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<?xml version="1.0"?>

<!DOCTYPE archimedes SYSTEM "../dtd/archimedes.dtd" ><archimedes> <info>

<!DOCTYPE archimedes SYSTEM "../dtd/archimedes.dtd">

<author>Boyle, Robert</author>

<title>New experiments physico-mechanicall, touching the spring of the air and its effects</title>

<place>Oxford</place>

<cvs_file>boyle_exper_013_en_1660.xml</cvs_file>

<cvs_version></cvs_version>

<cvs_version/>

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<s><emph type="italics"/>In the fir&longs;t place then: If it be demand<lb/>ed why I publi&longs;h to the World a Letter, which <lb/>by its Stile and diver&longs;e Pa&longs;&longs;ages, appears <lb/>to have been written as well For, as To a <lb/>particular Per&longs;on; I have chiefly the&longs;e two <lb/>things to an&longs;wer: The one, That the Ex<lb/>periments therein related, having been ma<lb/>ny of them try'd in the pre&longs;ence of Ingeni<lb/>ous Men; and by that means having made<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="013/01/006.jpg"/><emph type="italics"/>&longs;ome noi&longs;e among the<emph.end type="italics"/> Virtuo&longs;i (<emph type="italics"/>in&longs;omuch <lb/>that &longs;ome of them have been &longs;ent into Fo<lb/>reign Countries, where they have had the <lb/>luck not to be de&longs;pi&longs;'d) I could not without <lb/>quite tyring more then one<emph.end type="italics"/> Amanuen&longs;is, <emph type="italics"/>give <lb/>out half as many Copies of them as were &longs;o <lb/>earne&longs;tly de&longs;ired, that I could not civilly <lb/>refu&longs;e them. </s>

<s>The other, That intelligent <lb/>Per&longs;ons in matters of this kinde per&longs;waded <lb/>me, that the publication of what I had ob<lb/>&longs;erv'd touching the Nature of the Air, <lb/>would not be u&longs;ele&longs;s to the World; and that <lb/>in an Age &longs;o taken with Novelties as is ours, <lb/>the&longs;e n<gap/>w Experiments would be grateful to <lb/>the Lovers of free and real Learning: So <lb/>that I might at once comply with my grand <lb/>De&longs;ign of promoting Experimental and <lb/>U&longs;eful Philo&longs;ophy, and obtain the great &longs;a<lb/>tisfaction of giving &longs;ome to ingenious Men; <lb/>the hope of which, is, I confe&longs;s, a tempta<lb/>tion that I cannot ca&longs;ily re&longs;i&longs;t.<emph.end type="italics"/></s>

<s>The other, That intelligent <lb/>Per&longs;ons in matters of this kinde per&longs;waded <lb/>me, that the publication of what I had ob<lb/>&longs;erv'd touching the Nature of the Air, <lb/>would not be u&longs;ele&longs;s to the World; and that <lb/>in an Age &longs;o taken with Novelties as is ours, <lb/>the&longs;e new Experiments would be grateful to <lb/>the Lovers of free and real Learning: So <lb/>that I might at once comply with my grand <lb/>De&longs;ign of promoting Experimental and <lb/>U&longs;eful Philo&longs;ophy, and obtain the great &longs;a<lb/>tisfaction of giving &longs;ome to ingenious Men; <lb/>the hope of which, is, I confe&longs;s, a tempta<lb/>tion that I cannot ca&longs;ily re&longs;i&longs;t.<emph.end type="italics"/></s>

<s><emph type="italics"/>Of my being &longs;omewhat prolix in many <lb/>of my Experiments, I have the&longs;e Rea&longs;ons <lb/>to render, That &longs;ome of them being altoge<lb/>ther new, &longs;eem'd to need the being circum<lb/>&longs;tantially related, to keep the Reader from <lb/>di&longs;tru&longs;ting them: That divers Circum<lb/>&longs;tances I did here and there &longs;et down for fear <lb/>of forgetting them, when I may hereafter<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="013/01/007.jpg"/><emph type="italics"/>have occa&longs;ion to make u&longs;e of them in my o<lb/>ther Writings: That in divers ca&longs;es I <lb/>thought it nece&longs;&longs;ary to deliver things cir<lb/>cum&longs;tantially, that the Per&longs;on I addre&longs;&longs;ed <lb/>them to, might without mi&longs;take, and with <lb/>as little trouble as is po&longs;sible, be able to re<lb/>peat &longs;uch unu&longs;ual Experiments: and that <lb/>after I con&longs;ented to let my Ob&longs;ervations be <lb/>made publick, the mo&longs;t ordinary Rea&longs;on of <lb/>my prolixity was, That fore&longs;eeing that &longs;uch <lb/>a trouble as I met with in making tho&longs;e try<lb/>als carefully, and the great expence of time <lb/>that they nece&longs;&longs;arily require, (not to mention <lb/>the charges of making the Engine, and im<lb/>ploying a man to manage it) will probably <lb/>keep mo&longs;t men from trying again the&longs;e Ex<lb/>periments; I thought I might doe the gene<lb/>rality of my Readers no unacceptable pe<gap/>ce <lb/>of &longs;ervice, by &longs;o punctually relating what <lb/>I carefully ob&longs;erv'd, that they may look up<lb/>on the&longs;e Narratives as &longs;tanding Records in <lb/>our new Pneumaticks, and need not reite<lb/>rate them&longs;elves an Experiment to have as <lb/>di&longs;tinct an Idea of it, as may &longs;uffice them <lb/>to ground their Reflections and Speculations <lb/>upon.<emph.end type="italics"/></s>

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<s><emph type="italics"/>There are divers Reflections, and other <lb/>Pa&longs;&longs;ages in the following Epi&longs;tle, and even <lb/>&longs;ome Experiments (occa&longs;ionally mention'd) <lb/>which may &longs;eem either impertinent or &longs;u<lb/>perfluous, but are not &longs;o: Being purpo&longs;ely <lb/>written, either to evince &longs;ome truth oppo&longs;'d, <lb/>or di&longs;prove &longs;ome erroneous conceit main<lb/>tain'd, by &longs;ome eminent New Philo&longs;opher, <lb/>or by &longs;ome other Ingenious Men, who, I <lb/>pre&longs;um'd, would ea&longs;ily forgive me the ha<lb/>ving on &longs;uch occa&longs;ions purpo&longs;ely omitted <lb/>their Names; though an inqui&longs;itive Per&longs;on <lb/>will probably di&longs;cover divers of them, by <lb/>the mention of the Opinions di&longs;prov'd in <lb/>the Experiments I am excu&longs;ing.<emph.end type="italics"/></s>

<s><emph type="italics"/>Ever &longs;ince I di&longs;cern'd the u&longs;efulne&longs;s <lb/>of &longs;peculative Geometry to Natural Phi<lb/>lo&longs;ophy, the unhappy Di&longs;tempers of my Eyes, <lb/>have &longs;o far kept me from being much con<lb/>ver&longs;ant in it, that I fear I &longs;hall need the par<lb/>do<gap/> of my Mathematical Readers, for &longs;ome <lb/>Pa&longs;&longs;ages, which if I had been deeply skill'd <lb/>in Geometry, I &longs;hould have treated more ac<lb/>curately.<emph.end type="italics"/></s><pb xlink:href="013/01/010.jpg"/>

<s><emph type="italics"/>Ever &longs;ince I di&longs;cern'd the u&longs;efulne&longs;s <lb/>of &longs;peculative Geometry to Natural Phi<lb/>lo&longs;ophy, the unhappy Di&longs;tempers of my Eyes, <lb/>have &longs;o far kept me from being much con<lb/>ver&longs;ant in it, that I fear I &longs;hall need the par<lb/>doz of my Mathematical Readers, for &longs;ome <lb/>Pa&longs;&longs;ages, which if I had been deeply skill'd <lb/>in Geometry, I &longs;hould have treated more ac<lb/>curately.<emph.end type="italics"/></s><pb xlink:href="013/01/010.jpg"/>

<s><emph type="italics"/>And indeed, having, for Rea&longs;ons el&longs;e<lb/>where deduc'd, purpo&longs;ely kept my &longs;elf a <lb/>&longs;tranger to mo&longs;t of the new<emph.end type="italics"/> Hypothe&longs;es <emph type="italics"/>in <lb/>Philo&longs;ophy, I am &longs;en&longs;ible enough that the <lb/>Engine I treat of has prevail'd with me to <lb/>write of &longs;ome &longs;ubjects which are &longs;ufficient<lb/>ly remote from tho&longs;e I have been mo&longs;t con<lb/>ver&longs;ant in. </s>

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<s><emph type="italics"/>that I &longs;uffer this Treati&longs;e to come abroad <lb/>into the World with a multitude of Di&longs;ad<lb/>vantages.<emph.end type="italics"/></s>

<s><emph type="italics"/>But if it be demanded, why then I did <lb/>not make it f<gap/>ter for the Pre&longs;s before I &longs;ent <lb/>it thither? </s>

<s><emph type="italics"/>But if it be demanded, why then I did <lb/>not make it fitter for the Pre&longs;s before I &longs;ent <lb/>it thither? </s>

<s>my An&longs;wer mu&longs;t be, That not <lb/>at fir&longs;t imagining that this &longs;ort of Experi<lb/>ments would prove any thing near &longs;o trouble<lb/>&longs;ome, either to make, or to Record, as I <lb/>afterwards found them, I did, to engage <lb/>the Printer to di&longs;patch, promi&longs;e him to &longs;end <lb/>him the whole Epi&longs;tle in a very &longs;hort time: <lb/>So that although now and then the occa&longs;ional <lb/>vacations of the Pre&longs;s, by rea&longs;on of Fe&longs;ti-<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="013/01/013.jpg"/><emph type="italics"/>vals, or the ab&longs;ence of the Corrector, gave <lb/>me the lei&longs;ure to ex&longs;paciate upon &longs;ome &longs;ub<lb/>ject; yet being oftentimes call'd upon to di&longs;<lb/>patch the Papers to the Pre&longs;s, my promi&longs;e, <lb/>and many unexpected Avocations, obliged <lb/>me to a ha&longs;te, which, though it have detract<lb/>ed nothing from the Faithfulne&longs;s of the <lb/>Hi&longs;torical part of our Book, has (I fear) <lb/>been di&longs;advantageous enough to all the re&longs;t. <lb/></s>

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<s><emph type="italics"/>The<emph.end type="italics"/> 37<emph type="sup"/>th<emph.end type="sup"/> E<emph type="italics"/>xperiment, touching the &longs;trange <lb/>and odde<emph.end type="italics"/> Phænomenon, <emph type="italics"/>of the &longs;udden fla&longs;h<lb/>es of light in the cavity of the Receiver; the <lb/>&longs;everal circum&longs;tances and difficulties of it,<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="013/01/032.jpg"/><emph type="italics"/>with &longs;ome attempts towards the rendering at rea&longs;on <lb/>thereof,<emph.end type="italics"/> 301, &c. <emph type="italics"/>The Difficulty of &longs;o doing fnr<lb/>ther &longs;hewn from the con&longs;ideration of the various <lb/>changes of Air which doe not immediatly fall un<lb/>der our &longs;en&longs;es,<emph.end type="italics"/> 315. <emph type="italics"/>this la&longs;t propo&longs;ition prou'd <lb/>by &longs;everall ob&longs;ervations.<emph.end type="italics"/> 316. </s>

<s><emph type="italics"/>The<emph.end type="italics"/> 38. <emph type="italics"/>Experiment, touching the freezing of <lb/>water,<emph.end type="italics"/> 319. &c. <emph type="italics"/>Aproblem, (concerning the great <lb/>force wherewith a freezing Liquor extends its &longs;<gap/>lfe,) <lb/>propo&longs;'d upon the Con&longs;ideration of divers admirable <lb/>effects wrought thereby.<emph.end type="italics"/> 320 &c. </s>

<s><emph type="italics"/>The<emph.end type="italics"/> 38. <emph type="italics"/>Experiment, touching the freezing of <lb/>water,<emph.end type="italics"/> 319. &c. <emph type="italics"/>Aproblem, (concerning the great <lb/>force wherewith a freezing Liquor extends its &longs;elfe,) <lb/>propo&longs;'d upon the Con&longs;ideration of divers admirable <lb/>effects wrought thereby.<emph.end type="italics"/> 320 &c. </s>

<s><emph type="italics"/>The<emph.end type="italics"/> 39. <emph type="italics"/>Experiment, containing an inqui&longs;ition <lb/>after the temperature of the &longs;ub&longs;tance that remain'd <lb/>in the cavity of the Receiver, after the Air was well <lb/>exhau&longs;ted. </s>

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<s>REceiving in your la&longs;t from <lb/><emph type="italics"/>Paris,<emph.end type="italics"/> a de&longs;ire that I would <lb/>adde &longs;ome more Experi<lb/>ments to tho&longs;e I formerly <lb/>&longs;ent You over: I could not <lb/>be &longs;o much your Servant as I am, without <lb/>looking upon that De&longs;ire as a Com<lb/>mand; and con&longs;equently, without think<lb/>ing my &longs;elf obliged to con&longs;ider by what <lb/>&longs;ort of Experiments it might the mo&longs;t ac<lb/>ceptably be obey'd. </s>

<s>And at the &longs;ame <pb xlink:href="013/01/042.jpg" pagenum="2"/>time, perceiving by Letters from &longs;ome <lb/>other Ingenious Per&longs;ons at <emph type="italics"/>Paris,<emph.end type="italics"/> that &longs;e<lb/>veral of the <emph type="italics"/>Virtuo&longs;i<emph.end type="italics"/> there, were very <lb/>intent upon the examination of the Inte<lb/>re&longs;t of the Ayr, in hindring the de&longs;cent <lb/>of the Quick-&longs;ilver, in the famous Expe<lb/>riment touching a <emph type="italics"/>Vacuum:<emph.end type="italics"/> I thought I <lb/>could not comply with your De&longs;ires in a <lb/>more fit and &longs;ea&longs;onable manner, then by <lb/>pro&longs;ecuting and endeavoring to promote <lb/>that noble Experiment of <emph type="italics"/>Torricell<gap/>s:<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>and by pre&longs;enting your Lord&longs;hip an ac<lb/>count of my attempts to illu&longs;trate a &longs;ub<lb/>ject, about which, it's being &longs;o much di&longs;<lb/>cour&longs;'d of where you are, together with <lb/>your inbred Curio&longs;ity, and love of Ex<lb/>perimental Learning, made me &longs;uppo&longs;e <lb/>you &longs;ufficiently inqui&longs;itive. </s>

<s>And at the &longs;ame <pb xlink:href="013/01/042.jpg" pagenum="2"/>time, perceiving by Letters from &longs;ome <lb/>other Ingenious Per&longs;ons at <emph type="italics"/>Paris,<emph.end type="italics"/> that &longs;e<lb/>veral of the <emph type="italics"/>Virtuo&longs;i<emph.end type="italics"/> there, were very <lb/>intent upon the examination of the Inte<lb/>re&longs;t of the Ayr, in hindring the de&longs;cent <lb/>of the Quick-&longs;ilver, in the famous Expe<lb/>riment touching a <emph type="italics"/>Vacuum:<emph.end type="italics"/> I thought I <lb/>could not comply with your De&longs;ires in a <lb/>more fit and &longs;ea&longs;onable manner, then by <lb/>pro&longs;ecuting and endeavoring to promote <lb/>that noble Experiment of <emph type="italics"/>Torricellius:<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>and by pre&longs;enting your Lord&longs;hip an ac<lb/>count of my attempts to illu&longs;trate a &longs;ub<lb/>ject, about which, it's being &longs;o much di&longs;<lb/>cour&longs;'d of where you are, together with <lb/>your inbred Curio&longs;ity, and love of Ex<lb/>perimental Learning, made me &longs;uppo&longs;e <lb/>you &longs;ufficiently inqui&longs;itive. </s>

<s>And though I pretend not to acquaint <lb/>you, on this occa&longs;ion, with any &longs;tore of <lb/>new Di&longs;coveries yet po&longs;&longs;ibly I &longs;hall be &longs;o <lb/>happy, as to a&longs;&longs;i&longs;t you to <emph type="italics"/>know<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;omethings <lb/>which you did formerly but <emph type="italics"/>&longs;uppo&longs;e;<emph.end type="italics"/> and <lb/>&longs;hall pre&longs;ent you, if not with new Theo<lb/>ries, at lea&longs;t with new <emph type="italics"/>Proofs<emph.end type="italics"/> of &longs;uch as <lb/>are not yet become unque&longs;tionable. </s>

<s>And <lb/>if what I &longs;hall deliver, have the good for<lb/>tune to encourage and a&longs;&longs;i&longs;t you to pro&longs;e<lb/>cute the Hints it will afford, I &longs;hall ac-<pb xlink:href="013/01/043.jpg" pagenum="3"/>count my &longs;elf, in paying of a duty to <lb/>you, to have done a piece of Service to <lb/>the Commonwealth of Learning. </s>

<s>Since <lb/>it may highly conduce to the advance<lb/>ment of that Experimental Philo&longs;ophy, <lb/>the effectual pur&longs;uit of which, requires <lb/>as well a Pur&longs;e as a <gap/>in, to endeere it <lb/>to <emph type="italics"/>hopeful<emph.end type="italics"/> Per&longs;ons of your Quality: who <lb/>may accompli&longs;h many things which o<lb/>thers can but <emph type="italics"/>wi&longs;h<emph.end type="italics"/> or, at mo&longs;t, but <emph type="italics"/>de&longs;ign,<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>by being able to imploy the Pre&longs;ents of <lb/>Fortune in the &longs;earch of the My&longs;teries of <lb/>Nature. </s>

<s>Since <lb/>it may highly conduce to the advance<lb/>ment of that Experimental Philo&longs;ophy, <lb/>the effectual pur&longs;uit of which, requires <lb/>as well a Pur&longs;e as a Brain, to endeere it <lb/>to <emph type="italics"/>hopeful<emph.end type="italics"/> Per&longs;ons of your Quality: who <lb/>may accompli&longs;h many things which o<lb/>thers can but <emph type="italics"/>wi&longs;h<emph.end type="italics"/> or, at mo&longs;t, but <emph type="italics"/>de&longs;ign,<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>by being able to imploy the Pre&longs;ents of <lb/>Fortune in the &longs;earch of the My&longs;teries of <lb/>Nature. </s>

<s>And I am not faintly induc'd to make <lb/>choice of this Subject, rather then any <lb/>of the expected Chymical ones, to enter<lb/>tain your Lord&longs;hip upon, by the&longs;e two <lb/>Con&longs;iderations: The one, That the Ayr <lb/>being &longs;o nece&longs;&longs;ary to humane Life, that <lb/>not onely the generality of Men, but <lb/>mo&longs;t other Creatures that breath, can<lb/>not live many <emph type="italics"/>minutes<emph.end type="italics"/> without it; any <lb/>con&longs;iderable di&longs;covery of its Nature, <lb/>&longs;eems likely to prove of moment to <lb/>Man-kinde. </s>

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<s>And I &longs;hould immediately proceed to <lb/>the mention of my Experiments, but that <lb/>I like too well that worthy &longs;aying of the <lb/>Naturali&longs;t <emph type="italics"/>Pliny, Benignum e&longs;t<emph.end type="italics"/></s>

<s><arrow.to.target n="marg1"></arrow.to.target><lb/><emph type="italics"/>& plenum ingenui pudor is, fateri <lb/>per quos profeceris,<emph.end type="italics"/> not to con<lb/>form to it, by acquainting your Lord-<pb xlink:href="013/01/045.jpg" pagenum="5"/>&longs;hip, in the fir&longs;t place, with the Hint I <lb/>had of the Engine I am to entertain you <lb/>of. </s>

<s><arrow.to.target n="marg1"/><lb/><emph type="italics"/>& plenum ingenui pudor is, fateri <lb/>per quos profeceris,<emph.end type="italics"/> not to con<lb/>form to it, by acquainting your Lord-<pb xlink:href="013/01/045.jpg" pagenum="5"/>&longs;hip, in the fir&longs;t place, with the Hint I <lb/>had of the Engine I am to entertain you <lb/>of. </s>

<s>You may be plea&longs;'d to remember, <lb/>that a while before our &longs;eparation in <emph type="italics"/>Eng<lb/>land,<emph.end type="italics"/> I told you of a Book that I had <lb/>heard of, but not peru&longs;'d, publi&longs;h'd by <lb/>the indu&longs;trious Je&longs;uit <emph type="italics"/>Schottus,<emph.end type="italics"/> wherein <lb/>'twas &longs;aid, He related how that ingenious <lb/>Gentleman <emph type="italics"/>Otto Gericke,<emph.end type="italics"/> Con&longs;ul of <emph type="italics"/>Mag<lb/>deburg,<emph.end type="italics"/> had lately practiced in <emph type="italics"/>Germany<emph.end type="italics"/> a <lb/>way of emptying Gla&longs;s Ve&longs;&longs;els, by &longs;uck<lb/>ing out the Ayr at the mouth of the Ve&longs;<lb/>&longs;el, plung'd under water: And you may <lb/>al&longs;o perhaps remember, that I expre&longs;&longs;'d <lb/>my &longs;elf much delighted with this Expe<lb/>riment, &longs;ince thereby the great force of <lb/>the external Air (either ru&longs;hing in at the <lb/>open'd Orifice of the empty'd Ve&longs;&longs;el, or <lb/>violently forcing up the Water into it) <lb/>was rendred more obvious and con&longs;picu<lb/>ous, than in any Experiment that I had <lb/>formerly &longs;een. </s>

<s>And though it may appear <lb/>by &longs;ome of tho&longs;e Writings I &longs;ometimes <lb/>fhew'd your Lord&longs;hip, that I had been &longs;ol<lb/>licitous to try things upon the &longs;ame <lb/>ground; yet in regard this Gentleman <lb/>was before-hand with me in producing <lb/>&longs;uch con&longs;iderable effects, by means of the <lb/>ex&longs;uction of Air, I think my &longs;elf oblig'd <pb xlink:href="013/01/046.jpg" pagenum="6"/>to acknowledge the A&longs;&longs;i&longs;tance, and En<lb/>couragement the Report of his perfor<lb/>mances hath afforded me. </s>

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<s>For till your further Commands &longs;hall en<lb/>gage me to undertake, by Gods permi&longs;<lb/>&longs;ion, &longs;uch an Employment, and more lea<lb/>&longs;ure &longs;hall better fit me for it, I know not <lb/>whether I &longs;hall be in a condition to try <lb/>what may be done, to enable me to give <lb/>you &longs;ome account of the other &longs;ort of <lb/>Experiments al&longs;o. </s><pb xlink:href="013/01/060.jpg" pagenum="20"/>

<s>TO proceed now to the <emph type="italics"/>Phænomena,<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg2"></arrow.to.target><lb/>exhibited to us by the Engine above <lb/>de&longs;cribed; I hold it not unfit to begin <lb/>with what does con&longs;tantly and regularly <lb/>offer it &longs;elf to our ob&longs;ervation, as depend<lb/>ing upon the Fabrick of the Engine it &longs;elf, <lb/>and not upon the nature of this or that <lb/>particular Experiment which 'tis employ<lb/>ed to try. </s>

<s>TO proceed now to the <emph type="italics"/>Phænomena,<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg2"/><lb/>exhibited to us by the Engine above <lb/>de&longs;cribed; I hold it not unfit to begin <lb/>with what does con&longs;tantly and regularly <lb/>offer it &longs;elf to our ob&longs;ervation, as depend<lb/>ing upon the Fabrick of the Engine it &longs;elf, <lb/>and not upon the nature of this or that <lb/>particular Experiment which 'tis employ<lb/>ed to try. </s>

<s><margin.target id="marg2"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Experi<lb/>ment<emph.end type="italics"/> 1.</s>

<s><margin.target id="marg2"/><emph type="italics"/>Experi<lb/>ment<emph.end type="italics"/> 1.</s>

<s>Fir&longs;t, Then upon the drawing down <lb/>of the Sucker, (the Valve being &longs;hut) the <lb/>Cylindrical &longs;pace, de&longs;erted by the Sucker, <lb/>is left de void of Air; and therefore, up<lb/>on the turning of the Key, the Air con<lb/>tained in the Receiver ru&longs;hes into the em<lb/>ptyed Cylinder, till the Air in both tho&longs;e <lb/>Ve&longs;&longs;els be brought to about an equal <lb/>mea&longs;ure of dilatation. </s>

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<s>Taking it then for granted that the Air <lb/>is not deyoid of weight, it will not be <lb/>unea&longs;ie to conceive, that that part of the <lb/>Atmo&longs;phere wherein we live, being the <lb/>lower part of it, the Corpu&longs;cles that com<lb/>po&longs;e it, are very much compre&longs;&longs;'d by the <lb/>weight of all tho&longs;e of the like nature that <lb/>are directly over them, that is, of all the <lb/>Particles of Air, that being pil'd up up<lb/>on them, reach to the top of the Atmo&longs;<lb/>phere. </s>

<s>And though the height of this <lb/>Atmo&longs;phere, according to the famous <lb/><emph type="italics"/>Kepler,<emph.end type="italics"/> and &longs;ome others, &longs;carce exceeds <lb/>eight common miles; yet other eminent <lb/>and later A&longs;tronomers, would promote <lb/>the confines of the Atmo&longs;phere, to ex<lb/>ceed &longs;ix or &longs;even times t<gap/> number of <lb/>miles. </s>

<s>And the diligent and learned <pb xlink:href="013/01/071.jpg" pagenum="31"/><emph type="italics"/>Riviolo<emph.end type="italics"/> makes it probable, that the At<lb/>mo&longs;phere may, at lea&longs;t in divers places, be <lb/>at lea&longs;t 50 miles high. </s>

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<s>Thus the Corpu&longs;cles of that Air we have <lb/>been all this while &longs;peaking of, being un<lb/>able, by rea&longs;on of their weight, to a&longs;cend <lb/>above the Convexity of the Atmo&longs;phere, <lb/>and by rea&longs;on of the re&longs;i&longs;tance of the &longs;ur<lb/>face of the Earth and Water, to fall down <lb/>lower, they are forced, by their own gra<lb/>vity and this re&longs;i&longs;tance, to expand and <pb xlink:href="013/01/075.jpg" pagenum="35"/>diffu&longs;e them&longs;elves about the Terre&longs;tial <lb/>Globe; whereby it comes to pa&longs;s, that <lb/>they mu&longs;t as well pre&longs;s the contiguous <lb/>Corpu&longs;cles of Air that on either &longs;ide op<lb/>po&longs;e their Dilatation, as they mu&longs;t pre&longs;s <lb/>upon the &longs;urface of the Earth, and, as it <lb/>were recoyling thence, endeavor to thru&longs;t <lb/>away tho&longs;e upper particles of Air that <lb/>lean upon them. </s>

<s>And as for the ea&longs;ie yielding of the Air <lb/>to the Bodies that move in it, if we con<lb/>&longs;ider that the Corpu&longs;cles whereof it con<lb/>&longs;i&longs;ts, though of a &longs;pringy nature, are yet <lb/>&longs;o very &longs;mall, as to make up (which 'tis <lb/>manife&longs;t they doe) a fluid Body, it will <lb/>not be difficult to conceive, that in the <lb/>Air, as in other Bodies that are fluid, the <lb/>little Bodies it con&longs;i&longs;ts of are in an almo&longs;t <lb/>re&longs;tle&longs;s motion, whereby they become <lb/>(as we have more fully di&longs;cour&longs;ed in ano<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg3"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ther Treati&longs;e) very much di&longs;po&longs;ed to <lb/>yield to other Bodies, or ea&longs;ie to be di&longs;<lb/>plac'd by them, and that the &longs;ame Cor<lb/>pu&longs;cles are likewi&longs;e &longs;o variou&longs;ly mov'd, as <lb/>they are intire Corpu&longs;cles, that if &longs;ome <lb/>&longs;trive to pu&longs;h a Body plac'd among them <lb/>towards the right hand (for in&longs;tance) <lb/>others, who&longs;e motion has an oppo&longs;ite de<lb/>termination, as &longs;trongly thru&longs;t the &longs;ame <pb xlink:href="013/01/076.jpg" pagenum="36"/>Body towards the left; whereby neither <lb/>of them proves able to move it out of <lb/>its place, the pre&longs;&longs;ure on all hands being <lb/>reduced as it were to an <emph type="italics"/>Æquilibrium:<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;o <lb/>that the Corpu&longs;cles of the Air mu&longs;t be as <lb/>well &longs;ometimes con&longs;idered under the no<lb/>tion of little Springs, which remaining <lb/>bent, are in their entire bulk tran&longs;ported <lb/>from place to place; as under the notion <lb/>of Springs di&longs;playing them&longs;elves, who&longs;e <lb/>parts flie abroad whil&longs;t as to their entire <lb/>bulk they &longs;carce change place: As the <lb/>two ends of a Bow, &longs;hot off, fly from one <lb/>another, whereas the Bow it &longs;elf may be <lb/>held fa&longs;t in the Archers hand; and that it <lb/>is the equal pre&longs;&longs;ure of the Air on all &longs;ides <lb/>upon the Bodies that are in it, which cau<lb/>&longs;es the ea&longs;ie Ce&longs;&longs;ion of its parts, may be <lb/>argu'd from hence: That if by the help <lb/>of our Engine the Air be but in great <lb/>part, though not totally drawn away <lb/>from one &longs;ide of a Body without being <lb/>drawn away from the other; he that &longs;hall <lb/>think to move that Body too and fro, as <lb/>ea&longs;ily as before, will finde him&longs;elf much <lb/>mi&longs;taken. </s>

<s>And as for the ea&longs;ie yielding of the Air <lb/>to the Bodies that move in it, if we con<lb/>&longs;ider that the Corpu&longs;cles whereof it con<lb/>&longs;i&longs;ts, though of a &longs;pringy nature, are yet <lb/>&longs;o very &longs;mall, as to make up (which 'tis <lb/>manife&longs;t they doe) a fluid Body, it will <lb/>not be difficult to conceive, that in the <lb/>Air, as in other Bodies that are fluid, the <lb/>little Bodies it con&longs;i&longs;ts of are in an almo&longs;t <lb/>re&longs;tle&longs;s motion, whereby they become <lb/>(as we have more fully di&longs;cour&longs;ed in ano<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg3"/><lb/>ther Treati&longs;e) very much di&longs;po&longs;ed to <lb/>yield to other Bodies, or ea&longs;ie to be di&longs;<lb/>plac'd by them, and that the &longs;ame Cor<lb/>pu&longs;cles are likewi&longs;e &longs;o variou&longs;ly mov'd, as <lb/>they are intire Corpu&longs;cles, that if &longs;ome <lb/>&longs;trive to pu&longs;h a Body plac'd among them <lb/>towards the right hand (for in&longs;tance) <lb/>others, who&longs;e motion has an oppo&longs;ite de<lb/>termination, as &longs;trongly thru&longs;t the &longs;ame <pb xlink:href="013/01/076.jpg" pagenum="36"/>Body towards the left; whereby neither <lb/>of them proves able to move it out of <lb/>its place, the pre&longs;&longs;ure on all hands being <lb/>reduced as it were to an <emph type="italics"/>Æquilibrium:<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;o <lb/>that the Corpu&longs;cles of the Air mu&longs;t be as <lb/>well &longs;ometimes con&longs;idered under the no<lb/>tion of little Springs, which remaining <lb/>bent, are in their entire bulk tran&longs;ported <lb/>from place to place; as under the notion <lb/>of Springs di&longs;playing them&longs;elves, who&longs;e <lb/>parts flie abroad whil&longs;t as to their entire <lb/>bulk they &longs;carce change place: As the <lb/>two ends of a Bow, &longs;hot off, fly from one <lb/>another, whereas the Bow it &longs;elf may be <lb/>held fa&longs;t in the Archers hand; and that it <lb/>is the equal pre&longs;&longs;ure of the Air on all &longs;ides <lb/>upon the Bodies that are in it, which cau<lb/>&longs;es the ea&longs;ie Ce&longs;&longs;ion of its parts, may be <lb/>argu'd from hence: That if by the help <lb/>of our Engine the Air be but in great <lb/>part, though not totally drawn away <lb/>from one &longs;ide of a Body without being <lb/>drawn away from the other; he that &longs;hall <lb/>think to move that Body too and fro, as <lb/>ea&longs;ily as before, will finde him&longs;elf much <lb/>mi&longs;taken. </s>

<s><margin.target id="marg3"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>In a Di&longs;<lb/>cour&longs;e <lb/>touching <lb/>&longs;luidity <lb/>and firm<lb/>ne&longs;s.<emph.end type="italics"/></s>

<s><margin.target id="marg3"/><emph type="italics"/>In a Di&longs;<lb/>cour&longs;e <lb/>touching <lb/>&longs;luidity <lb/>and firm<lb/>ne&longs;s.<emph.end type="italics"/></s>

<s>In verification of which we will, to di<lb/>vert your Lord&longs;hip a little, mention here <lb/>a <emph type="italics"/>Phænomenon<emph.end type="italics"/> of our Engine, which even <pb xlink:href="013/01/077.jpg" pagenum="37"/>to divers ingenious per&longs;ons has at fir&longs;t <lb/>&longs;ight &longs;eem'd very wonderful. </s>

<s>THe thing that is wont to be admired, <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg4"></arrow.to.target><lb/>and which may pa&longs;s for our &longs;econd <lb/>Experiment is this, That if, when the <lb/>Receiver is almo&longs;t empty, a By-&longs;tander <lb/>be de&longs;ired to lift up the bra&longs;s Key (former<lb/>ly de&longs;cribed as a &longs;topple in the bra&longs;s Co<lb/>ver) he will finde it a very difficult thing <lb/>to do &longs;o, if the Ve&longs;&longs;el be well exhau&longs;ted; <lb/>and even when but a moderate quantity of <lb/>Air has been drawn out, he will, when he <lb/>has lifted it up a little, &longs;o that it is &longs;ome<lb/>what loo&longs;e from the &longs;ides of the lip or <lb/>&longs;ocket, which (with the help of a little <lb/>oyl) it exactly filled before, he will (I &longs;ay) <lb/>finde it &longs;o difficult to be lifted up, that <lb/>he will imagine there is &longs;ome great weight <lb/>fa&longs;tned to the bottom of it. </s>

<s>THe thing that is wont to be admired, <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg4"/><lb/>and which may pa&longs;s for our &longs;econd <lb/>Experiment is this, That if, when the <lb/>Receiver is almo&longs;t empty, a By-&longs;tander <lb/>be de&longs;ired to lift up the bra&longs;s Key (former<lb/>ly de&longs;cribed as a &longs;topple in the bra&longs;s Co<lb/>ver) he will finde it a very difficult thing <lb/>to do &longs;o, if the Ve&longs;&longs;el be well exhau&longs;ted; <lb/>and even when but a moderate quantity of <lb/>Air has been drawn out, he will, when he <lb/>has lifted it up a little, &longs;o that it is &longs;ome<lb/>what loo&longs;e from the &longs;ides of the lip or <lb/>&longs;ocket, which (with the help of a little <lb/>oyl) it exactly filled before, he will (I &longs;ay) <lb/>finde it &longs;o difficult to be lifted up, that <lb/>he will imagine there is &longs;ome great weight <lb/>fa&longs;tned to the bottom of it. </s>

<s>And if (as <lb/>&longs;ometimes has been done for merriment) <lb/>onely a Bladder be tyed to it, it is plea<lb/>&longs;ant to &longs;ee how men will marvail that &longs;o <lb/>light a Body, filled at mo&longs;t but with Air, <lb/>&longs;hould &longs;o forcibly draw down their hand <lb/>as if it were fill'd with &longs;ome very ponder<lb/>ous thing: whereas the cau&longs;e of this pret<lb/>ty <emph type="italics"/>Phænomenon<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;eems plainly enough to <pb xlink:href="013/01/078.jpg" pagenum="38"/>be onely this, That the Air in the Recei<lb/>ver, being very much dilated, its Spring <lb/>mu&longs;t be very much weakn'd, and con&longs;e<lb/>quently it can but faintly pre&longs;s up the <lb/>lower end of the &longs;topple, whereas the <lb/>Spring of the external Air being no way <lb/>debilitated, he that a little lifts up the <lb/>&longs;topple mu&longs;t with his hand &longs;upport a pre&longs;<lb/>&longs;ure equal to the di&longs;proportion betwixt <lb/>the force of the internal expanded Air, and <lb/>that of the Atmo&longs;phere incumbent upon <lb/>the upper part of the &longs;ame key or &longs;topple: <lb/>And &longs;o men being unu&longs;'d to finde any re<lb/>&longs;i&longs;tance, in lifting things up, from the <lb/>free Air above them, they are forward to <lb/>conclude that that which depre&longs;&longs;es their <lb/>hands mu&longs;t needs be &longs;ome weight, though <lb/>they know not where plac'd, drawing be<lb/>neath it. </s>

<s><margin.target id="marg4"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Experi<lb/>ment<emph.end type="italics"/> 2.</s>

<s><margin.target id="marg4"/><emph type="italics"/>Experi<lb/>ment<emph.end type="italics"/> 2.</s>

<s>And that we have not mi&longs;-a&longs;&longs;ign'd the <lb/>cau&longs;e of this <emph type="italics"/>Phænomenon<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;eems evident <lb/>enough by this; That as Air is &longs;uffer<lb/>ed by little and little to get into the Re<lb/>ceiver, the weight that a man fancies his <lb/>hand &longs;upports is manife&longs;tly felt to decrea&longs;e <lb/>more and more, the internal Air by this <lb/>recruit approaching more to an <emph type="italics"/>Æquili<lb/>brium<emph.end type="italics"/> with the external, till at length the <lb/>Receiver growing again full of Air, the <pb xlink:href="013/01/079.jpg" pagenum="39"/>&longs;topple may be lifted up without any dif<lb/>ficulty at all. </s>

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<s>But that, if the <lb/>pre&longs;&longs;ure of the ambient Air were remov'd, <lb/>the internal Air may be able to break <lb/>thicker Gla&longs;&longs;es then tho&longs;e lately men<lb/>tion'd, will appear by &longs;ome of the follow<lb/>ing Experiments; to which we &longs;hall there<lb/>fore now ha&longs;ten, having, I fear, been but <lb/>too prolix in this Excur&longs;ion, though we <lb/>thought it not ami&longs;s to annex to our fir&longs;t <lb/>Experiments &longs;ome general Con&longs;iderati<lb/>ons touching the Spring of the Air, be<lb/>cau&longs;e (this Doctrine being yet a &longs;tranger <lb/>to the Schools) not onely we finde not <lb/>the thing it &longs;elf to be much taken notice <lb/>of; but of tho&longs;e few that have heard of it, <lb/>the greater part have been forward to re<lb/>ject it, upon a mi&longs;taken Per&longs;wa&longs;ion, that <lb/>tho&longs;e <emph type="italics"/>Phænomena<emph.end type="italics"/> are the effects of natures <lb/>abhorrency of a <emph type="italics"/>Vacuum,<emph.end type="italics"/> which &longs;eem to <lb/>be more fitly a&longs;cribeable to the weight <lb/>and Spring of the Air. </s><pb xlink:href="013/01/082.jpg" pagenum="42"/>

<s>WE will now proceed to ob&longs;erve that <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg5"></arrow.to.target><lb/>though, by the help of the handle, <lb/>the Sucker be ea&longs;ily drawn down to the <lb/>bottom of the Cylinder; yet, without <lb/>the help of that Leaver, there would be <lb/>required to the &longs;ame effect, a force or <lb/>weight great enough to &longs;urmount the <lb/>pre&longs;&longs;ure of the whole Atmo&longs;phere: Since <lb/>otherwi&longs;e the Air would not be driven out <lb/>of its place, when none is permitted to <lb/>&longs;ucceed into the place de&longs;erted by the <lb/>Sucker. </s>

<s>WE will now proceed to ob&longs;erve that <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg5"/><lb/>though, by the help of the handle, <lb/>the Sucker be ea&longs;ily drawn down to the <lb/>bottom of the Cylinder; yet, without <lb/>the help of that Leaver, there would be <lb/>required to the &longs;ame effect, a force or <lb/>weight great enough to &longs;urmount the <lb/>pre&longs;&longs;ure of the whole Atmo&longs;phere: Since <lb/>otherwi&longs;e the Air would not be driven out <lb/>of its place, when none is permitted to <lb/>&longs;ucceed into the place de&longs;erted by the <lb/>Sucker. </s>

<s>This &longs;eems evident, from the <lb/>known <emph type="italics"/>Torricellian<emph.end type="italics"/> Experiment, in which, <lb/>if the inverted Tube of <emph type="italics"/>Mercury<emph.end type="italics"/> be but <lb/>25 Digits high, or &longs;omewhat more, the <lb/>Quick-&longs;ilver will not fall but remain &longs;u&longs;<lb/>pended in the Tube; becau&longs;e it cannot <lb/>pre&longs;s the &longs;ubjacent <emph type="italics"/>Mercury<emph.end type="italics"/> with &longs;o great <lb/>a force, as does the incumbent Cylinder <lb/>of the Air reaching thence to the top of <lb/>the Atmo&longs;phere: Whereas, if the Cy<lb/>linder of <emph type="italics"/>Mercury<emph.end type="italics"/> were three or four digits <lb/>longer, it would over-power that of the <lb/>external Air, and run out into the Ve&longs;&longs;el'd <lb/><emph type="italics"/>Mercury,<emph.end type="italics"/> till the two Cylinders came to <lb/>an <emph type="italics"/>Æquilibrium,<emph.end type="italics"/> and no further. </s>

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<s>But this will <lb/>perhaps be illu&longs;trated by &longs;ome or other of <lb/>our future Experiments, and therefore <lb/>&longs;hall be no longer in&longs;i&longs;ted on here. </s>

<s><margin.target id="marg5"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Experi<lb/>ment<emph.end type="italics"/> 3.</s>

<s><margin.target id="marg5"/><emph type="italics"/>Experi<lb/>ment<emph.end type="italics"/> 3.</s>

<s>HAving thus taken notice of &longs;ome of <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg6"></arrow.to.target><lb/>the con&longs;tant <emph type="italics"/>Phænomena<emph.end type="italics"/> of our En<lb/>gine it &longs;elf, let us now proceed to the Ex<lb/>periments tryable in it. </s>

<s>HAving thus taken notice of &longs;ome of <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg6"/><lb/>the con&longs;tant <emph type="italics"/>Phænomena<emph.end type="italics"/> of our En<lb/>gine it &longs;elf, let us now proceed to the Ex<lb/>periments tryable in it. </s>

<s><margin.target id="marg6"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Experi<lb/>ment<emph.end type="italics"/> 4.</s>

<s><margin.target id="marg6"/><emph type="italics"/>Experi<lb/>ment<emph.end type="italics"/> 4.</s>

<s>We took then a Lambs Bladder large, <lb/>well dry'd, and very limber, and leaving in <lb/>it about half as much Air as it could con<lb/>tain, we cau&longs;'d the neck of it to be &longs;trong<lb/>ly ty'd, &longs;o that none of the included Air, <lb/>though by pre&longs;&longs;ure, could get out. </s>

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<s>But a further and &longs;ufficient manife&longs;tati<lb/>on whence the intume&longs;&longs;ence of the Blad<lb/>der proceeds, may be deduc'd from the <lb/>following Experiment. </s>

<s>TO try then at once both what it was <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg7"></arrow.to.target><lb/>that expanded the Bladder, and what <lb/>a powerful Spring there is ev'n in the Air <pb xlink:href="013/01/090.jpg" pagenum="50"/>we are wont to think uncompre&longs;&longs;'d, we <lb/>cau&longs;'d a Bladder dry, well ty'd and blown <lb/>moderately full, to be hung in the Recei<lb/>ver by one end of a &longs;tring, who&longs;e other <lb/>end was fa&longs;tned to the in&longs;ide of the Co<lb/>ver: and upon drawing out the ambient <lb/>Air, that pre&longs;&longs;'d on the Bladder; the in<lb/>ternal Air not finding the wonted re&longs;i&longs;t<lb/>ance, fir&longs;t &longs;well'd and di&longs;tended the Blad<lb/>der, and then broke it, with &longs;o wide and <lb/>crooked a rent, as if it had been forcibly <lb/>torn a&longs;&longs;under with hands. </s>

<s>TO try then at once both what it was <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg7"/><lb/>that expanded the Bladder, and what <lb/>a powerful Spring there is ev'n in the Air <pb xlink:href="013/01/090.jpg" pagenum="50"/>we are wont to think uncompre&longs;&longs;'d, we <lb/>cau&longs;'d a Bladder dry, well ty'd and blown <lb/>moderately full, to be hung in the Recei<lb/>ver by one end of a &longs;tring, who&longs;e other <lb/>end was fa&longs;tned to the in&longs;ide of the Co<lb/>ver: and upon drawing out the ambient <lb/>Air, that pre&longs;&longs;'d on the Bladder; the in<lb/>ternal Air not finding the wonted re&longs;i&longs;t<lb/>ance, fir&longs;t &longs;well'd and di&longs;tended the Blad<lb/>der, and then broke it, with &longs;o wide and <lb/>crooked a rent, as if it had been forcibly <lb/>torn a&longs;&longs;under with hands. </s>

<s>After which a <lb/>&longs;econd Bladder being convey'd in, the Ex<lb/>periment was repeated with like &longs;ucce&longs;s: <lb/>And I &longs;uppo&longs;e it will not be imagin'd that <lb/>in this ca&longs;e the Bladder was broken by its <lb/>own Fibres, rather then by the Impri<lb/>&longs;on'd Air. </s>

<s><margin.target id="marg7"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Experi<lb/>ment<emph.end type="italics"/> 5.</s>

<s><margin.target id="marg7"/><emph type="italics"/>Experi<lb/>ment<emph.end type="italics"/> 5.</s>

<s>And of this Experiment the&longs;e two <emph type="italics"/>Phæ<lb/>nomena<emph.end type="italics"/> may be taken notice of: The one, <lb/>that the Bladder at its breaking gave a <lb/>great report, almo&longs;t like a Craker: And <lb/>the other, That the Air contain'd in the <lb/>Bladder, had the power to break it with <lb/>the mention'd Impetuo&longs;ity, long before <lb/>the ambient Air was, all or near all, drawn <lb/>out of the Receiver. </s>

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<s>For we <lb/>found that a Bladder, but moderately <lb/>fill'd with Air and &longs;trongly ty'd, being <lb/>a while held near the Fire, not onely grew <lb/>exceeding turgid and hard, but after<lb/>wards, being approach'd nearer to the <lb/>Fire, &longs;uddenly broke with &longs;o loud and ve<lb/>hement a noi&longs;e, as &longs;tony'd tho&longs;e that were <lb/>by, and made us, for a while after, almo&longs;t <lb/>deaf. </s>

<s>HAving thus &longs;een that the Air has an <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg8"></arrow.to.target><lb/>Ela&longs;tical Power, we were next de&longs;i<lb/>rous to know in &longs;ome mea&longs;ure how far a <pb xlink:href="013/01/093.jpg" pagenum="53"/>parcel of Air might by this its own Spring <lb/>be dilated. </s>

<s>HAving thus &longs;een that the Air has an <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg8"/><lb/>Ela&longs;tical Power, we were next de&longs;i<lb/>rous to know in &longs;ome mea&longs;ure how far a <pb xlink:href="013/01/093.jpg" pagenum="53"/>parcel of Air might by this its own Spring <lb/>be dilated. </s>

<s>And though we were not pro<lb/>vided of In&longs;truments fit to mea&longs;ure the <lb/>dilatation of the Air any thing accurately, <lb/>yet becau&longs;e an imperfect mea&longs;ure of it was <lb/>more de&longs;ireable then none at all, we de<lb/>vi&longs;'d the following Method as very ea&longs;ily <lb/>practicable. </s>

<s><margin.target id="marg8"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Experi<lb/>ment<emph.end type="italics"/> 6.</s>

<s><margin.target id="marg8"/><emph type="italics"/>Experi<lb/>ment<emph.end type="italics"/> 6.</s>

<s>We took a limber Lambs Bladder <lb/>which was thorowly wetted in fair Water, <lb/>that the &longs;ides of it being &longs;queez'd roge<lb/>ther, there might be no Air left in its <lb/>folds: (as indeed we could not afterwards <lb/>upon tryal di&longs;cern any) The neck of this <lb/>Bladder was &longs;trongly tyed about that of <lb/>a &longs;mall Gla&longs;s, (capable of holding five <lb/>full drachmes of Water) the Bladder be<lb/>ing fir&longs;t &longs;o compre&longs;&longs;'d, that all the inclu<lb/>ded Air was onely in the Gla&longs;s, without <lb/>being pre&longs;&longs;'d there; then the Pump be<lb/>ing &longs;et awork after a few ex&longs;uctions, the <lb/>Air in the little Viol began to dilate it <lb/>&longs;elf and produce a &longs;mall Tumor in the <lb/>Neck of the Bladder; and as the ambi<lb/>ent Air was more and more drawn away, <lb/>&longs;o the included Air penetrated further and <lb/>further into the Bladder, and by degrees <lb/>lifted up the &longs;ides and di&longs;play'd its folds, <lb/>till at length it &longs;eem'd to have blown it <pb xlink:href="013/01/094.jpg" pagenum="54"/>up to its full extent: whereupon the ex<lb/>ternal Air, being permitted to flow back <lb/>into the Reciver, repul&longs;'d the Air that <lb/>had fill'd the Bladder into its former nar<lb/>row receptacle, and brought the Bladder <lb/>to be again flaccid and wrinkled as before: <lb/>Then taking out the Bladder, but with<lb/>out &longs;evering it from the Gla&longs;s, we did by <lb/>a hole made at the top of the Bladder fill <lb/>the Ve&longs;&longs;el they both made up with Wa<lb/>ter, who&longs;e weight was five Ounces five <lb/>Drachmes and an half: Five Drachmes <lb/>whereof were above-mention'd to be the <lb/>contents of the Bottle. </s>

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<s>We would gladly have tryed al&longs;o <lb/>whether the Air at its greate&longs;t expan&longs;ion <lb/>could be further rarified by heat; but do <lb/>what we could, our Receiver leak'd too <lb/>fa&longs;t to let us give our &longs;elves any &longs;atisfacti<lb/>on in that particular. </s>

<s>TO di&longs;cover likewi&longs;e by the means of <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg9"></arrow.to.target><lb/>that pre&longs;&longs;ure of the Air, both the <lb/>&longs;trength of Gla&longs;s, and how much inte<lb/>re&longs;t the Figure of a Body may have in its <lb/>greater or le&longs;&longs;er Re&longs;i&longs;tance to the pre&longs;&longs;ure <lb/>of other Bodys, we made the&longs;e further <lb/>tryals. </s>

<s>TO di&longs;cover likewi&longs;e by the means of <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg9"/><lb/>that pre&longs;&longs;ure of the Air, both the <lb/>&longs;trength of Gla&longs;s, and how much inte<lb/>re&longs;t the Figure of a Body may have in its <lb/>greater or le&longs;&longs;er Re&longs;i&longs;tance to the pre&longs;&longs;ure <lb/>of other Bodys, we made the&longs;e further <lb/>tryals. </s>

<s><margin.target id="marg9"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Experi<lb/>ment<emph.end type="italics"/> 7.</s>

<s><margin.target id="marg9"/><emph type="italics"/>Experi<lb/>ment<emph.end type="italics"/> 7.</s>

<s>We cau&longs;'d to be blown with a Lamp a <lb/>round Gla&longs;s bubble, capable of contain<lb/>ing, by gue&longs;s, about five Ounces of Wa<lb/>ter, with a &longs;lender neck about the bigne&longs;s <lb/>of a Swans Quill, and it was purpo&longs;ely <lb/>blown very thin, as Viols made with <lb/>Lamps are wont to be, that the thinne&longs;s <lb/>of the matter might keep the roundne&longs;s <lb/>of the Figure from making the Ve&longs;&longs;el too <pb xlink:href="013/01/103.jpg" pagenum="63"/>&longs;trong. </s>

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<s>Now that the Figure of the Gla&longs;s is <lb/>of great moment in this matter, may be <lb/>evinced by this other Experiment. </s><pb xlink:href="013/01/104.jpg" pagenum="64"/>

<s>WE took a Gla&longs;s Helmet or Alem<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg10"></arrow.to.target><lb/>bick (delineated by the &longs;eventh <lb/>Figure) &longs;uch as Chymi&longs;ts u&longs;e in Di&longs;tilla<lb/>tions, and containing by conjecture be<lb/>tween two and three Pints: The <emph type="italics"/>Ro&longs;trum<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>or No&longs;e of it mark'd with <emph type="italics"/>(c)<emph.end type="italics"/> was Herme<lb/>tically clo&longs;ed; and at the top of it was a <lb/>hole, into which was fitted and cemented <lb/>one of the Shanks of a middle-&longs;iz'd Stop<lb/>cock; &longs;o that the Gla&longs;s being turn'd up<lb/>&longs;ide-down, the wide Orifice (which in <lb/>common Gla&longs;s-Helmets is the onely one) <lb/>was upwards; and to that wide Orifice <lb/>was fitted a ca&longs;t-Cover of Lead, which <lb/>was carefully cemented on to the Gla&longs;s: <lb/>Then the other Shank of the Stop-cock <lb/>being with Cement likewi&longs;e fa&longs;ten'd into <lb/>the upper part of the Pump, the ex&longs;ucti<lb/>on of the Air was endeavoured. </s>

<s>WE took a Gla&longs;s Helmet or Alem<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg10"/><lb/>bick (delineated by the &longs;eventh <lb/>Figure) &longs;uch as Chymi&longs;ts u&longs;e in Di&longs;tilla<lb/>tions, and containing by conjecture be<lb/>tween two and three Pints: The <emph type="italics"/>Ro&longs;trum<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>or No&longs;e of it mark'd with <emph type="italics"/>(c)<emph.end type="italics"/> was Herme<lb/>tically clo&longs;ed; and at the top of it was a <lb/>hole, into which was fitted and cemented <lb/>one of the Shanks of a middle-&longs;iz'd Stop<lb/>cock; &longs;o that the Gla&longs;s being turn'd up<lb/>&longs;ide-down, the wide Orifice (which in <lb/>common Gla&longs;s-Helmets is the onely one) <lb/>was upwards; and to that wide Orifice <lb/>was fitted a ca&longs;t-Cover of Lead, which <lb/>was carefully cemented on to the Gla&longs;s: <lb/>Then the other Shank of the Stop-cock <lb/>being with Cement likewi&longs;e fa&longs;ten'd into <lb/>the upper part of the Pump, the ex&longs;ucti<lb/>on of the Air was endeavoured. </s>

<s>But it <lb/>was not long before, the remaining Air <lb/>being made much too weak to ballance <lb/>the pre&longs;&longs;ure of the ambient Air, the Gla&longs;s <lb/>was not without a great noi&longs;e crack'd al<lb/>mo&longs;t half round, along that part of it <lb/>where it began to bend inwards: As if <lb/>in the Figure the crack had been made ac<lb/>cording to the Line <emph type="italics"/>(ab);<emph.end type="italics"/> and upon an <pb xlink:href="013/01/105.jpg" pagenum="65"/>endeavour to pump out more of the Air, <lb/>the crack once began, appear'd to run on <lb/>further; though the Gla&longs;s where it was <lb/>broken &longs;eem'd to be by conjecture above <lb/>ten, &longs;ome thought above twenty times as <lb/>thick as the bubble mention'd in the fore<lb/>going Experiment. </s>

<s><margin.target id="marg10"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Experi<lb/>ment<emph.end type="italics"/> 8.</s>

<s><margin.target id="marg10"/><emph type="italics"/>Experi<lb/>ment<emph.end type="italics"/> 8.</s>

<s>This will perhaps make it &longs;eem &longs;trange, <lb/>that having taken another Gla&longs;s bubble <lb/>blown at the &longs;ame time, and like for <lb/>ought we di&longs;cern'd for &longs;ize, thickne&longs;s <lb/>and Figure to that thin one formerly <lb/>mention'd; and having &longs;eal'd it up Her<lb/>metically, and &longs;u&longs;pended it in the Recei<lb/>ver, the ex&longs;uction of the ambient Air did <lb/>not enable the impri&longs;oned Air to break, or <lb/>in the lea&longs;t to crack the bubble; though <lb/>the Experiment were laboriou&longs;ly try'd, <lb/>and that &longs;everal times with bubbles of o<lb/>ther &longs;izes: But that perhaps the heat of <lb/>the Candle or Lamp wherewith &longs;uch <lb/>Gla&longs;&longs;es are Hermetically &longs;eal'd, (not to <lb/>mention the warmth of his hands that <lb/>&longs;eal'd it) might &longs;o rarifie the contained <lb/>Air, as much to weaken its Spring, may <lb/>&longs;eem probable by the following Expe<lb/>riments. </s><pb xlink:href="013/01/106.jpg" pagenum="66"/>

<s>WE took a Gla&longs;s Viol able to hold <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg11"></arrow.to.target><lb/>three or four Ounces of Water, <lb/>and of the thickne&longs;s u&longs;ual in Gla&longs;&longs;es of <lb/>that &longs;ize; into the Neck of this was put <lb/>a moderately &longs;lender Pipe of Gla&longs;s, which <lb/>was carefully fa&longs;ten'd with a mixture of e<lb/>qual parts of Pitch and Ro&longs;in to the Neck <lb/>of the Viol, and which reach'd almo&longs;t to <lb/>the bottom of it, as the &longs;ixth Figure de<lb/>clares. </s>

<s>WE took a Gla&longs;s Viol able to hold <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg11"/><lb/>three or four Ounces of Water, <lb/>and of the thickne&longs;s u&longs;ual in Gla&longs;&longs;es of <lb/>that &longs;ize; into the Neck of this was put <lb/>a moderately &longs;lender Pipe of Gla&longs;s, which <lb/>was carefully fa&longs;ten'd with a mixture of e<lb/>qual parts of Pitch and Ro&longs;in to the Neck <lb/>of the Viol, and which reach'd almo&longs;t to <lb/>the bottom of it, as the &longs;ixth Figure de<lb/>clares. </s>

<s><margin.target id="marg11"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Experi<lb/>ment<emph.end type="italics"/> 9.</s>

<s><margin.target id="marg11"/><emph type="italics"/>Experi<lb/>ment<emph.end type="italics"/> 9.</s>

<s>This Viol being upon a particular de<lb/>&longs;ign fill'd with Water, till that came up in <lb/>it a pretty deal higher then the lower end <lb/>of the Pipe, was put into one of our &longs;mall <lb/>Receivers, (containing between a Pint <lb/>and a Quart) in &longs;uch manner as that the <lb/>Gla&longs;s Pipe, pa&longs;&longs;ing through a hole made <lb/>purpo&longs;ely for it in the Leaden-Cover of <lb/>the Receiver, was for the mo&longs;t part of it <lb/>without the Ve&longs;&longs;el, which being exactly <lb/>clo&longs;ed, the Pump was &longs;et awork: But at <lb/>the very fir&longs;t ex&longs;uction, and before the <lb/>Sucker was drawn to the bottom of the <lb/>Cylinder, there flew out of the Viol a <lb/>piece of Gla&longs;s half as broad as the Palm <lb/>of a Mans Hand, and it was thrown out <lb/>with &longs;uch violence, that hitting again&longs;t <pb xlink:href="013/01/107.jpg" pagenum="67"/>the Neighboring &longs;ide of the Receiver, it <lb/>not onely dafh'd it &longs;elf to pieces, but <lb/>crack'd the very Receiver in many places, <lb/>with a great noi&longs;e that much &longs;urpri&longs;ed all <lb/>that were in the Room. </s>

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<s>But if <lb/>Your Lord&longs;hip had &longs;een how we mended <pb xlink:href="013/01/114.jpg" pagenum="74"/>with it Receivers even for the mo&longs;t &longs;ub<lb/>tle Chymical Spirits, You would &longs;carce <lb/>wonder at the &longs;ervice it has done in our <lb/>Pneumatical Gla&longs;s. </s>

<s>WE took a Tallow-Candle of &longs;uch <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg12"></arrow.to.target><lb/>a &longs;ize that eight of them make <lb/>about a pound, and having in a very com<lb/>modious Candle&longs;tick let it down into the <lb/>Receiver, and &longs;o &longs;u&longs;pended it that the <lb/>Flame burnt almo&longs;t in the middle of the <lb/>Ve&longs;&longs;el, we did in &longs;ome two minutes ex<lb/>actly clo&longs;e it up: and, upon Pumping ve<lb/>ry nimbly, we found that within little <lb/>more then half a minute after the Flame <lb/>went out, though the Snuff had been <lb/>purpo&longs;ely left of that length we judged <lb/>the mo&longs;t convenient for the la&longs;ting of <lb/>the Flame. </s>

<s>WE took a Tallow-Candle of &longs;uch <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg12"/><lb/>a &longs;ize that eight of them make <lb/>about a pound, and having in a very com<lb/>modious Candle&longs;tick let it down into the <lb/>Receiver, and &longs;o &longs;u&longs;pended it that the <lb/>Flame burnt almo&longs;t in the middle of the <lb/>Ve&longs;&longs;el, we did in &longs;ome two minutes ex<lb/>actly clo&longs;e it up: and, upon Pumping ve<lb/>ry nimbly, we found that within little <lb/>more then half a minute after the Flame <lb/>went out, though the Snuff had been <lb/>purpo&longs;ely left of that length we judged <lb/>the mo&longs;t convenient for the la&longs;ting of <lb/>the Flame. </s>

<s><margin.target id="marg12"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Experi<lb/>ment<emph.end type="italics"/> 10.</s>

<s><margin.target id="marg12"/><emph type="italics"/>Experi<lb/>ment<emph.end type="italics"/> 10.</s>

<s>But the &longs;econd time having put in the <lb/>&longs;ame Candle into the Receiver, (after it <lb/>had by the bla&longs;ts of a pair of Bellows <lb/>been freed from Fumes) the Flame la&longs;ted <lb/>about two minutes from the time the <lb/>Pumper began to draw out the Air; up<lb/>on the fir&longs;t ex&longs;uction whereof, the Flame <lb/>&longs;eem'd to contract it &longs;elf in all its Dimen<lb/>&longs;ions. </s>

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<s>And we ob&longs;erv'd that the <lb/>Flame did not, as before, retire it &longs;elf by <lb/>little and little towards the top, but to<lb/>wards the bottom of the Week (from <lb/>which yet it did a little withdraw upwards <lb/>ju&longs;t before it went out) &longs;o that the upper <lb/>part of the Week appear'd for a pretty <lb/>while manife&longs;tly above the top of the <lb/>Flame, which having la&longs;ted about five <lb/>minutes, was &longs;ucceeded by a directly a&longs;<lb/>cending &longs;tream of Smoak. </s>

<s>THere was taken a Wier, which being <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg13"></arrow.to.target><lb/>bent almo&longs;t in the form of a Screw, <lb/>con&longs;tituted &longs;uch an In&longs;trument to contein <lb/>Coals and leave them every way acce&longs;&longs;i<lb/>ble to the Air, as the tenth Figure de<lb/>clares; the breadth of this Ve&longs;&longs;el was no <lb/>le&longs;s then that it might with ea&longs;e be con<lb/>vey'd into the Receiver: And having filld <lb/>it to the height of about five Inches with <lb/>throughly kindled Wood-coals, we let <pb xlink:href="013/01/119.jpg" pagenum="79"/>it down into the Gla&longs;s; and &longs;peedily clo<lb/>&longs;ing it, we cau&longs;'d the Pumper to ply <lb/>his work, and ob&longs;erv'd that upon the ve<lb/>ry fir&longs;t ex&longs;uction of the Air (though per<lb/>haps not becau&longs;e of that onely) the Fire <lb/>in the Coals began to grow very dim, and <lb/>though the agitation of the Ve&longs;&longs;el did <lb/>make them &longs;wing up and down (which in <lb/>the free Air would have retarded the ex<lb/>tinction of the Fire) yet when we could <lb/>no longer di&longs;cern any redne&longs;s at all in any <lb/>of them; ca&longs;ting our eyes upon a Minute<lb/>Watch we kept by us on this occa&longs;ion, we <lb/>found that from the beginning of the <lb/>Pumping (which might be about two mi<lb/>nutes after the Coals had been put in <lb/>glowing) to the total di&longs;-appearing of <lb/>the Fire, there had pa&longs;&longs;ed but three mi<lb/>nutes. </s>

<s>THere was taken a Wier, which being <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg13"/><lb/>bent almo&longs;t in the form of a Screw, <lb/>con&longs;tituted &longs;uch an In&longs;trument to contein <lb/>Coals and leave them every way acce&longs;&longs;i<lb/>ble to the Air, as the tenth Figure de<lb/>clares; the breadth of this Ve&longs;&longs;el was no <lb/>le&longs;s then that it might with ea&longs;e be con<lb/>vey'd into the Receiver: And having filld <lb/>it to the height of about five Inches with <lb/>throughly kindled Wood-coals, we let <pb xlink:href="013/01/119.jpg" pagenum="79"/>it down into the Gla&longs;s; and &longs;peedily clo<lb/>&longs;ing it, we cau&longs;'d the Pumper to ply <lb/>his work, and ob&longs;erv'd that upon the ve<lb/>ry fir&longs;t ex&longs;uction of the Air (though per<lb/>haps not becau&longs;e of that onely) the Fire <lb/>in the Coals began to grow very dim, and <lb/>though the agitation of the Ve&longs;&longs;el did <lb/>make them &longs;wing up and down (which in <lb/>the free Air would have retarded the ex<lb/>tinction of the Fire) yet when we could <lb/>no longer di&longs;cern any redne&longs;s at all in any <lb/>of them; ca&longs;ting our eyes upon a Minute<lb/>Watch we kept by us on this occa&longs;ion, we <lb/>found that from the beginning of the <lb/>Pumping (which might be about two mi<lb/>nutes after the Coals had been put in <lb/>glowing) to the total di&longs;-appearing of <lb/>the Fire, there had pa&longs;&longs;ed but three mi<lb/>nutes. </s>

<s><margin.target id="marg13"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Experi<lb/>ment<emph.end type="italics"/> 11.</s>

<s><margin.target id="marg13"/><emph type="italics"/>Experi<lb/>ment<emph.end type="italics"/> 11.</s>

<s>Whereupon, to try the Experiment a <lb/>little further, we pre&longs;ently took out the <lb/>Coals, in which it &longs;eems there had re<lb/>mained &longs;ome little parcels of Fire, rather <lb/>cover'd then totally quench'd: For in the <lb/>open Air the Coals began to be re-kind<lb/>led in &longs;everal places, wherefore having by <lb/>&longs;winging them about in the Wier, <lb/>throughly lighted them the &longs;econd time, <lb/>welet them down again into the Receiver, <pb xlink:href="013/01/120.jpg" pagenum="80"/>and clo&longs;'d it &longs;peedily as before; and then <lb/>waiting till the Fire &longs;eem'd totally ex<lb/>tinct without medling with the Pump, we <lb/>found that from the time the Ve&longs;&longs;el was <lb/>clo&longs;'d till that no Fire at all could be per<lb/>ceiv'd there had pa&longs;&longs;ed about four mi<lb/>nutes: Whereby it &longs;eem'd to appear that <lb/>the drawing away of the ambient Air <lb/>made the Fire go out &longs;ooner then other<lb/>wi&longs;e it would have done; though that part <lb/>of the Air that we drew out left the more <lb/>room for the &longs;tifling &longs;teams of the Coals <lb/>to be received into. </s>

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<s>And la&longs;tly, <lb/>notwith&longs;tanding a con&longs;iderable ex&longs;uction <pb xlink:href="013/01/122.jpg" pagenum="82"/>of the ambient Air, though not by far &longs;o <lb/>great a one as might have been made by <lb/>the Engine; and notwith&longs;tanding the in<lb/>con&longs;iderable di&longs;&longs;ipation of the parts of the <lb/>Iron, the &longs;urrounding &longs;ides of the Recei<lb/>ver were &longs;en&longs;ibly, and almo&longs;t offen&longs;ively <lb/>heated by it; in&longs;omuch that a pretty while <lb/>after the Iron was taken out, the &longs;ides of <lb/>the Gla&longs;s manife&longs;tly retain'd a warmth: <lb/>which would not be unfit to be con&longs;ider'd <lb/>by a Per&longs;on at more lea&longs;ure then I am <lb/>now. </s>

<s>BEing willing to try after this &longs;ome<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg14"></arrow.to.target><lb/>thing that would not cheri&longs;h much <lb/>Fire at once, and would keep Fire much <lb/>longer then a Coal. </s>

<s>BEing willing to try after this &longs;ome<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg14"/><lb/>thing that would not cheri&longs;h much <lb/>Fire at once, and would keep Fire much <lb/>longer then a Coal. </s>

<s>We took a piece of <lb/>Match, &longs;uch as Souldiers u&longs;e, of the thick<lb/>ne&longs;s of a Mans little Finger, or &longs;omewhat <lb/>thicker; and this being well lighted at <lb/>one end, was by a &longs;tring &longs;u&longs;pended with <lb/>that end downwards in the cavity of the <lb/>Receiver which was immediately clo&longs;'d: <lb/>And yet by that time it could well be &longs;o, <lb/>the copious Fumes of the Match had neer <lb/>fill'd and darken'd the Receiver. </s>

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<s>For upon the <lb/>Admi&longs;&longs;ion of the external Air, the Fire, <lb/>that &longs;eem'd to have gone out a pretty <lb/>while before, did pre&longs;ently revive; and <lb/>being as it were refre&longs;h d by the new Air, <lb/>and blown by the Wind made by that <lb/>Air in ru&longs;hing in, it began again to &longs;hine <lb/>and di&longs;&longs;ipate the neighboring Fuel into <lb/>Smoke as formerly. </s><pb xlink:href="013/01/124.jpg" pagenum="84"/>

<s><margin.target id="marg14"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Experi<lb/>ment<emph.end type="italics"/> 12.</s>

<s><margin.target id="marg14"/><emph type="italics"/>Experi<lb/>ment<emph.end type="italics"/> 12.</s>

<s>A While after we let down into <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg15"></arrow.to.target><lb/>the Receiver together with a ligh<lb/>ted piece of Match, a great Bladder well <lb/>tyed at the Neck, but very lank, as not <lb/>containing actually much (if any thing) a<lb/>bove a Pint of Air, but being capable of <lb/>containing ten or twelve times as much. </s>

<s>A While after we let down into <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg15"/><lb/>the Receiver together with a ligh<lb/>ted piece of Match, a great Bladder well <lb/>tyed at the Neck, but very lank, as not <lb/>containing actually much (if any thing) a<lb/>bove a Pint of Air, but being capable of <lb/>containing ten or twelve times as much. </s>

<s><margin.target id="marg15"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Experi<lb/>ment<emph.end type="italics"/> 13.</s>

<s><margin.target id="marg15"/><emph type="italics"/>Experi<lb/>ment<emph.end type="italics"/> 13.</s>

<s>Our &longs;cope in this Experiment was <lb/>partly to try whether or no the &longs;moke of <lb/>the Match, repleni&longs;hing the Receiver, <lb/>would be able to hinder the Dilatation of <lb/>the inward Air, upon the ex&longs;uction of the <lb/>Ambient. </s>

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<s>A&longs;&longs;oon as <lb/>we had pump'd once or twice, we &longs;udden<lb/>ly turn'd the Key, and thereby gave acce&longs;s <lb/>to the excluded Air, which ru&longs;hing vio<lb/>lently in, as if it had been forced thorow <lb/>a pair of Bellows, did both drive away <lb/>the a&longs;hes, fill the Gla&longs;s with fre&longs;h Air, and <pb xlink:href="013/01/128.jpg" pagenum="88"/>by blowing the almo&longs;t extingui&longs;h'd Fire, <lb/>re-kindl'd it, as appear'd by the Matches <lb/>beginning again to &longs;moke, which before it <lb/>had cea&longs;'d to do; we having by this <lb/>means obtain'd a lighted Match in the <lb/>Receiver, without being reduc'd to &longs;pend <lb/>time to clo&longs;e it up, commanded the Air <lb/>to be immediatly pump'd out, and found <lb/>that upon the ex&longs;uction of it, the Match <lb/>quickly left &longs;mokeing, as it &longs;eem'd, by <lb/>rea&longs;on of the ab&longs;ence of the Air; and <lb/>yet if &longs;ome urgent occa&longs;ions had not hin<lb/>der'd us, we would for greater &longs;ecurity <lb/>have try'd, whether or no the Match re<lb/>kindled as formerly, would &longs;moke much <lb/>longer, in ca&longs;e of no ex&longs;uction of the am<lb/>bient Air. </s>

<s>TO try diver&longs;e things at once, <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg16"></arrow.to.target><lb/>and particularly whether Fire, <lb/>though we found it would not long la&longs;t, <lb/>might not yet be produced in our eva<lb/>cuated Receiver: We took a Pi&longs;tol of <lb/>about a Foot in length, and having <lb/>firmly tyed it to a &longs;tick almo&longs;t as long as <lb/>the Cavity of the Receiver, we very <lb/>carefully prim'd it with well dry'd Gun<lb/>powder, and then cocking it, we ty'd to <pb xlink:href="013/01/129.jpg" pagenum="89"/>the Tricker one end of a &longs;tring, who&longs;e <lb/>other end was fa&longs;ten'd to the Key former<lb/>ly mention'd to belong to the Cover of <lb/>our Receiver. </s>

<s>TO try diver&longs;e things at once, <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg16"/><lb/>and particularly whether Fire, <lb/>though we found it would not long la&longs;t, <lb/>might not yet be produced in our eva<lb/>cuated Receiver: We took a Pi&longs;tol of <lb/>about a Foot in length, and having <lb/>firmly tyed it to a &longs;tick almo&longs;t as long as <lb/>the Cavity of the Receiver, we very <lb/>carefully prim'd it with well dry'd Gun<lb/>powder, and then cocking it, we ty'd to <pb xlink:href="013/01/129.jpg" pagenum="89"/>the Tricker one end of a &longs;tring, who&longs;e <lb/>other end was fa&longs;ten'd to the Key former<lb/>ly mention'd to belong to the Cover of <lb/>our Receiver. </s>

<s>This done, we convey'd <lb/>the Pi&longs;tol, together with the annexed <lb/>Staff, into the Ve&longs;&longs;el: which being clo&longs;'d <lb/>up, and empty'd after the u&longs;ual man<lb/>ner, we began to turn the Key in the <lb/>Cover; and thereby &longs;hortning the &longs;tring <lb/>that reach'd from it to the Pi&longs;tol, we <lb/>pull'd a&longs;ide the Tricker, and ob&longs;erv'd, <lb/>that according to our expectation the <lb/>force of the Spring of the Lock was <lb/>not &longs;en&longs;ibly abated by the ab&longs;ence of <lb/>the Air. (from who&longs;e <emph type="italics"/>impetus<emph.end type="italics"/> yet &longs;ome <lb/>Modern Naturali&longs;ts would derive the <lb/>cau&longs;e of the motion of Re&longs;titution in <lb/>&longs;olid Bodies) For the Cock falling <lb/>with its wonted violence upon the Steel, <lb/>&longs;truck out of it as many and as con&longs;pi<lb/>cuous parts of Fire, as, for ought we <lb/>could perceive, it would have done in <lb/>the open Air. </s>

<s>Repeating this Experi<lb/>ment divers times, we al&longs;o ob&longs;erved <lb/>whether or no there would appear <lb/>any con&longs;iderable Diver&longs;ity in the <lb/>Motion of the &longs;hining Sparks in a <lb/>place where the remaining Aire was <lb/>&longs;o much rarified, but could not perceive <pb xlink:href="013/01/130.jpg" pagenum="100"/>but that they moved &longs;ome of them up<lb/>wards, as well as &longs;ome of them down<lb/>wards, and &longs;ome of them &longs;ide-ways, as <lb/>they are wont to do, when upon &longs;uch col<lb/>li&longs;ions they fly out in the open Air. </s>

<s><margin.target id="marg16"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Experi<lb/>ment<emph.end type="italics"/> 14.</s>

<s><margin.target id="marg16"/><emph type="italics"/>Experi<lb/>ment<emph.end type="italics"/> 14.</s>

<s>We likewi&longs;e cau&longs;'d a piece of Steel to <lb/>be made of the form and bigne&longs;s of the <lb/>Flint, in who&longs;e place we put it, and then <lb/>the Pi&longs;tol being cock'd and conveyed in<lb/>to the Receiver, the Trigger was pull'd <lb/>after the Air was drawn out: And though <lb/>the place were purpo&longs;ely &longs;omewhat dar<lb/>ken'd, yet there appear'd not upon the <lb/>&longs;triking of the two Steels again&longs;t each o<lb/>ther the lea&longs;t &longs;park of Fire: Nor did we <lb/>expect any (having before in vain attem<lb/>pted to &longs;trike Fire this way in the open <lb/>Air) though we thought fit to make the <lb/>Experiment to undeceive tho&longs;e who fan<lb/>cy in rarified Air, I know not what &longs;trange <lb/>di&longs;po&longs;ition, to take Fire upon a much <lb/>&longs;lighter occa&longs;ion then this Experiment <lb/>afforded. </s>

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<s>We wonld have made <lb/>more ob&longs;ervations concerning this Flame, <lb/>but that of two or three attempts we <lb/>afterwards made to repeat the kindling of <lb/>Powder, not any one &longs;ucceeded; and <lb/>we have not the lea&longs;ure to dwell long up<lb/>on one kinde of Tryals. </s>

<s>TO the&longs;e Experiments concerning Fire <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg17"></arrow.to.target><lb/>we added another, which, though it &longs;uc<lb/>ceded not, may perhaps without imper<lb/>tinency be recorded: partly becau&longs;e that <lb/>(as we have in another Treati&longs;e amply de<lb/>clar'd) it is u&longs;efull to recite what Experi<lb/>ments mi&longs;carry as well as what &longs;ucceed. <lb/></s>

<s>TO the&longs;e Experiments concerning Fire <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg17"/><lb/>we added another, which, though it &longs;uc<lb/>ceded not, may perhaps without imper<lb/>tinency be recorded: partly becau&longs;e that <lb/>(as we have in another Treati&longs;e amply de<lb/>clar'd) it is u&longs;efull to recite what Experi<lb/>ments mi&longs;carry as well as what &longs;ucceed. <lb/></s>

<s>And partly al&longs;o becau&longs;e it is very po&longs;&longs;ible <lb/>that what we endeavored in vaine, may be <lb/>performed by Your Lord&longs;hip, or &longs;ome <lb/>other <emph type="italics"/>Virtuo&longs;o<emph.end type="italics"/> that &longs;hall have &longs;lancker <lb/>Ve&longs;&longs;ells then we had, and more Sunny <lb/>dayes then the pre&longs;ent Winter allows <lb/>us. </s>

<s><margin.target id="marg17"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Experi<lb/>ment<emph.end type="italics"/> 15.</s>

<s><margin.target id="marg17"/><emph type="italics"/>Experi<lb/>ment<emph.end type="italics"/> 15.</s>

<s>We convey'd then into one of our &longs;mall <lb/>Receivers a piece of matter combu&longs;tible, <lb/>dry and black (experience declaring things <pb xlink:href="013/01/133.jpg" pagenum="103"/>of that colour to be mo&longs;t ea&longs;ily kindled) <lb/>& carefully clo&longs;ing the Ve&longs;&longs;el we brought <lb/>it to a Window at which the Sun, not very <lb/>faire from the Meridian, &longs;hone in very free<lb/>ly: then drawing out the Aire with &longs;peed <lb/>united the Sun-beames with a burning <lb/>Gla&longs;s upon the combu&longs;tible matter which <lb/>began immediatly to &longs;end forth a Smoke <lb/>that quickly darkned the Receiver, but <lb/>notwith&longs;tanding all our care and diligence <lb/>the externall Aire got in &longs;o fa&longs;t that after <lb/>diver&longs;e tryals we were fayne to leave off <lb/>the Experiment in that Gla&longs;&longs;e and induc'd <lb/>to make tryall of it in our great Re<lb/>ceiver. </s>

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<s>But I made the le&longs;s &longs;cruple to <lb/>forbear the annexing of Speculations to <lb/>the&longs;e Recitals, becau&longs;e <emph type="italics"/>Carneades<emph.end type="italics"/> & <emph type="italics"/>Eleu<lb/>therius<emph.end type="italics"/> have in &longs;ome Dialogues concern<lb/>ing Heat and Flame, which were la&longs;t year <lb/>&longs;een by &longs;ome Friends, and may be, when <lb/>you plea&longs;e, commanded by You, men-<pb xlink:href="013/01/135.jpg" pagenum="105"/>tion'd divers of my Thoughts and Expe<lb/>riments concerning Fire. </s>

<s>WE de&longs;igned to try whether or no <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg18"></arrow.to.target><lb/>divers Magnetical Experiments <lb/>would exhibit any unu&longs;ual <emph type="italics"/>Phænomena,<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>being made in our Evacuated Receiver <lb/>in&longs;tead of the open Air: But for want of <lb/>lei&longs;ure and conveniency to pro&longs;ecute &longs;uch <lb/>Tryals, we were induced to re&longs;erve the <lb/>re&longs;t for an other time, and to content our <lb/>&longs;elves with making that which follows. <lb/></s>

<s>WE de&longs;igned to try whether or no <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg18"/><lb/>divers Magnetical Experiments <lb/>would exhibit any unu&longs;ual <emph type="italics"/>Phænomena,<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>being made in our Evacuated Receiver <lb/>in&longs;tead of the open Air: But for want of <lb/>lei&longs;ure and conveniency to pro&longs;ecute &longs;uch <lb/>Tryals, we were induced to re&longs;erve the <lb/>re&longs;t for an other time, and to content our <lb/>&longs;elves with making that which follows. <lb/></s>

<s>We convey'd into the Receiver a little <lb/>Pede&longs;tal of Wood, in the mid&longs;t of which <lb/>was perpendicularly erected a &longs;lender <lb/>Iron, upon who&longs;e &longs;harp point an excited <lb/>Needle of Steel purpo&longs;ely made, and of <lb/>about five Inches long, was &longs;o placed <lb/>that hanging in an <emph type="italics"/>Æquilibrium<emph.end type="italics"/> it could <lb/>move freely towards either hand. </s>

<s>Then <lb/>the Air being after the u&longs;ual manner <lb/>pumped out, we apply'd a Load-&longs;tone <lb/>moderately vigorous to the out-&longs;ide of <lb/>of the Gla&longs;s, and found that it Attracted <lb/>or Repell'd the ends of the Needle, accor<lb/>ding to the Laws Magnetical, without <lb/>any remarkable difference from what the <lb/>&longs;ame Load-&longs;tone would have done had <pb xlink:href="013/01/136.jpg" pagenum="106"/>none of the Air been drawn away from a<lb/>bout the Needle, which when the Load<lb/>&longs;tone was removed, after &longs;ome tremu<lb/>lous Vibrations to and fro, re&longs;ted in a po<lb/>&longs;ition wherein it look'd North and <lb/>South. </s>

<s><margin.target id="marg18"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Experi<lb/>ment<emph.end type="italics"/> 16</s>

<s><margin.target id="marg18"/><emph type="italics"/>Experi<lb/>ment<emph.end type="italics"/> 16</s>

<s>PRoceed we now to the mention of <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg19"></arrow.to.target><lb/>that Experiment, whereof the &longs;ati&longs;<lb/>factory tryal was the principal Fruit I <lb/>promi&longs;'d my &longs;elf from our Engine. </s>

<s>PRoceed we now to the mention of <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg19"/><lb/>that Experiment, whereof the &longs;ati&longs;<lb/>factory tryal was the principal Fruit I <lb/>promi&longs;'d my &longs;elf from our Engine. </s>

<s>It <lb/>being then &longs;ufficiently known, that, in <lb/>the Experiment <emph type="italics"/>De Vacuo,<emph.end type="italics"/> the Quick<lb/>&longs;ilver in the Tube is wont to remain ele<lb/>vated, above the &longs;urface of that whereon <lb/>it leans, about 27 digits: I con&longs;idered, <lb/>that, if the true and onely rea&longs;on why the <lb/>Quick-&longs;ilver falls no lower, be, that at <lb/>that Altitude, the Mercurial Cylinder in <lb/>the Tube, is an <emph type="italics"/>Æquilibrium<emph.end type="italics"/> with the <lb/>Cylinder of Air, &longs;uppo&longs;'d to reach from <lb/>the adjacent Mercury to the top of the <lb/>Atmo&longs;phere: If this Experiment could <lb/>be try'd out of the Atmo&longs;phere, the <lb/>Quick-&longs;ilver in the Tube would fall <lb/>down to a levell with that in the Ve&longs;&longs;el, <lb/>&longs;ince then there would be no pre&longs;&longs;ure up<lb/>on the Subjacent, to re&longs;i&longs;t the weight of <pb xlink:href="013/01/137.jpg" pagenum="107"/>the Incumbent Mercury. </s>

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<s>So, if we could per<lb/>fectly draw the Air out of the Receiver, <lb/>it would conduce as well to our purpo&longs;e, <lb/>as if we were allow'd to try the Experi<lb/>ment beyond the Atmo&longs;phere. </s>

<s><margin.target id="marg19"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Experi<lb/>ment<emph.end type="italics"/> 17.</s>

<s><margin.target id="marg19"/><emph type="italics"/>Experi<lb/>ment<emph.end type="italics"/> 17.</s>

<s>Wherefore (after having &longs;urmounted <lb/>&longs;ome little difficulties which occurr'd at <lb/>the beginning) the Experiment was made <lb/>after this manner. </s>

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<s>We formerly mention'd, that the <lb/>Quick-&longs;ilver did not in its de&longs;cent fall as <lb/>much at a time after the two or three fir&longs;t <lb/>ex&longs;uctions of the Air, as at the beginning: <lb/>For, having mark'd its &longs;everal Stages up<lb/>on the Tube, we found, that at the fir&longs;t <lb/>&longs;uck it de&longs;cended an Inch and 3/8, and at the <lb/>&longs;econd an Inch and 1/8; and when the Ve&longs;<lb/>&longs;el was almo&longs;t empty'd, it would &longs;carce at <lb/>one ex&longs;uction be drawn down above the <lb/>breadth of a Barly-corn. </s>

<s>And indeed we <lb/>found it very difficult to mea&longs;ure in what <pb xlink:href="013/01/144.jpg" pagenum="114"/>proportion the&longs;e decrements of the Mer<lb/>curial Cylinder did proceed: partly be<lb/>cau&longs;e (as we have already intimated) the <lb/>Quick &longs;ilver was &longs;oon drawn below the <lb/>top of the Receiver: and partly becau&longs;e, <lb/>upon its de&longs;cent at each ex&longs;uction, it <lb/>would immediatly rea&longs;cend a little up<lb/>wards; either by rea&longs;on of the leaking of <lb/>the Ve&longs;&longs;el at &longs;ome imperceptible hole or <lb/>other, or by rea&longs;on of the motion of <lb/>Re&longs;titution in the Air, which, b<gap/>ng &longs;ome<lb/>what compre&longs;t by the fall as well as weight <lb/>of the Quick &longs;ilver, would repell it a lit<lb/>tle upwards, and make it vibrate a little up <lb/>and down, before they could reduce each <lb/>other to &longs;uch an <emph type="italics"/>Æquilibrium<emph.end type="italics"/> as both <lb/>might re&longs;t in. </s>

<s>And indeed we <lb/>found it very difficult to mea&longs;ure in what <pb xlink:href="013/01/144.jpg" pagenum="114"/>proportion the&longs;e decrements of the Mer<lb/>curial Cylinder did proceed: partly be<lb/>cau&longs;e (as we have already intimated) the <lb/>Quick &longs;ilver was &longs;oon drawn below the <lb/>top of the Receiver: and partly becau&longs;e, <lb/>upon its de&longs;cent at each ex&longs;uction, it <lb/>would immediatly rea&longs;cend a little up<lb/>wards; either by rea&longs;on of the leaking of <lb/>the Ve&longs;&longs;el at &longs;ome imperceptible hole or <lb/>other, or by rea&longs;on of the motion of <lb/>Re&longs;titution in the Air, which, being &longs;ome<lb/>what compre&longs;t by the fall as well as weight <lb/>of the Quick &longs;ilver, would repell it a lit<lb/>tle upwards, and make it vibrate a little up <lb/>and down, before they could reduce each <lb/>other to &longs;uch an <emph type="italics"/>Æquilibrium<emph.end type="italics"/> as both <lb/>might re&longs;t in. </s>

<s>But though we could not <lb/>hitherto make ob&longs;ervations accurate e<lb/>nough concerning the mea&longs;ures of the <lb/>Quick-&longs;ilver's de&longs;cent, to reduce them in<lb/>to any <emph type="italics"/>Hypothe&longs;is,<emph.end type="italics"/> yet would we not di&longs;<lb/>courage any from attempting it: &longs;ince, if it <lb/>could be reduc'd to a certainty, tis proba<lb/>ble that the di&longs;covery would not be un<lb/>u&longs;eful. </s>

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<s>And &longs;ince we are fallen upon the con&longs;i<lb/>deration of the Altitude of the Mercurial <lb/>Cylinder, I mu&longs;t not conceal from Your <lb/>Lord&longs;hip an Experiment relating thereun<lb/>to, which perhaps will &longs;et both You and <lb/>many of your Friends the <emph type="italics"/>Virtuo&longs;i<emph.end type="italics"/> a think<lb/>ing; and, by di&longs;clo&longs;ing &longs;ome things a<lb/>bout the Air or Atmo&longs;phere that have <lb/>&longs;carce hitherto been taken notice of, may <lb/>afford you &longs;ome hints conducive to a fur<lb/>ther di&longs;covery of the &longs;ubject of this E<lb/>pi&longs;tle. </s>

<s>WE took a Gla&longs;s Tube, which, <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg20"></arrow.to.target><lb/>though it were not much above <lb/>three Foot long, we made choice of be<lb/>cau&longs;e it was of a more then ordinarily <lb/>even thickne&longs;s. </s>

<s>WE took a Gla&longs;s Tube, which, <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg20"/><lb/>though it were not much above <lb/>three Foot long, we made choice of be<lb/>cau&longs;e it was of a more then ordinarily <lb/>even thickne&longs;s. </s>

<s>This we fill'd with Mer<lb/>cury, though not with as much care as we <lb/>could, yet with &longs;omewhat more then is <lb/>wont to be u&longs;ed in making the <emph type="italics"/>Torricellian<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>Experiment. </s>

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<s>For the better di&longs;covery of which, when <lb/>the Quick-&longs;ilver both in the Tube and <lb/>&longs;ubjacent Ve&longs;&longs;el was perfectly at re&longs;t, we <lb/>took notice, by a mark made on the out<lb/>&longs;ide of the Gla&longs;s, how high the included <lb/>Liquor then reach'd. </s>

<s><margin.target id="marg20"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Experi<lb/>ment<emph.end type="italics"/> 18.</s>

<s><margin.target id="marg20"/><emph type="italics"/>Experi<lb/>ment<emph.end type="italics"/> 18.</s>

<s>During &longs;everal Weeks that the Tube <lb/>was kept in that Window (which was very <lb/>rarely open'd) I had the opportunity to <lb/>ob&longs;erve, that the Quick-&longs;ilver did &longs;ome<lb/>times faintly imitate the Liquor of a <lb/>Weather-gla&longs;s, &longs;ub&longs;iding a little in warm, <lb/>and ri&longs;ing a little in cold Weather, which <lb/>we a&longs;cribed to the greater or le&longs;&longs;er pre&longs;&longs;ure <lb/>of that little Air that remain'd at the top <lb/>of the Tube, expanded or conden&longs;'d by <pb xlink:href="013/01/161.jpg" pagenum="131"/>the heat or cold that affected the ambient <lb/>Air. </s>

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<s>And <lb/>I think it will ea&longs;ily be granted, that the <lb/>a&longs;cen&longs;ion of &longs;uch Steams into this or that <lb/>part of the Air, and their mixing with it, <lb/>are very like to thicken it; as on the o<lb/>ther &longs;ide either heat or the &longs;udden conden<lb/>&longs;ation of the Air in another part of the At<lb/>mo&longs;phere (to mention now no other cau<lb/>&longs;es) are capable of rarifying it. </s>

<s>Nor will it very much import the main <lb/>&longs;cope of our Di&longs;cour&longs;e, whether it be <lb/>&longs;uppo&longs;'d that the copious Steams the <lb/>earth &longs;ends into the air, thicken that part <lb/>of the Atmo&longs;phere that receives them, <lb/>and make it more heavy: Or that &longs;ome<lb/>times the Fumes may a&longs;cend with &longs;uch ce<lb/>lerity, that though the Air be thicken'd <lb/>yet they rather dimini&longs;h then en<gap/>ea&longs;e its <lb/>gravitation, in regard that the quickne&longs;s <lb/>of their a&longs;cent, not onely keeps them <lb/>from gravitating them&longs;elves, but may <lb/>hinder the pre&longs;&longs;ing downwards of many <lb/>Aërial Corpu&longs;cles that they meet with in <pb xlink:href="013/01/169.jpg" pagenum="139"/>their way upwards. </s>

<s>Nor will it very much import the main <lb/>&longs;cope of our Di&longs;cour&longs;e, whether it be <lb/>&longs;uppo&longs;'d that the copious Steams the <lb/>earth &longs;ends into the air, thicken that part <lb/>of the Atmo&longs;phere that receives them, <lb/>and make it more heavy: Or that &longs;ome<lb/>times the Fumes may a&longs;cend with &longs;uch ce<lb/>lerity, that though the Air be thicken'd <lb/>yet they rather dimini&longs;h then encrea&longs;e its <lb/>gravitation, in regard that the quickne&longs;s <lb/>of their a&longs;cent, not onely keeps them <lb/>from gravitating them&longs;elves, but may <lb/>hinder the pre&longs;&longs;ing downwards of many <lb/>Aërial Corpu&longs;cles that they meet with in <pb xlink:href="013/01/169.jpg" pagenum="139"/>their way upwards. </s>

<s>This, I &longs;ay, is of <lb/>no great importance to our pre&longs;ent Di&longs;<lb/>cour&longs;e, &longs;ince either way the Terre&longs;trial <lb/>Steam may here and there con&longs;iderably <lb/>alter the gravity or pre&longs;&longs;ure of the At<lb/>mo&longs;phere. </s>

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<s>And &longs;ince al&longs;o that according to <lb/>the bare den&longs;ity or rarity of the Air in<lb/>cumbent on the &longs;ubjacent Quick-&longs;ilver in <lb/>the Ve&longs;&longs;el, that in the Tube was impell'd <lb/>more or le&longs;s high; &longs;uch changes happen<lb/>ing in the neighboring part of the out<lb/>ward Air, either by the a&longs;cen&longs;ion of gro&longs;s <lb/>or copious exhalations, or by any other <lb/>cau&longs;e (of which there may be divers) as <lb/>were capable to make con&longs;iderable altera<lb/>tions in the con&longs;i&longs;tence of the Air, as to <lb/>rarity and den&longs;ity, <emph type="italics"/>may<emph.end type="italics"/> be able propor<lb/>tionably to alter the heighth of the <lb/>Quick-&longs;ilver: I rather &longs;ay, that &longs;uch alte<lb/>rations <emph type="italics"/>may<emph.end type="italics"/> be, then that they <emph type="italics"/>are<emph.end type="italics"/> the <lb/>cau&longs;es of our <emph type="italics"/>Phænomenon,<emph.end type="italics"/> becau&longs;e I think <lb/>it &longs;ufficient, if I have propo&longs;'d conje<lb/>ctures not altogether irrational about a <lb/>new My&longs;tery of Nature, touching which, <lb/>the chief thing I pretend to, is to give oc<lb/>ca&longs;ion to the Curious to inquire further <lb/>into it then I have been yet able to do. </s>

<s>THe &longs;ame Rea&longs;on that mov'd us to <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg21"></arrow.to.target><lb/>conclude, that by the drawing of the <lb/>Air out of the Receiver, the Mercury <lb/>would de&longs;cend in a Tube &longs;horter then &longs;ix <lb/>and twenty digits, induc'd us al&longs;o to ex-<pb xlink:href="013/01/171.jpg" pagenum="141"/>pect, that by the &longs;ame means Water <lb/>might be brought to &longs;ub&longs;ide in Gla&longs;s <lb/>Tubes of a moderate length, though by <lb/>the noble Experiment, &longs;aid to have been <lb/>accurately made in <emph type="italics"/>France<emph.end type="italics"/> by <emph type="italics"/>Mon&longs;ieur <lb/>Pa&longs;chal,<emph.end type="italics"/> we are informed that a Tube of <lb/>no le&longs;s then about two and thirty Foot, <lb/>was found requi&longs;ite to make the Experi<lb/>ment <emph type="italics"/>De Vacuo<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;ucceed with Water in<lb/>&longs;tead of Quick-&longs;ilver: &longs;o tall a Cylinder <lb/>of that lighter Liquor, being, it &longs;eems, <lb/>requi&longs;ite to equal the weight of a Mercu<lb/>rial Cylinder of &longs;ix or &longs;even and twenty <lb/>digits, and &longs;urmount the pre&longs;&longs;ure of the <lb/>Atmo&longs;phere. </s>

<s>THe &longs;ame Rea&longs;on that mov'd us to <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg21"/><lb/>conclude, that by the drawing of the <lb/>Air out of the Receiver, the Mercury <lb/>would de&longs;cend in a Tube &longs;horter then &longs;ix <lb/>and twenty digits, induc'd us al&longs;o to ex-<pb xlink:href="013/01/171.jpg" pagenum="141"/>pect, that by the &longs;ame means Water <lb/>might be brought to &longs;ub&longs;ide in Gla&longs;s <lb/>Tubes of a moderate length, though by <lb/>the noble Experiment, &longs;aid to have been <lb/>accurately made in <emph type="italics"/>France<emph.end type="italics"/> by <emph type="italics"/>Mon&longs;ieur <lb/>Pa&longs;chal,<emph.end type="italics"/> we are informed that a Tube of <lb/>no le&longs;s then about two and thirty Foot, <lb/>was found requi&longs;ite to make the Experi<lb/>ment <emph type="italics"/>De Vacuo<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;ucceed with Water in<lb/>&longs;tead of Quick-&longs;ilver: &longs;o tall a Cylinder <lb/>of that lighter Liquor, being, it &longs;eems, <lb/>requi&longs;ite to equal the weight of a Mercu<lb/>rial Cylinder of &longs;ix or &longs;even and twenty <lb/>digits, and &longs;urmount the pre&longs;&longs;ure of the <lb/>Atmo&longs;phere. </s>

<s><margin.target id="marg21"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Experi<lb/>ment<emph.end type="italics"/> 19.</s>

<s><margin.target id="marg21"/><emph type="italics"/>Experi<lb/>ment<emph.end type="italics"/> 19.</s>

<s>We took then a Tube of Gla&longs;s, Her<lb/>metically &longs;eal'd at one end, of about four <lb/>foot in length, and not very &longs;lender: This <lb/>at the open end we fill'd with common <lb/>Water, and then &longs;topt that end till we <lb/>had inverted the Tube, and open'd it be<lb/>neath the &longs;urface of a quantity of the like <lb/>Water, contain'd in a &longs;omewhat deep and <lb/>&longs;lender Ve&longs;&longs;el. </s>

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<s>We will adde no more concerning this <lb/>Experiment, &longs;ave that having try'd it in <lb/>one of our &longs;mall Receivers, we ob&longs;erv'd, <lb/>That upon the fir&longs;t ex&longs;uction of the Air <lb/>the Water did u&longs;ually &longs;ub&longs;ide divers In<lb/>ches, and at the &longs;econd (ex&longs;uction) fall <lb/>down much lower, &longs;ub&longs;iding &longs;ometimes <lb/>near two Foot; as al&longs;o that upon the let<lb/>ting in of the Air from without, the Wa<lb/>ter was impell'd up with very great ce<lb/>lerity. </s><pb xlink:href="013/01/174.jpg" pagenum="144"/>

<s>THat the Air has a notable Ela&longs;tical <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg22"></arrow.to.target><lb/>power (whence&longs;oever that proceeds) <lb/>we have, I &longs;uppo&longs;e, abundantly evinc'd, <lb/>and it begins to be acknowledg'd by the <lb/>eminente&longs;t Modern Naturali&longs;ts. </s>

<s>THat the Air has a notable Ela&longs;tical <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg22"/><lb/>power (whence&longs;oever that proceeds) <lb/>we have, I &longs;uppo&longs;e, abundantly evinc'd, <lb/>and it begins to be acknowledg'd by the <lb/>eminente&longs;t Modern Naturali&longs;ts. </s>

<s>But whe<lb/>ther or no there be in Water &longs;o much as <lb/>a languid one, &longs;eems hitherto to have been <lb/>&longs;carce con&longs;ider'd, nor has been yet, for <lb/>ought I know, determin'd either way by <lb/>any Writer, which invited us to make the <lb/>following Experiment. </s>

<s><margin.target id="marg22"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Experi<lb/>ment<emph.end type="italics"/> 20.</s>

<s><margin.target id="marg22"/><emph type="italics"/>Experi<lb/>ment<emph.end type="italics"/> 20.</s>

<s>There was taken a great Gla&longs;s-bubble, <lb/>with a long neck; (&longs;uch as Chymi&longs;ts are <lb/>wont to call a Philo&longs;ophical Egg) which <lb/>being fill'd with common Water till the <lb/>Liquor reach'd about a &longs;pan above the <lb/>bubble, and a piece of Paper being there <lb/>pa&longs;ted on, was put un&longs;top'd into the Re<lb/>ceiver, and then the Air was &longs;uck'd out <lb/>after the wonted manner. </s>

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<s>As for the other <emph type="italics"/>Phænome<lb/>na<emph.end type="italics"/> of this Experiment, &longs;ince they belong <lb/>not to our pre&longs;ent purpo&longs;e, and are partly <lb/>mention'd in another of our Papers, we <lb/>&longs;hall, in&longs;tead of recording them here, give <lb/>this Adverti&longs;ement: That as evidently <lb/>as this Experiment, and that made in our <lb/>Receiver, &longs;eem to prove a power in the <lb/>Water to expand and re&longs;tore it &longs;elf after <lb/>compre&longs;&longs;ion; yet for a rea&longs;on to be met <lb/>with ere long, I judged it not &longs;afe to in<lb/>fer that Conclu&longs;ion from the&longs;e Premi&longs;es, <lb/>till I had made &longs;ome of the following try<lb/>als, to the mention of which I will there<lb/>fore ha&longs;ten. </s>

<s>TO di&longs;cover whether the Expan&longs;ion <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg23"></arrow.to.target><lb/>of the Water really proceeded <lb/>from an Ela&longs;tical power in the parts of <lb/>the Water it &longs;elf, we thought it requi&longs;ite <lb/>to try two things: The one, Whether or no <lb/>the Atmo&longs;phere gravitates upon Bodies <lb/>under Water; and the other, Whether <lb/>in ca&longs;e it do gravitate, the Intume&longs;cence <lb/>of the Water may not be a&longs;cribed to &longs;ome <pb xlink:href="013/01/178.jpg" pagenum="148"/>&longs;ub&longs;tance &longs;ubtler then it &longs;elf, re&longs;iding m<lb/>it. </s>

<s>TO di&longs;cover whether the Expan&longs;ion <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg23"/><lb/>of the Water really proceeded <lb/>from an Ela&longs;tical power in the parts of <lb/>the Water it &longs;elf, we thought it requi&longs;ite <lb/>to try two things: The one, Whether or no <lb/>the Atmo&longs;phere gravitates upon Bodies <lb/>under Water; and the other, Whether <lb/>in ca&longs;e it do gravitate, the Intume&longs;cence <lb/>of the Water may not be a&longs;cribed to &longs;ome <pb xlink:href="013/01/178.jpg" pagenum="148"/>&longs;ub&longs;tance &longs;ubtler then it &longs;elf, re&longs;iding m<lb/>it. </s>

<s>In order to the &longs;atisfying my &longs;elf about <lb/>the fir&longs;t of the&longs;e, I intended to let down <lb/>into the Receiver a Ve&longs;&longs;el of Water, <lb/>wherein &longs;hould be immer&longs;'d a very &longs;mall <lb/>oyl'd Bladder, almo&longs;t devoid of Air, but <lb/>&longs;trongly <gap/>'d up at the Neck with a &longs;tring, <lb/>and detain'd a little under Water by &longs;uch <lb/>a weight fa&longs;ten'd to that &longs;tring, as &longs;hould <lb/>ju&longs;t be able to keep the Bladder from <lb/>&longs;wimming, and no more. </s>

<s>In order to the &longs;atisfying my &longs;elf about <lb/>the fir&longs;t of the&longs;e, I intended to let down <lb/>into the Receiver a Ve&longs;&longs;el of Water, <lb/>wherein &longs;hould be immer&longs;'d a very &longs;mall <lb/>oyl'd Bladder, almo&longs;t devoid of Air, but <lb/>&longs;trongly ty'd up at the Neck with a &longs;tring, <lb/>and detain'd a little under Water by &longs;uch <lb/>a weight fa&longs;ten'd to that &longs;tring, as &longs;hould <lb/>ju&longs;t be able to keep the Bladder from <lb/>&longs;wimming, and no more. </s>

<s>For I &longs;uppo&longs;'d, <lb/>that if when all things were thus order'd, <lb/>the Receiver were empty'd, in ca&longs;e there <lb/>were any &longs;uch pre&longs;&longs;ure of the Atmo&longs;phere <lb/>upon Water, as I was inclin'd to believe, <lb/>the Air within the Bladder, being upon the <lb/>ex&longs;uction of the Air within the Receiver, <lb/>freed from that pre&longs;&longs;ure, and being pre&longs;&longs;'d <lb/>onely by the &longs;mall weight of the in<lb/>cumbent Water, would con&longs;iderably ex<lb/>pand it &longs;elf; but whil'&longs;t we were prepa<lb/>ring Bladders for this Experiment, there <lb/>occurr'd an ea&longs;ie way for the making at <lb/>once both the Di&longs;coveries I de&longs;ir'd. </s>

<s><margin.target id="marg23"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Experi<lb/>ment<emph.end type="italics"/> 21.</s>

<s><margin.target id="marg23"/><emph type="italics"/>Experi<lb/>ment<emph.end type="italics"/> 21.</s>

<s>We took then a Gla&longs;s Viol, containing <lb/>by ghe&longs;s a pound and &longs;ome ounces of <lb/>Water, this we fill'd top full, and then <lb/>we put into the Neck of it a Gla&longs;s Pipe <lb/>a pretty deal bigger then a Goo&longs;e Quill, <pb xlink:href="013/01/179.jpg" pagenum="149"/>open at both ends, and of divers Inches <lb/>in length: One end of this Pipe was &longs;o <lb/>put into the Neck of the Viol, as to reach <lb/>a little below it, and then was carefully <lb/>cemented thereto that no Air might get <lb/>into the Viol, nor no Water get out of <lb/>it, otherwi&longs;e then through the Pipe; and <lb/>then the Pipe being warily fill'd, about <lb/>half way up to the top, with more Wa<lb/>ter, and a mark being pa&longs;ted over again&longs;t <lb/>the upper &longs;urface of the Liquor; the Viol <lb/>thus fitted with the Pipe, was, by &longs;trings <lb/>let down into the Receiver, and according <lb/>to the wonted manner exqui&longs;itely clo&longs;'d <lb/>up in it. </s>

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<s>But if it be demanded how it <lb/>appears that there is inter&longs;per&longs;'d through <lb/>the Body of Water any &longs;ub&longs;tance thinner <pb xlink:href="013/01/185.jpg" pagenum="155"/>then it &longs;elf, and why that which produc'd <lb/>the bubbles above mention'd &longs;hould not <lb/>be re&longs;olutely &longs;aid to be nothing el&longs;e then <lb/>a more active and &longs;pirituous part of the <lb/>Water, we &longs;hall, in order to the Elucida<lb/>tion of this matter, &longs;ubjoyn to what <lb/>was formerly deliver'd the following Ex<lb/>periment. </s>

<s>WE recited in our nineteenth Ex<lb/>periment, how by drawing mo&longs;t <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg24"></arrow.to.target><lb/>of the Air out of the Receiver, we made <lb/>the Water &longs;ub&longs;ide by degrees in a Gla&longs;s <lb/>not four Foot long: We &longs;hall now adde, <lb/>that in the like Experiment made in &longs;uch <lb/>a Tube, or a greater, it may be ob&longs;erv'd, <lb/>That when the Water begins to fall, there <lb/>will appear &longs;tore of bubbles fa&longs;ten'd all a<lb/>long to the &longs;ides of the Gla&longs;s; of which <lb/>bubbles, by the agitation of the Ve&longs;&longs;el <lb/>con&longs;equent upon pumping, there will ari&longs;e <lb/>good numbers to the top of the Water, <lb/>and there break; and as the Cylinder of <lb/>Water is brought to be lower and lower, <lb/>&longs;o the bubbles will appear more numerous <lb/>in that part of the Tube which the Water <lb/>yet fills; and the nearer the &longs;urface of the <lb/>Water, in its de&longs;cent, approaches to the&longs;e <pb xlink:href="013/01/186.jpg" pagenum="156"/>bubbles, the greater they will grow, be<lb/>cau&longs;e having the le&longs;s weight and pre&longs;&longs;ure <lb/>upon them, the Expan&longs;ion of that Air <lb/>which makes them, can be the le&longs;s re&longs;i&longs;ted <lb/>by the pre&longs;&longs;ure of the incumbent Water <lb/>and Air; as &longs;eems probable from hence, <lb/>that upon the letting in a little external <lb/>Air, tho&longs;e bubbles immediately &longs;hrink. </s>

<s>WE recited in our nineteenth Ex<lb/>periment, how by drawing mo&longs;t <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg24"/><lb/>of the Air out of the Receiver, we made <lb/>the Water &longs;ub&longs;ide by degrees in a Gla&longs;s <lb/>not four Foot long: We &longs;hall now adde, <lb/>that in the like Experiment made in &longs;uch <lb/>a Tube, or a greater, it may be ob&longs;erv'd, <lb/>That when the Water begins to fall, there <lb/>will appear &longs;tore of bubbles fa&longs;ten'd all a<lb/>long to the &longs;ides of the Gla&longs;s; of which <lb/>bubbles, by the agitation of the Ve&longs;&longs;el <lb/>con&longs;equent upon pumping, there will ari&longs;e <lb/>good numbers to the top of the Water, <lb/>and there break; and as the Cylinder of <lb/>Water is brought to be lower and lower, <lb/>&longs;o the bubbles will appear more numerous <lb/>in that part of the Tube which the Water <lb/>yet fills; and the nearer the &longs;urface of the <lb/>Water, in its de&longs;cent, approaches to the&longs;e <pb xlink:href="013/01/186.jpg" pagenum="156"/>bubbles, the greater they will grow, be<lb/>cau&longs;e having the le&longs;s weight and pre&longs;&longs;ure <lb/>upon them, the Expan&longs;ion of that Air <lb/>which makes them, can be the le&longs;s re&longs;i&longs;ted <lb/>by the pre&longs;&longs;ure of the incumbent Water <lb/>and Air; as &longs;eems probable from hence, <lb/>that upon the letting in a little external <lb/>Air, tho&longs;e bubbles immediately &longs;hrink. </s>

<s><margin.target id="marg24"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Experi<lb/>ment<emph.end type="italics"/> 22.</s>

<s><margin.target id="marg24"/><emph type="italics"/>Experi<lb/>ment<emph.end type="italics"/> 22.</s>

<s>It may indeed, as we lately intimated, <lb/>be conjectur'd, that the&longs;e bubbles pro<lb/>ceed not &longs;o much from any Air pre-exi<lb/>&longs;tent in the Water, and lurking in the <lb/>Pores of it, as from the more &longs;ubtle parts <lb/>of the Water it &longs;elf; which by the expan<lb/>&longs;ion allow'd them upon the dimini&longs;h'd <lb/>pre&longs;&longs;ure of the ambient Bodies may gene<lb/>rate &longs;uch bubbles. </s>

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<s>Next, Experience may be pleaded to <lb/>the &longs;ame purpo&longs;e, for I have read of &longs;ome <lb/>who have in vain attempted to turn Air <lb/>into Water, or VVater into Air. </s>

<s>The diligent <emph type="italics"/>Schottus<emph.end type="italics"/> tells us, That a<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg25"></arrow.to.target><lb/>mong&longs;t the other rarities to be met with <lb/>in that great Repo&longs;itory of them, the <lb/><emph type="italics"/>Mu&longs;æum Kercherianum,<emph.end type="italics"/> there is a round <lb/>Gla&longs;s with a tapering Neck near half full <lb/>(as one may gue&longs;s by the Scheme he an<lb/>nexes) of ordinary Spring-water, which <lb/>having been Hermetically &longs;hut up there <lb/>by <emph type="italics"/>Clavius<emph.end type="italics"/> the famous Geometrician, <lb/>The included water is to this day pre<lb/>&longs;erv'd, not onely clear and pure, as if <lb/>it were but newly put in: But (as it &longs;eems) <pb xlink:href="013/01/194.jpg" pagenum="164"/>without (in the lea&longs;t) turning into Air, <lb/>notwith&longs;tanding its having been kept <lb/>there the&longs;e fifty years: For he tells us, <lb/>That the Water hath continued there all <lb/>this while without any diminution. </s>

<s>The diligent <emph type="italics"/>Schottus<emph.end type="italics"/> tells us, That a<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg25"/><lb/>mong&longs;t the other rarities to be met with <lb/>in that great Repo&longs;itory of them, the <lb/><emph type="italics"/>Mu&longs;æum Kercherianum,<emph.end type="italics"/> there is a round <lb/>Gla&longs;s with a tapering Neck near half full <lb/>(as one may gue&longs;s by the Scheme he an<lb/>nexes) of ordinary Spring-water, which <lb/>having been Hermetically &longs;hut up there <lb/>by <emph type="italics"/>Clavius<emph.end type="italics"/> the famous Geometrician, <lb/>The included water is to this day pre<lb/>&longs;erv'd, not onely clear and pure, as if <lb/>it were but newly put in: But (as it &longs;eems) <pb xlink:href="013/01/194.jpg" pagenum="164"/>without (in the lea&longs;t) turning into Air, <lb/>notwith&longs;tanding its having been kept <lb/>there the&longs;e fifty years: For he tells us, <lb/>That the Water hath continued there all <lb/>this while without any diminution. </s>

<s><margin.target id="marg25"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Schottus <lb/><gap/><emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>Part 3. <lb/>Cla&longs;&longs;. </s>

<s><margin.target id="marg25"/><emph type="italics"/>Schottus <lb/><gap/><emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>Part 3. <lb/>Cla&longs;&longs;. </s>

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<s>La&longs;tly, The Experiment formerly made <lb/>in our Engine with a piece of Match, <lb/>&longs;eems to evince, that even tho&longs;e light and <pb xlink:href="013/01/196.jpg" pagenum="166"/>&longs;ubtle Fumes (for the mo&longs;t part not aque<lb/>ous neither) into which the Fire it &longs;elf <lb/>&longs;hatters dry Bodies, have no &longs;uch Spring <lb/>in them as the Air, &longs;ince they were unable <lb/>to hinder or repre&longs;s the expan&longs;ion of the <lb/>Air included in the Bladder they &longs;urroun<lb/>ded. </s>

<s>I remember indeed that the Learned <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg26"></arrow.to.target><lb/><emph type="italics"/>Fo&longs;ephus Aco&longs;ta,<emph.end type="italics"/> in his Hi&longs;tory of the <lb/><emph type="italics"/>We&longs;t Indies,<emph.end type="italics"/> tells us, That he &longs;aw in tho&longs;e <lb/>parts &longs;ome Grates of Iron &longs;o ru&longs;ted and <lb/>con&longs;um'd by the Air, that the Metal be<lb/>ing pre&longs;&longs;'d between the Fingers, di&longs;&longs;olv'd <lb/>(to u&longs;e his words) to powder, as if it had <lb/>been Hay or parched Straw. </s>

<s>I remember indeed that the Learned <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg26"/><lb/><emph type="italics"/>Fo&longs;ephus Aco&longs;ta,<emph.end type="italics"/> in his Hi&longs;tory of the <lb/><emph type="italics"/>We&longs;t Indies,<emph.end type="italics"/> tells us, That he &longs;aw in tho&longs;e <lb/>parts &longs;ome Grates of Iron &longs;o ru&longs;ted and <lb/>con&longs;um'd by the Air, that the Metal be<lb/>ing pre&longs;&longs;'d between the Fingers, di&longs;&longs;olv'd <lb/>(to u&longs;e his words) to powder, as if it had <lb/>been Hay or parched Straw. </s>

<s>And I re<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg27"></arrow.to.target><lb/>member too, that the accurate <emph type="italics"/>Varenius<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>tells us, That in the I&longs;lands commonly <lb/>called <emph type="italics"/>Azores,<emph.end type="italics"/> the Air (and Wind) is &longs;o <lb/>&longs;harp, that in a &longs;hort time it frets not only <lb/>Iron Plates, but the very Tiles upon the <lb/>Roofs of Hou&longs;es, and reduces them to <lb/>du&longs;t. </s>

<s>And I re<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg27"/><lb/>member too, that the accurate <emph type="italics"/>Varenius<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>tells us, That in the I&longs;lands commonly <lb/>called <emph type="italics"/>Azores,<emph.end type="italics"/> the Air (and Wind) is &longs;o <lb/>&longs;harp, that in a &longs;hort time it frets not only <lb/>Iron Plates, but the very Tiles upon the <lb/>Roofs of Hou&longs;es, and reduces them to <lb/>du&longs;t. </s>

<s>And I have el&longs;ewhere mention'd <lb/>&longs;ome recent Ob&longs;ervations of this kinde. <lb/></s>

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<s>For though <lb/>I may &longs;eem to have u&longs;ed &longs;ufficient cauti<lb/>on, yet afterward con&longs;idering with my <lb/>&longs;elf that the <emph type="italics"/>Æolipile<emph.end type="italics"/> I had imploy'd was <lb/>a very large one, and that it required much <lb/>more care then one that has not try'd it <pb xlink:href="013/01/199.jpg" pagenum="169"/>would imagine, to drive out all the Air <lb/>from a large <emph type="italics"/>Æolipile,<emph.end type="italics"/> I ea&longs;ily &longs;u&longs;pected <lb/>that the di&longs;ten&longs;ion of the Bladder in our <lb/>pneumatical Ve&longs;&longs;el, might proceed not <lb/>from the Watery &longs;teams that came out at <lb/>the narrow mouth of the <emph type="italics"/>Æolipile,<emph.end type="italics"/> and <lb/>had very much wetted the Bladder, but <lb/>from the rarified Air which in that &longs;ort of <lb/>Ve&longs;&longs;els is wont for a good while together <lb/>to come out with the rarified Water: and <lb/>accordingly having reiterated the Experi<lb/>ment I found it very difficult (by rea<lb/>&longs;on of the &longs;hrinking of the Bladders (up<lb/>on their being heated) and of other impe<lb/>diments) to make it &longs;o accurately as to de<lb/>duce from it, that Water may be rarified <lb/>into true Air. </s>

<s><margin.target id="marg26"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Natural & <lb/><gap/> Hi&longs;t. <lb/><gap/> In<lb/><gap/>,<emph.end type="italics"/> Lib. 3. <lb/><gap/> 9.</s>

<s><margin.target id="marg26"/><emph type="italics"/>Natural & <lb/><gap/> Hi&longs;t. <lb/><gap/> In<lb/><gap/>,<emph.end type="italics"/> Lib. 3. <lb/><gap/> 9.</s>

<s><margin.target id="marg27"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Geogr. </s>

<s><margin.target id="marg27"/><emph type="italics"/>Geogr. </s>

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<s>And <lb/>(though it may &longs;eem &longs;omewhat prolix) <lb/>we will recite what he delivers in his own <lb/>words, which are the&longs;e. </s>

<s><emph type="italics"/>Cum codem tempore quo hæc &longs;crip&longs;i<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg28"></arrow.to.target><lb/><emph type="italics"/>&longs;ummi Pont: Innocentii<emph.end type="italics"/> X<emph type="sup"/>mi<emph.end type="sup"/> <emph type="italics"/>mandato or<lb/>gani hydraulici in horto Quirinali con&longs;ti<lb/>tuendi cur a mihi commendata e&longs;&longs;et; Æoliam <lb/>camer am in&longs;igni &longs;ane &longs;ucce&longs;&longs;u con&longs;trui ju&longs;si<lb/>mus, eá quæ &longs;equitur ratione.<emph.end type="italics"/></s>

<s><emph type="italics"/>Cum codem tempore quo hæc &longs;crip&longs;i<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg28"/><lb/><emph type="italics"/>&longs;ummi Pont: Innocentii<emph.end type="italics"/> X<emph type="sup"/>mi<emph.end type="sup"/> <emph type="italics"/>mandato or<lb/>gani hydraulici in horto Quirinali con&longs;ti<lb/>tuendi cur a mihi commendata e&longs;&longs;et; Æoliam <lb/>camer am in&longs;igni &longs;ane &longs;ucce&longs;&longs;u con&longs;trui ju&longs;si<lb/>mus, eá quæ &longs;equitur ratione.<emph.end type="italics"/></s>

<s><margin.target id="marg28"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/><gap/>: Art: <lb/>Mag: Cun: <lb/>& Di&longs;&longs;on: <lb/><gap/>.<emph.end type="italics"/> 9. <lb/><gap/> 309.</s>

<s><margin.target id="marg28"/><emph type="italics"/>Kirch: Art: <lb/>Mag: Con: <lb/>& Di&longs;&longs;on: <lb/>lib.<emph.end type="italics"/> 9. <lb/>p. 309.</s>

<s><emph type="italics"/>Erat longitudo &longs;ive altitudo cameræ<emph.end type="italics"/> AH <lb/>5 <emph type="italics"/>Pedum, Latitudine<emph.end type="italics"/> 3 <emph type="italics"/>fere ex lateribus<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg29"></arrow.to.target><lb/><emph type="italics"/>con&longs;tructa; in medio duo tenebat Diaphrag<lb/>mata<emph.end type="italics"/> CD <emph type="italics"/>&<emph.end type="italics"/> EJ <emph type="italics"/>in modum cribri pluri<lb/>bus for aminibus pertu&longs;a. </s>

<s><emph type="italics"/>Erat longitudo &longs;ive altitudo cameræ<emph.end type="italics"/> AH <lb/>5 <emph type="italics"/>Pedum, Latitudine<emph.end type="italics"/> 3 <emph type="italics"/>fere ex lateribus<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg29"/><lb/><emph type="italics"/>con&longs;tructa; in medio duo tenebat Diaphrag<lb/>mata<emph.end type="italics"/> CD <emph type="italics"/>&<emph.end type="italics"/> EJ <emph type="italics"/>in modum cribri pluri<lb/>bus for aminibus pertu&longs;a. </s>

<s>Paulo infra ca<lb/>nalis<emph.end type="italics"/> G <emph type="italics"/>aquam advehens in&longs;erebatur in<emph.end type="italics"/> H <lb/><emph type="italics"/>eidem epi&longs;tomium par ab at exitum. </s>

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<s>Et hunc modum <lb/>organis hydraulicis <expan abbr="omni&utilde;">omnium</expan> <expan abbr="apti&longs;sim&utilde;">apti&longs;simum</expan> reperi.<emph.end type="italics"/></s>

<s><margin.target id="marg29"/><emph type="italics"/>See the fif<lb/>teenth Fi<lb/>gure.<emph.end type="italics"/></s>

<s><emph type="italics"/>Debet autem cameræ illa &longs;ituari in loco <lb/>quantum fieri pote&longs;t &longs;icciori it a ut longo ca<lb/>nali aqua intr a eam derivetur ne locus hu<lb/>miditate &longs;ua Organis officiat.<emph.end type="italics"/></s>

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<s>And though it be not impo&longs;&longs;ible <lb/>to propo&longs;e Objections again&longs;t the&longs;e, as <lb/>well as again&longs;t what has been repre&longs;ented <lb/>in favor of the contrary Doctrine; yet <lb/>having already almo&longs;t tyr'd my &longs;elf, and <lb/>I fear more then almo&longs;t tyr'd Your Lord<lb/>&longs;hip with &longs;o trouble&longs;ome an Enquiry af<lb/>ter the Nature of bubbles, I &longs;hall wil<lb/>lingly leave Your Lord&longs;hip to judge of <lb/>the Arguments alledged on either &longs;ide, <lb/>and I &longs;hould &longs;carce have ventur'd to enter<lb/>tain You &longs;o long concerning &longs;uch empty <lb/>things as the Bubbles, which have occa<lb/>&longs;ion'd all this Di&longs;cour&longs;e, but that I am <lb/>willing to invite You to take notice with <lb/>me of the ob&longs;curity of things, or the dim<lb/>ne&longs;s of our created Intellects (which yet <lb/>of late too many &longs;o far pre&longs;ume upon, as <lb/>either to Deny or Cen&longs;ure the Almighty <lb/>and Omni&longs;cient Creator him&longs;elf) and to <lb/>learn hence this Le&longs;&longs;on, That there are <lb/>very many Things in Nature that we di&longs;<lb/>dainfully over-look as obvious or de&longs;pi-<pb xlink:href="013/01/212.jpg" pagenum="182"/>cable, each of which would exerci&longs;e our <lb/>Under&longs;tandings, if not po&longs;e them too, if <lb/>we would but attentively enough con&longs;ider <lb/>it, and not &longs;uperficially contemplate, but <lb/>attempt &longs;atisfactorily to explicate the na<lb/>ture of it. </s>

<s>SInce the writing of the twenty one and <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg30"></arrow.to.target><lb/>twenty &longs;econd Experiments (and not<lb/>with&longs;tanding all that hath been on their <lb/>occa&longs;ion deliver'd concerning bubbles) we <lb/>made &longs;ome further tryals in pro&longs;ecution <lb/>of the &longs;ame inquiry whereto they were <lb/>de&longs;igned. </s>

<s>SInce the writing of the twenty one and <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg30"/><lb/>twenty &longs;econd Experiments (and not<lb/>with&longs;tanding all that hath been on their <lb/>occa&longs;ion deliver'd concerning bubbles) we <lb/>made &longs;ome further tryals in pro&longs;ecution <lb/>of the &longs;ame inquiry whereto they were <lb/>de&longs;igned. </s>

<s><margin.target id="marg30"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Experi<lb/>ment<emph.end type="italics"/> 23.</s>

<s><margin.target id="marg30"/><emph type="italics"/>Experi<lb/>ment<emph.end type="italics"/> 23.</s>

<s>We cho&longs;e then, among&longs;t tho&longs;e Gla&longs;&longs;es <lb/>which Chymi&longs;ts are wont to call Philo&longs;o<lb/>phical Eggs, one that containing about <lb/>nine Ounces of Water, had a Neck of <lb/>half an Inch in Diameter at the top, and <lb/>as we ghe&longs;t, almo&longs;t an Inch at the bot<lb/>tom; which breadth we pitch'd upon for <lb/>a rea&longs;on that will by and by appear: then <lb/>filling it with common Water to the <lb/>height of about a Foot and a half, &longs;o <lb/>that the upper part remain'd empty, we <lb/>&longs;hut it into the Receiver, and watch'd what <lb/>would follow upon pumping, which pro-<pb xlink:href="013/01/213.jpg" pagenum="183"/>ved that a great part of the Air being <lb/>drawn out, the bubbles began to di&longs;cover <lb/>them&longs;elves at the bottom and &longs;ides of the <lb/>Gla&longs;s; and increa&longs;ing, as the Air was <lb/>more and more drawn away, they did <lb/>from time to time a&longs;cend copiou&longs;ly e<lb/>nough to the top of the Water, and there <lb/>quickly break: but by rea&longs;on that the <lb/>widene&longs;s of the Gla&longs;s allow'd them free <lb/>pa&longs;&longs;age through the Water, they did not <lb/>appear as in the former Experiments to <lb/>make it &longs;well: The Water &longs;carce ever ri<lb/>&longs;ing at all above the mark affixt to its up<lb/>per &longs;urface when it was put in, and upon <lb/>the return permitted to the outward Air, <lb/>and con&longs;equently the &longs;hrinking in of the <lb/>remaining bubbles, the Water &longs;eem'd to <lb/>have lo&longs;t of its fir&longs;t extent, by the avo<lb/>lation of the formerly inter&longs;per&longs;'d Air. </s>

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<s>And la&longs;tly, upon the letting in of the <lb/>Air, the Water in the &longs;traightned Neck <lb/>&longs;oon &longs;ub&longs;ided to the mark above which <lb/>it had &longs;wollen, which whether it ought <lb/>to be a&longs;crib'd to the &longs;ame &longs;mall expan&longs;ion <lb/>of the parts of the Water it &longs;elf, or to <lb/>the rarifaction of &longs;ome yet latitant Air <lb/>broken into &longs;uch &longs;mall particles, as to e<lb/>&longs;cape our ob&longs;ervation, &longs;eems not ea&longs;ily <lb/>determinable, without &longs;uch further tryals, <lb/>as would perhaps prove tedious to be re<lb/>cited as well as to be made; though I was <pb xlink:href="013/01/217.jpg" pagenum="187"/>content to &longs;et down tho&longs;e already men<lb/>tion'd, that it might appear how requi<lb/>&longs;ite it is in nice Experiments to con&longs;ider <lb/>variety of Circum&longs;tances. </s>

<s>AFter having thus di&longs;cover'd what ope<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg31"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ration the ex&longs;uction of the ambient <lb/>Air had upon Water, we thought good <lb/>to try al&longs;o what changes would happen in <lb/>other Liquors upon the like taking off the <lb/>pre&longs;&longs;ure of the external Air. </s>

<s>AFter having thus di&longs;cover'd what ope<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg31"/><lb/>ration the ex&longs;uction of the ambient <lb/>Air had upon Water, we thought good <lb/>to try al&longs;o what changes would happen in <lb/>other Liquors upon the like taking off the <lb/>pre&longs;&longs;ure of the external Air. </s>

<s>We took <lb/>then a Gla&longs;s Egge, &longs;omewhat bigger then <lb/>a Turkey Egge, which had a long Neck <lb/>or Stem of about a 1/3 part of an Inch in <lb/>Diameter; and filling it up with Sallet <lb/>Oyl until it reach'd above half way to the <lb/>top of the Neck, we inclo&longs;'d it in the Re<lb/>ceiver together with common Water in <lb/>a re&longs;embling Ve&longs;&longs;el, that we might the <lb/>better compare together the operation of <lb/>the ex&longs;uction of the Air upon tho&longs;e two <lb/>Liquors. </s>

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<s>In which it was <lb/>further remarkable, that between the time <lb/>it was &longs;et into the Receiver, and that at <lb/>which we could get ready to Pump, it &longs;ub<lb/>&longs;ided notably (by ghe&longs;s about half an <lb/>Inch) below the mark it reach'd before it <lb/>was put in. </s>

<s><margin.target id="marg31"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Experi<lb/>ment<emph.end type="italics"/> 24.</s>

<s><margin.target id="marg31"/><emph type="italics"/>Experi<lb/>ment<emph.end type="italics"/> 24.</s>

<s>After this expre&longs;&longs;'d Oyl, we made tryal <lb/>of a di&longs;till'd one, and for that purpo&longs;e <lb/>made choice of the common Oyl or Spi<lb/>rit (for in the Shops where it is &longs;old, the <lb/>&longs;ame Liquor is promi&longs;cuou&longs;ly call'd by ei<lb/>ther name) of Turpentine; becau&longs;e 'twas <lb/>onely of that Chymical Oyl, we had a <lb/>&longs;ufficient quantity: which, being put in<lb/>to a &longs;mall Gla&longs;s bubble with a &longs;lender <lb/>Neck, &longs;o as to fill it to about two Inches <lb/>from the top, did, upon the evacuating <lb/>of the Receiver, pre&longs;ent us with great <lb/>&longs;tore of bubbles; mo&longs;t of which ri&longs;ing <lb/>from the bottom, expanded them&longs;elves <lb/>exceedingly in their a&longs;cent, and made the <lb/>Liquor in the Neck to &longs;well &longs;o much by <lb/>degrees, that at length it divers times ran <pb xlink:href="013/01/219.jpg" pagenum="189"/>over at the top: by which means, we <lb/>were hindred from being able to di&longs;cern <lb/>upon the letting in of the Air, how much <lb/>the &longs;ub&longs;idence of the Oyl below the fir&longs;t <lb/>mark was due to the rece&longs;s of the bub<lb/>bles. </s>

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<s>And for <lb/>better &longs;atisfaction having taken out the <lb/>Gla&longs;s, and con&longs;ider'd it in the open Air, <lb/>and at a Window, I could not finde that <lb/>there was any remaining Bubbles that <lb/>could occa&longs;ion the per&longs;evering and ad<lb/>mir'd expan&longs;ion. </s>

<s>BEing de&longs;irous to di&longs;cover what diffe<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg32"></arrow.to.target><lb/>rence there might be as to gravity and <lb/>levity, between Air expanded under Wa<lb/>ter, and it &longs;elfe before &longs;uch expan&longs;ion; we <lb/>took two very &longs;mall Viols, &longs;uch as Chy<lb/>mical E&longs;&longs;ences (as they call them) are wont <lb/>to be kept in, and of the &longs;ize and &longs;hape ex<lb/>pre&longs;&longs;ed by the 8<emph type="sup"/>th<emph.end type="sup"/> Figure: into one of the&longs;e <pb xlink:href="013/01/226.jpg" pagenum="196"/>we put &longs;o much of a certain ponderous <lb/>Mercurial mixture (hapning to be then at <lb/>hand) that the mouth being &longs;topt with a <lb/>little &longs;oft Wax, the Gla&longs;s would ju&longs;t &longs;ink <lb/>in Water and no more; this we let fall to <lb/>the bottom of a wide-mouth'd Cry&longs;tal <lb/>Jar, fill'd with about half a pint of com<lb/>mon Water, and into the &longs;ame Ve&longs;&longs;el we <lb/>&longs;unk the other E&longs;&longs;ence Gla&longs;s un&longs;topp'd, <lb/>with as much Water in it as was more <lb/>then &longs;ufficient to make it &longs;ub&longs;ide. </s>

<s>BEing de&longs;irous to di&longs;cover what diffe<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg32"/><lb/>rence there might be as to gravity and <lb/>levity, between Air expanded under Wa<lb/>ter, and it &longs;elfe before &longs;uch expan&longs;ion; we <lb/>took two very &longs;mall Viols, &longs;uch as Chy<lb/>mical E&longs;&longs;ences (as they call them) are wont <lb/>to be kept in, and of the &longs;ize and &longs;hape ex<lb/>pre&longs;&longs;ed by the 8<emph type="sup"/>th<emph.end type="sup"/> Figure: into one of the&longs;e <pb xlink:href="013/01/226.jpg" pagenum="196"/>we put &longs;o much of a certain ponderous <lb/>Mercurial mixture (hapning to be then at <lb/>hand) that the mouth being &longs;topt with a <lb/>little &longs;oft Wax, the Gla&longs;s would ju&longs;t &longs;ink <lb/>in Water and no more; this we let fall to <lb/>the bottom of a wide-mouth'd Cry&longs;tal <lb/>Jar, fill'd with about half a pint of com<lb/>mon Water, and into the &longs;ame Ve&longs;&longs;el we <lb/>&longs;unk the other E&longs;&longs;ence Gla&longs;s un&longs;topp'd, <lb/>with as much Water in it as was more <lb/>then &longs;ufficient to make it &longs;ub&longs;ide. </s>

<s>Both <lb/>the&longs;e &longs;unk with their mouthes downward, <lb/>the former being about three quarters full <lb/>of Air, the latter containing in it a bub<lb/>ble of Air that was ghe&longs;&longs;'d to be of the <lb/>bigne&longs;s of half a Pea: This done, the <lb/>wide-mouth'd Gla&longs;s was let down into <lb/>the Receiver, and the way of imploy<lb/>ing the Engine was carefully made u&longs;e <lb/>of. </s>

<s><margin.target id="marg32"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Experi<lb/>ment<emph.end type="italics"/> 25.</s>

<s><margin.target id="marg32"/><emph type="italics"/>Experi<lb/>ment<emph.end type="italics"/> 25.</s>

<s>The &longs;ucce&longs;s was, That having drawn <lb/>out a pretty quantity of Air, the bubbles <lb/>began to di&longs;clo&longs;e them&longs;elves in the Wa<lb/>ter, as in the former Experiments; and <lb/>though for a good while after the bubbles <lb/>a&longs;cended in &longs;warms from the lower parts <lb/>of the Water, and ha&longs;tily broke at the <lb/>top; yet we pro&longs;ecuted the Experiment <lb/>&longs;o long without &longs;eeing any effect wrought <pb xlink:href="013/01/227.jpg" pagenum="197"/>upon the E&longs;&longs;ence: Bottles, that we began <lb/>to di&longs;pair of &longs;eeing either of them ri&longs;e, but <lb/>continuing to ply the Pump, that little <lb/>Gla&longs;s, who&longs;e mouth was open'd, came to <lb/>the top of the Water, being, as it were, <lb/>boy'd up thither by a great number of <lb/>bubbles that had fa&longs;tned them&longs;elves to <lb/>the &longs;ides of it; &longs;wimming thus with the <lb/>mouth downward, we could ea&longs;ily per<lb/>ceive that the internal Air above men<lb/>tion'd had much delated it &longs;elf, and there<lb/>by &longs;eem'd to have contributed to the e<lb/>merging of the Gla&longs;s, which remain'd <lb/>floating, notwith&longs;tanding the breaking <lb/>and vani&longs;hing of mo&longs;t of the contiguous <lb/>bubbles: being hereby incouraged to per<lb/>&longs;i&longs;t in pumping, we ob&longs;erved with &longs;ome <lb/>plea&longs;ure, that at each time we turn'd the <lb/>Key, the Air in the little Gla&longs;s did mani<lb/>fe&longs;tly expand it &longs;elf and thru&longs;t out the wa<lb/>ter, generally retaining a very protuberant <lb/>&longs;urface where it was contiguous to the re<lb/>maining Water. </s>

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<s>But <lb/>I think it will not be ami&longs;s to note, that <pb xlink:href="013/01/232.jpg" pagenum="202"/>(congruou&longs;ly to what hath been above <lb/>recorded of the va&longs;t expan&longs;ion of the Air) <lb/>the Water which in the heavier Viol &longs;uc<lb/>ceeded in the room of tho&longs;e forty odde, if <lb/>not fifty great bubbles of Air, which at <lb/>&longs;everal times got out of it, amounted but <lb/>to a very incon&longs;iderable bigne&longs;s. </s>

<s>IT having been ob&longs;erv'd by tho&longs;e that <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg33"></arrow.to.target><lb/>have con&longs;ider'd what belongs to <emph type="italics"/>Pendu<lb/>lums<emph.end type="italics"/> (a Speculation that may, in my <lb/>poor judgement, be highly u&longs;eful to the <lb/>Naturali&longs;ts) that their Vibrations are <lb/>more &longs;lowly made, and that their moti<lb/>on la&longs;ts le&longs;s in a thicker, then in a thinner <lb/>Medium: We thought it not ami&longs;s to <lb/>try if a <emph type="italics"/>Pendulum<emph.end type="italics"/> would &longs;wing fa&longs;ter, or <lb/>continue &longs;winging longer in our Receiver, <lb/>in ca&longs;e of the ex&longs;uction of the Air, then <lb/>otherwi&longs;e. </s>

<s>IT having been ob&longs;erv'd by tho&longs;e that <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg33"/><lb/>have con&longs;ider'd what belongs to <emph type="italics"/>Pendu<lb/>lums<emph.end type="italics"/> (a Speculation that may, in my <lb/>poor judgement, be highly u&longs;eful to the <lb/>Naturali&longs;ts) that their Vibrations are <lb/>more &longs;lowly made, and that their moti<lb/>on la&longs;ts le&longs;s in a thicker, then in a thinner <lb/>Medium: We thought it not ami&longs;s to <lb/>try if a <emph type="italics"/>Pendulum<emph.end type="italics"/> would &longs;wing fa&longs;ter, or <lb/>continue &longs;winging longer in our Receiver, <lb/>in ca&longs;e of the ex&longs;uction of the Air, then <lb/>otherwi&longs;e. </s>

<s>Wherefore we took a couple <lb/>of round and poli&longs;h'd <emph type="italics"/>Pendulums<emph.end type="italics"/> of Iron <lb/>or Steel, of equal bigne&longs;s, as near as we <lb/>could get the Artificer to make them, and <lb/>weighing each of them twenty Dragmes, <lb/>wanting as many Grains. </s>

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<s>And whether <lb/>in ca&longs;e the tryal be made with a <emph type="italics"/>Pendulum<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>much le&longs;s di&longs;proportionate to the Air then <lb/>Steel is, the event will much better an<lb/>&longs;wer expectation, experience may be con<lb/>&longs;ulted. </s><pb xlink:href="013/01/235.jpg" pagenum="205"/>

<s><margin.target id="marg33"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Experi<lb/>ment<emph.end type="italics"/> 26.</s>

<s><margin.target id="marg33"/><emph type="italics"/>Experi<lb/>ment<emph.end type="italics"/> 26.</s>

<s>THat the Air is the medium whereby <lb/>&longs;ounds are convey'd to the Ear, has <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg34"></arrow.to.target><lb/>been for many Ages, and is yet the com<lb/>mon Doctrine of the Schools. </s>

<s>THat the Air is the medium whereby <lb/>&longs;ounds are convey'd to the Ear, has <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg34"/><lb/>been for many Ages, and is yet the com<lb/>mon Doctrine of the Schools. </s>

<s>But this <lb/>Received Opinion has been of late op<lb/>po&longs;'d by &longs;ome Philo&longs;ophers upon the ac<lb/>count of an Experiment made by the <lb/>Indu&longs;trious <emph type="italics"/>Kircher,<emph.end type="italics"/> and other Learned <lb/>Men, who have (as they a&longs;&longs;ure us) ob<lb/>&longs;erv'd, That if a Bell, with a Steel Clap<lb/>per, be &longs;o fa&longs;ten'd to the in&longs;ide of a Tube, <lb/>that upon the making the Experiment <emph type="italics"/>De <lb/>Vacuo<emph.end type="italics"/> with that Tube, the Bell remain'd <lb/>&longs;u&longs;pended in the de&longs;erted &longs;pace at the up<lb/>per end of the Tube: And if al&longs;o a vi<lb/>gorous Load-&longs;tone be apply'd on the out<lb/>&longs;ide of the Tube to the Bell, it will at<lb/>tract the Clapper, which upon the Remo<lb/>val of the Load-&longs;tone falling back, will <lb/>&longs;trike again&longs;t the oppo&longs;ite &longs;ide of the <lb/>Bell, and thereby produce a very audible <lb/>&longs;ound, whence divers have concluded, <lb/>That 'tis not the Air, but &longs;ome more &longs;ub<lb/>tle Body that is the medium of &longs;ounds. <lb/></s>

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<s>And that al&longs;o, in the <lb/>Experiment <emph type="italics"/>De Vacuo,<emph.end type="italics"/> as it is wont to be <lb/>made, there is generally &longs;ome little Air <lb/>that gets in from without, or at lea&longs;t &longs;tore <lb/>of bubbles that ari&longs;e from the Body of <lb/>the Quick-&longs;ilver, or other Liquor it &longs;elf, <lb/>Ob&longs;ervations heedfully made have fre<lb/>quently informed us: And it may al&longs;o <lb/>appear, by what has been formerly deli<lb/>vered concerning the <emph type="italics"/>Torricellian<emph.end type="italics"/> Experi<lb/>ment. </s>

<s><margin.target id="marg34"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Experi<lb/>ment<emph.end type="italics"/> 27.</s>

<s><margin.target id="marg34"/><emph type="italics"/>Experi<lb/>ment<emph.end type="italics"/> 27.</s>

<s>On the occa&longs;ion of this Experiment <lb/>concerning &longs;ounds, we may adde in this <lb/>place, That when we try'd the Experiment <lb/>formerly mention'd, of firing Gun-pow<lb/>der with a Pi&longs;tol in our evacuated Recei<lb/>ver, the noi&longs;e made by the &longs;triking of the <lb/>Flint again&longs;t the Steel, was exceeding <lb/>languid in compari&longs;on of what it would <pb xlink:href="013/01/241.jpg" pagenum="211"/>have been in the open Air. </s>

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<s>The&longs;e thoughts, My Lord, as I <lb/>was &longs;aying, we entertain'd; but for want <lb/>of lea&longs;ure, as, of as good Receivers as <lb/>ours, to &longs;ub&longs;titute in its place, in ca&longs;e we <lb/>&longs;hould break it before we learn'd the skill <lb/>of condencing the Air in it, we dur&longs;t not <lb/>put them in practice: Yet, on this occa<lb/>&longs;ion, give me leave to adverti&longs;e Your <lb/>Lord&longs;hip once for all, That though for <lb/>the rea&longs;ons newly intimated, we have, <lb/>Onely in the &longs;eventeenth Experiment, <lb/>taken notice, that by the help of our En<lb/>gine the Air may be conden&longs;'d as well as <lb/>rarified; yet there are divers other of our <lb/>Experiments, who&longs;e <emph type="italics"/>Phænomena<emph.end type="italics"/> it were <pb xlink:href="013/01/244.jpg" pagenum="214"/>worth while to try to vary, by means of <lb/>the compre&longs;&longs;ion of the Air. </s>

<s>WE taught, among divers other <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg35"></arrow.to.target><lb/>things, when we di&longs;cour&longs;'d of our <lb/>fir&longs;t Experiment, That the Air &longs;hut up in <lb/>our Receiver, pre&longs;&longs;eth as &longs;trongly upon <lb/>the Bodies &longs;hut up with it, as if they <lb/>were expo&longs;'d to the pre&longs;&longs;ure of the whole <lb/>Atmo&longs;phere. </s>

<s>WE taught, among divers other <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg35"/><lb/>things, when we di&longs;cour&longs;'d of our <lb/>fir&longs;t Experiment, That the Air &longs;hut up in <lb/>our Receiver, pre&longs;&longs;eth as &longs;trongly upon <lb/>the Bodies &longs;hut up with it, as if they <lb/>were expo&longs;'d to the pre&longs;&longs;ure of the whole <lb/>Atmo&longs;phere. </s>

<s>That this was not incon<lb/>&longs;iderately propounded, we hope Your <lb/>Lord&longs;hip has gather'd from divers of the <lb/>things already recited: But yet perhaps it <lb/>will not be ami&longs;s to &longs;ubjoyn, by way of <lb/>further confirmation of the &longs;ame truth, the <lb/>following Experiment, which &longs;hould have <lb/>accompanied the 20<emph type="sup"/>th<emph.end type="sup"/>, but the Paper where <lb/>in the one was written chanc'd not to beat <lb/>hand, when the other was &longs;ent away. </s>

<s><margin.target id="marg35"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Experi<lb/>ment<emph.end type="italics"/> 28.</s>

<s><margin.target id="marg35"/><emph type="italics"/>Experi<lb/>ment<emph.end type="italics"/> 28.</s>

<s>We convey'd into the Receiver a new <lb/>Gla&longs;s Viol, capable of holding about 6 or <lb/>7 ounces of Water, into which we had <lb/>before put 2 or 3 Spoon-fulls of that Li<lb/>quor, and &longs;topt it clo&longs;e with a fit Cork. <lb/></s>

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<s>We <lb/>will adde, that without &longs;ealing up the <lb/>Gla&longs;s, this Experiment may be try'd in <lb/>one of our &longs;malle&longs;t Receivers, for there <lb/>the ex&longs;uction of the ambient Air may be <lb/>perform'd &longs;o nimbly, that immediately <lb/>the bubbles lurking in the Water are al<lb/>low'd to di&longs;play them&longs;elves, and a&longs;cend <lb/>in throngs; in&longs;omuch, as having in &longs;uch <lb/>a Receiver try'd the Experiment with <lb/>Wine (as a more &longs;pirituous Liquor) in<lb/>&longs;tead of Water, the Red-Wine appear'd <lb/>all cover'd, with a copious, but vani&longs;hing <lb/>white Froth, almo&longs;t as if a Ve&longs;&longs;el full of <lb/>bottl'd drink had been unwarily open'd. </s>

<s>IT may not a little conduce to the clear<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg36"></arrow.to.target><lb/>er explication of divers Points in the <lb/>Doctrine of Meteors, and perhaps of <lb/>&longs;ome other Phy&longs;iological difficulties, to <lb/>di&longs;cover what the Air does to the motion <lb/>of tho&longs;e Steams or Exhalations that a&longs;-<pb xlink:href="013/01/248.jpg" pagenum="218"/>cend into it, namely, Whether they mount <lb/>upwards by vertue of any &longs;uch <emph type="italics"/>po&longs;itive le<lb/>vity<emph.end type="italics"/> (as &longs;ome Peripateticks &longs;peak) ac<lb/>quir'd together with their Aërial nature, <lb/>as inables them to pierce through part of <lb/>the Atmo&longs;phere, and over-come its re<lb/>&longs;i&longs;tance. </s>

<s>IT may not a little conduce to the clear<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg36"/><lb/>er explication of divers Points in the <lb/>Doctrine of Meteors, and perhaps of <lb/>&longs;ome other Phy&longs;iological difficulties, to <lb/>di&longs;cover what the Air does to the motion <lb/>of tho&longs;e Steams or Exhalations that a&longs;-<pb xlink:href="013/01/248.jpg" pagenum="218"/>cend into it, namely, Whether they mount <lb/>upwards by vertue of any &longs;uch <emph type="italics"/>po&longs;itive le<lb/>vity<emph.end type="italics"/> (as &longs;ome Peripateticks &longs;peak) ac<lb/>quir'd together with their Aërial nature, <lb/>as inables them to pierce through part of <lb/>the Atmo&longs;phere, and over-come its re<lb/>&longs;i&longs;tance. </s>

<s>Or el&longs;e, whether the&longs;e &longs;teams <lb/>being once rai&longs;'d above the Earth by their <lb/>agitation, have their a&longs;cent and &longs;u&longs;tenta<lb/>tion aloft, rather promoted then hindred <lb/>by the Air: as the inferior parts of that, <lb/>being thicker and heavier then the &longs;upe<lb/>rior, the &longs;teams can more ea&longs;ily continue <lb/>for a while their agitation upwards then <lb/>downwards; And afterwards are by the <lb/>&longs;ame fluidity and thickne&longs;s of the Air, <lb/>carried to and fro in it, and kept from re<lb/>lap&longs;ing to the Earth, as in the Sea water <lb/>the &longs;aline parts are kept from &longs;ub&longs;iding by <lb/>tho&longs;e aqueous ones wherewith they are <lb/>a&longs;&longs;ociated. </s>

<s><margin.target id="marg36"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Experi<lb/>ment<emph.end type="italics"/> 29</s>

<s><margin.target id="marg36"/><emph type="italics"/>Experi<lb/>ment<emph.end type="italics"/> 29</s>

<s>We hop'd to illu&longs;trate this matter, by <lb/>ob&longs;erving the motion of the &longs;moke, pro<lb/>ceeding from kindled or flaming Bodies in <lb/>our exhau&longs;ted Receiver. </s>

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<s>The Experiment then as we <lb/>try'd in our Engine, was as follows. </s>

<s>WE took one of the &longs;mall Receivers, <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg37"></arrow.to.target><lb/>often mention'd already, and into it <lb/>we convey'd a piece of well lighted Match; <lb/>and letting it remain there till it had fill'd <lb/>the Receiver with &longs;moak, we took it out <lb/>and ha&longs;tily clo&longs;'d again the Receiver, that <lb/>the &longs;moak might not get away. </s>

<s>WE took one of the &longs;mall Receivers, <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg37"/><lb/>often mention'd already, and into it <lb/>we convey'd a piece of well lighted Match; <lb/>and letting it remain there till it had fill'd <lb/>the Receiver with &longs;moak, we took it out <lb/>and ha&longs;tily clo&longs;'d again the Receiver, that <lb/>the &longs;moak might not get away. </s>

<s>Then <lb/>&longs;taying awhile to let the&longs;e fumes lei&longs;urely <lb/>&longs;ub&longs;ide, we found, as we expected, that <lb/>after &longs;ome time they &longs;etled them&longs;elves in <lb/>the lower half of the Receiver, in a dark<lb/>i&longs;h Body, leaving the upper half of the <lb/>Receiver tran&longs;parent, and as to &longs;ight, full <lb/>of nought but clear Air. </s>

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<s>And it was, That if, when <lb/>the <emph type="italics"/>&longs;uperficies<emph.end type="italics"/> of our Smoke lay &longs;mooth <lb/>and horizontal, a hot iron were held near <lb/>the our &longs;ide of the Receiver, the Neigh<lb/>bouring part of the included fumes (for <lb/>the re&longs;t did not very much alter their for<lb/>mer <emph type="italics"/>&longs;uperficies<emph.end type="italics"/>) being rarified by the heat, <lb/>would readily a&longs;cend in a large Pillar of <lb/>&longs;moke to the very top of the Receiver, <lb/>yet without &longs;eeming to loo&longs;e a di&longs;tinct <lb/><emph type="italics"/>&longs;uperficies,<emph.end type="italics"/> or to be confounded with Air; <lb/>below which, upon the rece&longs;s of the ad<lb/>ventitious heat that by agitating it im<lb/>pell'd it upward, it would againe &longs;ub<lb/>&longs;ide. </s><pb xlink:href="013/01/257.jpg" pagenum="227"/>

<s><margin.target id="marg37"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Experi<lb/>ment<emph.end type="italics"/> 30.</s>

<s><margin.target id="marg37"/><emph type="italics"/>Experi<lb/>ment<emph.end type="italics"/> 30.</s>

<s>All which being added to the late Ex<lb/>periment of the &longs;moking Liquor, and <lb/>to what may be from that which has been <lb/>el&longs;ewhere &longs;ayd, gather'd to the &longs;ame pur<lb/>po&longs;e, will, I hope, keep it at lea&longs;t from ap<lb/>pearing ab&longs;ur'd: If &longs;ince we &longs;ee that there <lb/>is &longs;o great an inequality in the den&longs;ity and <lb/>weight of Liquors, that water is neere 14 <lb/>times thinner or lighter than Quick-&longs;ilver <lb/>of the &longs;ame bulk, and well dephlegm'd; <lb/>Spirit of Wine yet much lighter than wa<lb/>ter; we venter to &longs;peak &longs;ometimes of the <lb/>Atmo&longs;phere, as if it were a peculiar kind <lb/>of thin and halituous Liquor (if I may &longs;o <lb/>call it) much lighter than Spirit of Wine. </s>

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<s>But to in&longs;i&longs;t on this were to digre&longs;s: <lb/>and therefore I will proceed to experi<lb/>ments of another kind. </s>

<s>IT has been admir'd by very ingenious <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg38"></arrow.to.target><lb/>Men, that if the exqui&longs;itly poli&longs;h'd <lb/>&longs;urfaces of two flat peeces of marble be &longs;o <lb/>congruous to each other that from their <lb/>mutuall application there will re&longs;ult an <lb/>immediate contact, they will &longs;tick &longs;o fa&longs;t <lb/>together, that he that lifts up the upper<lb/>mo&longs;t, &longs;hall, if the undermo&longs;t be not ex<lb/>ceeding heavy, lift up that too, and &longs;u&longs;<lb/>taine it aloft in the free aire. </s>

<s>IT has been admir'd by very ingenious <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg38"/><lb/>Men, that if the exqui&longs;itly poli&longs;h'd <lb/>&longs;urfaces of two flat peeces of marble be &longs;o <lb/>congruous to each other that from their <lb/>mutuall application there will re&longs;ult an <lb/>immediate contact, they will &longs;tick &longs;o fa&longs;t <lb/>together, that he that lifts up the upper<lb/>mo&longs;t, &longs;hall, if the undermo&longs;t be not ex<lb/>ceeding heavy, lift up that too, and &longs;u&longs;<lb/>taine it aloft in the free aire. </s>

<s>A proba<lb/>ble cau&longs;e of this &longs;o clo&longs;e adhe&longs;ion we have <lb/>el&longs;ewhere endeavour'd to deduce from the <lb/>unequall pre&longs;&longs;ure of the Air upon the un<lb/>dermo&longs;t &longs;tone; For the lower <emph type="italics"/>&longs;uperficies<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>of that &longs;tone being freely expos'd to the <lb/>Air is pre&longs;&longs;'d upon by it, whereas the up<lb/>permo&longs;t &longs;urface, being contiguous to the <lb/>&longs;uperiour &longs;tone, is thereby defended from <lb/>the pre&longs;&longs;ure of the Air which con&longs;equent<lb/>ly pre&longs;&longs;ing the lower &longs;tone again&longs;t the up-<pb xlink:href="013/01/260.jpg" pagenum="230"/>per, hinders it from falling, as we have <lb/>el&longs;ewhere more fully declar'd. </s>

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<s>But this we try'd to little pur<lb/>po&longs;e, for having convey'd into the Recei-<pb xlink:href="013/01/261.jpg" pagenum="231"/>ver two black &longs;quare marbles (the one of <lb/>two inches and a third in length or <lb/>breadth, and &longs;omewhat more than halfe <lb/>an inch in thickne&longs;s: The other of the &longs;ame <lb/>extent, but not much above halfe &longs;o <lb/>thick) fa&longs;ten'd together by the interven<lb/>tion of pure Spirit of Wine; and having <lb/>&longs;u&longs;pended the thicker by a &longs;tring from the <lb/>cover, we found not that the ex&longs;uction of <lb/>the ambient Air would &longs;eparate them, <lb/>though a weight amounting to four oun<lb/>ces were fa&longs;ten'd to the lowermo&longs;t mar<lb/>ble to facilitate it's falling off. </s>

<s><margin.target id="marg38"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Experi<lb/>ment<emph.end type="italics"/> 31,</s>

<s><margin.target id="marg38"/><emph type="italics"/>Experi<lb/>ment<emph.end type="italics"/> 31,</s>

<s>I would gladly have the Experiment <lb/>try'd with marble &longs;o well polli&longs;h't as to <lb/>need no Liquor what&longs;oever to make them <lb/>cohere, and in a Ve&longs;&longs;el out of which the <lb/>Air may be more perfectly drawn than it <lb/>was out of ours. </s>

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<s>And though this <lb/>may &longs;eem a &longs;trange proof of the &longs;trength of <lb/>the &longs;pring of Air, ev'n when rarified, yet it <lb/>will &longs;carce &longs;eem incredible to him that has <lb/>ob&longs;erv'd how exceeding &longs;trong a cohe&longs;ion <lb/>may be made betwixt broad Bodies, one<lb/>ly by their immediate touching one ano<lb/>ther. </s>

<s>A notable in&longs;tance of which, I <lb/>have met with in this &longs;hort Narrative of <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg39"></arrow.to.target><lb/>the Learned <emph type="italics"/>Zucchius. </s>

<s>A notable in&longs;tance of which, I <lb/>have met with in this &longs;hort Narrative of <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg39"/><lb/>the Learned <emph type="italics"/>Zucchius. </s>

<s>Fuveni<emph.end type="italics"/> (&longs;ays he) <lb/><emph type="italics"/>lacertorum &longs;uorum robur: jactanti propo<lb/>&longs;ita &longs;emel e&longs;t lamina ærea, per an&longs;am in <lb/>medio extantem apprehen&longs;am elevanda è <lb/>tabula marmorea, cui optime congruebat: <lb/>qui primo tanquam rem ludicr am puero <lb/>committendam contemp&longs;it: tum in&longs;tanti<lb/>bus amicis manum utrámque admovens, <lb/>cum luctatus diu hærentem non removi&longs;&longs;et, <lb/>excu&longs;avit impotentiam, objecta perigrini <lb/>& potenti&longs;simi glutinis interpo&longs;itione, quo <lb/>forti&longs;sime copulante nequiret divelli; do<lb/>nec vidit ab alio per tabulam facilimè lami<lb/>nam deduci, & ad extrema product am, & <lb/>actam in tran&longs;ver&longs;um inàe deportari.<emph.end type="italics"/></s><s> But <lb/>that we may learn from our own Engine, <pb xlink:href="013/01/263.jpg" pagenum="233"/>that two Bodies, though they touch each <lb/>other but in a &longs;mall part of their &longs;urfaces, <lb/>may be made to cohere very &longs;trongly, <lb/>onely by this, That the Air pre&longs;&longs;es much <lb/>more forcibly upon the inferior &longs;uperfi<lb/>cies of the lowermo&longs;t Body, then upon <lb/>the upper &longs;urface of the &longs;ame: We will <lb/>hereunto annex the following Experi<lb/>ment, though out of the order wherein <lb/>they were made. <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg40"></arrow.to.target></s>

<s>Zucchius <lb/>opal Schot: <lb/>part<emph.end type="italics"/> 1. <lb/><gap/></s>

<s><margin.target id="marg40"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Experi<lb/>ment<emph.end type="italics"/> 32.</s>

<s><margin.target id="marg40"/><emph type="italics"/>Experi<lb/>ment<emph.end type="italics"/> 32.</s>

<s>I remember I have, in a Di&longs;cour&longs;e con<lb/>cerning Fluidity and Firmne&longs;s, made <lb/>mention of my having, by the ex&longs;uction <lb/>of the Air out of a Gla&longs;s Ve&longs;&longs;el, made <lb/>that Ve&longs;&longs;el take up, or &longs;uck up (to &longs;peak in <lb/>the common Language) a Body weighing <lb/>divers Ounces; but our Engine affording <lb/>us the opportunity of making con&longs;ider<lb/>abler Experiments of that kinde, We <lb/>thought fit to make a further tryal of the <lb/>force of the Atmo&longs;phere's pre&longs;&longs;ure up<lb/>wards, after the following manner. </s>

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<s>But in the former Experiment it is re<lb/>markable, That though the Receiver were <lb/>not well exhau&longs;ted, and though it leak'd <lb/>whil'&longs;t the re&longs;t of the Experiment was in <lb/>pro&longs;ecution, and though the Valve <lb/>whereon the Cylinder of the Atmo&longs;phere <lb/>could pre&longs;s, were not above an Inch and <lb/>a half in Diameter, yet the weight kept <lb/>up by &longs;uction, or rather &longs;upported by the <lb/>Air, namely the Valve, the Seal and <lb/>what was ca&longs;t into it, being &longs;ent to be <lb/>weigh'd, amounted to about ten of our <lb/>common Pounds, con&longs;i&longs;ting of &longs;ixteen <lb/>Ounces apiece: So that we doubted not <lb/>but that, had the Experiment been made <lb/>with favorable Circum&longs;tances, the Air <lb/>endeavoring to pre&longs;s in at the Orifice of <lb/>the Stop-cock, would have kept a very <lb/>much greater weight from falling out of <lb/>it; I &longs;ay the Air, becau&longs;e we found, by <lb/>tryal purpo&longs;ely made, that neither the <lb/>imperfect contact of the Valve and the <lb/>Stop-cock, nor the Diachylon that was <pb xlink:href="013/01/266.jpg" pagenum="236"/>employ'd to fill up the little Crannies left <lb/>betwixt them, were con&longs;iderable in this <lb/>Experiment; by which may among other <lb/>things appear, that I did not without <lb/>cau&longs;e in the above-nam'd Di&longs;cour&longs;e touch<lb/>ing Fluidity and Firmne&longs;s, a&longs;cribe a great <lb/>force, ev'n to &longs;uch Pillars of Air as may <lb/>be &longs;uppo&longs;'d to begin at the top of the <lb/>Atmo&longs;phere, and recoyling from the <lb/>ground to terminate on the Bodies on <lb/>which they pre&longs;s: &longs;ince in the pre&longs;ent Ex<lb/>periment &longs;uch a weight was &longs;upported by <lb/>&longs;o &longs;lender a Cylinder of Air, rebounding <lb/>from the Earth to the Valve whereon it <lb/>did bear. </s>

<s>BUt in regard we have not yet been <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg41"></arrow.to.target><lb/>able to empty &longs;o great a Ve&longs;&longs;el as our <lb/>Receiver, &longs;o well as we can the Cylinder <lb/>it &longs;elf; our Pump alone may afford us a <lb/>nobler in&longs;tance of the fotce of the Air we <lb/>live in, in&longs;omuch, that by help of this <lb/>part of our Engine, we may give a pretty <lb/>near ghe&longs;s at the &longs;trength of the Atmo<lb/>&longs;phere, computed as a weight. </s>

<s>BUt in regard we have not yet been <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg41"/><lb/>able to empty &longs;o great a Ve&longs;&longs;el as our <lb/>Receiver, &longs;o well as we can the Cylinder <lb/>it &longs;elf; our Pump alone may afford us a <lb/>nobler in&longs;tance of the fotce of the Air we <lb/>live in, in&longs;omuch, that by help of this <lb/>part of our Engine, we may give a pretty <lb/>near ghe&longs;s at the &longs;trength of the Atmo<lb/>&longs;phere, computed as a weight. </s>

<s>And the <lb/>way may be this; Fir&longs;t, the Sucker be<lb/>ing brought to move ea&longs;ily up and down <lb/>the Cylinder, is to be impell'd to the top <pb xlink:href="013/01/267.jpg" pagenum="237"/>of it: Then the Receiver mu&longs;t be taken <lb/>off from the Pump, that the upper Ori<lb/>fice of the Cylinder remaining open, the <lb/>Air may freely &longs;ucceed the Sucker, and <lb/>therefore readily yield to its motion <lb/>downward. </s>

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<s>For <lb/>to the&longs;e weights in the Scale, that of the <lb/>Scale it &longs;elf being added, the &longs;um will give <lb/>us the weight of a Column of Air, equal <lb/>in Diameter to the Sucker, or to the ca<lb/>vity of the Cylinder; and in length to <lb/>the heighth of the Atmo&longs;phere. </s>

<s><margin.target id="marg41"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Experi<lb/>ment<emph.end type="italics"/> 33.</s>

<s><margin.target id="marg41"/><emph type="italics"/>Experi<lb/>ment<emph.end type="italics"/> 33.</s>

<s>According to this method we did, &longs;ince <pb xlink:href="013/01/268.jpg" pagenum="238"/>the writing of the la&longs;t Experiment, at<lb/>tempt to mea&longs;ure the pre&longs;&longs;ure of the At<lb/>mo&longs;phere, but found it more difficult then <lb/>we expected, to perform it with any ac<lb/>curatene&longs;s; for though by the help of the <lb/><emph type="italics"/>Manubrium<emph.end type="italics"/> the Sucker moved up and <lb/>down with &longs;o much ea&longs;e, that one would <lb/>have thought that both its convex &longs;urface, <lb/>and the concave one of the Cylinder were <lb/>exqui&longs;itely &longs;mooth, & as it were &longs;lippery; <lb/>yet when the Sucker came to be moved <lb/>onely with a dead weight or pre&longs;&longs;ure (that <lb/>was not (like the force of him that <lb/>pump'd) intended as occa&longs;ion required) <lb/>we found that the little rufne&longs;&longs;es, or other <lb/>inequalities, and perhaps too, the unequal <lb/>pre&longs;&longs;ure of the Leather again&longs;t the cavity <lb/>of the Cylinder, were able now and then <lb/>to put a &longs;top to the de&longs;cent or a&longs;cent of <lb/>the Sucker, though a very little external <lb/>help would ea&longs;ily &longs;urmount that impedi<lb/>ment; and then the Sucker would, for a <lb/>while, continue its formerly interrupted <lb/>motion, though that a&longs;&longs;i&longs;tance were with<lb/>drawn. </s>

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<s>Peradventure it will not be imperti-<pb xlink:href="013/01/272.jpg" pagenum="242"/>nent to annex to the other Circum&longs;tances <lb/>that have been already &longs;ee down concern<lb/>ing this Experiment, That it was made in <lb/>Winter, in Weather neither Fro&longs;ty nor <lb/>Rainy, about the change of the Moon, <lb/>and at a place who&longs;e latitude is near about <lb/>51<emph type="sup"/>d<emph.end type="sup"/> and a half: For perhaps the force or <lb/>pre&longs;&longs;ure of the Air may vary, according <lb/>to the Sea&longs;ons of the Year, the tempera<lb/>ture of the Weather, the elevation of the <lb/>Pole, or the pha&longs;es of the Moon; all, or <lb/>even any of them &longs;eeming capable to al<lb/>ter either the heighth or con&longs;i&longs;tence of the <lb/>incumbent Atmo&longs;phere: And therefore <lb/>it would not be ami&longs;s if this Experiment <lb/>were carefully tryd at &longs;everal times and <lb/>places, with variety of Circum&longs;tances. </s>

<s>It <lb/>might al&longs;o be try'd with Cylinders of &longs;e<lb/>veral Diameters, exqui&longs;itely fitted with <lb/>Suckers, that we might know what pro<lb/>portion &longs;everal Pillars of the Atmo&longs;phere <lb/>bear, to the Weights they are able to &longs;u<lb/>&longs;tain or lift up; and con&longs;equently, whe<lb/>ther the increa&longs;e or decrement of the re<lb/>&longs;i&longs;tance of the ambient Air, can be re<lb/>duc'd to any regular proportion to the <lb/>Diameters of the Suckers: The&longs;e, and <lb/>divers other &longs;uch things which may be <lb/>try'd with this Cylinder, might mo&longs;t of <pb xlink:href="013/01/273.jpg" pagenum="243"/>them bemore exactly try'd by the To<gap/><lb/>cellian Experiment, if we could get Tubes <lb/>&longs;o accurately blown and drawn, that the <lb/>Cavity were perfectly Cylindrical. </s>

<s>It <lb/>might al&longs;o be try'd with Cylinders of &longs;e<lb/>veral Diameters, exqui&longs;itely fitted with <lb/>Suckers, that we might know what pro<lb/>portion &longs;everal Pillars of the Atmo&longs;phere <lb/>bear, to the Weights they are able to &longs;u<lb/>&longs;tain or lift up; and con&longs;equently, whe<lb/>ther the increa&longs;e or decrement of the re<lb/>&longs;i&longs;tance of the ambient Air, can be re<lb/>duc'd to any regular proportion to the <lb/>Diameters of the Suckers: The&longs;e, and <lb/>divers other &longs;uch things which may be <lb/>try'd with this Cylinder, might mo&longs;t of <pb xlink:href="013/01/273.jpg" pagenum="243"/>them bemore exactly try'd by the Tori<lb/>cellian Experiment, if we could get Tubes <lb/>&longs;o accurately blown and drawn, that the <lb/>Cavity were perfectly Cylindrical. </s>

<s>To dwell upon all the &longs;everal Refle<lb/>ctions, that a &longs;peculative Wit might <lb/>make upon this and the foregoing Expe<lb/>riment: (I mean the thirty third and thir<lb/>ty &longs;econd, would require almo&longs;t a Vo<lb/>lume, whereas our occa&longs;ions will &longs;carce <lb/>allow us time to touch upon three or <lb/>four of the chief Inferences that &longs;eem de<lb/>ducible from them, and therefore we &longs;hall <lb/>content our &longs;elves to point at tho&longs;e <lb/>few. </s>

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<s>And how far this it &longs;elfe <lb/>may be granted, de&longs;erves to be further <lb/>con&longs;ider'd. </s>

<s>For in the next place, our Experiments <lb/>&longs;eem to teach, that the &longs;uppo&longs;ed Aver&longs;a<lb/>tion of Nature to a <emph type="italics"/>Vacuum<emph.end type="italics"/> is but acci<lb/>dental, or in con&longs;equence partly of the <lb/>Weight and Fluidity, or, at lea&longs;t, Fluxi<lb/>lity of the Bodies here below; and partly, <lb/>and perhaps principally, of the Spring of <lb/>the air, who&longs;e re&longs;tle&longs;s endeavor to expand <lb/>it &longs;elfe every way, makes it either ru<gap/>h <lb/>in it &longs;elfe, or compel the interpos'd bo<lb/>dys into all &longs;paces, where it finds no grea<lb/>ter re&longs;i&longs;tance than it can &longs;urmount. </s>

<s>For in the next place, our Experiments <lb/>&longs;eem to teach, that the &longs;uppo&longs;ed Aver&longs;a<lb/>tion of Nature to a <emph type="italics"/>Vacuum<emph.end type="italics"/> is but acci<lb/>dental, or in con&longs;equence partly of the <lb/>Weight and Fluidity, or, at lea&longs;t, Fluxi<lb/>lity of the Bodies here below; and partly, <lb/>and perhaps principally, of the Spring of <lb/>the air, who&longs;e re&longs;tle&longs;s endeavor to expand <lb/>it &longs;elfe every way, makes it either ruth <lb/>in it &longs;elfe, or compel the interpos'd bo<lb/>dys into all &longs;paces, where it finds no grea<lb/>ter re&longs;i&longs;tance than it can &longs;urmount. </s>

<s>And <pb xlink:href="013/01/280.jpg" pagenum="250"/>that in tho&longs;e motions which are made <emph type="italics"/>ob<lb/>fugamVacui<emph.end type="italics"/> (as the common phra&longs;e is) Bo<lb/>dys act without &longs;uch genero&longs;ity & Con<lb/>&longs;ideration, as is wont to be a&longs;crib'd to <lb/>them, is apparent enough in our 32<emph type="sup"/>d<emph.end type="sup"/> Ex<lb/>periment, where the torrent of Air, that <lb/>&longs;eem'd to &longs;trive to get into the Empty'd <lb/>Receiver, did plainly prevent its own <lb/>De&longs;igne, by &longs;o impelling the Value, as <lb/>to make it &longs;hut the only Orifice the Air <lb/>was to get in at. </s>

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<s>For, as fluid and yielding a <lb/>Body as it is, our Experiment teaches us, <lb/>That ev'n in our Climate, and without <lb/>any other compre&longs;&longs;ion then what is (at <lb/>lea&longs;t here below) Natural, or (to &longs;peak <lb/>more properly) ordinary to it, it bears &longs;o <lb/>&longs;trongly upon the Bodies whereunto it is <lb/>contiguous, that a Cylinder of this free <lb/>Air, not exceeding three Inches in Dia<lb/>meter is able to rai&longs;e and carry up a <lb/>weight, amounting to between &longs;ixteen <lb/>and &longs;eventeen hundred Ounces. </s>

<s>I &longs;aid, <pb xlink:href="013/01/287.jpg" pagenum="257"/>even in our Climate, becau&longs;e that is tem<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg42"></arrow.to.target><lb/>perate enough; and as far as my ob&longs;er<lb/>vations a&longs;&longs;i&longs;t me to conjecture, the Air in <lb/>many other more Northern Countries <lb/>may be much thicker, and able to &longs;upport <lb/>a greater weight: which is not to be <lb/>doubted of, if there be no mi&longs;take in <lb/>what is Recorded concerning the <emph type="italics"/>Hollan<lb/>ders,<emph.end type="italics"/> that were forc'd by the Ice to Win<lb/>ter in <emph type="italics"/>Nova Zembla,<emph.end type="italics"/> namely, That <lb/>they found there &longs;o conden&longs;'d an Air, that <lb/>they could not make their Clock goe, <lb/>ev'n by a very great addition to the <lb/>weights that were wont to move it. </s>

<s>I &longs;aid, <pb xlink:href="013/01/287.jpg" pagenum="257"/>even in our Climate, becau&longs;e that is tem<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg42"/><lb/>perate enough; and as far as my ob&longs;er<lb/>vations a&longs;&longs;i&longs;t me to conjecture, the Air in <lb/>many other more Northern Countries <lb/>may be much thicker, and able to &longs;upport <lb/>a greater weight: which is not to be <lb/>doubted of, if there be no mi&longs;take in <lb/>what is Recorded concerning the <emph type="italics"/>Hollan<lb/>ders,<emph.end type="italics"/> that were forc'd by the Ice to Win<lb/>ter in <emph type="italics"/>Nova Zembla,<emph.end type="italics"/> namely, That <lb/>they found there &longs;o conden&longs;'d an Air, that <lb/>they could not make their Clock goe, <lb/>ev'n by a very great addition to the <lb/>weights that were wont to move it. </s>

<s><margin.target id="marg42"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Aere &longs;rig<gap/><lb/>do exi&longs;tcate <lb/>tardius mo<lb/><gap/>entur Au<lb/>tomat a <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> <lb/>acre ca<gap/>ida, <lb/>adco qui<lb/>dem ut Au<lb/>tomaton <lb/>quod Delgæ <lb/>in Nova <lb/>Zembla a<lb/>gentes in æ<lb/>dibus &longs;u<gap/>s <lb/>collocave<lb/>runt, omal<lb/>no à motis <lb/>ce&longs;&longs;ave<gap/>it <lb/><gap/>t&longs;i m<gap/><lb/>malus toa<lb/>dus ei addidi&longs;&longs;ent quam antea ferre &longs;olebat.<emph.end type="italics"/></s><s> Varenius Geo: Genevat <gap/>. <lb/></s>

<s><margin.target id="marg42"/><emph type="italics"/>Aere frigi<lb/>do exi&longs;tente <lb/>tardius mo<lb/>ventur Au<lb/>tomata <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> <lb/>aere ca<gap/>ida, <lb/>adco qui<lb/>dem ut Au<lb/>tomaton <lb/>quod Belgæ <lb/>in Nova <lb/>Zembla a<lb/>gentes in æ<lb/>dibus &longs;uis <lb/>collocave<lb/>runt, omni<lb/>no à motis <lb/>ce&longs;&longs;averit <lb/>et&longs;i multo <lb/>maius toa<lb/>dus ei addidi&longs;&longs;ent quam antea ferre &longs;olebat.<emph.end type="italics"/></s><s> Varenius Geo: Genevat <lb/></s>

<s>111. Propo: 7. pag. </s>

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<s>And therefore, <pb xlink:href="013/01/288.jpg" pagenum="258"/>pa&longs;&longs;ing to the next, I &longs;hall leave it to your <lb/>Lord&longs;hip to con&longs;ider how far the&longs;e tryals <lb/>of ours will either confirm or disfavor <lb/>the new Doctrine of &longs;everal eminent Na<lb/>turali&longs;ts, who teach, That in all motion <lb/>there is nece&longs;&longs;arily a Circle of Bodies, as <lb/>they &longs;peak, moving together; and whe<lb/>ther the Circles in &longs;uch motion be an Ac<lb/>cidental or Con&longs;equential thing or no. </s>

<s>TIs a known thing to tho&longs;e that are con<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg43"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ver&longs;ant in the Hydro&longs;taticks, That <lb/>two Bodies which in the Air are of equal <lb/>weight, but of unequal bulk, as Gold, <lb/>for in&longs;tance and Iron, being afterwards <lb/>weighed in Water, will lo&longs;e their <emph type="italics"/>Æqui<lb/>librium<emph.end type="italics"/> upon the change of the ambient <lb/>Body, &longs;o that the Gold will &longs;ink lower <lb/>then the Iron; which, by rea&longs;on of its <lb/>greater bulk, has more Water to lift <lb/>or di&longs;place, that it may &longs;ink. </s>

<s>TIs a known thing to tho&longs;e that are con<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg43"/><lb/>ver&longs;ant in the Hydro&longs;taticks, That <lb/>two Bodies which in the Air are of equal <lb/>weight, but of unequal bulk, as Gold, <lb/>for in&longs;tance and Iron, being afterwards <lb/>weighed in Water, will lo&longs;e their <emph type="italics"/>Æqui<lb/>librium<emph.end type="italics"/> upon the change of the ambient <lb/>Body, &longs;o that the Gold will &longs;ink lower <lb/>then the Iron; which, by rea&longs;on of its <lb/>greater bulk, has more Water to lift <lb/>or di&longs;place, that it may &longs;ink. </s>

<s>By Analogy <lb/>to this Experiment, it &longs;eem'd probable, <lb/>that if two weights did in our Engine <lb/>ballance each other, when the Gla&longs;s was <lb/>full of Air; upon the ex&longs;uction of a <lb/>great part of that Air, &longs;o notable a change <lb/>in the con&longs;i&longs;tence of the ambient Body, <pb xlink:href="013/01/289.jpg" pagenum="259"/>would make them lo&longs;e their <emph type="italics"/>Æquili<lb/>brium.<emph.end type="italics"/></s>

<s><margin.target id="marg43"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Experi<lb/>ment<emph.end type="italics"/> 34.</s>

<s><margin.target id="marg43"/><emph type="italics"/>Experi<lb/>ment<emph.end type="italics"/> 34.</s>

<s>But being de&longs;irous at the &longs;ame time to <lb/>make a tryal, for a certain De&longs;ign that <lb/>needs not here be mention'd, we took <lb/>for one of our weights a dry Bladder, <lb/>&longs;trongly tyed at the Neck, and about <lb/>half fill'd with Air (that being a weight <lb/>both &longs;light, and that would expand it <lb/>&longs;elf in the evacuated Gla&longs;s) and fa&longs;tning <lb/>that to one part of our formerly menti<lb/>on'd exact ballance (which turns with the <lb/>32<emph type="sup"/>d<emph.end type="sup"/> part of a Grain) we put a Metalline <lb/>counterpoi&longs;e into the oppo&longs;ite Scale; and <lb/>&longs;o the two weights being brought to an <lb/><emph type="italics"/>Æquilibrium,<emph.end type="italics"/> the ballance was convey'd <lb/>into the Receiver, and &longs;u&longs;pended from the <lb/>Cover of it. </s>

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<s>And as it is difficult to prevent <lb/>them, &longs;o it &longs;eems not very ea&longs;ie to di&longs;<lb/>cover the cau&longs;es of them, whereof we <lb/>&longs;hall therefore at pre&longs;ent forbear mention<lb/>ing our Conjectures. </s>

<s>SOme Learned Mathematicians have of <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg44"></arrow.to.target><lb/>late ingenioù&longs;ly endeavored to reduce <lb/>Filters to <emph type="italics"/>Siphons;<emph.end type="italics"/> but &longs;till the true cau&longs;e <lb/>of the a&longs;cen&longs;ion of Water, and other Li<lb/>quors, both in <emph type="italics"/>Siphons<emph.end type="italics"/> and in Filtration, <lb/>needing (for ought we have yet found) a <lb/>clearer Di&longs;covery and Explication, we <pb xlink:href="013/01/293.jpg" pagenum="263"/>were de&longs;irous to try whether or no the <lb/>pre&longs;&longs;ure of the Air might rea&longs;onably be <lb/>&longs;uppo&longs;'d to have either the principal, or at <lb/>lea&longs;t a con&longs;iderable Intere&longs;t in the rai&longs;ing <lb/>of tho&longs;e Liquors. </s>

<s>SOme Learned Mathematicians have of <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg44"/><lb/>late ingenioù&longs;ly endeavored to reduce <lb/>Filters to <emph type="italics"/>Siphons;<emph.end type="italics"/> but &longs;till the true cau&longs;e <lb/>of the a&longs;cen&longs;ion of Water, and other Li<lb/>quors, both in <emph type="italics"/>Siphons<emph.end type="italics"/> and in Filtration, <lb/>needing (for ought we have yet found) a <lb/>clearer Di&longs;covery and Explication, we <pb xlink:href="013/01/293.jpg" pagenum="263"/>were de&longs;irous to try whether or no the <lb/>pre&longs;&longs;ure of the Air might rea&longs;onably be <lb/>&longs;uppo&longs;'d to have either the principal, or at <lb/>lea&longs;t a con&longs;iderable Intere&longs;t in the rai&longs;ing <lb/>of tho&longs;e Liquors. </s>

<s>But becau&longs;e we found <lb/>that we could not yet &longs;o evacuate our Re<lb/>ceiver, but that the remaining Air, <lb/>though but little in compari&longs;on of the <lb/>exhau&longs;ted, would be able to impell the <lb/>the Water to a greater height then is <lb/>u&longs;ual in ordinary Filtrations: we re&longs;olved, <lb/>in&longs;tead of a Li&longs;t of Cotton, or the like <lb/>Filtre, to make u&longs;e of a <emph type="italics"/>Siphon<emph.end type="italics"/> of Gla&longs;s, <lb/>delineated in the third Figure, con&longs;i&longs;t<lb/>ing of three pieces, two &longs;traight, and <lb/>the third crooked to joyn them toge<lb/>ther; who&longs;e Junctures were diligently <lb/>clo&longs;'d, that no Air might finde entrance <lb/>at them. </s>

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<s>The whole Siphon made <lb/>up of the&longs;e &longs;everal pieces put together, <lb/>was de&longs;ign'd to be about a Foot and a <lb/>half long; that the remaining Air, when <lb/>the Ve&longs;&longs;el was exhau&longs;ted after the wont<lb/>ed manner, might not be able to impell <lb/>the Water to the top of the <emph type="italics"/>Siphon;<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>which being inverted, was fill'd with Wa<lb/>ter, and of which the Shorter leg being <lb/>let down two or three Inches deep into a <lb/>Gla&longs;s Ve&longs;&longs;el full of Water, and the up<lb/>per parts of it being fa&longs;ten'd to the in&longs;ide <lb/>of the Cover of the Receiver, we pro<lb/>ceeded to clo&longs;e fir&longs;t, and then to empty <lb/>the Ve&longs;&longs;el. </s>

<s><margin.target id="marg44"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Experi<lb/>ment<emph.end type="italics"/> 35.</s>

<s><margin.target id="marg44"/><emph type="italics"/>Experi<lb/>ment<emph.end type="italics"/> 35.</s>

<s>The effect of the tryal was this, that <lb/>till a pretty quantity of Air had been <lb/>drawn out, the Water dropp'd freely out <lb/>at the lower end of the lower leg of the <lb/><emph type="italics"/>Siphon,<emph.end type="italics"/> as if the Experiment had been <lb/>performed in the free Air. </s>

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<s>Which <emph type="italics"/>Phaeno-<lb/>mena<emph.end type="italics"/>, whether, and how far, they may<lb/> be deduc'd from the Figure of the Mer-<lb/>curial Corpu&longs;cles, and the Shape of the<lb/> Springy Particles of the Air, I willingly<lb/> leave to be con&longs;ider'd.</s>

<s><arrow.to.target n="marg441"></arrow.to.target>SEveral ways we have met with pro-<lb/>po&longs;'d, partly by the excellent <emph type="italics"/>Galileo<emph.end type="italics"/>,<lb/> and partly by other ingenious Writers,<lb/> to manife&longs;t that the Air is not devoid of<lb/> weight; &longs;ome of the&longs;e, require the previ-<lb/>ous ab&longs;ence of the Air to be weighed;<lb/> and others, the violent conden&longs;ation of it.<lb/></s>

<s><arrow.to.target n="marg441"/>SEveral ways we have met with pro-<lb/>po&longs;'d, partly by the excellent <emph type="italics"/>Galileo<emph.end type="italics"/>,<lb/> and partly by other ingenious Writers,<lb/> to manife&longs;t that the Air is not devoid of<lb/> weight; &longs;ome of the&longs;e, require the previ-<lb/>ous ab&longs;ence of the Air to be weighed;<lb/> and others, the violent conden&longs;ation of it.<lb/></s>

<s>But if we could lift a pair of Scales above<lb/> the Atmo&longs;phere, or place them in a <emph type="italics"/>Va-<lb/>cuum<emph.end type="italics"/>, we might there weigh a parcel of<lb/> Air it &longs;elf, as here we do other Bodies in<lb/> the Air, becau&longs;e it would there be heavi-<lb/>er then that which &longs;urrounds it, as are<lb/>gro&longs;&longs;er Bodies we commonly weigh, then<lb/> the medium or ambient Air.</s>

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<s>Let us adde,<lb/> that on the regre&longs;&longs;e of the excluded<lb/> air, the Lead, and the weight ca&longs;t into the <pb xlink:href="013/01/305.jpg" pagenum="275"/>&longs;ame &longs;cale, did againe very much pre-<lb/>ponderate.</s>

<s><margin.target id="marg441"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Experi-<lb/>ment 36.<emph.end type="italics"/></s>

<s><margin.target id="marg441"/><emph type="italics"/>Experi-<lb/>ment 36.<emph.end type="italics"/></s>

<s>We likewi&longs;e convey'd into the Re-<lb/>ceiver, the &longs;ame bubble, open'd at<lb/> the end of the flender pipe above men-<lb/>tioned, but having drawne out the aire,<lb/> after the accu&longs;tomed manner, we found<lb/> not as before, the bubble to out-weigh<lb/> the oppo&longs;ite lead, &longs;o that by the help<lb/> of our Engine, we can weigh the Aire,<lb/> as we weigh other Bodies, in its na-<lb/>turall or ordinary con&longs;i&longs;tence, without<lb/> at all conden&longs;ing it: Nay, which is re-<lb/>markable, having convey'd a Lamb's<lb/> bladder about halfe full of Aire into the<lb/> Receiver, wee ob&longs;erved, that though<lb/> upon the drawing out of the ambient<lb/>aire the impri&longs;oned Air &longs;o expended<lb/> it &longs;elf, as to di&longs;tend the Bladder &longs;o, as to<lb/> &longs;eem ready to break it, yet this rarified<lb/> Air did manife&longs;tly depre&longs;s the Scale<lb/> whereunto it was annexed.</s>

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<s>The ha&longs;te I was in, My Lord, when I <lb/>&longs;ent away the la&longs;t Sheet, made me forget <lb/>to take notice to you of a Problem that <lb/>occurr'd to my thoughts, upon the oc<lb/>ca&longs;ion of the &longs;low breaking of the Gla&longs;s <lb/>Bubble in our evacuated Receiver. </s>

<s>For <lb/>it may &longs;eem &longs;trange, &longs;ince by our &longs;ixth <lb/>Experiment it appears, that the Air, when <lb/>permitted, will by its own internal Spring <lb/>expand it &longs;elfe twice as much as <emph type="italics"/>Mer<lb/>&longs;ennus<emph.end type="italics"/> was able to expand it, by the <lb/>heat even of a candent <emph type="italics"/>Æolipile:<emph.end type="italics"/> Yet <lb/>the <emph type="italics"/>Elater<emph.end type="italics"/> of the Air was &longs;carce able to <lb/>break a very thin Gla&longs;s Bubble, and ut-<pb xlink:href="013/01/314.jpg" pagenum="284"/>terly unable to break one &longs;omewhat thic<lb/>ker, within who&longs;e cavity it was impri<lb/>&longs;on'd; whereas Air pent up and agitated <lb/>by heat is able to perform &longs;o much more <lb/>con&longs;iderable effects, that (not to mention <lb/>tho&longs;e of Rarefaction that are more obvi<lb/>ous) the Learned Je&longs;uit <emph type="italics"/>Cabæus<emph.end type="italics"/> (he that <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg45"></arrow.to.target><lb/>writ of the Load-&longs;tone) relates, That he <lb/>&longs;aw a Marble Pillar (&longs;o va&longs;t, that three <lb/>men together with di&longs;play'd arms could <lb/>not imbrace it, and that 1000 Yoke of <lb/>Oxen drawing it &longs;everal ways with all <lb/>their &longs;trength, could not have torn it <lb/>a&longs;&longs;under) quite broken off in the mid&longs;t, <lb/>by rea&longs;on of &longs;ome Wood, which hap<lb/>pening to be burnt ju&longs;t by the Pillar, the <lb/>heat proceeding from the neighboring <lb/>Fire, &longs;o rarified &longs;ome Air or Spirituous <lb/>Matter which was &longs;hut up in the cavities <lb/>of the Marble, that it broke through the <lb/>&longs;olid Body of the Stone to obtain room <lb/>to expand it &longs;elf. </s>

<s>For <lb/>it may &longs;eem &longs;trange, &longs;ince by our &longs;ixth <lb/>Experiment it appears, that the Air, when <lb/>permitted, will by its own internal Spring <lb/>expand it &longs;elfe twice as much as <emph type="italics"/>Mer<lb/>&longs;ennus<emph.end type="italics"/> was able to expand it, by the <lb/>heat even of a candent <emph type="italics"/>Æolipile:<emph.end type="italics"/> Yet <lb/>the <emph type="italics"/>Elater<emph.end type="italics"/> of the Air was &longs;carce able to <lb/>break a very thin Gla&longs;s Bubble, and ut-<pb xlink:href="013/01/314.jpg" pagenum="284"/>terly unable to break one &longs;omewhat thic<lb/>ker, within who&longs;e cavity it was impri<lb/>&longs;on'd; whereas Air pent up and agitated <lb/>by heat is able to perform &longs;o much more <lb/>con&longs;iderable effects, that (not to mention <lb/>tho&longs;e of Rarefaction that are more obvi<lb/>ous) the Learned Je&longs;uit <emph type="italics"/>Cabæus<emph.end type="italics"/> (he that <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg45"/><lb/>writ of the Load-&longs;tone) relates, That he <lb/>&longs;aw a Marble Pillar (&longs;o va&longs;t, that three <lb/>men together with di&longs;play'd arms could <lb/>not imbrace it, and that 1000 Yoke of <lb/>Oxen drawing it &longs;everal ways with all <lb/>their &longs;trength, could not have torn it <lb/>a&longs;&longs;under) quite broken off in the mid&longs;t, <lb/>by rea&longs;on of &longs;ome Wood, which hap<lb/>pening to be burnt ju&longs;t by the Pillar, the <lb/>heat proceeding from the neighboring <lb/>Fire, &longs;o rarified &longs;ome Air or Spirituous <lb/>Matter which was &longs;hut up in the cavities <lb/>of the Marble, that it broke through the <lb/>&longs;olid Body of the Stone to obtain room <lb/>to expand it &longs;elf. </s>

<s><margin.target id="marg45"/><emph type="italics"/><gap/>: Nicoi: <lb/>Cab: lib:<emph.end type="italics"/> 4. <lb/><emph type="italics"/>Meteo<gap/> A<lb/><gap/><emph.end type="italics"/></s>

<s>I remember I have taken notice that <lb/>probably the rea&longs;on why the included Air <lb/>did not break the hermetically &longs;eal'd Bub<lb/>bles that remain'd intire in our emptyed <lb/>Receiver, was, That the Air, being &longs;ome<lb/>what rarefied by the Flame imploy'd to <lb/>clo&longs;e the Gla&longs;s, its Spring, upon the re-<pb xlink:href="013/01/315.jpg" pagenum="285"/>ce&longs;s of the heat, grew weaker then before. <lb/></s>

Line 1781

Line 1782

<s>As to the proportion of weight be<lb/>twixt Air and Water, &longs;ome learned men <lb/>have attempted it by wayes &longs;o unaccurate <lb/>that they &longs;eeme to have much mi&longs;taken <lb/>it. </s>

<s>For (not to mention the improbable <lb/>accounts of <emph type="italics"/>Kepler<emph.end type="italics"/> and others.) The l<gap/>ar-<pb xlink:href="013/01/319.jpg" pagenum="289"/>ned and diligent <emph type="italics"/>Ricciolus,<emph.end type="italics"/> having pur<lb/>po&longs;ely endeavoured to inve&longs;tigate this <lb/>proportion by meanes of a thin blad<lb/>der, e&longs;timates the weight of the Air to <lb/>that of the Water to be as one to ten <lb/>thou&longs;and, or thereabouts. </s>

<s>For (not to mention the improbable <lb/>accounts of <emph type="italics"/>Kepler<emph.end type="italics"/> and others.) The lear-<pb xlink:href="013/01/319.jpg" pagenum="289"/>ned and diligent <emph type="italics"/>Ricciolus,<emph.end type="italics"/> having pur<lb/>po&longs;ely endeavoured to inve&longs;tigate this <lb/>proportion by meanes of a thin blad<lb/>der, e&longs;timates the weight of the Air to <lb/>that of the Water to be as one to ten <lb/>thou&longs;and, or thereabouts. </s>

<s>And indeed I re<lb/>member that having formerly, on a cer<lb/>tain occa&longs;ion, weighed a large bladder full <lb/>of Air, and found it when the Air was all <lb/>&longs;quee&longs;ed out, to have contained fourteen <lb/>graines of Air. </s>

Line 1813

Line 1814

<s>We took then a Gla&longs;s Pipe, of the <lb/>form of an inverted <emph type="italics"/>Siphon,<emph.end type="italics"/> who&longs;e &longs;hape <lb/>is delineated in the &longs;ixteenth Figure: And <lb/>pouring into it a quantity of Quick &longs;ilver, <lb/>we held it &longs;o, that the &longs;uperficies of the <lb/>Liquor, both in the longer and &longs;horter <lb/>leg, lay in a Horizontal Line, denoted in <lb/>the Scheme by the prick'd Line EF; then <lb/>pouring Water into the longer Leg of the <lb/><emph type="italics"/>Siphon,<emph.end type="italics"/> till that was almo&longs;t fill'd, we ob<lb/>&longs;erv'd the &longs;urface of the Quick-&longs;ilver in <lb/>that leg to be, by the weight of the Wa<lb/>ter, depre&longs;&longs;'d, as from E to B; and in <lb/>the &longs;horter leg, to be as much impell'd <lb/>upward as from F to G: Whereupon ha<lb/>ving formerly &longs;tuck marks, as well at the <lb/>point B, as at the oppo&longs;ite point D, we <lb/>mealur d both the di&longs;tance DC to have <lb/>the height of the Cylinder of Quick-&longs;il<lb/>ver, which was rai&longs;'d above the Point D <lb/>(level with the &longs;urface of the Quick-&longs;ilver <lb/>in the other leg) by the weight of the Wa<lb/>ter, and the di&longs;tance BA which gave us <lb/>the height of the Cylinder of Water. </s>

<s>So <lb/>that the di&longs;tance DC amounting to (2 1<gap/>/54) <lb/>Inches, and the height of the Water a<lb/>mounting (30 45/51) Inches; and the whole <pb xlink:href="013/01/325.jpg" pagenum="295"/>numbers on both &longs;ides, which the annex<lb/>ed Fractions being reduc'd to improper <lb/>Fractions of the &longs;ame denomination, the <lb/>proportion appear'd to be (the denomi<lb/>nators beng left out as equal on both &longs;ides) <lb/>as 121 to 1665; or by reduction, as one <lb/>to (13 92/121). </s>

<s>So <lb/>that the di&longs;tance DC amounting to (2 12/54) <lb/>Inches, and the height of the Water a<lb/>mounting (30 45/50) Inches; and the whole <pb xlink:href="013/01/325.jpg" pagenum="295"/>numbers on both &longs;ides, which the annex<lb/>ed Fractions being reduc'd to improper <lb/>Fractions of the &longs;ame denomination, the <lb/>proportion appear'd to be (the denomi<lb/>nators beng left out as equal on both &longs;ides) <lb/>as 121 to 1665; or by reduction, as one <lb/>to (13 92/121). </s>

<s>Be&longs;ides this unu&longs;ual way of determi<lb/>ning the gravity of &longs;ome things, we mea<lb/>&longs;ur'd the proportion betwixt Quick-&longs;ilver <lb/>and Water, by the help of &longs;o exact a bal<lb/>lance, as loo&longs;es its <emph type="italics"/>Æquilibrium<emph.end type="italics"/> by the <lb/>hundredth part of a Grain. </s>

<s>But becau&longs;e <lb/>there is wont to be committed an over<lb/>&longs;ight in weighing Quick-&longs;ilver and Wa<lb/>ter, e&longs;pecially if the Orifice of the Ve&longs;&longs;el <lb/>wherein they are put be any thing wide, in <lb/>regard that men heed not that the &longs;urface <lb/>of Water in Ve&longs;&longs;els will be concave, <lb/>but that of Quick-&longs;ilver, notably convex <lb/>or protuberant: To avoid this u&longs;ual over<lb/>&longs;ight (I &longs;ay) we made u&longs;e of a gla&longs;s bubble, <lb/>blown very thin at the Flame of a Lamp, <lb/>that it might not be too heavy for the <lb/>Ballance, and terminating in a very &longs;lender <lb/>neck, wherein the concavity or convexity <lb/>of a Liquor could not be con&longs;iderable: <lb/>This Gla&longs;s weighing 23 1/2 Grains, we fill'd <pb xlink:href="013/01/326.jpg" pagenum="296"/>almo&longs;t with Quick-&longs;ilver, and fa&longs;tning a <lb/>mark over again&longs;t the middle of the pro<lb/>tuberant Superficies as near as our Eyes <lb/>could judge, we found that the Quick<lb/>&longs;ilver alone weighed 299 <gap/> Grains: Then <lb/>the Quick-&longs;ilver being pour'd out, and <lb/>the &longs;ame Gla&longs;s being fill'd as full of com<lb/>mon Water, we found the Liquor to <lb/>weigh 21 7/8 Grains. </s>

<s>But becau&longs;e <lb/>there is wont to be committed an over<lb/>&longs;ight in weighing Quick-&longs;ilver and Wa<lb/>ter, e&longs;pecially if the Orifice of the Ve&longs;&longs;el <lb/>wherein they are put be any thing wide, in <lb/>regard that men heed not that the &longs;urface <lb/>of Water in Ve&longs;&longs;els will be concave, <lb/>but that of Quick-&longs;ilver, notably convex <lb/>or protuberant: To avoid this u&longs;ual over<lb/>&longs;ight (I &longs;ay) we made u&longs;e of a gla&longs;s bubble, <lb/>blown very thin at the Flame of a Lamp, <lb/>that it might not be too heavy for the <lb/>Ballance, and terminating in a very &longs;lender <lb/>neck, wherein the concavity or convexity <lb/>of a Liquor could not be con&longs;iderable: <lb/>This Gla&longs;s weighing 23 1/2 Grains, we fill'd <pb xlink:href="013/01/326.jpg" pagenum="296"/>almo&longs;t with Quick-&longs;ilver, and fa&longs;tning a <lb/>mark over again&longs;t the middle of the pro<lb/>tuberant Superficies as near as our Eyes <lb/>could judge, we found that the Quick<lb/>&longs;ilver alone weighed 299 1/32 Grains: Then <lb/>the Quick-&longs;ilver being pour'd out, and <lb/>the &longs;ame Gla&longs;s being fill'd as full of com<lb/>mon Water, we found the Liquor to <lb/>weigh 21 7/8 Grains. </s>

<s>Whereby it appear'd <lb/>that the weight of Water to Quick<lb/>&longs;ilver, is as one to (13 19/28): Though our Il<lb/>lu&longs;trious <emph type="italics"/>Verulam<emph.end type="italics"/> (que&longs;tionle&longs;s not for <lb/>want of Judgement or Care, but of ex<lb/>act In&longs;truments) makes the proportion <lb/>betwixt tho&longs;e two Liquors to be greater <lb/>then of 1 to 17. And to adde, that up<lb/>on the by, &longs;ince Quick-&longs;ilver and well <lb/>rectified Spirit of Wine, are (how ju&longs;tly <lb/>I &longs;ay not) accounted, the one the hea<lb/>vie&longs;t, and the other the lighte&longs;t of Li<lb/>quors; we thought to fill in the &longs;ame <lb/>Gla&longs;s, and with the &longs;ame Scales to ob<lb/>&longs;erve the difference betwixt them, which <lb/>we found to be as of 1 to (16 641/1084); where<lb/>by it appear'd, That the difference be<lb/>twixt Spirit of Wine, that may be made <lb/>to burn all away, (&longs;uch as was ours) and <lb/>common Water, is as betwixt 1 and (1 44/171) </s><pb xlink:href="013/01/327.jpg" pagenum="297"/>

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Line 1828

<s>Wherefore having now given us the <lb/>proportion of Air to Water, and Water <lb/>to Quick-&longs;ilver, it will be very ea&longs;ie to <lb/>finde the proportion betwixt Air and <lb/>Quick-&longs;ilver, in ca&longs;e we will &longs;uppo&longs;e the <lb/>Atmo&longs;phere to be uniformly of &longs;uch a <lb/>con&longs;i&longs;tence as the Air we weighed here <lb/>below. </s>

<s>For &longs;ince our Engine hath &longs;uffi<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg46"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ciently manife&longs;ted that 'tis the <emph type="italics"/>Æquili<lb/>brium<emph.end type="italics"/> with the external Air, that in the <lb/><emph type="italics"/>Torricellian<emph.end type="italics"/> Experiment keeps the Quick<lb/>&longs;ilver from &longs;ub&longs;iding; And &longs;ince, by our <lb/>accurate Experiment formerly mention'd, <pb xlink:href="013/01/328.jpg" pagenum="298"/>it appears that a Cylinder of Mercury, <lb/>able to ballance a Cylinder of the whole <lb/>Atmo&longs;phere, amounted to near about <lb/>thirty Inches; and &longs;ince, con&longs;equently <lb/>we may a&longs;&longs;ume the proportion of Quick<lb/>&longs;ilver to Air to be as fourteen thou&longs;and to <lb/>one; it will follow, that a Cylinder of <lb/>Air, capable to maintain an <emph type="italics"/>Æquilibrium,<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>with a Mercurial Cylinder of two Foot <lb/>and an half in height, mu&longs;t amount to <lb/>35000 Feet of our Engli&longs;h Mea&longs;ure; <lb/>and con&longs;equently (reckoning five Foot <lb/>to a Geometrical Pace, and one thou&longs;and <lb/>&longs;uch Paces to a Mile) to &longs;even full <lb/>Miles. </s>

<s>For &longs;ince our Engine hath &longs;uffi<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg46"/><lb/>ciently manife&longs;ted that 'tis the <emph type="italics"/>Æquili<lb/>brium<emph.end type="italics"/> with the external Air, that in the <lb/><emph type="italics"/>Torricellian<emph.end type="italics"/> Experiment keeps the Quick<lb/>&longs;ilver from &longs;ub&longs;iding; And &longs;ince, by our <lb/>accurate Experiment formerly mention'd, <pb xlink:href="013/01/328.jpg" pagenum="298"/>it appears that a Cylinder of Mercury, <lb/>able to ballance a Cylinder of the whole <lb/>Atmo&longs;phere, amounted to near about <lb/>thirty Inches; and &longs;ince, con&longs;equently <lb/>we may a&longs;&longs;ume the proportion of Quick<lb/>&longs;ilver to Air to be as fourteen thou&longs;and to <lb/>one; it will follow, that a Cylinder of <lb/>Air, capable to maintain an <emph type="italics"/>Æquilibrium,<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>with a Mercurial Cylinder of two Foot <lb/>and an half in height, mu&longs;t amount to <lb/>35000 Feet of our Engli&longs;h Mea&longs;ure; <lb/>and con&longs;equently (reckoning five Foot <lb/>to a Geometrical Pace, and one thou&longs;and <lb/>&longs;uch Paces to a Mile) to &longs;even full <lb/>Miles. </s>

<s>But this (as we lately intimated) pro<lb/>ceeds upon the &longs;uppo&longs;ition, that the Air <lb/>is every where of the &longs;ame con&longs;i&longs;tence <lb/>that we found it near the &longs;urface of the <lb/>Earth; but that cannot with any &longs;afety <lb/>be concluded, not onely for the rea&longs;on I <lb/>finde to have been taken notice of by the <lb/>Antients, and thus expre&longs;t in <emph type="italics"/>Seneca: <lb/>Omnis Aër<emph.end type="italics"/> (&longs;ays he) <emph type="italics"/>quo propior e&longs;t terris<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg47"></arrow.to.target><lb/><emph type="italics"/>hoc cra&longs;sior; quemadmodum in aqua & in <lb/>omni humore fæx ima e&longs;t, it a in Aëre &longs;pi&longs;<lb/>&longs;ißima quæ&queacute; de&longs;idunt;<emph.end type="italics"/> but much more, <lb/>becau&longs;e the &longs;pringy Texture of the Aërial <lb/>Corpu&longs;cles, makes them capable of a <pb xlink:href="013/01/329.jpg" pagenum="299"/>very great compre&longs;&longs;ion, which the weight <lb/>of the incumbent part of the Atmo<lb/>&longs;phere is very &longs;ufficient to give tho&longs;e that <lb/>be undermo&longs;t and near the &longs;urface of the <lb/>Earth. </s>

<s>But this (as we lately intimated) pro<lb/>ceeds upon the &longs;uppo&longs;ition, that the Air <lb/>is every where of the &longs;ame con&longs;i&longs;tence <lb/>that we found it near the &longs;urface of the <lb/>Earth; but that cannot with any &longs;afety <lb/>be concluded, not onely for the rea&longs;on I <lb/>finde to have been taken notice of by the <lb/>Antients, and thus expre&longs;t in <emph type="italics"/>Seneca: <lb/>Omnis Aër<emph.end type="italics"/> (&longs;ays he) <emph type="italics"/>quo propior e&longs;t terris<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg47"/><lb/><emph type="italics"/>hoc cra&longs;sior; quemadmodum in aqua & in <lb/>omni humore fæx ima e&longs;t, it a in Aëre &longs;pi&longs;<lb/>&longs;ißima quæ&queacute; de&longs;idunt;<emph.end type="italics"/> but much more, <lb/>becau&longs;e the &longs;pringy Texture of the Aërial <lb/>Corpu&longs;cles, makes them capable of a <pb xlink:href="013/01/329.jpg" pagenum="299"/>very great compre&longs;&longs;ion, which the weight <lb/>of the incumbent part of the Atmo<lb/>&longs;phere is very &longs;ufficient to give tho&longs;e that <lb/>be undermo&longs;t and near the &longs;urface of the <lb/>Earth. </s>

<s>And if we recall to minde tho&longs;e <lb/>former Experiments, whereby we have <lb/>manife&longs;ted, That Air, much rarefied with<lb/>out heat, may ea&longs;ily admit a further ra<lb/>refaction from heat; and that the Air, even <lb/>without being expanded by heat, is capa<lb/>ble of being rarefied to above one hundred <lb/>and fifty times the extent it u&longs;ually po&longs;<lb/>&longs;e&longs;&longs;es here below; How can it be demon<lb/>&longs;trated that the Atmo&longs;phere may not, for <lb/>ought we know, or at lea&longs;t for ought can <lb/>be determin'd by our Statical and Mecha<lb/>nical Experiments, ri&longs;e to the height of <lb/>Five and twenty <emph type="italics"/>German<emph.end type="italics"/> Leagues, if not <lb/>of &longs;ome hundred of common Miles? </s>

<s>And this conjecture it &longs;elf may appear <lb/>very injurious to the height whereunto <lb/>Exhalations may a&longs;cend, if we will allow <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg48"></arrow.to.target><lb/>that there was no mi&longs;take in that &longs;trange <lb/>Ob&longs;ervation made at <emph type="italics"/>Tolous<emph.end type="italics"/> in a clear <lb/>Night in <emph type="italics"/>Augu&longs;t,<emph.end type="italics"/> by the diligent Ma<lb/>thematician <emph type="italics"/>Emanuel Magnan,<emph.end type="italics"/> and thus <lb/>Recorded by <emph type="italics"/>Ricciolus,<emph.end type="italics"/> (for I have not at <lb/>hand the Authors own Book) <emph type="italics"/>Vidit<emph.end type="italics"/> (&longs;ays <lb/>he) <emph type="italics"/>ab hor a undecima po&longs;t meridiem u&longs;&queacute; ad<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="013/01/330.jpg" pagenum="300"/><emph type="italics"/>mediam noctem Lunâ infra horizontem <lb/>po&longs;itâ, nubeculam quandam lucidam prope <lb/>Meridianum fere u&longs;que ad Zenith diffu&longs;am <lb/>quæ con&longs;ider at is omnibus non poter at ni&longs;i à <lb/>&longs;ole illuminari; ideoque altior e&longs;&longs;e debuit <lb/>tota umbr a terræ. </s>

<s>And this conjecture it &longs;elf may appear <lb/>very injurious to the height whereunto <lb/>Exhalations may a&longs;cend, if we will allow <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg48"/><lb/>that there was no mi&longs;take in that &longs;trange <lb/>Ob&longs;ervation made at <emph type="italics"/>Tolous<emph.end type="italics"/> in a clear <lb/>Night in <emph type="italics"/>Augu&longs;t,<emph.end type="italics"/> by the diligent Ma<lb/>thematician <emph type="italics"/>Emanuel Magnan,<emph.end type="italics"/> and thus <lb/>Recorded by <emph type="italics"/>Ricciolus,<emph.end type="italics"/> (for I have not at <lb/>hand the Authors own Book) <emph type="italics"/>Vidit<emph.end type="italics"/> (&longs;ays <lb/>he) <emph type="italics"/>ab hor a undecima po&longs;t meridiem u&longs;&queacute; ad<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="013/01/330.jpg" pagenum="300"/><emph type="italics"/>mediam noctem Lunâ infra horizontem <lb/>po&longs;itâ, nubeculam quandam lucidam prope <lb/>Meridianum fere u&longs;que ad Zenith diffu&longs;am <lb/>quæ con&longs;ider at is omnibus non poter at ni&longs;i à <lb/>&longs;ole illuminari; ideoque altior e&longs;&longs;e debuit <lb/>tota umbr a terræ. </s>

<s>Addit<emph.end type="italics"/> (continues <emph type="italics"/>Ricci<lb/>olus) &longs;imile quid eveni&longs;&longs;e Michaeli Angelo <lb/>Riccio apud Sabinos ver&longs;anti nempe viro <lb/>in Mathe&longs;i eruditi&longs;simo.<emph.end type="italics"/></s>

<s>Various Ob&longs;ervations made at the <lb/>feet, tops, and interjacent parts of high <lb/>Mountains, might perchance &longs;omewhat <lb/>a&longs;&longs;i&longs;t us to make an e&longs;timate in what pro<lb/>portion, if in any certain one, the higher <lb/>Air is thicker then the lower, and ghe&longs;s <lb/>at the di&longs;-form con&longs;i&longs;tence, as to laxity <lb/>and compactne&longs;s of the Air at &longs;everal <lb/>di&longs;tances from us. </s>

<s>And if the difficul<lb/>ties about the refractions of the Cele&longs;tial <lb/>Lights, were &longs;atisfactorily determin'd, <lb/>that might al&longs;o much conduce to the pla<lb/>cing due limits to the Atmo&longs;phere (who&longs;e <lb/>Dimen&longs;ions tho&longs;e Ob&longs;ervations about <lb/>Refractions &longs;eem hitherto much to con<lb/>tract.) But for the pre&longs;ent we dare not <lb/>pronounce any thing peremptorily con<lb/>cerning the height of it, but leave it to <lb/>further inquiry: contenting our &longs;elves to <lb/>have manife&longs;ted the mi&longs;take of divers <pb xlink:href="013/01/331.jpg" pagenum="301"/>eminent Modern Writers, who will not <lb/>allow the Atmo&longs;phere to exceed above <lb/>two or three Miles in height (as the Fa<lb/>mous K<emph type="italics"/>epler<emph.end type="italics"/> will not the <emph type="italics"/>Aër refractivus<emph.end type="italics"/>) <lb/>and to have rendred a rea&longs;on why in the <lb/>mention we made in the Notes upon the <lb/>fir&longs;t Experiment, touching the height of <lb/>the Atmo&longs;phere, we &longs;crupled not to &longs;peak <lb/>of it, as if it might be many Miles high. </s>

<s>WE will now proceed to recite a <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg49"></arrow.to.target><lb/><emph type="italics"/>Phænomenon,<emph.end type="italics"/> which, though <lb/>made among&longs;t the fir&longs;t, we thought fit <lb/>not to mention till after many others, that <lb/>we might have the opportunity to ob<lb/>&longs;erve as many Circum&longs;tances of it as we <lb/>could, and &longs;o pre&longs;ent Your Lord&longs;hip at <lb/>once, mo&longs;t of what we at &longs;everal times <lb/>have taken notice of concerning &longs;o odde <lb/>a <emph type="italics"/>Phænomenon.<emph.end type="italics"/></s>

<s>WE will now proceed to recite a <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg49"/><lb/><emph type="italics"/>Phænomenon,<emph.end type="italics"/> which, though <lb/>made among&longs;t the fir&longs;t, we thought fit <lb/>not to mention till after many others, that <lb/>we might have the opportunity to ob<lb/>&longs;erve as many Circum&longs;tances of it as we <lb/>could, and &longs;o pre&longs;ent Your Lord&longs;hip at <lb/>once, mo&longs;t of what we at &longs;everal times <lb/>have taken notice of concerning &longs;o odde <lb/>a <emph type="italics"/>Phænomenon.<emph.end type="italics"/></s>

<s><margin.target id="marg49"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Experi<lb/>ment<emph.end type="italics"/> 37.</s>

<s><margin.target id="marg49"/><emph type="italics"/>Experi<lb/>ment<emph.end type="italics"/> 37.</s>

<s>Our Engine had not been long fini&longs;h'd, <lb/>when, at the fir&longs;t lea&longs;ure we could &longs;teal <lb/>from our occa&longs;ions to make tryal of it, <lb/>we cau&longs;'d the Air to be pump'd out of <lb/>the Receiver; and whil'&longs;t I was bu&longs;ied in <lb/>entertaining a Learned Friend that ju&longs;t <lb/>then came to vi&longs;it me, an Ingenious By-<pb xlink:href="013/01/332.jpg" pagenum="302"/>&longs;tander, thought he perceiv'd &longs;ome new <lb/>kind of Light in the Receiver, of which <lb/>giving me ha&longs;tily notice, my Friend and <lb/>I pre&longs;ently ob&longs;erv'd, that when the Suc<lb/>ker was drawn down, immediately upon <lb/>the turning of the Key, there appear'd <lb/>a kinde of Light in the Receiver, almo&longs;t <lb/>like a faint fla&longs;h of Lightening in the <lb/>Day-time, and almo&longs;t as &longs;uddenly did it <lb/>appear and vani&longs;h. </s>

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<s>And though that Conjecture which <lb/>we la&longs;t made &longs;hould not be rejected, yet if <lb/>we were further pre&longs;&longs;'d to a&longs;&longs;ign a rea&longs;on <lb/>why the Air &longs;hould abound with &longs;uch Par<lb/>ticles, as we there &longs;uppo&longs;e, more at one <pb xlink:href="013/01/346.jpg" pagenum="316"/>time then another, we are not yet pro<lb/>vided of any better An&longs;wer, then this <lb/>general one, That the Air about us, <lb/>and much more that within the Receiver, <lb/>may be much alter'd by &longs;uch cau&longs;es as few <lb/>are aware of: For, not to repeat tho&longs;e <lb/>probable Arguments of this A&longs;&longs;ertion <lb/>which we have occa&longs;ionally mention'd <lb/>here and there in the former part of this <lb/>Epi&longs;tle, we will here &longs;et down two or <lb/>three In&longs;tances to verifie the &longs;ame Propo<lb/>&longs;ition. </s>

<s>Fir&longs;t, I finde that the Learned <lb/><emph type="italics"/>Fo&longs;ephus Aco&longs;ta,<emph.end type="italics"/> among other Judicious <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg50"></arrow.to.target><lb/>Ob&longs;ervations he made in <emph type="italics"/>America,<emph.end type="italics"/> hath <lb/>this concerning the Effects of &longs;ome <lb/>Winds; <emph type="italics"/>There are<emph.end type="italics"/> (&longs;ays he) <emph type="italics"/>Winds which <lb/>naturally trouble the Water of the Sea, and <lb/>make it green, and black; others, clear as <lb/>Cry&longs;tal.<emph.end type="italics"/></s><s> Next, we have ob&longs;erv'd, That <lb/>though we conveyd into the Receiver our <lb/>Scales, and the <emph type="italics"/>Pendula<emph.end type="italics"/> formerly men<lb/>tion'd, clean and bright; yet after the Re<lb/>ceiver had been empty'd, and the Air let in <lb/>again, the glo&longs;s or lu&longs;tre both of the one, <lb/>and of the other, appear'd tarni&longs;h'd by a <lb/>beginning ru&longs;t. </s>

<s>Fir&longs;t, I finde that the Learned <lb/><emph type="italics"/>Fo&longs;ephus Aco&longs;ta,<emph.end type="italics"/> among other Judicious <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg50"/><lb/>Ob&longs;ervations he made in <emph type="italics"/>America,<emph.end type="italics"/> hath <lb/>this concerning the Effects of &longs;ome <lb/>Winds; <emph type="italics"/>There are<emph.end type="italics"/> (&longs;ays he) <emph type="italics"/>Winds which <lb/>naturally trouble the Water of the Sea, and <lb/>make it green, and black; others, clear as <lb/>Cry&longs;tal.<emph.end type="italics"/></s><s> Next, we have ob&longs;erv'd, That <lb/>though we conveyd into the Receiver our <lb/>Scales, and the <emph type="italics"/>Pendula<emph.end type="italics"/> formerly men<lb/>tion'd, clean and bright; yet after the Re<lb/>ceiver had been empty'd, and the Air let in <lb/>again, the glo&longs;s or lu&longs;tre both of the one, <lb/>and of the other, appear'd tarni&longs;h'd by a <lb/>beginning ru&longs;t. </s>

<s>And in the la&longs;t place, we <lb/>will &longs;ubjoyn an Ob&longs;ervation we made <lb/>&longs;ome Years ago, which hath been heard <lb/>of by divers Ingenious Men, and &longs;een <pb xlink:href="013/01/347.jpg" pagenum="317"/>by &longs;ome of them: We had, with pure <lb/>Spirit of Wine, drawn a Tincture out of <lb/>a certain Concrete which u&longs;es to be rec<lb/>koned among Mineral Bodies; And this <lb/>Tincture being very pure and tran&longs;parent, <lb/>we did, becau&longs;e we put a great value upon <lb/>it, put into a Cry&longs;tal Viol which we care<lb/>fully &longs;topp'd, and lock'd up in a Pre&longs;s a<lb/>mong &longs;ome other things that we &longs;pecial<lb/>ly priz'd. </s>

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<s>But, My Lord, what has been <lb/>all this while &longs;aid concerning our <emph type="italics"/>Phæno<lb/>menon,<emph.end type="italics"/> is offer'd to You, not as contain<lb/>ing a &longs;atisfactory Account of it, but to <lb/>a&longs;&longs;i&longs;t You to give Your&longs;elf one. </s><pb xlink:href="013/01/349.jpg" pagenum="319"/>

<s>WE took a Gla&longs;s Ve&longs;&longs;el, open <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg51"></arrow.to.target><lb/>at the top, and into it we put <lb/>a mixture of Snow and common Salt <lb/>(&longs;uch a mixture as we have in another <lb/>Treati&longs;e largely di&longs;cour&longs;ed of) and in<lb/>to the mid&longs;t of this mixture we &longs;et a <lb/>Gla&longs;&longs;e, of a Cylindrical form, clo&longs;ely <lb/>&longs;topp'd at the lower end with Plai&longs;ter, <lb/>and open at the upper, at which we <lb/>fill'd it with common Water. </s>

<s>WE took a Gla&longs;s Ve&longs;&longs;el, open <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg51"/><lb/>at the top, and into it we put <lb/>a mixture of Snow and common Salt <lb/>(&longs;uch a mixture as we have in another <lb/>Treati&longs;e largely di&longs;cour&longs;ed of) and in<lb/>to the mid&longs;t of this mixture we &longs;et a <lb/>Gla&longs;&longs;e, of a Cylindrical form, clo&longs;ely <lb/>&longs;topp'd at the lower end with Plai&longs;ter, <lb/>and open at the upper, at which we <lb/>fill'd it with common Water. </s>

<s>The&longs;e <lb/>things being let down into the Recei<lb/>ver, and the Pump being &longs;et awork, <lb/>the Snow began to melt &longs;omewhat fa<lb/>&longs;ter then we expected; whether upon <lb/>the account of the Ex&longs;uction of the <lb/>Air, or becau&longs;e there was but little of <lb/>the Snow, or whether for any other <lb/>Rea&longs;on, it appeared doubtfull. </s>

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<s>The like <lb/>Experiment we try'd al&longs;o another time in <lb/>one of our &longs;mall Receivers, with not un<lb/>like &longs;ucce&longs;s. </s>

<s><margin.target id="marg51"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Experi<lb/>ment<emph.end type="italics"/> 38.</s>

<s><margin.target id="marg51"/><emph type="italics"/>Experi<lb/>ment<emph.end type="italics"/> 38.</s>

<s>And on this occa&longs;ion, My Lord, give <lb/>me leave to propo&longs;e a Problem, which <lb/>&longs;hall be this: Whence proceeds that <lb/>&longs;trange force that we may &longs;ometimes ob<lb/>&longs;erve in frozen Water, to break the Bo<lb/>dies that Impri&longs;on it, though hard and &longs;o<lb/>lid? </s>

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<s>And I remember another Trades<lb/>man, in who&longs;e Hou&longs;e I had Lodgings, was <lb/>la&longs;t Winter complaining, that even Im<lb/>plements made of Bell-metal, being care<lb/>le&longs;ly expo&longs;'d to the wet, have been broken <lb/>and &longs;poil'd by the Water, which, having <lb/>gotten into the little Cavities and Cran<lb/>nies of the Metal, was there afterwards <lb/>frozen and expanded into Ice. </s>

<s>And to <lb/>the&longs;e Relations, we can adde one of the <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg52"></arrow.to.target><lb/>formerly mention'd <emph type="italics"/>Cabæus's,<emph.end type="italics"/> whereby <lb/>they not onely may be confirm'd, but are <lb/>&longs;urpa&longs;&longs;'d: For he tells us, That he &longs;aw a <lb/>huge Ve&longs;&longs;el of exceeding hard Marble, <lb/>&longs;plit a&longs;under by congel'd Water, who&longs;e <lb/>Rarefaction, &longs;ays our Author, prov'd &longs;o <lb/>vehement, that the hardne&longs;s of the Stone <lb/>yielded to it; and &longs;o a Ve&longs;&longs;el was broken, <lb/>which would not have been &longs;o by 100 <pb xlink:href="013/01/352.jpg" pagenum="322"/>Yoke of Oxen drawing it &longs;everal ways. </s>

<s>And to <lb/>the&longs;e Relations, we can adde one of the <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg52"/><lb/>formerly mention'd <emph type="italics"/>Cabæus's,<emph.end type="italics"/> whereby <lb/>they not onely may be confirm'd, but are <lb/>&longs;urpa&longs;&longs;'d: For he tells us, That he &longs;aw a <lb/>huge Ve&longs;&longs;el of exceeding hard Marble, <lb/>&longs;plit a&longs;under by congel'd Water, who&longs;e <lb/>Rarefaction, &longs;ays our Author, prov'd &longs;o <lb/>vehement, that the hardne&longs;s of the Stone <lb/>yielded to it; and &longs;o a Ve&longs;&longs;el was broken, <lb/>which would not have been &longs;o by 100 <pb xlink:href="013/01/352.jpg" pagenum="322"/>Yoke of Oxen drawing it &longs;everal ways. </s>

<s>I <lb/>know, My Lord, that to &longs;olve this Pro<lb/>blem, it will be &longs;aid, That Congelation <lb/>does not (as is commonly, but erroneou&longs;ly <lb/>pre&longs;um'd) reduce water into le&longs;s room <lb/>then it po&longs;&longs;e&longs;&longs;'d before, but rather makes <lb/>it take up more. </s>

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<s>But though we grant that freezing makes <lb/>Water &longs;well, yet, how Cold (which in <lb/>Weather-Gla&longs;&longs;es manife&longs;tly condences <lb/>the Air) &longs;hould expand either the Water, <lb/>or the intercepted Air &longs;o forcibly, as to <lb/>perform &longs;uch things as we have newly re<lb/>lated, will yet remain a Problem. </s>

<s>WE took an Oval Gla&longs;s, clear and <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg53"></arrow.to.target><lb/>(lea&longs;t it &longs;hould break) pretty <lb/>&longs;trong, with a &longs;hort Neck at the obtu&longs;er <lb/>end, through this Neck, we thru&longs;t almo&longs;t <lb/>to the bottom, a Pipe of Gla&longs;s, which was <lb/>clo&longs;ely Cemented to the newly mention'd <lb/>Neck, the upper part of which Pipe, <lb/>was drawn in &longs;ome places more &longs;lender <pb xlink:href="013/01/353.jpg" pagenum="323"/>then a Crows Quill, that the changes of <lb/>the Air in that. </s>

<s>WE took an Oval Gla&longs;s, clear and <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg53"/><lb/>(lea&longs;t it &longs;hould break) pretty <lb/>&longs;trong, with a &longs;hort Neck at the obtu&longs;er <lb/>end, through this Neck, we thru&longs;t almo&longs;t <lb/>to the bottom, a Pipe of Gla&longs;s, which was <lb/>clo&longs;ely Cemented to the newly mention'd <lb/>Neck, the upper part of which Pipe, <lb/>was drawn in &longs;ome places more &longs;lender <pb xlink:href="013/01/353.jpg" pagenum="323"/>then a Crows Quill, that the changes of <lb/>the Air in that. </s>

<s>Gla&longs;s Egge might be the <lb/>more con&longs;picuous; Then there was con<lb/>vey'd into the Gla&longs;s five or &longs;ix Spoon<lb/>fulls of Water, part of which, by blow<lb/>ing Air into the Egge, was rai&longs;'d into the <lb/>above-mention'd &longs;lender part of the Pipe, <lb/>&longs;o that the Water was interpo&longs;'d between <lb/>the external Air, and that included in the <lb/>Egge. </s>

<s>This Weather-gla&longs;s (delineated <lb/>in the fourteenth Figure) was &longs;o plac'd, <lb/>and clo&longs;'d up in the cavity of one of our <lb/>&longs;mall Receivers, that onely the &longs;lender <lb/>part of the Pipe, to the heigth of four <lb/>or five Inches, pa&longs;&longs;ing thorow a hole in <lb/>the Cover, remain'd expo&longs;'d to the open <lb/>Air. </s>

<s><margin.target id="marg53"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Experi<lb/>ment<emph.end type="italics"/> 39.</s>

<s><margin.target id="marg53"/><emph type="italics"/>Experi<lb/>ment<emph.end type="italics"/> 39.</s>

<s>The Pump being &longs;et a work, upon <lb/>the Ex&longs;uction of the Air, the Water in <lb/>the Pipe de&longs;cended about a quarter of an <lb/>Inch, and this upon two or three reitera<lb/>ted tryals; which &longs;eem'd &longs;ufficiently to <lb/>argue that there was no heat produc'd in <lb/>the Receiver upon the Ex&longs;uction of the <lb/>Air: For even a little heat would pro<lb/>bably have been di&longs;cover'd by that Wea<lb/>ther-gla&longs;s, &longs;ince upon the bare applica<lb/>tion of my hand to the out&longs;ide of the <lb/>Receiver, the warmth having after &longs;ome <pb xlink:href="013/01/354.jpg" pagenum="324"/>time been communicated or propagated <lb/>through both the Gla&longs;&longs;es, and the inter<lb/>val betwixt them to the Impri&longs;on'd Air, <lb/>did &longs;o rarifie that, as to inable it, by pre&longs;<lb/>&longs;ing upon the &longs;ubjacent Water, to impel <lb/>that in the Pipe very many times as far as <lb/>it had fallen downwards upon the Ex&longs;ucti<lb/>on of the Air. </s>

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<s>But we found not that even this loo&longs;e <lb/>Body was &longs;en&longs;ibly alter'd by the Ex&longs;ucti<lb/>on of the ambient Air. </s>

<s>IT may &longs;eem well worth trying, whether <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg54"></arrow.to.target><lb/>or no in our exhau&longs;ted Gla&longs;s the want <lb/>of an ambient Body, of the wonted thic<lb/>ne&longs;s of Air, would di&longs;able even light and <lb/>little Animals, as Bees, and other winged <lb/>In&longs;ects, to flie. </s>

<s>IT may &longs;eem well worth trying, whether <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg54"/><lb/>or no in our exhau&longs;ted Gla&longs;s the want <lb/>of an ambient Body, of the wonted thic<lb/>ne&longs;s of Air, would di&longs;able even light and <lb/>little Animals, as Bees, and other winged <lb/>In&longs;ects, to flie. </s>

<s>But though we ea&longs;ily <lb/>fore&longs;aw how difficult it would be to make <lb/>&longs;uch an Experiment; yet not to omit our <lb/>endeavors, we procur'd a large Fle&longs;h-fly, <lb/>which we convey'd into a &longs;mall Receiver. <lb/></s>

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<s>But whether this fall of the Bee, <lb/>and the other In&longs;ect, proceeded from the <lb/>mediums being too thin for them to flie in, <lb/>or barely from the weakne&longs;s, and as it were <lb/>&longs;wooning of the Animals them&longs;elves, you <lb/>will ea&longs;ily gather from the following Ex<lb/>periment. </s><pb xlink:href="013/01/358.jpg" pagenum="328"/>

<s><margin.target id="marg54"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Experi<lb/>ment<emph.end type="italics"/> 40.</s>

<s><margin.target id="marg54"/><emph type="italics"/>Experi<lb/>ment<emph.end type="italics"/> 40.</s>

<s>TO &longs;atisfie our &longs;elves in &longs;ome mea&longs;ure, <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg55"></arrow.to.target><lb/>about the account upon which Re&longs;pira<lb/>tion is &longs;o nece&longs;&longs;ary to the Animals, that <lb/>Nature hath furni&longs;h'd with Lungs, we <lb/>took (being then unable to procure any <lb/>other lively Bird, &longs;mall enough to be put <lb/>into the Receiver) a Lark, one of who&longs;e <lb/>Wings had been broken by a &longs;hot, of a <lb/>Man that we had &longs;ent to provide us &longs;ome <lb/>Birds for our Experiment; but notwith<lb/>&longs;tanding this hurt, the Lark was very <lb/>lively, and did, being put into the Recei<lb/>ver, divers times &longs;pring up in it to a good <lb/>height. </s>

<s>TO &longs;atisfie our &longs;elves in &longs;ome mea&longs;ure, <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg55"/><lb/>about the account upon which Re&longs;pira<lb/>tion is &longs;o nece&longs;&longs;ary to the Animals, that <lb/>Nature hath furni&longs;h'd with Lungs, we <lb/>took (being then unable to procure any <lb/>other lively Bird, &longs;mall enough to be put <lb/>into the Receiver) a Lark, one of who&longs;e <lb/>Wings had been broken by a &longs;hot, of a <lb/>Man that we had &longs;ent to provide us &longs;ome <lb/>Birds for our Experiment; but notwith<lb/>&longs;tanding this hurt, the Lark was very <lb/>lively, and did, being put into the Recei<lb/>ver, divers times &longs;pring up in it to a good <lb/>height. </s>

<s>The Ve&longs;&longs;el being ha&longs;tily, but <lb/>carefully clo&longs;'d, the Pump was diligently <lb/>ply'd, and the Bird for a while appear'd <lb/>lively enough; but upon a greater Ex<lb/>&longs;uction of the Air, &longs;he began manife&longs;tly <lb/>to droop and appear &longs;ick, and very &longs;oon <lb/>after was taken with as violent and irregu<lb/>lar Convul&longs;ions, as are wont to be ob<lb/>&longs;erv'd in Poultry, when their heads are <lb/>wrung off: For the Bird threw her &longs;elf <lb/>over and over two or three times, and dy<lb/>ed with her Brea&longs;t upward, her Head <lb/>downwards, and her Neck awry. </s>

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<s>Soon after we got a Hen-&longs;par<lb/>row, which being caught with Bird-lime <lb/>was not at all hurt; when we put her into <lb/>the Receiver, almo&longs;t to the top of which <lb/>&longs;he would briskly rai&longs;e her &longs;elf, the Ex<lb/>periment being try'd with this Bird, as it <lb/>was with the former, &longs;he &longs;eem'd to be <lb/>dead within &longs;even minutes, one of which <lb/>were imploy'd in cementing on the Co<lb/>ver: But upon the &longs;peedy turning of the <lb/>Key, the fre&longs;h Air flowing in, began &longs;low<lb/>ly to revive her, &longs;o that after &longs;ome pant<lb/>ings &longs;he open'd her eyes, and regain'd her <lb/>feet, and in about a 1/4 of an hour, after <lb/>threatned to make an e&longs;cape at the top of <lb/>the Gla&longs;s, which had been un&longs;topp'd to <lb/>let in the fre&longs;h Air upon her: But the Re<lb/>ceiver being clo&longs;'d the &longs;econd time, &longs;he <pb xlink:href="013/01/360.jpg" pagenum="330"/>was kill'd with violent Convul&longs;ions, <lb/>within five Minutes from the beginning <lb/>of the Pumping. </s>

<s><margin.target id="marg55"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Experi<lb/>ment<emph.end type="italics"/> 41.</s>

<s><margin.target id="marg55"/><emph type="italics"/>Experi<lb/>ment<emph.end type="italics"/> 41.</s>

<s>A while after we put in a Mou&longs;e, new<lb/>ly taken, in &longs;uch a Trap as had rather af<lb/>frighted then hurt him; vvhil'&longs;t he vvas <lb/>leaping up very high in the Receiver, vve <lb/>fa&longs;ten'd the Cover to it, expecting that <lb/>an Animal u&longs;ed to live in narrow holes <lb/>vvith very little fre&longs;h Air, vvould endure <lb/>the vvant of it better then the lately men<lb/>tion'd Birds: But though, for a vvhile af<lb/>ter the Pump vvas &longs;et avvork, he conti<lb/>nued leaping up as before; yet 'tvvas not <lb/>long ere he began to appear &longs;ick and gid<lb/>dy, and to &longs;tagger, after vvhich he fell <lb/>dovvn as dead, but vvithout &longs;uch violent <lb/>Convul&longs;ions as the Birds died vvith. <lb/></s>

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<s>For the fir&longs;t time, tho&longs;e Con<lb/>vul&longs;ions (that, if they had not been &longs;ud<lb/>denly remedied, had immediately di&longs;<lb/>patch'd him) &longs;ei&longs;'d on him in &longs;ix minutes <lb/>after the Pump began to be &longs;et awork. <lb/></s>

<s>The&longs;e Experiments &longs;eem'd the more <lb/>&longs;trange, in regard, that during a great part of <lb/>tho&longs;e few minutes the Engine could but <lb/>con&longs;iderably rarefie the Air (and that too, <lb/>but by degrees) and at the end of them <lb/>there remain'd in the Receiver no incon<lb/>&longs;iderable quantity; as may appear by what <lb/>we have formerly &longs;aid of our not being <lb/>able to draw down Water in a Tube, with<lb/>in much le&longs;s then a Foot of the bottom: <lb/>with which we likewi&longs;e con&longs;ider'd, that by <lb/>the ex&longs;uction of the Air and inter&longs;per<lb/>&longs;ed Vapors, there was left in the Recei<lb/>ver a &longs;pace &longs;ome hundreds of times ex<lb/>ceeding the bigne&longs;s of the Animal, <gap/>e<lb/>ceive the fuliginous Steams, from which, <pb xlink:href="013/01/362.jpg" pagenum="332"/>expiration di&longs;charges the Lungs; and, <lb/>which in the other ca&longs;es hitherto known, <lb/>may be &longs;u&longs;pected, for want of room, to <lb/>&longs;tifle tho&longs;e Animals that are clo&longs;ely pent <lb/>up in too narrow Receptacles. </s>

<s>The&longs;e Experiments &longs;eem'd the more <lb/>&longs;trange, in regard, that during a great part of <lb/>tho&longs;e few minutes the Engine could but <lb/>con&longs;iderably rarefie the Air (and that too, <lb/>but by degrees) and at the end of them <lb/>there remain'd in the Receiver no incon<lb/>&longs;iderable quantity; as may appear by what <lb/>we have formerly &longs;aid of our not being <lb/>able to draw down Water in a Tube, with<lb/>in much le&longs;s then a Foot of the bottom: <lb/>with which we likewi&longs;e con&longs;ider'd, that by <lb/>the ex&longs;uction of the Air and inter&longs;per<lb/>&longs;ed Vapors, there was left in the Recei<lb/>ver a &longs;pace &longs;ome hundreds of times ex<lb/>ceeding the bigne&longs;s of the Animal, to re<lb/>ceive the fuliginous Steams, from which, <pb xlink:href="013/01/362.jpg" pagenum="332"/>expiration di&longs;charges the Lungs; and, <lb/>which in the other ca&longs;es hitherto known, <lb/>may be &longs;u&longs;pected, for want of room, to <lb/>&longs;tifle tho&longs;e Animals that are clo&longs;ely pent <lb/>up in too narrow Receptacles. </s>

<s>I forgot to mention, that having cau&longs;'d <lb/>the&longs;e three Creatures to be open'd, I <lb/>could, in &longs;uch &longs;mall Bodies, di&longs;cover lit<lb/>tle of what we &longs;ought for, and what we <lb/>might po&longs;&longs;ibly have found in larger Ani<lb/>mals; for though the Lungs of the Birds <lb/>appear'd very red, and as it were inflam'd, <lb/>yet that colour being u&longs;ual enough in the <lb/>Lungs of &longs;uch winged Creatures, de&longs;erves <lb/>not &longs;o much our notice, as it does, That <lb/>in almo&longs;t all the de&longs;tructive Experiments <lb/>made in our Engine, the Animals appear'd <lb/>to die with violently Convul&longs;ive Moti<lb/>ons: From which, whether Phy&longs;icians can <lb/>gather any thing towards the Di&longs;covery <lb/>of the Nature of Convul&longs;ive Di&longs;tem<lb/>pers, I leave to them to con&longs;ider. </s>

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<s>But <lb/>yet, &longs;ince they have furni&longs;h'd me with <lb/>&longs;ome &longs;uch new Con&longs;iderations, concern<lb/>ing the u&longs;e of the Air, as confirms me in <lb/>my Diffidence of the Truth of what is <lb/>commonly believ'd touching that matter; <lb/>That I may not appear &longs;ullen or lazy, I <lb/>am content not to decline employing a <pb xlink:href="013/01/366.jpg" pagenum="336"/>few hours in &longs;etting down my Doubts, in <lb/>pre&longs;enting Your Lord&longs;hip &longs;ome Hints, <lb/>and in con&longs;idering whether the Tryals <lb/>made in our Engine, will at lea&longs;t a&longs;&longs;i&longs;t us <lb/>to di&longs;cover wherein the Deficiency lies <lb/>that needs to be &longs;upply'd. </s>

<s>And this, My Lord, being all my pre<lb/>&longs;ent De&longs;ign, I &longs;uppo&longs;e You will not ex<lb/>pect that (as if You knew not, or had for<lb/>gotten what Anatomi&longs;ts are wont to <lb/>teach) I &longs;hould entertain You with a need<lb/>le&longs;s Di&longs;cour&longs;e of the Organs of Re&longs;pira<lb/>tion, and the variety of their Structure in <lb/>&longs;everal Animals; though if it were ne<lb/>ce&longs;&longs;ary, and had not been perform'd by o<lb/>thers, I &longs;hould think, with <emph type="italics"/>Galen,<emph.end type="italics"/> that by <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg56"></arrow.to.target><lb/>treating of the Fabricks of living Bodies, <lb/>I might compo&longs;e Hymns to the wi&longs;e Au<lb/>thor of Nature, who, in the excellent con<lb/>trivance of the Lungs, and other parts of <lb/>(tho&longs;e admirable Engines) Animals, ma<lb/>nife&longs;ts him&longs;elf to be indeed what the Elo<lb/>quent Prophet mo&longs;t ju&longs;tly &longs;peaks him, <lb/><emph type="italics"/>Wonderful in Counsel, and excellent in<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg57"></arrow.to.target><lb/><emph type="italics"/>working.<emph.end type="italics"/></s>

<s>And this, My Lord, being all my pre<lb/>&longs;ent De&longs;ign, I &longs;uppo&longs;e You will not ex<lb/>pect that (as if You knew not, or had for<lb/>gotten what Anatomi&longs;ts are wont to <lb/>teach) I &longs;hould entertain You with a need<lb/>le&longs;s Di&longs;cour&longs;e of the Organs of Re&longs;pira<lb/>tion, and the variety of their Structure in <lb/>&longs;everal Animals; though if it were ne<lb/>ce&longs;&longs;ary, and had not been perform'd by o<lb/>thers, I &longs;hould think, with <emph type="italics"/>Galen,<emph.end type="italics"/> that by <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg56"/><lb/>treating of the Fabricks of living Bodies, <lb/>I might compo&longs;e Hymns to the wi&longs;e Au<lb/>thor of Nature, who, in the excellent con<lb/>trivance of the Lungs, and other parts of <lb/>(tho&longs;e admirable Engines) Animals, ma<lb/>nife&longs;ts him&longs;elf to be indeed what the Elo<lb/>quent Prophet mo&longs;t ju&longs;tly &longs;peaks him, <lb/><emph type="italics"/>Wonderful in Counsel, and excellent in<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg57"/><lb/><emph type="italics"/>working.<emph.end type="italics"/></s>

<s><margin.target id="marg56"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Galen<gap/> de <lb/><gap/>, Part: <lb/><gap/><emph.end type="italics"/> 3.</s>

<s><margin.target id="marg56"/><emph type="italics"/>Galenus de <lb/><gap/>, Part: <lb/>lib. <emph.end type="italics"/> 3.</s>

<s>Nor &longs;hall we any further meddle with <lb/>tho&longs;e Controver&longs;ies &longs;o much agitated a<lb/>mong the Moderns, namely, <emph type="italics"/>Whether the <lb/>motion of the Lungs in Re&longs;piration be their<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="013/01/367.jpg" pagenum="337"/><emph type="italics"/>own, or but con&longs;equent to the motion of the <lb/>Thorax, Diaphragme, and<emph.end type="italics"/> (as &longs;ome Learn<lb/>ed Men would have it) <emph type="italics"/>the Abdomen; And, <lb/>Whence it is that the Air &longs;wells the Lungs <lb/>in In&longs;piration<emph.end type="italics"/> any further then they may <lb/>receive light from our Engine: But that <lb/>it may appear what kinde of &longs;ervice it is <lb/>that may be expected from it on this oc<lb/>ca&longs;ion, we mu&longs;t premi&longs;e a few Words to <lb/>&longs;hew wherein the &longs;trength of the Obje<lb/>ction we are to an&longs;wer, lies. </s>

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<s>For as to the <lb/><emph type="italics"/>Thorax,<emph.end type="italics"/> it &longs;eems evident from what has <lb/>been lately &longs;aid, that it, like a pair of Bel<lb/>lows, happens to be partly fill'd with Air, <lb/>but becau&longs;e it was dilated: But as for the <lb/>Lungs them&longs;elves, who want Fibres to <lb/>di&longs;tend them, they may fitly enough be <lb/>compar'd to a Bladder; &longs;ince they are di<lb/>lated by being fill'd, namely, by that Air <lb/>which ru&longs;hes into them upon the dilatation <lb/>of the Che&longs;t, in who&longs;e increa&longs;ed Cavity <lb/>it findes (as we fre&longs;hly noted) le&longs;s re&longs;i&longs;t-<pb xlink:href="013/01/371.jpg" pagenum="341"/>ance to its Spring then el&longs;ewhere. </s>

<s>And <lb/>this brings into my minde that &longs;trange <lb/>Ob&longs;ervation of <emph type="italics"/>Nicolaus Fontanus,<emph.end type="italics"/> a Phy<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg58"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;itian at <emph type="italics"/>Am&longs;terdam,<emph.end type="italics"/> who te&longs;tifies, That <lb/>in a Boy of the &longs;ame Town, four years <lb/>old, there was found, in&longs;tead of Lungs, a <lb/>certain Membranous Bladder; which be<lb/>ing fill'd with Wind, and furni&longs;h'd with <lb/>little Veins, had its origination from the <lb/>Wind-Pipe it &longs;elf; which being &longs;uppo&longs;'d <lb/>true, how well it will agree with mo&longs;t of <lb/>the Opinions touching Re&longs;piration, I leave <lb/>to be con&longs;idered. </s>

<s>And <lb/>this brings into my minde that &longs;trange <lb/>Ob&longs;ervation of <emph type="italics"/>Nicolaus Fontanus,<emph.end type="italics"/> a Phy<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg58"/><lb/>&longs;itian at <emph type="italics"/>Am&longs;terdam,<emph.end type="italics"/> who te&longs;tifies, That <lb/>in a Boy of the &longs;ame Town, four years <lb/>old, there was found, in&longs;tead of Lungs, a <lb/>certain Membranous Bladder; which be<lb/>ing fill'd with Wind, and furni&longs;h'd with <lb/>little Veins, had its origination from the <lb/>Wind-Pipe it &longs;elf; which being &longs;uppo&longs;'d <lb/>true, how well it will agree with mo&longs;t of <lb/>the Opinions touching Re&longs;piration, I leave <lb/>to be con&longs;idered. </s>

<s><margin.target id="marg58"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Fontan<gap/><lb/>apud<emph.end type="italics"/> <gap/><lb/>tholin<gap/><lb/>cap.

<s><margin.target id="marg58"/><emph type="italics"/>Fontanus ><lb/>apud<emph.end type="italics"/> Bar<lb/>tholin: lib.<lb/>2. cap. 9.</s>

9.</s>

<s>And thus may the grand Objection of <lb/><emph type="italics"/>Bartholine,<emph.end type="italics"/> and others, be an&longs;wered: But <lb/>I leave to Anatomi&longs;ts to con&longs;ider what is <lb/>to be &longs;aid to &longs;ome Ob&longs;ervations that &longs;eem <lb/>to contradict tho&longs;e Anatomical Experi<lb/>ments already mention'd: Such was par<lb/>ticularly that which I remember I have <lb/>read in <emph type="italics"/>Sennertus<emph.end type="italics"/> (from the ob&longs;ervation of <lb/>his Father-in-law <emph type="italics"/>Schato<emph.end type="italics"/>) of a Melancho<lb/>ly Student, who having &longs;tabb'd him&longs;elf, <lb/>and pierced the <emph type="italics"/>Diaphragme<emph.end type="italics"/> in the thinner <lb/>or tendonous part (call'd by many the <lb/>Nervous Circle) lived &longs;even Moneths af<lb/>ter he had &longs;o wounded him&longs;elf, though af<lb/>ter his death (preceded by violent Vomit-<pb xlink:href="013/01/372.jpg" pagenum="342"/>ings) the Wound (perchance dilated by <lb/>tho&longs;e &longs;trainings) appear'd &longs;o great, that <lb/>the whole Stomack was found to have got <lb/>in by it into the left &longs;ide of the <emph type="italics"/>Thorax.<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>And &longs;uch al&longs;o was the accident that hap<lb/>pen'd to a Noble Man, whom I remem<lb/>ber I have &longs;een, and who is yet alive, in <lb/>who&longs;e Che&longs;t there has, for the&longs;e many <lb/>years, remain'd a hole &longs;o great, that the <lb/>motion of his Heart may be perceiv'd by <lb/>it. </s>

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<s>the expul&longs;ion of Excrements <lb/>by Coughing, the conveying in of Odours <lb/>by In&longs;piration, and &longs;ome others, rather <lb/>convenient for the well being of an Ani<lb/>mal, then ab&longs;olutely nece&longs;&longs;ary to his Life: <lb/>Whereas (I &longs;ay) the other u&longs;es are &longs;uch as <lb/>we have &longs;aid, The great <emph type="italics"/>Hippocrates<emph.end type="italics"/> him<lb/>&longs;elf gives this notable Te&longs;timony to the <lb/>u&longs;e of the Air, as to Animals endow'd <lb/>with Lungs, <emph type="italics"/>Mortalibus<emph.end type="italics"/> (&longs;ays he) <emph type="italics"/>hic<emph.end type="italics"/> (&longs;pi<lb/>ritus) <emph type="italics"/>tum vitæ, tum morborum ægrotis cau<lb/>&longs;a e&longs;t. </s>

<s>Tantáque corporibus omnibus &longs;pi<lb/>ritûs ine&longs;t neceßitas, ut &longs;iquidem aliis om<lb/>nibus & cibis & potionibus, quis <gap/>b&longs;tineat, <lb/>duos <expan abbr="tam&etilde;">tamen</expan> aut tres, vel plures dies poßit vi<lb/>tam ducere: At &longs;i quis &longs;piritus in corpus <lb/>vias intercipiat, vel exiguâ diei parte, he<lb/>mini pereundum &longs;it; Adeo nece&longs;&longs;arius e&longs;t <lb/>u&longs;us &longs;piritûs in corpore. </s>

<s>Tantáque corporibus omnibus &longs;pi<lb/>ritûs ine&longs;t neceßitas, ut &longs;iquidem aliis om<lb/>nibus & cibis & potionibus, quis ab&longs;tineat, <lb/>duos <expan abbr="tam&etilde;">tamen</expan> aut tres, vel plures dies poßit vi<lb/>tam ducere: At &longs;i quis &longs;piritus in corpus <lb/>vias intercipiat, vel exiguâ diei parte, ho<lb/>mini pereundum &longs;it; Adeo nece&longs;&longs;arius e&longs;t <lb/>u&longs;us &longs;piritûs in corpore. </s>

<s>Ad hæc quo&queacute;, <lb/>quum omnibus aliis actionibus homines qui<lb/>e&longs;cant, quod mutationibus innumer is vita <lb/>&longs;it expo&longs;ita, ab hâc tamen &longs;olâ actione nun-<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="013/01/377.jpg" pagenum="347"/><emph type="italics"/>quam de&longs;i&longs;tant animantia, quin aut &longs;piritum <lb/>adducant, aut reddant.<emph.end type="italics"/></s>

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</chap> </body>

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