riè circumducitur; &longs;ic Terra, dum pergit per annu
am illam &longs;emitam circumit, intereà &longs;uum axem
trecenties, & &longs;exagies quinquies. Quoniam verò
is circulus, quem motu annuo Terra de&longs;cribit, ha
bet heinc Solem, inde illam fixarum regionem,
&longs;ecundum quam &longs;igna Zodiaci di&longs;po&longs;ita &longs;unt; eam
obrem &longs;it, vt cùm Terra e&longs;t ver&longs;us
lem ver&longs;us Libram; & cùm Terra tran&longs;it ex Ariete in
&longs;icque dum Terra e&longs;t in vno &longs;igno, Sol dicatur
e&longs;&longs;e in oppo&longs;ito; Terráque reip&longs;a percurrat Zodia
cum, &longs;eu Eclipticam, & Sol percurrat apparenter.
ræ tertium, qui inclinationis, &longs;eu declinationis di
citur: tamet&longs;i reip&longs;à nihil aliud e&longs;t, quàm conti
nentia Æquatoris, atque adeò axis terreni in &longs;ui-ip-Scilicet non e&longs;t concipiendum
centrum Terræ ita ferri per Eclipticam in memo
rato magno orbe conceptam, vt reuolutiones diur
næ &longs;ecundum ip&longs;am, ip&longs;iu&longs;ve ductum, aut lon
gitudinem fiant: neque enim Terræ æquator coit
in planum Eclipticæ, aut axis terrenus in Firma
mentum v&longs;que continüari intellectus, intelligitur
de&longs;cribere heinc inde circumductione annua, & cir
ca Eclipticæ polos, duos circulos eiu&longs;dem magni
tudinis cum eo, quem in magno orbe centrum Ter
ræ de&longs;cribit. Verùm ita e&longs;t concipiendum, vt reuo
lutiones diurnæ &longs;int parallelæ omnes cum ea, quæ
peragitur, dum Terra e&longs;t in æquinoctialibus pun
ctis, coitque in planum eius æquatoris, qui in eo
dem magno orbe concipitur: quippe æquator
Terræ tuetur &longs;emper &longs;itum parallelum cum eo,
quem habet in eiu&longs;cemodi punctis; & axis pro
inde ip&longs;ius ita manet &longs;emper &longs;ibi ip&longs;i parallelus, vt
in Firmamentum v&longs;que continüari intellectus, in
telligatur de&longs;cribere circumductione annua circa
vocatos mundi polos, duos circulos tantos, quan
tùs e&longs;t æquator ip&longs;e magni orbis. Id licebit perci
pere ex Copernicana machinali &longs;phæra; &longs;ed ni&longs;i
fortè ad manum &longs;it, accipito &longs;phæram vulgarem,
habetoque eius Eclipticam pro Ecliptica magni or
bis, & æquatorem pro æquatore ciu&longs;dem orbis; &
cum globulum, qui in centro e&longs;t, Terramque vul
gò repræ&longs;entat, pro Sole habueris, habeto extre
ma axis per ip&longs;um traducti, & in cælum v&longs;que con
tinuati pro iam vocatis polis mundi. V&longs;urpato dein-
bum po&longs;&longs;it, &longs;cilicet traducto radiolo, &longs;eu axiculo;
& circello medio, &longs;eu æquatore &longs;upra ip&longs;um de&longs;
cripto. Applicato hunc globulum &longs;upra inter&longs;ectio
nem, &longs;eu punctum æquinoctiale &longs;phæræ, & ita con
&longs;tituito, vt æquator globuli &longs;it in eodem plano, &longs;iue
congruat cum æquatore &longs;phæræ, axi&longs;que illius &longs;it
axi &longs;phæræ parallelus. Globulum ibi, ac in eo &longs;itu
circa axem reuoluito, ac deinde ip&longs;um reuoluere
continenter pergens &longs;en&longs;im promoueto &longs;ecundum
Eclipticam, ac ver&longs;us &longs;ol&longs;titiale punctum; &longs;ed ita
tamen, vt æquator globuli maneat &longs;emper paral
lelus æquatori &longs;phæræ, & axis illius, axi huius. De
ducito pari ratione in aliud æquinoctium, & porrô
per &longs;ol&longs;titium aliud, perducito ad æquinoctium prius,
&longs;eruato eodem paralleli&longs;mo. Tum demùm concipies
quod dictum e&longs;t de ip&longs;a Terra per Eclipticam ma
gni orbis ita tran&longs;lata, vt cius æquator continea
tur &longs;emper & æquatorimagni orbis, & &longs;ibi ip&longs;i pa
rallelus; & axis axi magni orbis, &longs;ibique ip&longs;i &longs;imi
liter. Quin-etiam, vt &longs;i oppo&longs;ueris ip&longs;os &longs;phæræ
polos parietibus oppo&longs;itis, & conceperis axem
&longs;phæræ vtrimque ad parietes continuatum de&longs;ignare
in ip&longs;is duo puncta oppo&longs;ita, concipies &longs;imùl axi
culum globuli continüari inteliectum ad eo&longs;dem
v&longs;que parietes de&longs;cribere vna &longs;ui circumductione
per Eclipticam, & circa de&longs;ignata puncta, duos
circulos æquatori &longs;phæræ æqualeis: Pari pror&longs;ùs mo
do id intelliges, quod dictum e&longs;t de circulis in Fir
mamenti fornice heinc inde de&longs;criptis circa polos
continuatus, & circumductus, intelligitur per me
dium mu&longs;æoli &longs;patium de&longs;cribere qua&longs;i columnam,
cuius ba&longs;es &longs;int memorati in parietibus circuli; ita
intelligere liceat immanem quandam qua&longs;i colum
nam per magni orbis &longs;patia ab axe Terræ conti
nüato, circumductoque de&longs;cribi, cuius ba&longs;es &longs;int
circuli illi iam repetiti in Firmamenti fornice.
denique huiu&longs;modi motum, &longs;iue continentiam in
paraileli&longs;mo ita fieri, vt tantillum tamen, &longs;eu in&longs;en
&longs;ibiliter lentior &longs;it ip&longs;o motu centri; efficiaturque,
vt centro Terræ ad idem æquinoctiale punctum re
deunte, æquator &longs;ecet Eclipticam nonnihil cite
rius, ac faciat cum illa angulum inclinationis, &longs;eu
declinationis maximum, aliquantò antecedenter. Non quòd angulus inclinationis non &longs;it &longs;emper idem,
aut æqualis, quódque æquator Terræ, axi&longs;que ip
&longs;ius non &longs;it &longs;emper &longs;ibi ip&longs;i patallelus; &longs;ed quòd
huiu&longs;modi angulus, &longs;iue inter&longs;ectio &longs;it mobilis,
fiatque &longs;en&longs;im in aliis, alii&longs;que Eclipticæ punctis
(idque regrediendo, &longs;iue procedendo contra &longs;igno
rum &longs;eriem, hoc e&longs;t ab Ariete in Pi&longs;ces, aut à Li
bra in Virginem) quódque Ecliptica ex&longs;i&longs;tente im
mobili, tum æquatoris planum per ip&longs;am decur
rere intelligatur; tum poli æquatoris &longs;eu mundi
intelligantur lentè moueri, idque regrediendo circa
polos Eclipticæ, &longs;eruatâ &longs;emper eadem di&longs;tantiâ. Quî id fieri valeat, vt po&longs;&longs;is quadamtenùs concipere,
duc etiam circellum in memorato globulo, qui
repr&ecedil;&longs;entet Eclipticam, & æquinoctiale eiuspun-
quator cum æquatore, & Ecliptica cum Ecliptica
congruat. Axiculum per eum traductum axi globi
æqualem fac, & vtrique eius extremo filum ailiga,
quod aliunde &longs;it polo Eclipticæ defixum. Tum, &longs;i
globulum retro, &longs;eu in antecedentia ita moueris,
vt illius Ecliptica Eclipticæ &longs;phæræ &longs;emper con
gruat, ob&longs;eruabis vt eius æquator Eclipticam con
tinuò &longs;ecet in antecedentibus punctis; &longs;ed &longs;eruato
tamen codem inclinationis angulo, & axis extremis
tuentibus &longs;emper æqualem di&longs;tantiam ab ip&longs;is Ecli
pticæ polis. Haud abs re porrô hæc antece&longs;&longs;io len
ta, &longs;eu lenti&longs;&longs;ima potiùs dicitur, quandò vna eius
periodus non ab&longs;oluitur, ni&longs;i intra annos vicies quin
quies mille.
X.
Vt ex hi&longs;ce &longs;uppo&longs;itis, ea quæ apparent, iam
attingam; Primùm apparet quidem Sol, quemad
modum iam diximus, moueri per Zodiacum; &longs;ed
vt nauis in medio mari circa immobilem nauim cir
cumducta apparet no&longs;tro Mediterraneo (de quo
nempe e&longs;t antè dictum) immota manere, & quæ
immota e&longs;t, videtur intereà ip&longs;i circumduci, qua
te
obtegit, donec ip&longs;a per oppo&longs;itam fertur; ita
Terra, cui inhæremus, circa Solem immotum cir
cunducta, viderinobis pote&longs;t immota, & Sol moue
ri circa ip&longs;am, occulereque &longs;uccedenter omneis
parteis Zodiaci, quatenus Terra intereà oppo&longs;itas
parteis &longs;uccedenter percurrit. Quare & cùm Terra
per medium Zodiacum incedens, circulum &longs;uo cen-
erit linea, quam Sol de&longs;cribet apparenter; adeò
vt non modò aliorum Planetarum latitudines, con
figuratione&longs;que eodem modo eueniant, &longs;iue Sol
reip&longs;a moueatur, &longs;iue moueri&longs;olum appareat; &longs;ed
eodem quoque modo Eclip&longs;es tam Solis, quàm
Lunæ contingant. Quippe cùm Luna motu men
&longs;truo ip&longs;i Terræ circumferatur; efficitur eadem ra
tione, vt Terræ, ac Soli directè interpo&longs;ita lucem
Terræ eripiat; & Terram habens &longs;ibi, ac Soli dire
ctè interpo&longs;itam, eádem Solis luce per Terram pri
uetur. Nimirùm eadem inclinatione de&longs;eribere po
te&longs;t orbitam, quæ Eclipticam à Terra de&longs;criptam
duobus in locis inter&longs;ecet, nodo&longs;que Eclipticos fa
ciat. Neque videtur morari debere nos P
quod ab&longs;urdum e&longs;&longs;e videatur, fore ergo Terram
vnum ex Planetis, & magis quidem præcipuum,
quàm Lunam, co modo, quo Iupiter e&longs;t præ &longs;uis
Lunis Mediceis præcipuus. Siquidem Terra glo
bo&longs;a e&longs;t, &longs;icut Planetæ cæteri; comparata e&longs;t ad
motum, vt illi; lucem Solis perinde excipit, re
flectitque, & per illam, non &longs;ecùs quàm illi, collu
cet: quemadmodùm probat lux illa debilior, quæ
in Luna tam recente, quàm &longs;ene&longs;cente ob&longs;eruatur,
quámque non aliunde e&longs;&longs;e, quàm à Terra per
&longs;picuum videtur vel ex eo, quod quando Luna
po&longs;t primam & ante &longs;ecundam quadraturam procul
e&longs;t à loco re&longs;lexionis lucis Solaris, quæ à Terra
&longs;emper ver&longs;us Solem &longs;it, tum Luna ea luce omninô
priuatur. Prætereà locus congruus inter Venerem
&longs;uerimus, tum Planetarum præcipuorum di&longs;po&longs;itio
mirè con&longs;entit, con&longs;equiturque adeò partium vni
uer&longs;i concentus, tam &longs;ecundum magnitudinem,
quàm &longs;ecundum motum. Nam Mercurius e&longs;t mi
nor Venere, Venus Terrâ, hæc Marte, Mars Ioue,
Iupiter Saturno; & Mercurius velociùs periodum
ab&longs;oluit, quàm Venus, hæc quàm Terra, ip&longs;a quàm
Mars, Mars quàm Iupiter, ille quàm Saturnus:
at iuxta communem &longs;ententiam videtur nihil e&longs;&longs;e,
fierive po&longs;&longs;e inordinatius. Quia, quod ad magni
tudinem &longs;pectat, Luna e&longs;t minor Mercurio, hic
minor Venere, hæc incomparabiliter minor Sole,
Sol incomparabiliter major Marte, Mars minor in
comparabiliter Ioue, Iupiter Saturno aliquantò
major. Quod ad motum verò, Luna ab&longs;oluit perio
dum men&longs;e, Mercurius, Venus, Sol omnes &longs;imùl
anno; Mars duobus annis, Iupiter duodecim, Sa
turnus triginta, Firmamentum vige&longs;ies quinquies
mille, Nona &longs;phæra qua&longs;i trepidando heinc mille
&longs;eptingentis, illeinc ter mille quadringentis; Pri
mum mobile horis viginti quatuor. Ad-hæc, tamet&longs;i
&longs;unt in Terra continentes, montes, valles, planities
in&longs;ulæ, i&longs;thmi, promontoria, maria, freta, &longs;inus,
lacus, &longs;tagna, amnes, &c. &longs;imilia quoque appa
rent in Luna, veri&longs;imileque e&longs;t, &longs;i aliorum Planc
tarum di&longs;citam propè &longs;pectarentur, tamque magni
viderentur, vt partium di&longs;tinctio, & diuer&longs;itas ob&longs;er
uabilis po&longs;&longs;et effici, fore, vt &longs;ui &longs;peciem non di&longs;
&longs;imilem exhiberent. Neque morari debet.
&longs;tente in centro, non videatur debere nobis in il
lius &longs;uperficie, ac in ip&longs;a &longs;imùl &longs;uperficie orbis ma
gni ex&longs;i&longs;tentibus, dimidium cæli fieri con&longs;picuum:
cùm tamen &longs;ex &longs;igna ex Firmamenti Zodiaco &longs;upra
horizontem con&longs;tanter appareant. Siquidem, vt iux
ta communem &longs;ententiam globi terreni moles ni
hil ob&longs;tat, quò minùs cen&longs;eamur videre hemi&longs;phæ
rium integrum; quoniam linea &longs;ecundum horizon
tem &longs;en&longs;ibilem in cælum v&longs;que &longs;tellatum directè tra
ducta, in idem vi&longs;ibile cæli punctum de&longs;init, in quod
linea ip&longs;i parallela, quæ concipitur per centrum, vt
per horizontem rationalem traijci; quòd illæ nempe,
ob immen&longs;am cæli di&longs;tantiam, &longs;ecundum &longs;en&longs;um
coeant, ip&longs;arumque intercapedo, tamet&longs;i æqualis
Terræ &longs;emidiametro, qua&longs;i punctum &longs;it, ip &longs;a que adeò
Terra &longs;it veluti punctum, in quo centrum, & &longs;uper
ficies adeò procùl non di&longs;cernantur: Ita dici pote&longs;t
magnum orbem, in cuius &longs;uperficie Terra de&longs;eribit
circulum annuum, adeò exilem fieri, haberive, ex
antedictis, comparatum ad immen&longs;am Fixarum à
Terra di&longs;tantiam, vt linea recta &longs;ecundum Terræ
horizontem ad fixas v&longs;que continüata, in idem
vi&longs;ibile punctum de&longs;inat, in quod de&longs;ineret linea
ip&longs;i parallela traducta per Solem in centro ex&longs;tan
tem; qua&longs;i euane&longs;cente in tanta di&longs;tantia interca
pedine illarum, tamet&longs;i ex&longs;i&longs;tente æquali ip&longs;i &longs;emi
diametro magni orbis; ip&longs;óque adeò magno orbe
habito vt puncto, inter cuius centrum, & circum
ferentiam nullum di&longs;erimen &longs;en&longs;ibile ex loco tam Neque morari debet
tiò,
non videantur debere imper eædem &longs;tellæ e&longs;&longs;e ver
ticales, eiu&longs;demque apparere magnitudinis; &longs;ed
quas habemus quidem, magna&longs;que videmus &longs;upra
verticem, Terra ex&longs;i&longs;tente in Cancro, commuta&longs;&longs;e
debere &longs;itum, appareréque minores Terrâ tran&longs;latâ
in Capricornum; ex quo rur&longs;ùs con&longs;equatur, vt
non debeat &longs;emper nobis e&longs;&longs;e eadem, &longs;ed nunc qui
dem elatior, nunc verò depre&longs;&longs;ior Poli altitudo. Siquidem expo&longs;ita antè axis Terreni continentia in
&longs;ui parelleli&longs;mo id pr&ecedil;&longs;tat, vt quamuis Terra nunc
ad Cancrum accedat, nunc ad Capricornum rece
dat, ii&longs;dem tamen partibus &longs;ui Boream, Au&longs;trumque
re&longs;piciat, ii&longs;dem parteis cœli intermedias; atque
adeò vt linea, quæ à centro Terræ per verticem
no&longs;trum in cælum v&longs;que traducitur, terminetur &longs;em
per ad ea&longs;dem &longs;tellas, &longs;iue vi&longs;ibilia eadem cæli pun
cta. Vi&longs;ibilia dico; nam in cælo quidem pote&longs;t
tantum e&longs;&longs;e di&longs;eriminis, &longs;iue di&longs;tantiæ inter locum
terminantem lineam verticalem, Terra ex&longs;i&longs;tente in
Tropico æ&longs;tiuo magni orbis, & locum terminan
tem eandem, Terra ex&longs;i&longs;tente in Tropico hiberno
eiu&longs;dem, quantùm di&longs;eriminis, &longs;eu di&longs;tantiæ e&longs;t in
ter ip&longs;os Tropicos eiu&longs;dem magni orbis: at cùm
&longs;emidiameter magni orbis, vt mox dicebamus, in
tanta di&longs;tantia &longs;en&longs;ibilis non &longs;it, &longs;ed pro puncto
habeatur; non erit profectò &longs;en&longs;ibilis quoque,
&longs;ed pro puncto habebitur, quæ e&longs;t di&longs;tantia inter
Tropicos æ&longs;tiuum, & hibernum eiu&longs;dem. Ex quo
re amplioris magnitudinis ex Tropico vno, quàm ex
alio; cùm acce&longs;&longs;us, & rece&longs;&longs;us &longs;en&longs;ibilis non &longs;it, &
duæ &longs;tationes non po&longs;&longs;int haberi qua&longs;i di&longs;&longs;itæ, quæ in
eodem qua&longs;i puncto a&longs;&longs;umuntur. Quod ad immuta
tam Poli altitudinem attinet, facit eadem axis con
tinentia, orbi&longs;que magni exilitas, vt inuariata ad &longs;en
&longs;um appareat. Reuoca in mentem duos circulos, quos
dictum e&longs;t ab axe Terræ continüari intellecto de&longs;cri
bi vtrimque in Firmamenti fornice; ip&longs;i, tamet&longs;i æ
quatori orbis magni æquales &longs;int, ob immen&longs;am ta
men di&longs;tantiam, habentur qua&longs;i duo puncta, eáque
de cau&longs;a depictos voluï qua&longs;i terminos ingentis co
lumnæ; quòd cùm &longs;it per&longs;picuum columnæ, aut
iu&longs;cunque
tantò magis decre&longs;cere ad vi&longs;um,
motiùs, ideò liceat concipere tam procùl extendi co
lumnam, cuius cra&longs;&longs;itudo &longs;it magni orbis diameter,
vt eiu&longs;modi cra&longs;&longs;itudo &longs;ensìm, &longs;en&longs;imque extenüata,
& pro pyramide habita in verticem de&longs;inat, qui (æ
qualis licet magni orbis diametro) habeatur à vi&longs;u
pro vnico puncto; idque &longs;eu in boream, vt à nobis
fit, &longs;eu in au&longs;trum, vt ab Antipodibus, &longs;pectetur. Ita
que tales duo circuli, &longs;eu talia duo puncta &longs;unt no
bis duo poli, quorum vnus &longs;emper eandem elatio
nem, alter eandem &longs;emper depre&longs;&longs;ionem &longs;eruat, quòd
tamet&longs;i &longs;patio &longs;ex men&longs;ium tantum mutetur, quanta
e&longs;t diameter magni orbis, mutatio tamen e&longs;t qua&longs;i
puncti, &longs;iue fit in puncto, cuius latera, & à centro, &
inter &longs;e, quod ad &longs;en&longs;um &longs;pectat, non di&longs;tant. Vnde, vt
quin verus qua&longs;i polus habendus &longs;it ip&longs;um centrum
circuli, in quod terminari concipitur axis æquatoris
magni orbis per medium Solem tran&longs;iens; quin pun
ctum terminans axem Terræ di&longs;tet ab eo &longs;emper to
ta &longs;emidiametro, & nunc quidem in vnam partem,
nunc in aliam: &longs;ed negatur tamen quicquid illud e&longs;t,
inducere &longs;pectantibus ob&longs;eruabilem varietatem. Ne
que morari debet
po&longs;&longs;e inter dies, noctei&longs;que inæqualitas, nullaque
proinde æ&longs;tatis, hiemi&longs;que vici&longs;&longs;itudo; qua&longs;i trans
lata per Zodiacum Terra perinde &longs;emper à Sole di
&longs;tet, eodemque modo eandem &longs;emper illi obuertat
&longs;aciem. Siquidem expo&longs;ita axis in paralleli&longs;mo con
tinentia ob&longs;tat, ne ip&longs;e Terræ æquator cum Zodia
co congruat, &longs;iue in eodem plano, & ab&longs;que inter&longs;e
ctione &longs;it, vt contingeret, &longs;i axis Terræ parallelus e&longs;&longs;et
axi Zodiaci, non verò æquatoris; quo &longs;anè ca&longs;u non
foret dierum, noctumque inæqualitas, &longs;ed con&longs;tans
ra in centro quie&longs;cente, Sol ad Tropicos non defle
cteret, &longs;ed in æquatore perpetuò circumduceretur;
vnde neque vllus foret æquator præter Zodiacum,
neque vlli forent poli præter polos Zodiaci, pari
modo concipiendos, quo de cæteris dictum e&longs;t. Cùm
paralieli&longs;mus verò ille e&longs;&longs;iciat, vt æquator Terræ &longs;e
cet continenter Zodiacum, & maneat con&longs;tanter pa
raileius æquatori magni orbis; heinc fit, vt nobis v. g.
qui ad boream &longs;umus, dum Terra in Cancro e&longs;t,
ob&longs;tet gibbus Terræ, ne Solem in centro tam aper-
de ille gibbus nihil nobis ob&longs;tat. Fit quoque proin
de, vt Terra ex&longs;i&longs;tente in Cancro, diem minimum,
hiememque habeamus, & ex&longs;i&longs;tente in Capricorno,
diem maximum, æ&longs;tatemque, & in locis aliis eadem
proportione. Quod per&longs;picuè intelliges, &longs;i quem glo
bulum &longs;upra vulgaris &longs;phæræ Zodiacum reuoluen
dum monuï, notes in boreo aliquo puncto, & ip&longs;um
punctum compares cum Sole in medio Sphæræ de
gere intellecto; idque dum globulum (axe eius &longs;ibi
&longs;emper parallelo detento) in Cancro, in Capricor
no, in partibus aliis Zodiaci reuolueris. Neque mo
rari debet
moueri in ortum; ac &longs;ecundum Eclipticæ longitudi
nem, lento illo motu, ob quem con&longs;tellatio Arietis,
quæ ante bis mille circiter annos ad inter&longs;ectionem
æquinoctialem erat, ab ea rece&longs;&longs;it, di&longs;tatque iam toto
penè &longs;igno, &longs;eu duodecima Zodiaci parte; qua ea
dem ratione rece&longs;&longs;erunt, ac promotæ &longs;unt cæteræ,
omne&longs;que adeò &longs;tellæ fixæ &longs;edibus &longs;uis &longs;unt emotæ,
ac &longs;peciatìm Polaris dicta, quæ manife&longs;tè effecta e&longs;t
longè, quàm olim, polo propinquior. Siquidem &
&longs;tellæ Arietis, & cæteræ omnes nonita apparent mo
ueri, quòd motu &longs;ibi proprio &longs;ecundum &longs;ignorum
&longs;eriem progrediantur ab æquinoctialibus punctis; &longs;ed
quòd æquinoctialia puncta ob Terræ motum, retar
dationemve antè expo&longs;itam, regrediantur contra &longs;i
gnorum &longs;ucce&longs;&longs;ionem. Quemadmodum nempe &longs;eu
Terra moueatur in ortum, &longs;eu Sol moueatur in oc
ca&longs;um, Sol &longs;emper moueri in occa&longs;um nobis apparet,
diantur ab æquinoctiali puncto in con&longs;equentia, &longs;eu
æquinoctiale punctum à &longs;tellis in antecedentia, appa
rent nobis &longs;emper &longs;tellæ ab æquinoctiali puncto in
con&longs;equentia moueri. Quod Copernicus autem &longs;ue
rit opinatus non &longs;tellas reipsâ promoueri, acrecedere,
&longs;ed ip&longs;a æquinoctia anticipare, &longs;eu præcedere; idcir
cô non
noctiorum anticipationem, &longs;eu præce&longs;&longs;ionem appella
uit. Adnotaui porrô, vt Ecliptica immobilis e&longs;t, in
uariato&longs;que polos habet (id arguente ip&longs;a, vt vocant,
&longs;tellarum latitudine, &longs;iue di&longs;tantia ab Ecliptica, quæ
eadem con&longs;tanter manet) ita inter&longs;ectionibus æqua
toris &longs;en&longs;im antecedentibus, polos ip&longs;ius æquatoris
&longs;ensìm antecedere, &longs;iue regrediendo circum polos
Eclipticæire. Polos autem æquatoris voco non
puncta ip&longs;a indiui&longs;ibilia, in quæ terminari concipitur
axis per Solem traductus, &longs;ed oppo&longs;itos etiam illos
circulos, & columnæ veluti ba&longs;eis, quæ non maiora
punctis apparere aliquoties iam repetitum e&longs;t. Scili
cet talia puncta &longs;unt, quæ &longs;ingulis annis non-nihil
transferuntur, & ad alias &longs;tellas accedunt, ab aliis re
cedunt. Neque e&longs;t interim quòd mirere poli altitudi
nem &longs;upra horizontem manere nobis inuariatam:
quoniam vt Terra horizontem cuiu&longs;que regionis &longs;e
cum transfert, ita transfert etiam &longs;uos polòs, cum ea
dem &longs;emper ad eandem regionem habitudine. Ex
quo fit, vt eas cæli parteis, ad quas poli Terræ re&longs;pe
ctant, immotas credamus, quòd Terra immota ap
pareat, ac polos mundi vocitemus, quos affingi-
intereà verò Eclipticæ polos, reuerá immotos, ha
beamus pro mobilibus; neque vocemus polos mun
di, qui reuerá tamen poli mundi &longs;unt, &longs;altem terre
norum re&longs;pectu. Dicerem aliquid de illa Libratione
duplici, ob quam tum motus apparens fixarum nunc
velocior e&longs;&longs;e, nunc &longs;egnior cen&longs;etur; tum latitudo
quoque &longs;iderum, & maximè Solis, nonnihil variari,
idque ctiam non &longs;ine quapiam inæquabilitate, dicitur:
Sed, vt præteream Copernicum explicare vtramque
ex tantilla variatione extremorum axis Telluris, de
&longs;cribentium quandam intortæ, vt appellat, corollæ
&longs;peciem, cuiu&longs;modi repræ&longs;entatur notâ arithmeti
ca 8; Planius e&longs;t, vt quoniam rationes non contem
nendæ habentur, ob quas liceat in dubium ob&longs;erua
tiones vertere, quæ pro vtraque circumferuntur; pla
nius, inquam, e&longs;t, vt in i&longs;tis di&longs;cutiendis non immo
remur. Neque morari
videatur futurus nunc Apogeius, nunc Perigcius,
qua&longs;i nulla ex&longs;i&longs;tente excentricitate, nullove circulo
excentrico, ratione cuius Sol nunc minùs, nunc ma
gis accedat ad Terram. Siquidem con&longs;tat perinde
fore, &longs;i quam Soli excentricitatem, quem excentri
cum tribuunt, ip&longs;i Terræ attribuas, ratione cuius
nunc minùs, nunc magis accedat ad Solem; & Sol
appareat Apogeius, cum Terra erit Aphelia, & Peri
geius, cùm Perihelia. Scilicet has Aphelij, Perihe
liique nuncupationes excogitauit nuper Kepplerus;
qui aliunde docuit illum, quem
annuum circulum, &longs;eu Eclipticam, aut Zodiacum ma-
qui&longs;itum, quàm ellip&longs;in, &longs;eu oualem lineam, quam
Terra de&longs;cribens, idem, quod per excentricum, fa
ciat. Quippe cùm in diametro longiore ellip&longs;eos duo
&longs;int centra (appellant focos) Sol ita erit in eorum
vno, vt cùm Terra feretur ip&longs;i vicina, Perihelia &longs;it, &
Sol Perigeius dicatur; cùm vicina alteri, ip&longs;a &longs;it Aphe
lia, & Sol dicatur Apogeius: quod idem proportio
ne fieri in cæteris Planetis cen&longs;uit. Quin-etiam, vt
diceret cau&longs;am, ob quam motus fiat ellipticâ formâ,
animaduertit, vt in vno magnete &longs;unt duo poli, quo
rum vnus appetit alterum polorum alterius magne
tis, alius eundem refugit; ita e&longs;&longs;e po&longs;&longs;e in Terra, (quæ
&longs;it qua&longs;i magnes, & ad Solem, qua&longs;iad maiorem ma
gnetem comparetur) e&longs;&longs;e, inquam, po&longs;&longs;e parteis ali
quas Solipetas, Solifuga&longs;que, ob quas dum circum
ducitur Soli, nunc ad ip&longs;um magis alliciatur, nunc ab
codem magis auertatur; eaque ratione motu &longs;uo
non circulum, &longs;ed ellip&longs;in de&longs;cribat.
XI.
Vt attingam & cætera, apparent quidem Mer
curius, Venus, Mars, Iupiter, Saturnus, nunc &longs;tare,
nunc retrogredi, nunc directè procedere: &longs;ed quæ
Mediterraneo no&longs;tro viderentur, &longs;i præter nauim, in
qua e&longs;&longs;et, ac moueretur, &longs;orent quoque aliæ, quæ cir
ca
lociùs, aut tardiùs ferrentur; mirum non e&longs;t, idip&longs;um
nobis ex hoc terræ globo apparere, dum collati cum
aliis globis circa cundem Solem immotum circum
ducimur. Quin-etiam tantum abe&longs;t, vt ex ob&longs;eruatis
hi&longs;ce affectionibus, apparente, inquam, &longs;tatione, re-
colligatur ad &longs;tabiliendum Terræ quietem, vt po
tiùs non &longs;it argumentum magis con&longs;entaneum, quo
motus illi a&longs;&longs;eratur. Quæ&longs;o te enim quidnam po&longs;&longs;it
e&longs;&longs;e probabilius, quàm magna i&longs;ta corpora, globos, in
quam, Planetarum, vno tenore incedere, & &longs;uam &longs;em
per viam, &longs;eu pror&longs;ùm, antror&longs;umveire? Ibunt porrô,
&longs;i Terra quidem inter ip&longs;os media incedat, ac di
recta e&longs;&longs;e nunquam de&longs;inat: & quòd interdum &longs;ta
tionarij, retrogradique appareant, continget appa
ritio ex commi&longs;tione motus ip&longs;ius. Explicant hæc vul
gò per Epicyclos, quorum centra circa Terram vno
tenore &longs;ic ferantur; vt Planetæ interìm in &longs;uperfi
ciebus Epicyclorum moti, ad &longs;uperiores quidem
parteis directi &longs;int, ad inferiores retrogradi, & in
medio de&longs;cen&longs;u, a&longs;cen&longs;uque, &longs;tationarij. At quan
tum quæ&longs;o compendium, vt vnica Terra vnico ince&longs;
&longs;u Epicyclos omneis faciat &longs;uperuacaneos, Planetas
illis eximat, alteróque motu ab&longs;oluat? Et de duobus
quidem Soli proximis, Mercurio, nempe, ac Venere,
vt primùm dicam; Quid e&longs;t, cur Epicyclos fingant,
quorum centra contineantur inuariabiliter in linea à
Terra in Solem directa? Cur Planetarum remotio
rum epicycli liberi &longs;unt; epicycli i&longs;torum duorum ad
Solem ita illigati? Cur &longs;altem non e&longs;t alter duorum
liber? Cur neuter horum Planetarum ad &longs;extilem
v&longs;que a&longs;pectum heinc inde à Sole di&longs;cedit, &longs;ed cùm
vix &longs;igno, aut &longs;e&longs;qui-&longs;igno &longs;epo&longs;itus e&longs;t, ip&longs;um repetit,
&longs;eu retrogradus ab ortu, &longs;eu directus ab occa&longs;u? Cur
non proinde in&longs;tar aliorum motibus &longs;uis nos circum-
Sol ex vna parte &longs;it, illi ex aduer&longs;a? Sed nempe ita
fieri, ac apparere nece&longs;&longs;um e&longs;t, cùm remotiore ex&longs;i
&longs;tente Terra, illos ex ip&longs;a ob&longs;eruamus circumeunteis
Solem. Non pote&longs;t enim Sol non haberi, e&longs;&longs;éque cen
trum motus vtriu&longs;que, aut vtriu&longs;que circulus non e&longs;
&longs;e Soli illigatus. Non pote&longs;t vterque non videri dire
ctus, cùm vltra Solem peragit iter; non retrogradus,
cùm citrà; non &longs;tationarius, cum in medio de&longs;cen&longs;u
accedit, aut in medio a&longs;cen&longs;u recedit, qua&longs;i per re
ctam lineam; eo modo, quo viator, qui nos procùl
antegreditur, vel nobis occurrit &longs;ecundum rectam
viam, non apparet moueri; cùm appareat tamen, &longs;i
eodem pa&longs;&longs;u tran&longs;uersùm eat. Non pote&longs;t Sol, tan
quam centrum circuli vtriu&longs;que non apparere conti
nuò moueri per Zodiacum, iuxta &longs;ignorum &longs;eriem,
quoniam Terra promouetur in parteis oppo&longs;itas; ne
que pote&longs;t vtervis &longs;eparari longè à Sole, quia circui
tum &longs;uum limitatum tam heinc, quàm inde, tam &longs;ur
&longs;um, quàm deor&longs;um habet. Denique neuter pote&longs;t
nos ambire, habereve Terram &longs;e inter, ac Solem in
terpo&longs;itam; quoniam Terra e&longs;t extra ambitum v
triu&longs;que, & vtrumque &longs;emper ad eandem partem, qua
Solem, habet. Ferri porrô vtrumque Sidus &longs;upra, &
infra Solem, non verò in Epicyclo nos inter, & Solem
contento, memoratæque lineæ alligato, tum ob&longs;er
uata ne&longs;tra conuincunt, ac præ&longs;ertìm circa Mercu
rium; tum præ&longs;ertìm de Venere manife&longs;tæ eius Te
lo&longs;copio pha&longs;es. Nempe quòd appareat corniculata,
cum retrograda e&longs;t; plena, cùm directa; id haud-du-
niculata apparet, qua&longs;i parte re&longs;idua illuminata in
Solem &longs;pectante; vltra Solem verò, dum plena,
qua&longs;i parte illuminata &longs;pectante tam Solem, quàm
nos: Ne memorem, dum e&longs;t corniculata, videri
tam magnam, dum plena tam paruam; quòd illeic
maximè propinqua, heic di&longs;&longs;ita maximè &longs;it (h.e. tantundem &longs;exies) po&longs;&longs;it que illeic vnâ particulâ ma
jor videri, quàm heic totâ. Deinde, vt de tribus
quoque remotioribus, Marte, Ioue, Saturno dica
mus, Quid e&longs;t, cur nunquam retrogradi appareant,
ni&longs;i cùm Terram habent interpo&longs;itam inter &longs;e, & So
lem? aut cur &longs;emper retrogradi, cùm habent inter
po&longs;itam? Cur epicyclus Martis major e&longs;t, quàm
epicyclus Iouis, & i&longs;te major, quàm epicyclus
Saturni? Cur planetæ tantum accipiunt magnitu
dinis incrementum, vt Mars, qui aliàs &longs;tellula e&longs;t,
Veneri interdum, aut Ioui magnitudine non conce
dat? Cur Mars adeò velocior per excentricum, quàm
Iupiter, &longs;it per epicyclum adeò &longs;egnior, eademque
proportione Iupiter, quàm Saturnus? atque ita de
cæteris. Sed nempe ita &longs;ieri, ac apparere nece&longs;&longs;um
e&longs;t, Terra inter Solem, & eos incedente. Nam
quamuis tam Terra, quàm ip&longs;i eandem &longs;emper
viam, & &longs;uo vnu&longs;qui&longs;que tenore procedant; effici
tur tamen, vt quia Terra velociùs, quàm illi mo
uetur; efficitur, inquam, vt dum procul adueniens,
e&longs;t prope ip&longs;os tran&longs;itura, &longs;eu &longs;e&longs;e ip&longs;is, ac Soli in
terpo&longs;itura, appareant illi jam lentiùs incedere, quàm
anteà; & cùm rectà qua&longs;i accedit, appareant qua-
niam ip&longs;a velocius pergens, illos à tergo &longs;ensim
facit; adeò vt retrogre&longs;&longs;io maxima appareat, cùm
proxima e&longs;t, illo&longs;que è regione habet; ac po&longs;teà
appareat paulatìm decre&longs;cere, quov&longs;que, dum di&longs;
cedit ab ip&longs;is &longs;ecundum rectam qua&longs;i lineam, vi
dentur rur&longs;ùm qua&longs;i &longs;tare. Po&longs;t &longs;ecundam autem
&longs;tationem apparent, vt priùs, directè, & magis,
magi&longs;que velociter incedere; quia deinceps Terra,
vt vltra Solem tran&longs;itura, ob&longs;eruat illos progredien
teis iuxta &longs;ignorum &longs;eriem; qui in &longs;itu oppo&longs;ito vi
debantur contra eandem &longs;eriem ire. Heinc ergo e&longs;t,
quare non po&longs;&longs;int apparere retrogradi, ni&longs;i in op
po&longs;itione cum Sole, &longs;iue Terra ex&longs;i&longs;tente interpo
&longs;ita; neque non po&longs;&longs;int non apparere, ob velocio
tem Terræ motum. Heinc, quare epicyclus Martis
videatur major epicyclo Iouis; quia videlicet ob
majorem illius propinquitatem, retrogradatio in ip
&longs;o apparere propiùs incipit, & de&longs;init longiùs. Heinc,
quare tunc Mars adeò magnus appareat, qui aliàs
adeò paruus e&longs;t; &longs;cilicet quià Terra e&longs;t illi tam pro
pè, quæ aliàs tam procùl incedit; octo, vt putà, vi
cibus remotiùs. Heinc quare Mars, non-ni&longs;i bien
nio &longs;emel retrogradus &longs;it; quippe quia, Terra non in
cedens, ni&longs;i duplò velociùs, non pote&longs;t illum a&longs;&longs;e
qui, ni&longs;i duplò temporis, quo periodum ip&longs;a ab
&longs;oluit. Quare Iupiter quotannis percurrat, retrogra
du&longs;que efficiatur, idque vno &longs;olùm men&longs;e tardiùs;
quia Terra nempe velocior e&longs;t duodecuplò, illum
que &longs;emel relictum a&longs;&longs;equitur &longs;emper decimo tertio Quare Saturnus etiam quotannis efficiatur
retrogradus, idque vix tardiùs dimidio men&longs;is,
quia nimirùm Terra velocior trigecuplò e&longs;t, & ab
eo digre&longs;&longs;a illum rur&longs;ùs a&longs;&longs;equitur duodecimo men
&longs;e, & vix &longs;emi&longs;&longs;e prætereà. Ex quibus profectò mi
rabile &longs;it, ni&longs;i cùm omnia ita con&longs;entiant, & omnia,
quæ apparent, adeò facilè, &longs;impliciterque ex vna
Terræ circunductione inter Martem, ac Venerem in
telligantur, explicenturque; neque &longs;it opus tot ma
chinis, tot ambagibus, tot commentis ab&longs;que or
dine, & veri&longs;imilitudine introductis; ni&longs;i, inquam Ter
ra id loci moueatur. Et con&longs;idera, quæ&longs;o, cur Lu
na nobis nunquam appareat nec &longs;tare, nec retro
gredi; ni&longs;i quia ip&longs;a &longs;emper circumducitur nobis,
qua&longs;i in centro illius con&longs;titutis? Cur nunquam Sol:
ni&longs;i quia nos &longs;emper ip&longs;i circumducimur, tanquam
in centro ex&longs;i&longs;tenti? Quam-obrem verò non eadem
euenirent aliis quinque, &longs;i vel nos ip&longs;is centrum e&longs;
&longs;emus, vel ip&longs;i nobis; & non potiùs mixtìm iremus,
circumduceremurque circa eundem Solem, vt circa
idem centrum? Tycho certè, qui Terram in centro
immotam detinuit, ita ip&longs;i Lunam, Solem que cir
cumduxit, vt coactus fuerit circumducere Soli quin
que alios; tamet&longs;i mira, vt videtur, inconcinuitate
volüerit Solem dietìm circumeuntem Terram, trans
&longs;erre illos omneis &longs;ecum, obeunteis intereà motus
proprios; neque potuerit fingere, quomodo ille in
terea corriperetur à Firmamento, mobilive primo;
quomodo item Luna (vt præter motum men&longs;
dietim quoque Terram obeat) idque &longs;patiis liberri-
que incommoda planè tolluntur, &longs;i Solem, ac Ter
ram expo&longs;ito modo tran&longs;po&longs;uerimus. Et con&longs;idera
aliunde pulcram &longs;eriem. Nam quo modo nos ha
bemus &longs;emper ver&longs;us Solem, & nunquam in oppo
&longs;itione, Mercurium, ac Venerem; ita Mars prætereà
habet Terram, Iupiter Martem, Saturnus Iouem. Ac vici&longs;&longs;im quemadmodum Terra habet circum
danteis, & aliquando in oppo&longs;itione ex&longs;i&longs;tenteis,
Martem, Iouem, Saturnum; ita Venus habet præ
tereà Terram, & Mercurius Venerem. Ex quo pro
inde efficitur, vt Sol videatur omninò congruè col
locari in omnium medio; vnde omnibus lucem, ca
loremque di&longs;pen&longs;et; vnde qua&longs;i Gubernator clauum
teneat, qua&longs;i princeps moderetur, & &longs;imilia. Haud
abs re &longs;anè in centro ex&longs;i&longs;tens deprehenditur vno
propè men&longs;e circa proprium axem reuolui; veluti
arguunt Maculæ, quas in eius di&longs;co prompti&longs;&longs;imum
e&longs;t ob&longs;eruare. Quippe hac &longs;ui reuolutione, emi&longs;
&longs;i&longs;que circùm radiis, qua&longs;i quibu&longs;dam virgulis, Pla
netas omneis non reluctanteis, aut etiam propen&longs;os
veiuti abigere, circumagereque videtur; & propin
quiores quidem vehementiùs, ac citiùssremotiores
verò languidiùs, ac tar diùs; prout radij fuerint ma
gis conferti, aut magis rari. Quo &longs;anè loco mirabi
le e&longs;t, &longs;emitas Macularum, ex&longs;i&longs;tente Sole in æquino
ctialibus punctis, qua&longs;i rectas lineas in di&longs;co illius
de&longs;cribi; in cæteris, ac poti&longs;&longs;imùm in Tropicis, cur
uas: Neque id po&longs;&longs;e commodiùs &longs;aluari, quàm ex
eo, quòd Sole &longs;uper ei&longs;dem &longs;uis, Ec Iipticæve Po-
&longs;e illi ita &longs;i&longs;tat, nunc qua&longs;i ad dextram, &longs;ini&longs;tramve
in æquinoctiis; nunc qua&longs;i &longs;ur&longs;ùm, deor&longs;ùmve in
&longs;ol&longs;titiis, vt propter expo&longs;itam axis &longs;ui continen
tiam, Maculas videat non vno modo per di&longs;cum
Solis procedenteis; &longs;ed cum varietate rectitudinis,
curuitati&longs;que memorata.
XII.
Ita demon&longs;trat Galileus, cui illud prætereà
debetur, quòd ex a&longs;&longs;ignatis Terræ motibus, ita
Maris æ&longs;tum expo&longs;uerit, vt videatur denique cau
&longs;am eius germanam adinueni&longs;&longs;e. Nimirùm, quod
naniculæ aquâ &longs;emiplenæ, dum placido Mari, aut
lacu transfertur, contingit; idip&longs;um Terræ aquas
marinas in &longs;uis cauitatibus continenti, &longs;i per pla
cidum æthera transferatur, eueniet. Vt enim, &longs;i
nauicula æquabiliter moueatur, aqua contenta
æquabiliter manet; &, &longs;i moueatur tantillùm ra
pidiùs, aqua ex prora refugit in puppim, eleuatàque
veluti hæret, donec rapiditate non-nihil remi&longs;&longs;a, pro
prio pondere recurrat in proram, refugitura iterùm
proprio pondere, &longs;iue æquabilis &longs;it motus, &longs;iue tar
dior, &longs;iue nullus; & recur&longs;ura iterùm proprio pon
dere, &longs;i vel nihil, vel parùm augeatur velocitas, ac
refugitura, vt priùs, &longs;i vt priùs velocitas, &longs;eu rapi
ditas auge&longs;cat: ita e&longs;t nece&longs;&longs;e accidat in Terra, Ma
rique in eius cauitatibus contento, neque parteis
&longs;olidiores, ob fluxilitatem, perinde con&longs;equi idoneo. Nam &longs;i Terra quidem, aut pars eius, in qua Mare e&longs;t,
æquabiliter moueretur, nulla e&longs;&longs;et ratio, cur Mare
reciprocationem &longs;ubiret: at nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t &longs;ubeat, qua-
aut va&longs;e e&longs;t, inæquabiliter mouetur. Ac non e&longs;t
quidem motus diurnus ex &longs;e&longs;e inæquabilis; non item
motus annuus, non axis continentia; verùm ex his
mi&longs;tis creatur quædam inæquabilitas, quæ & gemi
natas reciprocationes in &longs;ingulos dies pariat, & illas
per &longs;ol&longs;titia, atque æquinoctia vehementiores faciat;
& (admi&longs;to aliunde motu Lunæ) etiam in nouiluniis,
plenilunii&longs;que intendat. Imprimis enim, cùm pars
Terræ, quæ, ex. gr.
continet Mare Mediterraneum,
feratur continuò in ortum motu annuo, & triplò
quidem velociùs, quàm reuolutione diurna; ac reuo
lutione diurna non pergat continuò in ortum, &longs;ed
dimidium quidem circuïtus in ortum ab&longs;oluat, di
midium verò in occa&longs;um redeundo con&longs;umat; effi
citur, vt vtróque motu ver&longs;us ortum con&longs;pirante,
locus maris Mediterranei feratur velociùs per &longs;pa
tia mundana, quàm dum referente diurno in occa
&longs;um, &longs;olus annuus &longs;upere&longs;t in ortum. Id fit, quem
admodum dicebam de pila, quæ tamet&longs;i pari vtrim
que vimanus moueatur à puppi in proram, & à pro
ra in puppim; velociùs tamen mouetur à puppi in
proram, propter ip&longs;am nauis &longs;uperad ditam vim. Ita
que, dum Mediterraneum incipit die quodam mo
tu geminato, ac proinde velociore moueri in ortum,
nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t aqua ex Syria ver&longs;us Gadeis, qua&longs;i refu
giat, & ad oram Syriæ fiat non-nihil depre&longs;&longs;ior, ad
oram Hi&longs;paniæ non-nihil elatior, quov&longs;que in me
dio geminati motus velocitas incipiat remitti, & aqua
ex ora Hi&longs;paniæ pondere proprio refluat, ac ver&longs;us
ortum vnico, atque adeò tardiùs moueri, nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t
aqua ad oram Syriæ eleuata ver&longs;us oram Hi&longs;paniæ
iterum refugiat, quov&longs;que ex medio huius tardioris
motus iterum recurrat ex ora Hi&longs;paniæ ver&longs;us oram
Syriæ; &longs;icque, die, iam alio iterùm, vt priùs, refu
giat, reciprocationemque perpetuam tueatur; vt &longs;i
plumbum pendulum à perpendiculo elatum excur
rere &longs;inas, & &longs;ecundo quoque recur&longs;u vim nouam
illi imprimas. Atque ad oram quidem Syriæ rece&longs;&longs;us
& acce&longs;&longs;us aquæ notabilis admodùm e&longs;t: ad oram ve
rò Hi&longs;paniæ minùs, propter allabentem ex Oceano
aquam per fretum Herculeum. Ad lateraleis oras
quod &longs;pectat, eiu&longs;cemodi reciprocationes &longs;unt mi
nùs &longs;en&longs;ibiles, eodem modo, quo in nauicula, aut
quolibet va&longs;e commota aqua deprehenditur ad par
teis motus oppo&longs;itas attolli, atque deprimi; &longs;ub me
dium verò aut &longs;olùm excurrere, & recurrere, aut
etiam veluti con&longs;tare. Et patet id certè in &longs;inu Ha
driatico, in cuius extremo, Venetiis nempe, reci
procatio per elationem, depre&longs;&longs;ionemque e&longs;t adeò
&longs;en&longs;ibilis; in medio verò &longs;eu ad Anconam, &longs;ecùs: Et
circa no&longs;tram &longs;pecialem oram, cùm ip&longs;e forem &longs;upe
riore Septembri, & &longs;ub nouilunium quidem æqui
noctiale, San-torpeti, vix ad v&longs;que &longs;e&longs;qui pedem at
tolli, deprimique Mare ob&longs;eruaui. Accepi autem in
exemplum mare longiu&longs;culum, & ab occa&longs;u in or
tum &longs;itum; quoniam qui &longs;inus angu&longs;ti &longs;unt, vel
&longs;iti ab au&longs;tro in boream, ij adipi&longs;ci &longs;en&longs;ibilem reci
procationem non po&longs;&longs;unt; vt neque lacus, atque &longs;ta-
aut depre&longs;&longs;io &longs;eu continuari, &longs;eu ob&longs;eruari valeat. Ex quo patet, cur in Oceano, vbitanta libertas e&longs;t,
reciprocationes &longs;int adeò in&longs;ignes: in&longs;ignes, inquam,
non in alto, vbi quod dicebam de aqua circa me
dium va&longs;is, contingit; &longs;ed ad ip&longs;a littora, in quibus
quæcumque attendi varietas pote&longs;t, ad locorum &longs;i
tum referenda e&longs;t; cùm aliunde mirabile &longs;it, reci
procationes e&longs;&longs;e in &longs;ingulos dies vbiuis gentium ge
minas, vt geminæ &longs;unt in motu Terræ ex velocitate
in tarditatem, & ex tarditate in velocitatem redeun
tes inæqualitates: tamet&longs;i aqua pro &longs;uo lentore non
con&longs;equitur precisè inæqualitatum periodos, &longs;ed re
ciprocationes &longs;ingulas ab&longs;oluit horæ propè dimidio
(& geminatas in &longs;ingulos dies horâ propè integrâ)
tardiùs. Atque hæc quidem videri pote&longs;t generalis
æ&longs;tus, &longs;iue reciprocationis in &longs;ingulos dies gemina
tæ cau&longs;a. Reuolue porrô globulum, de quo antè
dixi, &longs;upra Zodiacum materialis, ac vulgaris &longs;phæræ
in tropico alterutro, ita vt, dum centrum Terræ gra
du integro promouetur, intelligas punctum æqua
toris globuli initio reuolutionis e&longs;&longs;e in principio
gradus, & in fine reuolutionis e&longs;&longs;e in fine eiu&longs;dem
gradus. Reuolue deinde in alterutra æquinoctialis
inter&longs;ectione, ita vt idem globuli punctum in prin
cipio, ac fine reuolutionis pari modo in principio, ac
fine eiu&longs;dem gradus intelligas: ob&longs;eruabis &longs;anè, quia
æquator globuli ob expo&longs;itam axis continentiam
e&longs;t &longs;emper parallelus æquatori &longs;phæræ, illud eius
punctum magis promoueri ad ortum &longs;upra Tropi-
gradus &longs;upra Tropicum e&longs;t veluti directè jacens ab
occa&longs;u in ortum; &longs;upra æquinoctialem verò obliquè
&longs;e habet. Ex hoc autem fit, vt &longs;pecialis quædam inæ
qualitas reuolutioni diurnæ contingat tam in &longs;ol&longs;ti
tialibus, quàm in æquinoctialibus locis; ob quam
diurnæ illæ reciprocationes alterationem &longs;ubeant,
dum in ip&longs;is Terra ver&longs;atur; neque tam vehementeis
&longs;ubeant in locis intermediis, vbi eiu&longs;modi inæquali
tas aut minor e&longs;t, aut euane&longs;cit. Atque hæc aliunde
videri pote&longs;t cau&longs;a, cur æ&longs;tus vehementior &longs;it &longs;ub
&longs;ol&longs;titiis, æquinoctii&longs;que, quàm temporibus cæ
teris: cùm etiam, quia motus diurnus aduer&longs;atur
magis motui annuo ad Æquinoctialem, quàm ad
Tropicum (quòd vterque motus Terra ex&longs;i&longs;tente in
Tropico con&longs;piret directè in ortum, ex&longs;i&longs;tente verò
in Æquinoctiali alius ad alium obliquus &longs;it) inde fieri
po&longs;&longs;e videatur, cur æquinoctiales reciprocationes
&longs;int &longs;ol&longs;titialibus æ&longs;tuo&longs;iores. Denique imaginare
Lunam e&longs;&longs;e Terræ qua&longs;i illigatam, vnáque delatam; &
orbem magnum, per quem Terra motu annuo ince
dit, comprehendere non tantum iter ip&longs;ius medium,
&longs;ed totum etiam &longs;patium heinc inde ver&longs;us Martem,
ac Venerem, cuius extrema à Luna Terram motu
men&longs;truo circumambiente attinguntur. Imaginare
rurstìs vim, qua Sol tam Terram, quam Lunam mo
uet, explicari per radium, &longs;eu qua&longs;i virgulam, chordu
lamve à Sole proten&longs;am: concipies &longs;anè hanc chor
dulam longiorem e&longs;&longs;e cùm Luna e&longs;t in oppo&longs;itione,
vltra nempe Terram, quàm dum in coniunctione e&longs;t, Cæterùm, vt plumbum chordulæ
a pen&longs;um, & po&longs;t abductionem à perpendiculo li
bertati &longs;uæ permi&longs;&longs;um, tantò vibratur celeriùs, quan
to chordula fuerit breuior, tantò tardiùs, quantò
productior; ita pote&longs;t contingere, vt motus Terræ
annuus, qui æquabilis ex &longs;e foret, efficiatur in coniun
ctione, &longs;eu nouilunio velocior, in oppo&longs;itione, &longs;eu
plenilunio tardior: &longs;icque bis in men&longs;e eueniat &longs;pe
cialis inæqualitas, ob quam rur&longs;ùs diurnæ illæ reci
procationes alterationem quandam patiantur. At
que hæc pote&longs;t videri cau&longs;a, cur in &longs;ingulis plenilu
niis, atque nouiluniis vehementiores æ&longs;tus &longs;int: cùm
iidem po&longs;&longs;int per plenilunia, atque nouilunia &longs;ol&longs;ti
tiis, æquinoctii&longs;que vicina (&longs;ed æquinoctiis præ&longs;er
tìm) e&longs;&longs;e vehementi&longs;&longs;imi, ob &longs;uperiorem cau&longs;am ad
iunctam. Hæc porrô &longs;umma e&longs;t ratiocinij circa maris
æ&longs;tum, quem proinde vt comprobare ip&longs;e motus
Terræ videtur; ita ip&longs;emet motum Terræ videtur
pror&longs;ùs ad&longs;truere; adeò vt alter alteri non malè fi
dem conciliet, vt relatorum proprium e&longs;t, ac &longs;peciali
ter cau&longs;æ, & effectus. Quinetiam hoc vnum videtur
experimentum &longs;en&longs;ibile Copernicanis &longs;ub&longs;idio e&longs;&longs;e;
cùm aliàs motus generalis, quo Terra oculum vnà
transfert, inob&longs;eruabilis &longs;it. Finge nempe nauiculam,
de qua paulò antè dicebam, non mari, aut lacui inna
tare, &longs;ed e&longs;&longs;e intra maiorem nauim, ip&longs;ique &longs;eu clauis,
&longs;eu alia ratione defixam, vt eius partem cohærere; ac
hominem Mediterraneum ad aquam attendere.
&longs;i aqua quidem intra nauiculam quie&longs;cat, nullum
planè erit argmentum, quo ille moueri nauim iudicet, At, &longs;i aquam illam à prora in puppim effluere, & rur
&longs;ùs ex puppi in proram refluere adnotauerit; tunc
eius motus cau&longs;am inquirens, agno&longs;cet ip&longs;um e&longs;&longs;e
non po&longs;&longs;e, ni&longs;i aut extrin&longs;ecùs corpus aliquod in im
motam nauim impingatur, ip&longs;amve alia ratione &longs;ub
agitando commoueat, & contentam aquam effluere,
ac refluere faciat; aut ip&longs;a certè nauis per mare mo
ueatur, & cum inæquabilitate quidem aliqua, quæ
eiu&longs;dem effluxus, & refluxus &longs;it cau&longs;a. Et quia &longs;i extra
nauim circum&longs;pexerit, nullum extrin&longs;ecùs ob&longs;erua
bit corpus, quod in nauim impingatur, aut illam &longs;ub
agitet; ideò erit, cur colligat, moueri nauim igitur, &
cum nonnulla quidem inæquabilitate. Pari autem
modo, cùm nos in eadem Terræ qua&longs;i naui vehamur,
vnà cum &longs;inubus, cauitatibu&longs;que, qua&longs;i nauigiolis, in
quibus marina aqua continetur; & ob&longs;eruantes hu
iu&longs;modi aquam continuò effluere, ac refluere, argu
mentemur hunc effluxum, refluxumque e&longs;&longs;e aut à
cau&longs;a externa, quæ Terram in æthere medio con&longs;i
&longs;tentem commoueat, ac &longs;ubagitet; aut ab ip&longs;amet
Terra, quæ per ætherem, cum inæquabilitate aliqua
moueatur: nec videamus tamen, vbi oculos circum
quáque coniocerimus, vllam e&longs;&longs;e cau&longs;am externam,
quæ impingatur, &longs;ubagitetve; Quidni colligere po&longs;
&longs;imus cau&longs;am e&longs;&longs;e ip&longs;ammet Terram, quatenus pote&longs;t
per ætherem, & cum aliqua quidem (vt putà iam ex
po&longs;ita) inæquabilitate moueri?
XIII.
Verùm his tandem modus e&longs;to: quandò ag
gre&longs;&longs;us dicere &longs;olùm de imbecillitate eius argumenti,
petere exmotu rerum proiectilium, eò &longs;ensìm dedu
ctus &longs;um, vt videri po&longs;&longs;im præcipuas circa problema
celebre attigi&longs;&longs;e difficultates. Non exigis, vt repetam
feci&longs;&longs;e me id, non vt Telluri a&longs;&longs;ererem motum, &longs;ed vt
veritatis amore, innuerem quietem ip&longs;ius firmiore ra
tione e&longs;&longs;e &longs;tabiliendam: ne exige etiam, vt qua&longs;i me
putes aliquam habere eiufcemodi, ip&longs;am tecum
communicem; quippe &longs;i haberem, facerem iam
&longs;ponte. Et non pauci quidem hactenùs non paucas,
no&longs;terque imprimis Morinus, magnâ &longs;olertiâ excogi
târunt: &longs;ed, me tamen quod attinet, hærere aquam
&longs;emper video, ac in eo proinde &longs;um, vt placitum illud
reuerear, quo Cardinales aliquot approba&longs;&longs;e Terræ
quietem dicuntur. Etenim licet Copernicani tuean
tur loca &longs;acræ Scripturæ, quæ Terræ &longs;tatum, &longs;iue
quietem, & Soli motum tribuunt, Vel explicanda e&longs;&longs;e
de ip&longs;a, vt loquuntur, apparentia, déque accommo
datione ad captum, moremque loquendi vulgarem;
qua&longs;i Scriptura non loquatur de rebus, ni&longs;i vt appa
rent, & vulgò cogno&longs;cuntur, exprimunturque (ex
quo tam &longs;æpe ad alium &longs;en&longs;um, quàm ad literalem
confugiendum e&longs;t) & pro &longs;copo habeat non erudi
tionem in Phy&longs;icis, Mathematicis, cæteri&longs;que id ge
nus rebus; &longs;ed in&longs;titutionem ad gratiam, &longs;upernatu
ralemque &longs;alutem; ex quo, vt &longs;ua &longs;alus omnium in
tere&longs;t, &longs;ic v&longs;urpandus &longs;ermo fuerit omnium captui ac
commodatus: Vel intelligenda e&longs;&longs;e de con&longs;i&longs;tentia,
&, vt ita loquar, indi&longs;&longs;ipabilitate partium, quæ non
excedunt à tota Terra, locúmque duntaxat, aut for-
variè &longs;igillatæ, ab ea non excedunt, &longs;ed po&longs;itum &longs;o
lum, figuramque variant, ac dum figuratio vna præte
rit, alia aduenit, ma&longs;&longs;a interim ip&longs;a &longs;emper &longs;tat, &longs;eu
per&longs;euerat eadem, cæteraque &longs;imilia: Nihilominùs,
quòd ea loca &longs;ecùs explicentur à viris, quorum, vt
con&longs;tat, tanta e&longs;t in Eccle&longs;ia auctoritas; eapropter ip&longs;e
ab illis &longs;to, & hac occa&longs;ione facere captiuum intelle
ctum non erube&longs;co. Non quòd proptereà exi&longs;timem
articulum fidei e&longs;&longs;e; neque enim (quod &longs;ciam qui
dem) id a&longs;&longs;ertum ab illis e&longs;t, aut apud vniuer&longs;am Ec
cle&longs;iam promulgatum, atque receptum: &longs;ed quòd il
lorum iudicium habendum præiudicium &longs;it, quod
non po&longs;&longs;it apud Fideleis non maximi e&longs;&longs;e momenti. Quod &longs;upere&longs;t, Tu nihil morare, &longs;ed excu&longs;atam po
tiùs habe prolixitatem hanc meam tantam; ratus vo
lui&longs;&longs;e me nihil aliud, quàm dum tuæ erga me beneuo
lentiæ memor &longs;um, meam erga te ob&longs;eruantiam
facere te&longs;tatam. Saluto &longs;emper optimum Fratrem,
con&longs;e&longs;&longs;umque per-eruditum. Vale.
Aquis Sextiis,
111. Eid. Decemb.
cIo.
Ioc.
XL.
QVOD tua, & aliorum amicorum vota i&longs;tæc con
&longs;cribens præuenerim, e&longs;t cur maximoperè gau
deam; tamet&longs;i nihil, quod dignum &longs;it ex&longs;pectatione,
præ&longs;titum &longs;entio. Quòd autem, cùm Epi&longs;tolam &longs;u
periorem pellegeretis, id quæ&longs;tionis incideric, de qua
me rogatum volui&longs;tis,
na moueatur, &longs;uumque &longs;itum repetat?
pauca hæc &longs;ubiicio. Habe primùm in æquilibrio &longs;u
pra digitum læuæ manus bacillum aliquem tran&longs;uer
&longs;um: adige deorsùm ictu dextræ manus eius extre
mum, quod ad dextram; videbis extremum &longs;ini&longs;trum
&longs;ursùm adigi, ob re&longs;i&longs;tentiam digiti, & continuïta
tem, compactionemque bacilli. Occurrat extremo
&longs;ini&longs;tro fixum aliquid (vt &longs;i digitus fuerit ad &longs;uperex
&longs;tans quidpiam admotus) tum id extremum reflecte
tur deor&longs;ùm, & aliud, quod tu percu&longs;&longs;eris, &longs;ur&longs;ùm. Cùm duplex ibi motus &longs;it, vnus directus deor&longs;ùm ad
dextram, &longs;ursùm ad læuam; & alius reflexus deorsùm
ad læuam, &longs;ursùm ad dextram: quænam vtriu&longs;que
cau&longs;a e&longs;t? Nempe vnicus manus tuæ ictus; vt vnicus
ictus reticuli e&longs;t, quo adacta pila in parietem tendit, &
à pariete re&longs;ilit. Contine deinde bacillum, vnumve il
lius extremum, putà inferius, &longs;ini&longs;tro pugno: tum, &longs;i
manu dextra impre&longs;&longs;eris ictum &longs;uperiori ver&longs;us &longs;ini
&longs;træ poliicem, per&longs;enties inferius impingi in oppo&longs;i
tam in&longs;eriorem &longs;ini&longs;træ, partem, ac &longs;imul per&longs;enties
reflexionem fieri tum inferioris extremi in apicem
auricularis, tum &longs;uperioris in radicem indicis. Quid
reflexionem hanc faciet? An-non impre&longs;&longs;us à dextra
ictus, & re&longs;i&longs;tentia cùm pollicis, tum inferioris manus
partis? Agno&longs;ces ex his, procul dubio, quid ad quæ
&longs;tionem dicturus &longs;im. Scilicet deflexo altero extre
mo rei flexilis, debet alterum ob parem rationem
contineri fit mum, debentque e&longs;&longs;e in continente par
lam hypomoclium, hanc onus, vt & rem ip&longs;am flexi
lem, vectem.) Neque ob&longs;tat, quòd in allato bacilli
exemplo ictus imprimatur, heic deflexionis tenor &longs;it;
&longs;iquidem hic tenor nihil aliud e&longs;t, quàm &longs;eries quæ
dam continua ictuum, quorum vltimus ille e&longs;t, ad
quem immediatè &longs;equitur reflexio. Neque ob&longs;tat
rur&longs;us, quòd bacillus rigidus &longs;it, cùm de re flexili aga
tur; nam in flexili quoque re debet e&longs;&longs;e rigiditas, non
omnimoda quidem, &longs;ed aliqua tamen; hoc e&longs;t com
pactio, & firinitudo, quæ quò fuerit maior, eò &longs;it ve
hementior futura reflexio; cùm &, &longs;i nulla fuerit, nul
la &longs;it reflexio futura. Quòd &longs;i plærúmque plures re
flexiones, &longs;eu itus, reditu&longs;que fiant; cau&longs;a manife&longs;ta
videtur, quòd ad parteis continentis oppo&longs;itas, oppo
&longs;ita qua&longs;i hypomoclia, & onera fiant, quæ vices per
mutent; vt vices permutant duo parietes oppo&longs;iti, in
quorum vnum pilam ita adigis, vt ex illo repercutia
tur in alium, à quo pari modo in priorem re&longs;iliat. Addo in re deflexa tam &longs;ecundum concauam, quàm
&longs;ecundum convexam partem fieri continüam quan
dam &longs;eriem hypomocliorum, & onerum, à quibus
compre&longs;&longs;io, & repre&longs;&longs;io fiat. Addo eandem rem &longs;e
cundum partem concauam variè corrugari, &longs;ecun
dum convexam variè hi&longs;cere; & ad illam particulas
qua&longs;dam &longs;uperficialeis adigi introrsùm; ad i&longs;tam qua&longs;
dam interiores in &longs;uperficiem exprimi: &longs;icque, dum
a&longs;&longs;idua deflexione altera &longs;uperficies contrahitur, alte
ra ampliatur, fieri curuitatem. Adderem alia; &longs;ed hæc
nimis. Vale iterùm.