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version 1.18, 2007/03/23 17:50:43

version 1.22, 2007/03/30 16:25:58

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<?xml version="1.0"?>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<!DOCTYPE archimedes SYSTEM "../dtd/archimedes.dtd">

<info>

<author>Cardano, Girolamo</author>

<title>De subtilitate</title>

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<cvs_file>carda_subti_016_la_1663.xml</cvs_file>

<cvs_version/>

</info> <text> <front><section>

</info>

<text>

<front>

</section>

</front>

<body>

<chap>

<s id="s.000002"><emph type="center"/>DE SVBTILITATE.<emph.end type="center"/></s>

<s id="s.000003"><emph type="center"/>LIBER PRIMVS.<emph.end type="center"/></s>

<s id="s.000004"><emph type="center"/>DE PRINCIPIIS, MATERIA, FORMA, VACVO,<emph.end type="center"/></s>

<s id="s.000005"><emph type="center"/>corporum repugnantia, motu Naturali, & Loco.<emph.end type="center"/></s>

<s id="s.000006">PROPOSITVM no&longs;tri ne</s>

<s id="s.000007"><arrow.to.target n="marg1"/><lb/>gotij in hoc Opere e&longs;t, de <lb/>Subtilitate tractare. </s>

<s id="s.000008">E&longs;t au<lb/>tem &longs;ubtilitas ratio quædam, <lb/>qua &longs;en&longs;ibilia à &longs;en&longs;ibus, in<lb/>telligibilia ab intellectu, dif<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg2"/><lb/>ficilè compræhenduntur. </s>

<s id="s.000009">Ergo &longs;i &longs;ingula, qu&etail; <lb/>&longs;ubtilitate con&longs;tant, magnum etiam per &longs;e <lb/>exhibent negotium, &longs;untque difficillima, <lb/>quid rogo de ea tractatione dicendum erit, <lb/>in qua omnis &longs;ubtilitatis ratio explicanda <lb/>e&longs;t? </s>

<s id="s.000010">Idque &longs;olùm apertum & facilè videri <lb/>pote&longs;t, quod in vnaquaque di&longs;ciplina e&longs;t <lb/>ob&longs;curi&longs;&longs;imum. </s>

<s id="s.000011">Maiu&longs;que nobis negotium <lb/>&longs;upere&longs;t in ip&longs;ius rei tractatione, quàm in <lb/>ip&longs;a re. </s>

<s id="s.000012">Cum enim &longs;cribentes in quatuor <lb/>laborent generibus, rerum ob&longs;curitate, in<lb/>certorum dubitatione, cau&longs;arum inuentio<lb/>ne, rectaque earum explicatione, omnia <lb/>hæc hoc in libro cumulatiùs habentur. </s>

<s id="s.000013">Si <lb/>ob&longs;curitas difficultatem parit, hic liber &longs;o<lb/>lùm ob&longs;curi&longs;&longs;ima &longs;eligit. </s>

<s id="s.000014">Si certò &longs;cire &longs;em<lb/>per laborio&longs;um fuit: quid hoc argumento <lb/>laborio&longs;ius? </s>

<s id="s.000015">vbi habeam quos fugiam, vt <lb/>Plinium & Albertum, quibus nulla in hoc <lb/>genere, quòd palàm mentiantur, fides ha<lb/>betur, quos &longs;equar non habeam. </s>

<s id="s.000016">Et tamen <lb/>&longs;i non omnia mihi ad vnguem fuerint ex<lb/>plorata, operam ( vt dici &longs;olet ) & oleum <lb/>perdam. </s>

<s id="s.000017">Quid de cau&longs;is dicam? </s>

<s id="s.000018">quos omni<lb/>bus intactas, velut tamen ex Oraculo quo<lb/>dam acceptas, depromere oportet. </s>

<s id="s.000019">At Ora<lb/>culis fides ab&longs;que demon&longs;tratione habeba<lb/>tur: nobis, &longs;i eam non addiderimus, nulla <lb/>dabitur. </s>

<s id="s.000020">Intentata pror&longs;us tot &longs;eculis vel res <lb/>ip&longs;as &longs;cientibus Philo&longs;ophis, quæ nunc à <lb/>me vno &longs;unt explicanda. </s>

<s id="s.000021">Quædam etiam <lb/>cùm de&longs;ierint, aut nuper &longs;int inuenta, nomi<lb/>nibus aut carent, aut nomina rebus ip&longs;is. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000022">Porrò nomina inuenire nouis rebus, & &longs;e<lb/>ne&longs;cente lingua difficillimum e&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.000023">Et &longs;i inue<lb/>nero, vt calumniam non &longs;ubeam eorum, <lb/>qui nuper de his &longs;crip&longs;erunt, iudicium ad<lb/>iicere cogor. </s>

<s id="s.000024">In reliquo, ne Oedipus ip&longs;e <lb/>Lectori &longs;atisfaciat. </s>

<s id="s.000025">Itaque cùm rem ad<lb/>modum laborio&longs;am aggre&longs;&longs;i &longs;imus, non ta<lb/>men pro laboris magnitudine, operi ip&longs;i <lb/>præmij vice vtilitatis & gloriæ tantundem <lb/>accedet. </s>

<s id="s.000026">Erant & quædam præter hæc ab <lb/>antiquis non rectè tractata. </s>

<s id="s.000027">Sed in his non <lb/>laboro, cùm nulla &longs;it authoritas aduer&longs;us ex<lb/>perimenta &longs;cribentibus. </s>

<s id="s.000028">Ergo tot & tanta <lb/>&longs;unt difficultatis argumenta in hac tracta<lb/>tione. </s>

<s id="s.000029">Sed vt ad rem ip&longs;am reuertar, quan<lb/>quam ob&longs;cura tenuia &longs;int plerunque, & exi<lb/>lia &longs;ubtilia, non tamen omnia neque &longs;em<lb/>per. </s>

<s id="s.000030">Quæ enim verborum vitio potiùs quàm <lb/>arte vlla ob&longs;cura &longs;unt atque implicata, ve<lb/>lut nodi fortuitò in &longs;eip&longs;os redeuntes, tum <lb/>quæ &longs;en&longs;u tenuia videntur, haud tamen den<lb/>&longs;a, hæc &longs;ubtilitatis nomen non merentur. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000031">Talia &longs;unt gracilia hominum crura ab ini<lb/>tio praua nutritione, aliove ca&longs;u oblæ&longs;a. </s>

<s id="s.000032"><margin.target id="marg1"/>Subtilitatis <lb/>definitio.</s>

<s id="s.000033"><margin.target id="marg2"/>Difficultas <lb/>in opere <lb/>&longs;cribendo.</s>

<s id="s.000034">Con&longs;tat ergo &longs;ubtilitas in tribus &longs;ub&longs;tan<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg3"/><lb/>tiis, accidentibus, ac repræ&longs;entationibus. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000035">Eorum enim quorum e&longs;t &longs;cientia aliqua, <lb/>quædam &longs;unt, quædam autem non, &longs;ed &longs;o<lb/>lùm e&longs;&longs;e videntur. </s>

<s id="s.000036">Quæ videntur, alia qui<lb/>dem nobis dormientibus, alia autem vigi<lb/>lantibus alia per interiores &longs;en&longs;us, alia verò <lb/>per externos. </s>

<s id="s.000037">Externi &longs;en&longs;us, quorum e&longs;t <lb/>ratio habenda, quatuor &longs;unt: tactus, vi&longs;us, <lb/>olfactus, auditus. </s>

<s id="s.000038">Nam gu&longs;tus qua&longs;i con<lb/>temnendus e&longs;&longs;e videtur. </s>

<s id="s.000039">Horum &longs;ingulis <lb/>quadrifariam repræ&longs;entatio contingit: vel <lb/>quia non percipiunt quæ percipere debent, <lb/>velut cùm caro acu citra dolorem perfora<lb/>tur: vel quia percipiunt, quod non e&longs;t, vt <lb/>ec&longs;ta&longs;i ac &longs;omniis: vel aliter quàm &longs;int, vt <lb/>magnitudines aut colores: aut non &longs;imili <lb/>ratione, vt in imagine. </s>

<s id="s.000040">Videntur rur&longs;us &longs;ub <lb/>hoc genere plura e&longs;&longs;e, &longs;ed non &longs;unt. </s>

<s id="s.000041">Nam <lb/>oratio, auditus: pictura, &longs;culptura, vi&longs;us, &longs;pe<lb/>cies imaginantis virtutis: &longs;criptura autem <lb/>vi&longs;u & auditu con&longs;tare videtur: vtraque au<lb/>tem, tam &longs;criptura quàm oratio, auxilio in<lb/>terioris &longs;en&longs;us con&longs;tant. </s>

<s id="s.000042">Quæ autem &longs;unt, <lb/>alia quidem &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ, alia accidentia. </s>

<s id="s.000043">Sub<lb/>&longs;tantiarum aliæ quidem corporeæ, aliæ cor<lb/>pore carent: atque hæ omnes immortales <lb/>atque incorruptibiles: carent enim contra<lb/>rio, & in &longs;eip&longs;is &longs;ub&longs;i&longs;tunt. </s>

<s id="s.000044">Quæ igitur incor<lb/>poreæ, aliæ quidem à nullis pendent, &longs;ed <lb/>aliorum &longs;unt cau&longs;æ, aliæ ab aliis. </s>

<s id="s.000045">Quæ à <lb/>nullis pendeat, vna tantùm e&longs;t, Deus opti<lb/>mus atque immen&longs;us, cuius fabrica e&longs;t <lb/>vniuer&longs;um ip&longs;um. </s>

<s id="s.000046">De illius intellectu, &longs;a<lb/>pientia ac pote&longs;tate bonitatéque, inde de <lb/>vniuer&longs;i ortu, extremo loco tanquam de <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg4"/><lb/>perfecti&longs;&longs;imo dicendum erit. </s>

<s id="s.000047">Ad de vniuer&longs;i <lb/>ordine etiam ibidem erit con&longs;iderandum. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000048">Nam vniuer&longs;um ordine con&longs;tat: ip&longs;um verò <lb/>in tempore, aut in illo tempus. </s>

<s id="s.000049">Septem igi<lb/>tur hæc vltimo in libro tractanda erunt. <pb pagenum="358" xlink:href="016/01/007.jpg"/>Quæ autem pendent ab aliis, & corpore ca<lb/>rent, alia aliorum &longs;unt cau&longs;æ, alia nullius. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000050">Et quæ aliorum &longs;unt cau&longs;æ, vt perpetuò <lb/>cau&longs;æ &longs;int corporibus etiam immortalibus <lb/>annectuntur, vocantúrque &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ pri<lb/>mæ. </s>

<s id="s.000051">Quatuor igitur in his &longs;pectanda erunt, <lb/>vt intelligunt, vt producunt, vt manent <lb/>(in æuo enim e&longs;&longs;e videntur<emph type="italics"/>)<emph.end type="italics"/> vt mouent, at<lb/>que corpori a&longs;&longs;i&longs;tunt. </s>

<s id="s.000052">Plurima verò in hoc <lb/>genere & in vltima tractatione ad libros de <lb/>æternitatis arcanis reiecta &longs;unt, quòd cùm <lb/>omnia hæc &longs;upra humanam mentem &longs;int <lb/>clariora, & quæ apertiùs demon&longs;trari pote<lb/>rant, tùm generalia, tantùm huic negotio <lb/>pertinebant. </s>

<s id="s.000053">Quæ verò immortalia & in<lb/>corporea nullius erant cau&longs;a: mortali cor<lb/>pori annexa fuêre. </s>

<s id="s.000054">Alia igitur horum ma<lb/>nife&longs;ta, alia de quibus e&longs;t dubitatio. </s>

<s id="s.000055">Atque <lb/>illa &longs;i &longs;int præclara magis, dæmonas quidam <lb/>vocant, de quibus ante intelligentias tra<lb/>ctabimus. </s>

<s id="s.000056">Tum verò ante illud de xxiv. </s>

<s id="s.000057">ge<lb/>neribus repræ&longs;entationum dictis, ob rei affi<lb/>nitatem: plerique enim mirabilia &longs;unt, ad <lb/>hos veluti cau&longs;as referunt. </s>

<s id="s.000058">Verùm cùm an <lb/>&longs;int, nondum liqueat naturam &longs;pectantibus, <lb/>de his tantùm, velut de probabilibus loque<lb/>mur, initium ab effectibus, &longs;olúmque id <lb/>cum dubitatione &longs;umentes. </s>

<s id="s.000059">At de intelle<lb/>ctus immortalitate, illiú&longs;que &longs;eparatione, <lb/>aliàs dictum e&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.000060">Reliquum e&longs;t igitur, vt de <lb/>propriis illius affectus loquamur. </s>

<s id="s.000061">Sunt au<lb/>tem artes, de quibus ante illa tractabimus, <lb/>tùm de rebus, quæ artibus ip&longs;is con&longs;tant. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000062">Ante artes, de &longs;cientiis atque intellectu di<lb/>cendum erit. </s>

<s id="s.000063">Nam de Prudentia, in libris <lb/>de Sapientia di&longs;putauimus. </s>

<s id="s.000064">At priùs de Ani<lb/>ma & Intellectu dicendum erit, quoniam <lb/>non e&longs;t &longs;cientia, neque principiorum cogni<lb/>tio ab&longs;que illis. </s>

<s id="s.000065">Atque po&longs;t hæc de leuioris <lb/>cuiu&longs;dam generis &longs;ubtilitatibus &longs;eu inutili<lb/>bus, quæ nec ad artem, quòd non confe<lb/>rant: nec ad &longs;cientiam, quòd non demon<lb/>&longs;trentur, referri queunt. </s>

<s id="s.000066">Rur&longs;us, vt anima <lb/>corpori mortali annectitur, &longs;en&longs;us fiunt: <lb/>atque inde cùm &longs;en&longs;us non &longs;int, ni&longs;i etiam <lb/>&longs;en&longs;ibilia, tum verò &longs;en&longs;u &longs;en&longs;ibilia perci<lb/>piente voluptas &longs;it, antea de his tribus di<lb/>cendum erit, &longs;cilicet de &longs;en&longs;u, &longs;en&longs;ibilibus, <lb/>ac voluptate. </s>

<s id="s.000067">Colores tamen ad luminis tra<lb/>ctationem ob commodum reiicimus. </s>

<s id="s.000068">Cor<lb/>porearum verò &longs;ub&longs;tantiarum aliæ quidem <lb/>immortales, vt c&oelig;lum: aliæ corruptioni <lb/>obnoxiæ. </s>

<s id="s.000069">Horum etiam quædam &longs;implices, <lb/>aliæ mixtæ. </s>

<s id="s.000070">Atque omnium horum &longs;unt <lb/>principia quædam, velut locus & motus, <lb/>& corporum repugnantia, & certa men&longs;u<lb/>ra &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ: neque enim di&longs;&longs;olui pote&longs;t <lb/>corpus in incorporea, neque vacuum admit<lb/>titur. </s>

<s id="s.000071">Tum etiam forma e&longs;t principium, at<lb/>que communis cum aliis tam generabilibus, <lb/>quàm ingenerabilibus corporibus. </s>

<s id="s.000072">Igitur de <lb/>omnibus his quinque, tum de materia, pri<lb/>mo loco, atque in primo libro tractandum <lb/>erit. </s>

<s id="s.000073">Po&longs;t hæc de quatuor elementis <emph type="italics"/>(<emph.end type="italics"/> tot <lb/>enim exi&longs;timantur <emph type="italics"/>)<emph.end type="italics"/> inde de c&oelig;lo, pò&longs;t de <lb/>luce, lumine atque coloribus. </s>

<s id="s.000074">Inde ad com<lb/>po&longs;ita corpora de&longs;cendendum. </s>

<s id="s.000075">Horum quæ<lb/>dam perfecta, quædam imperfecta, de qui<lb/>bus primò dicendum erit. </s>

<s id="s.000076">Con&longs;tant hæc mi<lb/>&longs;tione. </s>

<s id="s.000077">De mi&longs;tione igitur quinto loco di<lb/>cendum erit. </s>

<s id="s.000078">Perfectorum autem corporum <lb/>& quæ viuunt, quædam vitam in &longs;eip&longs;is <lb/>habent, atque horum alia aqueæ &longs;ub&longs;tan<lb/>tiæ, quæ Metalla vocantur: quædam ter<lb/>reæ, quæ Lapides dicuntur: Cùm verò hæc <lb/>generatione & corruptione, & mutatione <lb/>qualitatum fiant, imprimis de metallis: de <lb/>mutatione qualitatum, quam barbari vo<lb/>cant Altercationem, dicendum erit: pò&longs;t <lb/>de Lapidibus. </s>

<s id="s.000079">Eorum autem quæ vitam <lb/>aliundè trahunt, quædam motu carent, vt <lb/>arbores, & herbæ, de quibus octauo loco <lb/>dicendum e&longs;t: pò&longs;t de his quæ motu prædi<lb/>ta &longs;unt, non tamen &longs;emine generantur. </s>

<s id="s.000080">At <lb/>de generatione tali dicendum erit: &longs;icut in <lb/>decimo de Generatione, quæ &longs;emine in ani<lb/>malibus fit. </s>

<s id="s.000081">Atque hæc animalia intellectu <lb/>carent. </s>

<s id="s.000082">De corpore verò, quod &longs;ummam <lb/>perfectionem con&longs;ecutum e&longs;t, <emph type="italics"/>(<emph.end type="italics"/> illud autem <lb/>e&longs;t homo ) cur factum &longs;it, & de illius for<lb/>ma atque actionibus dicendum erit. </s>

<s id="s.000083">Duode<lb/>cimus verò ea tractat de illo, quæ ad cor<lb/>pus pertinent, atque hæc quatuor &longs;unt ge<lb/>nerum: quædam enim aliis &longs;unt communia <lb/>animalibus, quædam propria: quædam &longs;unt <lb/>actiones ex &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ propria quadam na<lb/>tura, quædam verò quæ ad illius manife<lb/>&longs;tam &longs;tructuram referuntur. </s>

<s id="s.000084">Iam verò & <lb/>quædam &longs;unt accidentia, de quibus dicen<lb/>dum e&longs;t, velut grauitas, leuitas: hæc au<lb/>tem in elementis, den&longs;itas, raritas, a&longs;pe<lb/>ritas, lenitas, durities, mollities: atque <lb/>hæc in mi&longs;tis, communiáque, velut genitis <lb/>nitor, per&longs;picuitas, figuráque genitis &longs;o<lb/>lùm. </s>

<s id="s.000085">Quædam verò de aliis tantùm dicun<lb/>tur, vt generatio, corruptio, nutritio, mu<lb/>tatio, auctio, attractio, retentio, conco<lb/>ctio, expul&longs;io. </s>

<s id="s.000086">Subtilitas verò in omnibus <lb/>his, quorum genera numerauimus. </s>

<s id="s.000087">Quod <lb/>igitur tot &longs;int, de quibus tractandum e&longs;t, & <lb/>quòd plura e&longs;&longs;e non po&longs;&longs;int, tùm verò quæ <lb/>de illis demon&longs;tranda, & quo ordine, abun<lb/>dè me explica&longs;&longs;e reor. </s>

<s id="s.000088">Vnde non leuis vti<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg5"/><lb/>litas ex tanto labore, &longs;ed quanta vnquam <lb/>alia ex tractatione po&longs;&longs;it haberi, &longs;eu ad <lb/>vnum tantùm genus, &longs;eu ad plurima refe<lb/>ratur. </s>

<s id="s.000089">Primùm enim ad omnem naturæ co<lb/>gnitionem confert, & ad difficilium rerum <lb/>&longs;cientiam, & ob&longs;curarum inuentionem, li<lb/>bris quoque interpretandis omnibus aliqua <lb/>in parte auxiliatur. </s>

<s id="s.000090">Artium vires docet, ac <lb/>noua quædam &longs;citu iucunda common&longs;trat, <lb/>tum ex his etiam, quæ ad comparandas di<lb/>uitias, & opes non parùm momenti afferunt. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000091">Decernit & circa antiquas, & non leues du<lb/>bitationes, quid verum &longs;it, velut in chymi<lb/>cis. </s>

<s id="s.000092">O&longs;tendit & prodigio&longs;a opera tùm natu<lb/>ræ, tùm artis. </s>

<s id="s.000093">Reuocat & antiqua in v&longs;um <lb/>inuenta, quæ vetu&longs;tate, vel bellis gra<lb/>ui&longs;&longs;imis excoluerunt. </s>

<s id="s.000094">Et quæ &longs;en&longs;ibus ad<lb/>miranda videntur, cur fiant, in omni<lb/>bus edocet. </s>

<s id="s.000095">Iam verò propo&longs;itum rem ag<lb/>grediamur. </s>

<s id="s.000096"><margin.target id="marg3"/>Subtilitas in <lb/>quib. </s>

<s id="s.000097">&longs;it. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000098">Quæ <expan abbr="tractã-da">tractan<lb/>da</expan> &longs;int in <lb/>his libris.</s>

<s id="s.000099"><margin.target id="marg4"/>Ordo li<lb/>brorum.</s>

<s id="s.000100"><margin.target id="marg5"/>Vtilitas.</s>

<s id="s.000101">Hylen e&longs;&longs;e, o&longs;tendit rerum ip&longs;arum per<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg6"/><lb/>petua generatio, quæ &longs;emper ex aliquo fit <lb/>alio. </s>

<s id="s.000102">Etenim frumenta ex terra & humore, <lb/>& animalia ex &longs;emine, & &longs;anguine, vel <lb/>ouis, & cinis ex lignis: nec quicquam tam <lb/>pu&longs;illum e&longs;t, quòd ex nullo fiat. </s>

<s id="s.000103">Nec &longs;uffi<lb/>cit, vt aliquid præ&longs;it, cùm non ex arundi-<pb pagenum="359" xlink:href="016/01/008.jpg"/>ne, aut &longs;tipula multus cinis fieri po&longs;&longs;it, ex <lb/>multa verò quercu paucus nunquam cinis <lb/>euadet. </s>

<s id="s.000104">Itaque aliquid in generatione om<lb/>ni commune manet, quod materiam pri<lb/>mam dicimus aut hylen. </s>

<s id="s.000105">Cùm enim aliquid <lb/>generatur ex alio, &longs;i forma perit (aliter enim <lb/>e&longs;&longs;et idem ac non e&longs;&longs;et) manente aliquo ma<lb/>teriam illud e&longs;&longs;e, nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.000106">O&longs;tendit idem <lb/>corruptio, cùm nihil pror&longs;us dum corrum<lb/>pitur, pereat. </s>

<s id="s.000107">Nam malum putre&longs;cit, & in <lb/>vermes tran&longs;it: & ligna dum vruntur, in <lb/>cineres: & aquam in vapores calore ignis, <lb/>aut &longs;olis, vel fumum permutatur. </s>

<s id="s.000108">E&longs;t au<lb/>tem vapor & fumus aliquid: nam & homi<lb/>nem &longs;uffocat, & &longs;i colligatur, denuò tran<lb/>&longs;it in guttas aquæ. </s>

<s id="s.000109">Manife&longs;tum e&longs;t igitur <lb/>aliquid e&longs;&longs;e in rerum natura &longs;ub forma lati<lb/>tans, quod nec per generationem fit, nec <lb/>corruptione ip&longs;a interit: atque hoc ip&longs;um <lb/>vt primum quoddam, & quod multis &longs;ub<lb/>iicitur formis, materiam primam vocare <lb/>&longs;olemus ingenitam, & nunquam interitu<lb/>ram. </s>

<s id="s.000110">Manet autem atque e&longs;t: quod enim <lb/>manet e&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.000111">Materia igitur actu e&longs;t talis, qua<lb/>lem de&longs;crip&longs;imus: verùm formis compara<lb/>ta, potentia e&longs;t: illas enim &longs;u&longs;cipere pote&longs;t. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000112">Ad formam igitur comparata materia, po<lb/>tentia e&longs;t, in &longs;eip&longs;a verò actu. </s>

<s id="s.000113">Quemadmo<lb/>dum f&oelig;tus cùm nondum perfectus e&longs;t, in<lb/>fans potentia e&longs;t, &longs;ed talis, qualis f&oelig;tus actu <lb/>e&longs;t: e&longs;t enim hoc quidem &longs;ic delineatum com<lb/>mi&longs;tum, ac tale quale videtur. </s>

<s id="s.000114">Cùm autem <lb/>ad formam infantis comparatur, potentia <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e dicitur: nam &longs;i actu e&longs;&longs;et, e&longs;&longs;et infans <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg7"/><lb/>iam, non autem f&oelig;tus. </s>

<s id="s.000115">Materia igitur pri<lb/>ma actu e&longs;t, atque ( vt ita dicam ) imminu<lb/>to: ad formas comparata, potentia e&longs;t: nam <lb/>ni&longs;i potentia ad illas e&longs;&longs;et, eas nunquam <lb/>&longs;u&longs;ciperet: neque enim ex lapide homo fit, <lb/>quia lapis ad hominis formam &longs;u&longs;cipiendam <lb/>potentiam non habet. </s>

<s id="s.000116">Complexa verò à for<lb/>ma, cui tunc &longs;ubiacet, actum con&longs;equitur <lb/>perfectiorem, non tamen perfectum: actus <lb/>enim perfectus e&longs;t, qui potentia omninò <lb/>caret. </s>

<s id="s.000117">Dicemus igitur ficus materiam per <lb/>&longs;e con&longs;ideratam actu e&longs;&longs;e, &longs;ed tenui admo<lb/>dum: vt verò ad alienas formas compara<lb/>tur, potentia quidem ad illas: vt autem pro<lb/>priè ficus formæ &longs;ubiacet, actu con&longs;i&longs;tere. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000118">Sed nec materia prima omnibus e&longs;t &longs;poliata <lb/>rebus: cùm enim <emph type="italics"/>(<emph.end type="italics"/>vt dixi ) neque ex pugil<lb/>lo paleæ, ferri pugillus ob materiæ paucita<lb/>tem, nec rur&longs;us ex ferri pugillo, paleæ pu<lb/>gillus ob illius redundantiam, &longs;equitur <lb/>vt materia prima quantitatem quandam <lb/>retineat, quam indefinitam vocamus. </s>

<s id="s.000119">Nam<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg8"/><lb/>que non &longs;ibi certos de&longs;cribit limites, cùm <lb/>modò &longs;ub forma maius complendo &longs;pa<lb/>tium, modò minùs latitet. </s>

<s id="s.000120">Nam &longs;i ex terra <lb/>ignis fiat, ampliorem occupat locum: qua<lb/>re materia illa prior, quæ minori &longs;ubiicie<lb/>batur quantitati, mutatione formæ maio<lb/>rem locum impleuit. </s>

<s id="s.000121">Circum&longs;criptos tamen <lb/>habet limites magnitudinis ac paruitatis, <lb/>intra quos ceu quidam Proteus infinitos ma<lb/>gnitudinis tèrminos &longs;ubit. </s>

<s id="s.000122">Quúmque hæc <lb/>quantitatis certa determinatio illi actu in<lb/>hæreat, quid mirum e&longs;t ip&longs;am materiam pri<lb/>mam, propter quam magnitudo ip&longs;a e&longs;t <lb/>con&longs;tituta, actu e&longs;&longs;e, ac &longs;ub&longs;i&longs;tere? </s>

<s id="s.000123">ob&longs;cu<lb/>riùs hæc quidem ab aliis dicta &longs;unt, non &longs;o<lb/>lùm ob rei ip&longs;ius &longs;ubtilitatem, &longs;ed quòd ple<lb/>rique dum quæ non perfectè a&longs;&longs;equebantur, <lb/>&longs;cribere vellent, &longs;ermonibus non tantùm <lb/>ob&longs;curius, &longs;ed etiam ambiguis tractationem <lb/>ip&longs;am inuoluunt. </s>

<s id="s.000124">Porrò ad materiæ &longs;cien<lb/>tiam, imò e&longs;&longs;entiam &longs;equitur, vt cùm for<lb/>mas ip&longs;as aduenientes impedimus, prior re<lb/>maneat: atque eo modo aqua frigida in &longs;an<lb/>guineis temperantiam con&longs;eruat, bilis pro<lb/>hibendo generationem. </s>

<s id="s.000125">Etenim cùm nece&longs;<lb/>&longs;e &longs;it materiam primam &longs;emper &longs;ub aliqua <lb/>iacere forma, &longs;i &longs;ub&longs;equens impediatur ar<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg9"/><lb/>te, vel ca&longs;u, priorem formam manere ne<lb/>ce&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.000126">Inde igitur tota præ&longs;eruandi me<lb/>thodus ortum habuit. </s>

<s id="s.000127">Similiter & in tran&longs;<lb/>mutationibus par materiæ quantitas requi<lb/>renda fuit, cùm maior aut minor oportuna <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e non po&longs;&longs;it. </s>

<s id="s.000128"><expan abbr="Atq;">Atque</expan> ea ratione ex con&longs;imili<lb/>bus con&longs;imilia magis fiunt, quàm ex di&longs;&longs;imi<lb/>libus. </s>

<s id="s.000129">Rur&longs;us rari ac den&longs;i ratio à materiæ <lb/>multitudine, aut paucitate &longs;umpta e&longs;t: ve<lb/>rùm de his inferiùs dicemus. </s>

<s id="s.000130">Cùm itaque <lb/>materia ab initio tota fui&longs;&longs;et, imple&longs;&longs;étque <lb/>hoc concauum orbis, nec po&longs;&longs;et finiri, va<lb/>cuum e&longs;&longs;e non poterat: nam vacuo aucto, <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg10"/><lb/>materiam tolli nece&longs;&longs;e erat. </s>

<s id="s.000131">Multa etiam <lb/>erant, quæ vacuum e&longs;&longs;e non po&longs;&longs;e demon<lb/>&longs;trabant, et&longs;i Heron in &longs;piritualibus illud <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e o&longs;tendere nitatur: verùm non e&longs;t &longs;a<lb/>pientis omnia ab&longs;urda refellere: nec no&longs;tri <lb/>multò minùs in&longs;tituti, quæ ab euidentibus <lb/>rationibus po&longs;&longs;unt demon&longs;trari, ob&longs;curiori<lb/>bus argumentis pro&longs;equi. </s>

<s id="s.000132">Quòd igitur va<lb/>cuum non &longs;it, folles o&longs;tendunt occlu&longs;i, qui <lb/>&longs;i nimium di&longs;tendantur ac violenter fran<lb/>guntur: nam locus capacior factus, cùm <lb/>nec aëre impleri po&longs;&longs;it, tantam tenuitatem <lb/>non admittente, nec vacuum dari queat, &longs;u<lb/>pere&longs;t tertium vt folles ip&longs;i di&longs;rumpantur. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000133">Huius igitur vacui nece&longs;&longs;itate aqua a&longs;cen<lb/>dit, dum per canalem &longs;ugimus, pronáque de<lb/>&longs;cendit, hauriens &longs;itulam ex vrceolo. </s>

<s id="s.000134">Hæc <lb/>autem infrà demon&longs;trabuntur. </s>

<s id="s.000135"><margin.target id="marg6"/>Materiam <lb/>primam e&longs;&longs;e.</s>

<s id="s.000136"><margin.target id="marg7"/>Materiam <lb/>primam <lb/>actu e&longs;&longs;e.</s>

<s id="s.000137"><margin.target id="marg8"/>Materiam <lb/>primam <lb/>quandam <lb/>retinere.</s>

<s id="s.000138"><margin.target id="marg9"/>Præ&longs;eruandi <lb/>methodus <lb/>vnde ortum <lb/>habuerit.</s>

<s id="s.000139"><margin.target id="marg10"/>Vacuum non <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e.</s>

<s id="s.000140">Hac ratione lucerna mirabilis excogitata <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg11"/><lb/>e&longs;t, turris formâ vndequaque conclu&longs;a, &longs;o<lb/>lóque foramine D, contenta, per quod <lb/>oleum ip&longs;um infunditur, donec tota implea<lb/>tur. </s>

<s id="s.000141">Solida e&longs;t ex &longs;tanno, cúmque conuer<lb/>titur, vt nunc iacet, oleum effundi per D, <lb/>non pote&longs;t.</s>

<s id="s.000142">Nam &longs;i effunderetur, quod e&longs;t <lb/>in C, de&longs;cenderet grauis & vacui ratione ad <lb/>D: & quod e&longs;&longs;et in B, ad C: & quod e&longs;&longs;et <lb/>in A: ad B: igitur vacuum in A, relinque<lb/>retur. </s>

<s id="s.000143">Ne igitur vacuum in A, relinquatur, <lb/><figure id="id.016.01.008.1.jpg" xlink:href="016/01/008/1.jpg"/><lb/>manet: quare etiam in B, oleum, & in C <lb/>& in D: nihil ergo effunditur. </s>

<s id="s.000144">Sed quonam <lb/>pacto igitur dum accen&longs;o ellychnio in F, <lb/>oleum con&longs;umitur, per E, canalem ex ip&longs;o <lb/>D, exire pote&longs;t, itaque ad vacui rationem <pb pagenum="360" xlink:href="016/01/009.jpg"/>rur&longs;us peruenire videtur nece&longs;&longs;arium? </s>

<s id="s.000145">Siue <lb/>enim trahatur caloris vi, &longs;eu &longs;pontè de&longs;cen<lb/>dat oleum, quantum ad vacui rationem at<lb/>tinet, nihil intere&longs;&longs;e videtur. </s>

<s id="s.000146">Attamen ex<lb/>perimentum edocet, ardere quidem lucer<lb/>nam, & &longs;ic &longs;en&longs;im vacuam reddi: &longs;pontè <lb/>autem oleum nequaquam de&longs;cendere. </s>

<s id="s.000147">Cau<lb/>&longs;a igitur e&longs;t, quòd ignis calefaciendo rariùs <lb/>ac tenuiùs efficit oleum: id rarius factum <lb/>intume&longs;cit, & per D, foramen exuberat, <lb/>leui&longs;&longs;imáque eius pars interim a&longs;cendit ad <lb/>&longs;ummum lucernæ, vbi A, &longs;crip&longs;imus: quæ <lb/>cum multo aëre referta &longs;it, locum aëre com<lb/>plet, ac &longs;ic &longs;en&longs;im augetur, dum <expan abbr="ole&utilde;">oleum</expan> effundi<lb/>tur. </s>

<s id="s.000148">Quamobrem & illud diligenter cauere <lb/>nece&longs;&longs;arium e&longs;t, ne canalis D E F, iu&longs;to bre<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg12"/><lb/>uior &longs;it, aut ellychnium in F, maius: nam <lb/>vtroque modo oleum nimio calore celeriùs <lb/>intume&longs;cit, adeò vt effundatur. </s>

<s id="s.000149">Hac ratione <lb/>excogitarunt Athenien&longs;es lucernam ante <lb/>Mineruæ &longs;imulachrum, quæ toto anno ar<lb/>deret. </s>

<s id="s.000150">Nam A B C D, &longs;patium auctum erat <lb/>iuxta multitudinem dierum anni: commo<lb/>diùs for&longs;an fuerit, &longs;i &longs;ubere craticulæ ferreæ <lb/>&longs;u&longs;tententur. </s>

<s id="s.000151">Ideóque in va&longs;e maximo <lb/>oleum effu&longs;um, per&longs;euerante flamma el<lb/>lychnij &longs;ufficiet in totum annum. </s>

<s id="s.000152">Vt verò <lb/>per&longs;eueret flamma, ellychnium comburi non <lb/>debet. </s>

<s id="s.000153">Tale fit è ligno Carpa&longs;io, hoc enim <lb/>non vritur: aut, vt inferiùs docebimus, è la<lb/>pidum cru&longs;tarum filis. <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg13"/></s>

<s id="s.000154"><margin.target id="marg11"/>Lucerna mi<lb/>rabilis.</s>

<s id="s.000155"><margin.target id="marg12"/>Lucerna toto <lb/>anno <expan abbr="ard&etilde;s">ardens</expan>.</s>

<s id="s.000156"><margin.target id="marg13"/>Vbique tria <lb/>&longs;unt, mate<lb/>ria, forma <lb/>& anima.</s>

<s id="s.000157">Materia igitur vbique e&longs;t, illa verò &longs;ine <lb/>forma e&longs;&longs;e non pote&longs;t, quare & formam vbi<lb/>que e&longs;&longs;e nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t: &longs;ed & animam quan<lb/>dam, &longs;eu quòd vbique fiat generatio, &longs;eu <lb/>quod magis ad præ&longs;entem attinet tractatio<lb/>nem, in quocunque corpore, cùm extra lo<lb/>cum &longs;uum fuerit, motus principium e&longs;&longs;e vi<lb/>deatur. </s>

<s id="s.000158">At motus non ab anima, &longs;ed à na<lb/>tura e&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.000159">Mea nihil intere&longs;t, modò ( quod ad <lb/>præ&longs;entem mihi &longs;olùm tractationem nece&longs;<lb/>&longs;arium e&longs;t ) fatearis principium e&longs;&longs;e quod<lb/>dam motus: nam de anima, an omnis natu<lb/>ra anima &longs;it po&longs;teriùs con&longs;iderandum. </s>

<s id="s.000160">Nunc <lb/>&longs;atis &longs;it, cùm mi&longs;ta omnia &longs;int corporea aut <lb/>&longs;implicia, quædam ex his vt leuia &longs;ursùm, <lb/>alia deorsùm ferri vt grauia: neque verò <lb/>impelluntur: nam violenter ad propria re<lb/>mearent: nec trahuntur: locus enim acci<lb/>dens e&longs;t, & elementum ip&longs;um non trahit <lb/>vbique: vt cùm aqua &longs;ursùm fuerit. </s>

<s id="s.000161">Inti<lb/>mum igitur e&longs;t, quo mouetur elementum, <lb/>aut ab elemento mixtum. </s>

<s id="s.000162">Dico etenim mix<lb/>tum, vt lapidem, à terra, quæ in ip&longs;o e&longs;t <lb/>deorsùm moueri, aut aqua. </s>

<s id="s.000163">Siquidem mix<lb/>ta & ip&longs;a ab elemento, aut elementis, quæ <lb/>in ip&longs;is dominantur, moueri &longs;olent. </s>

<s id="s.000164">Cùm <lb/>verò corpora ip&longs;a eiu&longs;dem non fuerint ge<lb/>neris, eodem in loco e&longs;&longs;e non po&longs;&longs;unt: nam </s>

<s id="s.000165"><arrow.to.target n="marg14"/><lb/>materia illa duas haberet &longs;imul formas. </s>

<s id="s.000166">Plus <lb/>verò e&longs;&longs;e ac minùs de eodem corpore, o&longs;ten<lb/>dunt oua vitrea, quæ cùm exuguntur, ex par<lb/>uulo foramine aquam trahunt: nam aër ille <lb/>rarior factus ob attractionem denuò cogi<lb/>tur, occupátque minorem locum quàm priùs, <lb/>atque &longs;ic ne vacuum detur, aquam ad &longs;e <lb/>trahit. </s>

<s id="s.000167">Igitur aër ip&longs;e cogi pote&longs;t, ac &longs;eip<lb/>&longs;um &longs;ubingredi, eadémque ratione rarior <lb/>euadere: vtque e&longs;t terminus quidam in rari<lb/>tate, qui vacui rationem habet atque &longs;ic <lb/>mouet, ita den&longs;itatis alius, quem &longs;i quis <lb/>præterire nitatur, motum excitat, qui vo<lb/>catur impul&longs;us. </s>

<s id="s.000168">Fit igitur impul&longs;us, vel cùm <lb/>corpus locum alterius &longs;ubingreditur, vel cùm <lb/>idem corpus adeò cra&longs;&longs;e&longs;cit, vt tantam cra&longs;&longs;i<lb/>tiem ferre non queat: tunc enim locum alium <lb/>atque ampliorem quærens, motum impul&longs;us <lb/>excitat: vtque à vacuo & raritate nimia attra<lb/>ctio fit, &longs;ic à den&longs;itate maiore aut corporum <lb/>coïtione in vnum, impul&longs;io, quæ attractioni <lb/>contraria e&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.000169"><margin.target id="marg14"/>Duo corpora <lb/>in eodem loco <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e non po&longs;<lb/>&longs;unt.</s>

<s id="s.000170">Igitur quòd corpora &longs;imilia coëant & ra<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg15"/><lb/>re&longs;cant, ab experimento acceptum e&longs;t: &longs;ed <lb/>ratio non adeò clara. </s>

<s id="s.000171">Alexander putat ma<lb/>teriam habere potentiam ad formas diuer<lb/>&longs;as, quarum quantitates materiæ diuer&longs;æ <lb/>&longs;unt: veluti &longs;i ex aqua fiat aër, quòd aër <lb/>minorem po&longs;tulet materiam, materia illa <lb/>rare&longs;cit, quod in igne dum è puluere fit, ma<lb/>nife&longs;tè videmus. </s>

<s id="s.000172">At conden&longs;ari & rare&longs;ce<lb/>cere, e&longs;t formam ex parte mutare. </s>

<s id="s.000173">Cúm enim <lb/>aër cogitur, ad aquæ naturam tran&longs;it. </s>

<s id="s.000174">Vn<lb/>de in cucurbitulis lintea madefacta cogunt <lb/>aërem, atque ideò magis trahunt. </s>

<s id="s.000175">Igitur <lb/>quæ rare&longs;cunt vel conden&longs;antur, formam <lb/>partim mutant. </s>

<s id="s.000176">At forma corporis, formam <lb/>elementi &longs;equitur. </s>

<s id="s.000177">Repugnat igitur, duo <lb/>corpora &longs;imul e&longs;&longs;e, non ob materiam, quæ <lb/>potentia tantùm in loco e&longs;t, & locum occu<lb/>pat, & decernit &longs;ibi quantitatem pote&longs;tate <lb/>quidem &longs;ola, non actu, &longs;ed ob formarum di<lb/>uer&longs;itatem. </s>

<s id="s.000178">Conden&longs;ari igitur corpus po<lb/>te&longs;t, quod &longs;imiles habet partes, non autem <lb/>corpora &longs;e penetrare po&longs;&longs;unt. </s>

<s id="s.000179">Porrò in con<lb/>den&longs;atione videtur difflari aliquid tenuius, <lb/>aut exprimi. </s>

<s id="s.000180">Sed &longs;i ita e&longs;t, videbitur quod <lb/>rare&longs;cit, aut conden&longs;at generari. </s>

<s id="s.000181">Verùm ele<lb/>mentorum mutatio adeò facilis e&longs;t in con<lb/>iuncta & &longs;imilia, vt non omninò vera <lb/>generatio videatur. </s>

<s id="s.000182">Nam ex aqua in le<lb/>bete aër fit ob ignis calorem: ignis au<lb/>tem nihil generat. </s>

<s id="s.000183">Non igitur e&longs;t hæc ge<lb/>neratio elementorum, &longs;ed tran&longs;mutatio quæ<lb/>dam ad affinia. </s>

<s id="s.000184">Dicemus autem de hoc in<lb/>feriùs. </s>

<s id="s.000185"><margin.target id="marg15"/>Corporum <lb/>vnitio quo<lb/>modo fiat.</s>

<s id="s.000186">Ergo in vniuer&longs;um tres erunt motus nà<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg16"/><lb/>turales. </s>

<s id="s.000187">Primus quidem ac validi&longs;&longs;imus à va<lb/>cui fuga, &longs;ed veriùs à forma elementi, cùm <lb/>maiorem raritatem non admittat, nec ma<lb/>teriæ partes &longs;eparari vnquam queant. </s>

<s id="s.000188">Cùm <lb/>igitur in follibus apertio maior fit, quàm <lb/>paucus ille aër ferre po&longs;&longs;it, primùm rarior <lb/>redditus, cùm materia prima &longs;eperationem <lb/>non admittat, aër ille non &longs;u&longs;tinens maio<lb/>rem raritatem, aut aliquid ad &longs;e trahit, aut <lb/>folles omninò di&longs;rumpit. </s>

<s id="s.000189">Non igitur à va<lb/>cuo motus vllus, &longs;ed à formis ip&longs;is maximè <lb/>aëris, dum ampliùs diuelli nequit, nec &longs;e<lb/>parari, fieri con&longs;ueuit. </s>

<s id="s.000190">E&longs;&longs;e autem hunc mo<lb/>tum naturalem, o&longs;tendit con&longs;en&longs;us in hoc <lb/>vniuer&longs;i, & obedientia omnium corporum, <lb/>quæ relictis propriis motibus, vt huic &longs;a<lb/>tisfaciant, a&longs;cendunt &longs;pontè grauia, de&longs;cen<lb/>dúntque leuia. </s>

<s id="s.000191">Secundus ( vt dixi ) è directo <lb/>huic contrarius, &longs;pecie quidem vt primus <lb/>à vacuo fit. </s>

<s id="s.000192">Hic ne corpora &longs;e mutuò pene<lb/>trent factus videtur, &longs;ed veriùs oppo&longs;itam <lb/>priori ob rationem, ne &longs;cilicet forma plus <lb/>iu&longs;to, quàm debeat materiæ primæ con&longs;e<lb/>quatur, &longs;icut in priore ne iu&longs;to minùs. </s>

<s id="s.000193">Hunc <pb pagenum="361" xlink:href="016/01/010.jpg"/>igitur ei&longs;dem rationibus quibus priorem, na<lb/>turalem e&longs;&longs;e demon&longs;trauimus à natura pro<lb/>fici&longs;ci, quamvis apud quo&longs;dam ob&longs;curius <lb/>certè con&longs;tat. </s>

<s id="s.000194">Neque &longs;atis liquet ex his mo<lb/>tibus, qui &longs;it validior. </s>

<s id="s.000195">Illud tamen clarum <lb/>e&longs;t, ambos motibus omnibus violentis, tum <lb/>etiam elementorum naturalibus potentiores <lb/>multò e&longs;&longs;e, neque vbi impul&longs;us huius ge<lb/>neris, aut attractionis ratio habenda &longs;it, <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg17"/><lb/>grauis aut leuis penè vllam e&longs;&longs;e curam. </s>

<s id="s.000196">At<lb/>que ea ratione, quam &longs;uo loco pro&longs;eque<lb/>mur, tanta vi tormenta bellica pilas illas fer<lb/>reas emittunt, cùm nulla vis alia impellen<lb/>do quicquam &longs;imile po&longs;&longs;it efficere. </s>

<s id="s.000197">Quòd <lb/>ni&longs;i machinæ periculum fracturæ ob&longs;ta<lb/>ret, nihil prohiberet ex Germaniis in In<lb/>diam, quoniam ex ordine e&longs;t vniuer&longs;i, im<lb/>pelli. </s>

<s id="s.000198"><margin.target id="marg16"/>Tres e&longs;&longs;e mo<lb/>tus natura<lb/>les à princi<lb/>pio.</s>

<s id="s.000199"><margin.target id="marg17"/>Bellicæ ma<lb/>chinæ impel<lb/>lunt ordine <lb/>vniuer&longs;i.</s>

<s id="s.000200">Tertius autem motus grauium e&longs;t ad in<lb/>ferna, leuium ad &longs;uperna: quem planè om<lb/>nes naturalem e&longs;&longs;e fatentur, quò minùs de <lb/>eo laboro. </s>

<s id="s.000201">Sed nec &longs;i concedatur nobis alios <lb/>motus naturales dici debere, modò &longs;emper <lb/>his, vt dixi, contingant rationibus, quic<lb/>quam ad ea, quæ declarare propo&longs;ueramus <lb/>oberit. </s>

<s id="s.000202">Erat & quartum genus naturalis mo<lb/>tus, quo quædam ad alia mouentur: quod <lb/>quia generale non e&longs;t, ad locum &longs;uum trans<lb/>feretur, velut de Herculeo vocato lapide, <lb/>& ferro, electro atque fe&longs;tuca. </s>

<s id="s.000203">His igitur de<lb/>mon&longs;tratis tanquam principiis ratio con&longs;ur<lb/>git machinæ Cte&longs;ibicæ, quæ &longs;ic con&longs;tat. <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg18"/></s>

<s id="s.000204"><margin.target id="marg18"/>Machina <lb/>Cte&longs;iaica.</s>

<s id="s.000205">Catinus A, æ<lb/>reus, cuius &longs;um<lb/>mum os per quod <lb/>effundi aqua de<lb/>bet B. </s>

<s id="s.000206">In imo eius <lb/>duo foramina C, <lb/>& D, &longs;uper qui<lb/>bus axes aut coria <lb/>ita collocentur vt <lb/>in follibus: quæ <lb/>ex inferiore par<lb/>te eleuentur ver<lb/>sùs A, &longs;ed &longs;i com<lb/>primantur, occludant ob&longs;cura illa: hæreánt<lb/>que catino ex o&longs;culis C, & D, fi&longs;tulæ duæ, <lb/>dextra ac &longs;ini&longs;tra producantur E, & F, & <lb/>modiolis in&longs;erantur in G, & in H. </s>

<s id="s.000207">Modioli <lb/>inanes &longs;unt, & in aqua mer&longs;i, in imo haben<lb/>tes foramina K, & L, in medio: &longs;upra quæ <lb/>axes cum corio vt in catino, qui eleuari po&longs;<lb/>&longs;int ad &longs;uperiùs: cùm verò premuntur o&longs;cula, <lb/>ad vnguem concludant. </s>

<s id="s.000208">In modiolis autem <lb/>emboli ma&longs;culi M, & N, torno politi, & oleo <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg19"/><lb/>&longs;ubacti, vt modiolos ad amu&longs;&longs;im impleant: <lb/>inde vectibus & tegulis ita &longs;int aptati, vt vl<lb/>trò, citróque permeantes, cùm M, a&longs;cendit, <lb/>exinanitúrque &longs;ubiectum vas, alterna vice <lb/>N, de&longs;cendat, & impleat embolum, expri<lb/>mátque quicquid in eo continetur. </s>

<s id="s.000209">Hac ra<lb/>tione parata cùm ex O, trahitur M, embo<lb/>lus ma&longs;culus, locus Q, modioli exinanitur: <lb/>quare eleuatur axis & corium &longs;uprà K, aquá<lb/>que a&longs;cendit donec impleatur modiolus ex <lb/>primi motus ratione: interim verò cùm N, <lb/>pre&longs;&longs;us &longs;it, incipiat ex imo trahi alterno mo<lb/>tu, <expan abbr="de&longs;cendétq;">de&longs;cendétque</expan> M, embolus <expan abbr="cúmq;">cúmque</expan> aqua, quæ <lb/>in &longs;patio Q, continebatur non po&longs;&longs;it effluere, <lb/>M, concludente &longs;uperiùs modioli capacita<lb/>tem ad vnguem: nec de&longs;cendere per K, quo<lb/>niam axis foramen premit, & quò magis vr<lb/>getur pondere & impetu ex &longs;uperiore loco <lb/>ab aqua, ita magis exqui&longs;itè hæret K, fora<lb/>mini: &longs;equitur vt aqua per G, exeat, qua &longs;o<lb/>lùm exitus patet, a&longs;cendén&longs;que per fi&longs;tulam <lb/>E, ingreditur eleuans operculum in catinum <lb/>per C, <expan abbr="foram&etilde;">foramen</expan>, donec catinus impleatur: pò&longs;t <lb/>ce&longs;&longs;ante impul&longs;u ex E, &longs;ub&longs;idet corium, & <lb/>axis in C, vá&longs;que A, plenum manet. </s>

<s id="s.000210">Interim <lb/>verò dnm M, ad K, de&longs;cendit, N, ad &longs;ummum <lb/>modioli <expan abbr="a&longs;c&etilde;dit">a&longs;cendit</expan>, modiolú&longs;que impletur aqua <lb/>eadem ratione: vnde cum rur&longs;us premitur, <lb/>exprimit aquam per H, in F, & per D, eadem <lb/>ratione in modiolum, qui cùm iam plenus &longs;it <lb/>aqua, nec illa per C, regredi po&longs;&longs;it, cùm axis <lb/>& corium eò magis hæreant foramini, quò <lb/>magis ab aqua ex &longs;uperiore parte premun<lb/>tur, &longs;equitur vt ex &longs;ecundi motus naturalis <lb/>ratione, quo etiam grauia &longs;ursùm feruntur, <lb/>vt aqua per A, in B, a&longs;cendens effundatur, at<lb/>que ita alternante motu ac pleno &longs;emper ca<lb/>tino, vt effluere ex imo K, & L, in altum a&longs;<lb/>cendens, quantumlibet per B, nunquam de<lb/>&longs;inat. </s>

<s id="s.000211"><margin.target id="marg19"/>Vitruuius <lb/>lib.

<s id="s.000001">Title page and dedication missing<pb xlink:href="016/01/001.jpg"/>Title page and dedication missing<pb xlink:href="016/01/002.jpg"/>Title page and dedication missing<pb xlink:href="016/01/003.jpg"/>Title page and dedication missing<pb xlink:href="016/01/004.jpg"/>Title page and dedication missing</s><pb xlink:href="016/01/005.jpg"/></section> </front> <body> <chap> <pb xlink:href="016/01/006.jpg" pagenum="357"/><figure id="id.016.01.006.1.jpg" xlink:href="016/01/006/1.jpg"/>

10. 6. 12.</s>

<s id="s.000002"><emph type="center"/>DE SVBTILITATE.<emph.end type="center"/></s>

<s id="s.000212">Eiu&longs;dem argumenti e&longs;t tuba nauium, qua <lb/>&longs;olent naues aqua periclitantes euacuare. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000003"><emph type="center"/>LIBER PRIMVS.<emph.end type="center"/></s>

<s id="s.000213">Cuius exemplo con&longs;tructa e&longs;t machina Bar<lb/>tholomæi Brambillæ, quam nos vidimus <lb/>Mediolani, nulla ex parte antiquis artificio <lb/>inferior. </s>

<s id="s.000004"><emph type="center"/>DE PRINCIPIIS, MATERIA, FORMA, VACVO,<emph.end type="center"/></s>

<s id="s.000005"><emph type="center"/>corporum repugnantia, motu Naturali, & Loco.<emph.end type="center"/></s>

<s id="s.000214">Machina Brambilica.</s>

<s id="s.000006">PROPOSITVM no&longs;tri ne<arrow.to.target n="marg1"/><lb/>gotij in hoc Opere e&longs;t, de <lb/>Subtilitate tractare. </s>

<s id="s.000215">BD, tuba, inanis in<lb/>tus, lignea, rotunda, ve<lb/>ctibus & regulis fixa, <lb/>latior parte &longs;uperiore <lb/>tota DM, inferiore ar<lb/>ctior: qua parte exci<lb/>pitur C, va&longs;e aquæ im<lb/>mer&longs;o, & vndique à la<lb/>teribus perforato, vt <lb/>aqua ingredi po&longs;&longs;it: la<lb/>pilli autem & arena <lb/>minimè, fundo va&longs;is C, <lb/>&longs;olido. </s>

<s id="s.000007">E&longs;t au<lb/>tem &longs;ubtilitas ratio quædam, <lb/>qua &longs;en&longs;ibilia à &longs;en&longs;ibus, in<lb/>telligibilia ab intellectu, dif<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg2"/><lb/>ficilè compræhenduntur. </s>

<s id="s.000216">Sic fiet vt tuba <lb/>aquam ex va&longs;e puram, <lb/>cùm opus fuerit, non <lb/>lapillos aut arenam, <lb/>quibus machina impe<lb/>diretur, hauriat. </s>

<s id="s.000217">In loco <lb/>M, vbi arctior pars la<lb/>tiori committitur, co<lb/>rium &longs;uperiùs ex parte <lb/>M, annectitur, cui &longs;u<lb/>perimminet lamina te<lb/>nuis plumbea, vt cùm <lb/>eleuetur ex parte Q, <lb/>pondere &longs;uo denuò cadat, & integat canalem <lb/>L, exqui&longs;ite. </s>

<s id="s.000008">Ergo &longs;i &longs;ingula, qu&ecedil; <lb/>&longs;ubtilitate con&longs;tant, magnum etiam per &longs;e <lb/>exhibent negotium, &longs;untque difficillima, <lb/>quid rogo de ea tractatione dicendum erit, <lb/>in qua omnis &longs;ubtilitatis ratio explicanda <lb/>e&longs;t? </s>

<s id="s.000218">Embolus autem ma&longs;culus AE, <lb/>minor tubæ latitudine, &longs;ed <expan abbr="tam&etilde;">tamen</expan> in &longs;upremo, <lb/>vbi e&longs;t D, ad amu&longs;&longs;im ob&longs;truat tubæ <expan abbr="foram&etilde;">foramen</expan>. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000219">Inane autem &longs;it OP. </s>

<s id="s.000009">Idque &longs;olùm apertum & facilè videri <lb/>pote&longs;t, quod in vnaquaque di&longs;ciplina e&longs;t <lb/>ob&longs;curi&longs;&longs;imum. </s>

<s id="s.000220">Ex imo emboli tres vir<lb/>gæ ferreæ &longs;olidæ prodeant, ad latera tubæ in<lb/>tus pertingentes, quas corio circumue&longs;ties, <lb/>ne contactu tubam exulcerent. </s>

<s id="s.000221">Hæ tripodis <lb/>imaginem referunt, inferiùs latiores ac ma<lb/>gis di&longs;tantes, vbi F, quàm &longs;uperiùs vbi E. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000010">Maiu&longs;que nobis negotium <lb/>&longs;upere&longs;t in ip&longs;ius rei tractatione, quàm in <lb/>ip&longs;a re. </s>

<s id="s.000222">Manife&longs;tum e&longs;t igitur, totum &longs;patium iuxta <lb/>N, e&longs;&longs;e inane, nec præter virgulas aliquid <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e in eo: quo fit vt peruia &longs;it vita ex O, & <lb/>P, in N, atque vici&longs;&longs;im ex N, in O, & P: <expan abbr="tot&utilde;">totum</expan> <pb pagenum="362" xlink:href="016/01/011.jpg"/>enim &longs;patium &longs;upra F, inane e&longs;t, nec in eo <lb/>aliquid continetur præter embolum & vir<lb/>gulas. </s>

<s id="s.000223">In imo harum virgularum circulus F, <lb/>câpitibus earum annexus con&longs;tituatur, nec <lb/>totus inanis, &longs;ed in medio tantùm, & vbi <lb/>foramen relinquitur, corio &longs;upernè, ac &longs;u<lb/>per corium plumbi lamina tenui, vt in M, <lb/>dictum e&longs;t, integatur, &longs;ic vt cùm integitur, <lb/>ne aër po&longs;&longs;it tran&longs;ire, & corium tamen cum <lb/>plumbo eleuari po&longs;&longs;it ver&longs;us N, & foramen <lb/>ip&longs;um detegere. </s>

<s id="s.000011">Cum enim &longs;cribentes in quatuor <lb/>laborent generibus, rerum ob&longs;curitate, in<lb/>certorum dubitatione, cau&longs;arum inuentio<lb/>ne, rectaque earum explicatione, omnia <lb/>hæc hoc in libro cumulatiùs habentur. </s>

<s id="s.000224">Hoc itaque fiet, &longs;i corium <lb/>media qua&longs;i parte annexum fuerit circulo, <lb/>capita virgarum continente: reliqua parte <lb/>di&longs;iunctum, ac &longs;olùm ad amu&longs;&longs;im foramen <lb/>illud, cùm hæret, occludens. </s>

<s id="s.000225">Ex ip&longs;is rur&longs;us <lb/>virgarum capitibus tres aliæ virgæ rectà <lb/>prodeant, lateribus intror&longs;um tubæ hæren<lb/>tes. </s>

<s id="s.000012">Si <lb/>ob&longs;curitas difficultatem parit, hic liber &longs;o<lb/>lùm ob&longs;curi&longs;&longs;ima &longs;eligit. </s>

<s id="s.000226">Has corium circumambit vndequaque <lb/>ab F, &longs;uprema parte v&longs;que in G, hærens ad <lb/>amu&longs;&longs;im lateribus tubæ intror&longs;um, ne vel aër <lb/>ex K, in N, po&longs;&longs;it permeare. </s>

<s id="s.000227">Ita fiet in H, mo<lb/>diolum, &longs;ed inuer&longs;um, videatur: e&longs;t enim fun<lb/>dus F, & corio circumue&longs;titus vndequaque <lb/>tereti forma, & in G, apertus ac patens. </s>

<s id="s.000013">Si certò &longs;cire &longs;em<lb/>per laborio&longs;um fuit: quid hoc argumento <lb/>laborio&longs;ius? </s>

<s id="s.000228">Quo <lb/>peracto ita aptetur A, embolus, vt citrò, vl<lb/>tróque commeare modò de&longs;cendendo v&longs;que <lb/>ad M, parte G, ima modioli inuer&longs;i, modò <lb/>&longs;ursùm vbi nunc pingitur, retrahi po&longs;&longs;it. </s>

<s id="s.000229">His <lb/>itaque &longs;ic di&longs;po&longs;itis, iaceat G, &longs;uper M Q, & <lb/>incipiat eleuari, tunc aër contentus in &longs;patio <lb/>H, rarior factus demùm trahit Q, & eleuat: <lb/>cuius &longs;ucce&longs;&longs;u a&longs;cendit aër ex L, in K, &longs;pa<lb/>tium, huius &longs;ucce&longs;&longs;u aqua a&longs;cendit ex B, in <lb/>L. </s>

<s id="s.000014">vbi habeam quos fugiam, vt <lb/>Plinium & Albertum, quibus nulla in hoc <lb/>genere, quòd palàm mentiantur, fides ha<lb/>betur, quos &longs;equar non habeam. </s>

<s id="s.000230">Cùm autem embolus de&longs;cendit aëris im<lb/>pul&longs;u, & plumbi grauitate, illicò Q, de&longs;cen<lb/>dit: quare aqua, quæ e&longs;t in L, nece&longs;&longs;ariò ma<lb/>net: nam reclu&longs;o operculo MQ, &longs;i aqua de&longs;<lb/>cenderet, conuelleretur modicus ille aër, qui <lb/>e&longs;&longs;et in &longs;uprema parte L, &longs;upra aquam, cùm <lb/>non po&longs;&longs;it alium haurire aërem ex K, pro<lb/>pter periculum MQ: aër verò qui in K, con<lb/>tinebatur, dum de&longs;cendit per G, eleuans <lb/>operculum F, effugit &longs;patium O, & per P, <lb/>foramen exit foràs: ita &longs;æpiùs repetito a&longs;cen<lb/>&longs;u, de&longs;cen&longs;úque G, & emboli, impletur lo<lb/>cus L, aqua, pò&longs;t rur&longs;us eleuato G, & ob <lb/>motus primi rationem, ne aër in K, nimis <lb/>conuellatur, eleuato Q M, operculo aqua <lb/>ingreditur, &longs;patium K, donec impleatur, & <lb/>&longs;imul cum eo &longs;patium H, quod (vt dixi) com<lb/>mune e&longs;t cum K, quia G, e&longs;t medioli os pa<lb/>tens, & nulla ex parte conclu&longs;um. </s>

<s id="s.000231">Sic igitur <lb/>iam plenum, & rur&longs;us embolus de&longs;cendat: <lb/>aqua igitur quæ in H, e&longs;t, eleuabit opercu<lb/>lum F, & implebit &longs;patia N, & O. </s>

<s id="s.000015">Et tamen <lb/>&longs;i non omnia mihi ad vnguem fuerint ex<lb/>plorata, operam ( vt dici &longs;olet ) & oleum <lb/>perdam. </s>

<s id="s.000232">Cùm au<lb/>tem &longs;ursùm trahitur embolus, ne aqua, quæ <lb/>in O. a&longs;cenderat, rursùm de&longs;cendat, prohibet <lb/>operculum in F, quod grauitate tum propria, <lb/>tum aquæ &longs;uperincumbentis, cadens obturat <lb/>foramen. </s>

<s id="s.000233">Itaque con&longs;tat hac machina aquam <lb/>&longs;emper a&longs;cendere, & nunquam po&longs;&longs;e de&longs;<lb/>cendere: vnde cùm peruenerit ad P, effun<lb/>ditur per P, os tubæ in locum, quem volue<lb/>ris, tuncque minimo labore quantum voles <lb/>aquæ ex B, exhauries: nam plena iam tuba <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg20"/><lb/>facilior fit motus emboli A. </s>

<s id="s.000016">Quid de cau&longs;is dicam? </s>

<s id="s.000234">Tubæ verò qui<lb/>bus &longs;iccantur naues, tum fontes & &longs;caturigi<lb/>nes aquarum, &longs;impliciore con&longs;tructione con<lb/>&longs;tant. </s>

<s id="s.000235">Manente ratione B, & C, ne lapides <lb/>machinam impediant, embolus quatuor <lb/>habet corij fru&longs;ta in imo, & totidem iuxtà, <lb/>duorum tamen cubitorum, aut paulò plus <lb/>&longs;patio di&longs;tincta, quæ &longs;upernè alligantur. </s>

<s id="s.000017">quos omni<lb/>bus intactas, velut tamen ex Oraculo quo<lb/>dam acceptas, depromere oportet. </s>

<s id="s.000236">Pal<lb/>mi longitudo e&longs;t eorum: & vt trahuntur, <lb/>aqua ingreditur vacui ratione: cùm de&longs;cen<lb/>dunt, dilatantur propter aëris impul&longs;um, &longs;ed <lb/>& ob celeritatem aliquid rur&longs;us permeat <lb/>aquæ &longs;uperiùs. </s>

<s id="s.000237">Itaque non &longs;olùm trahen<lb/>do, &longs;ed & premendo aqua a&longs;cendit. </s>

<s id="s.000018">At Ora<lb/>culis fides ab&longs;que demon&longs;tratione habeba<lb/>tur: nobis, &longs;i eam non addiderimus, nulla <lb/>dabitur. </s>

<s id="s.000238">Iam igi<lb/>tur declarauimus exemplum quietis, quæ <lb/>fit per vacui fugam, hanc tamen docui<lb/>mus potiùs debere dici raritatis violentiam: </s>

<s id="s.000019">Intentata pror&longs;us tot &longs;eculis vel res <lb/>ip&longs;as &longs;cientibus Philo&longs;ophis, quæ nunc à <lb/>me vno &longs;unt explicanda. </s>

<s id="s.000239"><margin.target id="marg20"/>Tubæ <expan abbr="hauri&etilde;-tes">haurien<lb/>tes</expan> aquas.</s>

<s id="s.000020">Quædam etiam <lb/>cùm de&longs;ierint, aut nuper &longs;int inuenta, nomi<lb/>nibus aut carent, aut nomina rebus ip&longs;is. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000021">Porrò nomina inuenire nouis rebus, & &longs;e<lb/>ne&longs;cente lingua difficillimum e&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.000240">Horologij <lb/>mola.<lb/>fit enim à forma elementi fu<lb/>gientis maiorem, quam ei con<lb/>uenire po&longs;&longs;it, raritatem. </s>

<s id="s.000022">Et &longs;i inue<lb/>nero, vt calumniam non &longs;ubeam eorum, <lb/>qui nuper de his &longs;crip&longs;erunt, iudicium ad<lb/>iicere cogor. </s>

<s id="s.000241">Sic ea<lb/>dem ratione appellabimus im<lb/>pul&longs;um, &longs;eu &longs;it motus, &longs;eu quies, <lb/>à den&longs;itate, &longs;icut tertium ele<lb/>menti motum, &longs;eu grauis &longs;it, &longs;eu <lb/>leuis. </s>

<s id="s.000242">Exemplo igitur lucernæ <lb/>quies olei in &longs;uprema parte <lb/>o&longs;ten&longs;a e&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.000023">In reliquo, ne Oedipus ip&longs;e <lb/>Lectori &longs;atisfaciat. </s>

<s id="s.000243">Secundo autem <lb/>exemplo motus attractionis ob <lb/>raritatem, & impul&longs;us ob den<lb/>&longs;itatem, in machina Cte&longs;ibica <lb/>demon&longs;tratur. </s>

<s id="s.000244">Hoc tertio &longs;imi<lb/>liter <expan abbr="vtriu&longs;q;">vtriu&longs;que</expan> motus exemplar, <lb/>ac quietis etiam grauis præter <lb/>naturam. </s>

<s id="s.000024">Itaque cùm rem ad<lb/>modum laborio&longs;am aggre&longs;&longs;i &longs;imus, non ta<lb/>men pro laboris magnitudine, operi ip&longs;i <lb/>præmij vice vtilitatis & gloriæ tantundem <lb/>accedet. </s>

<s id="s.000245">Supere&longs;t modò, vt <lb/>motum à &longs;ola raritate, &longs;eu à va<lb/>cuo quarto exemplo doceamus: <lb/>verùm id inferiùs exponere <lb/>oportet, ratione quadam &longs;in<lb/>gulari, cùm motus elemento<lb/>rum docebimus. </s>

<s id="s.000246">Nunc verò <lb/>motum qui ob &longs;olam fit den&longs;i<lb/>tatem aggrediemur, cuius <lb/>exemplum in tormentis bellicis <lb/>patuit, in quibus impul&longs;us mo<lb/>tus &longs;olum apparet. </s>

<s id="s.000025">Erant & quædam præter hæc ab <lb/>antiquis non rectè tractata. </s>

<s id="s.000026">Sed in his non <lb/>laboro, cùm nulla &longs;it authoritas aduer&longs;us ex<lb/>perimenta &longs;cribentibus. </s>

<s id="s.000247">Eiu&longs;dem planè generis e&longs;t <lb/>motus, qui fit in molis horologiorum, &longs;i<lb/>cut bali&longs;tarum ex raritate, tum &longs;corpio<lb/>num, ac eiu&longs;cemodi generis tormentorum: <lb/>nam cùm nimium tenditur neruus, vt &longs;e <lb/>contrahat, impul&longs;u mouetur acriore, ac <lb/>impo&longs;itum lapidem, aut &longs;agittam impel<lb/>lit. </s>

<s id="s.000248">Itaque ad motum raritatis hæc ratio re<lb/>ducitur. </s>

<s id="s.000027">Ergo tot & tanta <lb/>&longs;unt difficultatis argumenta in hac tracta<lb/>tione. </s>

<s id="s.000249">Contraria igitur ( vr dixi ) ratio<lb/>ne, mola torquetur in horologio: nam <lb/>chalybs mollis redditus, in tenuem bra<lb/>cteam prolongam & &longs;trictam, vt in figu<lb/>ra vides, redigitur; inde per vim in or<lb/>bem arcti&longs;&longs;ime colligitur, cap&longs;ulæque in<lb/>cluditur. </s>

<s id="s.000250">Funis autem tenuis, &longs;ed validior, <lb/>circumuoluitur cap&longs;ulæ, cuius extremum <lb/>axi rotæ latiori nectitur. </s>

<s id="s.000028">Sed vt ad rem ip&longs;am reuertar, quan<lb/>quam ob&longs;cura tenuia &longs;int plerunque, & exi<lb/>lia &longs;ubtilia, non tamen omnia neque &longs;em<lb/>per. </s>

<s id="s.000251">Ita fit, vt dum <lb/>chalybs den&longs;itate nimia pre&longs;&longs;us tenditur, <lb/>cap&longs;ulam circumuoluat, quæ trahit funem: <lb/>inde axis &longs;en&longs;im circumuolutus, rota à qua <lb/>denticulis implicatis aliæ circumaguntur, <lb/>&longs;ecum agit. </s>

<s id="s.000252">Sextum exemplum e&longs;t, quónam <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg21"/><lb/>pacto quies ex impul&longs;u po&longs;&longs;it contingere. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000029">Quæ enim verborum vitio potiùs quàm <lb/>arte vlla ob&longs;cura &longs;unt atque implicata, ve<lb/>lut nodi fortuitò in &longs;eip&longs;os redeuntes, tum <lb/>quæ &longs;en&longs;u tenuia videntur, haud tamen den<lb/>&longs;a, hæc &longs;ubtilitatis nomen non merentur. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000253">Huius generis e&longs;t vrceus aqua plenus fi&longs;tu<lb/>lam inanem habens: cùm enim fi&longs;tula ver<lb/>titur inferiùs, aqua ip&longs;a pendere vide<lb/>tur. </s>

<s id="s.000254">Simili ratione lapides &longs;uper aquam <lb/>iacti re&longs;iliunt: & &longs;itula aqua plena cir<lb/>cumuelociter acta, non effundit aquam: <lb/>quia cùm tempus de&longs;it aëris diui&longs;ioni, ne <pb pagenum="363" xlink:href="016/01/012.jpg"/>nimium comprimatur, aqua &longs;ub&longs;i&longs;tit. </s>

<s id="s.000030">Talia &longs;unt gracilia hominum crura ab ini<lb/>tio praua nutritione, aliove ca&longs;u oblæ&longs;a. </s>

<s id="s.000255">Ea<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg22"/><lb/>dem ratione plumbea lamina lata aquæ &longs;u<lb/>pernatat: nam de&longs;cendendo partes, quæ in <lb/>medio &longs;unt, non habentes, quò diffugiant, <lb/>nimium comprimerentur: vel &longs;i antè di<lb/>labantur, vacuum relinqui in medio ne<lb/>ce&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t: non pote&longs;t igitur vllo pacto de&longs;<lb/>cendere, ni&longs;i ad vnam partem priùs incli<lb/>netur. </s>

<s id="s.000031"><margin.target id="marg1"/>Subtilitatis <lb/>definitio.</s>

<s id="s.000256"><margin.target id="marg21"/>Situla aqua <lb/>plena <expan abbr="circ&utilde;-uoluta">circun<lb/>uoluta</expan> cur <lb/>non effunda<lb/>tur.</s>

<s id="s.000032"><margin.target id="marg2"/>Difficultas <lb/>in opere <lb/>&longs;cribendo.</s>

<s id="s.000033">Con&longs;tat ergo &longs;ubtilitas in tribus &longs;ub&longs;tan<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg3"/><lb/>tiis, accidentibus, ac repræ&longs;entationibus. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000257"><margin.target id="marg22"/>Plumbea, la<lb/>mina lata &longs;i <lb/>æqualiter <lb/>aqua in&longs;i<lb/>&longs;tat, mergi <lb/>cur non po&longs;<lb/>&longs;it.</s>

<s id="s.000034">Eorum enim quorum e&longs;t &longs;cientia aliqua, <lb/>quædam &longs;unt, quædam autem non, &longs;ed &longs;o<lb/>lùm e&longs;&longs;e videntur. </s>

<s id="s.000258">Quòd igitur à raritate fiant hæc, & quo<lb/>modo, o&longs;ten&longs;um e&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.000035">Quæ videntur, alia qui<lb/>dem nobis dormientibus, alia autem vigi<lb/>lantibus alia per interiores &longs;en&longs;us, alia verò <lb/>per externos. </s>

<s id="s.000259">Operæpretium autem <lb/>erit, vt demon&longs;tremus, hos motus à vacuo <lb/>nulla ratione fieri po&longs;&longs;e. </s>

<s id="s.000260">Hoc autem infrà per <lb/>exqui&longs;itas rationes declarabitur. </s>

<s id="s.000036">Externi &longs;en&longs;us, quorum e&longs;t <lb/>ratio habenda, quatuor &longs;unt: tactus, vi&longs;us, <lb/>olfactus, auditus. </s>

<s id="s.000261">Nunc autem <lb/>&longs;ufficiat tantum declara&longs;&longs;e &longs;en&longs;ibili quodam <lb/>experimento, quantum ad rationem in&longs;tru<lb/>mentorum docendam &longs;ufficiat. </s>

<s id="s.000262">Nam &longs;i fati&longs;<lb/>cant rimis machinæ, iam nullus vacui metus <lb/>e&longs;t, & tamen trahunt, &longs;ed tantò debilius, & <lb/>maiore difficultate, quantò hiant magis. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000037">Nam gu&longs;tus qua&longs;i con<lb/>temnendus e&longs;&longs;e videtur. </s>

<s id="s.000263">Hócque fundamento machinæ omnes con<lb/>&longs;tant, quæ alioquin ab indiui&longs;ibili quadam <lb/>ratione pendêrent, e&longs;&longs;étque ob id omnes &longs;ta<lb/>tim inutiles, vel &longs;altem non diuturnæ. </s>

<s id="s.000264">In non <lb/>exactis ergo operibus atque vetu&longs;tis manet <lb/>etiam v&longs;us: fru&longs;tatio verò pro erroris magni<lb/>tudine. </s>

<s id="s.000038">Horum &longs;ingulis <lb/>quadrifariam repræ&longs;entatio contingit: vel <lb/>quia non percipiunt quæ percipere debent, <lb/>velut cùm caro acu citra dolorem perfora<lb/>tur: vel quia percipiunt, quod non e&longs;t, vt <lb/>ec&longs;ta&longs;i ac &longs;omniis: vel aliter quàm &longs;int, vt <lb/>magnitudines aut colores: aut non &longs;imili <lb/>ratione, vt in imagine. </s>

<s id="s.000265">Attractio igitur à forma fit, quæ <expan abbr="d&utilde;">dum</expan> <lb/>metuit aliam con&longs;equi raritatem, ne pereat, <lb/>quantum pote&longs;t, re&longs;i&longs;tit. </s>

<s id="s.000266">O&longs;tendimur enim <lb/>&longs;uperiùs, mutata &longs;ub&longs;tantia atque den&longs;itate, <lb/>mutari quoque formam. </s>

<s id="s.000039">Videntur rur&longs;us &longs;ub <lb/>hoc genere plura e&longs;&longs;e, &longs;ed non &longs;unt. </s>

<s id="s.000267">Quòd &longs;i metu vacui <lb/>fieret attractio, qua&longs;i con&longs;entiente vniuer&longs;o, <lb/>e&longs;&longs;et hæc attractio infinita, &longs;ed non e&longs;t, ve<lb/>rùm pro quantitate formæ, & elementi ac <lb/>in&longs;trumenti continentis. </s>

<s id="s.000268">Nam canalis paruus <lb/>aquam modicam haurit, nec trahit plumbi <lb/>magnam molem. </s>

<s id="s.000040">Nam <lb/>oratio, auditus: pictura, &longs;culptura, vi&longs;us, &longs;pe<lb/>cies imaginantis virtutis: &longs;criptura autem <lb/>vi&longs;u & auditu con&longs;tare videtur: vtraque au<lb/>tem, tam &longs;criptura quàm oratio, auxilio in<lb/>terioris &longs;en&longs;us con&longs;tant. </s>

<s id="s.000269">Indicio igitur hoc e&longs;t, à <lb/>forma fieri <expan abbr="hãc">hanc</expan> attractionem, & pro viribus <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg23"/><lb/>eius atque magnitudine. </s>

<s id="s.000270">E&longs;t & tertia conie<lb/>ctura, quòd plana quæ non fati&longs;cunt, <expan abbr="attam&etilde;">attamen</expan> <lb/>di&longs;iunguntur. </s>

<s id="s.000041">Quæ autem &longs;unt, <lb/>alia quidem &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ, alia accidentia. </s>

<s id="s.000271">At hoc fieri nequiret, ni&longs;i ad<lb/>mi&longs;&longs;o vacuo. </s>

<s id="s.000272">Inter plana igitur quæcunque <lb/>dum clauduntur, aër intercipitur, qui vetat <lb/>plana di&longs;iungi quoad licet. </s>

<s id="s.000042">Sub<lb/>&longs;tantiarum aliæ quidem corporeæ, aliæ cor<lb/>pore carent: atque hæ omnes immortales <lb/>atque incorruptibiles: carent enim contra<lb/>rio, & in &longs;eip&longs;is &longs;ub&longs;i&longs;tunt. </s>

<s id="s.000273">Sed cum (vt dixi) <lb/>pro &longs;ui robore &longs;olùm impediat, maiore nixu <lb/>vincitur. </s>

<s id="s.000274">Solùm illud obiicies, quòd à minore <lb/>aëre minùs hæc di&longs;iunctio impediretur, at <lb/>magis tamen impeditur. </s>

<s id="s.000043">Quæ igitur incor<lb/>poreæ, aliæ quidem à nullis pendent, &longs;ed <lb/>aliorum &longs;unt cau&longs;æ, aliæ ab aliis. </s>

<s id="s.000275">Vt enim magis pla<lb/>na ad vnguem coierint, eò minùs aëris inter<lb/>cipitur, & tamen eò difficilius diuelluntur. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000276">Sed cau&longs;a e&longs;t, quia magis nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t aërem <lb/>illum à propria forma recedere, quò magis <lb/>rare&longs;cit. </s>

<s id="s.000044">Quæ à <lb/>nullis pendeat, vna tantùm e&longs;t, Deus opti<lb/>mus atque immen&longs;us, cuius fabrica e&longs;t <lb/>vniuer&longs;um ip&longs;um. </s>

<s id="s.000277"><expan abbr="Cõ&longs;equitur">Con&longs;equitur</expan> enim, vt dictum e&longs;t, alia <lb/>&longs;ub&longs;tantia quædam, & noua generatio, quæ <lb/>vt à priore magis recedit, eò maiore labore <lb/><expan abbr="cõficitur">conficitur</expan>. </s>

<s id="s.000278">At dices: Aëre rarefacto, quid aliud <lb/>pote&longs;t generari quàm ignis? </s>

<s id="s.000045">De illius intellectu, &longs;a<lb/>pientia ac pote&longs;tate bonitatéque, inde de <lb/>vniuer&longs;i ortu, extremo loco tanquam de <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg4"/><lb/>perfecti&longs;&longs;imo dicendum erit. </s>

<s id="s.000279">Ignis autem ca<lb/>lidi&longs;&longs;imus: at inter plana nulla e&longs;t manife&longs;ta <lb/>caliditas, imò frigus. </s>

<s id="s.000280">Sed non e&longs;t ignis &longs;eu <lb/>æther calidus: hoc enim inferiùs declarabi<lb/>tur. </s>

<s id="s.000281">Quod enim humidum e&longs;t, &longs;i attenuetur, <lb/>non in ignem, &longs;ed in ætheris tran&longs;it natu<lb/>ram: aër autem humidus, & æther minimè <lb/>calidus e&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.000282">Confe&longs;tim verò alio in ingredien<lb/>te aëre, fit mixtio. </s>

<s id="s.000283"><margin.target id="marg23"/>Plana iun<lb/>cta quomodo <lb/>di&longs;iungi po&longs;<lb/>&longs;int.</s>

<s id="s.000284">Hæc &longs;atis &longs;int de his motibus duobus prio<lb/>ribus, tum quiete, quæ ab eis fit, exempla, <lb/>cùm hîc non &longs;it præ&longs;entis in&longs;tituti de ma<lb/>chinis loqui, &longs;ed in duodecimo libro de <expan abbr="Rer&utilde;">Rerum</expan> <lb/>varietate. </s>

<s id="s.000285">His ad vnguem tot exempla ex<lb/>plica&longs;&longs;e &longs;ufficiat, quot etiam modos: &longs;ex enim <lb/>modis &longs;ena &longs;ufficiunt exempla. </s>

<s id="s.000286">Ergo grauia <lb/>deor&longs;um moueri, leuia &longs;ursùm, palàm e&longs;t. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000287">Sed &longs;uperaddunt quidam ne hoc contenti, <lb/>leuia grauibus velle &longs;upere&longs;&longs;e, vnde etiam <lb/>aër &longs;i &longs;ub aqua exi&longs;tat, quamvis in propria <lb/>regione, &longs;uperiùs tamen emergere nititur: vt <lb/>in vrceis manife&longs;tum e&longs;t, cum &longs;emipleni ver<lb/>tuntur: & in ve&longs;ica aëre plena, quæ aquæ im<lb/>mer&longs;a e&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.000288">Sed non e&longs;t hic motus alius à pri<lb/>mo: nam aqua ip&longs;a cum &longs;it in &longs;ublimi, cona<lb/>tur, de&longs;cendere, & ad illius de&longs;cen&longs;um aër ne <lb/>nimium con&longs;tringatur, a&longs;cendit. </s>

<s id="s.000289">Sed in ve<lb/>&longs;ica, quæ in flumine e&longs;t, cum aër &longs;it in loco <lb/>aquæ, a&longs;cendere nititur: igitur &longs;ufficiet vna <lb/>ratio motus in elementis ad locum &longs;unum. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000290">Quòd autem aqua ve&longs;icam impellat &longs;ursùm, <lb/>non aër a&longs;cendat, patet, quoniam ve&longs;ica &longs;ub <lb/>terra po&longs;ita non a&longs;cendit. </s>

<s id="s.000291">Quod verò dubitatione magis dignum e&longs;t, <lb/>id e&longs;t: Quomodo aqua tantùm a&longs;cendat, <lb/>quantùm de&longs;cendere pote&longs;t, dum à motu ra<lb/>ritatis adiuuatur: id ip&longs;um plenius exemplo <lb/>patebit. <lb/><figure id="id.016.01.012.1.jpg" xlink:href="016/01/012/1.jpg"/><lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg24"/></s>

<s id="s.000292"><margin.target id="marg24"/>Quomodo <lb/>aqua <expan abbr="tant&utilde;">tantum</expan> <lb/>a&longs;cendat, <lb/>quantum <lb/>pote&longs;t de&longs;<lb/>cendere.</s>

<s id="s.000293">Vas &longs;it aqua plenum, cuius &longs;upremum E, <lb/>imum F, in quo canalis A B C. </s>

<s id="s.000294">Sit autem <lb/>CD, linea æqualiter à finitore di&longs;tans, &longs;ecun<lb/>dùm quem libella ducitur. </s>

<s id="s.000295">Impleatur autem <lb/>canalis ABC, aqua, & emittetur aqua per <lb/>C, dico, quòd exhauriet quicquid e&longs;t aquæ <lb/>&longs;upra C D, lineam: nihil autem eius quod <lb/>e&longs;t infra C D, lineam, &longs;ed canalis plenus <lb/>pendebit, & vas v&longs;que ad CD, aqua plenum <lb/>con&longs;picietur. </s>

<s id="s.000296">Hoc itaque &longs;ic e&longs;&longs;e, declarat <lb/>exemplum. </s>

<s id="s.000297">For&longs;an quis dicat, hæc ad aquæ <lb/>tractationem debui&longs;&longs;e transferri: &longs;ed non <lb/>oportuit, quandoquidem &longs;eu aqua, &longs;eu vino, <lb/>oleo, lactéve vas plenum fuerit, nihil inter<lb/>&longs;it. </s>

<s id="s.000298">Itaque huius experimenti potiùs ratio <lb/>reddenda e&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.000299">Aqua igitur quæ &longs;upra C D, <lb/>e&longs;t, quum tanta ad vnguem &longs;it, quæ a&longs;cendit, <lb/>quanta e&longs;t illa, quæ ex C, effunditur, &longs;eu ca<lb/>nalis latior &longs;it in C, quàm in A, &longs;eu arctior, <lb/>quia &longs;emper totus canalis ad vnguem ple<lb/>nus e&longs;t, leuior e&longs;t aqua, quæ effunditur <lb/>per C. </s>

<s id="s.000300">Quòd verò leuior &longs;it aqua in parte <lb/>&longs;upra C D, quàm in C, cau&longs;a e&longs;t, quia <lb/>aqua &longs;upra C D, de&longs;cendere appetit, vt &longs;it <lb/>inferior illa, quæ e&longs;t in C, igitur compri<lb/>mit aquam, & in canalem impellit. </s>

<s id="s.000301">Quæ <lb/>autem e&longs;t infra C D, non appetit e&longs;&longs;e in C, <lb/>altiùs e&longs;t loco eius, ideo non vult a&longs;cende<lb/>re. </s>

<s id="s.000302">Sed aqua, quæ effluit ex C, non præ<lb/>bet con&longs;iderandi cau&longs;am, cùm tamen &longs;it hu<lb/>milior ip&longs;a aqua, quæ in va&longs;e continetur: <lb/>quia attractio illa non fit, ni&longs;i continuita<lb/>tis ratione: continuitas pendet ex ratione ra<lb/>ritatis, quæ nulla e&longs;&longs;e pote&longs;t, aqua iam <lb/>egrediente os canalis C. </s>

<s id="s.000303">Denique tota hæc <lb/>contemplatio ab&longs;oluitur hoc argumento, <pb pagenum="364" xlink:href="016/01/013.jpg"/>quòd aqua, quæ debet trahere aliam aquam <lb/>&longs;ecum, oportet vt va&longs;e contineatur, quoniam <lb/>&longs;ine illo conuelli nequit, &longs;ed ab aëre iuuatur <lb/>adueniente, & vt corpus continuum ad &etail;qui<lb/>librium perueniat. </s>

<s id="s.000304">Cùm igitur humilius e&longs;t <lb/>o&longs;culum C, ad illud perueniet: tùm autem <lb/>&longs;ublimius, non de&longs;cendet: quia quæ è directo <lb/>e&longs;t loci inferioris, vt in A, a&longs;cendere cogetur <lb/>ad C, quod e&longs;t in directo D. </s>

<s id="s.000305">Si autem aqua <lb/>de&longs;cendat primò, deinde a&longs;cendat, vt in figu<lb/>ra &longs;equente, ex A, in B, inde in E, & po&longs;tmo</s>

<s id="s.000306"><arrow.to.target n="marg25"/><lb/><figure id="id.016.01.013.1.jpg" xlink:href="016/01/013/1.jpg"/><lb/>dum in C, & in D: tunc peruenire poterit, &longs;i <lb/>D, minùs di&longs;tet à linea B C, quàm A, locus, <lb/>ex quo de&longs;cendit. </s>

<s id="s.000307">Sed oportet in &longs;ingulis &longs;pa<lb/>tiis certam e&longs;&longs;e differentiam altitudinis A, & <lb/>D. </s>

<s id="s.000308">Quantò enim longior via fuerit, eò maior <lb/>differentia A, & D, iuxta altitudinis men&longs;u<lb/>ram e&longs;&longs;e debet. </s>

<s id="s.000309">Hinc errores quorundam, qui <lb/>ad libramentum, quum conati e&longs;&longs;ent aquas <lb/>deducere, maximas iacturas impen&longs;arum &longs;u&longs;<lb/>ceperunt. </s>

<s id="s.000310">In &longs;ingulis igitur millibus pa&longs;&longs;uum, <lb/>A, altius palmo e&longs;&longs;e debet quàm D, vt in de<lb/>cem millibus pa&longs;&longs;uum decem palmis. </s>

<s id="s.000311">Cau&longs;a <lb/>huius e&longs;t, aqu&etail; rotunditas euidens, quæ etiam <lb/>in vrceorum &longs;uperficie apparet. </s>

<s id="s.000312">Vnde ad li<lb/>bramentum licet A, &longs;it altius quàm D, non <lb/>tamen erit altius quandoque loco medio in<lb/>ter A & D. </s>

<s id="s.000313">Indiget etiam impetu quodam. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000314">Sed hæc nunc præter intentum qua&longs;i &longs;unt: <lb/>voluit tamen ob magnitudinem periculi, & <lb/>erroris frequentiam, hæc &longs;ubieci&longs;&longs;e. </s>

<s id="s.000315"><margin.target id="marg25"/>Ratio <expan abbr="duc&etilde;-dæ">ducen<lb/>dæ</expan> aquæ.</s>

<s id="s.000316">Sed iam ad elementorum motum &longs;impli<lb/>cem veniamus exemplis explicandum. </s>

<s id="s.000317">Igitur <lb/>grauis motus exemplum præbent ponderum <lb/>horologia, quæ &longs;en&longs;im trahendo rotas ver<lb/>tunt. </s>

<s id="s.000318">Huiu&longs;ce autem generis infinita facilè <lb/>e&longs;&longs;et inuenire exempla. </s>

<s id="s.000319">At motus leuis hoc <lb/>vnum &longs;ubiiciatur exemplum. <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg26"/></s>

<s id="s.000320"><margin.target id="marg26"/>Modus quo <lb/>naues demer<lb/>&longs;æ gurgitibus <lb/><expan abbr="recuperãtur">recuperantur</expan>.</s>

<s id="s.000321">Cùm naues freto merguntur, quas eruere <lb/>con&longs;ilium e&longs;t, cymbæ onu&longs;tæ &longs;axis per funes <lb/>alligantur nauigio ab vrinatoribus, &longs;ic vt <lb/>funes quantum fieri pote&longs;t, tendatur, inde <lb/>totidem cymbis vacuis lapides ex prioribus <lb/>detracti excipiuntur: quo fit vt alleuatæ <lb/>cymbæ nauigium paululùm ex profundo &longs;e<lb/>cum trahant. </s>

<s id="s.000322">Nam aër cymbas, quæ pondere <lb/>lapidum fermè mergebantur, cùm aquæ &longs;ub<lb/>e&longs;&longs;e nolit, in &longs;uperficiem aquæ attollit, vnde <lb/>nauigium fermè pro cymbæ altitudine &longs;upe<lb/>riùs trahitur. </s>

<s id="s.000323">Trahatur igitur ex A, in B, tunc <lb/>cymbæ, quæ plenæ &longs;unt lapidibus illi anne<lb/>ctantur funibus, transfu&longs;i&longs;que lapidibus na<lb/>uigium trahetur in C. </s>

<s id="s.000324">Rur&longs;us priores cym<lb/>bæ, in quas lapides transfudi&longs;ti, nectuntur <lb/>ten&longs;is funibus nauigio in C, trahéntque de<lb/>ductis lapidibus ip&longs;um in D, atque perpetua <lb/>tran&longs;mutatione ad aquæ &longs;uperficiem tandem <lb/>deducetur. </s>

<s id="s.000325">Sed dices, plurimis cymbis opus <lb/>erit ad triremem educendam. </s>

<s id="s.000326">Verum e&longs;t, &longs;ed <lb/>ratio &longs;ic con&longs;tat: quælibet nauis aut cymba <lb/>tantùm ferre pote&longs;t ponderis, quantum e&longs;t <lb/>pondus aquæ, quam continere pote&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.000327">Velut <lb/>&longs;i triremis capiat in flumine mille amphoras <lb/>aquæ, quarum pondus &longs;it decem millium ta<lb/>lentorum, triremis illa in flumine decem <lb/>millia talenta feret. </s>

<s id="s.000328">Quòd &longs;i eadem in mari <lb/>capiat ( vt dixi ) ea&longs;dem mille amphoras, <lb/>quarum pondus &longs;it duodecim millium talen<lb/>torum (nam aqua maris grauior e&longs;t aqua flu<lb/>minis ) eadem in mari duodecim millia ta<lb/>lenta ponderis feret. </s>

<s id="s.000329">Atque ea ratione mani<lb/><figure id="id.016.01.013.2.jpg" xlink:href="016/01/013/2.jpg"/><lb/>fe&longs;tum e&longs;t, cur nauigia appellare &longs;oleamus à <lb/>men&longs;ura, vt nauem mille, vel quingentarum <lb/>amphorarum: idem enim e&longs;t ac &longs;i dicas, quæ <lb/>ferre pote&longs;t mille aut quingenta ponderis ta<lb/>lenta. </s>

<s id="s.000330">Nam qualis e&longs;t capacitas, vt dixi, nauis <lb/>ratione aquæ, tantùm e&longs;t pondus, quod ferre <lb/>pote&longs;t, &longs;cilicet quantum e&longs;t pondus aquæ <lb/>quam capit. </s>

<s id="s.000331">Manife&longs;tum e&longs;t igitur ex hoc, <lb/>quòd diuer&longs;a pondera eadem nauis in diuer<lb/>&longs;is aquis feret, quoniam & aquarum ip&longs;arum <lb/>diuer&longs;a &longs;unt pondera. </s>

<s id="s.000332">Iuxta verò hanc ratio<lb/>nem liquet ponderis magnitudinem e&longs;&longs;e pro <lb/>ratione impellentis aquæ. </s>

<s id="s.000333">Nam &longs;i ( vt gratia <lb/>exempli dicam) cymba viginti amphoras &longs;u<lb/>&longs;tinet, hoc e&longs;t, quia aër inclu&longs;us ab aquæ am<lb/>phoris viginti &longs;uperiùs impellitur, vt aqua <lb/>illa &longs;cilicet, quæ in naui contineretur, locum <lb/>&longs;uum recipiat. </s>

<s id="s.000334">Bellè igitur conuenit hoc ex<lb/>perimentum cum ratione, quæ &longs;uperiùs dicta <lb/>e&longs;t, &longs;cilicet ve&longs;icam aëre plenam ab aqua &longs;ur<lb/>sùm pelli, quòd ve&longs;ica aquæ locum occupet: <lb/>quare pondus pro magnitudine aquæ, quam <lb/>ve&longs;ica continere pote&longs;t, in aëre &longs;u&longs;tinebit: id <lb/>e&longs;t, ita ve&longs;icæ pondere &longs;uperimpo&longs;ito, vt ip<lb/>&longs;um pondus totum in aëre &longs;it, non in aqua. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000335">Verùm pondus, quod in aqua e&longs;t ( vt ad na</s>

<s id="s.000336"><arrow.to.target n="marg27"/><lb/>uigium eruendum rur&longs;us veniam ) tantò le<lb/>uius redditur, quantò aqua ip&longs;a grauior ex<lb/>titerit: vnde paucioribus cymbis opus erit, <lb/>quàm quæ pondus demer&longs;i nauigij ferre po&longs;<lb/>&longs;ent. </s>

<s id="s.000337">Duplici verò ratione nauigia ex gra<lb/>uioribus aquis faciliùs extrahuntur, quàm <pb pagenum="365" xlink:href="016/01/014.jpg"/>ex leuioribus: atque ideò ex mari, quàm ex <lb/>fluminibus, vel lacubus. </s>

<s id="s.000338">Altera quòd cymbæ <lb/>in mari plus &longs;u&longs;tinent ponderis: reliqua, quòd <lb/>nauigium in ea aqua minùs graue e&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.000339">Opor<lb/>tet <expan abbr="hãc">hanc</expan> <expan abbr="aut&etilde;">autem</expan> ob cau&longs;am animaduertere, cùm, <lb/>vt dictum e&longs;t, nauigium grauius reddatur in <lb/>aquæ &longs;uperficie <emph type="italics"/>(<emph.end type="italics"/> quia partim e&longs;t in aëre) <lb/>quàm in imo, vt quantò magis eleuatur à <lb/>cymbis, eò plures ac maiores cymbæ alligen<lb/>tur, ne decepti hac ratione non &longs;olùm denuò <lb/>mergatur, &longs;ed & impetu adiecto omnes <expan abbr="&longs;ec&utilde;">&longs;ecum</expan> <lb/>cymbas in profundum trahat. </s>

<s id="s.000340">Dubitabit au<lb/>tem aliquis, cur exoneratis cymbis B, imple<lb/>tis autem aliis, per A, &longs;ignificantur, non de&longs;<lb/>cendat nauis, quæ eleuata fuit ab A, cymbis <lb/>vacuis? </s>

<s id="s.000341">Non enim plenæ po&longs;&longs;unt &longs;u&longs;tinere <lb/>pondus. </s>

<s id="s.000342">Cau&longs;a e&longs;t, quia factis iam funibus <lb/>æqualibus cymbarum A, & B, cùm iam va<lb/>cuum &longs;eu inane, vel aër, qui in cymbis con<lb/>tinetur potentior &longs;it nauis pondere, plus tra<lb/>het inane cymbarum B, quàm remittet gra<lb/>uitas aucti poderis cymbarum A. </s>

<s id="s.000343">Itaque hac <lb/>ratione perpetuò nauis a&longs;cendet: hoc dunta<lb/>xat ob&longs;eruato, vt plenarum cymbarum funes <lb/>eò &longs;int vacuarum cymbarum funibus breuio<lb/>res, quantò pondus lapidum eas cymbas de<lb/>primit. </s>

<s id="s.000344">Sed de &longs;implici leuis motu &longs;ur&longs;um &longs;a<lb/>tis, nunc de motu, qui ex graui & leui com<lb/>ponitur, dicendum erit. </s>

<s id="s.000345">Pro cuius exemplo <lb/>mirificè &longs;e offert Heronis machina, quam <lb/>nos &longs;æpè tractauimus. </s>

<s id="s.000346">Ea &longs;ic &longs;e habet: A, la<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg28"/><lb/><figure id="id.016.01.014.1.jpg" xlink:href="016/01/014/1.jpg"/><lb/>brum aqua plenum: &longs;ub quo vas B, & ip&longs;um <lb/>aqua plenum, &longs;it iunctum A, vt ex altero in <lb/>alterum aqua permeare non po&longs;&longs;it. </s>

<s id="s.000347">Sub B, vas <lb/>aliud, quod vocetur C, inane. </s>

<s id="s.000348">Fi&longs;tula D, fera<lb/>tur ex B, in C, cuius &longs;ummum os fermè ad <lb/>labrum perueniat. </s>

<s id="s.000349">Fi&longs;tula alia E, quæ &longs;uper <lb/>labrum non parùm a&longs;cendat, & in&longs;erta labro, <lb/>in medio penetret v&longs;que ad imum primi va<lb/>&longs;is, non tamen ip&longs;i imo iungatur. </s>

<s id="s.000350">Alia fi&longs;tula <lb/>F, cuius &longs;upremum in imo labri o&longs;culum <expan abbr="&longs;it&utilde;">&longs;itum</expan> <lb/>&longs;it, inferiùs os in ip&longs;o &longs;epto inter duo va&longs;a fi<lb/>niatur, ita <expan abbr="tam&etilde;">tamen</expan> vt aqua ex labro per &longs;uperius <lb/>os in vas C, deferatur. </s>

<s id="s.000351">Tunc verò videmus <lb/><expan abbr="aquã">aquam</expan>, qu&etail; e&longs;t in B, va&longs;e, per E, fi&longs;tulam emitti, <lb/>ac eò donec finiatur labri aqua v&longs;que per&longs;e<lb/>uerare. </s>

<s id="s.000352">Id quomodo fiat ex duobus motibus <lb/>compo&longs;itis demon&longs;trandum. </s>

<s id="s.000353">Aqua de&longs;cen<lb/>dens per F, fi&longs;tulam, cùm aër in C, non po&longs;&longs;it <lb/>&longs;ub&longs;i&longs;tere, a&longs;cendit per D, fi&longs;tulam in vas B, <lb/>&longs;uperiùs. </s>

<s id="s.000354">At verò cum ibi locus aqua plenus <lb/>&longs;it, cogitur aqua a&longs;cendere per E, fi&longs;tulam <lb/>pre&longs;&longs;a ab aëre, atque &longs;ic effunditur. </s>

<s id="s.000355">Manife<lb/>&longs;tum e&longs;t igitur hîc duos e&longs;&longs;e motus: vnum &longs;e<lb/>cundum naturam aquæ de&longs;cendentis ex labro <lb/>in C, vas per F, fi&longs;tulam, alterum aëris a&longs;cen<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg29"/><lb/>dentis ex va&longs;e C, in vas B, quod <emph type="italics"/>(<emph.end type="italics"/>vt dictum <lb/>e&longs;t) ab aqua &longs;ursùm impellatur. </s>

<s id="s.000356">Ab his igitur <lb/>duobus motibus naturalibus violentius im<lb/>petus fit quo aqua ex va&longs;e B, per fi&longs;tulam <lb/>a&longs;cendit. </s>

<s id="s.000357">Verùm motus grauis dum repetit <lb/>alternatim folles mouet, aut alias machinas, <lb/>quòd in machina Cte&longs;ibica demon&longs;trare <lb/>oportunum erat, vt emboli ma&longs;culi vici&longs;&longs;im <lb/>in modiolis a&longs;cendere, de&longs;cenderétque po&longs;<lb/>&longs;ent. </s>

<s id="s.000358">Id autem &longs;ic fit: Rota cum pinnis iux<lb/>ta aquæ delabentis ca&longs;um ( vt &longs;olet fieri) &longs;ta<lb/>tuatur, vt ex aquæ perpetuo defluxu &longs;uper <lb/>pinnas rota circumuoluatur, in qua &longs;it axis <lb/>A, quem palàm e&longs;t nece&longs;&longs;e fore, vt & ip&longs;e <lb/>circumagatur. </s>

<s id="s.000359">Rotæ de&longs;criptionem, vt rem <lb/>noti&longs;&longs;imam ac in molis omnibus con&longs;pi<lb/>cuam, prætermitto. </s>

<s id="s.000360"><margin.target id="marg27"/>Nauigia fa<lb/>ciliùs ex ma<lb/>ri, extrahi, <lb/>quàm flumi<lb/>nibus vel la<lb/>cubus.</s>

<s id="s.000361"><margin.target id="marg28"/>Machina <lb/>Heronis.</s>

<s id="s.000362"><margin.target id="marg29"/>De motu al<lb/>lernante.</s>

<s id="s.000363">Trabs &longs;uperiacens tignis atque inclu&longs;a fo<lb/>raminibus rotundis vocetur B, ita vt mobilis <lb/>&longs;it, ac vt in cardinibus circumuolui po&longs;&longs;it. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000364">Iuxta huius extremum E, annulus infixus, cui <lb/>alter annulus cum ferrea virga F: hæ rur&longs;us <lb/>in annulum finiatur, quem excipiat alter an<lb/>nulus G, virga H, annexus: in extremo H, an<lb/>nulus iunctus e&longs;t, qui vnco ita annectitur in <lb/>&longs;ummitate axis A, vt &longs;ecum moueatur, &longs;ed <lb/>redeunte axe, redit & annulus ad pri&longs;tinum <lb/>locum ac &longs;itum. </s>

<s id="s.000365">Ex altera trabis parte duo <lb/>annuli ex aduer&longs;o collocantur C, & D. </s>

<s id="s.000366">Licet <lb/>& bis duos & tria paria &longs;ic ex aduer&longs;o collo<lb/>care. </s>

<s id="s.000367">Si igitur emboli aut folles alter C, fune <lb/>iungatur, alter D, circumuoluto axe, trahitur <lb/>primum trabs ver&longs;us D, túncque eleuatur <lb/>follium alter ex C, altero cadente D. </s>

<s id="s.000368">Quum <lb/>verò rota dimidium axis circumuertit, annu<lb/>lus in imo H, redit ad locum &longs;uperiorem & <lb/>impellit E, propter virgas, & trabs flectitur <lb/>ver&longs;us C, atque &longs;ic mutata vice folles mo<lb/>uentur. </s>

<s id="s.000369">Nutat enim trabs dextra ac &longs;ini&longs;tra <lb/>vici&longs;&longs;im, &longs;ed non circumuoluitur. </s>

<s id="s.000370">Ergo licet <lb/>multa paria follium annulis multis in trabe <lb/>ex aduer&longs;o collocatis mouere, &longs;ed robu&longs;ta vi <lb/>aquæ opus e&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.000371">Licet & eidem axi alteram <lb/>trabem, quod fabri facere &longs;olent à &longs;ini&longs;tra <lb/>iungere, <expan abbr="atq;">atque</expan> &longs;ic numerus <expan abbr="folli&utilde;">follium</expan> duplicabitur. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000372">Nec alio opus e&longs;t auxilio, aliáve <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> quæ in <lb/>vno patefacta e&longs;t indu&longs;tria, &longs;ed &longs;ola maiore vi. </s>

<s id="s.000373">Sed motuum tran&longs;latio, quæ &longs;olet in v&longs;u <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e, tùm in molendinis, tum horologiis, <lb/>quamvis vulgata, tamen &longs;ubtiliori con&longs;tat <lb/>ratione. <lb/><figure id="id.016.01.014.3.jpg" xlink:href="016/01/014/3.jpg"/><lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg30"/></s>

<s id="s.000374"><margin.target id="marg30"/>Motuum <lb/>tran&longs;latio.</s>

<s id="s.000375">Sit igitur rota AB, quæ circumagi po&longs;&longs;it <pb pagenum="366" xlink:href="016/01/015.jpg"/>alia rota cum paxillis, vt in molendinis fieri <lb/>&longs;olet aut manubrio C, dentes verò in eius <lb/>exteriore &longs;uperficie re&longs;picientes cylindrum <lb/>&longs;eu columnam FG, erectam ad perpendicu<lb/>lum plani F H. </s>

<s id="s.000376">In quo plano etiam rota &longs;u<lb/>per&longs;tans fixum habet palum, cui axis infi<lb/>gitur. </s>

<s id="s.000377">In FG, autem columna, DE, cur<lb/>riculum dentatum e&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.000378">Itaque quum rota <lb/>A B, circumuertitur &longs;uper axe CK, motu <lb/>ex A, in B, &longs;eu A, &longs;ur&longs;um deor&longs;um, F G, <lb/>cylindrus circumuertitur ex D E, ver&longs;us <lb/>K, &longs;eu ex dextro in &longs;ini&longs;trum, quare con<lb/>tingit tran&longs;latio motus, quæ erit eò velo<lb/>cior, quò numerus dentium A B, rotæ, <lb/>plures continebit dentes circuli D E. </s>

<s id="s.000379">His <lb/>autem vtemur ad machinæ Augu&longs;tanæ in<lb/>tellectum. </s>

<s id="s.000380">His modò vi&longs;is, po&longs;tquam &longs;ermonem de <lb/>motibus omnibus generalibus fermè ab&longs;ol<lb/>uimus, quarto exemplo in libramento aqua<lb/>rum declarato, Heronis autem machina in <lb/>compo&longs;itis elementorum motibus &longs;atisfa<lb/>ciente, vt in vniuer&longs;um pro decem modis <lb/>decem exempla &longs;ubiecerim, colligere illa in <lb/>vnum breuiter operæ pretium erit. </s>

<s id="s.000381">Quieti <lb/>ob raritatem lucernæ exemplum appo&longs;ui<lb/>mus. </s>

<s id="s.000382">Motui à raritate fi&longs;tulam in va&longs;e col<lb/>locatam, vbi de aquæ de&longs;cen&longs;u egimus. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000383">Quieti ob den&longs;itatem plumbi laminam, tum <lb/>coria &longs;uper aquam &longs;par&longs;a. </s>

<s id="s.000384">Motui ob den&longs;i<lb/>tatem impul&longs;um bellicarum machinarum. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000385">Motui attractionis ob raritatem, & impul<lb/>&longs;us ob den&longs;itatem, in Cte&longs;ibica machina. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000386">Vtriu&longs;que verò motus, tum etiam quietis <lb/>ob raritatem, Brambilica machina exem<lb/>plum erit. </s>

<s id="s.000387">Motus leuis elementi, nauigij re<lb/>cuperationem: grauis verò, &longs;implicis horo<lb/>logiorum motum &longs;ubiecimus. </s>

<s id="s.000388">Grauis, &longs;ed <lb/>&longs;æpiùs repetiti, follium alternam iactatio<lb/>nem. </s>

<s id="s.000389">Grauis ac leuis &longs;imul ad vnum finem <lb/>tendentium, Heronis machinam. </s>

<s id="s.000390">Ergo &longs;ic poterat videri tractatio hæc ab<lb/>&longs;oluta: &longs;ed non omnia &longs;ump&longs;imus genera. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000391">Decem enim hæc exempla duobus conti<lb/>nentur generibus: altero, quòd vnum tan<lb/>tùm habet motorem, vt Heronis machina: <lb/>reliquo, quod duos, &longs;ed diuer&longs;os habet mo<lb/>tores, vt Brambilica. </s>

<s id="s.000392">Supere&longs;t tertium ge<lb/>nus, in quo illæ continentur machinæ, quæ <lb/>plures habent motores, &longs;ed non diuer&longs;os: <lb/>quod quidem videtur e&longs;&longs;e nobili&longs;&longs;imum, quia <lb/>motui principali, &longs;eu <foreign lang="greek">au)tokine/tw|</foreign> magis a&longs;&longs;i<lb/>milatur. </s>

<s id="s.000393">Contingit is motus, quum aqua, <lb/>gratia exempli, rotam, qua aqua effunditur </s>

<s id="s.000394"><arrow.to.target n="marg31"/><lb/>verterit. </s>

<s id="s.000395">Atque hoc in genere primum e&longs;t <lb/>Archimedis inuentum Cochlea appellata, <lb/>cuius meminit Diodorus Siculus in antiqua <lb/>hi&longs;toria bis, dicens Ægyptum &longs;iccatam <lb/>beneficio cochleæ ab Archimede inuentæ. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000396">Quod &longs;i ita e&longs;t, cùm Archimedes &longs;ecundi <lb/>belli Punici temporibus floruerit, ne&longs;cio <lb/>quo pacto antiquo tempore bene potuerit <lb/>Ægyptus habitari. </s>

<s id="s.000397">Vtcunque tamen res &longs;e <lb/>habeat, in&longs;trumentum id nobili&longs;&longs;imum pro<lb/>culdubio e&longs;t, atque tali artifice haud indi<lb/>gnum. </s>

<s id="s.000398">Meminit huius Vitruuius in fine &longs;ui <lb/>operis. </s>

<s id="s.000399">Sed Galeaz de Rubeis ciuis no&longs;ter, <lb/>fabérque ferrarius, cuius infrà mentionem <lb/>facturi &longs;umus, cùm iam olim inuentam ip<lb/>&longs;e, qua&longs;i primus auctor exi&longs;timaret reperi&longs;&longs;e, <lb/>præ lætitia in&longs;aniuit. </s>

<s id="s.000400">Vidimus illum ver&longs;an<lb/>tem tru&longs;atilem machinam, ac paulò pò&longs;t <lb/>mente excu&longs;&longs;um. </s>

<s id="s.000401">Erat autem machina <lb/>talis: </s>

<s id="s.000402"><margin.target id="marg31"/>Cochlea Ar<lb/>chimedis.</s>

<s id="s.000403">Lignum A H, &longs;olidum, rectum, rotun<lb/>dum, æqualéque, ac tam longum vt incli<lb/>natum ad &longs;uperficiem aquæ, infixúmque <lb/>alueo quantum opus e&longs;t, &longs;upra ip&longs;am aquam <lb/>promineat, canali ( vt vides ) metallico <lb/>&longs;implici, ad cochleæ imaginem fabricato, <lb/>circumtegatur. </s>

<s id="s.000404">Sunt qui multiplici vtantur: <lb/>tres mihi nece&longs;&longs;arij e&longs;&longs;e videntur, quique <lb/>adeò &longs;en&longs;im a&longs;cendant, vt omnia &longs;patia com<lb/>pleantur. </s>

<s id="s.000405">Duo ora habet canalis, inferius <lb/>quidem latius, angu&longs;tius quod &longs;uperius e&longs;t. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000406">Vocetur autem illud K. </s>

<s id="s.000407">Demon&longs;trandum <lb/>e&longs;t igitur, quòd vbi terminis A & H ti<lb/>gnum claudatur, ita vt circumuerti po&longs;&longs;it, <lb/>quod motu aquæ circumuertetur. </s>

<s id="s.000408">Secundò, <lb/>quòd vbi circumagatur aqua a&longs;cendet, ef<lb/>fundeturque per K. </s>

<s id="s.000409">Nam pinnæ quæ additæ <lb/>&longs;unt B C D E F G, &longs;eu inter &longs;patia alter<lb/>utrinque, &longs;eu in coniunctionibus tigni cum <lb/>canali, occurrentes aquæ, nece&longs;&longs;ariò ver<lb/>tent illud in&longs;trumentum: quia augeri po&longs;&longs;unt <lb/>longitudine ac latitudine: pondus verò AH, <lb/>paruum e&longs;t, & longè minus etiam factum <lb/>ob inclinationem, & axes in annulis po&longs;i<lb/>tos, ita vt circumagi po&longs;&longs;int. </s>

<s id="s.000410">O&longs;tendunt id <lb/>etiam molæ in fluminibus Pado atque Tici<lb/>no, vbi quanquam leni&longs;&longs;imè fluant aquæ, <lb/>hoc tamen ingenio lapides molares circum<lb/>acti terunt, ac molunt triticum. </s>

<s id="s.000411">Sed quòd <lb/>aqua ip&longs;a a&longs;cendat ex L, in K, patet: quum <lb/>enim L, eleuatur, pars quæ &longs;uccedit fit humi<lb/>lior, igitur aqua de&longs;cendet, qua a&longs;cendente <lb/>iterum pars &longs;uccedens de&longs;cendit: eadémque <lb/>ratio &longs;emper o&longs;tendit <expan abbr="aquã">aquam</expan> ver&longs;us K, tendere: <lb/>hócque experimento pulcherrimè congruit, <lb/>& nos non &longs;emel periculum de hoc fecimus. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000412">Conuer&longs;o igitur axe &longs;eu tigno in f&oelig;mineis <lb/>cardinibus A, & H, in quibus intruditur, <lb/>donec aqua canalis impletus fuerit, effun<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg32"/><lb/>deretur per K, &longs;uper planum ripæ. </s>

<s id="s.000413">Ex quo <lb/>non videtur hæc ratio concludere, aqua <lb/>perpetuò de&longs;cendit, igitur in fine erit in hu<lb/>miliore loco, quàm in initio. </s>

<s id="s.000414">Sed tamen non <lb/>&longs;emper de&longs;cendit, verùm pars quæ de&longs;cen<lb/>dit maior, impellit minorem, cogitque a&longs;<lb/>cendere. </s>

<s id="s.000415">At cùm effundi c&oelig;perit, tunc tam <lb/>machina faciliùs vertetur, & aqua qua&longs;i <lb/>&longs;ponte effluet, propter ea, quæ de aquæ de&longs;<lb/>cen&longs;u iam demon&longs;trauimus. </s>

<s id="s.000416">Sunt qui canali <lb/>tabulas affigant, nectántque omnia &longs;imul, <lb/>vt machina robu&longs;tior ac firmior euadat, pa<lb/>xillos tabulis, non tigno, ob commodita<lb/>tem maiorem in&longs;erentes. </s>

<s id="s.000417">Dubitabit autem <lb/>meritò aliquis, cur a&longs;cendente parte canalis <lb/>iuxta B, cùm tam L, quàm C, de&longs;cendant, <lb/>aqua non non redeat in L, & rur&longs;us effun<lb/>datur ( nam L, humilior e&longs;t quàm C, ) & <lb/>ex eadem parte. </s>

<s id="s.000418">Duplex huius ratio e&longs;t: al<lb/>tera, quòd aqua quæ e&longs;t in B, impellitur <pb pagenum="367" xlink:href="016/01/016.jpg"/>ab ea, quæ e&longs;t e&longs;t in L, ideo tran&longs;it ad C, <lb/>& non redit: reliqua Geometrica, o&longs;tendens <lb/>partem mediam inter L, & B, in conuer<lb/>&longs;ione altiorem e&longs;&longs;e, quàm &longs;it pars media in<lb/>ter B, & O. </s>

<s id="s.000419">Indicio etiam e&longs;t, quòd plum<lb/>bea &longs;phærula impo&longs;ita, cùm à nulla alia re <lb/>prematur, a&longs;cendit tamen in K. </s>

<s id="s.000420">Et demon<lb/>&longs;tratio hæc e&longs;t: Sit tignum A B, in plano <lb/>A C, eleuatio partis A D, tigni &longs;it D C, <lb/>eius partis cochleæ pars corre&longs;pondens AE, <lb/>& altitudo DE, &longs;it gratia exempli &longs;e&longs;quial<lb/>tera DC, & ducatur recta AE, erunt igitur <lb/>omnes lineæ inter A D, & A C, minores <lb/>lineis è directo con&longs;titutis inter AD, & AE, <lb/>ex demon&longs;tratis in &longs;exto elementorum Eu<lb/>clidis: <lb/><figure id="id.016.01.016.1.jpg" xlink:href="016/01/016/1.jpg"/><lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg33"/></s>

<s id="s.000421"><margin.target id="marg32"/>Aliquid per<lb/>petuò <expan abbr="de&longs;c&etilde;-dit">de&longs;cen<lb/>dit</expan>, quod in <lb/>fine erit al<lb/>tius.</s>

<s id="s.000422"><margin.target id="marg33"/>Demon&longs;tratio <lb/>o&longs;tendens <lb/>quod cochlea <lb/>ver&longs;a graue <lb/>a&longs;cendit.</s>

<s id="s.000423">Circumuertatur igitur AB, ita vt quando <lb/>E, erit in humillimo loco, pondus rotun<lb/>dum in A, po&longs;itum &longs;it in directo D. </s>

<s id="s.000424">Quia <lb/>igitur D E, longior e&longs;t D C, igitur &longs;i E, <lb/>erit in oppo&longs;ito &longs;ui loci, erit infrà C: &longs;ed <lb/>C, e&longs;t in directo A, igitur pondus erit in<lb/>feriùs quàm ab initio: &longs;ed omnes lineæ &longs;er<lb/>uant eandem rationem, & &longs;unt longiores <lb/>etiam in circumferentia A E, quàm in re<lb/>cta A E, à linea A D, quia pars e&longs;t minor <lb/>toto: igitur conuer&longs;o A B, pondus de&longs;cen<lb/>det in AE. </s>

<s id="s.000425">Sed omne graue liberum in mo<lb/>tu de&longs;cendit, igitur pondus perueniet ad E. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000426">Sed quum erit in E, circumactum de&longs;cen<lb/>det ver&longs;us F, non ver&longs;us A, tum ob impe<lb/>tum, tum quia pars quæ e&longs;t inter A, & E, <lb/>a&longs;cendit, nam in priore motu de&longs;cenderat: <lb/>pars autem E F, adhuc de&longs;cendit, igitur <lb/>pondus perueniet ex H, in A, quare ex A, in <lb/>B, multis conuer&longs;ionibus eadem ratione fa<lb/>ctis. </s>

<s id="s.000427">Facilè autem ligula circumdata calamo <lb/>hoc, quod tibi perdifficile for&longs;an videtur, ex<lb/>perieris. </s>

<s id="s.000428">Sed ad rem reuertor. </s>

<s id="s.000429">Cochlea quam Vi<lb/>truuius docet, alieno indiget auxilio, hæc <lb/>autem no&longs;tra &longs;eip&longs;am circunducit: &longs;ed eò <lb/>faciliùs, quò &longs;piræ canalis frequentiores <lb/>fuerint, & machina mollius a&longs;cenderit. </s>

<s id="s.000430">Quò <lb/>verò faciliùs circumagetur, eò &longs;erius: hoc <lb/>enim fermè generale e&longs;t in omnibus machi<lb/>nis. </s>

<s id="s.000431">Ita contrariis rationibus celeriter aquam <lb/>tran&longs;mittet, &longs;ed difficiliùs reuertetur. </s>

<s id="s.000432">Por<lb/>rò difficultas facit vt machinæ magis atte<lb/>rantur, & aquarum multitudine ac impetu <lb/>indigeamus. </s>

<s id="s.000433">Verùm celeritatem cum diffi<lb/>cutate eligemus, vbi torrens fuerit, & ripa<lb/>rum altitudo immodica. </s>

<s id="s.000434">Nam &longs;i in&longs;trumen<lb/>ti a&longs;cen&longs;us mollis fuerit, reddetur in&longs;trumen<lb/>tum ob longitudinem graui&longs;&longs;imum. </s>

<s id="s.000435">Eadem <lb/>in magnitudine & prauitate ratio. </s>

<s id="s.000436">Nam par<lb/>uum facilè circumagitur, &longs;ed &longs;erò irrigat. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000437">V&longs;us eius vbi modica terra e&longs;t irriganda, & <lb/>flumen profundum, & leniter currit, & ripæ <lb/>altiores. </s>

<s id="s.000438">In contrariis cau&longs;is magnis vtemur <lb/>machinis. </s>

<s id="s.000440"><margin.target id="marg34"/>Machina <lb/>Augu&longs;tana.</s>

<s id="s.000441">E&longs;t & alius machinæ modus ( vt intelli<lb/>go ) Augu&longs;tæ, qui tamen &longs;ub hoc genere <lb/>comprehenditur. </s>

<s id="s.000442">Columna ver&longs;atilis A B, <lb/>rota cum paxillis vertitur à flumine, iuxta <lb/><figure id="id.016.01.016.2.jpg" xlink:href="016/01/016/2.jpg"/><lb/>rationem à nobis &longs;uperiùs declaratam, dum <lb/>de motuum tran&longs;latione ageremus. </s>

<s id="s.000443">In ea <lb/>curriculi pro numero cochlearum, gratia <lb/>exempli, CDEFGHK, & cochleæ pro nu<lb/>mero va&longs;orum, & va&longs;a pro altitudine: va&longs;a <lb/>autem LMNOPQR, fixa in columna ST. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000444">Ver&longs;a A B, vertuntur in curriculis cochleæ <lb/>omnes, quarum infima C, haurit aquam <lb/>ex &longs;ubiecto flumine, & transfundit eam in <lb/>vas L, à quo haurit cochlea D, transfun<lb/>dens aquam in vas M, atque ita vno motu <lb/>columnæ A B, C in L, D in M, E in N, <lb/>F in O, G in P, H in Q, K in R, aquam <lb/>fundunt, haurientes è &longs;ubiectis va&longs;is. </s>

<s id="s.000445">R, au<lb/>tem transfert aquam per os V, in locum de<lb/>&longs;tinatum. </s>

<s id="s.000446">Contingit rur&longs;us dubitatio: quia <lb/>cochleæ ore &longs;uperiore a&longs;cendente, aquam <lb/>mittere haud debent. </s>

<s id="s.000447">Quamobrem primam <lb/>triplicem fecimus. </s>

<s id="s.000448">Sed videntur &longs;ub&longs;ultem <lb/>effundere dum a&longs;cendunt: quia ( vt demon<lb/>&longs;tratum e&longs;t) partes de&longs;cendunt, & aqua tota <lb/>de&longs;cendit, quam ob cau&longs;am compre&longs;&longs;a exi<lb/>lit: &longs;ed non quemadmodum ore cochleæ <lb/>de&longs;cendente, &longs;ed pluribus circa eundem axem <lb/>cochleis po&longs;itis, fit continua non &longs;olùm, <lb/>&longs;ed æqualis aquarum effu&longs;io. </s>

<s id="s.000449">Atque hæc de <lb/>machinis iuxta prima genera, & &longs;pecies di<lb/>cta &longs;int. </s>

<s id="s.000450">Sed po&longs;tquàm de motibus natura<lb/>libus &longs;ermonem habuimus, qui in loco <lb/>fiunt, par e&longs;t vt quid &longs;it locus intelligamus. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000451">Nam & hoc e&longs;&longs;e quintum naturalium rerum <lb/>principium &longs;uppo&longs;itum e&longs;t: &longs;uppo&longs;itones au<lb/>tem hæ, &longs;ecundùm &longs;en&longs;um demon&longs;trationi<lb/>bus ip&longs;is &longs;unt firmiores. </s>

<s id="s.000452">Quid igitur &longs;it locus, <lb/>&longs;ciendum e&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.000453">E&longs;t igitur locus, vltima corpo</s>

<s id="s.000454"><arrow.to.target n="marg35"/><lb/>ris &longs;uperficies, corpus contentum ambiens. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000455">Manet autem recedente corpore, quia ad c&oelig;<lb/>li ambitum comparata e&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.000456">Manife&longs;tum e&longs;t <lb/>igitur, locum quemlibet æqualem e&longs;&longs;e cor<lb/>pori in eo contento ad vnguem: & quòd om<lb/>ne corpus e&longs;t in loco, & quòd in omni loco <lb/>aliquod corpus e&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.000457">Nam omne corpus &longs;uam <lb/>habet extremam &longs;uperficiem, & illa vbi nul<lb/>lum aliud &longs;it corpus à quo contineatur vt vl<lb/>timum, c&oelig;lum e&longs;t ei locus: alia autem cor-<pb pagenum="368" xlink:href="016/01/017.jpg"/>pora ab alio continentur. </s>

<s id="s.000458">Sed locus e&longs;&longs;e non <lb/>pote&longs;t eadem ratione &longs;ine corpore, &longs;i omnis <lb/>locus e&longs;t vltima &longs;uperficies continens cor<lb/>pus. </s>

<s id="s.000459">E&longs;t etiam locus ip&longs;e æternus, quia or<lb/>bis c&oelig;le&longs;tis &longs;uperficies extrema immota e&longs;t, <lb/>vt corpus ip&longs;um continet atque vniuer&longs;um. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000460">Locus igitur vt in vniuer&longs;o, æternus e&longs;t & <lb/>immobilis, ac immutabilis: vt autem cor<lb/>poris certi &longs;uperficies, mutatur corporum <lb/>mutatione, nec manet. </s>

<s id="s.000461">Locus igitur vbi <lb/>Alexander &longs;edit in Babylonica, vel Su&longs;is, <lb/>adhuc manet, &longs;ed nunc in aëre erat in ciui<lb/>tate atque domo, nunc autem for&longs;an in <lb/>agro, atque etiam &longs;ub terra. </s>

<s id="s.000462">E&longs;t vbi in <lb/>Ro&longs;tris facundi&longs;&longs;imus Cicero perorauit, <lb/>locus manet, at tunc propter terram in <lb/>aëre fuit, nunc autem cre&longs;cente for&longs;itan <lb/>terra, &longs;ub ip&longs;a terra. </s>

<s id="s.000463">Et in quolibet loco <lb/>nunc vici&longs;&longs;itudinibus temporum id agenti<lb/>bus infiniti erunt homines, aliá&longs;que fuêre, <lb/>&longs;i vera e&longs;t opinio Ari&longs;totelis de mundi æter<lb/>nitate. </s>

<s id="s.000464">Tria igitur &longs;unt &longs;emper nobi&longs;cum <lb/>æterna, mens, hyle, & locus. </s>

<s id="s.000465">Sed men<lb/>tem mutare, aut materiam non licet, locum <lb/>mutare licet, & alium adipi&longs;ci. </s>

<s id="s.000466">Quocun<lb/>que igitur perrexerimus, ad rem æternam <lb/>imus. </s>

<s id="s.000467">Et nunc locus in quo &longs;cribo æternus <lb/>e&longs;t, atque in eo complures for&longs;an fuêre re<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg36"/><lb/>ges, aut &longs;apientes. </s>

<s id="s.000468">Cùm enim principia <lb/>rerum naturalium &longs;int quinque, materia <lb/>&longs;eu hyle, forma, anima, locus, motus: <lb/>tempus autem non e&longs;t principium, &longs;ed mo<lb/>tum &longs;equitur: proximum autem videtur e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>principio, quia nihil &longs;ine ip&longs;o fit: de hoc au<lb/>tem po&longs;teriùs dicemus. </s>

<s id="s.000469">Quies quoquè non <lb/>e&longs;t principium, &longs;ed principij priuatio, vt <lb/>mors, frigus, &longs;iccitas. </s>

<s id="s.000470">Repugnantia item <lb/>corporum atque inane &longs;eu vacuum, non &longs;unt <lb/>principia, à forma enim pendêre hæc, de<lb/>mon&longs;trauimus, & aliàs etiam demon&longs;trabi<lb/>mus. </s>

<s id="s.000471">Horum igitur principiorum nul<lb/>lum non e&longs;t &longs;ecundùm genus æternum <lb/>& primum, aliter non po&longs;&longs;ent e&longs;&longs;e princi<lb/>pia. </s>

<s id="s.000472">Sed per &longs;e æterna &longs;unt mens, hyle & <lb/>locus. </s>

<s id="s.000473">Forma & motus parte æterna in c&oelig;<lb/>le&longs;tibus, parte mortalia in his, quæ &longs;ub lunæ <lb/>cælo &longs;unt con&longs;tituta. </s>

<s id="s.000474">Anima verò parte qua<lb/>dam, qua intelligit, æterna, reliqua mor<lb/>talis e&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.000475">Expers corporis e&longs;t mens, locus & <lb/>motus. </s>

<s id="s.000476">Sed mens ab&longs;oluitur omninò à cor<lb/>pore, motus &longs;ine corpore non e&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.000477">Anima <lb/>autem, hyle & forma, cum corpore nece&longs;&longs;a<lb/>riò &longs;unt. </s>

<s id="s.000478">Anima tamen non videtur pars il<lb/>lius. </s>

<s id="s.000479">Quòd verò plura e&longs;&longs;e non po&longs;&longs;int princi<lb/>pia, ex hoc demon&longs;tratur. </s>

<s id="s.000480">Nam quæ &longs;unt, <lb/>quædam viuunt, quædam non. </s>

<s id="s.000481">Reguntur <lb/>autem omnia atque fiunt, tum manet. </s>

<s id="s.000482">Cor<lb/>pus igitur in loco manet. </s>

<s id="s.000483">Fiunt autem ex <lb/>materia atque forma. </s>

<s id="s.000484">Reguntur autem ab <lb/>anima, quæ in nobilioribus mens e&longs;t, & à <lb/>corpore &longs;eparata: in corporibus autem, vitæ <lb/>principium. </s>

<s id="s.000485">Sed cau&longs;a qua manent e&longs;t motus, <lb/>item generationis, & reliquorum. </s>

<s id="s.000486">Omnia <lb/>hæc cùm &longs;int quidam motus, & vt fiunt, & vt <lb/>manent, igitur motus principium e&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.000487">De <lb/>principiis &longs;ecundùm &longs;en&longs;um, & vt ad hanc <lb/>pertinebat tractationem, hæc docui&longs;&longs;e hacte<lb/>nus &longs;ufficiat: non enim hoc modo priuatio <lb/>principium e&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.000488">Supere&longs;t nunc, vt declaremus, <lb/>vacuum non dari, præter rationes tres &longs;en&longs;i<lb/>biles &longs;uperiùs adductas, hoc diligentiùs nunc <lb/>demon&longs;trantes. </s>

<s id="s.000489">O&longs;ten&longs;um erit & pari ratio<lb/>ne de corporum repugnantia, quicquid &longs;upe<lb/>riùs &longs;uppo&longs;uimus: nam neque in eodem loco <lb/>duo corpora, nec corpus vnum in duobus <lb/>locis, nec corpore locum e&longs;&longs;e po&longs;&longs;e diximus. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000490">Nunc igitur hoc vltimo denuò demon&longs;trua<lb/>to, reliqua etiam erunt manife&longs;ta: neque <lb/>enim in hoc libro &longs;ingula demon&longs;trare, &longs;ed <lb/>res per capita tractare propo&longs;itum e&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.000491">Pri<lb/>múm igitur vacuum non e&longs;t: quomodo igi<lb/>tur quod non e&longs;t, efficere quicquam po<lb/>terit? </s>

<s id="s.000492">Deinde &longs;i e&longs;&longs;e ponatur, &longs;ub&longs;tantia <lb/>non e&longs;t vacuum, neque à &longs;ub&longs;tantia profi<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg37"/><lb/>ci&longs;citur, & vt vno verbo ab&longs;oluam, nihil <lb/>e&longs;t, atque ideo nullam poterit habere ope<lb/>rationem. </s>

<s id="s.000493"><margin.target id="marg35"/>Locus quid <lb/>&longs;it.</s>

<s id="s.000494"><margin.target id="marg36"/><expan abbr="Principior&utilde;">Principiorum</expan> <lb/>naturalium <lb/>diui&longs;io.</s>

<s id="s.000495"><margin.target id="marg37"/>Demon&longs;tra<lb/>tio, quia nul<lb/>lus motus e&longs;t <lb/>à vacuo.</s>

<s id="s.000496">For&longs;an dicet qui&longs;piam, naturam metu <lb/>vacui, &longs;eu vt illud euitet, motum ciere. </s>

<s id="s.000497">Sed <lb/>neque i&longs;tud: nam quum aër rarior aqua &longs;it, <lb/>oportuit primò antequàm fiat attractio va<lb/>cui ratione, quum aqua a&longs;cendit aquæ con<lb/>&longs;ecutione, priorem aquam in aërem verti, <lb/>húncque rur&longs;us in ignem, qui aëre rarior e&longs;t: <lb/>deinde ip&longs;um ignem attenuari, demum fieri <lb/>hanc attractionem. </s>

<s id="s.000498">Sed nos videmus, aquam <lb/>non verti in aërem, &longs;ed trahere: &longs;imiliter <lb/>aërem, antequam in ignem tran&longs;eat: non igi<lb/>tur metu vacui, quum adhuc &longs;uper&longs;int tot <lb/>intermedia, &longs;ed metu raritatis natura moli<lb/>tur eam attractionem, quam à vacuo appel<lb/>lant. </s>

<s id="s.000499">Nec e&longs;t vt eam cum Auerroë, violen<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg38"/><lb/>tam dicam: nam ip&longs;a pror&longs;us e&longs;t naturalis, <lb/>&longs;icut & motus aquæ, quum in aëre fuerit & <lb/>de&longs;cendit: violenter enim quie&longs;cit, & ideo <lb/>naturaliter mouetur. </s>

<s id="s.000500">Sic elementum, quod <lb/>raritatis cau&longs;a trahit, violentiam patitur, à <lb/>qua motu illo &longs;e liberat. </s>

<s id="s.000501">Quòd verò eo motu <lb/>graue &longs;ur&longs;um trahatur, contingit ca&longs;u, e&longs;t que <lb/>ei quod trahitur, quandoque violentum, & <lb/>quandoque non, velut &longs;i leue &longs;ur&longs;um traha<lb/>tur. </s>

<s id="s.000502">Satis e&longs;t motum ex principio ip&longs;o e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>naturalem. </s>

<s id="s.000503"><margin.target id="marg38"/>Motus at<lb/>tractionis à <lb/>raritate, non <lb/>e&longs;t <expan abbr="viol&etilde;tus">violentus</expan>.</s>

<s id="s.000504">Vt inuito, vel &longs;altem non iuuante pa&longs;&longs;o <lb/>fit? </s>

<s id="s.000505">Imò quod mouetur ad locum, &longs;pontè <lb/>mouetur, vt elementum aut mixtum, non vt <lb/>graue, aut leue. </s>

<s id="s.000506">Obliui&longs;citur enim propriæ <lb/>naturæ, quòd &longs;ic mouetur con&longs;en&longs;u alterius. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000507">Velut qui filium hortatur ad vitæ pericu<lb/>lum, dum muri vrbis ab ho&longs;te oppugnan<lb/>tur, pietatem exercet: vbi communis cau<lb/>&longs;a non impelleret, id agens crudelis habe<lb/>retur. </s>

<s id="s.000508">Sed iam ad motus grauium veniamus. </s>

<s id="s.000509">Hic <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg39"/><lb/>autem liber e&longs;t, aut fit pondere alligato, vt in <lb/>libra & &longs;tatera. </s>

<s id="s.000510">Quæri &longs;olet, cur pondera <lb/>ponderibus magis agitantur? </s>

<s id="s.000511">nam manu<lb/>brio A, agitetur &longs;uper furculam C, pondus <lb/>B. </s>

<s id="s.000512">Con&longs;tat quòd &longs;i addatur pondus ip&longs;i ma<lb/>nubrio, vtpote plumbum v&longs;que ad certam <lb/>metam, faciliùs de&longs;cendere à lateribus ad <lb/>medium adiuuante pondere: at contrà diffi<lb/>cilius moueri à medio ad latera. </s>

<s id="s.000513">Ob id, pon<lb/>deris meta quædam habenda e&longs;t, v&longs;que ad <lb/>quam motus facilitas augetur. </s>

<s id="s.000514">Hanc tamen <lb/>&longs;i tran&longs;cendas, motus redditur difficilior. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000515">Hac ratione capulos en&longs;ibus grauiores ad<lb/>dunt, vt en&longs;es videantur leuiores, faciliú&longs;<lb/>que tractentur. </s>

<s id="s.000516">Sed & hîc modus &longs;eruan<lb/>dus e&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.000517"><margin.target id="marg39"/>Quomodo <lb/>pondera fa<lb/>cile mouean<lb/>tur.</s>

<s id="s.000518">Adiecimus hoc, quia pleraque in&longs;trumen<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg40"/><lb/>ta hauriendis aquis idonea, hominum aut <lb/>iumentorum viribus aguntur. </s>

<s id="s.000519">Sed et&longs;i ip&longs;a<lb/>rum aquarum rapido impetu agitentur ma<lb/>chinæ, rur&longs;us addita manubriis pondera fa<lb/>ciliorum efficiunt motum. </s>

<s id="s.000520">Licet itaque &longs;olo <lb/>impetu aquarum defluentium, aquas ip&longs;as in <lb/>&longs;uprema loca impellere, atque ægros humi<lb/>lioribus aquis irrigare. </s>

<s id="s.000521">Sed hoc tantùm in <lb/>his quæ decurrunt, & impetum labendo ha<lb/>bent. </s>

<s id="s.000522">Aptetur enim à latere vno Cte&longs;ibica, <lb/>aut Brambilica, aut alterius generis machi<lb/>na: nam ( vt dixi ) innumeri po&longs;&longs;unt e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>modi earum, quanquam hæ omnibus aliis, <lb/>coclea excepta, &longs;int elegantiores: & ( vtiam <lb/>docuimus ) alternus manubrij motus rota <lb/>cum pinnis agitata perficiatur, &longs;ic fiet vt <lb/>&longs;pontè aqua &longs;eip&longs;am &longs;ur&longs;um impellat: nam<lb/>que ars contra &longs;ua in&longs;tituta eam facere co<lb/>git. </s>

<s id="s.000523">Quod exemplum nonnullæ ciuitates quæ <lb/>editioribus à flumine locis po&longs;itæ &longs;unt, &longs;e<lb/>quuntur. <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg41"/></s>

<s id="s.000524"><margin.target id="marg40"/>Quomodo <lb/>aqua <expan abbr="&longs;eipsã">&longs;eipsam</expan> <lb/>impellat &longs;ur<lb/>&longs;um.</s>

<s id="s.000525"><margin.target id="marg41"/>De libra & <lb/>illius ratio<lb/>ne.</s>

<s id="s.000526">Po&longs;t hæc videndum e&longs;t de ponderibus <lb/>quæ in libra con&longs;tituuntur. </s>

<s id="s.000527">Sit igitur libra, <lb/>cuius trutina &longs;it appen&longs;a in A, & finis vbi <lb/>iunguntur latera lancis B, & lanx CD, & <lb/>manife&longs;tum e&longs;t quòd CD mouetur circa B, <lb/>velut centrum quoddam, quia CD non po<lb/>te&longs;t &longs;eparari ab ip&longs;o B: & &longs;it angulus ABC, <lb/>& ABD rectus. </s>

<s id="s.000528">Dico quòd pondus in C <lb/>con&longs;titutum erit grauius, quàm &longs;i lanx collo<lb/>cetur in quocunque alio loco, vt puto quòd <lb/><figure id="id.016.01.018.2.jpg" xlink:href="016/01/018/2.jpg"/><lb/>con&longs;titueretur lanx in F. </s>

<s id="s.000529">Vt autem cogno&longs;<lb/>camus quòd C &longs;it grauius in eo &longs;itu, quam <lb/>in F, nece&longs;&longs;arium e&longs;t vt in æquali tempore <lb/>moueatur per maius &longs;patium ver&longs;us cen<lb/>trum. </s>

<s id="s.000530">Videmus enim grauiora pari ratione <lb/>in reliquis, velociùs ad centrum ferri. </s>

<s id="s.000531">Quòd <lb/>autem hoc contingat magis pondere & li<lb/>bra in C collocata quàm in F, o&longs;tendo dua<lb/>bus rationibus. </s>

<s id="s.000532">Prima, quòd &longs;i in aliquo <lb/>tempore moueatur ex C in E, & &longs;it arcus <lb/>CE æqualis FG, quod tardius de&longs;cendet ex <lb/>F in G, quàm ex C in E, & ita erit leuiùs <lb/>in F, quàm in C. Secundò, quòd po&longs;ito <lb/>quòd in æquali &longs;patio temporis moueretur <lb/>ex C in E, ex & F in G, adhuc per arcum <lb/>CE æqualem FG, magis appropinquaret <lb/>centro quàm per motum factum in arcu <lb/>FG. </s>

<s id="s.000533">Ideò ergo duplici ratione magis gra<lb/>uabit pondus lance po&longs;ita ad perpendicu<lb/>lum cum trutina, quàm in quoque alio <lb/>loco. </s>

<s id="s.000534">Primùm igitur &longs;ic declaratur. </s>

<s id="s.000535">Manife<lb/>&longs;tum e&longs;t in &longs;tateris, & in his, qui pondera <lb/>eleuant, quòd quantò magis pondus à tru<lb/>tina, eò magis graue videtur: &longs;ed pondus <lb/>in G di&longs;tat à trutina quantitate BC lineæ, <lb/>& in F quantitate FP, &longs;ed CB e&longs;t maior FP, <lb/>ex decimaquinta, tertij elementorum Eu<lb/>clidis: igitur lance po&longs;ita in C, grauius pon<lb/>dus videbitur quàm in F, quod erat primum. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000536">Ex hac etiam demon&longs;tratione manife&longs;tum <lb/>e&longs;t, libram quantò magis di&longs;cendit ver&longs;us <lb/>C ex A, tantò grauiùs pondus reddere, & eò <lb/>velociùs moueri: at ex C ver&longs;us Q, contra<lb/>ria ratione pondus reddi leuius, & motum <lb/>&longs;egniorem, quod & experimentum docet. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000537">Secundum verò &longs;ic demon&longs;tratur. </s>

<s id="s.000538">Quia enim <lb/>CE e&longs;t æqualis FG, &longs;umatur CH æqualis <lb/>CE, eritque æqualis CH ip&longs;i FG, quare re<lb/>cta &longs;ubten&longs;a CH, æqualis rectæ &longs;ubten&longs;æ <lb/>FG. </s>

<s id="s.000539">Igitur ex octaua primi elementorum <lb/>angulus BFG, æqualis erit angulo BCH. </s>

<s id="s.000540">Igi<lb/>tur ductis ad perpendiculum rectis FL & <lb/>HK, minor e&longs;t angulus FGL. qui & ip&longs;e <lb/>e&longs;&longs;et pars coæqualis BFG, ex quinta primi <lb/>elementorum, angulo KCH. </s>

<s id="s.000541">Igitur latus <lb/>HK, maius latere FL: nam rectæ FG & HC <lb/>æquales fuerunt, & trigoni orthogonij &longs;eu <lb/>rectanguli: igitur BN maior OF, & ideo <lb/>BM maior OP. </s>

<s id="s.000542">Dum igitur libra mouetur ex <lb/>C in E pondus de&longs;cendit per BM lineam, &longs;eu <lb/>propinquius centro redditur quàm e&longs;&longs;et in <lb/>C, & dum mouetur per &longs;patium arcus FG, <lb/>de&longs;cenditque per OP, & BM, maior e&longs;t OP. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000543">Igitur &longs;uppo&longs;ito etiam quod in æquali tem<lb/>pore tran&longs;iret ex C in K, & ex F in G, adhuc <lb/>velociùs de&longs;cendit ex C, quam ex F. </s>

<s id="s.000544">Igitur <lb/>grauius e&longs;t in C, quàm in F. </s>

<s id="s.000545">Ex hoc autem <lb/>demon&longs;tratur quod dicit Philo&longs;ophus, quòd <lb/>&longs;i æqualia &longs;int pondera in F & R, libra ta<lb/>men &longs;pontè redit ad &longs;itum CD, vbi trutina <lb/>&longs;it AB. </s>

<s id="s.000546">Nec hoc demon&longs;trat Iordanus, nec <lb/>intellexit. </s>

<s id="s.000547">Similiter cur trutina QB po&longs;ita, <lb/>atque infrà libram ip&longs;am, velut accidit con<lb/>uer&longs;a libra, vt manu trutinam teneas &longs;uper</s>

<s id="s.000548"><arrow.to.target n="marg42"/><lb/>incumbente libra pondus quod iam de&longs;cen<lb/>derat tractum ad R, vbi æquale aliud ad <lb/>con&longs;titutum in F, vel lances omninò vacuæ <lb/>&longs;int, non &longs;olùm non reuertuntur ad &longs;itum <lb/>CD, &longs;eu perpendiculi, imò magis R de&longs;cen<lb/>dit ver&longs;us Q & F a&longs;cendit ver&longs;us A. vt expe<lb/>rimento patet. </s>

<s id="s.000549">Hoc etiam Iordanus non de<lb/>mon&longs;trauit. </s>

<s id="s.000550">Ari&longs;toteles dicit hoc contingere, <lb/>quum trutina e&longs;t &longs;upra libram, quia angu<lb/>lus QBF metæ, maior e&longs;t angulo QBR, Et &longs;i<lb/>militer quum trutina fuerit QB, erit meta <lb/>AB, & tunc angulus RBA, maior erit angu<lb/>lo FBA, &longs;ed maior angulus reddit grauius <lb/>pondus: igitur dum trutina &longs;uperius e&longs;t F, <lb/>erit grauius R, ideo F trahet libram ver&longs;us <lb/>C, & dum fuerit inferius R, erit grauius <lb/>quàm F, ideo trahet libram ver&longs;us <expan abbr="q.">que</expan> Quòd &longs;i <lb/>quis obiiciat, igitur pondus in F, erit gra<lb/>uius quàm in C, trutina in A appen&longs;a cuius <lb/>tamen oppo&longs;itum iam e&longs;t demon&longs;tratum. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000551">Re&longs;pondemus, quòd latior angulus à meta, <lb/>facit pondus grauius, quum rectæ fuerint <pb pagenum="370" xlink:href="016/01/019.jpg"/>æquales: &longs;ed vt demon&longs;tratum e&longs;t, pondus <lb/>in C, plus di&longs;tat tam à meta, quàm à trutina, <lb/>quam in E, ideo ratio anguli ibi non tenet: <lb/>&longs;ed quum comparamus pondera in F & R, <lb/>iam illa æqualiter di&longs;tant tam à trutina, <lb/>quod à meta: ideo tunc anguli ratio &longs;pectan<lb/>da e&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.000552">Generalis igitur ratio hæc &longs;it: pon<lb/>dera quò plus di&longs;tant à meta &longs;eu linea de&longs;<lb/>cen&longs;us per rectam, aut obliquum, id e&longs;t, per <lb/>angulum, eò &longs;unt grauiora. </s>

<s id="s.000553">Sed primò rectæ <lb/>lineæ magnitudo &longs;pectanda e&longs;t: vbi rectæ li<lb/>neæ æquales &longs;int, tunc angulus quòd maior <lb/>erit, eò pondus reddetur grauius. </s>

<s id="s.000554">Si igitur <lb/>BC &longs;inuetur ver&longs;us QC, eleuabitur, & mi<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg43"/><lb/>nus di&longs;tabit à B puncto, ideoque reddet pon<lb/>dera leuiora, aureu&longs;que iu&longs;ti ponderis defi<lb/>cere videbitur, & ex aduer&longs;a parte po&longs;itus <lb/>qui deficit, bonus videbitur. </s>

<s id="s.000555">Sed vacua libe<lb/>ra delegitur fraus, aut commutatis vici&longs;&longs;im <lb/>numo & indice. </s>

<s id="s.000556">Sed cur pondera quærunt <lb/>ver&longs;us medium moueri? </s>

<s id="s.000557">Hoc facilè di&longs;&longs;olui<lb/>tur, &longs;i quis, quæ diximus mente teneat. </s>

<s id="s.000558">Nam <lb/>pondus in F, dum peruenit ad C, propin<lb/>quius redditur mundi centro ad quod natu<lb/>ra fertur linea PB: & dum ex C in Q linea <lb/>BQ & ita intentum ponderis e&longs;t rectà ferri <lb/>ad centrum quia vinculo prohibetur, moue<lb/>tur eo modo, quo moueri pote&longs;t, atque ita à <lb/>dextra, vel &longs;ini&longs;tra ver&longs;us perpendiculum, & <lb/>medium. </s>

<s id="s.000559">Sed dices, cur igitur libra vacua C, <lb/>non mouetur ver&longs;us Q? Re&longs;pondeo, quòd <lb/>tunc D moueretur ver&longs;us A: &longs;ed vt vi&longs;um e&longs;t <lb/>ratione rectæ linæ po&longs;ito C in Q & D in A, <lb/>adhuc tantum e&longs;&longs;et ami&longs;&longs;um ex parte D, <lb/>quantum acqui&longs;itum ip&longs;i C: &longs;ed quod e&longs;&longs;et <lb/>ami&longs;&longs;um ex parte D, e&longs;&longs;et magis contra na<lb/>turam quam illud quod e&longs;&longs;et acqui&longs;itum ip&longs;i <lb/>C &longs;ecundum naturam: igitur maius e&longs;&longs;et de<lb/>trimentum quam iuuamentum. </s>

<s id="s.000560">Quare pari<lb/>bus ponderibus in C & D, non &longs;olum non <lb/>remouebuntur ab eo &longs;itu &longs;pontè, &longs;ed vi amo<lb/>ta redibunt. </s>

<s id="s.000561">His rationibus con&longs;ideratis, po&longs;<lb/>&longs;umus facere libram quæ vacua ponderibus <lb/>æqua videbitur, iu&longs;ti&longs;que notis ponderum <lb/>maius rerum ip&longs;arum pondus repræ&longs;entet. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000562">Sic enim vt Ari&longs;toteles refert, purpuram <lb/>vendentes imponebant emptoribus. </s>

<s id="s.000563">Cuius <lb/>ratio &longs;ic con&longs;tat: <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg44"/></s>

<s id="s.000564"><margin.target id="marg42"/>Cur libra <lb/>vacua redit <lb/>&longs;pontè ad &longs;i<lb/>tum rectum, <lb/>vel &longs;i pon<lb/>dera æqua<lb/>lia fuerint.</s>

<s id="s.000565"><margin.target id="marg43"/>Vt aurei iu<lb/>&longs;ti ponderis <lb/>leuiores vi<lb/>deantur, & <lb/>leues iu&longs;ti. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000566">Cur pondera <lb/>ver&longs;us me<lb/>dium mo<lb/>uentur.</s>

<s id="s.000567"><margin.target id="marg44"/>Modus fa<lb/>ciendi <expan abbr="librã">libram</expan>, <lb/>quæ pondera <lb/>rerum maio<lb/>ra quàm <lb/>&longs;int o&longs;tendat.</s>

<s id="s.000568">Volenti libram quæ pro vndecim vnciis <lb/>duodecim præ&longs;eferat, virga AB &longs;umatur <lb/>metallica, quæ in partes viginti tres æquas <lb/>( nam totidem con&longs;urgunt iunctis vndecim <lb/>ac duodecim ) diuidatur. </s>

<s id="s.000569">In fine vndecimæ <lb/>& initio duodecimæ partis figatur lingua li<lb/>bramenti & agina. </s>

<s id="s.000570">Con&longs;tat igitur DC vnde<lb/>cima parte maiorem e&longs;&longs;e AD: quumque CD <lb/>paulò maior &longs;it AD & grauior, leuiorem li<lb/>ma vel terebratione reddemus, aut lancem <lb/>leuiorem adiiciemus ip&longs;i C quàm A, adeò vt <lb/>dum lances vacuæ &longs;unt longitudinis AC, te<lb/>nuitatis pen&longs;ata ratione, trutina &longs;ub agina <lb/>iaceat, nullam in partem libra pendente: cui <lb/>tamen cùm ex parte C pondus vnciarum <lb/>vndecim adiunxerimus, & nota duodecim <lb/>vnciarum in lance A, libra æquilibrium de<lb/>mon&longs;trabit. </s>

<s id="s.000571">Quum ergo nec adulterinæ &longs;int <lb/>ponderum notæ, nec lancibus vacuis libra <lb/>videatur vitio&longs;a, fraus mutatis mercibus ac <lb/>notis hinc inde, vt notæ &longs;unt in C, merces in <lb/>A, manife&longs;tè depræhenditur. </s>

<s id="s.000572">Nam C latus <lb/>infrà de&longs;cendet duplici cau&longs;a, & quia maius <lb/>lanci &longs;uæ pondus ine&longs;t, & quia CD, ip&longs;a DA <lb/>longior e&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.000573">Difficilior ac ob&longs;curior e&longs;t &longs;tate<lb/>ræ ratio, de qua in Arithmeticis diximus. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000574">Nunc autem quum affinis &longs;it huic con&longs;ide<lb/>rationi, quantum nece&longs;&longs;arium e&longs;t huic pro<lb/>po&longs;ito, adiicere optimum erit. </s>

<s id="s.000575">Ergo tota in <lb/>tribus con&longs;tat, quorum primum e&longs;t Archi<lb/>medis in Parabolis: & e&longs;t vbi regula &longs;tate<lb/>ræ, nullius ponderis cen&longs;eatur. </s>

<s id="s.000576">Stantium in æquilibrio ponderum ratio <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg45"/><lb/>e&longs;t, vt di&longs;tantiarum à trutina mutua. </s>

<s id="s.000577">Velut &longs;i <lb/>D appen&longs;um ex lancula in C faciat æquili<lb/>brium cum G appen&longs;o in F, & proportio FB <lb/>ad BC &longs;it quadrupla, erit etiam D quadru<lb/>plum ad G Secundum, cùm in parte breuiore <lb/>fuerit &longs;olùm appen&longs;um pondus, & regula fue<lb/>rit pondero&longs;a, æqualis in magnitudine & <lb/>pondere, & fiat æquilibrium, erit proportio <lb/>ponderis appen&longs;i ad pondus totius regulæ, <lb/>vt differentiæ partium regulæ ad duplum <lb/>ponderis minoris. </s>

<s id="s.000578">Exemplum: D pondus in <lb/>C appen&longs;um faciat æquilibrium <expan abbr="c&utilde;">cum</expan> BL virga <lb/><expan abbr="ab&longs;q;">ab&longs;que</expan> alio pondere, & &longs;ic BL & BC, vt axi, <lb/>fiat æqualis BK ip&longs;i BC, tunc dico quòd pro<lb/>portio D ad pondus CL, e&longs;t veluti ponderis <lb/>LK ad pondus KC. </s>

<s id="s.000579">Sed ex hoc habetur re<lb/>gula: cognito pondere CL & CK ha<lb/>bendi pondus D, ducemus KL, quæ &longs;it 40, <lb/>gratia exempli in &longs;e, fit 1600, diuide per pon<lb/>dus CK, quod &longs;it 16, exit 100, huic adde <expan abbr="põ-dus">pon<lb/>dus</expan> KL, quod e&longs;t 40, fit <expan abbr="põdus">pondus</expan> D, 140. Et ita <lb/>poterimus ad <expan abbr="quancunq;">quancunque</expan> men&longs;uram volueri<lb/>mus &longs;cire <expan abbr="quant&utilde;">quantum</expan> <expan abbr="põderis">ponderis</expan> refert &longs;tatera. </s>

<s id="s.000580">Ter<lb/>tium habetur ex his duobus & e&longs;t, &longs;i virgula <lb/>&longs;ine pondere cen&longs;eatur, à parte <expan abbr="aut&etilde;">autem</expan> qu&etail; dif<lb/>ferentia e&longs;t <expan abbr="longitudin&utilde;">longitudinum</expan> ab agina, pondus æ<lb/>quale extendatur per <expan abbr="totã">totam</expan> <expan abbr="virgã">virgam</expan>, <expan abbr="æqual&etilde;">æqualem</expan> <expan abbr="gra-uitat&etilde;">gra<lb/>uitatem</expan> habebit cum <expan abbr="eod&etilde;">eodem</expan> pondere appen&longs;o in <lb/>puncto di&longs;tante à librili per <expan abbr="medietat&etilde;">medietatem</expan> totius <lb/>virg&etail;. </s>

<s id="s.000581">Sit vt virga CL nullius &longs;it ponderis, & <lb/>&longs;it BC æqualis BK, & coexten&longs;um <expan abbr="põdus">pondus</expan> æ<lb/>qualiter, vt &longs;ub forma tetragoni faciat <expan abbr="æqui-libri&utilde;">æqui<lb/>librium</expan> <expan abbr="c&utilde;">cum</expan> D <expan abbr="app&etilde;&longs;o">appen&longs;o</expan> in C, & &longs;umatur G <expan abbr="&etail;qui-pondi&utilde;">&etail;qui<lb/>pondium</expan> &etail;quale <expan abbr="põderi">ponderi</expan> <expan abbr="coext&etilde;&longs;o">coexten&longs;o</expan>, & &longs;it BM <expan abbr="di-midi&utilde;">di<lb/>midium</expan> totius CL, dico quòd G <expan abbr="&longs;u&longs;pens&utilde;">&longs;u&longs;pensum</expan> in M <lb/>faciet <expan abbr="æquilibri&utilde;">æquilibrium</expan> <expan abbr="c&utilde;">cum</expan> D, & ita æqualiter gra<lb/>uabit vt <expan abbr="coextens&utilde;">coextensum</expan> toti KL. </s>

<s id="s.000582">Sit igitur vt in M <lb/>faciat <expan abbr="&etail;quilibri&utilde;">&etail;quilibrium</expan> <expan abbr="c&utilde;">cum</expan> D, igitur per <expan abbr="primã">primam</expan> <expan abbr="har&utilde;">harum</expan> <lb/>proportio MB ad BC, vt D ad G. <expan abbr="It&etilde;">Item</expan> quia facit <pb pagenum="371" xlink:href="016/01/020.jpg"/><expan abbr="æquilibri&utilde;">æquilibrium</expan> D cum G coëxten&longs;o K L, &longs;i igitur <lb/>adderetur æquè graue per totam CK adhuc <lb/>faceret æquilibrium, quia in BC & BK æ<lb/>quales &longs;unt, & tunc e&longs;&longs;et proportio ponde<lb/>ris D ad pondus KL, &longs;icut ponderis LC, ad <lb/>pondus CK, ex &longs;ecunda proportione permu<lb/>tata, igitur vt longitudinis LC ad CK, quia <lb/>pondus e&longs;t æqualiter di&longs;tributum. </s>

<s id="s.000583">Sed &longs;icut <lb/>ponderis D ad pondus LK, &longs;ic D ad G, quia <lb/>&longs;uppo&longs;itum e&longs;t G & LK æqualia e&longs;&longs;e, igitur <lb/>vt LC ad CK, &longs;ic MB ad BC: quare permu<lb/>tando vt CK ad CB, &longs;ic LC ad MB: &longs;ed CB <lb/>e&longs;t dimidium CK: igitur BM e&longs;t dimidium <lb/>LC, quod erat demon&longs;trandum. </s>

<s id="s.000584">Quia verò <lb/>CB e&longs;t dimidium CK, & BM dimidium <lb/>CL, &longs;equitur vt MK &longs;it dimidium KL, & ita <lb/>e&longs;t ac &longs;i &longs;u&longs;pen&longs;um e&longs;&longs;et in medio loci cui <lb/>coextenditur. </s>

<s id="s.000585">Vnumquodque igitur pondus, <lb/>iuxta Archimedem, quantumvis inæquale, <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg46"/><lb/>vt triangulum tantum affert grauitatis, coex<lb/>ten&longs;um virgulæ, quantum &longs;i &longs;u&longs;pendatur ex <lb/>centro in loco vbi centrum grauitatis &longs;e<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg47"/><lb/>cundum perpendiculum &longs;itum e&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.000586">Hoc au<lb/>tem generaliter &longs;upponit, etiam&longs;i pondus <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb/>extendatur v&longs;que ad aginam, &longs;ed coex-ten<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg48"/><lb/>datur, gratia exempli per L F, & centrum <lb/>eius &longs;it in directo E, tunc dicit, e&longs;t ac &longs;i &longs;u&longs;<lb/>penderetur in ip&longs;o E. </s>

<s id="s.000587">Ex his, vt in Arithme<lb/>ticis docuimus, colligitur ratio conficien<lb/>di &longs;tateras. </s>

<s id="s.000588"><margin.target id="marg45"/>Stateræ ra<lb/>tio.</s>

<s id="s.000589"><margin.target id="marg46"/>Parabola <lb/>quinta.</s>

<s id="s.000590"><margin.target id="marg47"/>Parabola <lb/>octaua.</s>

<s id="s.000591"><margin.target id="marg48"/>Statera <lb/>quomodo <lb/>perfecta e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>po&longs;&longs;it.</s>

<s id="s.000592">Nunc &longs;olum demon&longs;trare oportet, quo<lb/>modo &longs;tatera perfecta e&longs;&longs;e po&longs;&longs;it: et&longs;i in pre<lb/>cio&longs;is mercibus mercatores libra vtantur. </s>

<s id="s.000593">Sit <lb/>igitur &longs;tatera diui&longs;a tuo modo cum pondere <lb/>auxiliari, quod mobile e&longs;t G, & æquiponi<lb/>deret G in F ip&longs;i D, quia itaque D æqui<lb/>ponderat G in F, & etiam regulæ KL. </s>

<s id="s.000594">Po<lb/>nantur enim N pars D, quæ facit <expan abbr="æquilibri&utilde;">æquilibrium</expan> <lb/><expan abbr="c&utilde;">cum</expan> LK, & O pars reliqua D, quæ facit <expan abbr="æqui-libri&utilde;">æqui<lb/>librium</expan> cum G. </s>

<s id="s.000595">Igitur iuxta <expan abbr="primã">primam</expan> <expan abbr="regulã">regulam</expan> pro<lb/>portio O ad G, vt FB ad BC. </s>

<s id="s.000596">Proportio ve<lb/>rò N ad LK, & e&longs;t vt LK &longs;u&longs;pen&longs;a in M, ex <lb/>tertia regula, vt L C ad CK ex &longs;ecunda re<lb/>gula. </s>

<s id="s.000597">Igitur &longs;tatuemus pondus N primò in <lb/>directo D, deinde facto æquilibrio additio <lb/>O &longs;emper e&longs;t &longs;ecundum proportionem ad G, <lb/>vt partis LB ad BC. </s>

<s id="s.000598">Secundum igitur æqua<lb/>lia incrementa BL cre&longs;cet O, &longs;ed N manet <lb/>idem &longs;emper: igitur &longs;ecundum æqualia in<lb/>crementa partium B L cre&longs;cet D pondus. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000599">Æqua igitur &longs;tatera fieret, &longs;i ad <expan abbr="Capponãtur">C apponantur</expan> <lb/>pondus faciens <expan abbr="equilibr&utilde;">equilibrum</expan> <expan abbr="c&utilde;">cum</expan> LK: inde diuida<lb/>mus &longs;patia ab agina ad L per æqualia. </s>

<s id="s.000600">Sed <lb/>quia ip&longs;i <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="appon&utilde;t">apponunt</expan> pondus in C, <expan abbr="nece&longs;&longs;ari&utilde;">nece&longs;&longs;arium</expan> <lb/>e&longs;t vt prima nota, puta P, o&longs;tendat etiam <lb/>pondus LK: vt &longs;i LK ponderis libras duas, <lb/>& D pondus duas libras æquet, nota primi <lb/>ponderis e&longs;&longs;et in K, exempli gratia: &longs;ed quia <lb/>G po&longs;itum in K, grauaret quantum quatuor <lb/>libræ, & præter id etiam LK grauitatem <lb/>efficit duarum librarum, igitur oporteret vt <lb/>D e&longs;&longs;et librarum &longs;ex, igitur pondus e&longs;&longs;et li<lb/>brarum &longs;ex, & o&longs;tenderet tantùm quatuor. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000601">Ob id faciemus primam notam quatuor li<lb/>brarum in P, nam & ibi C grauitatem effi<lb/>cit duarum librarum, & LK duarum alia<lb/>rum, igitur pondus D erit quatuor librarum, <lb/>quod faciet æquilibrium: igitur nota qua<lb/>tuor librarum primarum erit in P, & multò <lb/>minus ab agina di&longs;tans, quàm reliquæ inter<lb/>&longs;e. </s>

<s id="s.000602">At verò reliquæ inter &longs;e æquidi&longs;tabunt, <lb/>vt &longs;i &longs;ecunda fit in Q, tertia erit in H, & <lb/>quarta in M, & quinta in R, & &longs;exta in E: <lb/>ideoque po&longs;ito G in E, o&longs;tendet libras vigin<lb/>tiquatuor. </s>

<s id="s.000603">Manife&longs;tum e&longs;t autem ex hoc, <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg49"/><lb/>quod commodum affert non leue, quò G <lb/>&longs;it pondus per &longs;e notum, id e&longs;t, libra, vel bi<lb/>libra, vel trilibra. </s>

<s id="s.000604"><margin.target id="marg49"/>Media pon<lb/>derum quo<lb/>modo ha<lb/>beantur.</s>

<s id="s.000605">Centra autem ponderum in circulis & <lb/>rectangulis &longs;unt in communi &longs;ectione di<lb/>metientium duarum. </s>

<s id="s.000606">In omnibus autem <lb/>figuris æquilateris, quæ circulo po&longs;&longs;unt <lb/>in&longs;cribi, centrum grauitatis idem e&longs;t cum <lb/>centro circuli circum&longs;cribentis. </s>

<s id="s.000607">Supponitur <lb/>autem in omnibus, quòd pondero&longs;a hæc æ<lb/>qualem vbique habeant cra&longs;&longs;itudinem, & <lb/>quòd ex materia quæ vbique æqualem &longs;or<lb/>tiatur grauitatem, con&longs;tituantur. </s>

<s id="s.000608">In trigonis <lb/>autem omnibus in communi &longs;ectione trium <lb/>linearum, quarum &longs;ingulæ ad &longs;ingula latera <lb/>ex angulis oppo&longs;itis venientes, ea per æqua<lb/>lia diuidunt. </s>

<s id="s.000609">Has verò in vnum punctum <lb/>&longs;ecando &longs;e inuicem concurrere nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t: <lb/>et&longs;i id Archimedes non demon&longs;trauerit. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000610">Nos autem in Geometricis elementis illud <lb/>o&longs;tendimus generaliter, nunc autem pro ne<lb/>ce&longs;&longs;itate declarabitur. </s>

<s id="s.000611">Nam diui&longs;is per æqualia lateribus AB & <lb/>AC in D & E, & ducta CD, BE, & per <lb/>communem &longs;ectionem AGH & DE, quæ <lb/>erit æquidi&longs;tans lateri tertio, vnde BEC & <lb/>CDB erunt æquales, quia in eadem ba&longs;i <lb/>BC, &longs;ubducto BCG, communi erit CEG æ<lb/>qualis DBC, ip&longs;i autem &longs;unt æquales AGE <lb/>& AGD, quia in æquis ba&longs;ibus & inter æ<lb/>quidi&longs;tantes, quare AGE & AGD æquales. <lb/><figure id="id.016.01.020.1.jpg" xlink:href="016/01/020/1.jpg"/><lb/>Quumque &longs;int &longs;uper eandem lineam AG, <lb/>erunt æqualis altitudinis, qui altitudo e&longs;t tri<lb/>gonorum etiam FGD, & FGE, qui <expan abbr="con&longs;i&longs;t&utilde;t">con&longs;i&longs;tunt</expan> <lb/>in eadem ba&longs;i FG, igitur etiam ip&longs;i inter &longs;e <lb/>&longs;unt æquales, Quia verò BC æquidi&longs;tat DE, <lb/>erunt ex 29 primi elementorum & 25. eiu&longs;<lb/>dem, DGE & BGC æquianguli, & propor<lb/>tio BG ad GE, vt CG ad GD. ex ei&longs;dem <lb/>etiam BGH & GEF &longs;imiles, itemque GCH <lb/>& DGF. quare proportio trigoni BGH ad <lb/>EFG, vt BG ad GE dupla, & CGH ad DFG, <lb/>vt CG ad GD dupla, e&longs;t autem ( vt dictum <lb/>fuit ) CG ad GD, vt BG, ad GE, quare BGH <lb/>ad EFG, yt HCG ad DFG: quare cum DFG <lb/>& EFG æquales &longs;int, erunt BGH & CGH <lb/>æquales: quumque &longs;int inter æquidi&longs;tantes, <lb/>erunt in ba&longs;ibus æqualibus BH & HC, igi<lb/>tur trigoni omnes ABH, ACH, CDB, CDA, <lb/>BEC, BEA, erunt, medietas ABC, quare ap<lb/>pen&longs;us trigonus in G, in nullam poterit par<lb/>tem inclinari. </s>

<s id="s.000612">Centrum autem &longs;ectionis pa<lb/>rabol&etail; &longs;eu coni rectanguli e&longs;t in eius dime<lb/>tiente, quæ à &longs;ummo ad medium ba&longs;is in eo <lb/>puncto qui à &longs;ummitate coni dimidio plus <lb/>di&longs;tat quàm à ba&longs;i, quæ e&longs;t recta linea &longs;up-<pb pagenum="372" xlink:href="016/01/021.jpg"/>po&longs;ita angulo coni. </s>

<s id="s.000613">Cum itaque fuerit po&longs;ita <lb/>virga æqualis CL ponderis vnciarum 7, & <lb/>librile in B, ita quod KL &longs;it 10. & KC, 4. & G <lb/>libra vna, &longs;ic con&longs;tituemus &longs;tateram. </s>

<s id="s.000614">Ducam <lb/>pondus LK, quod e&longs;t 5, in &longs;e, fit 25, diuido <lb/>per pondus KC, quod e&longs;t 2, fit 12 1/2, cui ad<lb/>do vncias 5, LK, fit 17 1/2: ponam igitur CD <lb/>vinculum ferreum vncias 5 1/2, & relinque<lb/>tur pondus LK vnius libræ. </s>

<s id="s.000615">Cùm igitur po<lb/>&longs;uerimus G in K &etail;quabitur libr&etail;, & aliam <lb/>libram oportebit addere in D propter LK, <lb/>igitur in K o&longs;tendemus duas libras, & &longs;ic &longs;cri<lb/>bemus, deinde S 3, in T 4, in F 5. in V 6, in L, <lb/>quis &longs;patiis. </s>

<s id="s.000616">Ex hoc patet quòd omnia hæc <lb/>&longs;patia per vncias di&longs;tribui poterunt, præter <lb/>primum BK. </s>

<s id="s.000617">Po&longs;&longs;emus tamen & ip&longs;um di<lb/>uidere, vt in B libra intelligatur, & AB in <lb/>K vnci&etail; per æqua &longs;patia addit&etail; <expan abbr="&longs;ignificab&utilde;t">&longs;ignificabunt</expan>, <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg50"/><lb/>prima 13. &longs;ecunda 14. tertia 15. & ita de aliis. </s>

<s id="s.000618"><margin.target id="marg50"/>Cur libræ <lb/>&longs;unt plerum<lb/>que exactio<lb/>nes &longs;tateris.</s>

<s id="s.000619">Patet autem cau&longs;a ex his, quare libr&etail; tri<lb/>bus cau&longs;is &longs;tateris &longs;int exactiores. </s>

<s id="s.000620">Hoc au<lb/>tem ab initio propo&longs;itum fuit. </s>

<s id="s.000621">Nam in &longs;ta<lb/>tera difficile e&longs;t virgulam adeò exactam in <lb/>magnitudine con&longs;tituere: & &longs;i etiam &longs;it in <lb/>magnitudine, non erit in pondere: vix enim <lb/>hoc a&longs;&longs;equi po&longs;&longs;umus. </s>

<s id="s.000622">Secundò difficillimum <lb/>e&longs;t per æqualia interualla omninò ad amu&longs;<lb/>&longs;im diuidere LB. </s>

<s id="s.000623">Tertiò pondus rarò in ex<lb/>tremo C appendi &longs;olet, quod cùm citra <lb/>appenditur, confu&longs;ionem parit. </s>

<s id="s.000624"><expan abbr="S&utilde;t">Sunt</expan> & additamenta multa quæ <expan abbr="vitiãt">vitiant</expan> &longs;tate<lb/>ram, horum nullum in libra e&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.000625">Ob id præ<lb/>cio&longs;a non in &longs;tatera &longs;ed libra &longs;olent exami<lb/>nari. </s>

<s id="s.000626">Multum autem refert ad exactam &longs;ta<lb/>ter&etail; &longs;tructuram, vt G leue &longs;it, tum etiam <lb/>LC, & quod LB tripla &longs;it BC. nam &longs;ic LK <lb/>æqualis erit KC, & quòd vincula CD in ex<lb/>tremo &longs;int LC, & &etail;qualis ponderis cum LK. <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg51"/><lb/>Hoc enim &longs;tater&etail; genus, libr&etail; <expan abbr="proxim&utilde;">proximum</expan> erit. </s>

<s id="s.000627"><margin.target id="marg51"/>Vtres quan<lb/>tum ponderis <lb/>in aqua &longs;u<lb/>&longs;tineant. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000628">Quomodo <lb/>homo aquæ <lb/>immobilis ac <lb/>&longs;upinus &longs;u<lb/>per&longs;tet.</s>

<s id="s.000629">Quantum verò ponderis vtres in aqua <lb/>&longs;u&longs;tineant pro pontibus con&longs;truendis, expe<lb/>rimentum docet. </s>

<s id="s.000630">Nam ve&longs;ica plena aëre, <lb/>qu&etail; capax fuit quinque librarum aqu&etail; & <lb/>vnci&etail;, pondus librarum quatuordecim ac &longs;e<lb/>mis laterum &longs;u&longs;tinebat: quo fit vt in flumi<lb/>num aqua triplum fermè ponderis aquæ, <lb/>cuius &longs;unt capaces vtres, continere po&longs;&longs;int. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000631">Illud etiam non pr&etail;termittendum, ex den&longs;i<lb/>tatis ratione oriri, vt homines cùm ita &longs;e <lb/>continuerint &longs;upini in aqua, vt velut iacula<lb/>tores in funibus nullam penitùs in partem <lb/>flectantur immobiles, tum nequaquam mer<lb/>gi. </s>

<s id="s.000632">Hoc tamen cùm per &longs;e &longs;it difficillimum, <lb/>ob motum etiam & aquæ in&etail;qualitatem <lb/>etiam redditur difficiliùs. </s>

<s id="s.000633">Atque hacte<lb/>nus de rerum mortalium principiis di<lb/>ctum &longs;it. </s>

<s id="s.000634"><emph type="center"/>LIBER SECVNDVS.<emph.end type="center"/></s>

<s id="s.000635"><emph type="center"/>De Elementis & eorum motibus & <lb/>actionibus.<emph.end type="center"/><lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg52"/></s>

<s id="s.000636"><margin.target id="marg52"/>De elemen<lb/>torum nu.</s>

<s id="s.000637">NVNC verò de Elementis aga<lb/>mus, quæ forma & materia <lb/>prima con&longs;tant, & animata <lb/>qua&longs;i videntur: ea Græcis <lb/><foreign lang="greek">soix<gap/>_a</foreign> vocant. </s>

<s id="s.000638">Perdi&longs;cere au<lb/>tem primum oportet, quot & quænam &longs;int. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000639">Ari&longs;toteles quatuor exi&longs;timat, terram, <expan abbr="aquã">aquam</expan>, <lb/>aërem, atque ignem. </s>

<s id="s.000640">Primùm enim quatuor <lb/>qualitates primæ &longs;unt. </s>

<s id="s.000641">Hæ &longs;olæ non con&longs;ti<lb/>tuunt elementum, quia vim non haberent <lb/>agendi ac patiendi: nec plu&longs;quam duæ &longs;i<lb/>mul e&longs;&longs;e po&longs;&longs;unt, quin contraria &longs;imul &longs;int. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000642">Nam calidi, frigidi, &longs;icci atque humidi, &longs;i <lb/>tria quomodolibet acceperis, contraria ac<lb/>cipere nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.000643">Sed nec calidum cum fri<lb/>gido, nec &longs;iccum cum humido iungi pote&longs;t. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000644">Igitur binis iunctis qualitatibus neque con<lb/>trariis, &longs;imul tantùm quatuor fient coniu<lb/>gationes, quæ quatuor elementa con&longs;ti<lb/>tuent. </s>

<s id="s.000645">Inter imum etiam locum atque &longs;u<lb/>premum, &longs;impliciter duo loca intercidere <lb/>nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t, imum non exqui&longs;itè, atque &longs;u<lb/>premum: atque eo totidem &longs;implicia cor<lb/>pora. </s>

<s id="s.000646">Videmus etiam, & &longs;i quid probabilia <lb/>argumenta faciunt, in mi&longs;tis ip&longs;is quatuor <lb/>elementa: nam de terra, aëre & aqua, nemo <lb/>dubitare pote&longs;t ob magnitudinem, & maxi<lb/>mas moles, vt mare aquarum, aëris & terræ <lb/>in vniuer&longs;o: ignis verò incrementa, & po<lb/>tentiam, ac &longs;implicitatem, cuius etiam fons <lb/>in Lunæ concauo e&longs;&longs;e creditur. </s>

<s id="s.000647">Plures etiam <lb/>exi&longs;timant in di&longs;tilationibus hæc quatuor <lb/>videri: & humores totidem in animalibus <lb/>&longs;en&longs;us depræhendi. </s>

<s id="s.000648">Quinetiam multi arbi<lb/>trantur ob hoc Cometes fieri, quòd &longs;ub c&oelig;<lb/>lo ab ignis elemento vapores accendantur. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000649">Sed certè &longs;ub c&oelig;lo Lunæ nullus e&longs;t ignis: <lb/>nam quum c&oelig;lum puri&longs;&longs;ima res &longs;it, non <lb/>decuit &longs;ub omnis qualitatis experte re, ar<lb/>denti&longs;&longs;imam colloca&longs;&longs;e. </s>

<s id="s.000650">Natura enim &longs;em<lb/>per extrema mediis iungit. </s>

<s id="s.000651">Inter carnem <lb/>enim & os, membranam: inter os & liga<lb/>menta, cartilagines: inter os & cerebrum, <lb/>quòd carne cerebrum e&longs;&longs;et mollius, dupli<lb/>cem membranam, ac duriorem o&longs;&longs;i pro<lb/>pinquiorem collocauit. </s>

<s id="s.000652">Nec motus veloci<lb/>tas, caloris aut cau&longs;a, aut argumentum e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>pote&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.000653">Nanque ea quæ con&longs;tant, et&longs;i motu <lb/>accendantur, vt lapides, plumbum & anima<lb/>lia, quæ tamen di&longs;&longs;ipantur, quò celerius mo<lb/>uentur, eò fiunt frigidiora, vt aqua & aër: <lb/>venti enim validi omnes frigidi, & flumina <lb/>celeriter fluentia frigidi&longs;&longs;imas habent aquas. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000654">E&longs;t etiam aliud non leue argumentum huius <pb pagenum="373" xlink:href="016/01/022.jpg"/>rei, quòd Cometes, aut faces calores his ac<lb/>cendunt intolerabiles: quid igitur fiet &longs;i tan<lb/>ta regio & vniuer&longs;us orbe igne ambiatur? <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000655">Quid enim prohibebit, ne aërem ip&longs;um ac<lb/>cendat, inde hæc omnia reliqua, tum maxi<lb/>mè quòd calor &longs;iderum adiuuabit. </s>

<s id="s.000656">Omnem <lb/>enim lucem Auerroës calidam e&longs;&longs;e exi&longs;timat. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000657">Aërem etiam calidum maximè e&longs;&longs;e volunt: <lb/>humida autem qualitas omnium minimè re<lb/>&longs;i&longs;tit. </s>

<s id="s.000658">Quomodo igitur violenti&longs;&longs;imo & ma<lb/>ximo, & acerrimo elementorum aër ip&longs;e re<lb/>pugnabit? </s>

<s id="s.000659">Itaque Auerroës ip&longs;e hoc videns </s>

<s id="s.000660"><arrow.to.target n="marg53"/><lb/>dixit, aliquando ignem <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> e&longs;&longs;e calidum actu: <lb/>&longs;ed &longs;i calidus non e&longs;t actu, quæ potentia hæc <lb/>e&longs;t: Potentia dicimus medicamenta talia, <lb/>quòd deuorata calefaciunt: an verò hic ignis <lb/>ab aliquo <expan abbr="ing&etilde;ti">ingenti</expan> animali deuorabitur? </s>

<s id="s.000661">Dein<lb/>de, &longs;i ignis calidus non e&longs;t, nec aqua pari ra<lb/>tione frigida (hoc autem e&longs;t confundere or<lb/>dinem vniuer&longs;i <emph type="italics"/>)<emph.end type="italics"/> quid etiam prohibet ne lu<lb/>ceat? </s>

<s id="s.000662">quanquam hoc eludant vt leue argu<lb/>mentum. </s>

<s id="s.000663">Si etiam ibi ignis e&longs;t, cur quantò <lb/>altius a&longs;cendimus, cuncta frigidiora appa<lb/>rent, vt etiam &longs;ub torrida zona in montium <lb/>cacuminibus niues abundare <expan abbr="affirm&etilde;t">affirment</expan>? </s>

<s id="s.000664">Quod <lb/>minus mirum e&longs;t, &longs;i quis con&longs;ideret non &longs;o<lb/>lùm hyeme niues, &longs;ed media etiam æ&longs;tate fri<lb/>gidi&longs;&longs;imas grandines generari. </s>

<s id="s.000665">Sed dicunt <lb/>abe&longs;&longs;e ea loca à radiorum repercu&longs;&longs;u: &longs;ed hoc <lb/>minoris caliditatis argumentum e&longs;&longs;e pote&longs;t, <lb/>non autem frigiditatis. </s>

<s id="s.000666">Denique &longs;i ibi e&longs;&longs;et, <lb/>maximè ob generationem e&longs;&longs;et: verùm non <lb/>ob hoc e&longs;&longs;e pote&longs;t, cùm calor c&oelig;le&longs;tis &longs;it qui <lb/>generet, vel ip&longs;o te&longs;te philo&longs;opho, & leui&longs;&longs;i<lb/>ma res tam procul de&longs;cendere haud queat. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000667">For&longs;an quis ignem ferri hunc &longs;ur&longs;um dicet, <lb/>atque ex eo coniectabitur ibi locum illius <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e. </s>

<s id="s.000668">Sed primùm argumenta hæc rhetorica, <lb/>indigna &longs;unt vt in rebus &longs;eriis adducantur: <lb/>neque hic ignis illius naturæ e&longs;t, cuius &longs;u<lb/>periorem e&longs;&longs;e ferunt, cùm hic vrat, &longs;plen<lb/>deat, corrumpat, quorum nullum illi ine&longs;&longs;e <lb/>ferunt. </s>

<s id="s.000669">Dicemus etiam po&longs;t hæc, cur id con<lb/>tingat: & quòd non &longs;emper etiam contin<lb/>gat docebimus. </s>

<s id="s.000670">Nec illud argumenta <expan abbr="probãt">probant</expan>, <lb/>imò potius oppo&longs;itum. </s>

<s id="s.000671">Nam inter duo ex<lb/>trema, non duo, &longs;ed tantùm vnum &longs;olet a&longs;&longs;i<lb/>gnari medium. </s>

<s id="s.000672">Quòd &longs;i &longs;tatuatur, non qua<lb/>tuor, &longs;ed tria tantùm erunt elementa. </s>

<s id="s.000673">Quòd &longs;i <lb/>hoc non demon&longs;trat, multò minus quatuor <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e demon&longs;trabit. </s>

<s id="s.000674">Nec faces aut cometes <lb/>nobis in&longs;inuant e&longs;&longs;e ibi ignem, cùm ip&longs;e <lb/>Philo&longs;ophus &longs;ub igne ac iuxta terram in aë<lb/>re fieri affirmet hæc ip&longs;a, vt ignis penitùs in<lb/>digna non &longs;int. </s>

<s id="s.000675">Sed neque in mi&longs;tis videtur <lb/>ignis. </s>

<s id="s.000676">Nam &longs;i modò e&longs;&longs;et, in euforbio & pi<lb/>pere potius e&longs;&longs;et, quorum vis calida e&longs;t, ac <lb/>&longs;icca non mediocriter, quàm in frigidi&longs;&longs;imis <lb/>lapidibus. </s>

<s id="s.000677">De&longs;tillationes etiam, tres &longs;ub&longs;tan<lb/>tias tantùm docent, aquam pro aqua, oleum <lb/>vice aëris, & terram quæ in imo &longs;ub&longs;idet. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000678">Quòd &longs;i dicas, olei partem rubicundiorem <lb/>ignem referre quòd acuti&longs;&longs;ima &longs;it, re&longs;ponde<lb/>mus & &longs;erò, hanc ac uitatem, acremque &longs;apo<lb/>rem ex ignis vi acriore profici&longs;ci. </s>

<s id="s.000679">Indicio <lb/>e&longs;t, quòd metallicorum olei nulla e&longs;t pars <lb/>expers acerrimi &longs;aporis. </s>

<s id="s.000680">Quare &longs;i hoc totum <lb/>quod acerrimum e&longs;t ignem refert, acris ni<lb/>hil omninò ine&longs;&longs;e oportet. </s>

<s id="s.000681">Quate etiam ad <lb/>tria tantùm redimus elementa. </s>

<s id="s.000682">Humores <lb/>in animalibus quatuor &longs;unt: &longs;ed quid hoc <lb/>ad elementa? </s>

<s id="s.000683">quid &longs;i tantùm tria cum <lb/>Thru&longs;iano expo&longs;itore artis medicæ Galeni <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e dicam? </s>

<s id="s.000684">Sed tamen &longs;en&longs;us o&longs;tendit e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>quatuor? </s>

<s id="s.000685">Nequaquam: nam nec ip&longs;i faten<lb/>tur hunc ignem elementum e&longs;&longs;e. </s>

<s id="s.000686">Quare po<lb/>tius tria declarat nobis &longs;en&longs;us, quàm qua<lb/>tuor. </s>

<s id="s.000687">Neque quod celeriter exedat omnia, <lb/>ideo dicendum elementum: nam &longs;ic etiam <lb/>motus elementum e&longs;&longs;et: nec quia celeriter <lb/>cre&longs;cat, nam mures & ip&longs;i elementum e&longs;<lb/>&longs;ent. </s>

<s id="s.000688">Sed horum neutrum terræ ine&longs;t, quam <lb/>tamen omnes vno ore elementum e&longs;&longs;e fa<lb/>tentur. </s>

<s id="s.000689">Omnia igitur ad hæc, ad demon<lb/>&longs;trandum quatuor e&longs;&longs;e elementa, tum etiam <lb/>ignem elementum e&longs;&longs;e, parum habent fidei: <lb/>quin imò vt ab initio propo&longs;uimus, oppo&longs;i<lb/>tum potius o&longs;tendunt. </s>

<s id="s.000690">Supererat illud ma<lb/>ximum à qualitatum coniugationibus at <lb/>non vident hoc in mi&longs;tis o&longs;tendere: calida <lb/>enim quædam &longs;unt & humida, alia calida <lb/>& &longs;icca, atque &longs;ic deinceps. </s>

<s id="s.000691">At in elemen<lb/>tis quoniam calor & &longs;iccitas tam immodica <lb/>ad interitum omnia erant traductura, pro <lb/>elemento c&oelig;le&longs;tem calorem ac bene tem<lb/>peratum &longs;ub&longs;tituit, ex quo omnia genera<lb/>rentur. </s>

<s id="s.000692">Hoc quidem ac putredine tum motu <lb/>generari &longs;olet materia, quam ignem vocant. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000693">Ignis <expan abbr="itaq;">itaque</expan> &longs;it, &longs;ed elementorum <expan abbr="nequaquã">nequaquam</expan>. </s>

<s id="s.000694"><margin.target id="marg53"/>Primo Can<lb/>ticæ com<lb/>mente 15.</s>

<s id="s.000695">Iam &longs;cio quid dicturi &longs;int nonnulli. </s>

<s id="s.000696">Quis <lb/>tu es tam audax, qui aduer&longs;us Philo&longs;ophum <lb/>&longs;entire audes? </s>

<s id="s.000697">præ&longs;ertim in tam confirmata, <lb/>atque antiqua rerum &longs;ententia. </s>

<s id="s.000698">Deinde, quo<lb/>nam pacto grandinum & niuis generatio <lb/>o&longs;tendet ignem ibi non e&longs;&longs;e, quum etiam&longs;i <lb/>nullus ad&longs;it ignis, attamen non par e&longs;t regio<lb/>nem illam e&longs;&longs;e &longs;rigidi&longs;&longs;imam, cùm radiis &longs;y<lb/>derum illu&longs;tretur, & nihilominus aër ip&longs;e, in <lb/>quo &longs;ita ea e&longs;t regio, calidi&longs;&longs;imus &longs;it? </s>

<s id="s.000699">Ignem <lb/>quoque cùm dicimus atque elementum, rem <lb/>pror&longs;us calidi&longs;&longs;imam ac &longs;icci&longs;&longs;imam intelli<lb/>gimus: hic no&longs;ter ignis calidi&longs;&longs;imus e&longs;t ac <lb/>&longs;icci&longs;&longs;imus, quo fit vt immi&longs;tus etiam &longs;it: <lb/>nam &longs;i mi&longs;tus e&longs;&longs;et, talis e&longs;&longs;e non po&longs;&longs;et, <lb/>quare hic ignis elementum e&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.000700">Hæc &longs;unt qu&etail; tamet&longs;i non mihi <expan abbr="obiiciãtur">obiiciantur</expan>, <lb/>obiici tamen po&longs;&longs;e &longs;entio. </s>

<s id="s.000701">Ergo vt ad <expan abbr="Ari&longs;to-tel&etilde;">Ari&longs;to<lb/>telem</expan> <expan abbr="deueniã">deueniam</expan>, homo ille fuit, & in di&longs;&longs;ectione <lb/>ac &longs;ingularibus in multis aberrauit. </s>

<s id="s.000702"><expan abbr="Quin-etiã">Quin<lb/>etiam</expan> illo po&longs;teriores & Theophra&longs;tus, & Ga<lb/>lenus plura perperàm &longs;cripsêre, <expan abbr="itaq;">itaque</expan> &longs;i licuit <lb/>illi Platonem ob veritatem relinquere, cur <lb/>etiam ob <expan abbr="eand&etilde;">eandem</expan> illum nobis de&longs;erere non li<lb/>cebit? </s>

<s id="s.000703">Propo&longs;itiones qua&longs;dam conatus e&longs;t ge<lb/>nerales a&longs;truere, quas experimentum fal&longs;as <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e docet: vt, quòd <expan abbr="null&utilde;">nullum</expan> animal bene oleat, <lb/>quodque graue non po&longs;&longs;it, vtrinque promi<lb/>nere, atque ideo terra non ex vtraque parte <lb/>aquis promineat, quæ tamen experimento <lb/>fal&longs;a e&longs;&longs;e depræhenduntur. </s>

<s id="s.000704"><expan abbr="Itaq;">Itaque</expan> &longs;i inter mil<lb/>le propo&longs;itiones, in duabus, aut tribus aber<lb/>ra&longs;&longs;e illum fateamur, haud rem homine indi<lb/>gnam etiam &longs;apienti&longs;&longs;imo feci&longs;&longs;e illum di<lb/>cemus. </s>

<s id="s.000705">Nam & ab Auerroë ip&longs;o in paucis <lb/>de&longs;eritur, in nonnullis coarguitur, in pluri<lb/>bus verò &longs;en&longs;u tran&longs;po&longs;ito defenditur. </s>

<s id="s.000706">Hoc <lb/>autem verè e&longs;t etiam ip&longs;um confutare, non <lb/>tueri. </s>

<s id="s.000707">Sed <expan abbr="neq;">neque</expan> in hoc di&longs;&longs;entimus ab Ari&longs;to<lb/>tele: <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> in <expan abbr="cõcauo">concauo</expan> orbis Lunæ, nec <expan abbr="ign&etilde;">ignem</expan> e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>vult, nec rem <expan abbr="calidi&longs;&longs;imã">calidi&longs;&longs;imam</expan>. </s>

<s id="s.000708">Quod ad regionem <pb pagenum="374" xlink:href="016/01/023.jpg"/>aëris attinet, palàm e&longs;t illam e&longs;&longs;e frigidi&longs;&longs;i<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg54"/><lb/>mam: quia (vt o&longs;tendemus) omnia elemen<lb/>ta talia &longs;unt. </s>

<s id="s.000709">Nam quod de vaporibus dici<lb/>tur, & vocata anti&longs;pa&longs;i, fabulæ &longs;imilius e&longs;t, <lb/>quàm hi&longs;toriæ rei naturalis. </s>

<s id="s.000710">Quamobrem &longs;i <lb/>ignis in concauo Lunæ ponatur, ac ocy&longs;<lb/>&longs;imè ibi circumuolui, erit hic frigidi&longs;&longs;imus. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000711">Ergo nos illud oppugnamus, non experi<lb/>mentum de&longs;erimus. </s>

<s id="s.000712">Quippe luce manife&longs;tius <lb/>e&longs;t aërem illic e&longs;&longs;e frigidi&longs;&longs;imum, tum verò <lb/>magis eum qui in concauo Lunæ e&longs;t: &longs;ed <lb/>temperatur propinquitate &longs;yderum, & ma<lb/>ximè Lunæ. </s>

<s id="s.000713">Et quanquam Luna tantum vni <lb/>parti paruæ è directo &longs;it, quia tamen totum <lb/>mi&longs;cetur &longs;imul ac tenui&longs;&longs;imæ e&longs;t &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ, <lb/>ideo aër ille e&longs;t temperati&longs;&longs;imus, idem etiam <lb/>puri&longs;&longs;imus ac limpidi&longs;&longs;imus, ac totus &longs;ynce<lb/>rus: qua de cau&longs;a æthera ip&longs;um antiqui, & re<lb/>ctè, imò & philo&longs;ophus ip&longs;e quandoque ap<lb/>pellauit. </s>

<s id="s.000714">Congruit hic belli&longs;&longs;imè loco ac c&oelig;<lb/>li naturæ, vt qui tenuitate & qualitatis tem<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg55"/><lb/>peramento fermè &longs;it &longs;imilis. </s>

<s id="s.000715">Neque enim æ<lb/>ther ideò temperatus e&longs;t, quia æqualiter <lb/>commi&longs;tus ex calido & frigido, &longs;ed quia <lb/>vtriu&longs; que &longs;it expers qualitatis. </s>

<s id="s.000716">Similiter nec <lb/>&longs;iccus dici pote&longs;t, qui fluit: nec humidus, <lb/>quia non madefacit: &longs;ed purus ( vt dixi ) ac <lb/>limpidus, atque hic ad generationem apti&longs;&longs;i<lb/>mus, de quo inferiùs dicemus. <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg56"/></s>

<s id="s.000717"><margin.target id="marg54"/>1. Meteoro <lb/>rum c.4.</s>

<s id="s.000718"><margin.target id="marg55"/>Æther quid <lb/>&longs;it, & vbi.</s>

<s id="s.000719"><margin.target id="marg56"/>Aër frigidus <lb/>e&longs;t natura, <lb/>non calidus.</s>

<s id="s.000720">Quòd verò aër calidi&longs;&longs;imus &longs;it, hoc nullum <lb/>experimentum dolet, nulla ratio cogit, imò <lb/>&longs;pontè quidem frigidi&longs;&longs;imus: atque hæc om<lb/>nia experimentis quidem con&longs;entiunt. </s>

<s id="s.000721">Chi<lb/>mærica illa Ari&longs;totelicorum, ne illum accu<lb/>&longs;are videar, <expan abbr="cõmenta">commenta</expan> in inexplicabiles quæ<lb/>&longs;tiones, quæ adhuc &longs;ub iudice &longs;unt, <expan abbr="terminã-tur">terminan<lb/>tur</expan>. </s>

<s id="s.000722">Itaque melius e&longs;t paucis immutatis tue<lb/>ri veritatem atque experimenta ip&longs;a, quàm <lb/>in perpetuum cum illis nugantes de rerum <lb/>natura nihil &longs;cire. </s>

<s id="s.000723">Quis enim ni&longs;i amens au<lb/>diat di&longs;&longs;erentem atque affirmantem, aërem <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e calidum in extremo ac &longs;ummo, deinde <lb/>ob &longs;olum motum, aut vapores ab&longs;que motu, <lb/>vt &longs;ub &longs;eptentrione, adeò fieri frigidum, vt <lb/>glaciem, niuem ac grandinem gignat, nemo<lb/>que citra Solis vim de aëris calore conque<lb/>&longs;tus &longs;it, de frigore omnes quærantur, & ta<lb/>men audeant aëri non aliam fermè quam <lb/>igni tribuere caliditatem. </s>

<s id="s.000724">Cur ignis cùm te<lb/>nuiore &longs;it &longs;ub&longs;tantia quàm aër, nunquam à <lb/>&longs;uo immen&longs;o calore de&longs;tituitur, aut illius na<lb/>tura ac feruor mite&longs;cit? </s>

<s id="s.000725">non dicam vt frigi<lb/>dus euadat. </s>

<s id="s.000726">Quòd &longs;i dicant, aërem hunc non <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e aërem qui mouetur, aut qui vapores ex<lb/>cipiat, impo&longs;&longs;ibile enim e&longs;t tanta facta tran&longs;<lb/>mutatione ex calidi&longs;&longs;imo in frigidi&longs;&longs;imum, <lb/>vel Ari&longs;totele iudice, manere &longs;ub&longs;tantiam: <lb/>palàm e&longs;t, cùm totus aër frigidus &longs;it, qui nos <lb/>ambit, aut &longs;altem temperatus, vt qui iuxta <lb/>c&oelig;lum Lunæ &longs;itus e&longs;t: nam vniuer&longs;a aëris <lb/>moles vt ex æthereis flammis &longs;æpius depre<lb/>hen&longs;um e&longs;t, motus c&oelig;li in viginti quatuor <lb/>horis circumfertur, quod etiam admittit ip&longs;e <lb/>Ari&longs;toteles vniuer&longs;am aëris machinam hanc <lb/>frigidam e&longs;&longs;e, aut temperatam: quæ &longs;i non &longs;it <lb/>aër, alius nobis quærendus aër, for&longs;an &longs;upra <lb/>c&oelig;lum, aut in imo terræ. </s>

<s id="s.000728"><margin.target id="marg57"/>Elemento<lb/>rum nume<lb/>rus.</s>

<s id="s.000729">Tria igitur &longs;unt elementa: terra, quæ den<lb/>&longs;i&longs;&longs;ima e&longs;t atque graui&longs;&longs;ima, in imoque po&longs;i<lb/>ta: aër, qui rari&longs;&longs;imus, leui&longs;&longs;imus, in &longs;uprema <lb/>parte collocatur: & aqua, quæ medium in <lb/>omnibus his inter hæc po&longs;&longs;idet. </s>

<s id="s.000730">Communia <lb/>omnibus &longs;unt, quòd expertia &longs;int innatæ ca<lb/>liditatis, nullus enim calor ni&longs;i à c&oelig;lo, atque <lb/>ideo ab anima vel luce. </s>

<s id="s.000731">Terra quòd nimis <lb/>cra&longs;&longs;a, aër quòd nimis tenuis, minus frigida </s>

<s id="s.000732"><arrow.to.target n="marg58"/><lb/>e&longs;&longs;e videntur: &longs;ed aqua cum media &longs;it &longs;ub<lb/>&longs;tantia, frigidi&longs;&longs;ima apparet. </s>

<s id="s.000733">Aër igitur cum <lb/>ingraue&longs;cit, frigidior videtur. </s>

<s id="s.000734">Sed &longs;i non af<lb/>ficiatur, ob tenuitatem qua&longs;i temperatus exi<lb/>&longs;timatur. </s>

<s id="s.000735">Porrò frigida iam &longs;pontè cùm den<lb/>&longs;antur, frigidiora fiunt, veluti glacies. </s>

<s id="s.000736">Terra <lb/>autem ob raritatem calorem admittit, <expan abbr="atq;">atque</expan> <lb/>ideò minus frigida e&longs;&longs;e creditur: ob id &longs;axa <lb/>&longs;unt ip&longs;a longè frigidiora. </s>

<s id="s.000737">Aër autem ob lu<lb/>cem qua&longs;i temperatus, & ob raritatem faci<lb/>lè mutatus, non &longs;olùm minimè frigidus, &longs;ed <lb/>& calidus iudicatur, cum omnia elementa <lb/>ex æquo natura propria &longs;int frigidi&longs;&longs;ima. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000738">Indicio &longs;unt regiones &longs;ub Vr&longs;a, & noctes & <lb/>montium cacumina: &longs;ed & ratio id o&longs;tendit. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000739">Omnis enim calor ab a&longs;tris e&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.000740"><expan abbr="Elem&etilde;ta">Elementa</expan> au<lb/>tem <expan abbr="c&utilde;">cum</expan> pura &longs;int, caloris ab a&longs;tris &longs;unt exper<lb/>tia. </s>

<s id="s.000741">Calor enim a&longs;trorum illicò mutat: & <lb/>quod mutatur, di&longs;&longs;imile e&longs;t ei ex quo muta<lb/>tum e&longs;t: quare mi&longs;tum erit elementum ex <lb/>puro atque mutato, non autem &longs;implex. </s>

<s id="s.000742">Om<lb/>nia igitur elementa &longs;unt frigidi&longs;&longs;ima, id e&longs;t, <lb/>caloris omnis expertia. </s>

<s id="s.000743">Siquidem nihil aliud <lb/>e&longs;t frigiditas, quam caloris priuatio. </s>

<s id="s.000744">In hu<lb/>mido etiam di&longs;&longs;ident: <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> terra e&longs;t &longs;icci&longs;&longs;ima, <lb/>vt aër humidi&longs;&longs;imus, & aqua in medio collo<lb/>catur. </s>

<s id="s.000745">Siccum dico humido priuatum, atque <lb/>ideo graue, quia <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> e&longs;t exten&longs;um. </s>

<s id="s.000746">Cùm enim <lb/>materia prima &longs;eu hyle non extenditur, mul<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg59"/><lb/>ta e&longs;t, & ideo formæ multum & grauitatis. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000747">Ideò aqua media in omnibus etiam his e&longs;t. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000748">Con&longs;tat igitur ex hoc &longs;ydera omnia e&longs;&longs;e ca<lb/>lida: nam &longs;i omnia &longs;ydera habent lucem, om<lb/>nia etiam mi&longs;cent. </s>

<s id="s.000749">Elementa autem natura <lb/>&longs;ua expertia &longs;unt omnis caloris ac lucis: ni<lb/>hil autem minus e&longs;&longs;e pote&longs;t eo quòd nihil <lb/>e&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.000750">Omnis igitur lux calida e&longs;t & mi&longs;cet, & <lb/>omne a&longs;trum ob id calidum. </s>

<s id="s.000751">Dicitur autem <lb/>Saturnus frigidus <expan abbr="tãtum">tantum</expan> comparatione, quia <lb/>non tantum mi&longs;cet vt generationem in ho<lb/>noribus iuuet, &longs;ed impedit, velut aqua tepida <lb/>feruenti mi&longs;ta, minus efficit calidam. </s>

<s id="s.000752">Ob id <lb/>&longs;atis magis <expan abbr="cõducit">conducit</expan> Saturnus quàm Iupiter, <lb/>quia &longs;ata moderatiore calore <expan abbr="indig&etilde;t">indigent</expan>, qualis <lb/>e&longs;t in Saturno, non in Ioue. </s>

<s id="s.000753">Non tamen mo<lb/>deratus e&longs;t pro hominum propagatione. </s>

<s id="s.000754">Om<lb/>nia igitur a&longs;tra calida, omnia elementa fri<lb/>gida. </s>

<s id="s.000755">Rur&longs;us c&oelig;lum <expan abbr="neq;">neque</expan> calidum, neque fri<lb/>gidum. </s>

<s id="s.000756">Decipiuntur plurimi in elementis ob <lb/>calorem violentum, aut impre&longs;&longs;um. </s>

<s id="s.000757">Nam ex <lb/>actione a&longs;trorum elementorum partes ad <lb/>mi&longs;tionem veniunt, fiuntque potentia tales, <lb/>vt piper <expan abbr="calid&utilde;">calidum</expan>: &longs;ed hoc non e&longs;t <expan abbr="element&utilde;">elementum</expan>, &longs;ed <lb/><expan abbr="mi&longs;t&utilde;">mi&longs;tum</expan>. </s>

<s id="s.000758">Ignis <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> qui <expan abbr="lapid&utilde;">lapidum</expan> colli&longs;ione accen<lb/>ditur, e&longs;t caliditas <expan abbr="a&longs;tror&utilde;">a&longs;trorum</expan> in corpore rarefa<lb/>cto. </s>

<s id="s.000759">Violenta igitur caliditate mi&longs;ta profundi <lb/>po&longs;&longs;unt, alia corrupta, vt in putridis: alia po<lb/>tentia, vt in &longs;atis & &longs;eminibus maximè: alia <lb/>impre&longs;&longs;a, vt in aëre æ&longs;tatis tempore: alia na<lb/>turali, vt in animalibus. </s>

<s id="s.000760">Manife&longs;tum e&longs;t igi<lb/>tur cur vita in montium iugis &longs;it perennis, <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg60"/><lb/>ob puritatem aëris: non autem in Æthiopia, <lb/>ob calorem: neque in vallibus, quia aër &longs;im<lb/>plex non e&longs;t, &longs;ed calidus ac mi&longs;tus e&longs;&longs;e po&longs;&longs;it. <pb pagenum="375" xlink:href="016/01/024.jpg"/>In temperata igitur regione vbi venti orien<lb/>tales &longs;pirant, vita &longs;alubris ac diuturna. </s>

<s id="s.000761">Sed <lb/>de his aliàs. </s>

<s id="s.000762">Nunc &longs;olum &longs;cire &longs;ufficiat, quòd <lb/>duæ tantùm &longs;int qualitates, calor c&oelig;li, & <lb/>humidum elementorum: &longs;iccum autem & <lb/>frigus horum &longs;unt priuationes. </s>

<s id="s.000763">Sed & de his <lb/>po&longs;teriùs agemus. </s>

<s id="s.000764">Vt verò ad in&longs;titutum re<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg61"/><lb/>uertar, elementum non voco rem calidi&longs;&longs;i<lb/>mam, vel frigidi&longs;&longs;imam, quandoquidem <lb/>vix eam liceat reperire: &longs;ed illud elemen<lb/>tum nunc dico, quod nec pabulo indiget, <lb/>nec &longs;pontè corrumpitur, nec vagatur, &longs;ed <lb/>certam tenet &longs;edem, maximam habens mo<lb/>lem, eamque &longs;ecundum naturam, ac ad gene<lb/>rationem paratum e&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.000765">Cumque nullum ho<lb/>rum igni conueniat, hunc, elementum haud <lb/>quaquam appellabimus. </s>

<s id="s.000766">Mouetur autem hic, <lb/>impotens, viuere ab&longs;que alimento, aëremque <lb/>proximum adurit: hicque ardens flamma <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg62"/><lb/>vocatur. </s>

<s id="s.000767">E&longs;t enim flamma nihil aliud, quam <lb/>aër accen&longs;us. </s>

<s id="s.000768">Hæc autem perpetuò moue<lb/>tur, nec vnquam quie&longs;cit. </s>

<s id="s.000769">Ignis enim &longs;ub<lb/>&longs;tantia cum tenui&longs;&longs;ima &longs;it, & quod &longs;ubie<lb/>ctum e&longs;t illi &longs;emper vrat, perpetuò etiam <lb/>mouetur. </s>

<s id="s.000770">Ob &longs;ubtilitatem igitur per angu<lb/>&longs;ti&longs;&longs;ima foramina ingreditur, ob motum ve<lb/>rò diuidit ac &longs;cindit, di&longs;ci&longs;&longs;a calore immen<lb/>&longs;o vrit, ac in propriam conuertit &longs;ub&longs;tan<lb/>tiam. </s>

<s id="s.000771">Ergo flamma non eadem vnquam <lb/>manet, &longs;ed perpetua generatione altera al<lb/>teri &longs;uccedit, & ob id moueri eam &longs;emper <lb/>videri nece&longs;&longs;arium e&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.000772">Nam quæ genita <lb/>iam e&longs;t, aëris proximam partem inuadit, <lb/>humidumque eius depa&longs;citur, & moriendo <lb/>aliam nouam excitat flammam. </s>

<s id="s.000773">Cum igitur <lb/>humidum quod prius erat in flammam ver<lb/>titur, aucta ex hac mutatione in immen&longs;um <lb/>quantitate, nec po&longs;&longs;it quod illi &longs;ubiectum <lb/>e&longs;t pabulum ob duritiem pellere, nece&longs;&longs;a<lb/>riò in &longs;uperiorem partem vehementer a&longs;<lb/>cendit, & eam quæ iam &longs;uprà ip&longs;am erat <lb/>accen&longs;a impellit: vnde &longs;it vt &longs;ur&longs;um ple<lb/>rumque magno impetu flamma feratur ac <lb/>feriat. </s>

<s id="s.000774">Si tamen tigna vrantur &longs;upernè, flam<lb/>mam eadem ratione deor&longs;um ferri nece&longs;&longs;e <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg63"/><lb/>e&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.000775">Non igitur flamma &longs;emper &longs;ur&longs;um fer<lb/>tur, &longs;ed ob id plerunque, quòd pabulum in <lb/>imo po&longs;itum e&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.000776">Cùm tamen in imum fer<lb/>tur, adeò vrit, vt &longs;i humidum e&longs;t quod vri<lb/>tur, repentè colliquatum &longs;uffocet ignem: ob <lb/>idque cerei conuer&longs;a flamma inferius &longs;pontè <lb/>extinguuntur. </s>

<s id="s.000777">Ligna autem non &longs;ic, quòd <lb/>humidum colliquari non queat. </s>

<s id="s.000778">Extinguun<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg64"/><lb/>tur etiam ob aliam rationem, quòd <emph type="italics"/>(<emph.end type="italics"/> vt di<lb/>xi) &longs;emper &longs;uperior pars flammæ ab inferio<lb/>re, quæ nutrimento proximior e&longs;t, propelli<lb/>tur: vnde &longs;uprema flammæ pars continuò <lb/>tran&longs;itu extincta in fumum vertitur. </s>

<s id="s.000779">E&longs;t <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg65"/><lb/>enim fumus medium inter flammam & aë<lb/>rem, atque ideò duplex. </s>

<s id="s.000780">Quidam qui flam<lb/>mæ &longs;uccedit, & hic tenuis ac nece&longs;&longs;arius. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000781">Omnis enim flamma in fumum vertitur: &longs;ed <lb/>hic cum tenui&longs;&longs;imus &longs;it, in aërem celeriter <lb/>tran&longs;it, atque ob id nec &longs;uffocat, nec oculos <lb/>vrit, &longs;ed &longs;olum calefacit ac &longs;iccat. </s>

<s id="s.000782">Alter e&longs;t <lb/>fumus qui flammæ præit generationem, at<lb/>que humidior e&longs;t, ac oculos vrit & &longs;uffocat, <lb/>quòd in aërem non facilè conuertatur. </s>

<s id="s.000783">Idem <lb/>plærunque ex carbonibus prauis ac humi<lb/>dioribus lignis excitari &longs;olet. </s>

<s id="s.000784">Primus igitur <lb/>cùm flamma de&longs;cendit in cereis conuer&longs;is, <lb/>dum a&longs;cendere nititur, flammæ ip&longs;i occurrit, <lb/>eamque celerrimè &longs;uffocat. </s>

<s id="s.000785">Declarauimus <lb/>enim quòd huius quantitas gignatur im<lb/>men&longs;a, cùm &longs;ingulis momentis flamma quæ <lb/>maximè à nutrimento remota e&longs;t, & in am<lb/>bitu aëri vicina, in fumum tran&longs;eat, cuius <lb/>copia nihil mirum e&longs;t ignem illi occurren<lb/>tem celerrimè &longs;uffocari. </s>

<s id="s.000786">Huius igitur motus <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg66"/><lb/>tam rapidi cau&longs;a, flamma cuncta corrumpit, <lb/>non &longs;olius immen&longs;æ caliditatis ratione. </s>

<s id="s.000787">Sed <lb/>tamen motus hic in flamma interior, quia <lb/>&longs;en&longs;im fit, nos latet. </s>

<s id="s.000788">Nec flamma tota illicò <lb/>perit, &longs;ed quæ &longs;olùm e&longs;t in ambitu: nam quæ <lb/>in medio e&longs;t, tandiu manet, donec ad extre<lb/>mum in contactu aëris perueniat, aliter in <lb/>flammæ medio non e&longs;&longs;et. </s>

<s id="s.000789">Sed fumus retrò <lb/>quandoque agitur, vel ob impetum, vel re<lb/>pul&longs;us, vel prohibitus. </s>

<s id="s.000790">Impetus fit vel ob <lb/>multitudinem, vel ob celeritatem motus. </s>

<s id="s.000791">Li<lb/>gna igitur viridia & multitudo flammæ, re<lb/>plent cubicula fumo. </s>

<s id="s.000792">Venti quoque repel<lb/>lunt fumum, & angu&longs;tia camini prohibet <lb/>exitum, vel &longs;i angu&longs;tior &longs;it in vno, vt non re<lb/>cipiat. </s>

<s id="s.000793">Maxima autem cau&longs;a e&longs;t à ventis. </s>

<s id="s.000794">Nam <lb/>fumus altius &longs;emper a&longs;cendit, tum ob impe<lb/>tum à flamma conceptum, tum ob leuita<lb/>tem. </s>

<s id="s.000795">Vbi ventis occurrat, maximè vbi copia <lb/><figure id="id.016.01.024.1.jpg" xlink:href="016/01/024/1.jpg"/><lb/>viridium lignorum ad&longs;it, retrogreditur: & <lb/>qui ex quatuor partibus foramina habet, ab <lb/>omni vento impeditur: nam vndique patet. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000796">Auxilium à nobis ratione excogitatum. </s>

<s id="s.000797">In <lb/>quatuor partibus, oriente, occidente, meri<lb/>die, &longs;eptentrione binos colloca canales ficti<lb/>les ex aduer&longs;o po&longs;itos, ita vt alter &longs;ur&longs;um fe<lb/>ratur, reliquus deor&longs;um: nam impo&longs;&longs;ibile e&longs;t <lb/>octo ventos, quatuor inferius <expan abbr="t&etilde;dentes">tendentes</expan>, qua<lb/>tuor autem &longs;uperiùs, à quatuor c&oelig;li princi<lb/>palibus regionibus &longs;pirare. </s>

<s id="s.000798">Quod ni fiat, fu<lb/>mus minimè pote&longs;t retrò pelli: atque id <lb/>etiam experimento ad amu&longs;&longs;im comproba<lb/>tum e&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.000799">Adiuuat autem non parum latitudo <lb/>faucium in imo. </s>

<s id="s.000800">Plerunque etiam tutiores <lb/>canales decliues tantum. </s>

<s id="s.000801">Sed tutior omnibus <lb/>e&longs;t qui vagina circumcingitur, quæ inferiùs <lb/>non cohæret tecto. </s>

<s id="s.000802"><margin.target id="marg58"/>Demon&longs;tra<lb/>tio o&longs;tendens <lb/>quòd omnia <lb/>elementa <lb/>&longs;unt frigi<lb/>di&longs;&longs;ima.</s>

<s id="s.000803"><margin.target id="marg59"/>Sidera om<lb/>nia calida. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000804">e&longs;&longs;e.</s>

<s id="s.000805"><margin.target id="marg60"/>Aër vitæ &longs;a<lb/>lubrior.</s>

<s id="s.000806"><margin.target id="marg61"/>Ignem hunc <lb/>non e&longs;&longs;e ele<lb/>mentum.</s>

<s id="s.000807"><margin.target id="marg62"/>Flamma <lb/>quid &longs;it. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000808">Cur flamma <lb/>nunquam <lb/>quie&longs;cat. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000809">Ignis quo<lb/>modo vrat. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000810">Flamma non <lb/>eadem ma<lb/>net. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000811">Cur flamma <lb/>plerunque <lb/>a&longs;cendat.</s>

<s id="s.000812"><margin.target id="marg63"/>Cur cerei <lb/>conuer&longs;i ex<lb/>tinguæntur.</s>

<s id="s.000813"><margin.target id="marg64"/>Fumus quo<lb/>modo gene<lb/>retur.</s>

<s id="s.000814"><margin.target id="marg65"/>Fumus du<lb/>plex.</s>

<s id="s.000815"><margin.target id="marg66"/>Cau&longs;æ cur <lb/>cubicula fu<lb/>mo replean<lb/>tur. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000816">Caminus fu<lb/>mum non re<lb/>mittens.</s>

<s id="s.000817">Cùm igitur ad hoc vt ignis vrat tria &longs;int <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg67"/><lb/>nece&longs;&longs;aria, pabulum, motus, & quod pene<lb/>tret, cùm in flamma motus maior &longs;it ac ma<lb/>nife&longs;tior, atque ideò etiam introitus qui ad <lb/>motum con&longs;equitur maior, minimè ob&longs;cu<lb/>rum e&longs;t cur flamma reliquo igne &longs;it viua<lb/>tior: ideoque cerei dum flamma viget tan<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg68"/><lb/>diu ardent donec &longs;uppetit alimentum: cùm <lb/>flamma de&longs;init, &longs;pontè vel momento peni<lb/>tus extinguuntur. </s>

<s id="s.000818">Quia tamen flamma <pb pagenum="376" xlink:href="016/01/025.jpg"/>multum ab&longs;umit alimenti, ideò per&longs;æpe mi<lb/>nus durat prunis: &longs;ed hoc non merito &longs;ui <lb/>e&longs;t, &longs;ed quia celerius alimentum finitur. </s>

<s id="s.000819">His <lb/>de cau&longs;is & à pingui humido flammæ diu<lb/>turnæ, & à tenui atque &longs;icca &longs;ub&longs;tantia im<lb/>men&longs;æ creantur. </s>

<s id="s.000820">Nam in tenui & arida <lb/>&longs;ub&longs;tantia celeriter flamma flammæ &longs;ucce<lb/>dit, atque ob id in maximam molem cre&longs;cit. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000821">Quòd &longs;i hæc ambo iungantur, & arida, te<lb/>nui&longs;que &longs;ub&longs;tantia, & pingue ac plurimum <lb/>humidum, velut in bitumine, tunc flam<lb/>mæ maximæ, & diuturnæ excitantur. </s>

<s id="s.000822">Ob <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg69"/><lb/>id verò manife&longs;tum &longs;it, cur bitumini ar<lb/>denti aqua iniecta maiores excitet flam<lb/>mas, quod etiam Georgius Agricola, vir <lb/>no&longs;træ tempe&longs;tatis memoria dignus, narrat: <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e &longs;cilicet in I&longs;landia in&longs;ula montem, no<lb/>mine Heclam, ex quo ignis emi&longs;&longs;us &longs;iccis <lb/>extinguatur, aqua verò alitur. </s>

<s id="s.000823">Id autem fer<lb/>mè commune e&longs;t omnibus validioribus <lb/>flammis: vnde etiam fabri in&longs;per&longs;a aqua <lb/>ignes excitare &longs;olent: cùm enim ardentior <lb/>fuerit ignis, à frigido incitatur, & ab hu<lb/>mido alitur, quorum vtrunque aquæ ine&longs;t. <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg70"/><lb/>Ea de cau&longs;a etiam ignis qui follibus accen<lb/>ditur, cùm validus &longs;it, aqua modica non <lb/>extinguitur, &longs;ed robu&longs;tior euadit. </s>

<s id="s.000824">Folles <lb/>namque ignes accendunt, quoniam mo<lb/>tum concitant: inde ex motu penetrat <lb/>vis & exurit. </s>

<s id="s.000825">Nece&longs;&longs;arij autem &longs;unt in me<lb/>tallis, quoniam à paruo igne non lique&longs;<lb/>cunt, &longs;ed &longs;erò, ideò prius exuruntur quàm <lb/>lique&longs;cant. </s>

<s id="s.000826">Sed à follibus ignis accen&longs;us <lb/>mouetur & penetrat, ac colliquat metalla. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000827">Vnde non paruum compendium in celeri <lb/>exitu, & quòd minus impen&longs;æ perit, & <lb/>metalli portio minor vritur. </s>

<s id="s.000828">Folles igi<lb/>tur ad accendendum ignem atque mollien<lb/>dum ac liquandum apti&longs;&longs;imi &longs;unt. </s>

<s id="s.000829"><margin.target id="marg67"/>Flamma cur <lb/>igne alio vi<lb/>uacior.</s>

<s id="s.000830"><margin.target id="marg68"/>Cau&longs;æ ma<lb/>gnarum <expan abbr="flã-marum">flam<lb/>marum</expan>.</s>

<s id="s.000831"><margin.target id="marg69"/>Cur aqua <lb/>quandoque <lb/>ignes exci<lb/>tet.</s>

<s id="s.000832"><margin.target id="marg70"/>Folles cur <lb/>accendant <lb/>ignem, & <lb/>vbi magis <lb/>nece&longs;&longs;arij.</s>

<s id="s.000833">Itaque vt ad in&longs;titutum reuertar, aqua <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg71"/><lb/>&longs;olet vehementes accendere ignes, quoniam <lb/>humidum ip&longs;um quod exhalat, pinguius <lb/>redditur, nec à circumfu&longs;o fumo ab&longs;umi<lb/>tur, &longs;ed totum ignis ip&longs;e depa&longs;citur, quo <lb/>purior inde factus, & &longs;imul collectus à <lb/>frigido alacrior in&longs;urgit. </s>

<s id="s.000834">Vnde etiam ignes <lb/>qui aqua excitantur & accenduntur: con&longs;tat <lb/>autem pice nauali & Græca, &longs;ulphure, vini <lb/>fæce, quàm vocant tartarum, &longs;arcocolla, ha<lb/>linitro, bituminis &longs;pecie, illa quam vocant <lb/>petroleum. </s>

<s id="s.000835">Relatum hoc ad Marcum Grae<lb/>cum. </s>

<s id="s.000836">Additur igitur calx viua duplo pon<lb/>dere, & cum ouorum luteis pariter mi&longs;cen<lb/>tur omnia, & in fimo equino &longs;epeliuntur. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000837">Aliud: Sulphurei olei, petrolei, iuniperini <lb/>olei, & halinitri æquales &longs;ingulorum par<lb/>tes: nigræ picis, pinguedinum an&longs;eris, & <lb/>anatis, &longs;tercoris columini, eius liquoris, <lb/>quam vocant liquidam vernicem con&longs;tant <lb/>autem oleo &longs;eminis lini, rur&longs;us &longs;ingulorum <lb/>tantundem: a&longs;phalti partes quinque: exci<lb/>pe ardente aqua, & in fimo equino &longs;epeli. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000838">Aliud etiam: Vernicis liquidæ, &longs;ulphurei <lb/>olei, & iuniperini, & eius quod fit ex lini <lb/>&longs;emine, & petrolei, & lachrymæ lariginæ <lb/>partes æquas &longs;ingulorum; aquæ ardentis <lb/>tres ac mediam, tum halinitri, ligni lau<lb/>rini &longs;icci vi puluerem redactorum quan<lb/>tum &longs;ufficit, vt omnia &longs;imul mi&longs;ta, luti <lb/>&longs;pi&longs;&longs;itudinem recipiant. </s>

<s id="s.000839">Hæc omnia vitreo <lb/>va&longs;e excipe, & in fimo equino tribus men<lb/>&longs;ibus &longs;epeli. </s>

<s id="s.000840">Si igitur ex his pilæ lignis h&etail;<lb/>reant, &longs;pontè imbribus accenduntur: &longs;ed <lb/>hoc non omninò &longs;emper euenit. </s>

<s id="s.000841">Illud au<lb/>tem &longs;emper euenit, vt iam accen&longs;us nul<lb/>lis aquis extinguatur. </s>

<s id="s.000842">Puluis autem qui fa<lb/>cillimè ardet, & cuius flamma vehementer <lb/>exurit, con&longs;tat pyrio puluere, & tertia &longs;ul<lb/>phuris ac Græcæ picis parte. </s>

<s id="s.000843">Porrò plu<lb/>ra his in libris de rerum Varietate &longs;crip<lb/>&longs;imus: hi autem exercitationem omnium <lb/>continent locupletem, quæ hîc ratione <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg72"/><lb/>explicantur. </s>

<s id="s.000844">Quonam pacto verò aquâ non <lb/>extinguantur hi ignes, facilè patet con&longs;i<lb/>deranti, quòd motum adeò vehementem <lb/>ciunt, vt flamma flammæ follium loco &longs;it. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000845">Ob id igitur paruam flammam facilè e&longs;t <lb/>extinguere, magnam autem difficillimum. <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg73"/><lb/>Non &longs;olùm enim quòd maior &longs;it, diffici<lb/>liùs extinguitur parua, &longs;ed quòd motum <lb/>excitet vehementem, à quo ( vt dixi ) <lb/>flamma fouetur. </s>

<s id="s.000846">Ab magnitudine autem <lb/>motus & flammæ procul abe&longs;&longs;e coguntur <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg74"/><lb/>homines: vnde etiam auxilium primò dee&longs;t, <lb/>inde fumo abundante &longs;ubit de&longs;peratio. </s>

<s id="s.000847">In <lb/>his ca&longs;ibus tria auxilia &longs;olùm &longs;uper&longs;unt: vt <lb/>detrahatur materia ardere apta, vel vt <lb/>murus ex lapidibus erigatur, lapide&longs;que &longs;u<lb/>per incendium proiiciantur, quo quidam <lb/>amici no&longs;tri vicinam &longs;uam domum ab in<lb/>cendio &longs;eruauerunt: vel quo vti &longs;olemus <lb/>dum luci ardent, aut &longs;egetes, vt pars in <lb/>quam ignis fertur accendatur. </s>

<s id="s.000848">Nam &longs;ic <lb/>extincto eo igne, vel etiam nondum ex<lb/>tincto, maiori &longs;ubtracta materia, peri<lb/>culo&longs;o, &longs;ed vtili tamen inuento, &longs;erua<lb/>mus reliquum. </s>

<s id="s.000849">Hoc autem auxilij gene<lb/>re &longs;eruati &longs;unt luci no&longs;tri in Nouarien&longs;i <lb/>agro, non multum ab&longs;imili, quo loci <lb/>dominus &longs;æpe &longs;eip&longs;um à periculo libe<lb/>rauit. </s>

<s id="s.000850"><margin.target id="marg71"/>Ignes qui <lb/>aqua non ex<lb/>tinguuntur <lb/>artificio&longs;i.</s>

<s id="s.000851"><margin.target id="marg72"/>Libri de re<lb/>rum Varie<lb/>tate &longs;unt <lb/>praxis hu<lb/>ius.</s>

<s id="s.000852"><margin.target id="marg73"/>Magna <expan abbr="flã-ma">flanm<lb/>ma</expan> tribus <lb/>cau&longs;is diffi<lb/>cile extin<lb/>guitur.</s>

<s id="s.000853"><margin.target id="marg74"/>Auxilia ex<lb/>tinguendi <lb/>magna in<lb/>cendia.</s>

<s id="s.000854">Sunt igitur bitumine loca abundantia, <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg75"/><lb/>vel &longs;ulphure, quæ &longs;pontè ardent, & aqua <lb/>minimè extinguuntur. </s>

<s id="s.000855">Ætnæ in Sicilia <lb/>montis famo&longs;i&longs;&longs;imum e&longs;t incendium. </s>

<s id="s.000856">Cra<lb/>teres duo, inferior in putei formam an<lb/>gu&longs;tus, angu&longs;to labro lapideo circumcin<lb/>gente: &longs;uperior verò ab imo ( vt referunt) <lb/>fundæ iactu di&longs;tat, quatuor habens in am<lb/>bitu &longs;tadia ad centum M. pa&longs;&longs;uum: cineres <lb/>circumquaque effundit, &longs;umma caligine <lb/>cuncta biduo offu&longs;cans, quod etiam Pli<lb/>nius affirmat. </s>

<s id="s.000857">Sed no&longs;tris temporibus re<lb/>mi&longs;&longs;um videtur. </s>

<s id="s.000858">Puteolis verò parum an<lb/>tequàm hæc &longs;criberemus (XX. M. pa&longs;&longs;uum, <lb/>vt audio, à Neapoli di&longs;tant ) maxima ex <lb/>incendio iactura contigit. </s>

<s id="s.000859">Fiunt igitur hi <lb/>ignes vbi &longs;ulphur aut bitumen gignitur, <lb/>plerunque autem iuxta mare, quòd bitu<lb/>men, & &longs;ulphur à marinis &longs;ordibus ac ca<lb/>lore fomentum accipiant. </s>

<s id="s.000860"><margin.target id="marg75"/>Loca quæ <lb/>ardent.</s>

<s id="s.000861">Quomodo autem accendatur parata mate<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg76"/><lb/>ria, inferius dicemus. </s>

<s id="s.000862">Ignis autem qui inter<lb/>diu latet, & &longs;olùm noctu videtur, quemadmo<lb/>dum in Apennini Mugellano videmus, inno<lb/>xius e&longs;t arboribus <expan abbr="atq;">atque</expan> etiam herbis. </s>

<s id="s.000863">Duplex <lb/>hic: alius ignis verè, &longs;ed à vaporibus qui &longs;uc<lb/>ce&longs;&longs;u <expan abbr="t&etilde;poris">temporis</expan> cùm <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> &longs;ube&longs;&longs;e &longs;ignificet, <lb/><expan abbr="iacturã">iacturam</expan> affert. </s>

<s id="s.000864">Alius e&longs;t omninò innoxius, qui <lb/>non verè ignis, &longs;ed velut materia putrida li-<pb pagenum="377" xlink:href="016/01/026.jpg"/><expan abbr="gnor&utilde;">gnorum</expan> ignem noctu &longs;olo &longs;plendore, &longs;ed <expan abbr="ab&longs;q;">ab&longs;que</expan> <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg77"/><lb/>calore refert. </s>

<s id="s.000865"><expan abbr="Eiu&longs;d&etilde;">Eiu&longs;dem</expan> fermè generis ignis ve<lb/>ri e&longs;t Helenæ &longs;idus circa malum nauis, quod <lb/>cadens etiam ænea va&longs;a colliquat, certus <lb/>&longs;ubmer&longs;ionis nuncius. </s>

<s id="s.000866">Nam &longs;olùm in gra<lb/>uibus accidit tempe&longs;tatibus, nec ni&longs;i cra&longs;&longs;i&longs;<lb/>&longs;imo &longs;piritu & magna ventorum vi vapor <lb/>ille cogi pote&longs;t in naui, & ardere &longs;imul vn<lb/>de etiam imminentem nunciat perniciem. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000867">Velut è diuer&longs;o Ca&longs;toris olim ac Pollucis, <lb/>nunc Petri & Nicolai diuorum numina, &longs;eu <lb/>potiùs lumina gemina. </s>

<s id="s.000868"><expan abbr="Nonnunquã">Nonnunquam</expan> in Ocea<lb/>no terna, imò ibi frequentius quàm gemina, <lb/>ob maioremc <expan abbr="oncu&longs;&longs;ion&etilde;">concu&longs;&longs;ionem</expan>. </s>

<s id="s.000869">Vocant tunc ea, <lb/>Diui Nicolai, Helenæ, & Claræ, &longs;ignificato <lb/>deducto à claritate, ab antiqua &longs;uper&longs;titione <lb/>&longs;ideris Helenæ, & quòd Nicolaus ex qua<lb/>dam hi&longs;toria nauigantibus præe&longs;&longs;e credatur. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000870">In mediterraneo autem mari &longs;olùm gemi<lb/>na, & plerunque in rudentibus, ex vnoque <lb/>in alterum, velut aues cum quodam &longs;ono <lb/>&longs;alientia, finem tempe&longs;tatis, nec non &longs;e<lb/>curitatem o&longs;tendunt. </s>

<s id="s.000871">Sunt enim vapores <lb/>rudentibus hærentes, qui &longs;ucce&longs;&longs;u temporis, <lb/>igne ex altero in alterum tran&longs;eunte, &longs;pe<lb/>ciem cerei accen&longs;i præbent. </s>

<s id="s.000872">Indicant autem <lb/>&longs;alutem, quòd parui &longs;int, quòd minimè len<lb/>ti, in vnum enim coi&longs;&longs;ent, quodque breui <lb/>ab&longs;umantur &longs;inguli: quanquam fal&longs;a ima<lb/>gine &longs;aliendi, qui plures &longs;unt, plerun<lb/>que duos referant, cùm &longs;ucce&longs;&longs;u multi <lb/>continuò &longs;peciem vnius diuturnioris effi<lb/>ciant. <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg78"/></s>

<s id="s.000873"><margin.target id="marg76"/>Ignis inno<lb/>xius plan<lb/>tis.</s>

<s id="s.000874"><margin.target id="marg77"/>Helenæ &longs;idus <lb/>quòd &longs;ub<lb/>mer&longs;ionem <lb/>nauium <lb/>nunciat.</s>

<s id="s.000875"><margin.target id="marg78"/>Folium mo<lb/>tus quomo<lb/>do.</s>

<s id="s.000876">Diximus hucu&longs;que de igne, folliumque <lb/>interim vtilitatem adiunximus: par verò <lb/>videtur vt etiam motus rationem adiicia<lb/>mus: &longs;iquidem, vt diximus, nihil egregium <lb/>fit ab igne qui follibus non iuuetur. </s>

<s id="s.000877">Du<lb/>plures illos e&longs;&longs;e oportet, &longs;eu duo &longs;int, &longs;eu <lb/>quatuor, &longs;eu plures, vt opera nunquam in<lb/>termittatur. </s>

<s id="s.000878">Horum motus alternis vicibus <lb/>variatur, ac mi&longs;tus planè e&longs;t, ex violento, <lb/>quo aperiuntur, & aërem trahunt: & na<lb/>turali, quo &longs;pontè decidentes conceptum <lb/>iam aërem exprimunt. </s>

<s id="s.000879">Manife&longs;tum e&longs;t au<lb/>tem, quòd quò celerius expre&longs;&longs;erint, eò <lb/>acrius ignem impellere: ob hoc ponderi<lb/>bus ea onerant. </s>

<s id="s.000880">Sed quia quæ grauia &longs;unt <lb/>non facilè nec celeriter attolluntur, ideò </s>

<s id="s.000881"><arrow.to.target n="marg79"/><lb/>magnis rotis & magno aquarum impetu <lb/>machina illorum voluenda e&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.000882">His igitur <lb/>cau&longs;is manife&longs;tum e&longs;t, non po&longs;&longs;e glaciem, <lb/>et&longs;i frigidi&longs;&longs;ima &longs;it, tantùm lædere frigidita<lb/>te, quantum ignis calore. </s>

<s id="s.000883">Nam vt ignis mo<lb/>tu omnia penetrat, introituque prius di&longs;&longs;i<lb/>pat ip&longs;a, quàm vrat, &longs;ic glacies quiete qua<lb/>dam con&longs;tat & cra&longs;&longs;a &longs;ub&longs;tantia, quibus fit, <lb/>ne omninò po&longs;&longs;it penetrare quicquam. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000884">Quòd enim glacies non minus frigida &longs;it <lb/>quàm calidus ignis, o&longs;tendit experimen<lb/>tum. </s>

<s id="s.000885">Nam &longs;i ligno aut lateri ardenti, glaciei <lb/>tantundem imponas, non celeriùs glacies <lb/>di&longs;&longs;oluetur, quàm extinguatur ex toto ignis. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000886">Nam vt ignis motu & tenuitate magis pe<lb/>netrat, ac facilius corrumpit & depa&longs;citur <lb/>quàm glacies: indicioque e&longs;t, introitum & <lb/>&longs;ubtilitatem horum effectuum mirabilium <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e cau&longs;as, quòd quæ penetrabilia non &longs;unt, <lb/>vt aurum & adamas, ab igni non ab&longs;umun<lb/>tur neque vtuntur, nec omninò verè ignea <lb/>dici po&longs;&longs;unt: ita glacies den&longs;itate &longs;ua & <lb/>quiete magis re&longs;i&longs;tit, & diutius permanet. <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg80"/><lb/>Vt enim ignis &longs;emper fit, &longs;ic glacies eadem <lb/>manet, & multis annis quandoque durat in <lb/>gelidis &longs;ub Vr&longs;a montibus, &longs;icut & nix. </s>

<s id="s.000887">Ergo <lb/>glacies ac ignis penitus contraria &longs;unt. </s>

<s id="s.000888">Ignis <lb/>enim calidi&longs;&longs;imus, tenui&longs;&longs;imus, celerrimi mo<lb/>tus, ac qui facilè omnia inuadat, & momen<lb/>to maneat &longs;olùm: at glacies frigidi&longs;&longs;ima, <lb/>den&longs;i&longs;&longs;ima, quieta omninò, lenti progre&longs;&longs;us, <lb/>& maximè diuturna. </s>

<s id="s.000889"><margin.target id="marg79"/>Ignis cur <lb/>magis calore <lb/>lædat, quàm <lb/>glacies fri<lb/>gore.</s>

<s id="s.000890"><margin.target id="marg80"/>Ignis & <lb/>glacies pe<lb/>nitùs con<lb/>traria.</s>

<s id="s.000891">Ergo magnæ quæ&longs;tionis iam &longs;olutio ex <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg81"/><lb/>his emergit, &longs;cilicet, an ignis hic no&longs;ter &longs;ub<lb/>&longs;tantia &longs;it, an accidens. </s>

<s id="s.000892">Si enim &longs;ub&longs;tantia <lb/>foret, videbatur durum, quonam pacto in <lb/>candenti ferro duæ e&longs;&longs;ent &longs;imul &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ <lb/>mutuò penetrabiles, ignea atque ferrea: tum <lb/>verò &longs;i altera di&longs;&longs;oluatur, vtpote ferrea &longs;ub<lb/>&longs;tantia, dum ignem concipit, fiet corruptio, <lb/>dum extinguitur ignis generatio fieri dice<lb/>tur, quod perab&longs;urdum e&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.000893">Si verò aerem <lb/>&longs;olùm qui intus e&longs;t ardere latere ardente di<lb/>cas, non di&longs;&longs;olueretur &longs;ub&longs;tantia ligni in <lb/>cineres, nec ferrum deterius adeò euaderet: <lb/>igitur humidum proprium ferri, dum later <lb/>ferreus accen&longs;us e&longs;t, ardet. </s>

<s id="s.000894">Quòd &longs;i omni<lb/>nò ignis accidens e&longs;t, quomodo &longs;ub&longs;tan<lb/>tiam immutat lignorum in cinerem, ac fer<lb/>rum omniaque fermè ab&longs;umit? </s>

<s id="s.000895">Itaque ( vt <lb/>dixi ) hic ignis nihil aliud e&longs;t, quàm &longs;um<lb/>ma caliditas cum &longs;iccitate iuncta. </s>

<s id="s.000896">Nec &longs;ub<lb/>&longs;tantia dici pote&longs;t, ni&longs;i vt glacies, &longs;i pro re, <lb/>qu&etail; gelu <expan abbr="cõcreta">concreta</expan> e&longs;t intelligatur, ita ignis pro <lb/>re ip&longs;a quæ ardet. </s>

<s id="s.000897">Ignis igitur accidens om<lb/>nino e&longs;t, atque caliditas cum &longs;iccitate &longs;um<lb/>ma, inhæretque &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ &longs;emper quemad<lb/>modum reliqua accidentia: non igitur ele<lb/>mentum e&longs;&longs;e pote&longs;t, quod & &longs;uperius de<lb/>mon&longs;trauimus. </s>

<s id="s.000898">Nam naturæ principium ca<lb/>&longs;u quodam con&longs;taret, ac pabulo incerto cir<lb/>cumferri oporteret, imò eadem ratione gla<lb/>cies aliud e&longs;&longs;et elementum. </s>

<s id="s.000899">Quòd &longs;i elemen<lb/>tum aliud e&longs;t ignis, &longs;iquidem æqualiter cali<lb/>dus e&longs;t ac hic, aut magis, igitur & ille pa<lb/>bulò indigebit, quoniam pa&longs;ci nece&longs;&longs;e erit: <lb/>vnde igitur tantæ moli pabulum? </s>

<s id="s.000900">Si verò <lb/>minus calidus e&longs;t, ce&longs;&longs;at ratio ob quam &longs;ta<lb/>tuebatur elementum. </s>

<s id="s.000901">Siquidem ob hoc ele<lb/>mentum ignis po&longs;itus fuit, quòd e&longs;&longs;et &longs;ub<lb/>&longs;tantia calidi&longs;&longs;ima quædam ac &longs;icci&longs;&longs;ima, <lb/>vtranque habens harum qualitatum, vel al<lb/>teram &longs;altem perfectam: at non habebit, <lb/>cùm iam con&longs;tet hunc ignem illo e&longs;&longs;o longè <lb/>calidiorem, &longs;icciorem, ardentiorem, ac ma<lb/>gis penetrabilem. </s>

<s id="s.000902"><margin.target id="marg81"/>Ignis quid <lb/>&longs;it.</s>

<s id="s.000903">Sed & alterius dubitationis clara &longs;olutio <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg82"/><lb/>emergit, an &longs;cilicet ignis igne calidior &longs;it? <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000904">Con&longs;tat autem, quòd non ob &longs;olam mate<lb/>riam ignis calidior euadit, vt qui in ferro <lb/>e&longs;t, eo qui in palea, & qui in quercus lignis, <lb/>eo qui in &longs;alíginis, &longs;ed velut in glacie quæ<lb/>dam vix coacta e&longs;t, alia dura, alia prædura, <lb/>ita ignis quidam vix e&longs;t ignis, vt cùm cande<lb/>re ferrum incipit: alius candidor, alius &longs;plen<lb/>didi&longs;&longs;imus. </s>

<s id="s.000905">Cùm enim accidens &longs;it, augeri ac <lb/>minui pote&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.000906">Itaque ignis igne validior <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg83"/><lb/>euadit &longs;ex modis. </s>

<s id="s.000907">Natura, vt diximus: <lb/>ardentior enim celerius exurit ac ma<lb/>gis. </s>

<s id="s.000908">Materia, vt qui in ferro &longs;edem ha<lb/>bet, eo qui in &longs;tipulis. </s>

<s id="s.000909">Motu, nam magis <pb pagenum="378" xlink:href="016/01/027.jpg"/>fit penetrabilis: Magnitudine, &longs;eu propria, <lb/>&longs;eu diuturnitate temporis: hoc enim nemini <lb/>ob&longs;curum e&longs;&longs;e pote&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.000910">Denique re&longs;pirationis <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg84"/><lb/>impedimento: non ignorant hoc nautæ, qui <lb/>exiguo foculo ollam &longs;uperponentes oll&etail;, om<lb/>nes feruere cogunt, vnde paupertati con<lb/>&longs;ultum. </s>

<s id="s.000911">Sed oportet <emph type="italics"/>(<emph.end type="italics"/> vt dixi ) ne proprio <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg85"/><lb/>fumo extinguatur igniculus, paululum illum <lb/>re&longs;pirare. </s>

<s id="s.000912">Ob id qui impen&longs;æ con&longs;ulunt, fur<lb/>nos exiguos ollæ in modum ex ære confi<lb/>ciunt, clatratos in imo &longs;trictè ex ferro, vt <lb/>cinis excidere po&longs;&longs;it. </s>

<s id="s.000913">Vltimus modus e&longs;t, <lb/>cum cogitur ignis, atque ob id calx aqua ac<lb/>cenditur: nam calor in fornace acqui&longs;itus <lb/>ac latitans, cùm (vt dixi) ex genere ignis &longs;it, <lb/>exiguæ aquæ frigore intus concluditur, <lb/>tum motu, tum coitione ip&longs;a in ignem <lb/>euadit. <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg86"/></s>

<s id="s.000914"><margin.target id="marg82"/>Ignis igne <lb/>calidior e&longs;t.</s>

<s id="s.000915"><margin.target id="marg83"/>Ignis &longs;ex <lb/>modis vali<lb/>dior euadit.</s>

<s id="s.000916"><margin.target id="marg84"/>Modus co<lb/>quendi cum <lb/>modico igne.</s>

<s id="s.000917"><margin.target id="marg85"/>Cur calx <lb/>aqua accen<lb/>datur.</s>

<s id="s.000918"><margin.target id="marg86"/>Calx quæ <lb/>optima.</s>

<s id="s.000919">Optima igitur calx e&longs;t, quæ &longs;uperfu&longs;a <lb/>aqua maximos edit &longs;trepitus, & ignem <lb/>concipit, ligna accendens proxima. </s>

<s id="s.000920">E&longs;t h&etail;c <lb/>plerunque coloris cinerei: nam in candida <lb/>iam ignis exhalauit, quia aër ingre&longs;&longs;us e&longs;t: <lb/>candor enim fit ingrediente nece&longs;&longs;ariò aë<lb/>re. </s>

<s id="s.000921">Talis autem ex &longs;olidioribus lapidibus fit: <lb/>nam lapides, vt &longs;olidiores extiterint, maio<lb/>rem & diuturniorem calorem retinent. </s>

<s id="s.000922">Quo<lb/>modo verò calor in his quæ ardent relin<lb/>quatur, & motu ac coitione ignis accen<lb/>datur, inferius o&longs;tendemus. </s>

<s id="s.000923">Verùm motus <lb/>non &longs;olùm penetrare magis cogit, &longs;ed & ca</s>

<s id="s.000924"><arrow.to.target n="marg87"/><lb/>lorem ip&longs;um accendit, atque ( vt dixi ignem <lb/>igne calidiorem reddit. </s>

<s id="s.000925">Nihil mirum igitur <lb/>e&longs;t fulmini tantam ine&longs;&longs;e vim, ac ignem <lb/>illum, qua&longs;i ab aliorum ignium natura alie<lb/>num miracula quædam efficere. </s>

<s id="s.000926">Namque ob <lb/>motum celerem non &longs;olùm magis penetrat, <lb/>&longs;ed ignis ille multò calidior reliquo omni <lb/>igne exi&longs;tit. </s>

<s id="s.000927">Itaque omnia animalia præter <lb/>hominem &longs;olo contactu occidit, hominem <lb/>verò vix vnquam euadere licet. </s>

<s id="s.000928">Eua&longs;it tamen <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg88"/><lb/>Ioannes Maria Cardanus, & &longs;uperuixit raro <lb/>miraculo. </s>

<s id="s.000929">Quis verò e&longs;t alius ignis, qui &longs;olo <lb/>contactu occidat ( hoc igitur ei <emph type="italics"/>)<emph.end type="italics"/> proprium <lb/>e&longs;t, quòd calidi&longs;&longs;imus &longs;it calidi&longs;&longs;imorum, at<lb/>que ( vt ita dicere liceat <emph type="italics"/>)<emph.end type="italics"/> ignis ignium. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000930">Quamobrem & multum refert, an procul, & <lb/>& ex alto veniat, aut prope. </s>

<s id="s.000931">Itaque illæ&longs;a <lb/>quandoque crumena pecunias colliquat: ne<lb/>que e&longs;t enim hoc aut fabulo&longs;um, aut mirum. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000932">Namque quod lædit, aut mole, aut mora <lb/>corrumpit: hic cùm tenui&longs;&longs;imus &longs;it, crume<lb/>nam non di&longs;cerpit: cùm verò veloci&longs;&longs;imè <lb/>moueatur, non hæret, atque ob id crumenæ <lb/>innoxium. </s>

<s id="s.000933">Tran&longs;ire autem nec hærere ob <lb/>&longs;ubtilitatem in crumenam docet aër, qui & <lb/>ip&longs;e vacua diducta crumena ingreditur, at<lb/>que illam implet: quod fieri non po&longs;&longs;et, ni <lb/>per abditos meatus ingrederetur, quando<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg89"/><lb/>quidem ip&longs;ius os diligenter ob&longs;tructum &longs;it. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000934">Ergo ignis &longs;cintilla, fulmini&longs;que pars aëre <lb/>ip&longs;o longè tenuior, po&longs;tquàm ingre&longs;&longs;a fue<lb/>rit, metallo infigitur, ac præ&longs;tanti&longs;&longs;ima illa <lb/>vi, tum impetu, ip&longs;um repentè liquat. </s>

<s id="s.000935">Hanc <lb/>tam excellentem caloris ac &longs;iccitatis ïmmo<lb/>dicæ vim, velut raram, & ob raritatem oc<lb/>cultam, quidam turpiter proprietatem ap<lb/>pellarunt, cùm con&longs;tet immodicum e&longs;&longs;e ca<lb/>lorem, ac ( vt dixi ) ignis ignium. </s>

<s id="s.000936">Mirum <lb/>autem minimè e&longs;&longs;e debet, ignem hunc, aut <lb/>alium quempiam, lapides accendere po&longs;&longs;e. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000937">Nam ferrum haud candens, tamen accen<lb/>dit lignum & ardere facit, & lignum &longs;ul<lb/>phur, quamvis lignum non ardeat & &longs;ul<lb/>phur vitæ aquam vocatam: quod enim &longs;o<lb/>lidius e&longs;t, quod potentia tenuius e&longs;t euincit. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000938">In &longs;olidi&longs;&longs;ima igitur materia ignis feruen<lb/>tior lapides accendere poterit. </s>

<s id="s.000939">Latet autem <lb/>hoc, quod magno v&longs;ui e&longs;&longs;e pote&longs;t ad vr<lb/>bium expugnationem. </s>

<s id="s.000940">Oportet autem cùm <lb/>magno motu hoc ignium genus nece&longs;&longs;ariò <lb/>coniunctum e&longs;&longs;e, & ( vt dixi) in &longs;olidi&longs;&longs;ima <lb/>materia. </s>

<s id="s.000941">Sed cur fulmen columnas non fe<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg90"/><lb/>rit, non carinas? </s>

<s id="s.000942">Rarò quidem hæc ferit, non <lb/>tamen nunquam: nam Florentiæ in æde <lb/>maxima, &longs;eu potius in ædis ambitu, vidi<lb/>mus columnam fulgure percu&longs;&longs;am ac viola<lb/>tam: non tamen ferit frequunter, nec adeò <lb/>di&longs;iicit, quòd ob rotunditatem ictus labatur. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000943">Carinas non ferit eadem ratione, ni&longs;i rarò: <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg91"/><lb/>nam vltra quinque cubitos &longs;ub terra de&longs;cen<lb/>dere negatur. </s>

<s id="s.000944">Humilis autem e&longs;t carina na<lb/>uis, ac cel&longs;a maius, quam frequenter tangit. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000945">Ergo certum e&longs;t contra fulgura auxilium, <lb/>profundis &longs;pecubus &longs;e abdere: tutiùs enim <lb/>hoc quàm vel lauro coronari, aut vituli ma<lb/>rini pelle tegi, aut æquilæ, aut hyacinthum <lb/>lapidem ge&longs;tare: nam negant hæc fulmine <lb/>tangi. </s>

<s id="s.000946">Quidam ficum pro lauro &longs;crip&longs;erunt: <lb/>laurum cohibere comitiales & dæmonas, id <lb/>e&longs;t, per&longs;ua&longs;ionem illam meticulo&longs;am. </s>

<s id="s.000947">At de <lb/>hyacintho inferius di&longs;putabimus: nam non <lb/>leues &longs;unt autores, qui hoc affirmant. </s>

<s id="s.000948">Fulmi<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg92"/><lb/>nis admiranda vis olim fuit, &longs;ed de&longs;iit e&longs;&longs;e, <lb/>bellicorum tormentorum nunc effectibus & <lb/>copia: parum enim abe&longs;&longs;e videntur à fulmi<lb/>nis violentia. </s>

<s id="s.000949">Illud vnde veniat, & quam <lb/>procul, ne&longs;cimus, neque quantum &longs;ecum <lb/>ponderis ferat. </s>

<s id="s.000950">Sunt etiam qui affirment <lb/>&longs;olum ignem e&longs;&longs;e cum impetu, lapidem nul<lb/>lum. </s>

<s id="s.000951">Hoc &longs;olùm certò &longs;cimus, turres inte<lb/>gras quandoque vno ictu di&longs;iici. </s>

<s id="s.000952">Cardani è <lb/>turre vnica, quæ &longs;ola &longs;upere&longs;t, &longs;ed antiqua <lb/>tamen, laterum plu&longs;quàm 12000. vno ictu <lb/>excu&longs;&longs;it, ac di&longs;iecit. </s>

<s id="s.000953">At machinæ hæ 60. <lb/>pleræque pondo ferri per 5000. pa&longs;&longs;uum <lb/>( mirabile certè dictu, ni dicto experientia <lb/>fidem faceret ) ferunt: eædem muros qua<lb/>tiunt, excutiuntque turritas vrbes, nec vlla <lb/>vis tanto malo re&longs;i&longs;tere pote&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.000954">Leui&longs;&longs;ima <lb/>ære ex Cyprio factitio tubæ in modum ca<lb/>nalis efficitur. </s>

<s id="s.000955">Neque arctiores, aut latiores <lb/>in imo e&longs;&longs;e decet, quippe latiores à pila non <lb/>exactè cluduntur, & ideò minus habent im<lb/>petus. </s>

<s id="s.000956">Quòd &longs;i cludantur, periculum fracturæ <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg93"/><lb/>&longs;ubeunt, ob pulueris multitudinem: Arctio<lb/>res autem ni longiores efficiantur, quantum <lb/>oportet pulueris minimè &longs;u&longs;cipiunt. </s>

<s id="s.000957">Si lon<lb/>giores in imo fiant, breuiores euadunt &longs;upe<lb/>riùs, ob idque multum virium. </s>

<s id="s.000958">Quòd &longs;i non <lb/>quantum oportet pila de&longs;cendat ferrea, reli<lb/>cto vacuo debiliorem ictum reddunt, & ma<lb/>chinam agitant, ac etiam quandoque fran<lb/>gunt. </s>

<s id="s.000959">Et tamen artifices, magno Principum <lb/>malo, ne aperti&longs;&longs;ima ratio vilior videatur, <lb/>men&longs;uras qua&longs;dam fingunt arctiores, alij <lb/>in imo, alij latiores facientes perperam, <lb/>cùm vna &longs;it ratio, vt vndique æquales <lb/>&longs;int, optima & &longs;ecuri&longs;&longs;ima. </s>

<s id="s.000960">Machinæ ad <lb/>&longs;phærulam ponderis ratio centupla, vt <pb pagenum="379" xlink:href="016/01/028.jpg"/>&longs;i &longs;phæra quam emittere debet, &longs;it pon<lb/>do XX. erit machina pondo MM. </s>

<s id="s.000961">Cra&longs;&longs;itu<lb/>do in imo, vbi pulueris locus e&longs;t, dodrans <lb/>dimetientis &longs;phærulæ. </s>

<s id="s.000962">Licet autem & pon<lb/>dus, & men&longs;uram cum eo machinæ augere; <lb/>&longs;ed minuere citra periculum fracturæ haud <lb/>licet. </s>

<s id="s.000963">In &longs;ummo cra&longs;&longs;itudo labri machinæ <lb/>non minor triente dimetientis &longs;phærulæ. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000964">Canalis dimetientis ( vt dixi ) æqualis dime<lb/>tienti &longs;phærulæ & pulueris pyrij pondus <expan abbr="põ-deri">pon<lb/>deri</expan> ip&longs;ius &longs;phærulæ. </s>

<s id="s.000965">In minoribus <expan abbr="tam&etilde;">tamen</expan> tor<lb/>mentis machinæ pondus ac cra&longs;&longs;itudo maio<lb/>rem ad &longs;phærulam proportionem habere de<lb/>bet ob &longs;ecuritatem, atque eadem ratione <lb/>pulueris pondus minus e&longs;&longs;e quàm &longs;pærulæ. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.000966">Patet ex hoc ratio quantum &longs;patij imum <lb/>debeat capere, nempe quantum &longs;atis e&longs;t ad <lb/>continendum puluerem, qui pondus &longs;phæ<lb/>rulæ æquet. </s>

<s id="s.000967">Foramen vbi ignis accenditur, <lb/>fundi partem etiam obtineat: nam machi<lb/>na non adeò retrò agitur, cùm ignis &longs;olùm <lb/>pror&longs;um accendatur: ob id rectius collima<lb/>re ictu licet, & minore periculo. </s>

<s id="s.000968">Nam cùm <lb/>multum retrò aguntur, paruæ lædunt mili<lb/>tes, qui eis vtuntur: magnæ, &longs;i non conti<lb/>neantur, incertos edunt ictus, & labefa<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg94"/><lb/>ctant currus quibus in&longs;ident: &longs;i vi con&longs;i&longs;tere <lb/>cogantur, fracturæ periculum &longs;uberint. </s>

<s id="s.000969">E&longs;t <lb/>igitur hoc vnum fracturæ &longs;ignum, vt vehe<lb/>menter retrò agatur: aliud, &longs;i men&longs;ura non <lb/>conueniat, vt cùm tenuior fuerit, aut ar<lb/>ctior quàm oporteat, vel inæqualis vel obli<lb/>qua, quo nil fermè e&longs;t deterius. </s>

<s id="s.000970">Tertium &longs;i<lb/>gnum e&longs;t, cum materia ip&longs;a fuerit &longs;quamo<lb/>&longs;a aut minimè tenax, aut ve&longs;icis plena, aut <lb/>rimam obduxerit. </s>

<s id="s.000971">Quartum, cùm æruginem <lb/>contraxerit, aut aqua maduerit: quo errore <lb/>dum pompa Papiæ, anno M. D. X L V I. <lb/>&longs;olemnis corporis Chri&longs;ti ageretur, quin<lb/>que aut &longs;ex viri ex his qui pompam &longs;eque<lb/>bantur, fractis tormentis perierunt. </s>

<s id="s.000972">Quin<lb/>tum e&longs;t, &longs;i plus pulueris, aut tenuiorem pro <lb/>cra&longs;&longs;iore immi&longs;eris. </s>

<s id="s.000973">Nimis enim aucto ig<lb/>ne, nec moram ad exitum inueniente, fran<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg95"/><lb/>gitur machina. </s>

<s id="s.000974">Accidit & fractura, dum <lb/>&longs;phærula nimis violenter intruditur. </s>

<s id="s.000975">Auxi<lb/>lium præ&longs;tat ne frangatur &longs;u&longs;pecta iam ma<lb/>china, &longs;i dum excutere &longs;phærulam debet, <lb/>in terra iacet: nam ea libertate in eam par<lb/>tem agitur, ad quam ignis impellit: &longs;ed <lb/>tum valde incerto ictu & exitu. </s>

<s id="s.000976">Ob id ma<lb/>gnas machinas in curribus mobilibus ita <lb/>collocant, vt &longs;olo ac finitori æquidi&longs;tan<lb/>tes &longs;int: atque &longs;ic dum ignem concepe<lb/>rint, recta retrò, citráque periculum agantur. <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg96"/></s>

<s id="s.000977"><margin.target id="marg87"/>Fulmen cur <lb/>tantam ha<lb/>beat vim.</s>

<s id="s.000978"><margin.target id="marg88"/><expan abbr="Fulm&etilde;">Fulmen</expan> quo<lb/>modo cru<lb/>mena illæ&longs;a <lb/>pecunias li<lb/>quet.</s>

<s id="s.000979"><margin.target id="marg89"/>Ignis lateres <lb/>vrens.</s>

<s id="s.000980"><margin.target id="marg90"/>Fulmen ra<lb/>rò columnas <lb/>ferit, & cur.</s>

<s id="s.000981"><margin.target id="marg91"/>Aduer&longs;us <lb/>fulgura <lb/>cautio.</s>

<s id="s.000982"><margin.target id="marg92"/><expan abbr="Machinar&utilde;">Machinarum</expan> <lb/>ignearum <lb/>vis.</s>

<s id="s.000983"><margin.target id="marg93"/>Modus ma<lb/>chinas igneas <lb/>faciendi.</s>

<s id="s.000984"><margin.target id="marg94"/>Signa machi<lb/>næ quæ fra<lb/>cturæ obno<lb/>xia &longs;it.</s>

<s id="s.000985"><margin.target id="marg95"/>Auxilium <lb/>machinarum <lb/>ne frangan<lb/>tur.</s>

<s id="s.000986"><margin.target id="marg96"/><expan abbr="Machinar&utilde;">Machinarum</expan> <lb/>bellicarum <lb/>duo genera <lb/>noua.</s>

<s id="s.000987">E&longs;t & aliud genus ignei tormenti nouum, <lb/>cubiti & &longs;emis longitudine, pondere libra<lb/>rum LXX. v&longs;que ad LXXX. </s>

<s id="s.000988">Canalis capit <lb/>&longs;phæram pilæ paruæ magnitudine. </s>

<s id="s.000989">Ferreo <lb/>baculo dum exoneratur, &longs;u&longs;tinetur, caudá<lb/>que continetur: vnius hominis onus ac ma<lb/>china: cæterùm ob cra&longs;&longs;itudinem mirum in <lb/>modum valida, nec minus tuta. </s>

<s id="s.000990">Aliud, in <lb/>quo cauitas ampla iuxta foramen: varij mo<lb/>dioli cauitati imponuntur, omnes eiu&longs;dem <lb/>magnitudinis, quorum canales canalibus <lb/>machinæ è directo corre&longs;pondent, vt muta<lb/>tis modiolis non concale&longs;cat machina. </s>

<s id="s.000992"><arrow.to.target n="marg97"/><lb/>dimus hæc Papi&etail; Principis Saxoniæ inuen<lb/>ta. </s>

<s id="s.000993">Fiunt <emph type="italics"/>(<emph.end type="italics"/> vt dixi) è Cyprio ære maiores, &longs;ed <lb/>tuti&longs;&longs;imæ è ferro, vnde nunc minores om<lb/>nes: maiores tamen ex ferro efficere opero<lb/>&longs;um e&longs;t, ob id pleræque è Cyprio ære. </s>

<s id="s.000994">Tor<lb/>no minores, maiores liquato metallo pla<lb/>&longs;tices opera: inde etiam torno. </s>

<s id="s.000995">Fiunt au<lb/>tem typi pro fingendis machinis plerunque <lb/>è tribus fru&longs;tis, quoniam ex vno fingere ni<lb/>mis e&longs;&longs;et difficile, quando vel &longs;ic etiam gra<lb/>ue &longs;it. </s>

<s id="s.000996">Pars vna canalis, &longs;ecunda embolus <lb/>ma&longs;culus, tertia &longs;edes. </s>

<s id="s.000997">Ip&longs;a verò machina <lb/>plerunque ex vno con&longs;tat fru&longs;to. </s>

<s id="s.000998">Vidi etiam <lb/>ex duobus con&longs;tantem, ac tornatili vitæ al<lb/>teram altera ab imo alligatam. </s>

<s id="s.000999">Materia (vt <lb/>dixi) æs Cyprium factitium. </s>

<s id="s.001000">Con&longs;tat ære <lb/>ip&longs;o, & &longs;eptima fermè parte plumbi nigri <lb/>vel candidi, vel aurichalco. </s>

<s id="s.001001">Sed impetus <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg98"/><lb/>tanti ratio in pyrio puluere e&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.001002">Hic con&longs;tat <lb/>ex tribus partibus halinitri, & duabus &longs;ali<lb/>gnei carbonis, atque vna &longs;ulphuris: conue<lb/>nitque magnis machinis. </s>

<s id="s.001003">Sed mediocribus <lb/>halinitri partes decem, &longs;alignei carboni <lb/>tres, &longs;ulphuris duæ. </s>

<s id="s.001004">Paruis verò halinitri <lb/>partes decem, carbonis lignorum nucis <lb/>auellanæ ab&longs;que nodis, tum &longs;ulphuris, par<lb/>tem vnam &longs;ingulorum. </s>

<s id="s.001005">Contundantur hæc <lb/>ligneo malleo, madefacta priùs aqua putei, <lb/>ne ignem dum tunduntur concipiant. </s>

<s id="s.001006">Sunt <lb/>qui acetum addant, qui ardentem aquam, <lb/>ac &longs;iccent in &longs;ole, &longs;ed non tundunt tunc: fa<lb/>cilè enim ignem po&longs;&longs;ent concipere. </s>

<s id="s.001007">Verùm <lb/>tota cura e&longs;t, vt omnia &longs;ic à terrena parte <lb/>expurgata &longs;int, maximè halinitrum, vt to<lb/>tum ardeat, nec quicquam &longs;uper&longs;it. </s>

<s id="s.001008">Dein<lb/>de, vt ad tenui&longs;&longs;imas partes redigatur, &longs;ic <lb/>enim partes partibus optimè hærebunt: hoc <lb/>fiet, &longs;i &longs;æpiùs contundatur, made&longs;cat, &longs;ic<lb/>cetúrque. </s>

<s id="s.001009">Tertiò, vt cùm perfectus fuerit, <lb/>in &longs;ole &longs;iccetur: nam iuxta ignem apponere <lb/>periculo&longs;i&longs;&longs;imum e&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.001010">Ergo iam tanti effectus <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg99"/><lb/>cau&longs;a quæratur. </s>

<s id="s.001011">Impo&longs;itus hic puluis in ma<lb/>chinam, &longs;phæruláque obducta, adiecto ab <lb/>imo machinæ extrin&longs;ecus igne illicò fermè <lb/>totus àccenditur, ac maius quàm centuplum <lb/>&longs;patium occupare nititur: quòd enim exi<lb/>guus puluis in vola manus non minus quàm <lb/>centuplum &longs;patij occupet, experimentum <lb/>o&longs;tendet, cùm &longs;i quantum e&longs;t granum milij, <lb/>ex hoc puluere accendatur, locum nucis ig<lb/>ne compleat. </s>

<s id="s.001012">O&longs;tendit & ratio: nam ignis <lb/>rara materia ac tenuis magnis limitibus <lb/>continetur, cùm terra & puluis &longs;olida &longs;int <lb/>ac den&longs;a. </s>

<s id="s.001013">Itaque accen&longs;us iam puluis cùm <lb/>in arcto &longs;it, violenter excutit machinam <lb/>vndique, nec aliubi faciliorem exitum in<lb/>ueniens, quàm vbi &longs;phærula vi inclu&longs;a fuit, <lb/>eam magno conatu elidit, primò per canalis <lb/>&longs;patium, inde ea &longs;eruata vehementia foràs <lb/>expellit, & continuato inde impetu &longs;patia <lb/>terrarum longa &longs;uperat, & obuia quæque <lb/>euertit ac diruit. </s>

<s id="s.001014">Par e&longs;t etiam cum magno <lb/>&longs;trepitu hæc fieri, cùm ignis ille affatim & <lb/>tanto impetu exeat, & aërem repentè con<lb/>cutiat. </s>

<s id="s.001015">Ip&longs;a quoque &longs;phærula &longs;tridulum <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg100"/><lb/>quendam &longs;onum, dum aërem velox diuidit, <lb/>excitat. </s>

<s id="s.001016">Tum verò halinitrum, & omne &longs;a<lb/>lis genus, &longs;pontè etiam in libero igne po<lb/>&longs;itum non leuem crepitum excitat. </s>

<s id="s.001017">His tri<lb/>bus cau&longs;is, &longs;ed prima præcipuè, dum exo<lb/>neratur machina, fragor tantus, ac tonitru <lb/>non ab&longs;imilis excitatur. </s>

<s id="s.001018">Sed &longs;i puluis non <pb pagenum="380" xlink:href="016/01/029.jpg"/>confertim ardeat, aut quia lentus, aut im<lb/>purus, vel non elaboratus, vel quia parum <lb/>habeat halinitri, lentè emittit, debiliter, <lb/>& paruo cum &longs;onitu. </s>

<s id="s.001019">At &longs;i iu&longs;to tenuior fue<lb/>rit, tota &longs;imul ardens frangit machinam. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.001020">Manife&longs;tum e&longs;t igitur, quòd cùm celeritas <lb/>tran&longs;itus in ignem ex proportione pendeat, <lb/>caloris ad pulueris repugnantiam attenuato <lb/>autem puluere repugnantia minuatur, quòd <lb/>in infinitum hæc perfectio pulueris progre<lb/>di pote&longs;t, &longs;ic vt momento tota accendatur. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.001021">Tunc verò cum repentè non inuenire exi<lb/>tum po&longs;&longs;it, quippe cùm motus omnis tem<lb/>pus po&longs;tulet, machinam franget. </s>

<s id="s.001022">Igitur non <lb/>&longs;olùm puluerem licebit conficere, qui om<lb/>nes machinas effringet, &longs;ed tenuiore impo<lb/>&longs;ito maioribus machinis illæ peribunt: & <lb/>rur&longs;us cra&longs;&longs;iore tenuibus ac paruis, vix &longs;phæ<lb/>rulam excutere poterunt. </s>

<s id="s.001023">Igitur intra limites <lb/>certos atque angu&longs;tos po&longs;ita hæc e&longs;t ra<lb/>tio, quæ cum tractantium machinas peri<lb/>culo coniuncta e&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.001024">Ille autem tutò & ma<lb/>ximo cum impetu tractabit eas, & ictus di<lb/>riget, qui qualem oportebit pro <expan abbr="machinar&utilde;">machinarum</expan> <lb/>ratione puluerem efficiet & admini&longs;trabit. </s>

<s id="s.001025"><margin.target id="marg97"/>Machinæ <lb/>bebbicæ è qua <lb/>materia <expan abbr="fiãt">fiant</expan>.</s>

<s id="s.001026"><margin.target id="marg98"/>Pyrij pulue<lb/>ris compo&longs;i<lb/>tio.</s>

<s id="s.001027"><margin.target id="marg99"/>Cur puluis <lb/>pyrius à ma<lb/>china tanto <lb/>impetu <expan abbr="&longs;phe-rulã">&longs;phe<lb/>rulam</expan> mittat.</s>

<s id="s.001028"><margin.target id="marg100"/>Cau&longs;a &longs;oni<lb/>tus magni <lb/>machinarum <lb/>dum exone<lb/>rantur.</s>

<s id="s.001029">Porrò eadem quæ machinarum, &longs;ed ad<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg101"/><lb/>mirabilior cuniculorum ratio e&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.001030">Huius tam <lb/>atrocis inuenti auctor fuit Franci&longs;cus Geor<lb/>gius Senen&longs;is. </s>

<s id="s.001031">Docuit hic Hi&longs;panos arcem <lb/>Lucullianam iuxta Neapolim, quam Galli <lb/>tuebantur, nunc Ouum vocatam, euerte<lb/>re, æde illius &longs;acra cum Gallis, qui intus <lb/>erant, etiam in mare ex monte tran&longs;lata. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.001032">Ergo cùm arx maximè in monte iacet, vi<lb/>detúrque ob &longs;itum inexpugnabilis, cu<lb/>niculum effodiunt obliquum, altitudi<lb/>nis quatuor cubitorum, latitudinis duo<lb/>rum: nec multum refert obliquitas, dum <lb/>procul fueris: &longs;ed cùm ad locum quem &longs;u<lb/>bruere de&longs;tinas perueneris, obliquum &longs;pe<lb/>cum e&longs;&longs;e oportet, vt iuxta A, tum verò ibi <lb/>etiam &longs;olidam montis &longs;ub&longs;tantiam, ne vis <lb/><figure id="id.016.01.029.1.jpg" xlink:href="016/01/029/1.jpg"/><lb/>ignis conclu&longs;i raritate loci euane&longs;cat: inde <lb/>locus ille puluere totus fermè completur py<lb/>rio, eóque tenui&longs;&longs;imo. </s>

<s id="s.001033">Funis verò deduci<lb/>tur ex A, v&longs;que ad &longs;pecus o&longs;tium B, hic iux<lb/>ta A, vbi puluis e&longs;t, cra&longs;&longs;us ac latus in mo<lb/>dum flocci. </s>

<s id="s.001034">Totus autem funis aceto, &longs;ul<lb/>phure & halinitro incoquitur: inde intectus <lb/>pyrio puluere, &longs;iccatur in &longs;ole: denuò &longs;icca<lb/>to in&longs;pergitur tenui&longs;&longs;imus puluis pyrius, & <lb/>arundine circumue&longs;titur ab A, v&longs;que ad B: <lb/>inde cuneis, lapidibú&longs;que C, o&longs;tium, & <lb/>v&longs;que ad D, clauditur adeò diligenter, vt <lb/>&longs;olius arundinis locus relinquatur. </s>

<s id="s.001035">Igitur <lb/>accen&longs;o B, funis initio, celerrimè ob pul<lb/>uerem pyrium ignis v&longs;que ad A, permeat, <lb/>accenditque puluerem totum: cúmque cu<lb/>neis & lapidibus ob&longs;tructus locus &longs;it, nec &longs;i <lb/>extrudantur vllus pateat exitus, quia E, nec <lb/>e&longs;t in directo A, nec D, in directo C, nec <lb/>B, in directo ED, nece&longs;&longs;arium e&longs;t vt di&longs;ru<lb/>pto monte, quicquid &longs;uperius e&longs;t euertat, <lb/>totam montis molem concutiens. </s>

<s id="s.001036">Ob id <lb/>viam BA, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> breuem e&longs;&longs;e oportet: nec locum <lb/>A, aliqua ex tenui montis parte, ne qua <lb/>tenue e&longs;&longs;et ob&longs;taculum ignis erumperet, &longs;u<lb/>periorémque locum illæ&longs;um permittere. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.001037">Obliquitas igitur &longs;pecu stanti miraculi cau<lb/>&longs;a e&longs;t, vt etiam montes euertantur. </s>

<s id="s.001038">Refe<lb/>runt hæc cuniculorum antiquam rationem <lb/>omnibus tunc notam: cùm & pari modo <lb/>obuiam tuti&longs;&longs;imè itur effo&longs;&longs;a è regione ter<lb/>ra, vt cuniculis occurrentes ignem exhala<lb/>re cogamus, & irritum illius impetum red<lb/>damus. </s>

<s id="s.001039">Vt verò rectè cuniculis occurramus, <lb/>docet &longs;onus fodientium, qui va&longs;is æneis cir<lb/>cum circa iuxta aggerem intus di&longs;po&longs;itis, per <lb/>noctis &longs;ilentium excipitur. </s>

<s id="s.001040">Et quamvis in<lb/>fatigabili opere illum ob&longs;curare inconditis <lb/>&longs;trepitibus ho&longs;tes nitantur: &longs;i tamen ob&longs;e&longs;&longs;i <lb/>accuratius atque diligentius rei incumbant <lb/>indu&longs;tria atque &longs;olertia, faba in auctorem <lb/>cudetur: ip&longs;i&longs;que doli auctoribus inuentum <lb/>damno&longs;ius erit, quàm his aduer&longs;us quos do<lb/>lus hic excogitatus e&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.001041">Perilai boui &longs;imilem <lb/>exitum habens. </s>

<s id="s.001042">Adde quòd per&longs;æpe, vt in <lb/>Cunnei præ&longs;enti ob&longs;idione parum peritis <lb/>Ducibus ab eli&longs;a murorum, & terræ mole <lb/>acies militum obruuntur, vt quaqua ver<lb/>&longs;um, & quam longè ca&longs;ura &longs;it præ&longs;cire opor<lb/>teat. </s>

<s id="s.001043">Porrò quomodo hæc docere conue<lb/>niat, in libris de Æternitatis arcanis defini<lb/>tum e&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.001044">Sed cui nondum ratio ex libris illis <lb/>tradendi, vtendique non in bonorum perni<lb/>ciem per&longs;pecta fuerit, nepharij propo&longs;iti e&longs;t <lb/>etiam vulgata, nedum abdita, huius generis <lb/>tradere. </s>

<s id="s.001045"><margin.target id="marg101"/>Cuniculo<lb/>rum igneo<lb/>rum quos <lb/>minas vo<lb/>cant, ratio.</s>

<s id="s.001046">Sed his relictis, rur&longs;us ad ignis vim re<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg102"/><lb/>deamus, ex qua non leues dubitationes or<lb/>tum habent. </s>

<s id="s.001047">Nam cùm dixerimus motu il<lb/>lum con&longs;eruari, cur, dicet aliquis, melius <lb/>&longs;ub cineribus pruna &longs;eruatur quam detecta, <lb/>cùm cineres omnem prohibeant motum <gap/><lb/>Hæc facilis e&longs;t dubitatio, atque ad hunc li<lb/>brum minimè pertinens, in quo propo&longs;itum <lb/>e&longs;t, &longs;olum magna & difficillima ac pulcher<lb/>rima per&longs;equi. </s>

<s id="s.001048">Quamobrem in po&longs;terum à <lb/>talibus ab&longs;tinebo, qualis e&longs;t hæc propo&longs;ita <lb/>dubitatio. </s>

<s id="s.001049">Itaque illi re&longs;pondere &longs;atis e&longs;t, <lb/>ignem &longs;emper motum habere aliquem, &longs;ed <lb/>prunas admodum tenuem, qui etiam &longs;ub ci<lb/>neribus maneat. </s>

<s id="s.001050">Cùm igitur prunæ detectæ <lb/>&longs;unt, aër corrumpit ignem illum circum<lb/>&longs;tans: mauult enim corrumpere quam cor<lb/>rumpi: nec tam tenuis motus illum &longs;eruare <lb/>pote&longs;t, verum contectus cinere, ab aëris <lb/>offen&longs;a tutus e&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.001051">Itaque tribus modis ignis <lb/>&longs;eruatur: vel cum motum ex &longs;eip&longs;o excitat, <lb/>vt in cereis, & generaliter vbi flamma mo<lb/>tu &longs;uo &longs;eip&longs;am tuetur: vel cùm aliunde mo<lb/>tu fouetur, vt flante vento, vel follibus, <lb/>vnde magna incendia fermè omnia dum <lb/>venti validi flarent, facta &longs;unt. </s>

<s id="s.001052">Tertiò, cùm <lb/>tutus e&longs;t ab aëre, &longs;ic tamen vt re&longs;pirare po&longs;<lb/>&longs;it, velut &longs;ub cineribus. </s>

<s id="s.001053">Nec refert an cine<lb/>res alieni &longs;int, an vt in quibu&longs;dam lignis <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg103"/><lb/>contingit, illos &longs;ibi circumcirca paret. </s>

<s id="s.001054">Alia <lb/>e&longs;t etiam dubitatio cur ignem magis &longs;olea<lb/>mus dicere &longs;ub&longs;tantiam quam glaciem: nam <lb/>nemo glaciem &longs;ub&longs;tantiam dixit, ignem <pb pagenum="381" xlink:href="016/01/030.jpg"/>autem plerique non &longs;olum dixerunt, &longs;ed <lb/>etiam exi&longs;timauerunt, cùm tamen ambo ac<lb/>cidentia &longs;int. </s>

<s id="s.001055">Cau&longs;a e&longs;t in promptu. </s>

<s id="s.001056">Acciden<lb/>tia &longs;olemus appellare, quæ ad&longs;unt non cor<lb/>rupto &longs;ubiecto: talis autem videtur glacies. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.001057">Nam gelu concreta aqua, lac, vinum, &longs;o<lb/>luto gelu eadem con&longs;piciuntur. </s>

<s id="s.001058">At igne ple<lb/>raque corrumpuntur, & quæ manent, vt <lb/>lapides & metalla, læ&longs;a vehementer vi<lb/>dentur, præter aurum & argentum, & pau<lb/>culas gemmas: ob id ignem arbitrabantur <lb/>maius aliquid e&longs;&longs;e quàm calorem. </s>

<s id="s.001059">Huius <lb/>tamen differentiæ cau&longs;am &longs;uperius docui<lb/>mus. <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg104"/></s>

<s id="s.001060"><margin.target id="marg102"/>Cur ignis <lb/>&longs;ub cineri<lb/>bus &longs;eruatur. </s>

<s id="s.001061"><margin.target id="marg103"/>Cur ignem <lb/>magis &longs;ub<lb/>&longs;tantiam e&longs;&longs;e. <lb/>dicamus <lb/><expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> glaciem.</s>

<s id="s.001062"><margin.target id="marg104"/>An aliquis <lb/>ignis non <lb/>&longs;plendeat.</s>

<s id="s.001063">Erat & aliud dubitatione dignum: quo<lb/>niam ignis quiddam à quocunque calore &longs;e<lb/>paratum videbatur, non tamen e&longs;t, licet co<lb/>lorem mutet, & &longs;ibi &longs;imilem facilè gignat. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.001064">Sed non omnis ignis &longs;plendet: etenim fer<lb/>rum igneum &longs;ulphur accendit & vrit, ex <lb/>quo patet ip&longs;um ignis iam formam conce</s>

<s id="s.001065"><arrow.to.target n="marg105"/><lb/>pi&longs;&longs;e, nec tamen &longs;plendere. </s>

<s id="s.001066">Ita diuer&longs;a ra<lb/>tione ignis quem ardens aqua emittit, non <lb/>&longs;olùm ob &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ raritatem, &longs;ed quia mi<lb/>nus calidus e&longs;t: ob id et&longs;i con&longs;umatur & <lb/>&longs;plendeat, vix dicam illum ignem, qui lin<lb/>teum cui inhæret, & quod aqua ip&longs;a maduit, <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg106"/><lb/>non vrat, ignem dici debere. </s>

<s id="s.001067">Eadem ratio <lb/>&longs;ic &longs;i diutiùs di&longs;tilletur, attenuetúrque ma<lb/>gis, magno miraculo manus ardebit, neque <lb/>&longs;entiet. </s>

<s id="s.001068">Itaque &longs;i quis rectè in&longs;piciat, po&longs;t<lb/>quàm calor certam metam attigit, ignis di<lb/>ci meretur: hæc autem meta non vna e&longs;t, <lb/>&longs;ed quum aërem vincere pote&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.001069">Quum verò <lb/>eò iam peruenerit, &longs;plendoris & lucis ac ro<lb/>boris tantùm acquirit, quantum etiam ca<lb/>lor ip&longs;e, ip&longs;éque ignis augetur. </s>

<s id="s.001070">Vim verò <lb/>iuxta &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ, cui ine&longs;t, den&longs;itatem: nam <lb/>pruna calidior ob id flamma e&longs;t, adeò vt py<lb/>rius puluis à pruna &longs;tatim à flamma vix ac<lb/>cendatur: atque id qui cau&longs;am ignorant, <lb/>tanquam rem magnam admirantur. </s>

<s id="s.001071">Ergo <lb/>vt ab initio dixi, ignis nihil aliud e&longs;t, quàm <lb/>calor valde magnus cum &longs;iccitate iunctus: <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg107"/><lb/>nam ab&longs;que &longs;iccitate ignis e&longs;&longs;e non pote&longs;t, <lb/>aliter aqua feruens ignis e&longs;&longs;e po&longs;&longs;et. </s>

<s id="s.001072">Non <lb/>minus igitur ignis e&longs;&longs;entia à &longs;iccitate ip&longs;a <lb/>pendet, quàm à calore. </s>

<s id="s.001073">Hac igitur de cau<lb/>&longs;a faces è quocunque ligno facere edocti <lb/>&longs;umus: &longs;ed &longs;i ex den&longs;iore ac &longs;olidiore, diu<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg108"/><lb/>turniores. </s>

<s id="s.001074">Stolonem querneum, cubi cra&longs;<lb/>&longs;itudine à vertice ad imum diuides in pluri<lb/>ma fru&longs;ta, velut duodecim, aut &longs;exdecim, <lb/>pluráve, ita vt imum integrum maneat, in<lb/>de &longs;iccetur in furno duobus, tribú&longs;ve die<lb/>bus: exclu&longs;o itaque humido aqueo quum <lb/>remaneat quod pingue e&longs;t, ardet vt t&oelig;da: <lb/>& &longs;i longitudine hominem æquat, durat <lb/>alacris flamma per horæ ac dimidiæ &longs;patium <lb/>lumine &longs;plendidi&longs;&longs;imo. </s>

<s id="s.001075">Ergo, vt iam dixi, <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg109"/><lb/>tam frigidis ignis extinguitur, quàm humi<lb/>dis obruitur: ab humidis quidem duabus cau<lb/>&longs;is, tum vt contrariis, tum quòd re&longs;pirare ac <lb/>moueri illum prohibeant: à frigidis autem, <lb/>&longs;olùm vt contrariis. </s>

<s id="s.001076">Ab aqua igitur, triplici <lb/>ratione extinguitur. <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg110"/></s>

<s id="s.001077"><margin.target id="marg105"/>Aqua <expan abbr="ard&etilde;s">ardens</expan> <lb/>vritur illæ&longs;o <lb/>linteo quòd <lb/>ea madet.</s>

<s id="s.001078"><margin.target id="marg106"/>Manus vt <lb/>ardeat ho<lb/>mine non <lb/>&longs;entiente.</s>

<s id="s.001079"><margin.target id="marg107"/>Ignis ratio <lb/>non minus <lb/>con&longs;tat &longs;ic<lb/>citate quam <lb/>calore.</s>

<s id="s.001080"><margin.target id="marg108"/>Faces quo<lb/>modo è quo<lb/>cunque ligno <lb/>fiant.</s>

<s id="s.001081"><margin.target id="marg109"/>Ignis ab <lb/>aqua triplici <lb/>ratione ex<lb/>tinguitur.</s>

<s id="s.001082"><margin.target id="marg110"/>Modi quibus <lb/>ignis genera<lb/>tur.</s>

<s id="s.001083">Nunc tandem &longs;upere&longs;t, vt cau&longs;as gene<lb/>rationis illius o&longs;tendamus, neque leuem <lb/>habent in &longs;e ob&longs;curitatem. </s>

<s id="s.001084">Igitur primò, <lb/>quot modis fiat con&longs;ideremus. </s>

<s id="s.001085">Fit autem <lb/>propagatione, anti&longs;pa&longs;i percu&longs;&longs;ione, fri<lb/>ctione, putredine, coïtione. </s>

<s id="s.001086">Nam qui vel <lb/>&longs;peculis concauis, vel &longs;phærulis per&longs;picuis <lb/>generantur, ad coïtionem manife&longs;tè perti<lb/>net. </s>

<s id="s.001087">Sed coïtionis ob&longs;cura ratio non e&longs;t, nam<lb/>que &longs;i denis viris nummos denos di&longs;tri<lb/>buas, &longs;inguli habebunt nummum: &longs;ed &longs;i in <lb/>quinque, binos. </s>

<s id="s.001088">Si igitur calor qui per ma<lb/>gnum &longs;patium di&longs;per&longs;us e&longs;t, in vnum con<lb/>trahatur, quicquid magnæ illi quantitati <lb/>inerat, & modicæ illi ine&longs;t: quamobrem <lb/>magnus calor in paruo &longs;patio contentus, <lb/>magnos effectus producet, magnú&longs;que ob <lb/>id dici merebitur, atque ob id ignis. </s>

<s id="s.001089">Hoc <lb/>enim adeò planè expo&longs;itum e&longs;t, vt repetere <lb/>haud &longs;it nece&longs;&longs;arium. </s>

<s id="s.001090">Sed qui anti&longs;pa&longs;i fit, <lb/>ad coïtionem reducitur. </s>

<s id="s.001091">Non enim ob aliud <lb/>anti&longs;pa&longs;is accedit, quàm quòd in vnum co<lb/>git: ergo & huius cau&longs;a cognita e&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.001092">Propa<lb/>gatione autem o&longs;tendimus quomodo gene<lb/>retur &longs;uperius. </s>

<s id="s.001093">Vnumquódque enim natura <lb/>con&longs;tantium atque mortalium &longs;ibi &longs;imile ge<lb/>nerare aptum e&longs;t, itaque nihil mirum ex ig<lb/>ne ignem accendi: verùm frictio & percu&longs;<lb/>&longs;io à motu initium habent: putredo autem <lb/>non &longs;ufficit ignem accendere, &longs;ed vel alio <lb/>calore confirmatur, aut motu, aut anti&longs;pa<lb/>&longs;i, atque coïtione. </s>

<s id="s.001094">Itaque &longs;i quo modo mo</s>

<s id="s.001095"><arrow.to.target n="marg111"/><lb/>tu ignis accendatur docuerimus, modos om<lb/>nes &longs;imul quibus ignis accendi po&longs;&longs;it de<lb/>mon&longs;trabimus: & quòd tantùm tres verè <lb/>&longs;int, coïtio, propagationem motus, quan<lb/>quam longè plures e&longs;&longs;e videantur. </s>

<s id="s.001096">O&longs;tende<lb/>re autem quomodo ignis à motu generetur, <lb/>non aliud e&longs;t, quàm quomodo motus &longs;it <lb/>cau&longs;a caloris demon&longs;trare: nam &longs;i motus e&longs;t <lb/>cau&longs;a caloris, erit & augmenti illius. </s>

<s id="s.001097">Ignis <lb/>autem ( vt diximus ) nihil aliud e&longs;t, quàm <lb/>color in immen&longs;um auctus. </s>

<s id="s.001098">Ergo quónam <lb/>pacto motus calefacit, inquirunt Ari&longs;tote<lb/>lici, ac multa nugantur: tandem verò ad id <lb/>redeunt, vt calor &longs;it effectus motus: e&longs;tque <lb/>hoc ac &longs;i dicerent, Ne&longs;cimus. </s>

<s id="s.001099">Idem enim <lb/>per idem o&longs;tendere, certum nugacis atque <lb/>imperiti argumentum e&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.001100">Quid tandem ob&longs;<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg112"/><lb/>curè & &longs;uo more dixerunt quidam, quòd <lb/>calor hic in aëre iam e&longs;t, &longs;ed per motum ad <lb/>formam illam deducitur, e&longs;&longs;éque hunc ca<lb/>lorem illum qui à de&longs;ideribus prouenerit? <lb/></s>

<s id="s.001101">O egregium hominem: calida non cen&longs;ent <lb/>a&longs;tra, inde calorem illum a&longs;trorum ignem <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e volunt. </s>

<s id="s.001102">Quòd et&longs;i caliditatem efficere <lb/>&longs;idera, quæ calida e&longs;&longs;e negant concedatur, <lb/>rur&longs;us dubitatio emergit, quomodo calo<lb/>rem illum motus augeat. </s>

<s id="s.001103">Certum enim e&longs;t, <lb/>conceptam caliditatem antè à &longs;yderibus ab&longs;<lb/>que motu nondum e&longs;&longs;e igneam. </s>

<s id="s.001104">Alexander <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg113"/><lb/>rectè &longs;entit in hoc, quòd non ex lapidibus <lb/>excutitur ignis, &longs;ed aër qui ibi continetur, <lb/>attritu repentino vertitur in ignem. </s>

<s id="s.001105">Sed &longs;i <lb/>ita e&longs;t, cur non è &longs;olidi&longs;&longs;imis lapidibus, vt <lb/>porphyrite, ac duri&longs;&longs;imis magis excutitur, <lb/>quàm à mollioribus, vt chry&longs;tallo & chal<lb/>cedonio? </s>

<s id="s.001106">Rur&longs;us, cur non è duobus lapidi<lb/>bus eiu&longs;dem generis magis, vt chry&longs;tallinis, <lb/>quàm è chry&longs;tallo & chalybe ignis proue<lb/>nit? </s>

<s id="s.001107">Deinde, cur ( quod maximum e&longs;t ) &longs;i <lb/>&longs;olus aër accenditur, &longs;cintillæ illæ magna <lb/>ex parte, ac veluti graues, lento proce&longs;&longs;u <lb/>de&longs;cendunt? </s>

<s id="s.001108">Nam purus ignis, aut non de&longs;-<pb pagenum="382" xlink:href="016/01/031.jpg"/>cendit, aut &longs;i impetu cogatur, celeriter de&longs;<lb/>cendit. </s>

<s id="s.001109">Cùm igitur lentè de&longs;cendant quæ<lb/>dam, non ex &longs;olo aëre illæ con&longs;tant. </s>

<s id="s.001110">Ergo <lb/>quòd non &longs;it in lapide ignis conceptus, re<lb/>ctè dixit Alexander: vret enim ignis lapi<lb/>dem, & rur&longs;us lapis tangentis manum, <lb/>& facilè accenderetur, & alimento indige<lb/>ret, & duobus lapidibus concu&longs;&longs;is &longs;imul fa<lb/>cilè elideretur, vt duobus chalcedoniis, at<lb/>tritus enim &longs;ufficeret ad elidendum ignem: <lb/>quorum nullum cum verum &longs;it, liquidò con<lb/>&longs;tat ignem in lapide non contineri. </s>

<s id="s.001111">Sed nec <lb/>rur&longs;us ( vt dixi <emph type="italics"/>)<emph.end type="italics"/> ex aëre generantur: nam <lb/>lapides vt duriores &longs;unt, indigent maiore <lb/>percu&longs;&longs;ione vt ignis generetur. </s>

<s id="s.001112">Ergo &longs;i &longs;o<lb/>lùm &longs;ufficeret aërem repentè concuti ex tali <lb/>ictu, qualis e&longs;t is quo è chalybe, & chry<lb/>&longs;tallo ignis excutitur, ex duobus chalybis <lb/>fru&longs;tis po&longs;&longs;et ignis generari: at non e&longs;t &longs;ic, <lb/>&longs;ed, ( vt dixi <emph type="italics"/>)<emph.end type="italics"/> duriora vehementiores ictus <lb/>expo&longs;cunt, ignémque creant &longs;olidiorem ac <lb/>viuaciorem, vt cuius quandoque &longs;cintilla <lb/>non paruo maneat tempore. </s>

<s id="s.001113">Quinetiam qui<lb/>dam &longs;unt lapides vitrei ac molles, qui leui&longs;<lb/>&longs;imis ictibus, vel &longs;olùm tacti, ignem, &longs;ed <lb/>minimè viuacem, edunt. </s>

<s id="s.001114">Indicium verò <lb/>certum e&longs;t ex lapidis &longs;ub&longs;tantia ignem ge<lb/>nerari, quòd &longs;ine illius attritione nunquam <lb/>eliditur: aër etiam <emph type="italics"/>(<emph.end type="italics"/> vt diximus) in flam<lb/>mam, non &longs;cintillas, vertitur. </s>

<s id="s.001115">Quinetiam <lb/>molæ circumactæ, cùm aqua non aëre ob<lb/>ductæ &longs;int, ignem tamen emittunt: lapides <lb/>etiam ip&longs;i non ni&longs;i ex angulis. </s>

<s id="s.001116">Itaque non <lb/>in lapidibus abditus latet ignis, nec concu&longs;<lb/>&longs;o aëre ex aëre generantur. </s>

<s id="s.001117">Sed nec quòd in <lb/>illis potentia &longs;it ignis, vllum certum e&longs;t in<lb/>dicium: vix enim in ignem proiecti accen<lb/>duntur, nec à frigido vnquam inflamman<lb/>tur, & epoti &longs;trenuè refrigerant. </s>

<s id="s.001118">Quare ma<lb/>nife&longs;tum e&longs;t, ex attritione lapidis ad tenui&longs;<lb/>&longs;imas partes illius &longs;ub&longs;tantia redacta, ignem <lb/>generari, e&longs;&longs;éque huius materiam, vel il<lb/>lius ad hoc aptiorem. </s>

<s id="s.001119">Namque puriores ac <lb/>non parum duri, ac tenui &longs;ub&longs;tantia con<lb/>&longs;tantes, vt chalcedonij, chry&longs;talli, atque <lb/>huiu&longs;cemodi, apti&longs;&longs;imi &longs;unt: contrà fragi<lb/>les, aut præduri, aut cra&longs;&longs;a con&longs;tantes &longs;ub<lb/>&longs;tantia, minimè apti. </s>

<s id="s.001120">Sic etiam ex &longs;agittæ <lb/>motu plumbum lique&longs;cit: quoniam extre<lb/>mæ partes, minimè angulorum, quæ tenui&longs;<lb/>&longs;imæ &longs;unt, atteruntur. </s>

<s id="s.001121">Idem contingit in <lb/>longo motu, quòd in pluribus exiguis repe<lb/>titis: velut cùm tabulæ gladium affricamus: <lb/>&longs;ed hic eo vehementior attritio, quo id quod <lb/>&longs;uppo&longs;itum e&longs;t, etiam duritie &longs;ua re&longs;i&longs;tit, vt <lb/>aër in medio compre&longs;&longs;us dum attenuatur at<lb/>tenuat. </s>

<s id="s.001122">Sed ad id vnde digre&longs;&longs;us eram, de <lb/>motu accendente calorem, reuerti opus e&longs;t: <lb/>nam ex hoc omnia fermè pendêre videntur. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.001123">Itaque ex aqua ignem vnquam accendi vi<lb/>demus, ex aëre autem non ni&longs;i propagatio<lb/>ne, non motu: & &longs;i humidorum aliquod <lb/>accenditur, vt oleum ac vinum, ab igne, <lb/>non non motu, inflammatur. </s>

<s id="s.001124">Ergo quod <lb/>motu accenditur, &longs;iccum e&longs;&longs;e oportet, non <lb/>humidum: quod verò ab alio igne, etiam <lb/>humidum e&longs;&longs;e pote&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.001125">Quòd igitur &longs;iccum <lb/>e&longs;t ac vehementer, iam ex dimidio ignis <lb/>e&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.001126">E&longs;t enim ( vt dixi ) ignis vehemens cali<lb/>ditas ac &longs;iccitas. </s>

<s id="s.001127">Indiget igitur hoc quod <lb/>&longs;iccum e&longs;t, vt tantum incale&longs;cat: verùm <lb/>partis & totius eadem ratio e&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.001128">Si enim in<lb/>cale&longs;cit motu vehementi, etiam vehemen<lb/>ter incale&longs;cet. </s>

<s id="s.001129">Cùm igitur &longs;iccum motu col<lb/>liditur, vt rarum euadat ac tenuè nece&longs;&longs;e <lb/>e&longs;t: at tenuis &longs;ub&longs;tantia & &longs;icca, ignea e&longs;t. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.001130">Vnaquæque enim materia &longs;ub certa quan<lb/>titate formam ad &longs;e rapit. </s>

<s id="s.001131">Hoc &longs;olùm e&longs;t igi<lb/>tur bene dictum, quòd calor ille qui è &longs;yde<lb/>bus mi&longs;tis ine&longs;t &longs;iccæ iunctus materiæ, dum <lb/>motu nimis attenuatur non repugnante hu<lb/>mido, quippe cùm &longs;iccam eam iam &longs;uppo<lb/>&longs;uerimus, nec formà priore vt pote lapidis, <lb/>adeò ob tenuitatem debilitatæ, ne &longs;imul <lb/>qualitates lapidis ade&longs;&longs;ent, abe&longs;&longs;et verò &longs;ub<lb/>&longs;tantia, ignis formam &longs;u&longs;cipiunt calore <lb/>agente. </s>

<s id="s.001132">Ergo hic modus coïtioni, qua&longs;i con<lb/>trarius e&longs;t: in illo con&longs;tante materia calor <lb/>cogitur, hîc &longs;ub eodem calore materia ip<lb/>&longs;a attenuatur. </s>

<s id="s.001133">Indicio e&longs;t hanc e&longs;&longs;e cau<lb/>&longs;am, quòd aqua motu in aërem verti<lb/>tur, vt qui&longs;que vbi illæ cadunt magno im<lb/>petu pote&longs;t videre. </s>

<s id="s.001134">Nam attenuata &longs;ub&longs;tan<lb/>tia cùm humido iuncta &longs;it, aëris formam <lb/>induit. <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg114"/></s>

<s id="s.001135"><margin.target id="marg111"/>Motus quo<lb/>modo <expan abbr="calor&etilde;">calorem</expan> <lb/>& ignem ge<lb/>neret.</s>

<s id="s.001136"><margin.target id="marg112"/>Auerroës in <lb/>paraphra&longs;i <lb/>Metaphy. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.001137">tract. 2. <lb/>col. </s>

<s id="s.001139"><margin.target id="marg113"/>Quomodo è <lb/>lapidibus ig<lb/>nis excutia<lb/>tur.</s>

<s id="s.001140"><margin.target id="marg114"/>Frigus nihil <lb/>e&longs;t actu, &longs;ed <lb/>&longs;ola caloris <lb/>priuatio.</s>

<s id="s.001141">Verùm dubitabis, in frigido aëre ac ma<lb/>teria, in qua iam frigus &longs;uperat, vt in lapi<lb/>de, cur calor in&longs;urgit, cùm frigus &longs;it poten<lb/>tius? </s>

<s id="s.001142">Re&longs;pondeo, frigus &longs;i pro actu intelli<lb/>gatur, nihil e&longs;&longs;e ni&longs;i calorem illum exiguum: <lb/>quod autem non e&longs;t, nullas habet opera<lb/>tiones. </s>

<s id="s.001143">Ob id frigus non in&longs;urgit, cùm &longs;ola <lb/>priuatio quædam &longs;it, &longs;ed calor, qui tamen <lb/>ad paucitatem &longs;ubiectæ materiæ compara<lb/>tus, magnus e&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.001144">Indicio e&longs;t frigus nihil om<lb/>ninò e&longs;&longs;e præter caloris priuationem, ter<lb/>tianarum rigor, in quo cùm nulla &longs;it mate<lb/>ria frigida, &longs;ed &longs;olius caloris fuga, frigus <lb/>tamen non leue &longs;entitur. </s>

<s id="s.001145">Vbi ergo calor exi<lb/>guus in materia pauca fuerit, &longs;eruatur. </s>

<s id="s.001146">Ea<lb/>dem ratione nec &longs;iccitas aliud e&longs;t, quam hu<lb/>midi priuatio. </s>

<s id="s.001147">Quamobrem &longs;icca humectari </s>

<s id="s.001148"><arrow.to.target n="marg115"/><lb/>impo&longs;&longs;ibile e&longs;t, cum non &longs;it reditus ad ha<lb/>bitum ex priuatione. </s>

<s id="s.001149">Sed difficilius e&longs;t hu<lb/>mectare, quia humidum principium e&longs;t ex <lb/>elemento, calor ex c&oelig;lo, quod &longs;emper dif<lb/>fundit. </s>

<s id="s.001150">Re&longs;taurantur igitur &longs;olis adiectis ma<lb/>teriis. </s>

<s id="s.001151">At infrigidare, aut &longs;iccare, faciliùs <lb/>conceditur, cùm impedimento con&longs;tent hæ <lb/>mutationes. </s>

<s id="s.001152">Iu&longs;tè ætherem, & aquam prin<lb/>cipium naturalium rerum antiqui po&longs;uêre, <lb/>quòd in altero calor dominari exi&longs;timatur <lb/>in reliquo abundet humidum. </s>

<s id="s.001153">Iu&longs;tius aërem, <lb/>&longs;i ille calidus e&longs;&longs;et & humidus. </s>

<s id="s.001154">Terram ne<lb/>mo: nam ip&longs;a frigida, &longs;iccáque e&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.001155">Sed ca<lb/>lida præter naturam difficilè refrigerantur, <lb/>motus enim con&longs;eruat. </s>

<s id="s.001156">Ergo difficilius <lb/>quæ natura talia &longs;unt, motus enim eo<lb/>rum perpetuus. </s>

<s id="s.001157">Verùm in aëre frigido <lb/>&longs;cintilla ignis illicò, ni &longs;uccurratur, extin<lb/>guitur. </s>

<s id="s.001158">Sed aër non pote&longs;t prohibere gene<lb/>rationem quæ intus fit, illo tantùm circum<lb/>ambiente. </s>

<s id="s.001159"><margin.target id="marg115"/>Siccitas non <lb/>e&longs;t ni&longs;i hu<lb/>midi priua<lb/>tio.</s>

<s id="s.001160">Verùm rur&longs;us dices: &longs;i frigus nihil e&longs;t <lb/>actu, &longs;ed &longs;ola caloris priuatio, quomodo <lb/>frigida refrigerant, vt calida calefaciunt? <lb/></s>

<s id="s.001161">Frigus &longs;emper e&longs;t cùm multa maria, im<lb/>po&longs;&longs;ibile verò tenui&longs;&longs;imum aliquid e&longs;&longs;e fri<lb/>gidum: multa materia impedit, nec ca<lb/>lo penetrare po&longs;&longs;it neque moueri, quare hoc <pb pagenum="383" xlink:href="016/01/032.jpg"/>modo refrigerat. </s>

<s id="s.001162">Ergo quod calefacit, per <lb/>&longs;e calefacit: quòd refrigerat, &longs;olùm ex ac<lb/>cidenti. </s>

<s id="s.001163">Repugnabis for&longs;an, quoniam re<lb/>frigerari &longs;entimus nos, non aliter à frigidis <lb/>tum repentè, vt à calidis calefieri, vt pro<lb/>ducta frigoris quædam &longs;pecies videatur. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.001164">Equidem ( vt dixi ) nihil aliud e&longs;t frigidum, <lb/>quàm caloris priuatio: & quæ mouentur <lb/>nec con&longs;i&longs;tunt, refrigerantur, vt aqua, & <lb/>ventorum validorum aër. </s>

<s id="s.001165">Porrò cùm conta<lb/>ctu refrigeratur, &longs;olùm &longs;uperficies refrigera<lb/>tur, fugiente intus palàm calore: nec po&longs;&longs;ibi<lb/>le e&longs;t ob hoc &longs;ubitò quippiam refrigerari, <lb/>mora autem ducta refrigerantur etiam pe<lb/>niti&longs;&longs;imæ partes. </s>

<s id="s.001166">Atque hæc vera &longs;unt rerum naturalium <lb/>fundamenta, in quibus nihil e&longs;t repugnans. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.001167">Qui verò eas qualitates &longs;ub&longs;tantiis affixas <lb/>imaginantur, & frigiditatem aliquod e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>naturæ principium, in difficillimas perue<lb/>niunt quæ&longs;tiones, rerúmque quæ videntur <lb/>cau&longs;as dicere non po&longs;&longs;unt, omniáque &longs;ilen<lb/>tio ac verbis ob&longs;curis inuoluere, tum etiam <lb/>ambiguis, nituntur. </s>

<s id="s.001168">Igitur calor ip&longs;e propria <lb/>qualitas e&longs;t c&oelig;le&longs;tis, hæc agitans corpora, <lb/>quæ motu adiuta ignem creat. </s>

<s id="s.001169">Si à materia <lb/>obruatur ac impediatur, frigus gignit. </s>

<s id="s.001170">Quæ<lb/>cunque autem motu non eadem manent, <lb/>frigidiora euadunt, vt aqua & aër. </s>

<s id="s.001171">Aëris <lb/>verò temperiem facit radiorum multitu<lb/>do Solis, tum &longs;yderum, quos excipit, <lb/>qui illum calefaciunt. </s>

<s id="s.001172">Terra verò non adeò <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e frigida pote&longs;t vt aqua, quoniam non <lb/>mouetur. </s>

<s id="s.001173">His itaque con&longs;titutis, quibus non pauca <lb/>quæ iamdiu latuerunt, o&longs;tendemus naturæ <lb/>&longs;ecreta, ad ignis rur&longs;us hi&longs;toriam reuertan<lb/>tur. </s>

<s id="s.001174">Verùm de &longs;ub&longs;tantiarum &longs;ubtilitate ali<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg116"/><lb/>qua priùs præponere oportet. </s>

<s id="s.001175">Quædam igi<lb/>tur dicuntur tenues per &longs;e, vt aër: quædam <lb/>quantitate, vt capilli: quædam quia fluunt, <lb/>vt &longs;anguis: quædam quia in partes tenui&longs;&longs;i<lb/>mas diuidi po&longs;&longs;unt, vt aurum: aliæ quia plu<lb/>ra ex his habent, vt &longs;piritus, qui no&longs;tra<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg117"/><lb/>rum &longs;unt operationum in&longs;trumenta. </s>

<s id="s.001176">Fiunt <lb/>autem ab arte pleraque tenuia, velut plum<lb/>bum, quòd adeò attenuatur arte, vt in pul<lb/>uerem redigatur, ex quo horologia fieri &longs;o<lb/>lent. </s>

<s id="s.001177">Liquefactum enim agitatur celerrimè <lb/>in mortario: ideò cum cogi non po&longs;&longs;it, tran<lb/>&longs;it in puluerem. </s>

<s id="s.001178">Et quamvis ars in tenui&longs;&longs;i<lb/>ma redigat ligna, aut lapides, aut metalla, <lb/>non tamen ip&longs;a mi&longs;cet, nec attenuat &longs;ub<lb/>&longs;tantiam, &longs;ed &longs;olùm quantitatem. </s>

<s id="s.001179">Ignis ve<lb/>rò &longs;i attenuat, &longs;eparat: aut &longs;i mi&longs;cet, non <lb/>attenuat. </s>

<s id="s.001180">Separando enim quæ cra&longs;&longs;a &longs;unt, <lb/>attenuantis &longs;peciem præbet. </s>

<s id="s.001181">Sola natura &longs;i<lb/>mul mi&longs;cere atque attenuare &longs;ub&longs;tantiam <lb/>pote&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.001182">Cùm enim ( vt dixi <emph type="italics"/>)<emph.end type="italics"/> nunc vocem <lb/>&longs;ubtilia quæ duci po&longs;&longs;unt, atque ea ductilia, <lb/>vel humida e&longs;&longs;e nece&longs;&longs;e &longs;it, ignis verò &longs;ic<lb/>cet, attenuare non pote&longs;t, ni&longs;i &longs;eparet. </s>

<s id="s.001183">At<lb/>tenuat ergo vel comminuendo &longs;icca, vt <lb/>cùm arenam in puluerem redigit, aut col<lb/>liquando, vt metallica: tenues partes &longs;e<lb/>parando, vt in di&longs;tillationibus. </s>

<s id="s.001184">Verùm dum <lb/>&longs;icca comminuat, colliquet humida, etiam <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg118"/><lb/>attenuat. </s>

<s id="s.001185">Contigit tamen in di&longs;tillationibus <lb/>aliquid attenuari ac alteri mi&longs;ceri, cùm à <lb/>calido humido, non ab igne fiunt. </s>

<s id="s.001186">Calor <lb/>enim mi&longs;cet, & cum humido attenuat. </s>

<s id="s.001187">Fit <lb/>autem hoc va&longs;es in aquam feruentem im<lb/>mi&longs;&longs;is, vocátque Mariæ balneum. </s>

<s id="s.001188">Proximum <lb/>bonitate di&longs;tillationis genus huic in equino <lb/>fimo: inde quod per cineres præ&longs;tanti&longs;&longs;imum <lb/>in oleum detractum e&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.001189">Nam cùm calida <lb/>&longs;it ac humida &longs;ub&longs;tantia, per multos men<lb/>&longs;es calorem &longs;eruare pote&longs;t, atque eò longio<lb/>re temporis &longs;patio quàm vuarum acini, quo <lb/>oliuarum &longs;ub&longs;tantia den&longs;ior e&longs;t, ac pinguior. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.001190">At nullum horum metalla liquare pote&longs;t, <lb/>&longs;ed illa igne indigent. </s>

<s id="s.001191">Sed vt ardenti&longs;&longs;ima <lb/>di&longs;tillatio fit per ignes, ita mi&longs;tioni ac veræ <lb/>attenuationi inepta: cui fermè &longs;imilis e&longs;t, <lb/>quæ fit per cineres. </s>

<s id="s.001192">Nam &longs;i igne di&longs;tillata <lb/>fæcibus &longs;uis mi&longs;cueris, fiet totum pro mo<lb/>lis ratione grauiùs quàm antea, tum etiam <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg119"/><lb/>&longs;iccius. </s>

<s id="s.001193">Non igitur verè attenuat ignis, &longs;ed <lb/>natura ip&longs;a, quæ totam &longs;ub&longs;tantiam conco<lb/>quit ac mi&longs;cet. </s>

<s id="s.001194">Vnde ob &longs;ubtilitatem omnia <lb/>in vnum conueniunt, mi&longs;túmque den&longs;ius, <lb/>fit, & tamen ex &longs;ubtili&longs;&longs;imis compo&longs;itum <lb/>partibus. </s>

<s id="s.001195">Ergo in naturali coctione, vt quæ <lb/>in liquido duri&longs;&longs;ima, etiam vim ignis obti<lb/>neat, & mollis balnei in attenuando, partes <lb/>cra&longs;&longs;iores comminuuntur, quod ab igne im<lb/>petrari non pote&longs;t. <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg120"/></s>

<s id="s.001196"><margin.target id="marg116"/>Subtilitatis <lb/>in &longs;ub&longs;tantia <lb/>genera.</s>

<s id="s.001197"><margin.target id="marg117"/>Subtilitates <lb/>ab arte, na<lb/>tura, & igne <lb/>in quibus <lb/>differant. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.001198">Plumbum <lb/>quomodo in <lb/>puluerem <lb/>tran&longs;eat. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.001199">Ignis quo<lb/>modo atte<lb/>nuet.</s>

<s id="s.001200"><margin.target id="marg118"/>Di&longs;tillatio<lb/>nis v&longs;us & <lb/>genera.</s>

<s id="s.001201"><margin.target id="marg119"/>Ignis <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ve<lb/>rè attenuat.</s>

<s id="s.001202"><margin.target id="marg120"/>Aquæ diflil<lb/>latæ an vires <lb/>habeant.</s>

<s id="s.001203">Sed ex his non leuis emergit dubitatio. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.001204">Nam &longs;i ignis cuncta calefacit, &longs;iccátque, <lb/>omnes aquæ, quæ di&longs;tillatione habentur, <lb/>calidæ ac &longs;iccæ e&longs;&longs;e deberent. </s>

<s id="s.001205">Nec repugnat <lb/>&longs;ub&longs;tantia, quòd aquea &longs;it: talis enim cùm <lb/>fit ardens, & vritur, & corpora humana <lb/>egregiè excalefacit, ac &longs;iccat. </s>

<s id="s.001206">Rur&longs;us aquæ <lb/>omnes frigidæ &longs;unt ac humidæ, vincente <lb/>&longs;ub&longs;tantia. </s>

<s id="s.001207">At neutrum &longs;emper verum e&longs;t, <lb/>imò aliquæ ex his &longs;imiliores &longs;unt his, à <lb/>quibus excipiuntur: vt ro&longs;àcea, odore, &longs;a<lb/>pore, viribus. </s>

<s id="s.001208">Vrceus aquæ plantaginis <lb/>fluentem vndequaque &longs;anguinem &longs;i&longs;tere po<lb/>te&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.001209">Non idem facit lactucæ aqua, et&longs;i &longs;it <lb/>frigidior. </s>

<s id="s.001210">Quidam nuper dum memoriam <lb/>augere niteretur, meli&longs;&longs;am triduo albo vino <lb/>infundit, inde leuiter expre&longs;&longs;o vino, aquam <lb/>di&longs;tillando collegit, cuius potu memoriam <lb/>recuperare vi&longs;us e&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.001211">Sed cùm calidi e&longs;&longs;et ie<lb/>coris, bonam valetudinem penè funditus <lb/>euertit. </s>

<s id="s.001212">Atque hunc modum Chymi&longs;tæ vo<lb/>cant, &longs;tellas c&oelig;lo infigere. </s>

<s id="s.001213">Quæri igitur &longs;olet, an aquæ hæ proprias <lb/>vires retineant? </s>

<s id="s.001214">Diximus olim, dum de malo <lb/>medendi v&longs;u loqueremur, nullas e&longs;&longs;e vires, <lb/>quòd odore, & &longs;apore <expan abbr="de&longs;tituãtur">de&longs;tituantur</expan>. </s>

<s id="s.001215">Ab&longs;ynthij <lb/>enim aqua, nec <expan abbr="ab&longs;ynthi&utilde;">ab&longs;ynthium</expan> redolet nec amara <lb/>e&longs;t: imò quod mirum e&longs;t, &longs;ubdulcis. </s>

<s id="s.001216"><expan abbr="Ard&etilde;s">Ardens</expan> ta<lb/>men, vt ro&longs;aceam præteream, <expan abbr="fid&etilde;">fidem</expan> facit ine&longs;&longs;e <lb/>vim aquis. </s>

<s id="s.001217">Nam &longs;i talem ob ignem e&longs;&longs;e di<lb/>cas, qui e&longs;t quòd nulla aliarum talis &longs;it? <lb/></s>

<s id="s.001218">Nam hæc egregiè calefacit, &longs;iccat, pene<lb/>trat, acutum olet, ardet. </s>

<s id="s.001219">Itaque vires aquis <lb/>iam ine&longs;&longs;e certum e&longs;t, &longs;ed nec omnibus, nec <lb/>æquas. </s>

<s id="s.001220">Quæcunque enim res tenuem &longs;ub<lb/>&longs;tantiam habent frigidæque iunctam, aquam <lb/>emittunt &longs;ibi non ab&longs;imilem, vt ro&longs;a. </s>

<s id="s.001221">Quæ <lb/>verò tenuem & calidam &longs;imilem &longs;ed vren<lb/>tem emittunt, vt vinum, & metallicorum <lb/>quædam. </s>

<s id="s.001222">Quæ cra&longs;&longs;am & calidam, di&longs;&longs;imilem <lb/>& prauam, vt ab&longs;ynthium. </s>

<s id="s.001223">quæ cra&longs;&longs;am ac <lb/>frigidam, di&longs;&longs;imilem, &longs;ed non prauam, vt cu<lb/>curbitæ. </s>

<s id="s.001224">Iuxta hanc rationem vires aqua-<pb pagenum="384" xlink:href="016/01/033.jpg"/>rum, quæ leui excipiuntur igne facilè perdi&longs;<lb/>ces. </s>

<s id="s.001225">Nam quæ vehementi igne indigent, om<lb/>nes &longs;iccant vehementer, plerunque etiam <lb/>excalefaciunt. </s>

<s id="s.001227"><margin.target id="marg121"/>An &longs;it po&longs;&longs;i<lb/>bile facere <lb/>aquam quæ <lb/>in multa &longs;e<lb/>cula vitam <lb/>proroget.</s>

<s id="s.001228">Ergo hîc rur&longs;us dubitatio alia oritur, an <lb/>aquam liceat facere temperatam, quam <lb/>quintam vocant e&longs;&longs;entiam? </s>

<s id="s.001229">Erit autem hæc <lb/>( vt docebo <emph type="italics"/>)<emph.end type="italics"/> æther, id e&longs;t, &longs;ub&longs;tantia te<lb/>nui&longs;&longs;ima mobilis, & quæ motu calorem <lb/>temperatum retinet, & tamen plurimum. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.001230">Hæc igitur vires omnes con&longs;eruare pote&longs;t, <lb/>& vitam producere. </s>

<s id="s.001231">Nam cum tenui&longs;&longs;ima <lb/>&longs;it, mi&longs;cet &longs;e humido primo, penetrans &longs;o<lb/>lida, ac excrementa &longs;eparat, quæ in illo <lb/>continentur. </s>

<s id="s.001232">Qui verò calidi plurimum ha<lb/>bet, eiicit impurum quicquid e&longs;t, natura<lb/>lémque ob id calorem in&longs;taurat. </s>

<s id="s.001233">Nihil enim <lb/>aliud e&longs;t &longs;enectus, quam naturalis caloris <lb/>imminutio: imminuitur verò, quia motus <lb/>prohibetur, vt de igne dixi: &longs;imilis e&longs;t enim <lb/>huius ad illum ratio. </s>

<s id="s.001234">Motus verò prohibe<lb/>tur ob terræ &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ abundantiam: quo<lb/>niam &longs;ola terra plurimam habet materiam, <lb/>& motu omninò caret. </s>

<s id="s.001235">Ergo aqua illa calo<lb/>re cùm &longs;it temperato, nec cor vexabit, nec <lb/>iecori infe&longs;ta erit. </s>

<s id="s.001236">Itaque &longs;ola hæc, i&longs;ta quæ <lb/>diximus præ&longs;tare pote&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.001237">Referunt in Bonic<lb/>ca in&longs;ula, quæ ab Hi&longs;paniola orbis noui M. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.001238">C C. pa&longs;&longs;uum millibus di&longs;tat, fontem in <lb/>vertice montis e&longs;&longs;e qui &longs;enes re&longs;tituat, non <lb/>tamen canos mutet, nec tollat iam contra<lb/>ctas rugas. </s>

<s id="s.001239">Cuius rei præter per&longs;euerantem <lb/>famam, locuples te&longs;tis Petrus Martyr An<lb/>gerius Mediolanen&longs;is, à &longs;ecretis Regis olim <lb/>Hi&longs;paniarum, in &longs;uis decadibus orbis nuper <lb/>inuenti. </s>

<s id="s.001240">Sed Ouiedus con&longs;tanter negat. </s>

<s id="s.001241">Nos <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e po&longs;&longs;e non dubitamus, e&longs;&longs;e haud fatemur. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.001242">Tum minus id credendum, quòd breui, & <lb/>paucis diebus id fieri dicunt. </s>

<s id="s.001243">At homo an<lb/>norum multitudine &longs;ene&longs;cit, non igitur iu<lb/>uene&longs;cere pote&longs;t, ni&longs;i annorum &longs;patio: <lb/>quamobrem id tentare atque experiri diffi<lb/>cillimum. </s>

<s id="s.001244">In a&cuml;re bono, aqua optima e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>debet: aër autem optimus (vt dixi) in mon<lb/>tium iugis: ibi autem incommoda multa <lb/>hominibus, quare paucis v&longs;u euenit vt à <lb/>natura auxilium hoc a&longs;&longs;equantur. </s>

<s id="s.001245">Ergo vt <lb/>ad rem reuertar, ne tam longè petatur, cùm <lb/>ardens aqua diuturno circulationis motu te<lb/>nuitatem retinens, caliditatem, acumén<lb/>que &longs;aporis ác odoris exuerit, æther e&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.001246">At<lb/>tamen primùm fragrat. </s>

<s id="s.001247">E&longs;t enim nil aliud <lb/>odor frangans, quam acutus, cum modera<lb/>tus extiterit. </s>

<s id="s.001248">Indicio e&longs;t, quòd piper non <lb/>fragrat, nec zingiber, quia immodicè &longs;int <lb/>acuta, parua tamen quantitas benè olet. </s>

<s id="s.001249">At <lb/>quæ bene olent contraria ratione, cinamo<lb/>mum, amomum, crocus, garyophyli, li<lb/>lia, mo&longs;chus; moderatè acuta &longs;unt: & &longs;i <lb/>plurimum ex his naribus &longs;uppo&longs;ueris, vt <lb/>piper, cerebrum feriunt, nec bene olere <lb/>videntur. </s>

<s id="s.001250">Allia & cepæ, quòd humorem <lb/>habeant putredinis haud expertem, et&longs;i acu<lb/>ta &longs;int, tamen etiam quia moderata non <lb/>&longs;unt, f&oelig;tent. </s>

<s id="s.001251">Igitur ardentem aquam, &longs;i <lb/>ad temperamentum redierit, tenuitate re<lb/>tenta nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t fragrantem fieri: & &longs;i fra<lb/>grans fiat, nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t vici&longs;&longs;im in æthera <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e conuer&longs;am. </s>

<s id="s.001252">Fit & quæ iuuentutem in<lb/>&longs;tauret aqua cum tyri carne, fit & cum hel<lb/>leboro, qualem apud patrem meum vidi: <lb/>&longs;ed hæ diuexant corpora, & iuuentutis ima<lb/>ginem fucatam redimunt, non præ&longs;tant iu<lb/>uentutem. </s>

<s id="s.001253">Æther verò veram præ&longs;tat, cùm <lb/>eam retineat diu quam habent, & exornet. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.001254">Sed nunquid &longs;emper? </s>

<s id="s.001255">Non, &longs;ed cùm non fue<lb/>rit prohibens: prohibens autem materia <lb/>multa. </s>

<s id="s.001256">Rur&longs;us ne igne, qui calidi&longs;&longs;imus e&longs;t, te</s>

<s id="s.001257"><arrow.to.target n="marg122"/><lb/>nuior æther? </s>

<s id="s.001258">Certè &longs;ic, nam c&oelig;lo conti<lb/>guus, ideóque leui&longs;&longs;imus: impre&longs;&longs;am enim <lb/>ab a&longs;tris caliditatem circulatione modera<lb/>tur tenuitate retenta? </s>

<s id="s.001259">atque eodem modo <lb/>hæc aqua calore ignis ad &longs;ummam redacta <lb/>tenuitatem, motu ip&longs;o refrigeratur, ac tem<lb/>periem acquirit. </s>

<s id="s.001260">Itaque & hæc, & æther, <lb/>medium qua&longs;i &longs;unt inter mortalia, immor<lb/>taliáque. </s>

<s id="s.001261">Locum enim cùm habeat ac tem<lb/>periem, tum &longs;ub&longs;tantiam c&oelig;lo proximam, <lb/>corrumpi nequit. </s>

<s id="s.001262">Dum verò infrà impelli<lb/>tur, refrigeratur, atque &longs;ic po&longs;t multa &longs;ecu<lb/>la corrumpitur. </s>

<s id="s.001263">Itaque medium e&longs;t qua&longs;i <lb/>mortalis, ac immortalis, cuius generis Stoi<lb/>ci animam humanam e&longs;&longs;e credunt. </s>

<s id="s.001264">Sed quòd <lb/>hîc ex ardente aqua æther elaboratur, cùm <lb/>à calore attenuetur, à motu non cogatur, <lb/>non parum tenuius euadit. </s>

<s id="s.001265">Itaque &longs;imili ra<lb/>tione vtrunque afficitur. </s>

<s id="s.001266">Sic verò quæcun<lb/>que calore ignis permutantur, euidentem ca<lb/>liditatem & &longs;iccitatem acquirunt: vt calx <lb/>& cinis. </s>

<s id="s.001267">Sed differunt, quia in calce calor <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg123"/><lb/>non finitur, in cinere iam exhau&longs;tus fermè <lb/>totus e&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.001268">Ob id qui e&longs;charotica componunt <lb/>ex calce & cinere medicamenta, à calce præ<lb/>cipuè caliditatem quærunt, à cinere &longs;iccita<lb/>tem. </s>

<s id="s.001269">Sic qui aquam qua metalla &longs;eparantur, <lb/>educunt. </s>

<s id="s.001270">Fit autem hoc modo: Halinitri <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg124"/><lb/>partem vnam, liquidi aluminis, quod ro<lb/>chæ vocant, partes tres, arenæ mediam, <lb/>&longs;iccata diligenter, & purgata igne di&longs;tillan<lb/>tur vitreis va&longs;is. </s>

<s id="s.001271">Colligitur autem &longs;eor&longs;um <lb/>quod priùs effluit, cùm crocea demum vi<lb/>detur va&longs;is facies: actis ignibus alia &longs;ucce<lb/>dit, quæ priore excipitur plerunque: & ta<lb/>men &longs;i aquam fontis excipias, adhuc adeò <lb/>acris e&longs;t, vt nihilominus argentum di&longs;&longs;ol<lb/>uat, & ip&longs;um ab auro &longs;eparet. </s>

<s id="s.001272">Separatur <lb/>autem &longs;ic: Aqua extractæ partem modicam <lb/>accipe, cui argenti puri&longs;&longs;imi pondus oboli, <lb/>id e&longs;t, XII. granorum impone, ac impo&longs;i<lb/>tam cineribus tamdiu permitte, donec di&longs;<lb/>&longs;oluatur argentum. </s>

<s id="s.001273">Hæc purgamenta calci <lb/>tenui &longs;imilia in imum va&longs;is demittet, qui<lb/>bus &longs;ublatis quod reliquum e&longs;t aquæ purio<lb/>ris, toti aquæ à qua iam detraxeras addes, <lb/>quæ &longs;imili exemplo & ip&longs;a purgamenta illis <lb/>&longs;imilia in imum demittet, quibus &longs;ublatis <lb/>a quam totam puri&longs;&longs;imam, ac magis habe<lb/>bis ad argentum ac cætera metalla, præter <lb/>aurum, di&longs;&longs;oluendum efficacem. </s>

<s id="s.001274">Cùm verò <lb/>facilè euane&longs;cat, va&longs;e vitreo diligenter oc<lb/>clu&longs;a tenetur. </s>

<s id="s.001275">Vires autem æ&longs;timanti quan<lb/>tas habeat, quæ excepta ( vt dixi ) aqua pu<lb/>tei, etiam &longs;ine igne in horis 24. argentum <lb/>in aquam redigat, modico autem cinerum <lb/>calore in duabus aut tribus horis, non e&longs;t <lb/>qui miram vim vaporibus illis extremis, ac <lb/>aquæ in quam vertuntur, imò incredibi<lb/>lem non tribuat. </s>

<s id="s.001276">Eiu&longs;dem generis e&longs;t, quæ <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg125"/><lb/>fit &longs;alibus ammoniaco, nitróque, tum cal-<pb pagenum="385" xlink:href="016/01/034.jpg"/>chanto & alumine liquido, æquis partibus, <lb/>addita illis demum æruginis parte quarta: <lb/>hæc eadem arte facta, nec ip&longs;is parcit la<lb/>pidibus. </s>

<s id="s.001277">Si tamen aliquid O&longs;tracitis lapi<lb/>dis Smiridis vocati, quo gemmas expo<lb/>liunt, addideris, copio&longs;iorem aquam & me<lb/>liorem habebis, quia non vritur. </s>

<s id="s.001278">His igi<lb/>tur experimento acceptis, videamus cur <lb/>aqua hæc adeò potens euadat: namque ma<lb/>nife&longs;tum edocet experimentum, &longs;icciorem <lb/>partem vi ignis attenuatam, vim igneam ac <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg126"/><lb/>erodentem &longs;u&longs;cipere. </s>

<s id="s.001279">Sed cur non ardet aqua <lb/>&longs;eparationis, vt ardens? </s>

<s id="s.001280">quia ardens cali<lb/>dior e&longs;t ac tenuior, & etiam minus &longs;icca: <lb/>ideò ardere pote&longs;t, & egregiè calefacere, <lb/>non tamen erodere. </s>

<s id="s.001281">Illa verò erodere pote&longs;t, <lb/>non ardere, parúmque calefacere. </s>

<s id="s.001282">Simili <lb/>igitur ratione quod ex calchanto oleum vi <lb/>ignis excipitur, quum &longs;icci&longs;&longs;imam partem <lb/>in humorem vertat, acuti&longs;&longs;imum e&longs;t, atque <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg127"/><lb/>linguam vt ignis ferit. </s>

<s id="s.001283">Con&longs;tat igitur & hac <lb/>ratione aquam fieri po&longs;&longs;e, quæ lapidem ve&longs;i<lb/>cæ per catheteram immi&longs;&longs;a, illicò confringet. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.001284">Nam cum duo &longs;int nece&longs;&longs;aria, & quod lapi<lb/>dem atterat, & quòd ve&longs;icæ &longs;it innoxia, pri<lb/>mùm præ&longs;tabit modus ac materia: nam ex<lb/>tremos vapores è &longs;corpionum cinere, vel <lb/>Macedonici petro&longs;ilij, vel tecolitho, aut <lb/>lapidibus cancrorum excipiemus: &longs;ic enim <lb/>aqua fiet quæ etiam porphyritem commi<lb/>nuat. </s>

<s id="s.001285">Porrò innocentiam præ&longs;tat, &longs;i materia <lb/>ex qua aqua excipitur, omnis &longs;al&longs;edinis ex<lb/>pers fuerit. </s>

<s id="s.001286">Non igitur è &longs;alis genere aliquo, <lb/>aut alumine, vel calchanto, aut vini fæce, <lb/>&longs;ed ex aliquo eorum, quæ nuper retulimus <lb/>aquam excipere oportebit. </s>

<s id="s.001287">Opus autem &longs;em<lb/>per e&longs;t diligenti experientia, in confirman<lb/>da &longs;ubtili ratione, vt ea quæ adeò &longs;ubtiliter <lb/>explorauimus, &longs;ecurè per experientiam con<lb/>firmata, in v&longs;um hominum po&longs;&longs;imus dedu<lb/>cere. </s>

<s id="s.001288">Equidem &longs;cio &longs;tercus columbinum ac <lb/>parietariam, vel illud hac arte in aquam <lb/>deductum, lapides ve&longs;icæ duri&longs;&longs;imos fran<lb/>gere po&longs;&longs;e. </s>

<s id="s.001289">Quodnam autem illud &longs;it, quòd <lb/>id facturum &longs;it, & ab&longs;que noxa, experien<lb/>tia declarari oportet. </s>

<s id="s.001290">Nam & hircinus &longs;an<lb/>guis, & leporis pellis, & vitrum, multum <lb/>probantur ratione: &longs;ed tamen nihil horum <lb/>for&longs;itan &longs;eor&longs;um, &longs;ed ex his aliqua &longs;imul <lb/>iuncta, atque certa men&longs;ura. </s>

<s id="s.001291">Metallicum <lb/>certè &longs;it tale oportet, aut ad metalli naturam <lb/>mutatum. </s>

<s id="s.001292">Audiui quondam inuentam à quo<lb/>dam Ianuen&longs;e, &longs;ed denuò ami&longs;&longs;am morte il<lb/>lius, qui eam notam nemini facere vo<lb/>luit. </s>

<s id="s.001293">Hoc certum &longs;anè e&longs;t, inueniri po&longs;&longs;e, at<lb/>que hanc e&longs;&longs;e illius artem. </s>

<s id="s.001294">Dubitatur autem <lb/>an tenuia magis acuta &longs;int, & an magis <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg128"/><lb/>erodant. </s>

<s id="s.001295">Andreas Lacuna Segobien&longs;is me<lb/>dicus, medicamentum recitat Philippi Lu<lb/>&longs;itani, quòd con&longs;tat alumine, ærugine, au<lb/>ripigmento, atque chalcitide, paribus por<lb/>tionibus, quæ perfu&longs;a aceto acerrimo per <lb/>dies octo, atque in &longs;ole trita ac &longs;iccata, vt <lb/>diutiùs teruntur, perfunduntur, &longs;iccantur, <lb/>vtque &longs;ol magis excalefacit, ita celerius car<lb/>nes in collo ve&longs;icæ, & pudendo natas aufert, <lb/>atque minore cum dolore: ad hoc enim me<lb/>dicamentum paratur. </s>

<s id="s.001296">A &longs;ole igitur, & ace<lb/>to acri videntur, quæ cra&longs;&longs;a &longs;unt commi<lb/>nui, ab attritione autem in pollinem redigi. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.001297">Quia verò minùs afficit dolore, id contin<lb/>git, quia partes exu&longs;tæ re&longs;oluuntur. </s>

<s id="s.001298">Videtur <lb/>igitur medicamentum fieri tenuius quanti<lb/>tate, cra&longs;&longs;ius autem, & magis æquale &longs;ub<lb/>&longs;tantia. </s>

<s id="s.001299">Hoc autem minùs mutat corpus ex <lb/>calefaciendo, aut &longs;iccando. </s>

<s id="s.001300">Tenui&longs;&longs;ima igi<lb/>tur tàm quantitate, quàm &longs;ub&longs;tantia cele<lb/>riùs erodunt: &longs;ed &longs;ub&longs;tantia moderata, minùs <lb/>afficiunt dolore. </s>

<s id="s.001301">Cra&longs;&longs;a igitur quantitate, <lb/>& tenuia &longs;ub&longs;tantia, dolorem inferunt, & <lb/>&longs;eriùs erodunt: &longs;ub&longs;tantia cra&longs;&longs;a, & quanti<lb/>tate, &longs;erò & &longs;ine dolore: vt calx, & &longs;apo te<lb/>ner, de quo aliàs dictum e&longs;t: &longs;ubtilia vtro<lb/>que modo, celeriter, & magno cum dolo<lb/>re. </s>

<s id="s.001302">Cra&longs;&longs;a &longs;ub&longs;tantia, & tenuia quantitate, <lb/>erodunt celeriter, & paruo cum dolore, atque <lb/>ea optima &longs;unt. </s>

<s id="s.001303">Sed de his, quæ ad hominum <lb/>curationem pertinent, alio loco tracta<lb/>bitur. </s>

<s id="s.001304"><margin.target id="marg122"/>Ignis an <lb/>æthere te<lb/>nuior.</s>

<s id="s.001305"><margin.target id="marg123"/>De differen<lb/>tia calcis à <lb/>cinere.</s>

<s id="s.001306"><margin.target id="marg124"/>Aqua quæ <lb/>aurum ab ar<lb/>gento &longs;epa<lb/>rat.</s>

<s id="s.001307"><margin.target id="marg125"/>Aqua poten<lb/>ti&longs;&longs;ima.</s>

<s id="s.001308"><margin.target id="marg126"/>Aquarum <lb/>ardentis & <lb/>&longs;eparationis <lb/>comparatio.</s>

<s id="s.001309"><margin.target id="marg127"/>Aqua quæ <lb/>ve&longs;icæ lapi<lb/>dem pote&longs;t <lb/>confringere.</s>

<s id="s.001310"><margin.target id="marg128"/>Tenuia an <lb/>cra&longs;&longs;a magis <lb/>erodant.</s>

<s id="s.001311">Cæterùm vt ad rem redeam dubitatio <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg129"/><lb/>emergit: Si magnus calor efficit has aquas, <lb/>ardentem puta ac &longs;eparationis, quomodo ta<lb/>ctu frigidæ &longs;unt? </s>

<s id="s.001312">aut &longs;i iam refrigeratæ <lb/>&longs;unt, cur metalla colliquant? </s>

<s id="s.001313">vel &longs;i aliquid <lb/>reman&longs;it caloris, cur vel &longs;ine motu penitùs <lb/>non extinguitur? </s>

<s id="s.001314">vel &longs;i motu iuuatur ali<lb/>quo, cur materiam adeò paratam non accen<lb/>dit? </s>

<s id="s.001315">Horum autem nullum experientia do<lb/>cet. </s>

<s id="s.001316">Eadem verò ratio & in naturalibus mi<lb/>&longs;tis e&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.001317">Nam &longs;ulphur facillimè accenditur, <lb/>& tamen per &longs;e friget. </s>

<s id="s.001318">Piper exurit linguam, <lb/>& corpus vehementer, &longs;i edatur, accendit, <lb/>& tamen tactu frigidum e&longs;t, & igni admo<lb/>tum, vix ignem concipit. </s>

<s id="s.001319">Decebat Philo<lb/>&longs;ophos hæc quærere, quæ &longs;en&longs;u con&longs;tant, & <lb/>quotidie tractamus, quæque cùm inuenta <lb/>fuerint, magnam vtilitatem afferunt, & non <lb/>his relictis, quæ præ manibus (vt dici &longs;olet) <lb/>habemus, nouas nouas nominibus excogita<lb/>re quæ&longs;tiones, in quibus non minùs incertum <lb/>habeas, quid &longs;it de quo quæritur, quàm quo<lb/>modo id quod quærimus, &longs;it determinan<lb/>dum: deinde, etiam&longs;i millies rectè, quod ta<lb/>men vix vnquam accidit, quæ&longs;tio di&longs;&longs;olua<lb/>tur, nihil humano generi afferat vtilitatis. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.001320">Cuius &longs;ignum e&longs;t manife&longs;tum, in tot &longs;ecu<lb/>lis hos egregios viros nihil vnquam ad vitæ <lb/>v&longs;um inueni&longs;&longs;e, quòd fal&longs;is principiis inni<lb/>tantur, & nugari ac ob&longs;trepere &longs;olùm his <lb/>&longs;ufficiat. </s>

<s id="s.001321">Igitur ne illos repræhendendo eis <lb/>&longs;imilis euadam, quæ&longs;tionem hanc valdè ne<lb/>ce&longs;&longs;ariam di&longs;&longs;oluere aggrediar. </s>

<s id="s.001322">Primùm igi<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg130"/><lb/>tur illud proponendum e&longs;t, mi&longs;ta ex ele<lb/>mentis credi compo&longs;ita, quòd in mi&longs;tis ele<lb/>mentorum qualitates &longs;int manife&longs;tæ, atque <lb/>ob id etiam tot elementa credita &longs;unt in eis <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e, quot combinationes qualitatum, non <lb/>concludente argumento. </s>

<s id="s.001323">Aliud &longs;ync&etail;rius <lb/>indicium e&longs;t, quòd in quibu&longs;dam terra, vt <lb/>in metallicis ac lapidibus in aliis aqua, ve<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg131"/><lb/>luti in herbis, manife&longs;tè videantur. </s>

<s id="s.001324">Illud <lb/>quoque &longs;upponendum, quod oculis vide<lb/>mus, terram & aquam &longs;olas e&longs;&longs;e mi&longs;torum <lb/>materias, & quod & Philo&longs;ophus qua&longs;i di<lb/>uinando dixit, calorem verò ip&longs;um e&longs;&longs;e, qui <lb/>hæc mi&longs;cendo concoquat. </s>

<s id="s.001325">Si igitur terr&etail; plu<lb/>rimùm & caloris <expan abbr="igne&utilde;">igneum</expan> efficitur, vt in aquis <lb/>iam prædictis. </s>

<s id="s.001326">Si cum plurima terra modicus <lb/>calor extiterit, terreum dicitur. </s>

<s id="s.001327">Primi exem<lb/>plum e&longs;t piper, &longs;ecundi lapides. </s>

<s id="s.001328">Si aqua <pb pagenum="386" xlink:href="016/01/035.jpg"/>exuperet, terræ parùm &longs;it, calor autem ma<lb/>gnus, fit aëreum, quod pingue omne e&longs;t, ac <lb/>facilè flagrat: cuiu&longs;modi &longs;unt omnia olea, <lb/>pinguedines. </s>

<s id="s.001329">&longs;ulphur, bitumen: &longs;i paruus ca<lb/>lor, aquea, vt olera pleraque. </s>

<s id="s.001330">Cur igitur piper <lb/>non accenditur facilè? </s>

<s id="s.001331">quia cum attenuata <lb/>parte multum e&longs;t terrei. </s>

<s id="s.001332">Docuimus autem <lb/>quòd terreum, quod multum contineat ma<lb/>teriæ, & motum prohibeat, ignis generationi <lb/>repugnet. </s>

<s id="s.001333">At dices, leue piper e&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.001334">Re&longs;pon<lb/>deo, hoc e&longs;t quia inane, &longs;ub&longs;tantia verò ip&longs;a <lb/>grauis: & &longs;i contundantur optimè, haud leue <lb/>e&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.001335">Sulphur verò cùm humidum &longs;it, linguam <lb/>non exurit: ardet tamen, quia calidum e&longs;t <lb/>vehementer. </s>

<s id="s.001336"><margin.target id="marg129"/>Quomodo <lb/>ignis affectus <lb/>ab&longs;que igne <lb/>appareant.</s>

<s id="s.001337"><margin.target id="marg130"/>Tria tantum <lb/>verè in mi<lb/>&longs;tis, terra & <lb/>aqua pro ma<lb/>teria, & ca<lb/>lor c&oelig;le&longs;tis <lb/>agens.</s>

<s id="s.001339">animal. </s>

<s id="s.001340">Ca. <lb/>1. in initio.</s>

<s id="s.001341">His igitur vt in principiis acceptis, ad quæ<lb/>&longs;tionis di&longs;&longs;olutionem accedamus. </s>

<s id="s.001342">In mi&longs;tis <lb/>ip&longs;is tria tantùm apparent, terra, & aqua, & <lb/>calor, qui ea mi&longs;cet. </s>

<s id="s.001343">Nam terram, & aquam <lb/>&longs;pontè mi&longs;ceri palàm e&longs;t: aër mi&longs;tionem refu<lb/>git, nec mi&longs;cere vnquam poteris illum his, <lb/>nec &longs;i quid aliud eo tenuius e&longs;&longs;et. </s>

<s id="s.001344">De igne ve<lb/>rò non e&longs;t dubitandum, cùm neque &longs;it <expan abbr="elem&etilde;-tum">elemen<lb/>tum</expan>, nec quicquam generet. </s>

<s id="s.001345">Ergo &longs;i mi&longs;ta <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg132"/><lb/>his con&longs;tarent, violenter mi&longs;cerentur. </s>

<s id="s.001346">Ignem <lb/>autem non generare palàm e&longs;t, quia exteriùs <lb/>euocat: at quod generat, intùs reuocat omnia. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.001347">Siccat etiam ignis, & quæ generantur, hu<lb/>mido indigent, quod qua&longs;i glutinum partes <lb/>vnum cohærere faciat. </s>

<s id="s.001348">Rur&longs;us ignis &longs;eparat <lb/>ac diuidit: generatio autem cra&longs;i non &longs;olùm <lb/>mi&longs;tione indiget. </s>

<s id="s.001349">Qualitates etiam ad &longs;um<lb/>mum ignis deducit: at quæ ad generationem <lb/>conueniunt, quæque mi&longs;centur, qualitates <lb/>mutuò frangunt. </s>

<s id="s.001350">Denique proprium munus <lb/>e&longs;t c&oelig;le&longs;tis caloris, generare, non autem ig<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg133"/><lb/>nei: neque enim ignis vita potentia e&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.001351">Mi&longs;<lb/>cet autem ignis corpora, &longs;ed tamen <expan abbr="&longs;ub&longs;tãtias">&longs;ub&longs;tantias</expan> <lb/>ip&longs;as diuidit, ac &longs;eparat. </s>

<s id="s.001352">Propterea panis igne <lb/>conficitur, caro verò corrumpitur: verùm <lb/>quia v&longs;us non admittit, vt carnes crudas <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg134"/><lb/>edamus, igne eas coquimus. </s>

<s id="s.001353">Quòd &longs;i car<lb/>nes, & oua cruda comedere con&longs;uetum <lb/>e&longs;&longs;et, ad vitæ diuturnitatem non parùm con<lb/>duceret. </s>

<s id="s.001354">Verùm quia hæc edere haud licet, <lb/>quæ cruda po&longs;&longs;unt, lac, mel, oleum, bu<lb/>tyrum, &longs;uccarum, olera plæraque tenuioris <lb/>&longs;ub&longs;tantiæ, &longs;i edantur, vtiliora erunt tàm <lb/>vitæ, quàm valetudini. </s>

<s id="s.001355">Nam et&longs;i (vt dixi) <lb/>ignis corpora mi&longs;ceat, & ex &longs;ulphure, ar<lb/>gentóque viuo conficiat cinnabarim, &longs;ub<lb/>&longs;tantias tamen alimentorum &longs;eparat, & tenue <lb/>à cra&longs;&longs;o &longs;eiungendo deterius reddit. </s>

<s id="s.001356">Itaque ni <lb/>fa&longs;tidium ob&longs;taret, oua, o&longs;trea, oblongáque <lb/>conchylia cruda edere melius e&longs;&longs;et, quàm <lb/>cocta. </s>

<s id="s.001357">Atque in vniuer&longs;um &longs;i vires validæ <lb/>fuerint, & fa&longs;tidium homines non vexet, ig<lb/>nis propè pro cibis nulla e&longs;&longs;et nece&longs;&longs;itas aut <lb/>vtilitas. </s>

<s id="s.001358">Sed maluerunt hoc modo lautè, pa<lb/>rúmque viuere, quàm diu ferarum, aut ru<lb/>&longs;ticorum ritu. </s>

<s id="s.001359">Ob id tamen non parùm his, <lb/>qui in <foreign lang="greek">e)re/mw|</foreign> habitarunt, ad vitæ longitudi<lb/>nem conduxi&longs;&longs;e arbitror crudorum cibo<lb/>rum e&longs;um. </s>

<s id="s.001360">Nam cruda quum coquun<lb/>tur, meliora &longs;unt coctis, quæ non ignis <lb/>vitio carent. </s>

<s id="s.001361">Sed à pueritia a&longs;&longs;ue&longs;cere <lb/>oportet. <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg135"/></s>

<s id="s.001362"><margin.target id="marg132"/>Ignem non <lb/>generare de<lb/>mon&longs;tratio.</s>

<s id="s.001363"><margin.target id="marg133"/>Ignis vires <lb/>in mi&longs;cendo.</s>

<s id="s.001364"><margin.target id="marg134"/>Cruda ad <lb/>vitam, & &longs;a<lb/>lubritatem <lb/>corporis vti<lb/>liora.</s>

<s id="s.001365"><margin.target id="marg135"/>Calor qua<lb/>druplex, quæ<lb/>&longs;tioni&longs;que <lb/>di&longs;&longs;olutio.</s>

<s id="s.001366">Calor igitur quadruplex: alius vt in prin<lb/>cipali agente, id e&longs;t, radiis &longs;iderum: alius <lb/>& ip&longs;e in actu, &longs;ed &longs;icco iunctus: tertius, <lb/>humido: quartus autem ve&longs;tigium e&longs;t calo<lb/>ris, non calor. </s>

<s id="s.001367">Primùm igitur c&oelig;le&longs;tem vo<lb/>care &longs;olemus, e&longs;tque aliorum origo & fons: <lb/>hic vt talis e&longs;t, cale&longs;acit, nondum tamen <lb/>generat, quia materiæ coniunctus non e&longs;t. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.001368">Hunc Ari&longs;totelici, qui audacter in his, in <lb/>quibus coargui non po&longs;&longs;unt, litigant, non <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e calorem dicerent. </s>

<s id="s.001369">Nullum enim e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>calidum &longs;itus, quòd c&oelig;lum omnis &longs;it ex<lb/>pers qualitatis. </s>

<s id="s.001370">Secundus igneus e&longs;t, & vo<lb/>catur, qui nihil generat, qui iunctus &longs;ic<lb/>citati in&longs;trumentum e&longs;t potiùs corruptio<lb/>nis, & &longs;eparationis, quàm mi&longs;tionis, aut <lb/>cra&longs;is, &longs;ine quibus non fit generatio. </s>

<s id="s.001371">Nec <lb/>&longs;olùm ignis, &longs;ed omnis calor ex illius gene<lb/>re corrumpit, & generationi repugnat. </s>

<s id="s.001372">Ob <lb/>id nec cineribus oua excepta pullos edunt. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.001373">Tertiò nomen e&longs;t naturalis calor, qui & <lb/>ip&longs;e motu indiget: nam omnis calor dum <lb/>viget, motu indiget, & depa&longs;citur &longs;ubie<lb/>ctam materiam. </s>

<s id="s.001374">Hic verò duplex, alius qui<lb/>dem manife&longs;tum habens motum, re&longs;olu<lb/>tionémque, qualis in animalibus perfe<lb/>ctis maximè, atque magis in &longs;anguineis: <lb/>aut ob&longs;curum motum, qualis in plantis, <lb/>multóque magis in &longs;eminibus earum, atque <lb/>metallicis: in his enim motum calor habet <lb/>ob&longs;curum, & tamen humidum di&longs;&longs;oluit. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.001375">Indicio e&longs;t, quòd &longs;eruata &longs;emina are&longs;cunt, <lb/>etiam&longs;i inungantur, anni &longs;patio vel bien<lb/>nij, &longs;ene&longs;cúntque non &longs;ecùs ac homines ru<lb/>gis contractis, leuioráque inf&oelig;cunda etiam <lb/>facta. </s>

<s id="s.001376">Calor is autem facultas dicitur, velut <lb/>in pipere, cùm à tota planta deriuatur in &longs;e<lb/>men, & à toto monte in metallum, vel à ma<lb/>gna parte, nimis concoquens, quòd conco<lb/>qui debet, terream maximè partem: túncque <lb/>igneum redditur, &longs;i multus calor extiterit: <lb/>&longs;i paucus, lapis: &longs;i in aqueam &longs;ub&longs;tantiam <lb/>multus agat, fit pingue: &longs;in paucus, <lb/>aqueum. </s>

<s id="s.001377">Quæres for&longs;itan, an calor actu maneat? <lb/></s>

<s id="s.001378">Manet quidem, &longs;ed ille quum &longs;it naturalis <lb/>in humida &longs;ub&longs;tantia, vtpote piperis, funda<lb/>tus e&longs;t, quamobrem exurere non pote&longs;t, eó<lb/>que magis quòd auul&longs;o &longs;emine ab arbore <lb/>perexiguus relinquitur. </s>

<s id="s.001379">Neque igitur ob <lb/>naturalem calorem piper calidum e&longs;&longs;e po<lb/>te&longs;t, cùm ille &longs;it valdè tenuis: nec propter <lb/>&longs;ub&longs;tantiam exu&longs;tam, quum illa caloris ve<lb/>&longs;tigium, non calorem retineat. </s>

<s id="s.001380">Sic & ar<lb/>dens aqua ve&longs;tigium caloris retinet, non ca<lb/>lorem, & cinis refrigeratus. </s>

<s id="s.001381">Calx verò ali<lb/>quandiu calorem retinet, illúmque in &longs;ic<lb/>co: ideo tangenti calida, & maximè intùs: <lb/>exteriùs enim ab aëre perfrigeratur. </s>

<s id="s.001382">Ita<lb/>que pauca aqua &longs;i con&longs;pergatur, accendi &longs;o<lb/>let. </s>

<s id="s.001383">Sed dices, calor igneus in humido e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>videtur, vt cum ardet candela. </s>

<s id="s.001384">Sed non e&longs;t, <lb/>alitur enim ex humido, &longs;ed in humido <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> e&longs;t. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.001385">Vt neque homo licet pomis ve&longs;catur, pomea <lb/>non e&longs;t &longs;ub&longs;tantia, &longs;ed carnea: ita ignis te<lb/>nuibus tàm humidis, quàm &longs;iccis alitur, <lb/>&longs;ed in &longs;olo &longs;icco, eóque tenui&longs;&longs;imo funda<lb/>tur. </s>

<s id="s.001386">Atque ea de cau&longs;a inuentum e&longs;t, quónam <lb/>pacto non &longs;ecùs quàm in &longs;artagine pi&longs;ces co</s>

<s id="s.001387"><arrow.to.target n="marg136"/><lb/>quantur in charta: Chartam &longs;eligito, <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> vo<lb/>camus papyrum, &longs;implicem, erecti&longs;que &longs;pon<lb/>dis in modum lucernæ ex omni latere oleum <lb/>infunde, & antequam exudet &longs;uper puras <pb pagenum="387" xlink:href="016/01/036.jpg"/>prunas ab&longs;que flamma impone: nec pene<lb/>trat oleum refugiens ignem, nec ardet char<lb/>ta, quia non pote&longs;t &longs;iccari, oleo repugnan<lb/>te: ignis verò non &longs;ine extrema &longs;iccitate, <lb/>nec flamma, nec motus attenuare po&longs;&longs;unt, <lb/>vt ignis accendatur, incale&longs;cit tamen &longs;en<lb/>&longs;im mutatis prunis atque ita feruet, quod <lb/>mirum videtur, adeò vt impo&longs;iti pi&longs;ces co<lb/>quantur. </s>

<s id="s.001388">Sed cur filum ouo circundatum, non <lb/>&longs;olùm in prunis, &longs;ed nec in flamma ardet? <lb/></s>

<s id="s.001389">quia non fit ignis, ni&longs;i calor ad &longs;ummum <lb/>deducatur, at &longs;emper prohibetur ab ouo ne <lb/>ad &longs;ummum deducatur, quia ouum comburi <lb/>non pote&longs;t: at quod non comburitur, aliquo <lb/>modo &longs;emper refrigerat, quod e&longs;t maximè <lb/>calidum. </s>

<s id="s.001390">Eadem ratione linteum chry&longs;tallo <lb/>polito &longs;uperpo&longs;itum non ardet &longs;ub pruna, <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg137"/><lb/>etiam&longs;i folle &longs;ufflaueris. </s>

<s id="s.001391">Sed &longs;i calor in <lb/>humido generat, cur non in aqua feruente <lb/>generatio? </s>

<s id="s.001392">quia calor ille aut non e&longs;t in &longs;ub<lb/>&longs;tantia aquæ, vel e&longs;t etiam in alio quod &longs;ic<lb/>cum e&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.001393">Indicio e&longs;t, quòd aqua feruens vt <lb/>ignis vrit. </s>

<s id="s.001394">Quòd verò in illius &longs;ub&longs;tantia <lb/>non &longs;it, indicat, quòd igne amoto aqua <lb/>&longs;pontè refrigeratur. </s>

<s id="s.001395">Sed calor &longs;i in humido <lb/>&longs;it, generat: vt cùm caro &longs;oli exponitur, <lb/>vermiculi generantur, & in fimo vermes, & <lb/>in Ægypto oua fimo contecta pullos edunt. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.001396">Fertur & olim Liuiam Augu&longs;tam cùm ouum <lb/>foui&longs;&longs;et in &longs;inu, alternantibus per vices an<lb/>cillis, eduxi&longs;&longs;e cri&longs;tatum gallum. </s>

<s id="s.001397">Calor ve<lb/>rò putridus è genere e&longs;t ignei, quia &longs;iccus: <lb/>&longs;ed &longs;imilis e&longs;t naturali, quia cum generatio<lb/>ne e&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.001398">Differt ab igneo, quia motum non ha<lb/>bet manife&longs;tum: igneus autem habet, ideò <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg138"/><lb/>ex altero in alterum tran&longs;itus. </s>

<s id="s.001399">Nam igneus <lb/>moderatus putrefacit, putridus auctus vrit, <lb/>ardet, & accendit. </s>

<s id="s.001400">Ob hoc putridæ febres <expan abbr="c&utilde;">cum</expan> <lb/>tanto &longs;unt æ&longs;tu. </s>

<s id="s.001401">Cur igitur igneus calor in <lb/>naturalem non po&longs;&longs;it tran&longs;mutari, cau&longs;æ &longs;unt <lb/>manife&longs;tæ. </s>

<s id="s.001402">Nam igneus &longs;iccus e&longs;t, & humi<lb/>dior fieri nequit, qualis e&longs;t naturalis. </s>

<s id="s.001403">Igneus <lb/>etiam euocat, & &longs;eparat, naturalis intrò tra<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg139"/><lb/>hit, & mi&longs;cet. </s>

<s id="s.001404">Omnis enim calor humidus <lb/>mi&longs;cet. </s>

<s id="s.001405">At naturalis in putridum, & igneum <lb/>tran&longs;ire pote&longs;t, quia humidum à calore &longs;ic<lb/>catur. </s>

<s id="s.001406">Ob hoc igitur ignis humida denigrare <lb/>&longs;olet, quia humidum exterius euocat, aërém<lb/>que expellit, &longs;icca dealbat: quia quod erat hu<lb/>midi, ab&longs;umit. </s>

<s id="s.001407"><margin.target id="marg136"/>Quomodo in <lb/>charta pi&longs;ces <lb/>velut in &longs;ar<lb/>tagine friga<lb/>mus.</s>

<s id="s.001408"><margin.target id="marg137"/>Ouo filum <lb/>circumdu<lb/>ctum in igne <lb/>non ardet.</s>

<s id="s.001409"><margin.target id="marg138"/>Colorum in<lb/>uicem tran&longs;<lb/>mutationes.</s>

<s id="s.001410"><margin.target id="marg139"/>Ignis cur <lb/>aliqua deal<lb/>bet, aliqua <lb/>denigret.</s>

<s id="s.001411">Rur&longs;us dubitabis, &longs;i ignis agit in aquam, <lb/>aërem generat, cur non igitur humidum pin<lb/>gue? </s>

<s id="s.001412">Re&longs;pondeo, pingue fit ob mi&longs;tionem, <lb/>ignis autem &longs;eparat. </s>

<s id="s.001413">Separat autem propriæ <lb/>vtilitatis cau&longs;a, quia aqueum propellit, <lb/>quod vri nequit, velut in lignis viridibus, <lb/>quæ cùm accenduntur, aquam exudant. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.001414">Depa&longs;citur autem pingue humidum, in <lb/>quod olim dum viueret, calor naturalis fun<lb/>datus erat. </s>

<s id="s.001415">Ergo quod ardet, tenui&longs;&longs;imum <lb/>& &longs;icci&longs;&longs;imum e&longs;&longs;e nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t, vt palea, <lb/>aqua ardens, pyrius puluis. </s>

<s id="s.001416">Sed in hoc ali<lb/>quid e&longs;t terreum propter halinitrum, ideó<lb/>que &longs;trepitum edit. </s>

<s id="s.001417">Conati &longs;unt ob id qui<lb/>dam detracto halinitro puluerem compone<lb/>re, qui &longs;ine &longs;trepitu &longs;phærulam emitteret. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.001418">Quòd &longs;i lentè, & &longs;ine magna vi fieri pote&longs;t. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.001419">Atque hunc Bra&longs;auolus refert Ferrariæ Du<lb/>cem inueni&longs;&longs;e, &longs;ed qui &longs;ine impetu, ac ad <lb/>XII. fermè tantum pa&longs;&longs;us extenderet ictum: <lb/>cum magna autem vi <emph type="italics"/>(<emph.end type="italics"/> vt dixi ) penitùs e&longs;t <lb/>impo&longs;&longs;ibile. </s>

<s id="s.001420">Detracto enim halinitro, ad<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg140"/><lb/>huc adeò elaborari poterit puluis pyrius, vt <lb/>&longs;phærulam emittat, & &longs;ine &longs;trepitu. </s>

<s id="s.001421">Sed in <lb/>vniuer&longs;um, quantùm è ftrepitu, tantùm <lb/>ex impetu detraxeris. </s>

<s id="s.001422">Ergo &longs;ubiecta mate<lb/>ria ignem variare &longs;olet, atque illius vires: <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg141"/><lb/>adeò vt ignis è carbonibus vel lignis &longs;oli<lb/>dioribus, vt quercu, vel lapidibus, aut in <lb/>metallis fixus, vi&longs;um non leuiter offendat, <lb/>cùm ex &longs;aligneis ac &longs;tipulis innoxiùs penè <lb/>&longs;it. </s>

<s id="s.001423">Vt enim &longs;olidior e&longs;t materia, ita ignis <lb/>den&longs;ior e&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.001424">Omnis enim calor talis e&longs;t, <lb/>quale alimentum. </s>

<s id="s.001425">Vnde &longs;olidiora alimen<lb/>ta robu&longs;tiorem calorem efficiunt. </s>

<s id="s.001426">In<lb/>de &longs;plendor maior ac viuacior, qui &longs;piritus <lb/>in oculo hebetat, & tenui&longs;&longs;imum illud hu<lb/>midum, in quo videndi vis &longs;ita e&longs;t, &longs;iccat, <lb/>& con&longs;umit. </s>

<s id="s.001427">Eadem ratione, quod tamen <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg142"/><lb/>magis mirum e&longs;t, metalla igne liquata è li<lb/>gnis mollibus tenaciora redduntur, & mol<lb/>liora: è validioribus autem dura, & fragi<lb/>lia, tantùm pote&longs;t materiæ varietas. </s>

<s id="s.001428">Su&longs;cipit <lb/>& varietatem à natura propria & modo ap<lb/>plicandi. </s>

<s id="s.001429">Imbecillis e&longs;t cùm &longs;upponitur, vt <lb/>cùm carnes coquimus, applicatur &longs;ub, vt ve<lb/>hementiùs agat: nam (vt diximus) ignis na<lb/>turâ &longs;ursùm tendit. </s>

<s id="s.001430">Proximus huic e&longs;t: quem <lb/>vocant reflexum: fit cùm &longs;uprà & infrà ap<lb/>plicatur, vel à latere, oppo&longs;ito latere vim ig<lb/>nis reddente: hoc mollia metalla eruuntur <lb/>ex lapidibus, quibus iuncta &longs;unt, & argen<lb/>tum ab ære &longs;eparatur. </s>

<s id="s.001431">Tertium genus e&longs;t ig<lb/>nis ambientis, cùm vndique res, quam vre<lb/>re tentamus, aut colliquare, ab igne &longs;ine <lb/>follibus circumambitur. </s>

<s id="s.001432">Extremus modus <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg143"/><lb/>e&longs;t, quo nullus violentior, cùm difficilli<lb/>mas materias duri&longs;&longs;imis lapidibus mi&longs;tas col<lb/>liquare volumus. </s>

<s id="s.001433">Fit autem hoc modo: Va<lb/>&longs;a longitudinis cubitorum quatuor, aut &longs;al<lb/>tem trium, latitudinis dodrantis, cra&longs;&longs;itu<lb/>dinis digitorum trium, in imo flexa, ac ad <lb/>cubiti figuram fermè formata, &longs;ine fundo, <lb/>ex &longs;ilice nigro maculis albis in&longs;per&longs;o fiunt: <lb/>in medio longitudinis foramen, atque in eo <lb/>canalis ad vnguem collocatus, per quem <lb/>&longs;piritus follium intùs feratur: in imo fora<lb/>men, per quod liquata materia de&longs;cendat. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.001434">Ima pars va&longs;is ob&longs;truitur, eo ( vt dixi) reli<lb/>cto o&longs;culo, argilla & carbonibus tritis &longs;imul <lb/>tu&longs;is, & in formam cæmenti ac tenaciorem <lb/>redactis. </s>

<s id="s.001435">Hæc &longs;ic di&longs;po&longs;ita, à &longs;imilitudine <lb/>Manicæ metallicæ dicuntur. </s>

<s id="s.001436">Implentur in<lb/>tùs materia, quam liquare propo&longs;itum e&longs;t, <lb/>atque carbonibus alternatim conclu&longs;us hic <lb/>ignis &longs;ummam habet vim, cunctáque ne<lb/>ce&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t, &longs;i non colliquantur, vri. </s>

<s id="s.001437">Non vul<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg144"/><lb/>garis vtilitas e&longs;t &longs;piritus, qui per <expan abbr="canal&etilde;">canalem</expan> ex <lb/>follibus intùs immittitur: hic primò, quòd <lb/>palàm e&longs;t, ignem accendit, & flammam &longs;u&longs;<lb/>citat, ip&longs;úmque ignem cogit vehementiùs <lb/>penetrare. </s>

<s id="s.001438">Secundò, cùm frigidus &longs;it, conce<lb/>ptum a metallo calorem cogit, ac intrò pel<lb/>lit, atque &longs;ic materiam in qua e&longs;t, di&longs;&longs;oluit. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.001439">Tertiò &longs;i quid liquatum e&longs;t, ne vratur, pro<lb/>hibet, calorémque mitigat. </s>

<s id="s.001440"><margin.target id="marg140"/>Puluis pyrius <lb/>ab&longs;que &longs;tre<lb/>pitu &longs;phæru<lb/>lam eiiciens <lb/>è machinis.</s>

<s id="s.001441"><margin.target id="marg141"/>Ignis offen<lb/>dens vi&longs;um.</s>

<s id="s.001442"><margin.target id="marg142"/>Ignis qui <lb/>mollia red<lb/>dit metalla, <lb/>vel dura. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.001443">Varia <expan abbr="igni&utilde;">ignium</expan> <lb/>vis ex appli<lb/>catione.</s>

<s id="s.001444"><margin.target id="marg143"/>Manicæ me<lb/>tallicæ.</s>

<s id="s.001445"><margin.target id="marg144"/>Vtilitas fol<lb/>lium in li<lb/>quandis me<lb/>tallis.</s>

<s id="s.001446">Supere&longs;t his vi&longs;is, vt dubitationes ali<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg145"/><lb/>quas di&longs;&longs;oluamus, quarum prima e&longs;t, &longs;i ca<lb/>lidum in humido concoquit, atque aërem <lb/>etiam, &longs;eu calidam & humidam materiam <pb pagenum="388" xlink:href="016/01/037.jpg"/>generat, quid prohibet, ne in mi&longs;tis aërem <lb/>etiam e&longs;&longs;e ponamus? </s>

<s id="s.001447">Nam vt frigida & &longs;ic<lb/>ca materia ibi e&longs;t, non pura terra, & frigi<lb/>da, & humida, non autem aqua: &longs;ic cali<lb/>da & humida materia illa aër dici poterit, <lb/>& calida ac &longs;icca ignis: atque &longs;ic res hæc ad <lb/>opinionem Ari&longs;totelicorum denuò redibit. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.001448">Sed differentia non parua e&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.001449">Primò, quia <lb/>aër ibi nullus e&longs;t: fit enim aër à calido igneo <lb/>non naturali: quòd & &longs;i fiat, extruditur. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.001450">Palam e&longs;t hoc, quòd homines, qui vali<lb/>dum habent calorem naturalem, expertes <lb/>flatus &longs;unt: &longs;unt qui verò bile abundant & <lb/>calidi &longs;unt naturâ, modicum tamen ha<lb/>bent naturalis caloris, flatu abundant. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.001451">Deinde quòd aliud &longs;it dicere, ab initio ge<lb/>nerationis quatuor elementa mi&longs;ceri, aliud <lb/>quòd in mi&longs;tis po&longs;tquam mi&longs;ta &longs;unt, inue<lb/>niantur partes his elementis con&longs;imiles. </s>

<s id="s.001452">Ac<lb/>cedit, quòd pars illa, quæ igni &longs;imilis vide<lb/>tur, huic no&longs;tro &longs;imilis e&longs;t, quod elemen<lb/>tum nullum e&longs;&longs;e con&longs;tat. </s>

<s id="s.001453">Denique quod ma<lb/>ius e&longs;t, terreæ & aqueæ partes cùm &longs;eparan<lb/>tur, non &longs;ola qualitate, &longs;ed etiam &longs;ub&longs;tan<lb/>tiis terram & aquam referunt: igneæ autem <lb/>& aëreæ non &longs;ub&longs;tantiis, &longs;ed &longs;ola qualitate. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.001454">Itaque, vt dictum antè fuit, terra, aqua, & <lb/>calorin humido cuncta generant, è quibus <lb/>tamen &longs;ecundum &longs;imilitudinem qualitatum <lb/>quatuor &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ fieri videntur. </s>

<s id="s.001455">Nam <expan abbr="quã-vis">quam<lb/>vis</expan> ( vt dixi ) aër naturâ &longs;it frigidi&longs;&longs;imus, in <lb/>mi&longs;tis tamen quatuor &longs;unt partes, &longs;ub&longs;tantia <lb/>& viribus differentes. </s>

<s id="s.001456">Terra enim, quæ ca<lb/>lore euicta non e&longs;t, frigida & &longs;icca manens, <lb/>naturam, cùm ac &longs;ub&longs;tantiam, & nomen <lb/>priùs ei inditum retinet, tamet&longs;i minimè ter<lb/>ra &longs;it. </s>

<s id="s.001457">Pars autem eius: quæ à calore &longs;upe<lb/>ratur, &longs;icca manens, euadit calidior, voca<lb/>túrque ignis vel quia igni no&longs;tro &longs;imilis &longs;e, <lb/>licet inferior viribus: vel quia de igne talem <lb/>veteres opinionem habuerint. </s>

<s id="s.001458">Simili ratione <lb/>aqua, quam calor euincere nequiuit, aqua <lb/>vocatur, nec tamen aqua e&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.001459">Pars autem, <lb/>quam calor &longs;uperauit, dicitur aër, quia ca<lb/>lida e&longs;t, & humida &longs;ub&longs;tantia: talem enim <lb/>aërem e&longs;&longs;e veteres exi&longs;timauerunt, quum <lb/>tamen ( vt dixi ) aër velut cætera omnia ele<lb/>menta &longs;it frigidi&longs;&longs;imus. </s>

<s id="s.001460">Atque hæc de mi&longs;to<lb/>rum partibus quæ&longs;tio clara e&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.001461">Alia huic <lb/>difficilior &longs;uccedit quæ&longs;tio. </s>

<s id="s.001462">Nam &longs;i calor <lb/>putridus e&longs;t in &longs;icco, quomodo generat? </s>

<s id="s.001463">Po<lb/>&longs;uimus enim ip&longs;um igneæ naturæ, & tamen <lb/>animalia generare palàm e&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.001464">Si autem in <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg146"/><lb/>humido, quomodo corrumpit? </s>

<s id="s.001465">Verùm ob id <lb/>generat, quia à naturali &longs;ub&longs;tantia non dif<lb/>fert. </s>

<s id="s.001466">Etenim quum in humido &longs;itus &longs;it, natu<lb/>ralis dicitur his, quibus conuenit: his au<lb/>tem quibus e&longs;t di&longs;&longs;imilis ac noxius, non na<lb/>turalis ac putridus appellatur. </s>

<s id="s.001467">Cùm enim ca<lb/>ro corrumpitur, calor qui intus e&longs;t carni <lb/>quidem putridus, vermi autem generando <lb/>naturalis e&longs;&longs;e videtur. </s>

<s id="s.001468">Ob hoc igitur ca<lb/>lor omnis putridus aliquid generat, & ali<lb/>quid etiam corrumpit. </s>

<s id="s.001469">Quia enim elemen<lb/>ta omnia ( vt dixi ) frigidi&longs;&longs;ima &longs;unt, &longs;uper<lb/>ueniente calore nece&longs;&longs;ariò agitantur atque <lb/>mi&longs;centur, & aliquid generant, pro caloris <lb/>ac materiæ natura: humidum primò, inde fun<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg147"/><lb/>gos, pò&longs;t herbarum genera quædam, tum <lb/>vermes atque &longs;erpentes. </s>

<s id="s.001470">Vnde animæ &longs;ub<lb/>&longs;tantia ip&longs;a manife&longs;ta e&longs;t, quia calore quo<lb/>dam c&oelig;le&longs;ti con&longs;tat. </s>

<s id="s.001471">Neque ergo putredo <lb/>vlla fit, quæ non &longs;it generatio. </s>

<s id="s.001472">Et calor idem <lb/>&longs;emper hoc generat, illud corrumpit. </s>

<s id="s.001473">Et <lb/>quum ex pomo homo nutritur, humanus <lb/>ille calor pomo quidem putridus e&longs;t, homi<lb/>ni autem naturalis. </s>

<s id="s.001474">Dicitur tamen magis <lb/>naturalis is, qui e&longs;t in &longs;emine, quia tran&longs;<lb/>mutatio fit ad nobilius. </s>

<s id="s.001475">Putridus autem vo<lb/>catur, quum generantur animalia, quæ vi<lb/>liora &longs;unt his, ex quibus generantur. </s>

<s id="s.001476">Vt <lb/>igitur in &longs;emine actio omnis, ni&longs;i impedia<lb/>tur, ad generationem e&longs;t, ita etiam in pu<lb/>trefactione: nam & illa opus naturæ fru&longs;tra<lb/>ri contingit. </s>

<s id="s.001477">Omnis ergo calor &longs;imilis na<lb/>turalis dicitur, & con&longs;eruat: di&longs;&longs;imilis au<lb/>tem putridus appellatur, & corrumpit. </s>

<s id="s.001478">In <lb/>hypydem iis enim ouis calor gallinæ cor<lb/>rumpit, & aliud generat, non pullum: quia <lb/>calor ille non e&longs;t ei naturalis. </s>

<s id="s.001479">In ouis au<lb/>tem, quæ &longs;emine galli f&oelig;cunda facta &longs;unt, <lb/>naturalis fit, & pullos generat. </s>

<s id="s.001480">Vnus igi<lb/>tur, idémque calor & naturalis e&longs;t, & pu<lb/>trefaciens. </s>

<s id="s.001481">Ergo &longs;i calor omnis, qui corrum<lb/>pit quod iam e&longs;t, putridus dicitur, etiam <lb/>qui in &longs;emine e&longs;t, putridus meritò dici pote&longs;t: <lb/>corrumpit enim &longs;emen plantæ vt plantam, <lb/>& a&longs;ini vt a&longs;inum, & hominis vt hominem <lb/>generet. </s>

<s id="s.001482">Quamobrem omnis calor generans, <lb/>putridus erit. </s>

<s id="s.001483">Sed naturalis dicitur, cùm &longs;i<lb/>mile generat his, à quibus deciditur, & no<lb/>bilius ip&longs;a materia. </s>

<s id="s.001484">Sed omnis putridus ge<lb/>nerat aliquid, & ideò naturalis e&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.001485">Calor <lb/>igitur naturalis, & putridus &longs;olùm compa<lb/>ratione differunt, re autem idem &longs;unt. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.001486">Namque omnis calor c&oelig;le&longs;tis generat, & <lb/>corrumpit, e&longs;tque anima, vel animæ in&longs;tru<lb/>mentum, aut cau&longs;a: in&longs;trumentum autem non <lb/>e&longs;t, quia anima prior e&longs;t: neque cau&longs;a, manet <lb/>enim: &longs;ed anima. </s>

<s id="s.001487">Propter quod non malè di<lb/>xit Anaxagoras, omnia e&longs;&longs;e mi&longs;ta, atque ani<lb/>mâ prædita. </s>

<s id="s.001488">Nam quæcunque mi&longs;ta &longs;unt, ge<lb/>nerantur, & corrumpuntur: quod autem ge<lb/>nerat, & corrumpit, calor e&longs;t naturalis: calor <lb/>autem naturalis, aut anima, aut non &longs;ine ani<lb/>ma. </s>

<s id="s.001489">Mi&longs;ta igitur omnia calida, & calidum <lb/>omne viuit, aut ad vitam properat. </s>

<s id="s.001490">Calor <lb/>enim ille c&oelig;le&longs;tis nunquam ce&longs;&longs;at, donec <lb/>aliquid generauerit, & quod generat, iuxta <lb/>&longs;ui potentiam, & magnitudinem generat. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.001491">Vnde in Ægypto cùm magnus &longs;it, anima<lb/>lia etiam perfecta generat, vt lepores, & ca<lb/></s>

<s id="s.001492">preolos, ab&longs;que &longs;emine vllo Seminum au<lb/>tem calores à coloribus putredinum diffe<lb/>runt, quia materiam magis paratam habent. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.001493">Ideò in &longs;eminis propagatione minùs fit f&oelig;<lb/>toris, quia minùs inutilis partis continetur. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.001494">Attamen dùm ex &longs;emine animalia generan<lb/>tur, putredo magna fit, quam men&longs;es indi<lb/>cant, qui à partu fluunt f&oelig;tidi atque corru<lb/>pti. </s>

<s id="s.001495">Verùm calor, qui non generat, humido <lb/>caret proprio, &longs;ed vel nimis mouetur, vel fa<lb/>ti&longs;cit, quia pingue humidum non e&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.001496">Princi<lb/>pia enim generationis calor c&oelig;le&longs;tis, & ele<lb/>mentorum humidum: ob hoc neque in gla<lb/>cie, quoniam nullus calor, neque in arena <lb/>quicquam generatur, quia humido omni ca<lb/>ret. </s>

<s id="s.001497">Altera enim harum qualitatum agens, <lb/>altera patiens e&longs;t: nam nulla alia qualitas (vt <lb/>dixi) inuenitur, &longs;ed humidi priuatio &longs;iccitas, <pb pagenum="389" xlink:href="016/01/038.jpg"/>velut caloris frigus. </s>

<s id="s.001498">Sed dices: Si anima &longs;o<lb/>lum e&longs;t calor c&oelig;le&longs;tis, non erit &longs;ub&longs;tantia, <lb/>&longs;ed accidens. </s>

<s id="s.001499">Et &longs;i &longs;olum lumen, corruptibilis <lb/>e&longs;t enim lumen, quia lux, & &longs;ublata luce, <lb/>lumen & corrumpitur: quare nec genera<lb/>bit. </s>

<s id="s.001500">nec genita &longs;eruabit. </s>

<s id="s.001501">Et &longs;i calor ille cor<lb/>pus e&longs;t, erit in corpore corpus, quod e&longs;&longs;e non <lb/>po&longs;&longs;e &longs;uperiùs demon&longs;tratum e&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.001502">Et &longs;i ab&longs;<lb/>que corpore atque &longs;ub&longs;tantia, erit in corpore <lb/>incorporea &longs;ub&longs;tantia. </s>

<s id="s.001503">Talibus difficultati<lb/>bus premi videntur, qui calorem hunc ani<lb/>mam e&longs;&longs;e contendunt. </s>

<s id="s.001504">Sed calor hic, de quo <lb/>agitur, corpus non e&longs;t, neque impre&longs;&longs;io quæ<lb/>dam: ob id neque accidens, nec corpus pe<lb/>netrabile à corpore: &longs;ed corporeus dicitur, <lb/>quia &longs;ine corpore e&longs;&longs;e non pote&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.001505">Manife<lb/>&longs;tum e&longs;t igitur, quod à principio propo&longs;ue<lb/>ramus, quinque vbique e&longs;&longs;e principia, ma<lb/>teriam, formam, motum, locum, & ani<lb/>mam. </s>

<s id="s.001506">Sed anima forma e&longs;t quædam, non au<lb/>tem quæ primò cum hyle iungitur. </s>

<s id="s.001507">Forma <lb/>igitur e&longs;t anima, &longs;ed non eiu&longs;dem generis: <lb/>quatuor enim e&longs;&longs;ent principia. </s>

<s id="s.001508">Forma etiam <lb/>altera fit, reliqua perficitur. </s>

<s id="s.001509">Omnis igitur <lb/>anima eodem modo perennis e&longs;t, nec vt Pla<lb/>to ait, perfectorum animalium tantùm: <lb/>e&longs;&longs;et enim ac &longs;i diceremus, quòd hominum <lb/>cæcorum, aut mutorum aliæ &longs;int animæ, <lb/>quàm perfectorum hominum. </s>

<s id="s.001510">Con&longs;entiunt <lb/>autem hæc dictis in libro de Animi immor<lb/>talitate, & demon&longs;trata &longs;unt in libris de <lb/>Æternitatis arcanis. </s>

<s id="s.001511">Nunc verò eou&longs;que <lb/>declara&longs;&longs;e &longs;ufficiat, quoniam calores i&longs;ti <lb/>eiu&longs;dem &longs;unt generis; & animæ: differunt <lb/>autem vt contraria. </s>

<s id="s.001512">Nec &longs;olùm quæ &longs;ine <lb/>&longs;emine generantur, his quæ cum &longs;emine, <lb/>&longs;ed & &longs;emine genita inuicem contraria &longs;unt, <lb/>vt bobus & hominibus viperæ, &longs;corpij, <lb/>araneæ: nam dentibus, & aculeo, & forci<lb/>pe &longs;i &longs;auciauerint hominem, corpus illius <lb/>putrefaciunt atque corrumpunt, nonnun<lb/>quam etiam occidentes. </s>

<s id="s.001513">Quum igitur terra, <lb/>& aqua parum concocta &longs;unt, prouenit ge<lb/>neratio animalium viliorum, vt vermium. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.001514">Si autem mi&longs;tio vehemens fuerit, & calor <lb/>potens &longs;eu multus, temperatus tamen, ge<lb/>nerabuntur &longs;tirpes, aut animalia perfectio<lb/>ra, præ&longs;ertim autem adiuuante alieno &longs;emi<lb/>ne, aut ex aliorum cadaueribus ac corpori<lb/>bus: hæc enim magis refracta, & minus ex<lb/>cedunt qualitatibus impre&longs;&longs;is, aut proprio <lb/>frigore vim generantis caloris, ob id obtem<lb/>perat materia melius illi, & fiunt, mures, <lb/>&longs;erpentes, lepores, fibri, lupi fluuiatiles, quos <lb/>nemo &longs;anæ mentis nouis pi&longs;cinis &longs;pontè ad<lb/>dat, & tamen breui coale&longs;cunt. </s>

<s id="s.001515">Ergo quum <lb/>vnus &longs;it calor, plures &longs;unt illius modi tùm <lb/>&longs;pecies. </s>

<s id="s.001516">Sic quædam nobis conueniunt, alia <lb/>autem aduer&longs;antur. </s>

<s id="s.001517">Hoc autem contingit, <lb/>quia eorum calor, et&longs;i in humido &longs;it &longs;itus, <lb/>non tamen humido hominis conuenit: nam <lb/>ab aliquo obruitur, ab aliquo di&longs;&longs;ipatur: ita <lb/>ver&longs;a vice cogit humidum calor naturalis <lb/>exiguus, alius exurit. </s>

<s id="s.001518">Vt igitur omnis ig<lb/>neus calor exurit, non ita quicunque exurit <lb/>humidum aliquod, igneus e&longs;t, &longs;ed illi tantùm <lb/>igneus. <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg148"/></s>

<s id="s.001519"><margin.target id="marg145"/>Elementa <lb/>quomodo in <lb/>mi&longs;ta.</s>

<s id="s.001520"><margin.target id="marg146"/>Calor putri<lb/>dus quomodo <lb/>animalia <lb/>generet.</s>

<s id="s.001521"><margin.target id="marg147"/>Anima quid <lb/>&longs;it.</s>

<s id="s.001522"><margin.target id="marg148"/>Putredo pin<lb/>guium</s>

<s id="s.001523">Non putre&longs;cunt igitur &longs;icca: putre&longs;cunt <lb/>quæ humido aqueo prædita &longs;unt celerrimè <lb/>ac maximè: medio modo quæ pinguia &longs;unt, <lb/>vt laridum, oleum, nuces, amygdalæ, farci<lb/>mina. </s>

<s id="s.001524">Malè olent, quæ &longs;ic putre&longs;cunt, atta<lb/>men eduntur, præ&longs;ertim à minùs delicati <lb/>palati hominibus. </s>

<s id="s.001525">Sic etiam &longs;aliti pi&longs;ces, <lb/>vt nihil magis. </s>

<s id="s.001526">Dubitatur autem, quia <lb/>magis putre&longs;cere deberent aqueis, quæ ca<lb/>loris &longs;unt expertia: calor autem putrefacit <lb/>omnia, vt diximus. </s>

<s id="s.001527">Sed cau&longs;a quare non <lb/>putre&longs;cunt talia, nec celeriter, nec perfe<lb/>ctè, vt caro & &longs;tans aqua, e&longs;t, quia cùm <lb/>putredo à calore contrario naturali fiat, <lb/>quæ plurimum caloris innati retinent, vt <lb/>pinguia, &longs;eriùs putre&longs;cunt, dum verò ran<lb/>cida fiunt, amara euadunt. </s>

<s id="s.001528">Nam calor putre<lb/>faciens cùm pingue putre&longs;cat, in amarorem <lb/>tran&longs;it, vel ex dulci, vel ex pingui &longs;apore. </s>

<s id="s.001530"><arrow.to.target n="marg149"/><lb/>&longs;ipida ergo non putre&longs;cunt &longs;ic, &longs;ed &longs;al&longs;a, pin<lb/>guia, amara, acuta: calidorum enim hæc <lb/>pa&longs;&longs;io e&longs;t, vt diximus. </s>

<s id="s.001531">Frigidi autem &longs;apores <lb/>&longs;unt, au&longs;terus, acidus, acerbus, a&longs;tringens, <lb/>atque in&longs;ipidus: reliqui autem calidi, vt pin<lb/>guis, dulcis, &longs;al&longs;us, amarus, acutus qui om<lb/>nium e&longs;t calidi&longs;&longs;imus. </s>

<s id="s.001532">Ob hoc igitur oleum <lb/>glandis vnguentariæ, quam Myrobalanum <lb/>rectè vocant (non hæc e&longs;t myrobalanus, nec <lb/>ei conuenit hoc nomen, cùm odore, ac &longs;a<lb/>pore penè vacet ) qua&longs;i temperatum non <lb/>marce&longs;cit. </s>

<s id="s.001533">Optimè igitur odores illi ab vn<lb/>guentariis excipiuntur. </s>

<s id="s.001534">Quia ergo quod ran<lb/>cidum euadit, amare&longs;cit, & &longs;iccatur, idque <lb/>vetu&longs;tate contingit: quæ oleo merguntur, <lb/>non rance&longs;cunt, &longs;icque &longs;eruantur farcimina, <lb/>minú&longs;que in libero aëre, quia non cale&longs;cunt. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.001535">Oleum autem ip&longs;um cùm multùm fuerit, <lb/>non corrumpitur: quia ambiens aër e&longs;t cau<lb/>&longs;a corruptionis, multùm autem re&longs;i&longs;tit. </s>

<s id="s.001536">Sic <lb/>vinum multum, aqua, oleum, atque omnia <lb/>quantitate diutiùs &longs;eruantur. </s>

<s id="s.001537">Quoniam verò <lb/>omnia vetu&longs;tate exeduntur, quæ putre&longs;cere <lb/>perfectè nequeunt, tempore talia fiunt om<lb/>nia, vt farcimina, nuces, pi&longs;tacia, pineæ, & <lb/>quæcunque oleum continent. </s>

<s id="s.001538">Nam & pi&longs;<lb/>ces &longs;aliti oleum habent, tùm ratione &longs;alis, <lb/>tùm ratione carnis: atque etiam pinguia (vt <lb/>dixi) omnia. </s>

<s id="s.001539">Humida verò valdè dum talia <lb/>&longs;unt non putre&longs;cunt &longs;ic, &longs;ed &longs;i benè pinguia, <lb/>&longs;eruantur: aut &longs;i minùs, &longs;itum contrahunt, <lb/>alia putre&longs;cunt. </s>

<s id="s.001540">Vt verò à calore debili fiunt <lb/>hæc tria, &longs;itus, rancor, & putredo: ita vbi <lb/>calor viget, &longs;eruantur plurimum. </s>

<s id="s.001541">Commu<lb/>ne e&longs;t autem omni putredinis generi, odor <lb/>prauus, in &longs;itu quidem grauis, in rancore <lb/>rancens, in putredine perfecta f&oelig;tidus. </s>

<s id="s.001542">Sed <lb/>in carie (nam & xoc genus quoddam putre<lb/>dinis) odor minimus, quia in terreo. </s>

<s id="s.001543">Quatuor <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg150"/><lb/>enim e&longs;&longs;e genera putredinis, neque plura, ne<lb/>que pauciora, facilè e&longs;t demon&longs;trare. </s>

<s id="s.001544">Quæ <lb/>enim putre&longs;cunt, aut integrè corrumpuntur, <lb/>& dicuntur putrida: aut non perfectè, & <lb/>tunc vel ob frigus non perfectè corrumpun<lb/>tur, & vocatur &longs;itus: aut ob calorem, & voca<lb/>tur rancor: vel ob &longs;iccitatem, & dicitur caries. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.001545">Ob humidum autem non pote&longs;t impediri <lb/>putredo: &longs;ed humidum cùm &longs;it putredinis <lb/>&longs;ubiectum, aut omninò prohibet <expan abbr="putredin&etilde;">putredinem</expan>, <lb/>aut omninò putre&longs;cit, quod humidum e&longs;t. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.001546">Humidum enim non ex &longs;e, &longs;ed vel ob calidi<lb/>tatem, vel ob frigiditatem remoratur putre<lb/>dinem. </s>

<s id="s.001547">Hac de cau&longs;a facilè e&longs;t prohibere <lb/>putredinem in &longs;itu, & vera putredine, amota <pb pagenum="390" xlink:href="016/01/039.jpg"/>aquea parte. </s>

<s id="s.001548">Hæc autem vel ignibus, vt in <lb/>pane: & pinguedine, quæ cocta non putre&longs;<lb/>cit: vel &longs;i humidum paucum &longs;it, vt in &longs;ali<lb/>ta carne, frigido, & &longs;icco &longs;eruatur, qua<lb/>lis e&longs;t aër dum mouetur. </s>

<s id="s.001549">Nam aër cùm mo<lb/>uetur, frigidus e&longs;t, & &longs;iccus: frigidus qui<lb/>dem ob naturam, &longs;iccus ob motum: motus <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg151"/><lb/>enim exciccat. </s>

<s id="s.001550">Ob hoc igitur aër immotus <lb/>corrumpit, quia humectat, nec tantùm, <lb/>quantum nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t refrigerat: dum autem <lb/>mouetur, con&longs;eruat, exccicans ob motum, <lb/>& vehementer refrigerans. </s>

<s id="s.001551">Multa ergo cùm <lb/>aër exponuntur, corrumpuntur, quæ aliter <lb/>incorrupta manebant: alia &longs;eruantur, quæ <lb/>ab&longs;que aëris auxilio corrumperentur. </s>

<s id="s.001552">Itaque <lb/>non &longs;olùm hæc, &longs;ed alia, quæ inferiùs di<lb/>centur, à putredine &longs;eruantur. </s>

<s id="s.001553">A rancore au<lb/>tem & carie humida tuentur, & quæ aëris <lb/>motum prohibent: nam ab hoc &longs;iccantur. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.001554">Sed talia cùm &longs;int immodicè calida, vel &longs;ic<lb/>ca, licet à putredine ignis auxilio præ&longs;erua<lb/>rentur, corrumperentur tamen ab&longs;que pu<lb/>tredine. </s>

<s id="s.001555">De putredinis igitur cau&longs;is ac gene<lb/>ribus, & auxiliis &longs;atis dictum e&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.001556">Reliquum <lb/>e&longs;t igitur vt doceamus, ip&longs;i Sacro liquori, <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg152"/><lb/>de quo &longs;uprà diximus, nihil Elixir propin<lb/>quius e&longs;&longs;e, quod pater meus con&longs;truxit. </s>

<s id="s.001557">O<lb/>dorata pleraque ligna, & herbæ ardente <lb/>aqua excipiuntur, & in fimo &longs;epulta &longs;emi<lb/>putre&longs;cunt, vnde <emph type="italics"/>(<emph.end type="italics"/> vt dictum e&longs;t ) tenuior <lb/>pars à terrea &longs;eparatur, inde di&longs;tillatione <lb/>optimum quicquid e&longs;t fæce &longs;ola relicta de<lb/>trahimus. </s>

<s id="s.001558">Dentes hoc firmant, & canos <lb/>retardat, concoctionem, memoriam, & <lb/>&longs;en&longs;us iuuat, Sacro liquore, tamet&longs;i plures <lb/>in mediam prouehat &longs;enectam, longè in<lb/>feriùs. <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg153"/></s>

<s id="s.001559"><margin.target id="marg149"/>Saporum na<lb/>tura.</s>

<s id="s.001560"><margin.target id="marg150"/>Quatuor e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>genera pu<lb/>trednis de<lb/>mon&longs;tratur.</s>

<s id="s.001561"><margin.target id="marg151"/>Aer cur cor<lb/>rumpat quæ<lb/>dam, alia <lb/>&longs;eruet.</s>

<s id="s.001562"><margin.target id="marg152"/>Elixir com<lb/>po&longs;itio.</s>

<s id="s.001563"><margin.target id="marg153"/>Putridi, & <lb/>ignei caloris <lb/>differentia.</s>

<s id="s.001564">At dices, &longs;i putridus calor corrumpit, <lb/>cur etiam non igneus, cùm eiu&longs;dem &longs;it ge<lb/>neris? </s>

<s id="s.001565">Hoc e&longs;t, quia igneus exterior e&longs;t, <lb/>putridus autem intimus: ob hoc igneus cùm <lb/>ad &longs;e trahat, & &longs;iccando, trahendo &longs;iccat <lb/>interiora, & putredinem prohibet. </s>

<s id="s.001566">Putri<lb/>dus quamvis &longs;iccet, cùm intimus &longs;it, & ad <lb/>&longs;e trahat <emph type="italics"/>(<emph.end type="italics"/> omnis enim calor ad &longs;e trahit <emph type="italics"/>)<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>interiora humectat, & putrefacit. </s>

<s id="s.001567">Putridus <lb/>igitur cum igneo conuenit, quòd & ip&longs;e &longs;ic<lb/>cet, & generet: & cum naturali, quòd in <lb/>penetralibus iaceat, & corrumpat. </s>

<s id="s.001568">Ob id <lb/>putridus calor, medius rectè dictus à qui<lb/>bu&longs;dam inter igneum, & naturalem. </s>

<s id="s.001569">Nam <lb/>&longs;ub&longs;tantia &longs;imilis e&longs;t igneo, &longs;itu in compa<lb/>ratione ad alimentum naturali: nam &longs;emper <lb/>igneus extra alimentum po&longs;itus e&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.001570">Sed di<lb/>ces, cur putridus calor veneni auctor e&longs;t, </s>

<s id="s.001571"><arrow.to.target n="marg154"/><lb/>igneus omnibus re&longs;i&longs;tit venenis<emph type="italics"/>?<emph.end type="italics"/> Nam vul<lb/>nera ex venenatis animalibus profecta, &longs;i <expan abbr="cã-denti">can<lb/>denti</expan> ferro vrantur, expertia fiunt: & me<lb/>dicamenta quælibet cùm vruntur, & in ci<lb/>nerem rediguntur, venenum e&longs;&longs;e de&longs;inunt: <lb/>&longs;ublimata autem ( &longs;ic enim nunc quæ anti<lb/>quo tempore cocta vocabantur ) vt &longs;æpiùs <lb/>cocta fuerint, eò fiunt pernicio&longs;iora, & ma<lb/>gis præ&longs;entanea ad mortem. </s>

<s id="s.001572">Ratio eadem <lb/>e&longs;t in putredine, & his quæ &longs;ublimantur: <lb/>nam vbi calor augetur, & humidum non <lb/>finitur, vt in his, quæ coquuntur, aut pu<lb/>tre&longs;cunt, veneni vis exacerbatur: vbi verò <lb/>vruntur, quum omnis humida pars pereat, <lb/>& &longs;imul finiatur caliditas, vt in cinere, ne<lb/>ce&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t, & veneni vim totam ab&longs;cedere. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.001573">Non ab&longs;urdè igitur quidam argento viuo <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg155"/><lb/>&longs;ublimato pe&longs;tem curabat, nam vi ignea <lb/>omne venenum finitur. </s>

<s id="s.001574">Sic apud Au&longs;onium <lb/>rectè: <lb/><emph type="quote"/><emph type="italics"/>Toxica zelotypo dedit vxor m&oelig;cha marito, <lb/>Nec &longs;atis ad mortem credidit e&longs;&longs;e <expan abbr="dat&utilde;">datum</expan> <lb/>Mi&longs;cuit argenti lethalia pondera viui, <lb/>Cogeret vt celerem vis geminata necem.<emph.end type="italics"/><emph.end type="quote"/></s>

<s id="s.001575"><margin.target id="marg154"/>Ignis omni <lb/>veneno re&longs;i<lb/>&longs;tit.</s>

<s id="s.001576"><margin.target id="marg155"/>Pe&longs;tis cura <lb/>cum argento <lb/>&longs;ublimato.</s>

<s id="s.001577">Inde po&longs;t pauca &longs;ubiicit: <lb/><emph type="quote"/><emph type="italics"/>Ergo inter &longs;e&longs;e, dum noxia pocula certant, <lb/>Ce&longs;&longs;it lethalis noxa &longs;alutiferæ.<emph.end type="italics"/><emph.end type="quote"/></s>

<s id="s.001578">Nam ( vt dixi ) argentum viuum &longs;ubli<lb/>matum, ignis habet rationem. </s>

<s id="s.001579">Verunta<lb/>men qui pe&longs;tem &longs;ic curabat, plures medica<lb/>mento occidebat, quàm &longs;anaret. </s>

<s id="s.001580">Si igitur <lb/>innoxium, & igneum medicamentum pa<lb/>retur, curare poterit. </s>

<s id="s.001581">Illud tamen quale<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg156"/><lb/>cunque fuerit, vt etiam calida lintea exte<lb/>riùs appo&longs;ita, calorem debilitat naturalem. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.001582">At contraria ratione puellus, aut catulus <lb/>pinguis ventriculo applicatus, iuuat mul<lb/>tùm concoctionem, & calorem auget natu<lb/>ralem, quamvis non &longs;it idem calor, imò <lb/>à catuli calore etiam &longs;pecie differt. </s>

<s id="s.001583">Ma<lb/>nife&longs;tum e&longs;t igitur naturalem calorem, <lb/>cùm non offenditur ab alio naturali ca<lb/>lore, motu, vt igneum ab igneo confir<lb/>mari. </s>

<s id="s.001584"><margin.target id="marg156"/><expan abbr="Confirmãtia">Confirmantia</expan> <lb/>calorem in<lb/>natum ven<lb/>triculi.</s>

<s id="s.001585">His explicatis ad elementorum hi&longs;toriam <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg157"/><lb/>redeamus, quæ tria e&longs;&longs;e docuimus, aërem, <lb/>aquam, terram. </s>

<s id="s.001586">Nec nece&longs;&longs;e fuit aërem <lb/>mi&longs;ceri in generatione, quoniam calor ad <lb/>patiendum minimè aptus e&longs;t: concurrunt <lb/>elementa vt materia, ideò terra & aqua &longs;uf<lb/>ficiebant. </s>

<s id="s.001587">Sed nec vt calefacerent, quando<lb/>quidem alius calor fuit nece&longs;&longs;arius origine <lb/>c&oelig;le&longs;tis, & ille etiam operi &longs;ufficiebat, cum <lb/>duobus caloribus, veluti duobus principi<lb/>bus deteriùs res proce&longs;&longs;ura fui&longs;&longs;et, nec ele<lb/>menta frigida alieno calori, elementique <lb/>contrarij parui&longs;&longs;ent. </s>

<s id="s.001588">Quinimò pugna quæ<lb/>dam hæc fui&longs;&longs;et, non generatio. </s>

<s id="s.001589">Admirabi<lb/>tur for&longs;an aliquis, quòd in contradicen<lb/>tium libris aliter &longs;en&longs;erim. </s>

<s id="s.001590">Sed vbi opinio<lb/>nes antiquorum &longs;equi propo&longs;itum fuit, hîc <lb/>verò docere veritatem. </s>

<s id="s.001591">Cuius igitur cau&longs;a <lb/>elementum aëris factum e&longs;t? </s>

<s id="s.001592">Vt &longs;ubiicere<lb/>tur radiis &longs;iderum, illorúmque vires excipe<lb/>ret: adeò excipit, vt in repentinis mutatio<lb/>nibus non &longs;olùm animalia, &longs;ed etiam plan<lb/>tas occidat, velut hoc anno M. D. XLIX. <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg158"/><lb/>triduò citrangula omnia Liguriæ &longs;iccauit, <lb/>prodigio non leui. </s>

<s id="s.001593">Cau&longs;a e&longs;t, quòd calori &longs;u<lb/>perueniens corpora tàm plantarum, quàm <lb/>animalium aperta offendit, & calorem, qui <lb/>intùs e&longs;t, extinguit: non ita diuturnum <lb/>frigus, quod &longs;en&longs;im obrepit, licet maius <lb/>longè fuerit. </s>

<s id="s.001594">Hoc verò contingere non po&longs;<lb/>&longs;et, &longs;i ( vt ferunt) &longs;pontè e&longs;&longs;et calidi&longs;&longs;imus. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.001595">Ob id verò & per&longs;picuus factus e&longs;t, & fri<lb/>gidi&longs;&longs;imus, vt animalibus e&longs;&longs;et &longs;alubris, & <lb/>commodus, non vt nugantur, calidi&longs;&longs;imus <lb/>& humidi&longs;&longs;imus. </s>

<s id="s.001596">Quod verò ad confirmatio<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg159"/><lb/>nem huius &longs;ententiæ e&longs;t, arduámque di&longs;&longs;ol<lb/>uit quæ&longs;tionem, e&longs;t, quòd exhalantes toto <lb/>ore aërem excalefaciunt: quòd &longs;i con&longs;trictis <lb/>labiis ex&longs;ufflent, infrigidant. </s>

<s id="s.001597">Cau&longs;am enim <lb/>hanc non aliam e&longs;&longs;e con&longs;picuum e&longs;t, quàm <lb/>quòd cùm &longs;pontè &longs;it frigidus, cum impetu <pb pagenum="391" xlink:href="016/01/040.jpg"/>delatus, po&longs;t &longs;e cogitur calidos vapores re<lb/>linquere: & ip&longs;e etiam &longs;olus vi impetus in<lb/>greditur cutis o&longs;cula: atque ob hæc duo im<lb/>pensè refrigerat, quorum neutrum accidit, &longs;i <lb/>toto ore ex&longs;uffles, ac lentè. </s>

<s id="s.001598">Quòd &longs;i vel cele<lb/>riter patenti ore, vel con&longs;tricto, ac propè ad<lb/>mota manu, excalefacies quidem parùm, <lb/>aut vix refrigerabis. </s>

<s id="s.001599">Excalefacit etiam &longs;piri<lb/>tus quali&longs;cunque, etiam &longs;i vi impellatur, <expan abbr="cõ-clu&longs;am">con<lb/>clu&longs;am</expan> manum: quia vapor calidus e&longs;t, nec <lb/>pote&longs;t exhalare. </s>

<s id="s.001600">Calidus quidem vapor, quia <lb/>ab ore erit, non pote&longs;t exhalare manu con<lb/>clu&longs;a: &longs;ed motu in patenti loco refrigeratur, <lb/>& ad propriam redit naturam. </s>

<s id="s.001601">Aër enim qui <lb/>au&longs;tralibus ventis ad nos defertur, tamet&longs;i <lb/>calidus &longs;it, ob vapores e&longs;t talis: vnde in iu<lb/>gis montium &longs;emper refrigerat. </s>

<s id="s.001602">Indicio &longs;unt <lb/>grandines, quæ & media æ&longs;tate, & ab au<lb/>&longs;tro, & non altiùs montium cacuminibus de<lb/>cidunt. </s>

<s id="s.001603">Grando enim frigidi&longs;&longs;ima e&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.001604">Sed vt <lb/>&longs;eruaretur aër, atque peregrinam omnem <lb/>qualitatem exueret, perpetuò moueri nece&longs;<lb/>&longs;e fuit. </s>

<s id="s.001605">Indicio e&longs;t autem aërem &longs;emper mo<lb/>ueri, quòd in angu&longs;tis locis aura &longs;emper &longs;pi<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg160"/><lb/>rat. </s>

<s id="s.001606">Cùm enim altiùs &longs;emper moueatur, at<lb/>que a&longs;&longs;iduè agitetur, inferiùs hic leuiter &longs;em<lb/>per flat: qui cùm è rima exitum habuerit, <lb/>coacto toto impetu propter loci angu&longs;tiam <lb/>vehementer imprimit, exemplo aquarum in <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg161"/><lb/>fluminibus magnis, quæ cùm vix fluere vi<lb/>deantur, per angu&longs;ta loca, aut vocatas con<lb/>chas deductæ, conatu magno ac &longs;trepitu, <lb/>tùm fragore immen&longs;o coguntur erumpere. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.001607">Motus enim, & cætera, quæ &longs;ub&longs;tantiis con<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg162"/><lb/>tinuis adueniunt, in vnum cogunt: vbi etiam <lb/>ampla moles in exiguam aliquam partem <lb/>concluditur. </s>

<s id="s.001608">Inde ex hoc crypto porticus fri<lb/>gidi&longs;&longs;imas con&longs;truere docemur, plures atque <lb/>angu&longs;tas rece&longs;&longs;us in illas dirigendo. </s>

<s id="s.001609">Et in <lb/>Ægypto aër nimio æ&longs;tu ferueat, excogitata <lb/>ratio turrium alti&longs;&longs;imarum, in quibus anfra<lb/>ctus angu&longs;tiores è &longs;ummo vertice obliqui <lb/>aërem deducunt frigidi&longs;&longs;imum: quia à locis <lb/>exceptus purioribus frigidior e&longs;t, & ob &longs;pa<lb/>tij longitudinem fertur magno impetu, at<lb/>que ideò frigidi&longs;&longs;imus euadit, & vehemen<lb/>tiùs imprimit. </s>

<s id="s.001610">Externus verò calor à muri <lb/>cra&longs;&longs;itudine arcetur. </s>

<s id="s.001611">Et loci obliquitas ra<lb/>dios &longs;olis impedit, admi&longs;&longs;a luce, ne ingre<lb/>diantur. </s>

<s id="s.001612">His quatuor con&longs;iliis in calidi&longs;&longs;ima <lb/>quacunque regione am&oelig;ni&longs;&longs;imos receptus <lb/>atque &longs;aluberrimos fabricare licet: &longs;unt <lb/>enim &longs;alubres, quia perflati. </s>

<s id="s.001613">At dices: Vide<lb/>mus in turrium cacuminibus po&longs;itis flabel<lb/>lis ex tenui&longs;&longs;imis, leui&longs;&longs;imi&longs;que laminis me<lb/>tallicis volubilibus, ventos &longs;olùm eas moue<lb/>re, aliter autem quie&longs;cunt: non igitur &longs;em<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg163"/><lb/>per aër mouetur. </s>

<s id="s.001614">Cùm enim &longs;cire cupimus <lb/>vnde &longs;pirent venti, flabelli aciem ad quam <lb/>partem re&longs;piciat atque confideat in&longs;pici<lb/>mus, ventumque ex aduer&longs;a regione flare <lb/>cogno&longs;cimus. </s>

<s id="s.001615">Quòd &longs;i in pluribus locis acies <lb/>con&longs;ideat flabelli, totidem flant venti ex ad<lb/>uer&longs;is regionibus quot fuerint loci, in qui<lb/>bus con&longs;iderint: vt &longs;i ad Boream re&longs;piciat <lb/>flabellum, ex au&longs;tro ventus flat: &longs;i ad Orien<lb/>tem, ex Occidente: &longs;i modò ad Boream, mò<lb/>dò ad Orientem, vterque ventus &longs;pirat. </s>

<s id="s.001616">Ea<lb/>demque ratio, & in aliis, & in pluribus ob<lb/>&longs;eruanda. </s>

<s id="s.001617">Vnde Tritonem illum Vitruuia<lb/>num collocare docemur. </s>

<s id="s.001618">Verùm cùm venti <lb/>non &longs;pirant, aër ad partem vnam leuiter <lb/>tendit, inclinaturque eò perpetuò flabel<lb/>lum: ob id non agitatur, & tamen &longs;emper <lb/>&longs;pirat. </s>

<s id="s.001619">E&longs;t autem cùm <foreign lang="greek">gal<gap/>/e</foreign> viget, aëris <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg164"/><lb/>motus ex Oriente, tendunt enim flabella ad <lb/>Occidentem: atque hic motus naturalis e&longs;t <lb/>aëris. </s>

<s id="s.001620">Aër igitur frigidi&longs;&longs;imus e&longs;t, ac &longs;emper <lb/>mouetur. </s>

<s id="s.001621">Factus e&longs;t etiam natura tenui&longs;&longs;i<lb/>mus. </s>

<s id="s.001622">Ergo aër tenui&longs;&longs;imus e&longs;t etiam, vt ictus <lb/>omnes exciperet. </s>

<s id="s.001623">Nam in terra ob &longs;olidita<lb/>tem motus non fiunt, ni&longs;i ob&longs;curi: in aqua <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg165"/><lb/>verò etiam lenti: &longs;olus aër ictibus excipien<lb/>dis apti&longs;&longs;imus, & ob ip&longs;am tenuitatem e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>videtur. </s>

<s id="s.001624">Sunt autem motus &longs;implices alij <lb/>præter tres &longs;uperiùs dictos, quatuor. </s>

<s id="s.001625">C&oelig;le<lb/>&longs;tis, qui maximè e&longs;t naturalis & alius rur&longs;us <lb/>naturalis, qui à quadam obedientia rerum <lb/>fit, vt aquæ ob Lunam, & ferri ad Hercu<lb/>leum lapidem: & voluntarius, qui animali<lb/>bus conuenit: quartus ex his e&longs;t violentus, <lb/>de quo nunc &longs;ermonem habere propo&longs;itum <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg166"/><lb/>e&longs;t: nam de aliis &longs;uo loco dicemus. </s>

<s id="s.001626">Vniuer&longs;i <lb/>igitur motus &longs;implices &longs;eptem &longs;unt, compo<lb/>&longs;iti verò ex his fiunt. </s>

<s id="s.001627">Itaque cùm hæc pro<lb/>po&longs;itio à Philo&longs;opho accepta e&longs;&longs;et, quòd ni<lb/>hil mouetur ab&longs;que motore, & quòd illud, <lb/>quod mouetur motu violento, non habet <lb/>principium in &longs;e: quia motus eius e&longs;t purè <lb/>violentus, quare principium e&longs;t extrà, &longs;equi<lb/>tur vt violenter mota ab aliquo extra mo<lb/>tam rem moueantur. </s>

<s id="s.001628">Hoc autem non po<lb/>te&longs;t e&longs;&longs;e ni&longs;i aër, igitur mota violenter ab <lb/>aëre mouentur. </s>

<s id="s.001629">Et quia cadebat dubitatio <lb/>eadem in aëre, propter vnam propo&longs;itionem, <lb/>quæ e&longs;t vera: quod omne corpus mouens <lb/>mouetur, & ideò &longs;i aër mouet lapidem pro<lb/>iectum, mouetur: igitur ab aliquo mouetur <lb/>aër: & ideò hæremus &longs;icut de lapide. </s>

<s id="s.001630">Dicunt <lb/>quòd aër cùm &longs;it leuis, à &longs;ua forma mouetur: <lb/>& ideò iuxta hanc &longs;ententiam quatuor ortæ <lb/>&longs;unt opiniones, quas nullus expo&longs;itorum in<lb/>tellexit, & maximè Ari&longs;totelis ( quem adeò <lb/>iactant ) opinionem. </s>

<s id="s.001631">Prima igitur e&longs;t, quòd <lb/>motum, vtpote lapis A, moueatur vi acqui<lb/>&longs;ita à proiiciente: &longs;icut cùm calefactum ab <lb/>igne, calefacit po&longs;tmodum caliditate acqui<lb/>&longs;ita alia, & ip&longs;um calidum diu manet: ita <lb/>motum recipit vim illam à mouente, per <lb/>quam fertur, donec quie&longs;cat. </s>

<s id="s.001632">Sen&longs;ibilis e&longs;t <lb/>h&etail;c opinio, quæ Antiquorum e&longs;t argumento <lb/>ab Ari&longs;totele adducto reiecta. </s>

<s id="s.001633">Sed & quòd <lb/>ab aëre moueatur inditio e&longs;&longs;e pote&longs;t, quòd <lb/>non tangens fulmen, arbores tamen etiam <lb/>pro&longs;ternit. </s>

<s id="s.001634">Secunda Platonis fuit, quòd O <lb/>motum, gratia exempli, à mouente tran&longs;<lb/>fertur v&longs;que ad B: inde cum relinquitur à <lb/>mouente, aër interim qui erat in loco mobi<lb/>lis, id e&longs;t, in A, implet locum inter A & B, & <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg167"/><lb/>ita tangit A mobile cum motu, & hoc modo <lb/>&longs;emper implet locum, quem A mobile de&longs;e<lb/>rit, cum eo impetu cum quo Aiam mouetur: <lb/>hoc enim nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t ob raritatis motum, &longs;eu <lb/>ne detur vacuum. </s>

<s id="s.001635">Sic igitur Plato pote&longs;t ar<lb/>gumentari: Moto à quocunque impetu aër <lb/>&longs;ub&longs;equitur, eodem impotu implendo lo<lb/>cum, & tangit A motum, igitur mouebit A <lb/>ip&longs;e aër eodem impetu, quo priùs motum <lb/>continuum faciendo: vocatque hunc modum <lb/>antiperi&longs;ta&longs;in, id e&longs;t, locorum &longs;ucce&longs;&longs;ione <pb pagenum="392" xlink:href="016/01/041.jpg"/>permutationem. </s>

<s id="s.001636">Ari&longs;toteles dicit, quòd hoc <lb/>modo motus non fit: quia et&longs;i antiperi&longs;ta&longs;is <lb/>fiat, non tamen per illam mobile impelli <lb/>pote&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.001637">Ratio &longs;ua &longs;ic &longs;e habet: quæ antipe<lb/>ri&longs;ta&longs;i mouent, etiam mouentur: igitur, dum <lb/>non mouentur, non mouent: &longs;ed quando <lb/>aer in A fuerit in B, tunc à nullo mouetur, <lb/>po&longs;&longs;edit enim locum, quem occupare debue<lb/>rat: igitur non pote&longs;t mouere A, dum e&longs;t in <lb/>B, è loco &longs;uo. </s>

<s id="s.001638">Patet, quia corpus non mouet <lb/>corpus, ni&longs;i cùm ip&longs;um mouens mouetur. </s>

<s id="s.001639">Et <lb/>hæc demon&longs;tratio non fuit intellecta ab ex<lb/>po&longs;itoribus, & tamen o&longs;tendit clarè opinio<lb/>nem Platonis fal&longs;am e&longs;&longs;e. </s>

<s id="s.001640">Tertia fuit quo<lb/>rundam antiquorum, quòd aër antecedens <lb/>ante mobile, puta in C, dum mobile e&longs;t in <lb/>B, moueatur ver&longs;us D, & &longs;ucce&longs;&longs;ione ne va<lb/>cuum detur, transferatur B in C ad locum <lb/>aëris moti: & ita idem aër mouetur ex D <lb/>in E, & mobile &longs;equatur eodem impetu: &longs;icut <lb/>&longs;i bos habeat locum &longs;eu vicem &longs;ubeat aeris <lb/>antecedentis, & currus ponderis &longs;eu mobi<lb/>lis, & vinculum, quo bos trahit currum, e&longs;t <lb/>raritas, vel vacui nece&longs;&longs;itas: & &longs;ic quantum<lb/>cunque mouebitur bos, & quantacunque <lb/>velocitate, eadem & tantùm mouebitur cur<lb/>rus, & ita quantumcunque, & qualicunque <lb/>velocitate aër ante mobile A mouebitur, ea<lb/>dem &longs;ub&longs;equetur A mobile, & ita fiet motus <lb/>continuus. </s>

<s id="s.001641">Et hæc fuit opinio quorundam <lb/>antiquorum, quam quidam falsò Philo&longs;ophi <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e crediderunt, quum tamen ab ip&longs;o relin<lb/>quatur, eadem ratione aduer&longs;us eam, quæ <lb/>contra primam opinionem adducta e&longs;t mili<lb/>tante, &longs;cilicet, quòd &longs;i C aër transfertur in <lb/>D, quæritur à quo? </s>

<s id="s.001642">&longs;i à mobili, igitur &longs;e mo<lb/>uebunt vici&longs;&longs;im, quod e&longs;t impo&longs;&longs;ibile, nam <lb/>mobile propelleret aerem ex C in D: & iam <lb/>&longs;upponitur, quòd aër tran&longs;latus ex C in D, <lb/>trahat mobile ex C in D, igitur idem erit <lb/>cau&longs;a, & effectus comparatum ad idem. </s>

<s id="s.001643">Si <lb/>dicas, quòd aër transfert &longs;eip&longs;um, dicit, cur <lb/>igitur etiam mobile hoc non pote&longs;t facere? <lb/></s>

<s id="s.001644">& redit prima opinio. </s>

<s id="s.001645">Si dicas, quòd aër, <lb/>quia habet principium motus, hoc pote&longs;t <lb/>facere, &longs;equitur, quòd i&longs;te motus erit perpe<lb/>tuus, quia aër ille &longs;emper manebit idem, & <lb/>mouetur à forma &longs;ua, igitur &longs;emper æquali <lb/>velocitate. </s>

<s id="s.001646">Horum autem vtrunque experi<lb/>mento repugnat: nam &longs;ic lapis proiectus <lb/>manu tran&longs;iret per totum orbem, & æquali <lb/>impetu: patet, quia &longs;uus aër præcedens æ<lb/>quali impetu &longs;emper moueretur, & non po&longs;<lb/>&longs;et o&longs;tendere qui&longs;quam rationem cur impe<lb/>tus ille remitti debeat. </s>

<s id="s.001647">Quarta opinio e&longs;t <lb/>Ari&longs;totelis, quòd aër, qui e&longs;t in B, motus ab <lb/>eo, qui lapidem iacit, ante mobile mouetur, <lb/>& propellit eum, qui e&longs;t in C: & ille, qui <lb/>e&longs;t in C, eum, qui e&longs;t in D, & ille qui e&longs;t in <lb/>D, eum qui e&longs;t in E, & ita donec perueniat <lb/>ad G, qui non po&longs;&longs;it mouere H, eò quòd e&longs;t <lb/>nimis debilis, & tunc quum H non mouea<lb/>tur, non trahet pondus, & &longs;ic quie&longs;cet in G. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.001648">Dicit igitur hoc modo: motus violentus fit <lb/>debilior, quia F mouetur ab E, igitur minore <lb/>impetu, quàm E, & E quàm D, & ita &longs;emper <lb/>violentus motus debilitatur, vt apparet <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb/>experimento. </s>

<s id="s.001649">Hîc etiam non e&longs;t motus &longs;ine <lb/>motus &longs;ine motore, quia quælibet pars mo<lb/>uetur à &longs;ua præcedente, vt F, & E ab ip&longs;o <lb/>D.Tertiò patet ratio dicti, quòd priùs ce&longs;&longs;at <lb/>quælibet pars aëris moueri, quam mouere: <lb/>nam cùm D mouetur à C, mouet E, quia <lb/>mouetur à C: igitur dum quie&longs;cit iam D in <lb/>E, mouet D ip&longs;um E ex loco &longs;uo, igitur <lb/>ce&longs;&longs;at priùs moueri, quàm mouere, quia D <lb/>ce&longs;&longs;at moueri dum D e&longs;t in B, nam tunc C <lb/>e&longs;t in D, quod mouebat D: igitur cùm C e&longs;t <lb/>in D, D quie&longs;cit in E, & tunc C mouetur <lb/>ad F, & non mouetur, ni&longs;i ab aliquo, & il<lb/>lud e&longs;t D, igitur D priùs de&longs;init moueri, <lb/>quàm mouere: quia dum e&longs;t D in C, non <lb/>mouetur, &longs;ed quie&longs;cit, & tamen mouet E <lb/>ver&longs;us F. </s>

<s id="s.001650">Et &longs;i opponas, quòd corpus non <lb/>mouet, ni&longs;i moueatur, dico quòd e&longs;t verum, <lb/>&longs;ed tamen finis motus primi, id e&longs;t, mouen<lb/>tis, e&longs;t coniunctus fini motus &longs;ecundi, non <lb/>idem: &longs;ed priùs ce&longs;&longs;at motor à motu, quàm <lb/>id quod mouetur, & hoc e&longs;t, quia &longs;altem <lb/>natura motor priùs mouetur, quàm moueat: <lb/>ideò patet quartum, quòd motus rei, quæ <lb/>proijcitur, componitur ex infinitis motibus <lb/>&longs;ibi inuicem &longs;uccedentibus, & e&longs;t continuus <lb/>per accidens: fit enim tran&longs;lato aëre B in C, & <lb/>aëre C interim in D, & eo qui erat in D <lb/>in E, & ita de aliis. </s>

<s id="s.001651">Et ideò talis motus e&longs;t <lb/>etiam velox, quia fines adeò vnius, initiis <lb/>alterius iunguntur, quod videtur vt debeant <lb/>&longs;imul transferri, & non e&longs;t ita. </s>

<s id="s.001652">Sed finga<lb/>mus decem boues vnum ante alium, & om<lb/>nes ante currum, & quilibet habeat &longs;timu<lb/>lum in fronte, quo tangat alium bouem in <lb/>crure po&longs;teriore, tunc moto primo currus <lb/>&longs;uccedet, & ille idem mouebit &longs;ecundum, & <lb/><expan abbr="&longs;ec&utilde;dus">&longs;ecundus</expan> tertium, & &longs;emper vides, quòd qui<lb/>libet bos priùs mouetur ab altero, quàm mo<lb/>ueat, & tamen vltimus &longs;imul fermè cum <lb/>primo mouebitur: & hoc e&longs;t, quia talis &longs;uc<lb/>ce&longs;&longs;io &longs;olùm componitur ex decem partibus, <lb/>&longs;unt enim decem boues tantùm: &longs;ed aëris <lb/>&longs;ucce&longs;&longs;io ex in finitis partibus componitur, <lb/>ideò refert tempus &longs;en&longs;ibile ab initio motus <lb/>lapidis v&longs;que ad finem. </s>

<s id="s.001653">Sed ad infinitum tol<lb/>lendum iuuat conden&longs;atio aëris, vt rectè di<lb/>cebat Auerroës: & ip&longs;a e&longs;t cau&longs;a, vt celerius <lb/>e&longs;&longs;et motus, & vt non &longs;it nece&longs;&longs;arium pone<lb/>re motus infinitos, &longs;ed &longs;olum innumerabiles. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.001654">Et hæc e&longs;t opinio Ari&longs;totelis, à nullis v&longs;que <lb/>ad hanc diem intellecta, de motu rerum, quæ <lb/>violenter mouentur. </s>

<s id="s.001655">Sed nos magis indige<lb/>mus prima, quæ e&longs;t &longs;implici&longs;&longs;ima, & etiam <lb/>non tantas difficultates patitur: & cum &longs;up<lb/>ponitur, quòd omne quod mouetur, ab ali<lb/>quo mouetur veri&longs;&longs;imum e&longs;t: &longs;ed illud quod <lb/>mouet, e&longs;t impetus acqui&longs;itus, &longs;icut calor <lb/>in aqua, qui e&longs;t ibi præter naturam ab igne <lb/>inductus, & tamen igne &longs;ublato, manum <lb/>tangentis exurit, & ideò etiam accidens vio<lb/>lens adhærens vim &longs;uam retinet. </s>

<s id="s.001656"><margin.target id="marg157"/>Aer cur fa<lb/>ctus &longs;it.</s>

<s id="s.001657"><margin.target id="marg158"/>Aer infrigi<lb/>datus <expan abbr="rep&etilde;tè">repentè</expan> <lb/>cur tantum <lb/>noxæ afferat.</s>

<s id="s.001658"><margin.target id="marg159"/>Cur <expan abbr="&etilde;x&longs;uf-flando">ex&longs;uf<lb/>flando</expan> aper<lb/>tis labiis ca<lb/>lefaciamus, <lb/>con&longs;trictis <lb/>infrigida. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.001660"><margin.target id="marg160"/>Aer &longs;emper <lb/>mouetur.</s>

<s id="s.001661"><margin.target id="marg161"/>Cur in an<lb/>gu&longs;tis locis <lb/>&longs;emper au<lb/>ram &longs;entia<lb/>mus.</s>

<s id="s.001662"><margin.target id="marg162"/>Cryptæ fri<lb/>gidiores <lb/>quomodo <lb/>fiant.</s>

<s id="s.001663"><margin.target id="marg163"/>Ventorum <lb/>dignatio vn<lb/>do &longs;piret.</s>

<s id="s.001664"><margin.target id="marg164"/>Aër quò fe<lb/>ratur motu <lb/>naturali.</s>

<s id="s.001665"><margin.target id="marg165"/>Motus &longs;im<lb/>plices &longs;ep<lb/>tem.</s>

<s id="s.001666"><margin.target id="marg166"/>De motu <lb/>violento <lb/>quomodo <lb/>fiat.</s>

<s id="s.001669">Dicamus igitur primò ea, quæ &longs;unt ma<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg168"/><lb/>nife&longs;ta, & &longs;unt, quòd quatuor &longs;unt cau&longs;æ <lb/>motus violenti, diuturni & celeris. </s>

<s id="s.001670">Prima <lb/>e&longs;t, quòd cau&longs;a mouens celeriter ab initio <lb/>moueat. </s>

<s id="s.001671">Secunda, quòd per magnum &longs;pa<lb/>tium? </s>

<s id="s.001672">ideò machinæ bellicæ, quò longio<lb/>res, eò procul magis eiaculantur: & ita ar<lb/>cus, quò magis tenditur ob ambas cau&longs;as, <lb/>eò longiùs emittit &longs;agittam. </s>

<s id="s.001673">Nam &longs;i tenda<lb/>tur ad B v&longs;que, mouebitur cum chorda <lb/>&longs;olùm &longs;agitta ex B in D: & &longs;i tendatur <pb pagenum="393" xlink:href="016/01/042.jpg"/>v&longs;que ad C, mouebitur ex C in D: igitur <lb/>&longs;i tendatur v&longs;que ad C, procul magis emit<lb/><figure id="id.016.01.042.1.jpg" xlink:href="016/01/042/1.jpg"/><lb/>tetur iuxta proportionem CD ad BD. </s>

<s id="s.001674">Item <lb/>chorda tracta v&longs;que ad C, maiore impetu <lb/>redibit ad D, quàm ex B in D. </s>

<s id="s.001675">Igitur cele<lb/>riùs mouebitur &longs;agitta à chorda, quare etiam <lb/>po&longs;tquàm emi&longs;&longs;a fuerit. </s>

<s id="s.001676">Nec oportet adii<lb/>cere, vt valida &longs;it virtus, quæ mouet, nam <lb/>nobis &longs;ufficit vt celeriter moueat: quòd &longs;i <lb/>celeriter mouere pote&longs;t, valida e&longs;t cau&longs;a, <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg169"/><lb/>quæ mouet. </s>

<s id="s.001677">Nam & &longs;i valida e&longs;&longs;et cau&longs;a, <lb/>moueret tamen lentè, quod po&longs;&longs;et procul <lb/>emittere. </s>

<s id="s.001678">Nihil enim lentè, & procul ali<lb/>quid mouere pote&longs;t: nam quod lentè moue<lb/>tur, multum temporis con&longs;umit in motu: in <lb/>quo etiam maximam vim, quum contra na<lb/>turam nitatur, debilitari nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.001679">Tertia <lb/>cau&longs;a e&longs;t raritas medij per quod mouetur: <lb/>nam in aëre velociter, in aqua lentè, in ter<lb/>ra vix e&longs;t impellere quicquam. </s>

<s id="s.001680">Atque ob id, <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg170"/><lb/>qui naues ho&longs;tium machinis petunt, ma<lb/>ximè cauent, ne ictus fiat in parte nauis, <lb/>quæ &longs;ub aqua iacet, quamvis pernicio&longs;ior <lb/>e&longs;&longs;et: &longs;ed quia &longs;phæræ ictus occur&longs;u aquæ <lb/>debilitatur, malunt nauim &longs;upra aquam fe<lb/>rire, &longs;ed tamen humiliore quàm po&longs;&longs;unt par<lb/>te. </s>

<s id="s.001681">Quarta cau&longs;a celeris & diuturni ictus <lb/>e&longs;t acuitas teli, quæ minorem quantitatem <lb/>aëris obuiam habens, minùs impeditur. </s>

<s id="s.001682">Vn<lb/>de videtur, quòd prima opinio verior &longs;it, <lb/>quàm illa, quæ e&longs;t Ari&longs;totelis de cau&longs;a mo<lb/>tus violenti. </s>

<s id="s.001683">Nam non tam manife&longs;tè appa<lb/>ret, cur violenter mota, vt acutiora &longs;unt, eò <lb/>celeriùs & longiore &longs;patio ferantur. </s>

<s id="s.001684">Si qua <lb/>etiam proxima &longs;int chordæ, non tamen tan<lb/>gant eam, quamvis aër moueatur, nihilo &longs;e<lb/>cius quàm ille, qui &longs;agittam antecedit: non <lb/>tamen mouetur res illa proxima, nedum vt <lb/>per longum &longs;patium feratur. </s>

<s id="s.001685">Prætereà aër <lb/>cùm mollis &longs;it, nec adeò vehementer mo<lb/>ueri pote&longs;t, nec in vnum cogi, quare nec <lb/>&longs;phærulam ferream mouere. </s>

<s id="s.001686">Neque in aqua <lb/>minùs mouebitur id, quod vi impellitur, <lb/>quam in aëre, cùm tamen non &longs;olum len<lb/>tius, &longs;ed longè lentiùs in aqua, quàm aëre <lb/>moueatur. </s>

<s id="s.001687">Et in aëre etiam ip&longs;o grauia non <lb/>lentius ferri debent leuibus, &longs;i vacui ratione <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg171"/><lb/>&longs;ub&longs;equantur. </s>

<s id="s.001688">Sed rationes hæ non o&longs;ten<lb/>dunt, quoniam acuta celerius ob id ferun<lb/>tur, quòd maiore impetu primus aër moue<lb/>tur, à quo partes reliquæ iuxta eandem cau<lb/>&longs;am impelluntur. </s>

<s id="s.001689">Fit ob id telum, quod pro<lb/>iectum &longs;emper infigitur. </s>

<s id="s.001690">Cu&longs;pis A, alæ qua<lb/>tuor magnæ ac tenues ad rectos angulos po<lb/>&longs;itæ ha&longs;ta BA. </s>

<s id="s.001691">Cùm igitur telum fertur, <lb/>non pote&longs;t inclinari, quia alarum aliqua, vel <lb/>plures aëri occurret ex aduer&longs;o: rectà igitur <lb/>cùm feratur BA telum nece&longs;&longs;ariò infigetur. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.001692">Quòd &longs;i vis deficiat, adhuc rectè cadet, & fi<lb/>getur. </s>

<s id="s.001693">Atque eadem fuit in &longs;agittis cau&longs;a <lb/>inuentionis alarum. </s>

<s id="s.001694">Reliquæ igitur rationes <lb/>præter vltimam contra Platonis opinionem <lb/>de antiperi&longs;ta&longs;i demon&longs;trant, non <lb/>autem de aëre antecedente. </s>

<s id="s.001695">Vltima <lb/>autem euidens habet contra &longs;e ex<lb/>perimentum: nam & in motu à <lb/>raritate difficilior e&longs;t a&longs;cen&longs;us gra<lb/>uis, quàm leuis, & ideò etiam <lb/>tardior. </s>

<s id="s.001696">Verùm quòd fidem facit <lb/>pro Ari&longs;totelis opinione, illud e&longs;t <lb/>quòd motum naturalem in fine <lb/><figure id="id.016.01.042.2.jpg" xlink:href="016/01/042/2.jpg"/><lb/>violentum, in principio, vehementem, in <lb/>medio fieri validiorem. </s>

<s id="s.001697">Auerroës Simpli<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg172"/><lb/>cium &longs;ecutus, & quum deprauatam habe<lb/>ret literam textus, proiectorum, anima<lb/>lium legit. </s>

<s id="s.001698">Simplicius quum textum habe<lb/>ret bonum, Ari&longs;totelem non intelligens, per <lb/>proiecta, animalia expo&longs;uit, quòd in latus, <lb/>vt proiecta mouerentur, ab&longs;urdi&longs;&longs;ima com<lb/>paratione, & interpretatione. </s>

<s id="s.001699">Mouit hoc il<lb/>lum, quòd dixi&longs;&longs;et iam, violenta ab initio <lb/>vehementiùs moueri, naturalia in fine: ex <lb/>horum altero genere proiecta e&longs;&longs;e oportuit. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.001700">Sed non intellexit Philo&longs;ophum. </s>

<s id="s.001701">Cùm enim <lb/>proiecta aëris antecedentis motu moueren<lb/>tur, aër autem per &longs;e &longs;it mobilis, motus pro<lb/>iectorum ex naturali quodammodo, & vio<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg173"/><lb/>lento con&longs;tat, naturalis in fine augetur, vio<lb/>lentus in principio: quamobrem mi&longs;tus ex <lb/>his, qui e&longs;t proiectorum, in medio e&longs;t va<lb/>lidi&longs;&longs;imus. </s>

<s id="s.001702">Con&longs;tans hæc ratio e&longs;t, & pul<lb/>cherrimè dubitationis &longs;olutionem docet. </s>

<s id="s.001703">Vi<lb/>demus enim machinas, &longs;corpiones, tela <lb/>etiam manu emi&longs;&longs;a, in quadam di&longs;tantia <lb/>vehementiores ictus, quàm nimis propè, & <lb/>( vt ita dicam ) &longs;ub ip&longs;is telis, aut &longs;corpio<lb/>nibus, aut machinis, inferre. </s>

<s id="s.001704">Cau&longs;a e&longs;t, quam <lb/>nemo alius afferre pote&longs;t, quàm qui ab hoc <lb/>principio, quòd Ari&longs;toteles propo&longs;uit, mo<lb/>tum factum putat: nam aër ille &longs;ub ini<lb/>tio motus motum non iuuat, ni&longs;i parùm, <lb/>&longs;uccedente tempore aëris motus naturalis <lb/>vt mouetur validior fit, vt autem mouet, pa<lb/>rùm dehi&longs;cit: quare eodem motus celeri<lb/>tatem augeri nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t, quoad plus mouere <lb/>minùs incipit, quàm moueri natura &longs;it <lb/>aptum. </s>

<s id="s.001705"><margin.target id="marg168"/>Quatuor <lb/>cau&longs;æ celeri<lb/>tatis, & diu<lb/>turnitatis <lb/>motus vio<lb/>lenti.</s>

<s id="s.001706"><margin.target id="marg169"/>Nihil lentè <lb/>& procul <lb/>emitti po<lb/>te&longs;t.</s>

<s id="s.001707"><margin.target id="marg170"/>Gubernato<lb/>res nauium <lb/>cauent ne <lb/>bellica tor<lb/>menta &longs;ub <lb/>aquam mer<lb/>gant &longs;phæ<lb/>rulas, quas <lb/>in ho&longs;tium <lb/>cla&longs;&longs;em im<lb/>mittunt.</s>

<s id="s.001708"><margin.target id="marg171"/>Teli confi<lb/>ciendi ratio, <lb/>quod &longs;emper <lb/>infigitur.</s>

<s id="s.001709"><margin.target id="marg172"/>Ratio de<lb/>mon&longs;tratiua <lb/>pro Ari&longs;tote<lb/>le. </s>

<s id="s.001710">2. c&oelig;li.t. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.001711">c. 35. & in <lb/>diui&longs;ione <lb/>Simplicij. </s>

<s id="s.001713">cap.

<s id="s.000046">Ad de vniuer&longs;i <lb/>ordine etiam ibidem erit con&longs;iderandum. <lb/></s>

20.</s>

<s id="s.001714"><margin.target id="marg173"/>Cur ictus <lb/>&longs;corpionum, <lb/>& machina<lb/>rum, & te<lb/>lorum in <lb/>certa di&longs;tan<lb/>tia, quam ni<lb/>mis propè, &longs;it <lb/>validior.</s>

<s id="s.001715">Ergo cognita motus violenti ratione, <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg174"/><lb/>quomodo ferantur, quæ non &longs;ponte &longs;ua fe<lb/>runtur, o&longs;tendamus, hoc initio &longs;umpto, quòd <lb/>quæ mouentur grauia ictu aliquo, nec &longs;e<lb/>cundum naturam, tria habent, ex quibus <lb/><figure id="id.016.01.042.3.jpg" xlink:href="016/01/042/3.jpg"/><lb/>conficitur motus: propriam grauitatem, <lb/>qua deor&longs;um feruntur, medij naturalem <lb/>vim, vt mouetur, & vim acqui&longs;itam, qua <lb/>partem aliam aëris mouet, iam igitur fit <lb/>AB æquidi&longs;tans finitori linea, quam &longs;ecet <lb/>ex angulo recto CD, vt CA, &longs;it æqualis <lb/>BC, & diuidatur AC per æqualia in E: quod <lb/>verò moueri debet in F, & manife&longs;tum e&longs;t <pb pagenum="394" xlink:href="016/01/043.jpg"/>per &longs;e, quòd validi&longs;&longs;imo ictu excutietur <lb/>ver&longs;us D, quia &longs;imul impetu iacientis, & <lb/>natura feretur in D. </s>

<s id="s.001716">Par autem erat, quòd <lb/>debili&longs;&longs;imus ictus e&longs;&longs;et illi contrarius, id <lb/>e&longs;t, ver&longs;us C, validi&longs;&longs;imus autem &longs;uperio<lb/>rum ver&longs;us D, quorum neutrum experi<lb/>mento con&longs;tat: &longs;ed validi&longs;&longs;imus e&longs;t &longs;upe<lb/>riorum FE, mediocris FC, & debili&longs;&longs;i<lb/>mus FA. </s>

<s id="s.001718">Sanè quoniam aër rectà <lb/>magis, quàm ad latera fertur, igitur debi<lb/>li&longs;&longs;imus e&longs;t ictus ex F in A. </s>

<s id="s.001719">Debuerat iuxta <lb/>hanc rationem validi&longs;&longs;imus e&longs;&longs;e ex F in C, <lb/>&longs;ed quia tota grauitas ob&longs;tat ponderis, ideò <lb/>vbi aër maximè mouetur, & pondus mi<lb/>nus grauitatis habet, hoc autem e&longs;t in linea <lb/>FE, ibi validi&longs;&longs;imè torquetur pila. </s>

<s id="s.001720">Reli<lb/>quum e&longs;t igitur vt mediocriter ex F in C <lb/>feratur, id e&longs;t, rectà in &longs;ublime. </s>

<s id="s.001721">Ne tamen <lb/>erres in &longs;agittis, quæ ob longitudinem & <lb/>alas velociùs quandoque feruntur ex F in <lb/>A, quàm in C, nunquam autem magis, <lb/>quàm in E: ob id qui muros quatiunt, ma<lb/>chinas ad &longs;emiorthon, id e&longs;t, ad libellam <lb/>FE collocant: nam tertia fermè parte ictus <lb/>augetur. </s>

<s id="s.001722">Cùm verò pila ad &longs;upremum re<lb/>ctà peruenerit, non per circulum, nec <lb/>rectà &longs;ur&longs;um illicò de&longs;cendit, &longs;ed media <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg175"/><lb/>qua&longs;i linea, quæ parabolæ fermè imita<lb/>tur circum ambientem lineam, vt BC e&longs;t, <lb/>demùm ex C in D motu grauis rectà ad vn<lb/>guem. <lb/><figure id="id.016.01.043.1.jpg" xlink:href="016/01/043/1.jpg"/><lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg176"/></s>

<s id="s.001723"><margin.target id="marg174"/>Ratio motus <lb/>grauium <expan abbr="c&utilde;">cum</expan> <lb/>violenter <lb/>mouentur.</s>

<s id="s.001724"><margin.target id="marg175"/>Modus quo <lb/>grauia po&longs;t <lb/>ictum de&longs;<lb/>cendunt.</s>

<s id="s.001725"><margin.target id="marg176"/>Cur vix vl<lb/>lus feriatur <lb/>à plumbeis <lb/>pilulis, quæ <lb/>maximo nu<lb/>mero in al<lb/>tum mit<lb/>tuntur.</s>

<s id="s.001726">Quæ igitur proiiciuntur, tribus ex moti<lb/>bus con&longs;tant, primo violento, vltimo ex<lb/>qui&longs;itè naturali, & medio ex vtroque mi<lb/>&longs;to: propter tam multiplicem motus ratio<lb/>nem metiri ad vnguem talia planè e&longs;t im<lb/>po&longs;&longs;ibile, coniectura tamen a&longs;&longs;equi licet. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.001727">Debili&longs;&longs;imi planè motus ex B in C: vnde <lb/>plumbeæ pilæ calore di&longs;&longs;ipatæ, ob hoc etiam <lb/>minùs lædunt, vt vix vnum aut alterum, <lb/>ob ictus in &longs;ublime de&longs;tinatos, quum tamen <lb/>frequenter aut auium cau&longs;a, aut exoneran<lb/>dæ machinæ, emitti &longs;oleant pilæ &longs;emiuncia </s>

<s id="s.001728"><arrow.to.target n="marg177"/><lb/>grauiores, vulneratos aut grauiter percu&longs;&longs;os <lb/>videas inter tot millia. </s>

<s id="s.001729">Sed quum per æqui<lb/>di&longs;tantem finitori lineam tam difficulter <lb/>grauia moueantur, cur e&longs;t quòd &longs;u&longs;pen&longs;a <lb/>facilè adeò impelluntur, vt annulus filo &longs;u&longs;<lb/>pen&longs;us &longs;pontè videatur moueri, atque ob id <lb/>etiam præcantationis præ&longs;e fert imaginem? <lb/></s>

<s id="s.001730">Cau&longs;a e&longs;t, quòd tota vis integra impellen<lb/>ti relinquitur: qui verò proiicit, duo facit, <lb/>&longs;u&longs;tinet & impellit: at appen&longs;o pondere, <lb/>quum ab alio iam &longs;u&longs;tineatur: quicquid <lb/>virium e&longs;t ad impul&longs;um integrum manet. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.001731">At vero quum impellitur, tanta fermè vi <lb/>redit ad medium, quanta ab illo, depul<lb/>&longs;um e&longs;t: igitur quum ea vi iam depul&longs;um <lb/>fit à medio, gratia exempli per cubiti &longs;pa<lb/>tium, tantundem di&longs;cedere in contrariam <lb/>partem nece&longs;&longs;arium erit, atque ita conti<lb/>nuo ac alternato reditu tardi&longs;&longs;imè con<lb/>quie&longs;cere. </s>

<s id="s.001732">Cùm igitur in annulo motus hic <lb/>vel occulta &longs;pirituum motione paululùm <lb/>iuuatur, adeò &longs;pontè augetur, vt verbis <lb/>vim fui&longs;&longs;e credas. </s>

<s id="s.001733">Quamobrem cùm pau<lb/>lò concitatior e&longs;t annuli motus, ip&longs;o iam <lb/>( vt dixi ) &longs;eip&longs;um mouente, videtur annu<lb/>lo dæmon ine&longs;&longs;e, qui annulum moueat. </s>

<s id="s.001734">E&longs;t <lb/>autem motus hic etiam in filo longiore fa<lb/>cilior, euidenti demon&longs;tratione. </s>

<s id="s.001735">Sit enim <lb/>annulus in F, & moueatur per BC, &longs;u&longs;<lb/>pen&longs;us in A, & rur&longs;us &longs;u&longs;pen&longs;us in A po<lb/>natur in G, & moueatur per DHE, quæ &longs;it <lb/>æqualis BFC, & L centrum terræ: con<lb/>&longs;tat igitur, quod dum e&longs;t in F, mouebitur <lb/>contra naturalem motum per FG: & dum <lb/>e&longs;t in H, per HK, &longs;ed HK e&longs;t breuior FG, <lb/>vt in primo de Circulis demon&longs;trauimus. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.001736">Igitur cùm potentia mouens eadem &longs;it, & <lb/>quod mouetur idem, & maius tran&longs;eat <lb/>&longs;patium in F quàm in H, à centro, &longs;eu ma<lb/>gis a&longs;cendat, tran&longs;ibit illud in longiori tem<lb/>pore: igitur &longs;i in æquali tempore debent <lb/>moueri, minore impetu indiget H, quàm F, <lb/>& ideò quantò altiùs &longs;u&longs;penditur, eò faci<lb/><figure id="id.016.01.043.2.jpg" xlink:href="016/01/043/2.jpg"/><lb/>liùs mouetur mobile, & minori labore. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.001737">Cùm igitur filum longum fuerit, initium <lb/>motus ducet, vel ab incauto manuum mo<lb/>tu, vel ab aëre, vel à &longs;piritibus ip&longs;is, quo<lb/>rum vis etiam per filum de&longs;cendit. </s>

<s id="s.001738">Ita adeò <lb/>facili motu illius, & tot cau&longs;is mouenti<lb/>bus, nil mirùm immotis digitis, & fili ini<lb/>tio annulum moueri, quo moto vix ce&longs;&longs;a<lb/>tionis, cùm graue ( vt dixi ) appen&longs;um tam <lb/>pertinaciter &longs;eip&longs;um moueat, initium pote<lb/>rit inuenire: atque hoc modo præcantatio<lb/>ne moueri videtur. </s>

<s id="s.001739"><margin.target id="marg177"/>De motu <lb/>annuli.</s>

<s id="s.001740">Sed po&longs;tquam hæc clara &longs;unt: dubitabit <lb/>aliquis, cur tenuia corpora non &longs;olum mo<lb/>tum velocem admittunt, quòd rationi con<lb/>&longs;onum e&longs;t, &longs;ed etiam faciunt, quod di&longs;&longs;onum <lb/>e&longs;t? </s>

<s id="s.001741">Nam impul&longs;us aquæ minùs violentus <lb/>e&longs;t, cum alicui rei intruditur, quàm aëris, & <lb/>aëris, quàm ignis, Indicio fuit in&longs;trumen<lb/>tum, quod ( vt audio ) nam non vidi, Ger<lb/>manus attulit, vlnas longum 20. ex cupre&longs;<lb/>&longs;o, cuius foramen adeò angu&longs;tum erat, vt <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg178"/><lb/>cicerem etiam&longs;i rotundus fui&longs;&longs;et, non e&longs;&longs;et <lb/>admi&longs;&longs;urum. </s>

<s id="s.001742">Cra&longs;&longs;itudo vlna minor. </s>

<s id="s.001743">Impel-<pb pagenum="395" xlink:href="016/01/044.jpg"/>lebat plumbeam pilam admodum exiguam, <lb/>quæ tamen foramini conueniret, tanto <lb/>impetu, vt tabulam tran&longs;uerberaret. </s>

<s id="s.001744">Secu<lb/>ra res, &longs;ine &longs;trepitu, & pulueris di&longs;pendio <lb/>tria habens hæc commoda: &longs;ed totidem in<lb/>commoda, grauitatem, magnitudinem, & <lb/>pro magnitudine imbecillitatem. </s>

<s id="s.001745">Quòd &longs;i <lb/>igne ictus moliamur, breuiore longè ac mi<lb/>nore in&longs;trumento indigebimus: igitur plus <lb/>ignis quàm aër, & plus aër quàm aqua im<lb/>pellunt. </s>

<s id="s.001746">Cau&longs;a duplex e&longs;t, quòd in impul<lb/>&longs;u non &longs;olum mouere, &longs;ed etiam moueri <lb/>nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t: at rariora facillimè moueri, & <lb/>ob hoc maximo cum impetu, demon&longs;traui<lb/>mus, itaque ictum edent magnum. </s>

<s id="s.001747">Alte<lb/>ra, quòd quæ rara &longs;unt, maximè cogi po&longs;<lb/>&longs;unt, quòd multum di&longs;tent ab extrema den<lb/>&longs;itate: aqua autem cum den&longs;itatem terræ <lb/>&longs;ubierit, vlteriùs tran&longs;ferri minimè pote&longs;t. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.001748">Machina igitur omnis aut magna nece&longs;&longs;a<lb/>riò e&longs;t, vel debilem ictum edit, aut magno <lb/>cum &longs;trepitu: nam quæ cum igne, &longs;trepi<lb/>tum dictam ob rationem faciunt: quæ au<lb/>tem cum aëre, aut magnæ &longs;unt, vt catapultæ, <lb/>bali&longs;tæ aut paruos edunt ictus. </s>

<s id="s.001749">Sed &longs;olent &longs;a<lb/>gittas &longs;corpionibus, non pilas imponere, <lb/>non &longs;olum quòd leuiores &longs;int, &longs;ed etiam <lb/>quòd acie ictus magnitudinem &longs;uppleant. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.001750">Certum e&longs;t Brixelen&longs;em fabrum, &longs;corpio<lb/>nem palmi magnitudine totum ex chalybe <lb/>&longs;ic tempera&longs;&longs;e, vt m&oelig;chum vxoris &longs;uæ oc<lb/>cultato &longs;ub mantello in&longs;trumento occiderit. <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg179"/><lb/>Sic tutò & &longs;ine &longs;trepitu ac &longs;u&longs;picione (nam <lb/>plerunque puluis odore prodit in&longs;idias<emph type="italics"/>)<emph.end type="italics"/> ma<lb/>ximam iniuriam vlci&longs;ci meditatus e&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.001751">Idem <lb/>horologium in annulli gemma con&longs;tituit, <lb/>quod mala circumagebatur, & horas indi<lb/>cabat, non &longs;olùm &longs;agitta, &longs;ed ictu. </s>

<s id="s.001752">Hic idem <lb/>nauim miro con&longs;truxit artificio, in qua mu<lb/>lier te&longs;tudinem pul&longs;abat, & motu remo<lb/>rum viri rotis &longs;uppo&longs;itis, qua&longs;i ad con<lb/>centum agitantes remos, nauim impelle<lb/>bant. <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg180"/></s>

<s id="s.001753"><margin.target id="marg178"/>Machina <lb/>quæ &longs;ine igne <lb/>ferit.</s>

<s id="s.001754"><margin.target id="marg179"/>Scorpio mi<lb/>rus.</s>

<s id="s.001755"><margin.target id="marg180"/>In&longs;trumen<lb/>tum mirabi<lb/>le ad <expan abbr="cribrã">cribram</expan> <lb/>dum <expan abbr="farinã">farinam</expan>.</s>

<s id="s.001756">Et&longs;i hæc qua&longs;i parerga dicta videri po&longs;<lb/>&longs;int, vt tamen artificio&longs;am hominum inuen<lb/>tionem edoceam, quæ ab aëris natura ortum <lb/>&longs;ump&longs;it, pulcherrimum in&longs;trumentum quo <lb/>farina cribratur, à triennio citra inuentum, <lb/>edocere &longs;tatui, vt &longs;imul intelligant homi<lb/>nes, quàm leuibus rebus, modò &longs;int ingenio<lb/>&longs;æ, opes liceat comparare. </s>

<s id="s.001757">Nam nunc cùm <lb/>pi&longs;tores omnes ob vtilitatem habeant, ille <lb/>verò priuilegium con&longs;ecutus &longs;it à Cæ&longs;are, <lb/>ne quis habere po&longs;&longs;it præter eius con&longs;en<lb/>&longs;um, vitam ex hac agit indu&longs;tria, & adeò <lb/>breui tempore &longs;ibi domum ædificauit. </s>

<s id="s.001758">Ne<lb/>que enim pi&longs;tores &longs;oli, &longs;ed collegia &longs;acerdo<lb/>tum, & virginum Deo &longs;acrarum, & nobiles <lb/>quicunque familiam magnam alunt, ob <lb/>egregiam vtilitatem ( ne dicam nece&longs;&longs;ita<lb/>tem ) habent: plures etiam alij, quos non <lb/>tam vtilitas, quam ip&longs;a rei admiratio inci<lb/>tauit, facere curauere. </s>

<s id="s.001759">Ip&longs;ius autem &longs;tructura <lb/>&longs;equitur. </s>

<s id="s.001760">Rota e&longs;t B parua, in cuius extremo ambi<lb/>tu A manubrium quo circumagi po&longs;&longs;it: <lb/>hæc duo extra machinam protenduntur. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.001761">In rotæ mediæ bacillum C, quod motu ro<lb/>tæ circumuertitur, cui in C duo denticuli li<lb/>gnei ex aduer&longs;o po&longs;iti, aliique proximi duo, <lb/>& ip&longs;i ex aduer&longs;o po&longs;iti, verum qua&longs;i inter<lb/>medio loco priorum, vt cum &longs;emel rota cir<lb/><figure id="id.016.01.044.1.jpg" xlink:href="016/01/044/1.jpg"/><lb/>cumagitur, quater tangat lignum latum, imò <lb/>tabellam DE vtrinque &longs;u&longs;pen&longs;am cap&longs;ulæ: <lb/>vt rota vertente, tabella tremulo motu dum <lb/>denticulis tangitur perpetuo agitetur. </s>

<s id="s.001762">Por<lb/>rò lignum C, & tabulæ pars parua cap&longs;ula <lb/>circum teguntur: ligno &longs;eu tabellæ DE &longs;u<lb/>per&longs;tat cribrum pollinarium FG obliquè <lb/>pendens, & ex G appen&longs;um in H ne exci<lb/>dat: hoc tenuibus tabulis imò tenui&longs;&longs;imis, <lb/>ac leui&longs;&longs;imis vndequaque con&longs;tat, præter<lb/>quam in medio vbi cribro farina excutitur: <lb/>nam vt &longs;olet pars ea tela linea con&longs;tat. </s>

<s id="s.001763">Cap<lb/>&longs;a hæc omnia vndequaque conclu&longs;a conti<lb/>nentur: in cuius &longs;upremo cap&longs;ula K iacet, <lb/>atque in ea quadrata qua&longs;i lignea patina <lb/>leui&longs;&longs;ima, in qua farina iacet: hæc &longs;ic &longs;u&longs;<lb/>pen&longs;a e&longs;t, vt facilè concuti po&longs;&longs;it: concuti<lb/>tur autem funiculo ei annexo altera rotæ <lb/>parte, dextra &longs;cilicet iuxta B. </s>

<s id="s.001764">Memineris <lb/>etiam cribrum FG vtroque ex capite pa<lb/>tere &longs;upremo, vt farinam excipiat à patina: <lb/>infimo, vt furfur eiiciat ex G. </s>

<s id="s.001765">Tota autem <lb/>cap&longs;a trifarlam diuiditur in LMN, erectis <lb/>&longs;eptis ex tenuibus tabulis firmis ac omninò <lb/>immobilibus. </s>

<s id="s.001766">Pote&longs;t & &longs;i libet quadrifariam <lb/>diuidi. </s>

<s id="s.001767">Hoc igitur con&longs;tituto, cum circum<lb/>agitur B rota, funiculus concutit patellam, <lb/>& denticuli tabellam: patella excutit fari<lb/>nam in cribrum F G, tabella cribrum con<lb/>cutit: ac fit vt tenui&longs;&longs;imus flos farinæ pri<lb/>mò excutiatur, cadatque in NM, parte cap<lb/>&longs;ulæ: de&longs;cendens verò cum vehementius <lb/>agitetur, pars inferior excutitur alia minus <lb/>&longs;yncera in LM, inde vltimò de&longs;cendit per <lb/>os cribri infernum & &longs;ur&longs;um totius in LO: <lb/>atque ita tria &longs;eor&longs;um colliguntur, flos fa<lb/>rinæ in MN, farina cra&longs;&longs;a in ML, furfur in <lb/>LO: Quæ verò circumuolat farina tota, ne<lb/>ce&longs;&longs;ariò iterum redit ad locum &longs;uum, vt ni<lb/>hil penitus pereat, quoniam cap&longs;ula nullibi <lb/>tran&longs;pirat. </s>

<s id="s.001768">Oportet autem ( quod ip&longs;a ra<lb/>tione facilè percipis ) FG cribrum non ni<lb/>mis e&longs;&longs;e accliue: nam farina v&longs;que ad G per<lb/>ueniret, & cum furfure eiiceretur. </s>

<s id="s.001769">Quamo<lb/>brem &longs;i &longs;eptum Lu&longs;que ad os cribri tran&longs;tu<lb/>leris, vel aliud &longs;eptum, vt in P, adieceris, &longs;i<lb/>mul etiam paululum, vt vides, os ip&longs;um G <lb/>&longs;uperius recuraueris, ne vel oboli iacturam <lb/>feceris farinæ. </s>

<s id="s.001770">Nunc quanta ex hoc &longs;equantur <expan abbr="in&longs;trum&etilde;-to">in&longs;trumen<lb/>to</expan> <expan abbr="cõmoda">commoda</expan>, intellige. </s>

<s id="s.001771">Primum, vnius hominis <lb/>labore, qui rotam ver&longs;at & farinam impo<lb/>nit patellæ, & cum loci pleni fuerint, cribra<lb/>tam colligit ac furfur, trium operariorum <lb/>vices &longs;upplet. </s>

<s id="s.001772">Secundum e&longs;t, quod ad hoc <lb/>opus cum neque adeò &longs;it laborio&longs;um, nec <lb/>noxium, quilibet &longs;ufficere pote&longs;t vtile&longs;que <lb/>geruli habentur, qui longè minore pretio <lb/>operariis conducuntur. </s>

<s id="s.001773">Tertium, quòd tota <lb/>farina colligitur, nec quicquam perit, cum <pb pagenum="396" xlink:href="016/01/045.jpg"/>dum cribratur nece&longs;&longs;e &longs;it ob manuum mo<lb/>tum ac brachiorum patere foramina, quan<lb/>tum diduci brachia valent, eaque cau&longs;a fa<lb/>rinæ non paruam partem partem perire. </s>

<s id="s.001774">Ac<lb/>cedit, quòd lineum cribrum cum &longs;olum tre<lb/>mat, non adeò atteritur, imò longè minus <lb/>qui dum farina ab hominibus cribratur: <lb/>nam illos concutere, vt &longs;olent, cribrum ve<lb/>hementer e&longs;t nece&longs;&longs;arium. </s>

<s id="s.001775">Facit & ad com<lb/>pendium, quòd farina exqui&longs;itius excutitur, <lb/>vt furfur omninò purum &longs;it. </s>

<s id="s.001776">Hæcque omnia <lb/>citra domus f&oelig;ditatem, & hominum iactu<lb/>ram atque incommoda. </s>

<s id="s.001777">Natura etiam in<lb/>&longs;trumenti duplicem, aut triplicem farinam <lb/>di&longs;tinguente, guod ab operariis ni&longs;i conie<lb/>ctura incerta primò, deinde etiam in&longs;tabili, <lb/>fieri non pote&longs;t </s>

<s id="s.001779"><margin.target id="marg181"/>Aër cur non <lb/>&longs;entiatur.</s>

<s id="s.001780">Sed ad aëris tractationem reuertamur, <lb/>motuum omnium violentorum iam ab&longs;olu<lb/>ta narratione. </s>

<s id="s.001781">Itaque aërem v&longs;que ad c&oelig;<lb/>lum extendi iam docuimus, purioremque <lb/>illius partem æthera vocari: &longs;ed neque æ<lb/>ther, nec aër ob &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ puritatem &longs;enti<lb/>ri pote&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.001782">Cau&longs;a factum e&longs;t hoc animantium, <lb/>nam &longs;i colores haberet, quæ viderentur, ta<lb/>lia apparerent. </s>

<s id="s.001783">Vt enim per viridia con&longs;pi<lb/>cilia in&longs;picienti omnia videntur viridia: ita <lb/>&longs;i aër coloris particeps e&longs;&longs;et omnia eiu&longs;dem <lb/>coloris e&longs;&longs;e viderentur. </s>

<s id="s.001784">Similiter &longs;i odorem <lb/>haberet, omnia eodem odore infecta vide<lb/>rentur. </s>

<s id="s.001785">Similiter &longs;i acrem &longs;aporem, aut dul<lb/>cem præ &longs;e ferret, dulcia omnia aut acria <lb/>viderentur. </s>

<s id="s.001786">Eodem modo calidus &longs;i quan<lb/>doque euadat, vt in æ&longs;tate, omnia vt cali<lb/>da videantur, efficit. </s>

<s id="s.001787">Ea ratione nox &longs;onos & <lb/>&longs;trepitus leui&longs;&longs;imos etiam detegit: quoniam <lb/>die aër non e&longs;t omninò expers &longs;oni. </s>

<s id="s.001788">Ergo <lb/>omnia vt po&longs;&longs;et &longs;u&longs;cipere, &longs;apores, odores, <lb/>&longs;onos, colores, & calidum ac frigidum, ea<lb/>que vt decet &longs;en&longs;ibus repræ&longs;entare, omnium <lb/>natura expers factus e&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.001789">Qualitatibus au<lb/>tem cùm &longs;ubiacet primis, alteram oppo&longs;i<lb/>tam refugit: atque hoc indicium e&longs;t eorum <lb/>quæ iam diximus, qualitates ip&longs;as per &longs;eip<lb/>&longs;as agere. </s>

<s id="s.001790">Hyeme enim aër qui efflatur cùm <lb/>calidus &longs;it, in rotundam cogitur figuram, <lb/>ab ip&longs;o calore &longs;iquidem, non ab aëris natu<lb/>ra: etiam aër frigidus non cogitur, nec ca<lb/>lidus in calidum locum in&longs;piratus. </s>

<s id="s.001792"><arrow.to.target n="marg182"/><lb/>rotundam figuram? </s>

<s id="s.001793">quòd ea cùm &longs;it capa<lb/>ci&longs;&longs;ima, etiam &longs;it robu&longs;ti&longs;&longs;ima, & etiam quo<lb/>niam &longs;olo puncto læ&longs;uræ cau&longs;æ &longs;e exponat: <lb/>ob id pugnaturi, ictumque excepturi, ac <lb/>pondus &longs;ubituri, in rotundam figuram &longs;e <lb/>totos colligunt, Vibrata enim procul maio<lb/>re impetu colliduntur: at quæ extra rotun<lb/>ditatem &longs;unt, procul magis vibrantur: plus <lb/>enim à centro di&longs;tant, quod hypomochlij <lb/>vice habetur. </s>

<s id="s.001794">Hic interclu&longs;us corrumpit ani<lb/>mata anima carentia con&longs;eruat: liber autem, <lb/>quæ anima carent, corrumpit: quæ anima<lb/>ta &longs;unt, con&longs;eruat. </s>

<s id="s.001795">Exedit enim anima <lb/>carentia motu, ideoque perflato loco illa <lb/>corrumpit, animalium calorem repurgat <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg183"/><lb/>ac refrigerat. </s>

<s id="s.001796">Sed reclu&longs;us dum non moue<lb/>tur, quæ à putredine ab&longs;unt illæ&longs;a con&longs;er<lb/>uat, quia motu carens non exedit. </s>

<s id="s.001797">Sed ani<lb/>malia, & quæ putre&longs;cere po&longs;&longs;unt, immotus <lb/>manens, atque ideo putre&longs;cens, corrum<lb/>pit, occidit, putrefacit. </s>

<s id="s.001798">Adeò verò corrum<lb/>pitur aër conclu&longs;us ac immotus, vt cum M. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.001799">Antonini Imperatoris milites Auidij Ca&longs;<lb/>&longs;ij in Seleucia Babyloniæ arculam in Apol<lb/>linis templo inuentam aperui&longs;&longs;ent, aurum <lb/>&longs;perantes inuenire, aër exiens adeò com<lb/>putruerat, vt totam regionem pe&longs;te affece<lb/>rit. </s>

<s id="s.001800">Inde ventis delatus in Græciam, at<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg184"/><lb/>que inde etiam Romam, pe&longs;tilentiam eam <lb/>excitauit, quæ humani totius generis par<lb/>tem fermè tertiam ab&longs;ump&longs;it. </s>

<s id="s.001801">Inficitur & <lb/>metallicis exhalationibus, vnde in fodina<lb/>rum puteis perpetuò flabellis agitatur: ali<lb/>ter & lumina extingueret, & eos qui in<lb/>tus &longs;unt &longs;uffocaret. </s>

<s id="s.001802">Motu igitur aër pur<lb/>gatur, & ad propriam ac puram redit na<lb/>turam. </s>

<s id="s.001803"><margin.target id="marg182"/>Cur aër hye<lb/>me in rotun<lb/>dam <expan abbr="figurã">figuram</expan> <lb/>cogitur.</s>

<s id="s.001804"><margin.target id="marg183"/>Aëris con<lb/>trariæ vires.</s>

<s id="s.001805"><margin.target id="marg184"/>Pe&longs;tis ex ar<lb/>cula aperta.</s>

<s id="s.001806">Simili ratione frumenta &longs;ub terra reclu<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg185"/><lb/>&longs;a, aërem vitiant, indeque vici&longs;&longs;im ab illo <lb/>vitiantur. </s>

<s id="s.001807">Et licet &longs;erius in Germania, ob <lb/>aëris frigiditatem, attamen & ibi po&longs;t <lb/>aliquot annos corrumpuntur. </s>

<s id="s.001808">Seruantur & <lb/>diutiùs eadem cau&longs;a &longs;ub terra quam &longs;upra. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.001809">In Gallia verò etiam in multos annos &longs;eptis <lb/>in medio ari&longs;tis, & circumpo&longs;itis den&longs;ata <lb/>congerie &longs;tipulis, ita vt latioris columnis <lb/>&longs;peciem referant, inde &longs;uperinducto tugu<lb/>riolo den&longs;ite tuta manent ab animalibus aë<lb/>reque ip&longs;o, tugurio ab aqua, geminareque <lb/>prohibentur ip&longs;is &longs;tipulis annexis: omnia <lb/>enim &longs;emina ea parte pullulant, quæ exorta <lb/>&longs;unt, indicio &longs;unt fabæ. </s>

<s id="s.001810">Sed & quædam <lb/>perflatis locis videntur tutiora, non quia <lb/>aër con&longs;eruet, &longs;ed quia frigidior quum <lb/>&longs;it, adeò non corrumpit. </s>

<s id="s.001811">Pleraque enim <lb/>perflata, maximè edito loco, &longs;unt con<lb/>clu&longs;is frigidiora. </s>

<s id="s.001812">Fiunt & aëris corruptio<lb/>nes ob terræmotus. </s>

<s id="s.001813">Re&longs;eratus enim aër, <lb/>qui multis latuerat &longs;eculis, dum emergit, <lb/>pe&longs;tem magnam afferre &longs;olet: ob id ma<lb/>gnos terræmotus, pe&longs;tilentiæ graues &longs;ub&longs;e<lb/>qui &longs;olent. </s>

<s id="s.001814">Fiunt & ob putredines, velut <lb/>po&longs;t magnas clades, po&longs;t inundationes, & <lb/>locu&longs;tarum interitum. </s>

<s id="s.001815">Hæ quidem pe&longs;tilen<lb/>tiæ ab aëre. </s>

<s id="s.001816">Quæ autem fiunt po&longs;t famem, <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg186"/><lb/>alterius &longs;unt generis. </s>

<s id="s.001817">Mira tamen pe&longs;tis va<lb/>rietas: nam referunt autores fide non in<lb/>digni, Con&longs;tantinopoli ( olim Byzantium <lb/>dicebatur ) pe&longs;tem obortam, qui huius erat <lb/>generis, vt qui laborarent, aut quibus mor<lb/>bus imminebat, viderentur ab alio homine <lb/>cædi: perturbatique hoc errore morieban<lb/>tur. </s>

<s id="s.001818">Interim nec videbant, nec audiebant, <lb/>&longs;ed velut attoniti, aut lymphati &longs;en&longs;ibus ac <lb/>mente excutiebantur. </s>

<s id="s.001819">Febreque ac tu&longs;&longs;i cum <lb/>laborarent, calor tamen & color haud mu<lb/>tabatur. </s>

<s id="s.001820">Tubercula variis in locis pro ho<lb/>minum natura apparebant. </s>

<s id="s.001821">Tandem veterno <lb/>alij, alij inedia conficiebantur. </s>

<s id="s.001822">Quidam etiam <lb/>ob &longs;itim in puteos &longs;e præcipitabant. </s>

<s id="s.001823">Cer<lb/>tum e&longs;t, fui&longs;&longs;e genus certum ab&longs;ce&longs;&longs;us in <lb/>cerebro, quandoquidem contagio non pro<lb/>pagaretur. </s>

<s id="s.001824">Certum e&longs;t, tot fermè e&longs;&longs;e modos <lb/>pe&longs;tis, quot tempora. </s>

<s id="s.001825">Nulla tamen pe&longs;tis vl<lb/>tra triennium &longs;æuit. </s>

<s id="s.001826">Cau&longs;a multiplex e&longs;t. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.001827">Prima, quia &longs;i tamdiu &longs;æuiat, non habet fer<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg187"/><lb/>mè in quos &longs;æuiat. </s>

<s id="s.001828">Deinde, aër ip&longs;e cùm le<lb/>ui&longs;&longs;imæ ( vt dictum e&longs;t ) &longs;it &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ, vlte<lb/>riorem putredinem pati non pote&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.001829">O&longs;ten<lb/>&longs;um e&longs;t enim &longs;uperius, quæ computrue<lb/>tint, non amplius e&longs;&longs;e putrida. </s>

<s id="s.001830">Accedit, <pb pagenum="397" xlink:href="016/01/046.jpg"/>quòd vix fieri pote&longs;t, ne in tanto tempore <lb/>aër moueatur, & in ventos transferat quod <lb/>corrumpitur. </s>

<s id="s.001831">Videtur etiam omnibus pe&longs;&longs;i<lb/>mis rebus Dei beneficio modus quidam im<lb/>po&longs;itus. </s>

<s id="s.001832">Nam nec &longs;erpentes multiplicari vi<lb/>dentur vltra metam quandam, nec acuti <lb/>morbi vltra quartum decimum diem per&longs;e<lb/>uerant, nec vllum vehemens malum e&longs;&longs;e po<lb/>te&longs;t diuturnum. </s>

<s id="s.001833">In pe&longs;tis autem genere diu<lb/>turno ac lento, nullum e&longs;t inuenire termi<lb/>num præfixum: vt in Gallica lue, quam con<lb/>&longs;tantiam quinquage&longs;imum ab ortu &longs;uo an<lb/>num exce&longs;&longs;i&longs;&longs;e. </s>

<s id="s.001834">Et quanquam &longs;it hic mor<lb/>bus Indis Endemius, nobis tamen contagio <lb/>pe&longs;tifer e&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.001835">Scrip&longs;imus autem de hoc multos <lb/>libros. <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg188"/></s>

<s id="s.001836"><margin.target id="marg185"/>Cau&longs;æ pu<lb/>tredinis aë<lb/>ris & pe&longs;tis.</s>

<s id="s.001837"><margin.target id="marg186"/>Pe&longs;tis mira.</s>

<s id="s.001838"><margin.target id="marg187"/>Cur pe&longs;tis <lb/>triennium <lb/>non excedat.</s>

<s id="s.001839"><margin.target id="marg188"/>Venenorum <lb/>ratio triplex.</s>

<s id="s.001840">Genera pe&longs;tis ex aëre, veneni habent ra<lb/>tionem. </s>

<s id="s.001841">Venena etenim quædam natura, vt <lb/>quæ na&longs;cuntur, & anguium pe&longs;&longs;imi: quædam <lb/>putredine, è quorum numero pe&longs;tis ip&longs;a e&longs;t, <lb/>& quæ arte conficiuntur, cocta olim, nunc <lb/>&longs;ublimata vocantur. </s>

<s id="s.001842">Acerrima & maximè <lb/>præ&longs;entanea à natura fiunt, illa artem vnde<lb/>qua que &longs;uperante: &longs;ed tamen rara, frequen<lb/>ti&longs;&longs;ima ab arte, quum in malis excogitandis <lb/>longè deterius humanum genus &longs;it <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> na<lb/>tura. </s>

<s id="s.001843">Ergo rarò exemplo, non turpe illa duxit <lb/>&longs;ibi in his ab hominibus &longs;uperari, modò ta<lb/>men magnitudinis rei palma apud illam ma</s>

<s id="s.001845">In Nubia tamen referunt (hæc Marma<lb/>rica à Ptolemæo appellatur) e&longs;&longs;e venenum, <lb/>cuius pondus triticei grani vnius, illicò ho<lb/>minem occidit: <expan abbr="dec&etilde;">decem</expan> autem homines in quar<lb/>ta horæ parte. </s>

<s id="s.001846">Tanta vis lethalis, venditur in <lb/>&longs;ingulas vncias centenis aureis. </s>

<s id="s.001847">Tantundem <lb/>impenditur pro vectigalibus quanti emitur. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.001848">Iurat emptor non v&longs;urum eo in prouincia, <lb/>qua&longs;i homines aliarum regionum &longs;i quis oc<lb/>cidat, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> &longs;it veneficus, vel minus &longs;it homines <lb/>occidere, <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> peiorare. </s>

<s id="s.001849"><expan abbr="Periuri&utilde;">Periurium</expan> timebit, qui <lb/>veneficio v&longs;urus e&longs;t? </s>

<s id="s.001850">Hæc calamita&longs;ne maior, <lb/>an &longs;tultitia mortalium? </s>

<s id="s.001851">Deterior in mora <expan abbr="cõ-ditio">con<lb/>ditio</expan> quam in celeritate: hæc enim vitam <lb/>aufert, illa &longs;pem & fructum omnem vitæ. <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg190"/><lb/>Theophra&longs;tus refert, <expan abbr="aconit&utilde;">aconitum</expan> præparari &longs;oli<lb/>tum quod bime&longs;tri, trime&longs;tri, &longs;eme&longs;tri, anno<lb/>ve vel etiam biennio occidat, <expan abbr="e&longs;&longs;éq;">e&longs;&longs;éque</expan> mortes <lb/>collectionis medicamenti temporibus com<lb/>pares. </s>

<s id="s.001852">Nam à &longs;eniore <expan abbr="plãta">planta</expan> protrahitur mors <lb/>diutiùs: &longs;erebant enim herbam, <expan abbr="colligebántq;">colligebántque</expan> <lb/>Vel quia collecta verno <expan abbr="t&etilde;pore">tempore</expan>, celeriùs oc<lb/>cidat <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> hyeme, vt etiam de herbarum vi<lb/>ribus tum <expan abbr="radic&utilde;">radicum</expan> con&longs;tat. </s>

<s id="s.001853">Et quantumuis me<lb/>dicamenti tempus protraheretur, mors <expan abbr="tam&etilde;">tamen</expan> <lb/>certa <expan abbr="atq;">atque</expan> irreparabilis, <expan abbr="cuiq;">cuique</expan> &longs;uo <expan abbr="t&etilde;pore">tempore</expan>, quod <lb/>mirum e&longs;t, imminebat. </s>

<s id="s.001854">Simili ratione <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> <lb/>licet non vitam tollant, membrorum tamen <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg191"/><lb/>quorundam vitium afferunt. </s>

<s id="s.001855">Fons fuit vltra <lb/>Rhenum iuxta littus maris, cuius aqua ex<lb/>cu&longs;&longs;it dentes omnibus, quotquot è Germani<lb/>ci exercitu ex eo biberant. </s>

<s id="s.001856">Nec <expan abbr="inuent&utilde;">inuentum</expan> au<lb/>xilium, ni&longs;i herbæ Britannicæ. </s>

<s id="s.001857">Et Cæ&longs;ari Ta<lb/>bernæ patritio no&longs;tro, quum diu cruciatus <lb/><expan abbr="v&etilde;triculi">ventriculi</expan> doloribus di&longs;&longs;ectus fui&longs;&longs;et po&longs;t mor<lb/>tem, inuentus lapis in ventriculo oui magni<lb/>tudine. </s>

<s id="s.001858">Venena enim quæ ad <expan abbr="t&etilde;pus">tempus</expan> occidunt, <lb/><expan abbr="neq;">neque</expan> cor, <expan abbr="neq;">neque</expan> <expan abbr="cerebr&utilde;">cerebrum</expan>, <expan abbr="neq;">neque</expan> <expan abbr="ve&longs;icã">ve&longs;icam</expan> petere po&longs;<lb/>&longs;unt. </s>

<s id="s.001859">Nam &longs;i cor <expan abbr="petãt">petant</expan>, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> tandiu differre po&longs;<lb/>&longs;unt <expan abbr="mort&etilde;">mortem</expan>: &longs;i <expan abbr="cerebr&utilde;">cerebrum</expan>, cùm longè ab&longs;int, non <lb/>occident, imò vix attingere po&longs;&longs;unt. </s>

<s id="s.001860">Ve&longs;icam <lb/>non ni&longs;i acuta medicamenta lædunt: ea au<lb/>tem celeriter occidunt. </s>

<s id="s.001861">Po&longs;&longs;unt tamen cele<lb/>riter nocere, & tandem interficere. </s>

<s id="s.001862">Sed quæ <lb/>venena clam occidunt & &longs;erò, vt fraus la<lb/>teat, pulmones aut iecur, aut ventriculum <lb/>vexant. </s>

<s id="s.001863">Ventriculum quæ vexant, dolore iu<lb/>gi & pleraque vomitu: quæ pulmones pe<lb/>tierunt tabe ac iu&longs;&longs;i: quæ iecur, &longs;anguinem <lb/>corrumpendo alia regium morbum, non<lb/>nulla hydropem, pleraque febres virulentas <lb/>generando occidunt. </s>

<s id="s.001864">Aliàs &longs;crip&longs;i vno pran<lb/>dio exceptos è tredecim viris in oppido <lb/>Gallarate vndecim, qui venenum biberint <lb/>omnes interii&longs;&longs;e diuer&longs;is temporibus, cum <lb/>quidam etiam Romam interim iui&longs;&longs;ent ac <lb/>redii&longs;&longs;ent. </s>

<s id="s.001865">Delatum ex ea vrbe tam pul<lb/>chrum inuentum fuerat. </s>

<s id="s.001866">Aliàs dicam &longs;igna <lb/>quædam, quibus hominem venenum, licet <lb/>non &longs;entiat, hau&longs;i&longs;&longs;e deprehendemus: nunc <lb/>tamen potiora &longs;ubiiciam. </s>

<s id="s.001867">Ea &longs;unt quinque. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.001868">Primum, cùm odor f&oelig;dus in cibo &longs;entitur: <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg192"/><lb/>vel &longs;i non præ&longs;ente re f&oelig;tida, odor qua&longs;i <lb/>&longs;ecum rem deferat f&oelig;tidam, f&oelig;dus &longs;entia<lb/>tur. </s>

<s id="s.001869">Eadem ratio in horribilibus &longs;aporibus. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.001870">Dolores quoque ab&longs;que manife&longs;ta cau&longs;a vel <lb/>in ventriculo, vel iecore, vel ve&longs;icæ ero&longs;iores <lb/>vel &longs;anguinis &longs;puta repentina, atque &longs;pon<lb/>tanea. </s>

<s id="s.001871">E&longs;t etiam tabes quædam lenta ac exi<lb/>tialis &longs;ignum hau&longs;ti veneni: & coloris totius <lb/>corporis magna mutatio, & immedicabilis. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.001872">Cæterùm non e&longs;t hîc locus de morbis tra<lb/>ctandi, &longs;ed &longs;olùm illud quòd &longs;ubtilius e&longs;t hac <lb/>in di&longs;putatione docendum, quomodo &longs;cili<lb/>cet odore non præ&longs;ente, aut &longs;apore, <expan abbr="vtrunq;">vtrunque</expan> <lb/>&longs;entire contingat, <expan abbr="hócq;">hócque</expan> veneni &longs;it indicium. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.001873">Cau&longs;a e&longs;t, quòd humor melancholicus tales <lb/>&longs;pecies loco obiecti refert: vt etiam in his, <lb/>qui à cane rabido mor&longs;i &longs;unt, circa vi&longs;um er<lb/>rare contingit. </s>

<s id="s.001874">At venena præ&longs;ertim tempo<lb/>ranea humorem hunc atrum generare &longs;o<lb/>lent. </s>

<s id="s.001875">Subit autem dum hæc con&longs;idero dubi<lb/>tatio <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> leuis, quòd cùm multa &longs;int <emph type="italics"/>(<emph.end type="italics"/> vt dixi) <lb/>quæ mortem differre po&longs;&longs;unt in annos, & ta<lb/>men &longs;int venena, ne non aliqua &longs;int, quibus <lb/>vtamur pro cibis, & tamen mortem <expan abbr="afferãt">afferant</expan>, <lb/>licet adeò &longs;erò vt <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> pro venenis <expan abbr="habeãtur">habeantur</expan>. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.001876">Quòd &longs;i talia &longs;int, erunt velut è <expan abbr="fungor&utilde;">fungorum</expan> ge<lb/>nerib. </s>

<s id="s.001877">Quòd cùm tot &longs;int <expan abbr="atq;">atque</expan> diuer&longs;is modis <lb/>affecti, in tam diuer&longs;is ætatibus, <expan abbr="t&etilde;peraturis">temperaturis</expan> <lb/>viuendi in&longs;titutis, artibus, virium robore, oc<lb/>ca&longs;ionibus, <expan abbr="varióq;">varióque</expan> adeò exitu <expan abbr="pereunti&utilde;">pereuntium</expan>, quis <lb/>po&longs;&longs;it animaduertere hanc noxam? </s>

<s id="s.001878">Simili ra<lb/>tione olera <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> agre&longs;tia, quæ fortuitò edi<lb/>mus: <expan abbr="lat&etilde;t">latent</expan> enim quàm multa: & quæ <expan abbr="infici&utilde;-tur">inficiun<lb/>tur</expan> &longs;alamandra ac rubetis, ac &longs;erpentib. </s>

<s id="s.001879">Cha<lb/>mæleon herba &longs;uibus, lupis & murib <expan abbr="præs&etilde;s">præsens</expan> <lb/>venenum, quis nouit an hominibus &longs;it tem<lb/>poraneum? </s>

<s id="s.001880">Nam quæ <expan abbr="noc&etilde;t">nocent</expan>, temporis &longs;patio <lb/>interficere &longs;olent. </s>

<s id="s.001881">Vi&longs;cus certè qui in illius <lb/>radice oritur, <expan abbr="mort&etilde;">mortem</expan> hominibus affert. </s>

<s id="s.001882"><expan abbr="Quæ-cunq;">Quæ<lb/>cunque</expan> autem mortem <expan abbr="præ&longs;ent&etilde;">præ&longs;entem</expan> afferunt, ea &longs;i <lb/>temperata fuerint, veneni temporanei loco <lb/>habenda &longs;unt. </s>

<s id="s.001883">Sunt verò ex his quæ &longs;olo ta<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg193"/><lb/>ctu etiam occidant: nam canis rabidi &longs;puma <lb/>&longs;i in locum aliquo modo vulneratum inci<lb/>dat, vel à quo &longs;ola detracta &longs;it cuticula, occi<lb/>dere &longs;olet: & &longs;cilla cuti illita vexat carnes: & <lb/>cantharides manu retentæ, &longs;anguinis mi<lb/>ctum prouocant: quidquid mirum e&longs;t igitur <lb/>venenum e&longs;&longs;e quod &longs;olo contactu occidat, <expan abbr="t&utilde;">tum</expan> <pb pagenum="398" xlink:href="016/01/047.jpg"/>præ&longs;ertim cum videamus pe&longs;tem quæ ephip<lb/>piis aut tabulæ hæ&longs;erit, hominem occidere, <lb/>qui alteri eorum in&longs;ederit. </s>

<s id="s.001884">Quædam igitur <lb/>vmbra &longs;ola, vt oleander & taxus: quædam <lb/>venenum extinctum olim &longs;u&longs;citant, vt virg&etail; <lb/>corni, aut &longs;anguinariæ, quæ cùm in manu ca<lb/>le&longs;cunt, rabiem in mor&longs;is à cane <expan abbr="atq;">atque</expan> liberatis <lb/>periculo reuocant. </s>

<s id="s.001885">Sanguinariæ <expan abbr="quoq;">quoque</expan> virgis <lb/>cæ&longs;i, tum etiam iumenta, magno incommodo <lb/>affici creduntur. </s>

<s id="s.001886">Feruntur & &longs;erpentes <expan abbr="quidã">quidam</expan> <lb/>occidere, etiam medio contactu ha&longs;tæ, vt <lb/>Matthiolus refert. </s>

<s id="s.001887">Alius cum &longs;uxi&longs;&longs;et vulnus <lb/>à &longs;erpente diui&longs;o illatum, &longs;tatim expirauit. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.001888">Alij odore &longs;olo intereunt, vt qui Senis pu<lb/>plicè à riuali odore &longs;olo oblato occidit. </s>

<s id="s.001889">Mira <lb/>hæc videntur potius quam &longs;int, &longs;eu ad huma<lb/>nam quis re&longs;piciat imbecillitatem, &longs;eu ad in<lb/>genij malefici indu&longs;triam, &longs;eu ad rerum ip<lb/>&longs;arum vim, aut ad modi &longs;ubtilitatem. </s>

<s id="s.001890">Cúm<lb/>que hoc &longs;it præ&longs;entis negotij propo&longs;itum, in <lb/>tribus admirabilioribus exemplis illud nunc <lb/>explicemus. </s>

<s id="s.001891">Occîdunt quædam (vt diximus) <lb/>deuorata &longs;tatim, alia &longs;olo contactu, alia olfa<lb/>ctu: quid mirabilius &longs;it ex his, incertum e&longs;t: <lb/>&longs;ed audi cau&longs;am horum, & perdi&longs;ces. </s>

<s id="s.001892">Si ignis <lb/>&longs;cintilla cor introëat, nonne credis &longs;tatim <lb/>hominem interiturum? </s>

<s id="s.001893">At venenum fiet acu<lb/>tius igne, vt declarabimus, <expan abbr="d&utilde;">dum</expan> de aquis acer<lb/>rimis &longs;ermonem habebimus. </s>

<s id="s.001894">Tale autem po<lb/>tentia, dum in corpore e&longs;t tale actu fit: occi<lb/>dit ergo, inquam, & erit minus decima grani <lb/>triticei parte: nam &longs;cintilla ignis, & pondere, <lb/>& magnitudine, & &longs;ub&longs;tantia minor e&longs;t eius <lb/>grani parte decima. </s>

<s id="s.001895">En vides rem admodum <lb/>miram, quam breui euadat non ob&longs;cura, vel <lb/>dubia, quòd olfactu &longs;olo interimit in cerebri <lb/>penetralia vapor receptus? </s>

<s id="s.001896">cum &longs;ine repagulo <lb/>&longs;it cerebrum, <expan abbr="trahátq;">trahátque</expan> aërem vt cor, illicò &longs;pi<lb/>ritum in cerebri ventriculis contentum peri<lb/>mit <expan abbr="atq;">atque</expan> de&longs;truit. </s>

<s id="s.001897">Nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t autem tale ve<lb/>nenum acutum e&longs;&longs;e. </s>

<s id="s.001898">Memini me quorundam <lb/>olfactu adeò perterritum, vt p&oelig;niteret odo<lb/>ra&longs;&longs;e, <expan abbr="aberántq;">aberántque</expan> tamen plurimum talia à na<lb/>tura veneni. </s>

<s id="s.001899">Contingit hoc in omnib. </s>

<s id="s.001900">quæ <lb/>ignis de&longs;tillatione colliguntur, &longs;i iam &longs;pontè <lb/>calida fuerint. </s>

<s id="s.001901">Quæ verò putrida, periculo <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb/>vacant. </s>

<s id="s.001902">O&longs;ten&longs;um e&longs;t enim, quæ putrida &longs;int <lb/>naturæ no&longs;træ aduer&longs;ari: quæ verò de&longs;tillan<lb/>tur, participem habere vim tum ignis, tum <lb/>&longs;ub&longs;tantiæ, & caloris qui in re qu&etail; de&longs;tillatur <lb/>viget. </s>

<s id="s.001903">Quid mirum e&longs;t igitur, hominem &longs;olo <lb/>olfactu repentè occidi? </s>

<s id="s.001904">E&longs;t tactus etiam expe<lb/>rimentum, <expan abbr="atq;">atque</expan> non tactus, &longs;ed contactus per <lb/>ha&longs;tam, <expan abbr="atq;">atque</expan> hoc, vt verè fatear, difficiliùs ac <lb/>mirabiliùs. </s>

<s id="s.001905">Sed &longs;i quis hæc tria &longs;ibi proponat, <lb/>Metum in plurib. (<expan abbr="neq;">neque</expan> enim omnes æquali<lb/>ter afficiuntur<emph type="italics"/>)<emph.end type="italics"/> & vim torpedinis, quæ retis <lb/>medio hominis manum etiam &longs;tupefacit, & <lb/>&longs;piritum qui ex ore &longs;erpentis exhalat, cum in <lb/>pe&longs;te hoc &longs;olo cernamus multos interire: <expan abbr="col-ligátq;">col<lb/>ligátque</expan> hæc omnia &longs;imul: Multi &longs;olo &longs;piritu <lb/>pernicio&longs;o interiere, multi &longs;olo metu, multi <lb/>contactu retis manuum &longs;tuporem &longs;en&longs;erunt: <lb/>vulnerato &longs;erpente, & metum, & <expan abbr="&longs;pirit&utilde;">&longs;piritum</expan> exi<lb/>tialem, & contactum, mortem <expan abbr="repentinã">repentinam</expan> af<lb/>ferre quid mirum? </s>

<s id="s.001906">quod tamen tam <expan abbr="mir&utilde;">mirum</expan> e&longs;t, <lb/>quam adeò <expan abbr="rar&utilde;">rarum</expan>. </s>

<s id="s.001907">Ergo quæ natura <expan abbr="&longs;põtè">&longs;pontè</expan> fert, <lb/>ars in malis fingendis &longs;olertior <expan abbr="atq;">atque</expan> f&oelig;licior <lb/>perficere pote&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.001908">Sed dices: Cur igitur pauci <lb/>&longs;ic pereunt, non paucæ &longs;unt cau&longs;æ. </s>

<s id="s.001909">Primum <lb/>pauci hoc nolunt: Principes enim odio <expan abbr="hab&etilde;t">habent</expan> <lb/>ea, quib. </s>

<s id="s.001910">& alij in ip&longs;os vti po&longs;&longs;ent. </s>

<s id="s.001911">Pauciores <lb/>etiam &longs;unt, qui &longs;ciant hæc: nec <expan abbr="&longs;api&etilde;tes">&longs;apientes</expan> pe&longs;&longs;i<lb/>mo <expan abbr="ex&etilde;plo">exemplo</expan> vti volunt, nec imperiti <expan abbr="&longs;uffici&utilde;t">&longs;ufficiunt</expan>. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.001912">Adde, quòd tam violentam belluam quis &longs;a<lb/>nus libenter tractet? </s>

<s id="s.001913">Ea <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> nocere <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> po&longs;<lb/>&longs;unt, ni&longs;i copiosè <expan abbr="admini&longs;tr&etilde;tur">admini&longs;trentur</expan>, <expan abbr="omniáq;">omniáque</expan> h&etail;<lb/>reant: at aduer&longs;us hæc <expan abbr="Princip&utilde;">Principum</expan> cautio maxi<lb/>ma e&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.001914">Imminet <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> periculum adeò ingens <lb/>proditoribus &longs;i pateat non &longs;olùm ab his in <lb/>quos moliuntur, &longs;ed & ab his propter quos, <lb/>ne po&longs;t &longs;celus pactum &longs;celeris habeant <expan abbr="te&longs;t&etilde;">te&longs;tem</expan>. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.001915"><expan abbr="Deniq;">Denique</expan> qui vel natura, vel arte bene &longs;unt in<lb/>&longs;tituti, hac &longs;cientia, quæ &longs;olùm e&longs;t ad <expan abbr="homin&utilde;">hominum</expan> <lb/>perniciem, carere volunt. </s>

<s id="s.001916">Ego cùm <expan abbr="admod&utilde;">admodum</expan> <lb/>curio&longs;us fuerim omnium quæ mortali &longs;cire <lb/>liceret, hanc &longs;olam <expan abbr="ignorantiã">ignorantiam</expan> optimæ <expan abbr="&longs;ci&etilde;-tiæ">&longs;cien<lb/>tiæ</expan> e&longs;&longs;e loco duxi: nec quæ&longs;iui vnquam, nec <lb/>&longs;i quis &longs;pontè obtuli&longs;&longs;et, habere volui&longs;&longs;em. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.001917">Quin potius &longs;i quid excogitandum fuerat, ad <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg194"/><lb/>auxilia, & cautionem traduxi. </s>

<s id="s.001918">Auxilium igi<lb/>tur e&longs;t, non hærere loco cuiquam, donec in<lb/>cale&longs;cat manus: lotio frequens partium cum <lb/>aqua tepida: olei <expan abbr="quoq;">quoque</expan> rutacei, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> illius vul<lb/>garis, &longs;ed eius quod <expan abbr="eod&etilde;">eodem</expan> modo <expan abbr="fact&utilde;">factum</expan> &longs;it, quo <lb/>& <expan abbr="&longs;picat&utilde;">&longs;picatum</expan>, & <expan abbr="garyophylat&utilde;">garyophylatum</expan> apud pigmenta<lb/>rios fieri &longs;olet, inunctio. </s>

<s id="s.001919">Dixi <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan>, <expan abbr="ign&etilde;">ignem</expan> loco <lb/>adhibitum omne venenum extinguere: &longs;iqui<lb/>dem ignis venena aliqua extinguit, alia exa<lb/>cuit. </s>

<s id="s.001920">Extinguit &longs;emper, dum loco adhibetur, <lb/>quoniam virtus eius omne humidum tollit. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.001921">Omne <expan abbr="aut&etilde;">autem</expan> &longs;iccum in aliquo humido e&longs;t: vi<lb/>demus enim planè &longs;icca nullas habere vires. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.001922">Sunt <expan abbr="aut&etilde;">autem</expan> planè &longs;icca expertia naturæ mi&longs;to<lb/>rum <expan abbr="atq;">atque</expan> elementorum. </s>

<s id="s.001923">Elementa enim om<lb/>nia (vt dixi) humida. </s>

<s id="s.001924">Mi&longs;tum <expan abbr="aut&etilde;">autem</expan> mi&longs;cetur, <lb/>quia humidum e&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.001925">Ignis igitur exteriùs, & <lb/>quod calidi&longs;&longs;imum e&longs;t intus, omnia venena <lb/>finit. </s>

<s id="s.001926">Sed intus calidi&longs;&longs;ima ip&longs;a venena &longs;unt. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.001927"><expan abbr="Quædã">Quædam</expan> <expan abbr="aut&etilde;">autem</expan> exacuit: <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> Locu&longs;tam opificem <lb/>veneni verberauit Nero, quòd non protinus <lb/>occidi&longs;&longs;et. </s>

<s id="s.001928">Illa iterum coxit (coqui dixerunt, <lb/>quod nunc &longs;ublimari, &longs;eu de&longs;tillari.) Ignis er<lb/>go, &longs;i mi&longs;ceantur, vires tollit, exhalante te<lb/>nuior humido, in quo veneni vis &longs;ita e&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.001929">Sed <lb/>&longs;i pura de&longs;tillentur, aut venena venenis mi&longs;<lb/>ceantur, exacuit venenum: velut in medica<lb/>mentis additur aliquid quod penetret: & <lb/>cùm minuere vim debeat, auget. </s>

<s id="s.001930">Sed ad <lb/>auxilia tran&longs;eamus. </s>

<s id="s.001931">Primum e&longs;t potus the<lb/>riacæ, quæ &longs;i probè confecta &longs;it nemo e&longs;t, <lb/>qui ne&longs;ciat quantum conferat. </s>

<s id="s.001932">Secundum, <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg195"/><lb/>mus quem Moy&longs;is appellant: referunt enim <lb/>ve&longs;ci radice napelli, &longs;eu napellus &longs;it accog<lb/>nitum, &longs;eu aliud quippiam: at de hoc &longs;uo <lb/>loco dicetur. </s>

<s id="s.001933">Quidam non indigni fide, <lb/>vidi&longs;&longs;e &longs;e referunt. </s>

<s id="s.001934">At operæ pretium fue<lb/>rat eos docui&longs;&longs;e, quonam pacto tam paruus <lb/>cùm &longs;it, queat effodere terram: & quàm <lb/>mirabili affectu feratur in eum cibum in <lb/>tanta copia, <expan abbr="facilioréq;">facilioréque</expan> <expan abbr="alim&etilde;ti">alimenti</expan>: & cùm omnia <lb/>animalia illicò e&longs;u acconiti pereant, mus in<lb/>firmior cæteris, paruitate, mollitie, breuitate <lb/>vitæ, & moderatione, a&longs;&longs;ue&longs;cere potuerit tam <lb/>acri veneno. </s>

<s id="s.001935">Si tamen hoc contingat, <expan abbr="de-mõ&longs;tratum">de<lb/>mon&longs;tratum</expan> e&longs;t, omne quod veneno ve&longs;citur, <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e alexipharmacum, &longs;eu illi re&longs;i&longs;tere: opti<lb/>ma erit medicina pro venenis Vnum Affir<lb/>mant deprehen&longs;um e&longs;&longs;e, mu&longs;cas magnas il<lb/>lum edere: quod &longs;i ita e&longs;t, foliis, vel floribus <pb pagenum="399" xlink:href="016/01/048.jpg"/>vtuntur, quorum nullum veneno&longs;um e&longs;t adeò <lb/>vt radix. </s>

<s id="s.001936">Deinde mu&longs;cæ parum habent, nec <lb/>firmiter. </s>

<s id="s.001937">Mi&longs;cent <expan abbr="tam&etilde;">tamen</expan> Lemniæ terræ, & lau<lb/>ri baccis & mithridato mu&longs;cas has 24. nu<lb/>mero, & &longs;alutare conficiunt medicamentum <lb/>pari pondere omnibus &longs;umptis. </s>

<s id="s.001938">Quòd &longs;i non <lb/>aliud <expan abbr="commod&utilde;">commodum</expan> ferat mithridatum, & Lem<lb/>nia terra & baccæ lauri, venenis aduer&longs;antur: <lb/>mu&longs;cæ verò vomitum ciunt. </s>

<s id="s.001939">Sed in mure, &longs;i <lb/><expan abbr="ver&utilde;">verum</expan> &longs;it ve&longs;icco, magna vis erit. </s>

<s id="s.001940">Nihil autem <lb/>prohibet arte parari mures &longs;en&longs;im ad hoc <lb/>perductos cum ca&longs;eo & farina, <expan abbr="iuniperíq;">iuniperíque</expan> ac <lb/>lauris baccis. </s>

<s id="s.001941">Tertium e&longs;t <expan abbr="medicam&etilde;t&utilde;">medicamentum</expan> è &longs;an<lb/>guinibus, maximè ciconiæ. </s>

<s id="s.001942"><expan abbr="Demõ&longs;trand&utilde;">Demon&longs;trandum</expan> e&longs;t <lb/>autem, hoc e&longs;&longs;e &longs;upremum aduer&longs;us venena <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg196"/><lb/><expan abbr="præ&longs;idi&utilde;">præ&longs;idium</expan>. </s>

<s id="s.001943">Omne enim quod ve&longs;citur <expan abbr="alim&etilde;to">alimento</expan>, <lb/>dum integrum e&longs;t <expan abbr="aliment&utilde;">alimentum</expan>, <expan abbr="propriã">propriam</expan> retinet <lb/>vim <expan abbr="atq;">atque</expan> perfectam: cùm verò in <expan abbr="nutriment&utilde;">nutrimentum</expan> <lb/>tran&longs;iuit, <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> acquirit eius quod nutritur. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.001944">Verùm vel &longs;ic aliquid retinet prioris natur&etail;. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.001945">Nam calidiora &longs;unt corpora, quæ ve&longs;cuntur <lb/>auibus, quàm pi&longs;cibus, & aliis quàm lactucis. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.001946">Sed cùm alimentum nutrire debet, in &longs;angui<lb/>nem tran&longs;it medio itinere maior enim muta<lb/>tio e&longs;t à &longs;anguine in &longs;ub&longs;tantiam <expan abbr="membror&utilde;">membrorum</expan>, <lb/>quàm ex alimento in &longs;anguinem, &longs;eu <expan abbr="t&etilde;pus">tempus</expan>, <lb/>&longs;eu differentiam, &longs;eu media con&longs;ideraueris. </s>

<s id="s.001947">Si <lb/>igitur in perfecta mutatione, nec tota vis <lb/>prior aboletur, in dimidio tum &longs;patij, tum <lb/>actionis dimidium virium retinebit. </s>

<s id="s.001948">Sanguis <lb/>igitur gallinæ &longs;erpentium carnibus nutritæ, <lb/>& longè melius ciconiæ ac gruis, quoniam <lb/>natura his aluntur, & <expan abbr="ab&longs;q;">ab&longs;que</expan> corruptione mu<lb/>tantur, medius e&longs;t inter veneni ciconiæ que <lb/>naturam. </s>

<s id="s.001949">Quod verò medium e&longs;t inter vene<lb/>num & naturam no&longs;tram, quæ cum ciconiæ <lb/>natura ideo conuenit, quòd <expan abbr="vtraq;">vtraque</expan> anima e&longs;t, <lb/>&longs;anguineum <expan abbr="atq;">atque</expan> perfectum, alexipharma<lb/>cum e&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.001950">Igitur <expan abbr="medicament&utilde;">medicamentum</expan> ex &longs;anguinib. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.001951">promptè venenis auxiliatur. </s>

<s id="s.001952">Accipere autem <lb/>præ&longs;tat non &longs;olùm ciconias, &longs;ed & anates: <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> <lb/>h&etail; deuorant &longs;corpios ac rubetas. </s>

<s id="s.001953">Accedit alia <lb/>ratio, quòd in ciconiis &longs;anguis talis iam e&longs;t, <lb/>vt non à venenis patiatur: <expan abbr="atq;">atque</expan> ideo &longs;imilem <lb/>in corpore no&longs;tro retinens vim, vt ab illis <lb/>minus patiatur efficit. </s>

<s id="s.001954">Dicemus autem & de <lb/>lapide, & de aliis inferius: &longs;ed quod maxi<lb/>mum e&longs;t, oleum e&longs;t, quod arteriis illitum, ve<lb/>nena curat. </s>

<s id="s.001955">Nec hoc e&longs;t, de quo nuper dixi<lb/>mus, &longs;ed e&longs;t alterius generis. </s>

<s id="s.001956"><margin.target id="marg189"/>Venenum <lb/>quod &longs;tatim <lb/>occidit.</s>

<s id="s.001957"><margin.target id="marg190"/>Venena quæ <lb/>ad tempus <lb/>occidunt.</s>

<s id="s.001958"><margin.target id="marg191"/>Fontis mira <lb/>proprietas.</s>

<s id="s.001959"><margin.target id="marg192"/>Hau&longs;ti tem<lb/>poranei ve<lb/>neni indicia.</s>

<s id="s.001960"><margin.target id="marg193"/>Venena e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>quæ actu &longs;o<lb/>lo occidant.</s>

<s id="s.001961"><margin.target id="marg194"/>Precatio ad<lb/>uer&longs;us vene<lb/>na.</s>

<s id="s.001962"><margin.target id="marg195"/>Mus & mu&longs;<lb/>cæ napelli <lb/>fera.</s>

<s id="s.001963"><margin.target id="marg196"/>Ciconiæ &longs;an<lb/>guinem ve<lb/>neno ad ver<lb/>&longs;ari vehe<lb/>menter de<lb/>mon&longs;tratur.</s>

<s id="s.001964">At po&longs;tquam in hos &longs;ermones incidimus, <lb/>haud abs re e&longs;&longs;e puto illud quærere: quonam <lb/>pacto oleum parari po&longs;&longs;it, quod illitum arte<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg197"/><lb/>riis cogat venenum extrudi vomitu, aut pur<lb/>gatione, vel &longs;udore, vel vrina. </s>

<s id="s.001965">Certum e&longs;t me<lb/>tallicum e&longs;&longs;e oportere, quod <expan abbr="validi&longs;&longs;im&utilde;">validi&longs;&longs;imum</expan> e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>debet. </s>

<s id="s.001966">Vidi ego <expan abbr="quandoq;">quandoque</expan> tale, & &longs;olo pon<lb/>dere quod e&longs;&longs;et metallicum haud dubiè con<lb/>iectaui. </s>

<s id="s.001967">Oportet & ex veneni natura illud <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e: nam immodica caliditate, vt dictum e&longs;t, <lb/>delet prius conceptam malam vim: & &longs;imili<lb/>tudine auocat exteriùs quod nocet, & con<lb/>trarietate pellit. </s>

<s id="s.001968">Oportet & di&longs;cutientem illi <lb/>non paruam ine&longs;&longs;e vim, & rur&longs;us aduer&longs;us <lb/>venena ip&longs;a contrarietatem quandam, quæ <lb/>duo la&longs;eris &longs;ucco conueniunt. </s>

<s id="s.001969">Igitur qu&etail; pro<lb/>pellere venenum debent, metallica e&longs;&longs;e vene<lb/>na nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t: non in acerbi&longs;&longs;ima & calidi&longs;&longs;i<lb/>ma & di&longs;cutientia, & venenis quodammodo <lb/>contraria. </s>

<s id="s.001970">Horum igitur materia his <expan abbr="cõ&longs;tare">con&longs;tare</expan> <lb/>pote&longs;t, My&longs;i & auripigmento, & la&longs;eris &longs;uc<lb/>co, & gentiana, & pinguedine <expan abbr="&longs;erpent&utilde;">&longs;erpentum</expan> ve<lb/>neno&longs;orum, & aconito: quòd &longs;i cuipiam terr&etail; <lb/>ex his plura in&longs;int, detractum oleum vi ignis <lb/>omnium erit pr&etail;&longs;tanti&longs;&longs;imum, &longs;ecuri&longs;&longs;imum, <lb/>& quod vomitu eiicit. </s>

<s id="s.001971">In vniuer&longs;um autem <lb/>metallica e&longs;&longs;e oportet, quæ valida <expan abbr="s&utilde;t">sunt</expan> & qu&etail; <lb/>illinuntur. </s>

<s id="s.001972">Indicio verò terra e&longs;t illa, quam <lb/>circulatores <expan abbr="defer&utilde;t">deferunt</expan> ex Melitea in&longs;ula, aduer<lb/>&longs;us &longs;erpentum mor&longs;us ictu&longs;ve: licet quidam <lb/>experto: dicant &longs;e oleum quod fit è &longs;corpioni<lb/>bus & &longs;ulphuræ, necnon chamælea <expan abbr="hyperi-cóq;">hyperi<lb/>cóque</expan> liberare à venenis illitum, ac pe&longs;te. </s>

<s id="s.001973">Ac<lb/>cipiunt <expan abbr="aut&etilde;">autem</expan> &longs;corpios viuaces <expan abbr="prægrandé&longs;q;">prægrandé&longs;que</expan>, <lb/>Caniculæ <expan abbr="t&etilde;pore">tempore</expan>: <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> tunc hoc animal e&longs;t &longs;ic<lb/>ci&longs;&longs;imum, vt reliqua etiam omnia. </s>

<s id="s.001974">Siccitate <lb/><expan abbr="aut&etilde;">autem</expan> venenum, vt docebimus, in &longs;erpentibus <lb/><expan abbr="cõ&longs;tat">con&longs;tat</expan> Excalefaciunt igitur illos in &longs;artagine <lb/>igni &longs;uperpo&longs;ita donec &longs;udent, <expan abbr="atq;">atque</expan> &longs;ic oleum <lb/>&longs;uperfu&longs;um &longs;udore illorum <expan abbr="cõbibit">combibit</expan>. </s>

<s id="s.001975">Sed & in <lb/>hoc oleo &longs;ulphur metallicum e&longs;t. </s>

<s id="s.001976">Si igitur ex <lb/>Melitea illa terra <expan abbr="ole&utilde;">oleum</expan> excipiatur, abundè vi<lb/>detur aduer&longs;us <expan abbr="pleraq;">pleraque</expan> venena &longs;ufficere: quo<lb/>niam metallica oportet e&longs;&longs;e & veneno præ<lb/>dita, quæ venenis aduer&longs;antur. </s>

<s id="s.001977">Quod enim <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg198"/><lb/>purgat <expan abbr="venen&utilde;">venenum</expan>, <expan abbr="venen&utilde;">venenum</expan> qua&longs;i &longs;ub&longs;tantia e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>oportet: vt <expan abbr="rhabarbar&utilde;">rhabarbarum</expan> cùm <expan abbr="bil&etilde;">bilem</expan> non purgat, <lb/>in illam vertitur. </s>

<s id="s.001978">Hoc autem e&longs;t &longs;ub&longs;tantia <lb/>tale e&longs;te, quòd in id pote&longs;t conuerti. </s>

<s id="s.001979"><margin.target id="marg197"/>Oleum quod <lb/>illitum ve<lb/>nena propul<lb/>lus.</s>

<s id="s.001980"><margin.target id="marg198"/>Explicatio <lb/>&longs;ententiæ <lb/>difficillimæ <lb/>5.de &longs;implici <lb/>medie.c.18.</s>

<s id="s.001981">At verò dubitabit aliquis, quonam pacto <lb/>&longs;ola arteriarum illitione liceat venenum ex<lb/>trudere? </s>

<s id="s.001982">& an hoc &longs;it præ&longs;tanti&longs;&longs;imum? </s>

<s id="s.001983">Her<lb/>cules non dixerim <expan abbr="præ&longs;tanti&longs;&longs;im&utilde;">præ&longs;tanti&longs;&longs;imum</expan> hoc &longs;en&longs;u, <lb/>vt etiam&longs;i præter id des in potu aut theria<lb/>cam, aut lac, aut <expan abbr="&longs;icc&utilde;">&longs;iccum</expan> vomicæ nucis igne de<lb/>cerptum (hic aquam colore, non odore vel &longs;a<lb/>pore imitatur) vel aliud &longs;i quid habes me<lb/>lius, vt quod for&longs;an quidam circulator aduer<lb/>&longs;us venena vendebat antidotum dum hæc <lb/>emendarem, quinetiam melius proficeret. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.001984">Illud benè au&longs;im dicere, illitionem arteria<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg199"/><lb/>rum & admota exterius, e&longs;&longs;e his quæ bibun<lb/>tur præ&longs;tantiora ac validiora: hoc vno dun<lb/>taxat excepto, quòd venenum adhuc in ven<lb/>triculo maneat. </s>

<s id="s.001985">Nam his quæ vomitum va<lb/>lidum prouocant, lac, lixiuium, oleum, aqua <lb/>nucis vomicæ, quam modò &longs;uccum diximus, <lb/>præ&longs;tanti&longs;&longs;ima &longs;unt. </s>

<s id="s.001986">Igitur in mor&longs;ibus ve<lb/>nenatis, in aculeorum ictibus, in vnguentis <lb/>veneno&longs;is, in potu veneni, quod ita ad præ<lb/>cordia penetrauerit, exterius adhibita auxi<lb/>lia validiora &longs;unt. </s>

<s id="s.001987"><expan abbr="Itaq;">Itaque</expan> &longs;olent nonnulli exen<lb/>teratis mulis viuentibus &longs;e immittere: calor <lb/>enim ille auocat exterius venenum, ac illius <lb/>malitiam frangit. </s>

<s id="s.001988">Occîdit etiam venenum vi <lb/>eius ad cor penetrante: at quæ illinuntur, ad <lb/>cor integris fermè facultatibus perueniunt <lb/>ac celerrimè: quæ verò bibuntur, præter id <lb/>quòd &longs;erò penetrant, <expan abbr="morámq;">morámque</expan> trahunt plu<lb/>rimam, in ventriculo primùm, inde in ve<lb/>nis qu&etail; ad iecur, pò&longs;t in iecore, vltimò etiam <lb/>in dextro cordis &longs;inu, adeò retunduntur vi<lb/>ribus, vt vix ve&longs;tigium eo tempore quo ma<lb/>ximas e&longs;&longs;e oportebat, relinquatur. </s>

<s id="s.001989">Er<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg200"/><lb/>go vt in argento viuo, & quo in tracta<lb/>tione de Indica lue actum e&longs;t, &longs;cabies, p&longs;o<lb/>ra, & lues Indica expellitur (quoniam &longs;ub<lb/>tilitate penetrat, caliditate attenuat & <lb/>expellit (praua & noxia caliditate, eadem <lb/>in venenis ratione illita deferuntur per arte-<pb pagenum="400" xlink:href="016/01/049.jpg"/>rias in &longs;ini&longs;trum promptè cordis <expan abbr="ventricul&utilde;">ventriculum</expan>. <lb/></s>

<s id="s.001990">Quòd autem vel &longs;ic totum corpus immutare <lb/>po&longs;&longs;int, humoré&longs;que omnes mouere, mutare, <lb/>eiicere, experimentum in Indica lue o&longs;tendit, <lb/>vbi etiam o&longs;&longs;a &longs;i expediat propellit. </s>

<s id="s.001991">At &longs;erò <lb/>tamen dices: hoc quidem, quia non in tenuis <l