![[BACK]](http://archimedes.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/arch/img/icons/back.gif){kind=icon}
Return to salus_mathe_01_en_1667.xml
CVS log ![[TXT]](http://archimedes.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/arch/img/icons/text.gif){kind=icon}
![[DIR]](http://archimedes.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/arch/img/icons/dir.gif){kind=icon}
Up to [CVSROOT] / texts / archimedes / xmlMain History Search Repository tree
| Return to salus_mathe_01_en_1667.xml
CVS log | Up to [CVSROOT] / texts / archimedes / xml |
| File: [CVSROOT] / texts / archimedes / xml / Attic / salus_mathe_01_en_1667.xml
(download) - view tree Revision 1.14, Thu Aug 8 08:32:07 2002 UTC (10 years, 9 months ago) by bcfuchs Branch: MAIN Changes since 1.13: +10 -10 lines *** empty log message *** |
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE archimedes SYSTEM "../dtd/archimedes.dtd" ><archimedes> <info> <author>Salusbury, Thomas</author> <title>Mathematical Collections and Translations</title> <date>1661</date>
<place>London</place> <translator></translator> <lang>en</lang> <cvs_file>salus_mathe_01_en_1667.xml</cvs_file><cvs_version>1.10</cvs_version><locator>0000000040</locator> </info> <text> <front> </front> <body> <chap> <pb/><p type="head">
<s>MATHEMATICAL <lb/>COLLECTIONS <lb/>AND <lb/>TRANSLATIONS <lb/>IN TWO TOMES <lb/><emph type="italics"/>by<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>THOMAS SALUSBURY <lb/>LONDON, 1661 AND 1665</s></p><p type="head">
<s>IN FACSIMILE <lb/>WITH <lb/>AN ANALYTICAL AND <lb/>BIO-BIBLIOGRAPHICAL <lb/>INTRODUCTION <lb/><emph type="italics"/>by<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>STILLMAN DRAKE</s></p><p type="head">
<s>1967 <lb/>DAWSONS OF PALL MALL <lb/>LONDON</s></p><p type="head">
<s>ZEITLIN & VER BRUGGE <lb/>LOS ANGELES</s></p><pb/><p type="head">
<s>MATHEMATICAL <lb/>Collections <emph type="italics"/>and<emph.end type="italics"/> Tran&longs;lations: <lb/><emph type="italics"/>In two<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>TOMES.</s></p><pb/><p type="head">
<s>MATHEMATICAL <lb/>COLLECTIONS <lb/>AND <lb/>TRANSLATIONS: <lb/>THE FIRST <lb/>TOME. <lb/><emph type="italics"/>IN TWO PARTS.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head">
<s>THE FIRST PART;</s></p><p type="head">
<s>Containing,</s></p><p type="main">
<s><emph type="italics"/>I.<emph.end type="italics"/> GALILEUS GALILEUS <emph type="italics"/>His SYSTEM of the <lb/>WORLD.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s><emph type="italics"/>II.<emph.end type="italics"/> GALILEUS <emph type="italics"/>His EPISTLE to the GRAND <lb/>DUTCHESSE MOTHER, concerning the Au­<lb/>thority of Holy SCRIPTURE in Philo&longs;ophical <lb/>Controver&longs;ies.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s><emph type="italics"/>III.<emph.end type="italics"/> JOHANNES KEPLERUS <emph type="italics"/>His Reconcilings of SCRI­<lb/>PTURE Texts, &c.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s><emph type="italics"/>IV.<emph.end type="italics"/> DIDACUS à STUNICA <emph type="italics"/>His Reconcilings of SCRI­<lb/>PTURE Texts, &c.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s><emph type="italics"/>V.<emph.end type="italics"/> P. A. FOSCARINUS <emph type="italics"/>His Epi&longs;tle to Father FANTONUS, <lb/>reconciling the Authority of SCRIPTURE, and Judg­<lb/>ments of Divines alledged again&longs;t this SYSTEM.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head">
<s>By <emph type="italics"/>THOMAS SALUSBURY, <expan abbr="E&longs;q.">E&longs;que</expan><emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head">
<s>LONDON, <lb/>Printed by WILLIAM LEYBOURN, MDCLXI.</s></p><pb/><p type="head">
<s>MATHEMATICAL <lb/>COLLECTIONS <lb/>AND <lb/>TRANSLATIONS. <lb/>THE FIRST <lb/>TOME.</s></p><p type="head">
<s>THE FIRST PART;</s></p><p type="head">
<s>Containing,</s></p><p type="main">
<s><emph type="italics"/>I.<emph.end type="italics"/> GALILEUS GALILEUS, <emph type="italics"/>His SYSTEME of the <lb/>World.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s><emph type="italics"/>II.<emph.end type="italics"/> GALILEUS, <emph type="italics"/>his EPISTLE to the GRAND <lb/>DUTCHESSE Mother concerning the Authority of <lb/>Sacred SCRIPTURE in Phylo&longs;ophical Controver&longs;ies.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s><emph type="italics"/>III.<emph.end type="italics"/> JOHANNES KEPLERUS, <emph type="italics"/>his Reconcilings of SCRI­<lb/>PTURE Texts, &c.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s><emph type="italics"/>IV.<emph.end type="italics"/> DIDACUS a STUNICA, <emph type="italics"/>his Reconcilings of SCRI­<lb/>PTURE Texts, &c.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s><emph type="italics"/>V.<emph.end type="italics"/> P. A. FOSCARINUS, <emph type="italics"/>his Epi&longs;tle to Father FANTONUS, <lb/>reconciling the Authority of Sacred SCRIPTURE, <lb/>and Judgments of Divines alledged again&longs;t, &c.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head">
<s>By <emph type="italics"/>THOMAS SALUSBURY, <expan abbr="E&longs;q.">E&longs;que</expan><emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head">
<s>LONDON, <lb/>Printed by WILLIAM LEYBOURNE, MDCLXI.</s></p><p type="head">
<s>Cancelled title-page of the original issue, in which the words “IN TWO PARTS” <lb/>were omitted.</s></p><p type="head">
<s><emph type="italics"/>Reproduced by permission of Yale University Library.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><pb/><p type="head">
<s>To the Noble and mo&longs;t perfectly Accompli&longs;hed <lb/>S^{t.} JOHN DENHAM <lb/>Knight of the Noble Order of the <lb/>BATH, <lb/>And Surveyor General of his Ma^{ties} Works, &c.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIR,</s></p><p type="main">
<s>I humbly begge your Pardon for <lb/>bringing this Book under your Pro­<lb/>tection. </s>
<s>Were it a Work of my <lb/>own, or I any thing but the Tran&longs;la­<lb/>tour, I should ma&longs;ter my Thoughts to a meaner <lb/>Dedication; But being a Collection of &longs;ome of <lb/>the greate&longs;t Ma&longs;ters in the World, and never <lb/>made English till now, I conceived I might <lb/>&longs;ooner procure their Welcome to a per&longs;on &longs;o <lb/>eminent for Noble Candor, as well as for all <lb/>tho&longs;e Intellectual Excellencies wherewith <lb/>Your Rich Soulis known to be furnished. </s>
<s>I <lb/>re&longs;olv'd to be as kind to this Book as I could, <pb/>and &longs;eriou&longs;ly con&longs;idering which way to effect <lb/>it, I at la&longs;t concluded to prefix Your Name, <lb/>whom His Maje&longs;ty and all his Subjects, (who <lb/>have a higher Sen&longs;e and Judgement of Excel­<lb/>lent Parts) know be&longs;t able to defend my Im­<lb/>perfections. </s>
<s>And yet I confe&longs;s there's one <lb/>thing makes again&longs;t me, which is your eminent <lb/>Integrity and great Affection to Truth, where­<lb/>by my Lap&longs;esin a Work of this Nature might <lb/>ju&longs;tly de&longs;pair of Shelter, but that the Excel­<lb/>lency of Your Native Candor &longs;trives for Pre­<lb/>dominancy over all Your great Abilities. </s>
<s>For <lb/>'tis all-mo&longs;t impo&longs;&longs;ible to think what Your <lb/>Matchle&longs;s Wit is not able to Conquer, would <lb/>Your known Mode&longs;ty but give leave: there­<lb/>fore <emph type="italics"/>Galileus, Kepler,<emph.end type="italics"/> and tho&longs;e other worthies <lb/>in Learning are now brought before You in <lb/>English Habit, having chang'd their Latine, <lb/>Italian and French, whereby they were almo&longs;t <lb/>Strangers to our Nation, unle&longs;s to &longs;uch as You, <lb/>who &longs;o perfectly ma&longs;ter the Originals. </s>
<s>I know <lb/>you have &longs;o much and great imployment for <lb/>His Maje&longs;ty, and his good Subjects that I shall <lb/>not robb you of another Minutes lo&longs;s; be&longs;ides <lb/>the liberty of &longs;ub&longs;cribing my Self;</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIR,</s></p><p type="main">
<s><emph type="italics"/>Your Honours<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>Mo&longs;t Humble <lb/>and <lb/>Mo&longs;t obedient Servant</s></p><p type="main">
<s>THOMAS SALUSBURY.</s></p><pb/><p type="main">
<s>READER,</s></p><p type="main">
<s>Mathematical Learning <emph type="italics"/>(to &longs;peak nothing touching the nece&longs;sity & delight thereof) hath bin &longs;o &longs;paring­<lb/>ly imparted to our Countrymen in their native Engli&longs;h, e&longs;pecially the nobler and &longs;ublimer part, <lb/>that in Compliance with the<emph.end type="italics"/> Solicitations <emph type="italics"/>of &longs;everal of my noble and learned Friends, and the<emph.end type="italics"/> Incli­<lb/>nations <emph type="italics"/>of &longs;uch as are Mathematically di&longs;po&longs;ed, more e&longs;pecially tho&longs;e, who either want Time or <lb/>Patience to look into the vulgar and un&longs;tudied Languages, I did adventure upon this Work of Collecting & Tran&longs;­<lb/>lating from among&longs;t the excellent Pieces that are &longs;o abounding in the Italian and French Tongues, &longs;ome of tho&longs;e <lb/>that my own ob&longs;ervation and the intimation of Friends were mo&longs;t u&longs;efull and de&longs;ired, and with all mo&longs;t wanting <lb/>in their Own.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s><emph type="italics"/>I was, indeed, at fir&longs;t &longs;eriou&longs;ly Con&longs;cious, and am now, by experience, fully convinced how di&longs;proportionate the <lb/>weight of the Enterprize is to the weakne&longs;s of the Vndertaker, but yet the Pa&longs;sion I ever had to be &longs;ub&longs;ervient to <lb/>my Friends and Compatriots in their Inqui&longs;ition after the&longs;e Sublime Studies, and a Patience which I owe to the <lb/>Flegme that is predominant in my Con&longs;titution, joyned with a nine-years conver&longs;ence in the&longs;e Languages, as al&longs;o an <lb/>unhappy and long Vacation that the per&longs;ecutions of the late Tyrants gave me from more advantagious employ­<lb/>ments &longs;o prevailed with me, that I re&longs;olved to improve even my very Confinement to &longs;erve tho&longs;e Friends, whom, as <lb/>the Times then &longs;tood, I could not &longs;ee.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s><emph type="italics"/>The Book being for Subject and De&longs;ign intended chiefly for Gentlemen, I have hin as carele&longs;s of u&longs;ing a &longs;tudied <lb/>Pedantry in my Style; as careful in contriving a plea&longs;ant and beautiful Impre&longs;&longs;ion. </s>
<s>And when I had con&longs;idered <lb/>the hazard, and computed the charge of the undertaking, I found it to exceed the ability of a private Pur&longs;e, e&longs;pe­<lb/>cially of mine, that had bin &longs;o lately emptied by the hand of violent enemies, and perfidious friends; not to <lb/>make mention here of the Sums that a Loyal Reflexion upon my Princes Affairs had at the &longs;ame time drawn <lb/>from me; and judg'd that the most &longs;afe, ea&longs;y, and rea&longs;onable way was to invite tho&longs;e Per&longs;ons who had appeared <lb/>de&longs;irous of the Book, to be contributary to their own Contentment, by &longs;ub&longs;cribing towards the charge of this Pu­<lb/>blication.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s><emph type="italics"/>And for the better management of the Work, I joyned to my &longs;elf a Printer, who&longs;e Genius having rendered <lb/>him Mathematical, and my overtures of profit having intere&longs;&longs;ed his diligence, I was induced to promi&longs;e my &longs;elf a <lb/>more than common A&longs;&longs;i&longs;tance from him: and at his door I with rea&longs;on lay all mi&longs;carriages that concerns his <lb/>Profe&longs;&longs;ion in the Bu&longs;ine&longs;s.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s><emph type="italics"/>In this Work I found more than ordinary Encouragement from that publick &longs;pirited Per&longs;on the Reverend and <lb/>Learned Dr.<emph.end type="italics"/> Thomas Barlow, <emph type="italics"/>Provo&longs;t of Queens Colledge Oxford, and<emph.end type="italics"/> Margaret <emph type="italics"/>Profe&longs;&longs;or in that Vniver­<lb/>&longs;ity, as al&longs;o from tho&longs;e two able Mathematicians and my Reall Friends Major<emph.end type="italics"/> Miles Symner, <emph type="italics"/>and Mr.<emph.end type="italics"/> Robert <lb/>Wood <emph type="italics"/>of Trinity Colledge<emph.end type="italics"/> Dublin, <emph type="italics"/>and &longs;ome few others who&longs;e Mode&longs;ty hath expre&longs;ly enjoin'd me a concealment <lb/>of their Names.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s><emph type="italics"/>Well, at length I have got to the end of my fir&longs;t Stage; and if I have not rid Po&longs;t, let my excu&longs;e be that my long <lb/>&longs;tay for my Warrant cau&longs;ed me to &longs;et out late; and being ill mounted, and in a road full of rubbs, I could not with <lb/>any &longs;afety go fa&longs;ter; but hope to get it up in the next Stage, for in that I intend to &longs;hift my Hor&longs;es.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s><emph type="italics"/>The names of tho&longs;e Authors and Treatices which I judged would mo&longs;t grace our Language, and gratify Stu­<lb/>dents, are particularly expre&longs;t in the General Title of the two Tomes. </s>
<s>Di&longs;tinct Tomes they are as con&longs;i&longs;ting of <lb/>&longs;everat Pieces: Collections I call them, becau&longs;e they have bin &longs;o publi&longs;hed, di&longs;per&longs;t, and worn out of Print, that <lb/>they very rarely meet in one hand: and Tran&longs;lations I own them to be, as not pretending to any thing more than <lb/>the di&longs;po&longs;ure and conver&longs;ion of them: tho&longs;e Tracts only excepted which compo&longs;e the &longs;econd Part of the &longs;econd <lb/>Tome.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s><emph type="italics"/>The fir&longs;t Book which offers it &longs;elf to your view in this Tome is that &longs;ingular and unimitable Piece of Rea&longs;on <lb/>and Demon&longs;tration the Sy&longs;teme of<emph.end type="italics"/> Galilco. <emph type="italics"/>The &longs;ubject of it is a new and Noble port of A&longs;tronomy, to wit the <lb/>Doctrine and Hypothe&longs;is of the Mobility of the carth and the Stability of the Sun; the Hi&longs;tory whereof I &longs;hall <lb/>hereafter give you at large in the Life of that famous Man. </s>
<s>Only this by the by; that the Reader may not wonder <lb/>why the&longs;e Dialogues found &longs;o various entertainment in Italy (for he cannot but have heard that though they have <lb/>been with all veneration valued, read & applauded by the Iudicious yet they were with much dete&longs;tation per&longs;ecuted, <lb/>&longs;uppre&longs;&longs;ed & exploded by the Super&longs;titious) I am to tell him that our Author having a&longs;&longs;igned his intimate Friends<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>Salviati <emph type="italics"/>and<emph.end type="italics"/> Sagredo <emph type="italics"/>the more &longs;ucceßfull Parts of the Challenger, and Moderater, he made the famous Commen­<lb/>tator<emph.end type="italics"/> Simplicius <emph type="italics"/>to per&longs;onate the Peripatetick. </s>
<s>The Book coming out, and Pope<emph.end type="italics"/> Urban <emph type="italics"/>the<emph.end type="italics"/> VIII. <emph type="italics"/>taking his Ho­<lb/>nour to be concern'd as having in his private Capacity bin very po&longs;itive in declaiming against the Samian Philo­<lb/>&longs;ophy, and now (as he &longs;uppo&longs;ed) being ill delt with by<emph.end type="italics"/> Galilco <emph type="italics"/>who had &longs;ummed up all his Arguments, and pur <lb/>them into the mouth of<emph.end type="italics"/> Simplicius; <emph type="italics"/>his Holine&longs;s thereupon conceived an implacable Di&longs;plea&longs;ure against our Au­<lb/>thor, and thinking no other revenge &longs;ufficient, he employed his Apo&longs;tolical Authority, and deals with the Con&longs;i&longs;tory <lb/>to condemn him and pro&longs;cribe his Book as Heretical; pro&longs;tituting the Cen&longs;ure of the Church to his private revenge. <lb/></s>
<s>This was<emph.end type="italics"/> Galilco's <emph type="italics"/>fortune in<emph.end type="italics"/> Italy: <emph type="italics"/>but had I not rea&longs;on to hope that the Engli&longs;h will be more ho&longs;pitable, on the <lb/>account of that Principle which induceth them to be civil to (I &longs;ay not to dote on) Strangers, I &longs;hould fear to be <lb/>charged with imprudence for appearing an Interpreter to that great Philo&longs;opher. </s>
<s>And in this confidence I &longs;hall <lb/>forbear to make any large Exordium concerning him or his Book: & the rather in regard that &longs;uch kind of Gau­<lb/>deries become not the Gravity of the Subject; as al&longs;o knowing how much (coming from me) they must fall &longs;hort of <lb/>the Merits of it, or him: but principally becau&longs;e I court only per&longs;ons of Judgement & Candor, that can di&longs;tingui&longs;h <lb/>between a Native Beauty, and &longs;purious Verni&longs;h. </s>
<s>This only let me premi&longs;e, though more to excu&longs;e my weakne&longs;s in <lb/>the menaging, than to in&longs;inuate my ability in accompli&longs;hing this &longs;o arduous a Task, that the&longs;e profound Dialogues <lb/>have bin found &longs;o unea&longs;y to Tran&longs;late, that neither affectation of Novelty could induce the French, nor the <lb/>Tran&longs;lating humour per&longs;wade the Germans to undertake them. </s>
<s>This difficulty, as I conceived, was charged either <lb/>upon the Intricacy of this manner of Writing, or upon the &longs;ingular Elegance in the &longs;tile of<emph.end type="italics"/> Galilco, <emph type="italics"/>or el&longs;e upon the<emph.end type="italics"/><pb/><emph type="italics"/>mi&longs;carriage of the unfortunate<emph.end type="italics"/> Mathias Berneggeius <emph type="italics"/>who fir&longs;t attempted to turn them into Latine for the benefit <lb/>of the Learned World.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s><emph type="italics"/>I &longs;hall not pre&longs;ume to Cen&longs;ure the Cen&longs;ure which the Church of Rome pa&longs;t upon this Doctrine and its A&longs;&longs;ectors. <lb/></s>
<s>But, on the contrary, my Author having bin indefinite in his di&longs;cour&longs;e, I &longs;hall forbear to exa&longs;perate, and attempt <lb/>to reconcile &longs;uch per&longs;ons to this Hypothe&longs;is as devout e&longs;teem for Holy Scripture, and dutifull Re&longs;pect to Canonical <lb/>Injunctions hath made to &longs;tand off from this Opinion: and therefore for their &longs;akes I have at the end of the Dia­<lb/>logues by way of &longs;upplement added an Epi&longs;tle of<emph.end type="italics"/> Galilco <emph type="italics"/>to Her Most Serene Highne&longs;s<emph.end type="italics"/> Chri&longs;tina Lotharinga <emph type="italics"/>the <lb/>Grand Dutche&longs;&longs;e Mother of<emph.end type="italics"/> Tu&longs;cany; <emph type="italics"/>as al&longs;o certain Ab&longs;tracts of<emph.end type="italics"/> John Kepler, <emph type="italics"/>Mathematician to two Empe­<lb/>rours, and<emph.end type="italics"/> Didacus à Stunica <emph type="italics"/>a famous Divine of Salam<gap/>nca, with an Epi&longs;tle of<emph.end type="italics"/> Paulo Antonio Fo&longs;carini <emph type="italics"/>a learn­<lb/>ed Carmelite of Naples, that &longs;hew the Authority of Sacred Scripture in determining of Philo&longs;ophical and Natu­<lb/>ral Controver&longs;ies: hoping that the ingenious & impartial Reader will meet with full &longs;atisfaction in the &longs;ame. <lb/></s>
<s>And lea&longs;t what I have &longs;poken of the prohibiting of the&longs;e Pieces by the Inqui&longs;ition may deterre any &longs;crupulous <lb/>per&longs;on from reading of them, I have purpo&longs;ely in&longs;erted the Imprimatur by which that Office licenced them. </s>
<s>And <lb/>for a larger account of the Book or Author, I refer you to the Relation of his Life, which &longs;hall bring up the Reare <lb/>in the Second Tome.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s><emph type="italics"/>What remains of this, is that Excellent Di&longs;cour&longs;e of D.<emph.end type="italics"/> Benedetto Ca&longs;telli Abbate di San Benedetto Aloy&longs;io, <lb/><emph type="italics"/>concerning the Men&longs;uration of Running waters, with other Treati&longs;es of that Learned Prelate, & of the Superin­<lb/>tendent<emph.end type="italics"/> Cor&longs;ini. <emph type="italics"/>Some may alledge, and I doe confe&longs;s that I promi&longs;ed to publi&longs;h the Life of<emph.end type="italics"/> Galilco <emph type="italics"/>in this place: <lb/>But the great mi&longs;carriages of Letters from &longs;ome Friends in Italy and el&longs;e where, to whom I am a Debtor for &longs;e­<lb/>veral Remarques, & from whom I daily expect yet greater Helps concerning the Hi&longs;tory of that famous Per&longs;onage: <lb/>the&longs;e di&longs;appointments, I &longs;ay, joyned with the undeniable Reque&longs;t of &longs;ome Friends, who were impatient to &longs;ee<emph.end type="italics"/> Ca&longs;telli <lb/><emph type="italics"/>in Engli&longs;h, together with a con&longs;ideration of the di&longs;proportionate Bulk that would otherwi&longs;e have bin betwixt the <lb/>two Volumes, per&longs;waded me to this exchange. </s>
<s>This deviation from my Promi&longs;e I hope is Venial, and for the ex­<lb/>plating of it I plead Supererrogation: having in each Tome made &longs;o large Aditions (though to my great ex­<lb/>pen&longs;e) that they make <gap/>er a third part more than I &longs;tood by promi&longs;e bound to Publi&longs;h. </s>
<s>That this is &longs;o will appearby <lb/>comparing the Contents I here prefix with the Adverti&longs;ment I formerly Printed. </s>
<s>For not to mention tho&longs;e Epitomes <lb/>of<emph.end type="italics"/> Kepler <emph type="italics"/>and<emph.end type="italics"/> à Stunica, <emph type="italics"/>the whole &longs;econd and following Books of<emph.end type="italics"/> Ca&longs;tclli, <emph type="italics"/>were not come to my hands at the time of <lb/>my penning that Paper; yet knowing how imperfect the Volume would be without them, they being partly a &longs;up­<lb/>plement to the Theoremes and Problemes which the Abbot had formerly Printed, and partly experiments that <lb/>had procured him and his Doctrine a very great Reputation, knowing this I &longs;ay, I apprehended a nece&longs;&longs;ity of pu­<lb/>bli&longs;hing them with the re&longs;t: and hope that if you think not the &longs;ervice I have done therein worth your acknowledge­<lb/>ment, you will yet at lea&longs;t account the encrea&longs;e of my expence a &longs;ufficient extenuation of the Tre&longs;pa&longs;s that tho&longs;e <lb/>Additions have forced me to commit upon your Patience in point of Time.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s><emph type="italics"/>As for the &longs;econd Tome, I have only this to a&longs;&longs;ure the Generous Readers; 1 that I am very confident I &longs;hall <lb/>be much more punctual in publi&longs;hing that, than (for the rea&longs;ons above related.) I was able to be in &longs;etting forth <lb/>this: 2 that they &longs;hall not be abu&longs;ed in advancing of their moneys, (as hath bin u&longs;ed in the like ca&longs;e) by &longs;elling <lb/>the remaining Copyes at an under rate; and <gap/> that I have a very great care that no di&longs;e&longs;teem may by my means a­<lb/>ri&longs;e unto this way of publi&longs;hing Books, for that it is of excellent u&longs;e in u&longs;hering Great and Co&longs;tly Volumes into <lb/>the World.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s><emph type="italics"/>To &longs;ay nothing of the di&longs;advantages of Tran&longs;lations in general, this of mine doubtle&longs;s is not without it's Er­<lb/>rours, and over&longs;ights: but tho&longs;e of the Printer di&longs;counted, I hope the re&longs;t may be allowed me upon the &longs;core of<emph.end type="italics"/> Hu­<lb/>man Imbecilitic. <emph type="italics"/>The truth is, I have a&longs;&longs;umed the Liberty to note the Mi&longs;takes in the Florid Ver&longs;ion of<emph.end type="italics"/> Bernegge­<lb/>rus <emph type="italics"/>in the Margent, not &longs;o much to reproach him, as to convince tho&longs;e who told me that they accounted my pains <lb/>needle&longs;s, having his Latine Tran&longs;lation by them. </s>
<s>The like they &longs;aid of the whole two Tomes: but they thereby cau&longs;ed <lb/>me to question their Under&longs;tanding or Veracity. </s>
<s>For &longs;ome of the Books were yet never extant: As for in&longs;tance; <lb/>the Mcchanicks of Mon&longs;ieur<emph.end type="italics"/> Des Cartes, <emph type="italics"/>a Manu&longs;cript which I found among&longs;t the many other Rarities that en­<lb/>rich the well-cho&longs;en Library of my Learned and Worthy Friend Dr.<emph.end type="italics"/> Charles Scarburgh; <emph type="italics"/>the Experiments of Gra­<lb/>vity, and the Life of<emph.end type="italics"/> Galileo, <emph type="italics"/>both my own: Others were included in Volumes of great price, or &longs;o di&longs;per&longs;ed that <lb/>they were not to be purcha&longs;ed for any money; as tho&longs;e of<emph.end type="italics"/> Kepler, à Stunica, Archimedes, Tartaglia, <emph type="italics"/>and the Mecha­<lb/>nicks of<emph.end type="italics"/> Galileo: <emph type="italics"/>And the remainder, though ea&longs;yer to procure, were harder to be under&longs;tood; as<emph.end type="italics"/> Tartaglia <emph type="italics"/>his notes <lb/>on<emph.end type="italics"/> Archimedes, Torricellio <emph type="italics"/>his Doctrine of Projects,<emph.end type="italics"/> Galileo <emph type="italics"/>his Epi&longs;tle to the Dutche&longs;&longs;e of<emph.end type="italics"/> Tu&longs;cany, <emph type="italics"/>and above all <lb/>his Dialogues<emph.end type="italics"/> de Motu; <emph type="italics"/>(never till now done into any Language) which were &longs;o intermixt of Latine and Italian, <lb/>that the difficulty of the Stile, joyned with the intricatne&longs;&longs;e of the Subject rendered them Unplea&longs;ant, if not wholly <lb/>Vnintelligible, to &longs;uch as were not ab&longs;olute Ma&longs;ters of both the Tongues.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s><emph type="italics"/>To conclude; according to the entertainment that you plea&longs;e to afford the&longs;e Collections, I &longs;hall be encouraged to <lb/>proceed with the Publication of a large Body of Hydrography; declaring the Hi&longs;tory, Art, Lawes, and Apendages <lb/>of that Princely Study of Navigation, wherein I have omitted nothing of note that can be found either in<emph.end type="italics"/> Dud­<lb/>ley, Fournier, Aurigarius, Nonius, Snellus, Mar&longs;ennus, Bay&longs;ius, Mori&longs;etu<gap/> Blondus, Wagoner, <emph type="italics"/>abroad, or learnt <lb/>amongst our Mariners at home, touching the Office of an Admiral, Commander, Pilot, Modelli&longs;t, Shipwright, <lb/>Gunner, &c.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s><emph type="italics"/>But order requiring that I &longs;hould di&longs;charge my fir&longs;t Obligation before I contract a &longs;econd; I &longs;hall detein you no <lb/>longer in the Portall, but put you into po&longs;&longs;e&longs;&longs;ion of the Premi&longs;es,<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>Novemb. </s>
<s>20, 1661.</s></p><p type="main">
<s><emph type="italics"/>T. S.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><pb/><p type="head">
<s>The CONTENTS of the FIRST <lb/>TOME.</s></p><p type="head">
<s>PART THE FIRST.</s></p><p type="main">
<s><arrow.to.target n="marg1"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg1"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Treati&longs;e<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>I. GALILEUS GALILEUS, his SYSIEME of the WORLD: in Four DIALOGUES.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>II. HIS EPISTLE to her SERENE HIGHNESSE CHRISTIANA LOTHERINGA <lb/>GRAND DUTCHESSE of TUSCANY, touching the Ancient and Modern <lb/>DOCTRINE of HOLY FATHERS, and JUDICIOUS DIVINES, concerning <lb/>the AUTHORITY of SACRED SCRIPTURE in PHYLOSOPHICAL <lb/>CONTROVERSIES.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>III. JOHANNES KEPLERUS, his RECONCILINGS of TEXTS of SACRED <lb/>SCRIPTURE that &longs;eem to oppo&longs;e the DOCTRINE of the EARTHS MOBILI­<lb/>TY: ab&longs;tracted from his INTRODUCTION unto his LEARNED COMMEN­<lb/>TARIES upon the PLANET MARS.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>IV. DIDACUS A STUNICA, a learned SPANISH DIVINE, his RECONCILINGS of <lb/>the &longs;aid DOCTRINE with the TEXTS of SACRED SCRIPTURE; ab&longs;tracted <lb/>from his COMMENTARIE upon JOB.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>V. PAULUS ANTONIUS FOSCARINUS, a CARMELITE, his EPISTLE to <lb/>SEBASTIANUS FANTONUS, the GENERAL of his ORDER, concerning <lb/>the PYTHAGOREAN and COPERNICAN OPINION of the MOBILITY OF <lb/>THE EARTH, and STABILITY OF THE SUN; and of the NEW SYSTEME <lb/>or CONSTITUTION of the WORLD: in which he reconcileth the TEXTS <lb/>OF SACRED SCRIPTURE, and ASSERTIONS of DIVINES, commonly <lb/>alledged against this OPINION.</s></p><p type="main">
<s><emph type="italics"/>A<emph.end type="italics"/> Table <emph type="italics"/>of the most ob&longs;ervable<emph.end type="italics"/> Per&longs;ons <emph type="italics"/>and<emph.end type="italics"/> Matters <emph type="italics"/>mentioned in the<emph.end type="italics"/> Fir&longs;t Part.</s></p><p type="head">
<s>PART THE SECOND.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>I. D. BENEDICTUS CASTELLUS, ABBOT OF S. BENEDICTUS ALOYSIUS, his <lb/>DISCOURSE of the MENSURATION OF RUNNING WATERS: The Fir&longs;t <lb/>BOOK.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>II. HIS LETTER to GALILEUS, repre&longs;enting the &longs;tate of the Lake of PERUGIA in <lb/>TUSCANY.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>III. HIS GEOMETRICAL DEMONSTRATIONS of the MEASURE of RUNNING <lb/>WATERS.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>IV. HIS DISCOURSE of the MENSURATION OF RUNNING WATERS: The Second <lb/>BOOK.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>V.<gap/> HIS CONSIDERATIONS concerning the LAKE OF VENICE. </s>
<s>In two DISCOURSES.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>VI. HIS RULE for computing the quantity of MUD and SAND that LAND-FLOODS bring <lb/>down to, and leave in the LAKE of VENICE.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>VII. HIS LETTER to Father FRANCESCO DI S. GIVSEPPE, wherein, at the in&longs;tance <lb/>of PRINCE LEOPALDO, he delivereth his judgment concerning the turning <lb/>FIUME MORTO (a River near PISA in TUSCANY) into the SEA, and into <lb/>the River SERCHIO.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>VIII. HIS &longs;econd LETTER in anfwer to certain OBJECTIONS propo&longs;ed, and DIFFICUL­<lb/>TIES ob&longs;erved by SIGNORE BARTOLOTTI, in that affair of the <lb/>DIVERSION of FIUME MORTO.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>IX. HIS CONSIDERATION upon the DRAINING of the PONTINE FENNS in CALA­<lb/>BRIA.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>X. HIS CONSIDERATION upon the DRAINING of the TERRITORIES of BOLOG­<lb/>NA, FERRARA, and ROMAGNA.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>XI. HIS LETTER to D. FERRANTE CESARINI, applying his DOCTRINE to the <lb/>MENSURATION of the LENGTH, and DISTRIBUTION of the QUANTITY <lb/>of the WATERS of RIVERS, SPRINGS, AQUEDUCTS, &c.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>XII. D. CORSINUS, SUPERINTENDENT of the GENERAL DRAINS and PRESIDENT <lb/>of ROMAGNA, his RELATION of the &longs;tate of the WATERS in the <lb/>TERRITORIES of BOLOGNA and FERRARA.</s></p><p type="main">
<s><emph type="italics"/>A<emph.end type="italics"/> Table <emph type="italics"/>of the mo&longs;t ob&longs;ervable<emph.end type="italics"/> Per&longs;ons <emph type="italics"/>and<emph.end type="italics"/> Matters <emph type="italics"/>mentioned in the<emph.end type="italics"/> Second Part.</s></p><pb/><p type="head">
<s>The CONTENTS of the SECOND <lb/>TOME,</s></p><p type="head">
<s>PART THE FIRST.</s></p><p type="main">
<s><arrow.to.target n="marg2"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg2"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Treati&longs;e<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>I. GALILEUS GALILEUS, his MATHEMATICAL DISCOURSES and DEMON­<lb/>STRATIOMS touching two NEVV SCIENCES, pertaining to the MECHA­<lb/>NICKS, and LOCAL MOTION: with an APPENDIX of the CENTRE of <lb/>GRAVITY of &longs;ome SOLIDS in Four DIALOGUES.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>II. HIS MECHANICKS; a New PEICE.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>III. RHENATUS DES CARTES, his MECHANICKS; tran&longs;lated from his FRENCM <lb/>MANUSCRIPT; a New PEICE.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>IV. ARCHIMEDES, his Tract DE INSIDENTIBUS HUMIDO; with the NOTES and <lb/>DEMONSTRASIONS of NICOLAUS TARTALEUS, in Two BOOKS.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>V. GALILEUS his DISCOURSE of the things that move in or upon the WATER.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>VI. NICOLAUS TARTALEUS his INVENTIONS for DIVING UNDER WATER, <lb/>RAISING OF SHIPS SUNK, &c. </s>
<s>in Two BOOKS.</s></p><p type="head">
<s>PART THE SECOND.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>I. EVANGELISTA TORRICELLIUS, his DOCTRINE OF PROJECTS, and TABLES <lb/>of the RANGES of GREAT GUNNS of all &longs;orts; wherein he detects &longs;undry <lb/>ERRORS in GUNNERY: An EPITOME.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>II T. S. his EXPERIMENTS of the COMPARATIVE GRAVITY OF BODI<gap/>S in the <lb/>AIRE and WATER.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>III. GALILEUS GALILEUS, his LIFE: in Five BOOKS,</s></p><p type="main">
<s>BOOK I. </s>
<s>Containing Five Chapters.</s></p><p type="main">
<s><emph type="italics"/>Chap.<emph.end type="italics"/> 1. His Country.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>2. His Parents and Extraction.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>3. His time of Birth.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>4. His fir&longs;t Education.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>5. His Ma&longs;ters.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>II. </s>
<s>Containing Three Chapters.</s></p><p type="main">
<s><emph type="italics"/>Chap.<emph.end type="italics"/> 1. His judgment in &longs;everal Learnings.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>2. His Opinions and Doctrine.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>3. His Auditors and Scholars.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>III. </s>
<s>Containing Four Chapters.</s></p><p type="main">
<s><emph type="italics"/>Chap.<emph.end type="italics"/> 1. His behaviour in Civil Affairs.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>2. His manner of Living.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>3. His morall Virtues.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>4. His misfortunes and troubles.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>IV. </s>
<s>Containing Four Chapters.</s></p><p type="main">
<s><emph type="italics"/>Chap.<emph.end type="italics"/> 1. His per&longs;on de&longs;cribed.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>2. His Will and Death.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>3. His Inventions.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>4. His Writings.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>5. His Dialogues of the Sy&longs;teme in particular, containing <emph type="italics"/>Nine Sections.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s><emph type="italics"/>Section<emph.end type="italics"/> 1. Of A&longs;tronomy in General; its Definition, Prai&longs;e, Original.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>2. Of A&longs;tronomers: a Chronological Catalogue of the <lb/>mo&longs;t famous of them.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>3. Of the Doctrine of the Earths Mobility, <emph type="italics"/>&c.<emph.end type="italics"/> its Antiquity, <lb/>and Progre&longs;&longs;e from <emph type="italics"/>Pythagoras<emph.end type="italics"/> to the time of <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>4. Of the Followers of <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus,<emph.end type="italics"/> unto the time of <emph type="italics"/>Galileus.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>5. Of the &longs;everall Sy&longs;temes among&longs;t A&longs;tronomers.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>6. Of the Allegations again&longs;t the <emph type="italics"/>Copern.<emph.end type="italics"/> Sy&longs;teme, in 77 <lb/>Arguments taken out of <emph type="italics"/>Ricciolo,<emph.end type="italics"/> with An&longs;wers to them.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>7. Of the Allegations for the <emph type="italics"/>Copern.<emph.end type="italics"/> Sy&longs;teme in so Arguments.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>8. Of the Scriptures Authorities produced again&longs;t and for the <lb/>Earths mobility.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>9. The Conclu&longs;ion of the whole Chapter.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>V. </s>
<s>Containing Four Chapters.</s></p><p type="main">
<s><emph type="italics"/>Chap.<emph.end type="italics"/> 1. His Patrons, Friends, and Emulators.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>2. Authors judgments of him.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>3. Authors that have writ for, or again&longs;t him.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>4. A Conclu&longs;ion in certain Reflections upon his whole Life.</s></p><p type="main">
<s><emph type="italics"/>A<emph.end type="italics"/> Table <emph type="italics"/>of the whole<emph.end type="italics"/> Second TOME.</s></p><pb/><p type="head">
<s>THE <lb/>SYSTEME <lb/>OF THE <lb/>WORLD: <lb/>IN FOUR <lb/>DIALOGUES. <lb/></s>
<s>Wherein the Two <lb/>GRAND SYSTEMES</s></p><p type="head">
<s>Of <emph type="italics"/>PTOLOMY<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>COPERNICUS<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>are largely di&longs;cour&longs;ed of:</s></p><p type="head">
<s>And the <emph type="italics"/>REASONS,<emph.end type="italics"/> both <emph type="italics"/>Phylo&longs;ophical<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Phy&longs;ical,<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>as well on the one &longs;ide as the other, <emph type="italics"/>impartially<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>and <emph type="italics"/>indefinitely<emph.end type="italics"/> propounded:</s></p><p type="head">
<s>By <emph type="italics"/>GALILEUS GALILEUS LINCEUS,<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>A <emph type="italics"/>Gentleman<emph.end type="italics"/> of <emph type="italics"/>FLORENCE:<emph.end type="italics"/> Extraordinary <emph type="italics"/>Profe&longs;&longs;or<emph.end type="italics"/> of <lb/>the <emph type="italics"/>Mathematicks<emph.end type="italics"/> in the UNIVERSITY of <emph type="italics"/>PISA<emph.end type="italics"/>; and <lb/>Chief <emph type="italics"/>Mathematician<emph.end type="italics"/> to the GRAND DUKE of <emph type="italics"/>TVSCANY.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head">
<s><emph type="italics"/>Ingli&longs;bed from the<emph.end type="italics"/> Original <emph type="italics"/>Italián<emph.end type="italics"/> Copy, <emph type="italics"/>by<emph.end type="italics"/> THOMAS SALUSBURY.</s></p><p type="head">
<s>ALCINOUS, <lb/><foreign lang="greek">*dei_ d) e)leuge/rion e<gap/>ai th_| gnwmh_| r\n me/llonta filosofei_n.</foreign></s></p><p type="head">
<s>SENECA, <lb/><emph type="italics"/>Inter nullos magis quam inter PHILOSOPHOS e&longs;&longs;e debet aqua LIBERTAS.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head">
<s><emph type="italics"/>LONDON,<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>Printed by WILLIAM LEYBOURNE. MDCLXI.</s></p><pb/><p type="head">
<s>THE <lb/>SYSTEME <lb/>OF THE <lb/>WORLD: <lb/>IN FOUR <lb/>DIALOGUES. <lb/></s>
<s>Wherein the Two <lb/>GRAND SYSTEMES</s></p><p type="head">
<s>Of <emph type="italics"/>PTOLOMY<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>COPERNICUS<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>are largely di&longs;cour&longs;ed of:</s></p><p type="head">
<s>And the <emph type="italics"/>REASONS,<emph.end type="italics"/> both <emph type="italics"/>Phylo&longs;ophical<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Phy&longs;ical,<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>as well on the one &longs;ide as the other, <emph type="italics"/>impartially<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>and <emph type="italics"/>indefinitely<emph.end type="italics"/> propounded:</s></p><p type="head">
<s>By <emph type="italics"/>GALILEUS GALILEUS LINCEUS,<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>A <emph type="italics"/>Gentleman<emph.end type="italics"/> of <emph type="italics"/>FLORENCE:<emph.end type="italics"/> Extraordinary <emph type="italics"/>Profe&longs;&longs;or<emph.end type="italics"/> of <lb/>the <emph type="italics"/>Mathematicks<emph.end type="italics"/> in the UNIVERSITY of <emph type="italics"/>PISA<emph.end type="italics"/>; and <lb/>Chief <emph type="italics"/>Mathematician<emph.end type="italics"/> to the GRAND DUKE of <emph type="italics"/>TVSCANY.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head">
<s><emph type="italics"/>Ingli&longs;bed from the<emph.end type="italics"/> Original <emph type="italics"/>Italián<emph.end type="italics"/> Copy, <emph type="italics"/>by<emph.end type="italics"/> THOMAS SALUSBURY.</s></p><p type="head">
<s>ALCINOUS, <lb/><foreign lang="greek">*dei_ d) e)leuge/rion e<gap/>ai th_| gnwmh_| r\n me/llonta filosofei_n.</foreign></s></p><p type="head">
<s>SENECA, <lb/><emph type="italics"/>Inter nullos magis quam inter PHILOSOPHOS e&longs;&longs;e debet aqua LIBERTAS.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head">
<s><emph type="italics"/>LONDON,<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>Printed by WILLIAM LEYBOURNE. MDCLXI.</s></p><pb/><p type="head">
<s>THE <lb/>SYSTEME <lb/>OF THE <lb/>WORLD: <lb/>IN FOUR <lb/>DIALOGUES. <lb/></s>
<s>Wherein the Two <lb/>GRAND SYSTEMES</s></p><p type="head">
<s>Of <emph type="italics"/>PTOLOMY<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>COPERNICUS<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>are largely di&longs;cour&longs;ed of:</s></p><p type="head">
<s>And the <emph type="italics"/>REASONS,<emph.end type="italics"/> both <emph type="italics"/>Phylo&longs;ophical<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Phy&longs;ical,<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>as well on the one &longs;ide as the other, <emph type="italics"/>impartially<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>and <emph type="italics"/>indefinitely<emph.end type="italics"/> propounded:</s></p><p type="head">
<s>By <emph type="italics"/>GALILEUS GALILEUS LINCEUS,<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>A <emph type="italics"/>Gentleman<emph.end type="italics"/> of <emph type="italics"/>FLORENCE:<emph.end type="italics"/> Extraordinary <emph type="italics"/>Profe&longs;&longs;or<emph.end type="italics"/> of <lb/>the <emph type="italics"/>Mathematicks<emph.end type="italics"/> in the UNIVERSITY of <emph type="italics"/>PISA<emph.end type="italics"/>; and <lb/>Chief <emph type="italics"/>Mathematician<emph.end type="italics"/> to the GRAND DUKE of <emph type="italics"/>TVSCANY.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head">
<s><emph type="italics"/>Ingli&longs;bed from the<emph.end type="italics"/> Original <emph type="italics"/>Italián<emph.end type="italics"/> Copy, <emph type="italics"/>by<emph.end type="italics"/> THOMAS SALUSBURY.</s></p><p type="head">
<s>ALCINOUS, <lb/><foreign lang="greek">*dei_ d) e)leuge/rion e<gap/>ai th_| gnwmh_| r\n me/llonta filosofei_n.</foreign></s></p><p type="head">
<s>SENECA, <lb/><emph type="italics"/>Inter nullos magis quam inter PHILOSOPHOS e&longs;&longs;e debet aqua LIBERTAS.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head">
<s><emph type="italics"/>LONDON,<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>Printed by WILLIAM LEYBOURNE. MDCLXI.</s></p><pb/><p type="head">
<s>To the mo&longs;t Serene Grand DUKE <lb/>OF <lb/>TUSCANY.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>Though the difference between Men and other <lb/>living Creatures be very great, yet happly he that <lb/>&longs;hould &longs;ay that he could &longs;hew little le&longs;s between <lb/>Man and Man would not &longs;peak more than he <lb/>might prove. </s>
<s>What proportion doth one bear to <lb/>athou&longs;and? </s>
<s>and yet it is a common Proverb, <emph type="italics"/>One Man is <lb/>worth athou&longs;and, when as a thou&longs;and are not worth one.<emph.end type="italics"/> This difference <lb/>hath dependence upon the different abilities of their Intelle­<lb/>ctuals; which I reduce to the being, or not being a Philo&longs;o­<lb/>pher; in regard that Philo&longs;ophy as being the proper food of <lb/>&longs;uch as live by it, di&longs;tingui&longs;heth a Man from the common E&longs;­<lb/>&longs;ence of the Vulgar in a more or le&longs;s honourable degree accord­<lb/>ing to the variety of that diet. </s>
<s>In this &longs;ence he that hath the <lb/>highe&longs;t looks, is of highe&longs;t quality; and the turning over of <lb/>the great Volume of Nature, which is the proper Object of <lb/>Philo&longs;ophy is the way to make one look high: in which Book, <lb/>although what&longs;oever we read, as being the Work of Al­<lb/>mighty God, is therefore mo&longs;t proportionate; yet notwith­<lb/>&longs;tanding that is more ab&longs;olute and noble wherein we more <lb/>plainly de&longs;erne his art and skill. </s>
<s>The <emph type="italics"/>Con&longs;titution<emph.end type="italics"/> of the <emph type="italics"/>Vnivers,<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>among all Phy&longs;ical points that fall within Humane Compre­<lb/>hen&longs;ion, may, in my opinion, be preferred to the Precedency: <lb/>for if that in regard of univer&longs;al extent it excell all others, it <lb/>ought as the Rule and Standard of the re&longs;t to goe before <lb/>them in Nobility. </s>
<s>Now if ever any per&longs;ons might challenge <lb/>to be &longs;ignally di&longs;tingui&longs;hed for Intellectuals from other men; <pb/><emph type="italics"/>Ptolomey<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"/> were they that have had the honour to <lb/>&longs;ee farthe&longs;t into, and di&longs;cour&longs;e mo&longs;t profoundly of the <emph type="italics"/>Worlds <lb/>Sy&longs;teme.<emph.end type="italics"/> About the Works of which famous Men the&longs;e Dia­<lb/>lous being chiefly conver&longs;ant, I conceived it my duty to De­<lb/>dicate them only to <emph type="italics"/>Your Highne&longs;s.<emph.end type="italics"/> For laying all the weight <lb/>upon the&longs;e two, whom I hold to be the Able&longs;t Wits that <lb/>have left us their Works upon the&longs;e Subjects; to avoid a Sole­<lb/>ci&longs;mein Manners, I was obliged to addre&longs;s them to Him, who <lb/>with me, is the Greate&longs;t of all Men, from whom they can re­<lb/>ceive either Glory or Patrociny. </s>
<s>And if the&longs;e two per&longs;ons <lb/>have &longs;o farre illuminated my Under&longs;tanding as that this my <lb/>Book may in a great part be confe&longs;&longs;ed to belong to them, well <lb/>may it al&longs;o be acknowledged to belong to <emph type="italics"/>Your Highne&longs;s,<emph.end type="italics"/> unto <lb/>who&longs;e Bounteous Magnificence I owe the time and lea&longs;ure I <lb/>had to write it, as al&longs;o unto Your Powerful A&longs;&longs;i&longs;tance, (never <lb/>weary of honouring me) the means that at length I have had <lb/>to publi&longs;h it. </s>
<s>May <emph type="italics"/>Your Highne&longs;s<emph.end type="italics"/> therefore be plea&longs;ed to accept <lb/>of it according to Your accu&longs;tomed Goodne&longs;s; and if any <lb/>thing &longs;hall be found therein, that may be &longs;ub&longs;ervient towards <lb/>the information or &longs;atisfaction of tho&longs;e that are Lovers of <lb/>Truth; let them acknowledge it to be due to <emph type="italics"/>Your Self,<emph.end type="italics"/> who are <lb/>&longs;o expert in doing good, that Your Happy Dominion cannot <lb/>&longs;hew the man that is concerned in any of tho&longs;e general Cala­<lb/>mities that di&longs;turb the World; &longs;o that Praying for Your Pro&longs;pe­<lb/>rity, and continuance in this Your Pious and Laudable Cu­<lb/>&longs;tome, I humbly ki&longs;s Your Hands;</s></p><p type="main">
<s><emph type="italics"/>Your Mo&longs;t Serene Highne&longs;&longs;es<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>Mo&longs;t Humble and mo&longs;t devoted</s></p><p type="main">
<s>Servant and Subject</s></p><p type="main">
<s>GALILEO GALILEI.</s></p><pb/><p type="head">
<s>THE AUTHOR'S <lb/>INTRODUCTION.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>Judicious Reader,</s></p><p type="main">
<s><emph type="italics"/>There was publi&longs;hed &longs;ome years &longs;ince in<emph.end type="italics"/> Rome <emph type="italics"/>a &longs;alutiferous Edict, that, for <lb/>the obviating of the dangerous Scandals of the pre&longs;ent Age, impo&longs;ed a &longs;ea­<lb/>&longs;onable Silence upon the Pythagorean Opinion of the Mobility of the Earth. <lb/></s>
<s>There want not &longs;uch as unadvi&longs;edly affirm, that that Decree was not the produ­<lb/>ction of a &longs;ober Scrutiny, but of an ill informed Pa&longs;sion; & one may hear &longs;ome mut­<lb/>ter that Con&longs;ultors altogether ignorant of A&longs;tronomical Ob&longs;ervations ought not <lb/>to clipp the Wings of Speculative Wits with ra&longs;h Prohibitions. </s>
<s>My zeale can­<lb/>not keep &longs;ilence when I hear the&longs;e incon&longs;iderate complaints. </s>
<s>I thought fit, as being thoroughly ac­<lb/>quainted with that prudent Determination, to appear openly upon the Theatre of the World as a Wit­<lb/>ne&longs;s of the naked Truth. </s>
<s>I was at that time in<emph.end type="italics"/> Rome; <emph type="italics"/>and had not only the audiences, but applauds of <lb/>the mo&longs;t Eminent Prelates of that Court; nor was that Decree Publi&longs;hed without Previous Notice given <lb/>me thereof. </s>
<s>Therefore it is my re&longs;olution in the pre&longs;ent ca&longs;e to give Foraign Nations to &longs;ee that this <lb/>point is as well under stood in<emph.end type="italics"/> Italy, <emph type="italics"/>and particularly in<emph.end type="italics"/> Rome, <emph type="italics"/>as Tran&longs;alpine Diligence can imagine <lb/>it to be: and collecting together all the proper Speculations that concern the<emph.end type="italics"/> Copernican Sy&longs;teme, <lb/><emph type="italics"/>to let them know, that the notice of all preceded the Cen&longs;ure of the<emph.end type="italics"/> Roman Court; <emph type="italics"/>and that there <lb/>proceed from this Climate not only Doctrines for the health of the Soul, but al&longs;o ingenious Di&longs;coveries <lb/>for the recreating of the Mind.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s><emph type="italics"/>To this end I have per&longs;onated the<emph.end type="italics"/> Copernican <emph type="italics"/>in this Di&longs;cour&longs;e; proceeding upon an Hypothe&longs;is <lb/>purely Mathematical; &longs;triving by all artificial wayes to repre&longs;ent it Superiour, not to that of the Im­<lb/>mobility of the Earth ab&longs;olutely, but according as it is mentioned by &longs;ome, that retein no more, but the <lb/>name of<emph.end type="italics"/> Peripateticks, <emph type="italics"/>and are content, without going farther, to adore Shadows, not philo&longs;ophizing <lb/>with requi&longs;it caution, but with the &longs;ole remembrance of four<emph.end type="italics"/> Principles, <emph type="italics"/>but badly under &longs;tood.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s><emph type="italics"/>We &longs;hall treat of three principall heads. </s>
<s>Fir&longs;t I will endeavour to &longs;hew that all Experiments that can <lb/>be made upon the Earth are in&longs;ufficient means to conclude it's Mobility, but are indifferently applicable <lb/>to the Earth moveable or immoveable: and I hope that on this occa&longs;ion we &longs;hall di&longs;cover many ob&longs;er­<lb/>vable pa&longs;&longs;ages unknown to the Ancients. </s>
<s>Secondly we will examine the Cœle&longs;tiall<emph.end type="italics"/> Phœnomena <lb/><emph type="italics"/>that make for the<emph.end type="italics"/> Copernican Hypothe&longs;is, <emph type="italics"/>as if it were to prove ab&longs;olutely victorious; adding by the <lb/>way certain new Ob&longs;ervations, which yet &longs;erve only for the A&longs;tronomical Facility, not for Natural <lb/>Neceßity. </s>
<s>In the third place I will propo&longs;e an ingenuous Fancy. </s>
<s>I remember that I have &longs;aid many <lb/>years &longs;ince, that the unknown Probleme of the Tide might receive &longs;ome light, admitting the Earths <lb/>Motion. </s>
<s>This Po&longs;ition of mine pa&longs;sing from one to another had found charitable Fathers that <lb/>adopted it for the I&longs;&longs;ue of their own wit. </s>
<s>Now, becau&longs;e no &longs;tranger may ever appear that defending him­<lb/>&longs;elf with our armes &longs;hall charge us with want of caution in &longs;o principal an Accident, I have thought <lb/>good to lay down tho&longs;e probabilities that would render it credible, admitting that the Earth did <lb/>move. </s>
<s>I hope, that by the&longs;e Con&longs;ider ations the World will come to know, that if other Nations have <lb/>Navigated more than we, we have not &longs;tudied le&longs;s than they; & that our returning to a&longs;&longs;ert the Earths <lb/>Stability, and to take the contrary only for a Mathematical<emph.end type="italics"/> Capriccio, <emph type="italics"/>proceeds not from inadvertency <lb/>of what others have thought thereof, but (had we no other inducements) from tho&longs;e Rea&longs;ons that Pic­<lb/>ty, Religion, the Knowledge of the Divine Omnipotency, and a con&longs;ciou&longs;ne&longs;s of the incapacity of mans <lb/>Vnder&longs;tanding dictate unto us.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><pb/><p type="main">
<s><emph type="italics"/>With all I conceived it very proper to expre&longs;s the&longs;e conceits by way of Dialogue, which, as not being <lb/>bound up to the riggid ob&longs;ervance of Mathematical Laws, gives place al&longs;o to Digre&longs;sions that are <lb/>&longs;ometimes no le&longs;s curious than the principal Argument.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s><emph type="italics"/>I chanced to be &longs;everal years &longs;ince, at &longs;everal times, in the Stupendious Citty of<emph.end type="italics"/> Venice, <emph type="italics"/>where I <lb/>conver&longs;ed with<emph.end type="italics"/> Signore Giovan France&longs;co Sagredo <emph type="italics"/>of a Noble Extraction, and piercing wit. </s>
<s>There <lb/>came thither from<emph.end type="italics"/> Florence <emph type="italics"/>at the &longs;ame time<emph.end type="italics"/> Signore Filippo Salviati, <emph type="italics"/>who&longs;e lea&longs;t glory was the Emi­<lb/>nence of his Blood, and Magnificence of his E&longs;tate: a &longs;ublime Wit that fed not more hungerly upon <lb/>any plea&longs;ure than on elevated Speculations. </s>
<s>In the company of the&longs;e two I often di&longs;cour&longs;ed of the&longs;e <lb/>matters before a certain Peripatetick Philo&longs;opher who &longs;eemed to have no geater ob&longs;tacle in under&longs;tand­<lb/>ing of the Truth, than the Fame he had acquired by Ari&longs;totelical Interpretations.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s><emph type="italics"/>Now, &longs;eeing that inexorable Death hath deprived<emph.end type="italics"/> Venice <emph type="italics"/>and<emph.end type="italics"/> Florence <emph type="italics"/>of tho&longs;e two great Lights in <lb/>the very Meridian of their years, I did re&longs;olve, as far as my poor ability would permit, to perpetuate <lb/>their lives to their honour in the&longs;e leaves, bringing them in as Interlocutors in the pre&longs;ent Controver&longs;y. <lb/></s>
<s>Nor &longs;hall the Honest Peripatetick want his place, to whom for his exce&longs;sive affection to wards the Com­<lb/>mentaries of<emph.end type="italics"/> Simplicius, <emph type="italics"/>I thought fit, without mentioning his own Name, to leave that of the Author <lb/>he &longs;o much re&longs;pected. </s>
<s>Let tho&longs;e two great Souls, ever venerable to my heart, plea&longs;e to accept this pu­<lb/>blick Monument of my never dying Love; and let the remembr ance of their Eloquence a&longs;si&longs;t me in <lb/>delivering to Po&longs;terity the Con&longs;ider ations that I have promi&longs;ed.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s><emph type="italics"/>There ca&longs;ually happened (as was u&longs;uall) &longs;everal di&longs;cour&longs;es at times between the&longs;e Gentlemen, the <lb/>which had rather inflamed than &longs;atisfied in their wits the thir&longs;t they had to be learning; whereupon <lb/>they took a di&longs;creet re&longs;olution to meet together for certain dayes, in which all other bu&longs;ine&longs;s &longs;et a&longs;ide, <lb/>they might betake them&longs;elves more methodically to contemplate the Wonders of God in Heaven, and in <lb/>the Earth: the place appointed for their meeting being in the Palace of the Noble<emph.end type="italics"/> Sagredo, <emph type="italics"/>after the <lb/>due, but very &longs;hort complements<emph.end type="italics"/>; Signore Salviati <emph type="italics"/>began in this manner.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><figure></figure><pb pagenum="1"/><p type="head">
<s>GALILÆUS <lb/>Galilæus Lyncæus, <lb/>HIS <lb/>SYSTEME <lb/>OF THE <lb/>WORLD.</s></p><p type="head">
<s>The Fir&longs;t Dialogue.</s></p><p type="head">
<s><emph type="italics"/>INTERLOCVTORS.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head">
<s>SALVIATUS, SAGREDUS, and SIMPLICIUS.</s></p><p type="head">
<s>SALVIATUS.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>It was our ye&longs;terdayes re&longs;olution, and a­<lb/>greement, that we &longs;hould to day di&longs;cour&longs;e <lb/>the mo&longs;t di&longs;tinctly, and particularly we <lb/>could po&longs;&longs;ible, of the natural rea&longs;ons, and <lb/>their efficacy that have been hitherto al­<lb/>ledged on the one or other part, by the <lb/>maintainers of the Po&longs;itions, <emph type="italics"/>Aristotelian,<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>and <emph type="italics"/>Ptolomaique<emph.end type="italics"/>; and by the followers </s></p><p type="main">
<s><arrow.to.target n="marg3"></arrow.to.target><lb/>of the <emph type="italics"/>Copernican Sy&longs;teme<emph.end type="italics"/>: And becau&longs;e <lb/><emph type="italics"/>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"/> placing the Earth among the moveable Bodies of Hea­<lb/>ven, comes to con&longs;titute a Globe for the &longs;ame like to a Planet; it <lb/>would be good that we began our di&longs;putation with the examina­<lb/>tion of what, and how great the energy of the <emph type="italics"/>Peripateticks<emph.end type="italics"/> ar­<lb/>guments is, when they demon&longs;trate, that this <emph type="italics"/>Hypothe&longs;is<emph.end type="italics"/> is impo&longs;­<pb pagenum="2"/>&longs;ible: Since that it is nece&longs;&longs;ary to introduce in Nature, &longs;ub&longs;tances <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg4"></arrow.to.target><lb/>different betwixt them&longs;elves, that is, the Cœle&longs;tial, and Elementa­<lb/>ry; that impa&longs;&longs;ible and immortal, this alterable and corruptible. <lb/></s>
<s>Which argument <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> handleth in his book <emph type="italics"/>De Cœlo,<emph.end type="italics"/> in&longs;inu­<lb/>ating it fir&longs;t, by &longs;ome di&longs;cour&longs;es dependent on certain general a&longs;­<lb/>&longs;umptions, and afterwards confirming it with experiments and per­<lb/>ticular demon&longs;trations: following the &longs;ame method, I will pro­<lb/>pound, and freely &longs;peak my judgement, &longs;ubmitting my &longs;elf to <lb/>your cen&longs;ure, and particularly to <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> a Stout Champion <lb/>and contender for the <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totelian<emph.end type="italics"/> Doctrine.<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg5"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg3"></margin.target>Copernicus <emph type="italics"/>repu­<lb/>teth the earth œ <lb/>Globe like to a Pla­<lb/>net.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg4"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Cœle&longs;tial &longs;ub&longs;tan­<lb/>ces that are inalte­<lb/>rable, and Elemen­<lb/>tary that be alte­<lb/>rable, are nece&longs;&longs;ary <lb/>in the opinion of<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>Ari&longs;totle.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg5"></margin.target>Ari&longs;totle <emph type="italics"/>maketh <lb/>the World perfect, <lb/>becau&longs;e it hath the <lb/>threefold demen&longs;i­<lb/>on.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>And the fir&longs;t Step of the <emph type="italics"/>Peripatetick<emph.end type="italics"/> arguments is that, where <emph type="italics"/>A­<lb/>ri&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> proveth the integrity and perfection of the World, telling <lb/>us, that it is not a &longs;imple line, nor a bare &longs;uperficies, but a body <lb/>adorned with Longitude, Latitude, and Profundity; and becau&longs;e <lb/>there are no more dimen&longs;ions but the&longs;e three; The World having <lb/>them, hath all, and having all, is to be concluded perfect. </s>
<s>And <lb/>again, that by &longs;imple length, that magnitude is con&longs;tituted, which <lb/>is called a Line, to which adding breadth, there is framed the Su­<lb/>perficies, and yet further adding the altitude or profoundity, there <lb/>re&longs;ults the Body, and after the&longs;e three dimen&longs;ions there is no <lb/>pa&longs;&longs;ing farther, &longs;o that in the&longs;e three the integrity, and to &longs;o &longs;peak, <lb/>totality is terminated, which I might but with ju&longs;tice have requi­<lb/>red <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> to have proved to me by nece&longs;&longs;ary con&longs;equences, the <lb/>rather in regard he was able to do it very plainly, and &longs;peedily.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>What &longs;ay you to the excellent demon&longs;trations in the </s></p><p type="main">
<s><arrow.to.target n="marg6"></arrow.to.target><lb/>2. 3. and 4. Texts, after the definition of <emph type="italics"/>Continual<emph.end type="italics"/>? </s>
<s>have you it <lb/>not fir&longs;t there proved, that there is no more but three dimen&longs;ions, <lb/>for that tho&longs;e three are all things, and that they are every where? <lb/></s>
<s>And is not this confirmed by the Doctrine and Authority of the <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg7"></arrow.to.target><lb/><emph type="italics"/>Pythagorians,<emph.end type="italics"/> who &longs;ay that all things are determined by three, be­<lb/>ginning, middle, and end, which is the number of All? </s>
<s>And where <lb/>leave you that rea&longs;on, namely, that as it were by the law of Na­<lb/>ture, this number is u&longs;ed in the &longs;acrifices of the Gods? </s>
<s>And why <lb/>being &longs;o dictated by nature, do we atribute to tho&longs;e things that <lb/>are three, and not to le&longs;&longs;e, the title of all? </s>
<s>why of two is it &longs;aid <lb/>both, and not all, unle&longs;s they be three? </s>
<s>And all this Doctrine you <lb/>have in the &longs;econd Text. </s>
<s>Afterwards in the third, <emph type="italics"/>Ad pleniorem<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg8"></arrow.to.target><lb/><emph type="italics"/>&longs;cientiam,<emph.end type="italics"/> we read that <emph type="italics"/>All,<emph.end type="italics"/> the <emph type="italics"/>Whole,<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Perfect,<emph.end type="italics"/> are formally <lb/>one and the &longs;ame; and that therefore onely the <emph type="italics"/>Body,<emph.end type="italics"/> among&longs;t <lb/>magnitudes is perfect: becau&longs;e it is determined by three, which is <lb/>All, and being divi&longs;ible three manner of waies, it is every way di­<lb/>vi&longs;ible; but of the others, &longs;ome are dividible in one manner, and <lb/>&longs;ome in two, becau&longs;e according to the number a&longs;&longs;ixed, they have <lb/>their divi&longs;ion and continuity, and thus one magnitude is continu­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg9"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ate one way, another two, a third, namely the Body, every way. <pb pagenum="3"/>Moreover in the fourth Text; doth he not after &longs;ome other Do­<lb/>ctrines, prove it by another demon&longs;tration? <emph type="italics"/>Scilicet,<emph.end type="italics"/> That no tran­<lb/>&longs;ition is made but according to &longs;ome defect (and &longs;o there is a tran­<lb/>&longs;ition or pa&longs;&longs;ing from the line to the &longs;uperficies, becau&longs;e the line is <lb/>defective in breadth) and that it is impo&longs;&longs;ible for the perfect to <lb/>want any thing, it being every way &longs;o; therefore there is no tran­<lb/>&longs;ition from the Solid or Body to any other magnitude. </s>
<s>Now <lb/>think you not that by all the&longs;e places he hath &longs;ufficiently proved, <lb/>how that there's no going beyond the three dimen&longs;ions, Length, <lb/>Breadth, and Thickne&longs;s, and that therefore the body or &longs;olid, <lb/>which hath them all, is perfect?</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg6"></margin.target>Ari&longs;totles <emph type="italics"/>demon­<lb/>&longs;trations to prove <lb/>the dimen&longs;ions to be <lb/>three and no more.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg7"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The number three <lb/>celebrated among &longs;t <lb/>the<emph.end type="italics"/> Pythagorians</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg8"></margin.target>Omne, Totum & <lb/>Perfectum.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg9"></margin.target>Or Solid.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>To tell you true, I think not my &longs;elf bound by all the&longs;e <lb/>rea&longs;ons to grant any more but onely this, That that which hath <lb/>beginning, middle, and end, may, and ought to be called perfect: But <lb/>that then, becau&longs;e beginning, middle, and end, are Three, the num­<lb/>ber Three is a perfect number, and hath a faculty of conferring <lb/><emph type="italics"/>Perfection<emph.end type="italics"/> on tho&longs;e things that have the &longs;ame, I find no inducement <lb/>to grant; neither do I under&longs;tand, nor believe that, for example, <lb/>of feet, the number three is more perfect then four or two, nor do <lb/>I conceive the number four to be any imperfection to the Ele­<lb/>ments: and that they would be more perfect if they were three. <lb/></s>
<s>Better therefore it had been to have left the&longs;e &longs;ubtleties to the <lb/><emph type="italics"/>Rhetoricians,<emph.end type="italics"/> and to have proved his intent, by nece&longs;&longs;ary demon&longs;tra­<lb/>tion; for &longs;o it behoves to do in demon&longs;trative &longs;ciences.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>You &longs;eem to &longs;corn the&longs;e rea&longs;ons, and yet it is all the <lb/>Doctrine of the <emph type="italics"/>Pythagorians,<emph.end type="italics"/> who attribute &longs;o much to numbers; <lb/>and you that be a <emph type="italics"/>Mathematician,<emph.end type="italics"/> and believe many opinions in <lb/>the <emph type="italics"/>Pythagorick<emph.end type="italics"/> Philo&longs;ophy, &longs;eem now to contemn their My­<lb/>&longs;teries.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>That the <emph type="italics"/>Pythagorians<emph.end type="italics"/> had the &longs;cience of numbers in <lb/>high e&longs;teem, and that <emph type="italics"/>Plato<emph.end type="italics"/> him&longs;elf admired humane under&longs;tand­<lb/>ing, and thought that it pertook of Divinity, for that it under­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg10"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;tood the nature of numbers, I know very well, nor &longs;hould I be <lb/>far from being of the &longs;ame opinion: But that the My&longs;teries for <lb/>which <emph type="italics"/>Pythagoras<emph.end type="italics"/> and his &longs;ect, had the Science of numbers in &longs;uch <lb/>veneration, are the follies that abound in the mouths and writings <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg11"></arrow.to.target><lb/>of the vulgar, I no waies credit: but rather becau&longs;e I know that they, <lb/>to the end admirable things might not be expo&longs;ed to the con­<lb/>tempt, and &longs;corne of the vulgar, cen&longs;ured as &longs;acrilegious, the pub­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg12"></arrow.to.target><lb/>li&longs;hing of the ab&longs;truce properties of Numbers, and incommen­<lb/>&longs;urable and irrational quantities, by them inve&longs;tigated; and di­<lb/>vulged, that he who di&longs;covered them, was tormented in the other <lb/>World: I believe that &longs;ome one of them to deter the common <lb/>&longs;ort, and free him&longs;elf from their inqui&longs;itivene&longs;s, told them that the <lb/>my&longs;teries of numbers were tho&longs;e trifles, which afterwards did &longs;o <pb pagenum="4"/>&longs;pread among&longs;t the vulgar; and this with a di&longs;cretion and &longs;ubtlety <lb/>re&longs;embling that of the prudent young man, that to be freed <lb/>from the importunity of his inqui&longs;itive Mother or Wife, I know <lb/>not whether, who pre&longs;&longs;ed him to impart the &longs;ecrets of the Senate, <lb/>contrived that &longs;tory, which afterwards brought her and many o­<lb/>ther women to be derided and laught at by the &longs;ame Senate.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg10"></margin.target>Plato <emph type="italics"/>held that <lb/>humane under­<lb/>&longs;tanding partook <lb/>ofaivi<gap/>ity, becau&longs;e <lb/>it understood num­<lb/>bers.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg11"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The My&longs;tery of<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>Pythagorick <emph type="italics"/>num­<lb/>bers fabulous.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg12"></margin.target>De Papyrio p æ­<lb/>textato, <emph type="italics"/>Gellius<emph.end type="italics"/> <gap/><lb/>2. 3.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>I will not be of the number of tho&longs;e who are over curi­<lb/>ous about the <emph type="italics"/>Pythagorick<emph.end type="italics"/> my&longs;teries; but adhering to the point <lb/>in hand; I reply, that the rea&longs;ons produced by <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> to prove <lb/>the dimen&longs;ions to be no more than three, &longs;eem to me conclu­<lb/>dent, and I believe, That had there been any more evident demon­<lb/>&longs;trations thereof, <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> would not have omitted them.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>Put in at lea&longs;t, if he had known, or remembred any more. <lb/></s>
<s>But you <emph type="italics"/>Salviatus<emph.end type="italics"/> would do me a great plea&longs;ure to alledge unto <lb/>me &longs;ome arguments that may be evident, and clear enough for me <lb/>to comprehend.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>I will; and they &longs;hall be &longs;uch as are not onely to be ap­<lb/>prehended by you, but even by <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> him&longs;elf: nor onely <lb/>to be comprehended, but are al&longs;o already known, although hap­<lb/>ly unob&longs;erved; and for the more ea&longs;ie under&longs;tanding thereof, <lb/>we will take this Pen and Ink, which I &longs;ee already prepared for <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg13"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;uch occa&longs;ions, and de&longs;cribe a few figures. </s>
<s>And fir&longs;t we will note <lb/>[Fig. </s>
<s>1. <emph type="italics"/>at the end of this Dialog.<emph.end type="italics"/>] the&longs;e two points AB, and draw <lb/>from the one to the other the curved lines, ACB, and ADB, and the <lb/>right line A B, I demand of you which of them, in your mind, is <lb/>that which determines the di&longs;tance between the terms AB, & why?</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg13"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>A Geometrical de­<lb/>mon&longs;tration of the <lb/>triple dimen&longs;ion.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s><emph type="italics"/>S<emph.end type="italics"/>AGR. </s>
<s>I &longs;hould &longs;ay the right line, and not the crooked, as well <lb/>becau&longs;e the right is &longs;horter, as becau&longs;e it is one, &longs;ole, and deter­<lb/>minate, whereas the others are infinit, unequal, and longer; and my <lb/>determination is grounded upon that, That it is one, and certain.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>We have then the right line to determine the length be­<lb/>tween the two terms; let us add another right line and parallel to <lb/>AB, which let be CD, [<emph type="italics"/>Fig.<emph.end type="italics"/> 2.] &longs;o that there is put between them a <lb/>&longs;uperficies, of which I de&longs;ire you to a&longs;&longs;ign me the breadth, therefore <lb/>departing from the point A, tell me how, and which way you will <lb/>go, to end in the line C D, and &longs;o to point me out the breadth com­<lb/>prehended between tho&longs;e lines; let me know whether you will <lb/>terminate it according to the quantity of the curved line A E, or <lb/>the right line A F, or any other.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>According to the right A F, and not according to the <lb/>crooked, that being already excluded from &longs;uch an u&longs;e.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>But I would take neither of them, &longs;eeing the right line <lb/>A F runs obliquely; But would draw a line, perpendicular to C <lb/>D, for this &longs;hould &longs;eem to me the &longs;horte&longs;t, and the propere&longs;t of <lb/>infinite that are greater, and unequal to one another, which may be <pb pagenum="5"/>produced from the term A to any other part of the oppo&longs;ite line <lb/>C D.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>Your choice, and the rea&longs;on you bring for it in my judg­<lb/>ment is mo&longs;t excellent; &longs;o that by this time we have proved that <lb/>the fir&longs;t dimen&longs;ion is determined by a right line, the &longs;econd name­<lb/>ly the breadth with another line right al&longs;o, and not onely right, <lb/>but withall, at right-angles to the other that determineth the <lb/>length, and thus we have the two dimen&longs;ions of length and <lb/>breadth, definite and certain. </s>
<s>But were you to bound or termi­<lb/>nate a height, as for example, how high this Roof is from the pave­<lb/>ment, that we tread on, being that from any point in the Roof, <lb/>we may draw infinite lines, both curved, and right, and all of di­<lb/>ver&longs;e lengths to infinite points of the pavement, which of all the&longs;e <lb/>lines would you make u&longs;e of?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>I would fa&longs;ten a line to the Seeling, and with a plummet <lb/>that &longs;hould hang at it, would let it freely di&longs;tend it &longs;elf till it <lb/>&longs;hould reach well near to the pavement, and the length of &longs;uch a <lb/>thread being the &longs;treighte&longs;t and &longs;horte&longs;t of all the lines, that could <lb/>po&longs;sibly be drawn from the &longs;ame point to the pavement, I would <lb/>&longs;ay was the true height of this Room.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>Very well, And when from the point noted in the pave­<lb/>ment by this pendent thread (taking the pavement to be levell <lb/>and not declining) you &longs;hould produce two other right lines, one <lb/>for the length, and the other for the breadth of the &longs;uperficies of <lb/>the&longs;aid pavement, what angles &longs;hould they make with the &longs;aid <lb/>thread?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>They would doubtle&longs;s meet at right angles, the &longs;aid <lb/>lines falling perpendicular, and the pavement being very plain and <lb/>levell.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>Therefore if you a&longs;&longs;ign any point, for the term from whence <lb/>to begin your mea&longs;ure; and from thence do draw a right line, as <lb/>the terminator of the fir&longs;t mea&longs;ure, namely of the length, it will <lb/>follow of nece&longs;&longs;ity, that that which is to de&longs;ign out the largene&longs;s <lb/>or breadth, toucheth the fir&longs;t at right-angles, and that that which is <lb/>to denote the altitude, which is the third dimen&longs;ion, going from the <lb/>&longs;ame point formeth al&longs;o with the other two, not oblique but right <lb/>angles, and thus by the three perpendiculars, as by three lines, one, <lb/>certain, and as &longs;hort as is po&longs;&longs;ible, you have the three dimen&longs;ions <lb/>A B length, A C breadth, and A D height; and becau&longs;e, clear it <lb/>is, that there cannot concurre any more lines in the &longs;aid point, &longs;o <lb/>as to make therewith right-angles, and the dimen&longs;ions ought to <lb/>be determined by the &longs;ole right lines, which make between them­<lb/>&longs;elves right-angles; therefore the dimen&longs;ions are no more but <lb/>three, and that which hath three hath all, and that which hath all, <lb/>is divi&longs;ible on all &longs;ides, and that which is &longs;o, is perfect, <emph type="italics"/>&c.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><pb pagenum="6"/><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>And who &longs;aith that I cannot draw other lines? </s>
<s>why <lb/>may not I protract another line underneath, unto the point A, <lb/>that may be perpendicular to the re&longs;t?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>You can doubtle&longs;s, at one and the &longs;ame point, make no <lb/>more than three right lines concurre, that con&longs;titute right angles <lb/>between them&longs;elves.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>I &longs;ee what <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> means, namely, that &longs;hould the <lb/>&longs;aid D A be prolonged downward, then by that means there might <lb/>be drawn two others, but they would be the &longs;ame with the fir&longs;t <lb/>three, differing onely in this, that whereas now they onely touch, <lb/>then they would inter&longs;ect, but not produce new dimen&longs;ions.<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg14"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg14"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>In phyfical proofs <lb/>geometrical exact­<lb/>ne&longs;s is not nece&longs;&longs;a­<lb/>ry.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>I will not &longs;ay that this your argument may not be con­<lb/>cludent; but yet this I &longs;ay with <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> that in things natural <lb/>it is not alwaies nece&longs;&longs;ary, to bring <emph type="italics"/>Mathematical<emph.end type="italics"/> demon&longs;trations.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>Grant that it were &longs;o where &longs;uch proofs cannot be had, <lb/>yet if this ca&longs;e admit of them, why do not you u&longs;e them? </s>
<s>But it <lb/>would be good we &longs;pent no more words on this particular, for I <lb/>think that <emph type="italics"/>Salviatus<emph.end type="italics"/> will yield, both to <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> and you, with­<lb/>out farther demon&longs;tration, that the World is a body, and perfect, <lb/>yea mo&longs;t perfect, as being the greate&longs;t work of God.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>So really it is, therefore leaving the general contempla­</s></p><p type="main">
<s><arrow.to.target n="marg15"></arrow.to.target><lb/>tion of the whole, let us de&longs;cend to the con&longs;ideration of its parts, <lb/>which <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> in his fir&longs;t divi&longs;ion, makes two, and they very diffe­<lb/>rent and almo&longs;t contrary to one another; namely the Cœle&longs;tial, <lb/>and Elementary: that ingenerable, incorruptible, unalterable, un­<lb/>pa&longs;&longs;ible, &c. </s>
<s>and this expo&longs;ed to a continual alteration, mutati­<lb/>on, &c. </s>
<s>Which difference, as from its original principle, he de­<lb/>rives from the diver&longs;ity of local motions, and in this method he <lb/>proceeds.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg15"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Parts of the world <lb/>are two, according <lb/>to<emph.end type="italics"/> Ari&longs;totle, <emph type="italics"/>Cœle­<lb/>&longs;tial and Elemen­<lb/>tary contrary to <lb/>one another.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>Leaving the &longs;en&longs;ible, if I may &longs;o &longs;peak, and retiring into the <lb/>Ideal world, he begins Architectonically to con&longs;ider that nature <lb/>being the principle of motion, it followeth that natural bodies be <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg16"></arrow.to.target><lb/>indued with local motion. </s>
<s>Next he declares local motion to be <lb/>of three kinds, namely, circular, right, and mixt of right and cir­<lb/>cular: and the two fir&longs;t he calleth &longs;imple, for that of all lines the <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg17"></arrow.to.target><lb/>circular, and right are onely &longs;imple; and here &longs;omewhat re­<lb/>&longs;training him&longs;elf, he defineth anew, of &longs;imple motions, one to be <lb/>circular, namely that which is made about the <emph type="italics"/>medium,<emph.end type="italics"/> and the <lb/>other namely the right, upwards, and downwards; upwards, that <lb/>which moveth from the <emph type="italics"/>medium<emph.end type="italics"/>; downwards, that which goeth to­<lb/>wards the <emph type="italics"/>medium.<emph.end type="italics"/> And from hence he infers, as he may by and ne­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg18"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ce&longs;&longs;ary con&longs;equence, that all &longs;imple motions are confined to the&longs;e <lb/>three kinds, namely, to the <emph type="italics"/>medium,<emph.end type="italics"/> from the <emph type="italics"/>medium,<emph.end type="italics"/> and about <lb/>the <emph type="italics"/>medium<emph.end type="italics"/>; the which corre&longs;ponds &longs;aith he, with what hath been <lb/>&longs;aid before of a body, that it al&longs;o is perfected by three things, and &longs;o <pb pagenum="7"/>is its motion. </s>
<s>Having confirmed the&longs;e motions, he proceeds &longs;aying, <lb/>that of natural bodies &longs;ome being &longs;imple, and &longs;ome compo&longs;ed of <lb/>them (and he calleth &longs;imple bodies tho&longs;e, that have a principle <lb/>of motion from nature, as the Fire and Earth) it follows that <lb/>&longs;imple motions belong to &longs;imple bodies, and mixt to the com­<lb/>pound; yet in &longs;uch &longs;ort, that the compounded incline to the part <lb/>predominant in the compo&longs;ition.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg16"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Local motion of <lb/>three kinds, right, <lb/>circular, & mixt.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg17"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Circular, and <lb/>&longs;treight motions <lb/>are &longs;imple, as pro­<lb/>ceeding by &longs;imple <lb/>lines.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg18"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Ad medium, à me­<lb/>dio, & circa medi­<lb/>um.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>Pray you hold a little <emph type="italics"/>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"/> for I find &longs;o many <lb/>doubts to &longs;pring up on all &longs;ides in this di&longs;cour&longs;e, that I &longs;hall be <lb/>con&longs;trained, either to communicate them if I would attentively <lb/>hearken to what you &longs;hall add, or to take off my attention from <lb/>the things &longs;poken, if I would remember objections.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>I will very willingly &longs;tay, for that I al&longs;o run the &longs;ame <lb/>hazard, and am ready at every &longs;tep to lo&longs;e my &longs;elf whil&longs;t I &longs;ail be­<lb/>tween Rocks, and boi&longs;terous Waves, that make me, as they &longs;ay, to <lb/>lo&longs;e my <emph type="italics"/>Compa&longs;s<emph.end type="italics"/>; therefore before I make them more, propound <lb/>your difficulties.<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg19"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg19"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The definition of <lb/>Nature, either im­<lb/>perfect, or un&longs;ea&longs;o­<lb/>nable, produced by<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>Ari&longs;totle.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>You and <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> together would at fir&longs;t take me a <lb/>little out of the &longs;en&longs;ible World, to tell me of the <emph type="italics"/>Architecture,<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>wherewith it ought to be fabricated; and very appo&longs;itly begin to <lb/>tell me, that a natural body is by nature moveable, nature being <lb/>(as el&longs;ewhere it is defined) the principle of motion. </s>
<s>But here I <lb/>am &longs;omewhat doubtfull why <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;aid not that of natural bo­<lb/>dies, &longs;ome are moveable by nature, and others immoveable, for <lb/>that in the definition, nature is &longs;aid to be the principle of Motion, <lb/>and Re&longs;t; for if natural bodies have all a principle of motion, <lb/>either he might have omitted the mention of Re&longs;t, in the definiti­<lb/>on of nature: or not have introduced &longs;uch a definition in this place. <lb/></s>
<s>Next, as to the declaration of what <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> intends by &longs;imple <lb/>motions, and how by Spaces he determines them, calling tho&longs;e &longs;im­<lb/>ple, that are made by &longs;imple lines, which are onely the right, and </s></p><p type="main">
<s><arrow.to.target n="marg20"></arrow.to.target><lb/>circular, I entertain it willingly; nor do I de&longs;ire to tenter the <lb/>in&longs;tance of the Helix, about the Cylinder; which in that it is in e­<lb/>very part like to it &longs;elf, might &longs;eemingly be numbred among &longs;im­<lb/>ple lines. </s>
<s>But herein I cannot concurre, that he &longs;hould &longs;o re­<lb/>&longs;train &longs;imple motions (whil&longs;t he &longs;eems to go about to repeat the <lb/>&longs;ame definition in other words) as to call one of them the motion <lb/>about the <emph type="italics"/>medium,<emph.end type="italics"/> the others <emph type="italics"/>Sur&longs;um & Deor&longs;um,<emph.end type="italics"/> namely up­<lb/>wards and downward; which terms are not to be u&longs;ed, out of the <lb/>World fabricated, but imply it not onely made, but already in­<lb/>habited by us; for if the right motion be &longs;imple, by the &longs;implicity <lb/>of the right line, and if the &longs;imple motion be natural, it is made on <lb/>every &longs;ide, to wit, upwards, downwards, backwards, forwards, to <lb/>the right, to the left, and if any other way can be imagined, pro­<lb/>vided it be &longs;traight, it &longs;hall agree to any &longs;imple natural body; or <pb pagenum="8"/>if not &longs;o, then the &longs;uppo&longs;ion of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> is defective. </s>
<s>It appears <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg21"></arrow.to.target><lb/>moreover that <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> hinteth but one circular motion alone to <lb/>be in the World, and con&longs;equently but one onely Center, to <lb/>which alone the motions of upwards and downwards, refer. </s>
<s>All <lb/>which are apparent proofs, that <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totles<emph.end type="italics"/> aim is, to make white <lb/>black, and to accommodate <emph type="italics"/>Architectur<gap/><emph.end type="italics"/> to the building, and not <lb/>to modle the building according to the precepts of <emph type="italics"/>Arthitecture:<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>for if I &longs;hould &longs;ay that Nature in Univer&longs;al may have a thou­<lb/>&longs;and Circular Motions, and by con&longs;equence a thou&longs;and Cen­<lb/>ters, there would be al&longs;o a thou&longs;and motions upwards, and <lb/>downwards. </s>
<s>Again he makes as hath been &longs;aid, a &longs;imple motion, <lb/>and a mixt motion, calling &longs;imple, the circular and right; and <lb/>mixt, the compound of them two: of natural bodies he calls &longs;ome <lb/>&longs;imple (namely tho&longs;e that have a natural principle to &longs;imple mo­<lb/>tion) and others compound: and &longs;imple motions he attributes <lb/>to &longs;imple bodies, and the compounded to the compound; but by <lb/>compound motion he doth no longer under&longs;tand the mixt of right <lb/>and circular, which may be in the World; but introduceth a mixt <lb/>motion as impo&longs;&longs;ible, as it is impo&longs;&longs;ible to mixe oppo&longs;ite motions <lb/>made in the &longs;ame right line, &longs;o as to produce from them a motion <lb/>partly upwards, partly downwards; and, to moderate &longs;uch an ab­<lb/>&longs;urdity, and impo&longs;&longs;ibility, he a&longs;&longs;erts that &longs;uch mixt bodies move <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg22"></arrow.to.target><lb/>according to the &longs;imple part predominant: which nece&longs;&longs;itates <lb/>others to &longs;ay, that even the motion made by the &longs;ame right line is <lb/>&longs;ometimes &longs;imple, and &longs;ometimes al&longs;o compound: &longs;o that the &longs;im­<lb/>plicity of the motion, is no longer dependent onely on the &longs;im­<lb/>plicity of the line.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg20"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The Helix about <lb/>the Cylinder may <lb/>be &longs;aid to be a &longs;im­<lb/>ple line.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg21"></margin.target>Ari&longs;totle <emph type="italics"/>accom­<lb/>modates the rules of<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>Architecture <emph type="italics"/>to <lb/>the frame of the <lb/>World, and not the <lb/>frame to the rules.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg22"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Right motion, &longs;ome­<lb/>times &longs;imple, ard <lb/>&longs;ometimes mixt ac­<lb/>cording to<emph.end type="italics"/> Ari&longs;t.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. How? </s>
<s>Is it not difference &longs;ufficient, that the &longs;imple and <lb/>ab&longs;olute are more &longs;wift than that which proceeds from predomi­<lb/>nion? </s>
<s>and how much fa&longs;ter doth a piece of pure Earth de&longs;cend, <lb/>than a piece of Wood?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. Well, <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/>; But put ca&longs;e the &longs;implicity for this <lb/>cau&longs;e was changed, be&longs;ides that there would be a hundred thou­<lb/>&longs;and mixt motions, you would not be able to determine the &longs;im­<lb/>ple; nay farther, if the greater or le&longs;&longs;e velocity be able to alter <lb/>the &longs;implicity of the motion, no &longs;imple body &longs;hould move with a <lb/>&longs;imple motion; &longs;ince that in all natural right motions, the veloci­<lb/>ty is ever encrea&longs;ing, and by con&longs;equence &longs;till changing the &longs;impli­<lb/>city, which as it is &longs;implicity, ought of con&longs;equence to be immu­<lb/>table, and that which more importeth, you charge <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> with <lb/>another thing, that in the definition of motions compounded, he <lb/>hath not made mention of tardity nor velocity, which you now <lb/>in&longs;ert for a nece&longs;&longs;ary and e&longs;&longs;ential point. </s>
<s>Again you can draw <lb/>no advantage from this rule, for that there will be among&longs;t the <lb/>mixt bodies &longs;ome, (and that not a few) that will move &longs;wiftly, <pb pagenum="9"/>and others more &longs;lowly than the &longs;imple; as for example, Lead, and <lb/>Wood, in compari&longs;on of earth; and therefore among&longs;t the&longs;e mo­<lb/>tions, which call you the &longs;imple, and which the mixt?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>I would call that &longs;imple motion, which is made by a <lb/>&longs;imple body, and mixt, that of a compound body.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>Very well, and yet <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> a little before you &longs;aid, <lb/>that the &longs;imple, and compound motions, di&longs;covered which were <lb/>mixt, and which were &longs;imple bodies; now you will have me by <lb/>&longs;imple and mixt bodies, come to know which is the &longs;imple, and <lb/>which is the compound motion: an excellent way to keep us igno­<lb/>rant, both of motions and bodies. </s>
<s>Moreover you have al&longs;o a little <lb/>above declared, how that a greater velocity did not &longs;uffice, but <lb/>you &longs;eek a third condition for the definement of &longs;imple motion, for <lb/>which <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> contented him&longs;elf with one alone, namely, of the <lb/>&longs;implicity of the Space, or <emph type="italics"/>Medium<emph.end type="italics"/>: But now according to you, <lb/>the &longs;imple motion, &longs;hall be that which is made upon a &longs;imple line, <lb/>with a certain determinate velocity, by a body &longs;imply moveable. <lb/></s>
<s>Now be it as you plea&longs;e, and let us return to <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> who defi­<lb/>neth the mixt motion to be that compounded of the right, and cir­<lb/>cular, but produceth not any body, which naturally moveth with <lb/>&longs;uch a motion.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>I come again to <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> who having very well, and <lb/>Methodically begun his di&longs;cour&longs;e, but having a greater aim to <lb/>re&longs;t at, and hit a marke, predefigned in his minde, then that to <lb/>which his method lead him, digre&longs;&longs;ing from the purpo&longs;e, he comes <lb/>to a&longs;&longs;ert, as a thing known and manife&longs;t, that as to the motions <lb/>directly upwards or downwards, they naturally agree to Fire, and <lb/>Earth; and that therefore it is nece&longs;&longs;ary, that be&longs;ides the&longs;e bodies, <lb/>which are neer unto us, there mu&longs;t be in nature another, to which <lb/>the circular motion may agree: which &longs;hall be &longs;o much the more <lb/>excellent by how much the circular motion is more perfect, then the <lb/>&longs;treight, but how much more perfect that is than this, he deter­<lb/>mines from the greatne&longs;s of the circular lines perfection above the <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg23"></arrow.to.target><lb/>right line; calling that perfect, and this imperfect; imperfect, be­<lb/>cau&longs;e if infinite it wanteth a termination, and end: and if it be fi­<lb/>nite, there is yet &longs;omething beyond which it may be prolonged. <lb/></s>
<s>This is the ba&longs;is, ground work, and ma&longs;ter-&longs;tone of all the Fabrick <lb/>of the <emph type="italics"/>Aristotelian<emph.end type="italics"/> World, upon which they &longs;uper&longs;truct all their <lb/>other properties, of neither heavy nor light, of ingenerable incor­<lb/>ruptible, exemption from all motions, &longs;ome onely the local, &c. <lb/></s>
<s>And all the&longs;e pa&longs;&longs;ions he affirmeth to be proper to a &longs;imple body <lb/>that is moved circularly; and the contrary qualities of gravity, <lb/>levity, corruptibility, &c. </s>
<s>he a&longs;&longs;igns to bodies naturally moveable <lb/>in a &longs;treight line, for that if we have already di&longs;covered defects in <lb/>the foundation, we may rationally que&longs;tion what &longs;oever may far­<pb pagenum="10"/>ther built thereon. </s>
<s>I deny not, that this which <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> hitherto <lb/>hath introduced, with a general di&longs;cour&longs;e dependent upon univer­<lb/>&longs;al primary principles, hathbeen &longs;ince in proce&longs;s of time, re-inforced <lb/>with particular rea&longs;ons, and experiments; all which it would be <lb/>nece&longs;&longs;ary di&longs;tinctly to con&longs;ider and weigh; but becau&longs;e what hath <lb/>been &longs;aid hitherto pre&longs;ents to &longs;uch as con&longs;ider the &longs;ame many and <lb/>no &longs;mall difficulties, (and yet it would be nece&longs;&longs;ary, that the pri­<lb/>mary principles and fundamentals, were certain, firm, and e&longs;tabli&longs;h­<lb/>ed, that &longs;o they might with more confidence be built upon) it <lb/>would not be ami&longs;s, before we farther multiply doubts, to &longs;ee if <lb/>haply (as I conjecture) betaking our &longs;elves to other waies, we may <lb/>not light upon a more direct and &longs;ecure method; and with better <lb/>con&longs;idered principles of Architecture lay our primary fundamen­<lb/>tals. </s>
<s>Therefore &longs;u&longs;pending for the pre&longs;ent the method of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;to­<lb/>tle,<emph.end type="italics"/> (which we will re-a&longs;&longs;ume again in its proper place, and parti­<lb/>cularly examine;) I &longs;ay, that in the things hitherto affirmed by <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg24"></arrow.to.target><lb/>him, I agree with him, and admit that the World is a body enjoy­<lb/>ing all dimen&longs;ions, and therefore mo&longs;t perfect; and I add, that as <lb/>&longs;uch, it is nece&longs;&longs;arily mo&longs;t ordinate, that is, having parts between <lb/>them&longs;elves, with exqui&longs;ite and mo&longs;t perfect order di&longs;po&longs;ed; which <lb/>a&longs;&longs;umption I think is not to be denied, neither by you or any <lb/>other.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg23"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The circular line <lb/>perfect, according <lb/>to<emph.end type="italics"/> Ari&longs;totle, <emph type="italics"/>and <lb/>but the right im­<lb/>perfect, and why.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg24"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The world is &longs;up­<lb/>po&longs;ed by the Au­<lb/>thor to be perfectly <lb/>ordinate.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>Who can deny it? </s>
<s>the fir&longs;t particular (of the worlds <lb/>dimen&longs;ions) is taken from <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> him&longs;elf, and its denominati­<lb/>on of ordinate &longs;eems onely to be a&longs;&longs;umed from the order which it <lb/>mo&longs;t exactly keeps.<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg25"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg25"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Streight motion <lb/>impo&longs;&longs;ible in the <lb/>world exactly or­<lb/>dinate.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>This principle then e&longs;tabli&longs;hed, one may immediately <lb/>conclude, that if the entire parts of the World &longs;hould be by their <lb/>nature moveable, it is impo&longs;&longs;ible that their motions &longs;hould be <lb/>right, or other than circular; and the rea&longs;on is &longs;ufficiently ea&longs;ie, <lb/>and manife&longs;t; for that what&longs;oever moveth with a right motion, <lb/>changeth place; and continuing to move, doth by degrees more <lb/>and more remove from the term from whence it departed, and <lb/>from all the places thorow which it &longs;ucce&longs;&longs;ively pa&longs;&longs;ed; and if <lb/>&longs;uch motion naturally &longs;uited with it, then it was not at the be­<lb/>ginning in its proper place; and &longs;o the parts of the World were <lb/>not di&longs;po&longs;ed with perfect order. </s>
<s>But we &longs;uppo&longs;e them to be per­<lb/>fectly ordinate, therefore as &longs;uch, it is impo&longs;&longs;ible that they &longs;hould <lb/>by nature change place, and con&longs;equently move in a right moti­</s></p><p type="main">
<s><arrow.to.target n="marg26"></arrow.to.target><lb/>on. </s>
<s>Again, the right motion being by nature infinite, for that <lb/>the right line is infinite and indeterminate, it is impo&longs;&longs;ible that <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg27"></arrow.to.target><lb/>any moveable can have a natural principle of moving in a right <lb/>line; namely toward the place whither it is impo&longs;&longs;ible to arrive, <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg28"></arrow.to.target><lb/>there being no præ-&longs;inite term; and nature, as <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> him&longs;elf <lb/>&longs;aith well, never attempts to do that which can never be done, <pb pagenum="11"/>nor e&longs;&longs;aies to move whither it is impo&longs;&longs;ible to arrive. </s>
<s>And if any <lb/>one &longs;hould yet object, that albeit the right line, and con&longs;equent­<lb/>ly the motion by it is producible <emph type="italics"/>in infinitum,<emph.end type="italics"/> that is to &longs;ay, is in­<lb/>terminate; yet neverthele&longs;s Nature, as one may &longs;ay, arbitrarily <lb/>hath a&longs;&longs;igned them &longs;ome terms, and given natural in&longs;tincts to <lb/>its natural bodies to move unto the &longs;ame; I will reply, that this <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg29"></arrow.to.target><lb/>might perhaps be fabled to have come to pa&longs;s in the fir&longs;t Chaos, <lb/>where indi&longs;tinct matters confu&longs;edly and inordinately wandered; <lb/>to regulate which, Nature very appo&longs;itely made u&longs;e of right mo­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg30"></arrow.to.target><lb/>tions, by which, like as the well-con&longs;tituted, moving, di&longs;dorder <lb/>them&longs;elves, &longs;o were they which were before depravedly di&longs;po&longs;ed <lb/>by this motion ranged in order: but after their exqui&longs;ite di&longs;tribu­<lb/>tion and collocation, it is impo&longs;&longs;ible that there &longs;hould remain na­<lb/>tural inclinations in them of longer moving in a right motion, <lb/>from which now would en&longs;ue their removal from their proper and <lb/>natural place, that is to &longs;ay, their di&longs;ordination; we may there­<lb/>fore &longs;ay that the right motion &longs;erves to conduct the matter to erect <lb/>the work; but once erected, that it is to re&longs;t immoveable, or if <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg31"></arrow.to.target><lb/>moveable, to move it &longs;elf onely circularly. </s>
<s>Unle&longs;s we will &longs;ay <lb/>with <emph type="italics"/>Plato,<emph.end type="italics"/> that the&longs;e mundane bodies, after they had been made <lb/>and fini&longs;hed, were for a certain time moved by their Maker, in a <lb/>right motion, but that after their attainment to certain and de­<lb/>terminate places, they were revolved one by one in Spheres, pa&longs;­<lb/>&longs;ing from the right to the circular motion, wherein they have <lb/>been ever &longs;ince kept and maintained. </s>
<s>A &longs;ublime conceipt, and <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg32"></arrow.to.target><lb/>worthy indeed of <emph type="italics"/>Plato<emph.end type="italics"/>: upon which, I remember to have heard <lb/>our common friend the ^{*}<emph type="italics"/>Lyncean Academick<emph.end type="italics"/> di&longs;cour&longs;e in this man­<lb/>ner, if I have not forgot it. </s>
<s>Every body for any rea&longs;on con&longs;titu­<lb/>ted in a &longs;tate of re&longs;t, but which is by nature moveable, being &longs;et <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg33"></arrow.to.target><lb/>at liberty doth move; provided withal, that it have an inclina­<lb/>tion to &longs;ome particular place; for &longs;hould it &longs;tand indifferently af­<lb/>fected to all, it would remain in its re&longs;t, not having greater in­<lb/>ducement to move one way than another. </s>
<s>From the having of <lb/>this inclination nece&longs;&longs;arily proceeds, that it in its moving &longs;hall con­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg34"></arrow.to.target><lb/>tinually increa&longs;e its acceleration, and beginning with a mo&longs;t &longs;low <lb/>motion, it &longs;hall not acquire any degree of velocity, before it <lb/>&longs;hall have pa&longs;&longs;ed thorow all the degrees of le&longs;s velocity, or grea­<lb/>ter tardity: for pa&longs;&longs;ing from the &longs;tate of quiet (which is the in­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg35"></arrow.to.target><lb/>finite degree of tardity of motion) there is no rea&longs;on by which <lb/>it &longs;hould enter into &longs;uch a determinate degree of velocity, before <lb/>it &longs;hall have entred into a le&longs;s, and into yet a le&longs;s, before it entred <lb/>into that: but rather it &longs;tands with rea&longs;on, to pa&longs;s fir&longs;t by tho&longs;e <lb/>degrees neare&longs;t to that from which it departed, and from tho&longs;e to <lb/>the more remote; but the degree from whence the moveable <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg36"></arrow.to.target><lb/>began to move, is that of extreme tardity, namely of re&longs;t. <pb pagenum="12"/><arrow.to.target n="marg37"></arrow.to.target><lb/>Now this acceleration of motion is never made, but when the <lb/>moveable in moving acquireth it; nor is its acqui&longs;t other than an <lb/>approaching to the place de&longs;ired, to wit, whither its natural in­<lb/>clination attracts it, and thither it tendeth by the &longs;horte&longs;t way; <lb/>namely, by a right line. </s>
<s>We may upon good grounds therefore <lb/>&longs;ay, That Nature, to confer upon a moveable fir&longs;t con&longs;tituted in <lb/>re&longs;t a determinate velocity, u&longs;eth to make it move according to <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg38"></arrow.to.target><lb/>a certain time and &longs;pace with a right motion. </s>
<s>This pre&longs;uppo&longs;ed, <lb/>let us imagine God to have created the Orb <emph type="italics"/>v. </s>
<s>g.<emph.end type="italics"/> of <emph type="italics"/>Jupiter,<emph.end type="italics"/> on <lb/>which he had determined to confer &longs;uch a certain velocity, which <lb/>it ought afterwards to retain perpetually uniform; we may with <lb/><emph type="italics"/>Plato<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;ay, that he gave it at the beginning a right and accelerate <lb/>motion, and that it afterwards being arrived to that intended de­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg39"></arrow.to.target><lb/>gree of velocity, he converted its right, into a circular motion, <lb/>the velocity of which came afterwards naturally to be uniform.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg26"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Right motion by <lb/>nature infinite.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg27"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Motion by a right <lb/>line naturally im­<lb/>po&longs;&longs;ible.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg28"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Nature attempts <lb/>not things impo&longs;&longs;i­<lb/>ble to be effected.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg29"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Right motion might <lb/>perhaps be in the <lb/>fir&longs;t Chaos.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg30"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Right motion is <lb/>commodious to <lb/>range in order, <lb/>things ous of or­<lb/>der.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg31"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Mundane bodies <lb/>moved in the be­<lb/>ginning in a right <lb/>line, and after­<lb/>wards circularly? <lb/></s>
<s>according to<emph.end type="italics"/> Plato.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg32"></margin.target>* Thus doth he co­<lb/>vertly and mode&longs;t­<lb/>ly &longs;tile him&longs;elfe <lb/>throughout this <lb/>work.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg33"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>A moveable be­<lb/>ing in a &longs;tate of <lb/>re&longs;t, &longs;hall not move <lb/>unle&longs;s it have an <lb/>inclination to &longs;ome <lb/>particular place.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg34"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The moveable ac­<lb/>celerates its moti­<lb/>on, going towards <lb/>the place whither <lb/>it hath an inclina­<lb/>tion.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg35"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The moveable pa&longs;­<lb/>&longs;ing from re&longs;t, go­<lb/>eth thorow all the <lb/>degrees of tardity.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg36"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Re&longs;t the in&longs;inioe <lb/>degree of tardity.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg37"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The moveable doth <lb/>not accelerate, &longs;ave <lb/>only as it approach­<lb/>eth nearer to its <lb/>term.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg38"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Nature, to intro­<lb/>duce in the move­<lb/>able a certain de­<lb/>gree of velocity, <lb/>made it move in a <lb/>right line.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg39"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Vniform velocity <lb/>convenient to the <lb/>circular motion.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>I hearken to this Di&longs;cour&longs;e with great delight; and I <lb/>believe the content I take therein will be greater, when you have <lb/>&longs;atisfied me in a doubt: that is, (which I do not very well com­<lb/>prehend) how it of nece&longs;&longs;ity en&longs;ues, that a moveable departing <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg40"></arrow.to.target><lb/>from its re&longs;t, and entring into a motion to which it had a natural <lb/>inclination, it pa&longs;&longs;eth thorow all the precedent degrees o&longs; tardity, <lb/>comprehended between any a&longs;&longs;igned degree of velocity, and the <lb/>&longs;tate of re&longs;t, which degrees are infinite? </s>
<s>&longs;o that Nature was not <lb/>able to confer them upon the body of <emph type="italics"/>Jupiter,<emph.end type="italics"/> his circular moti­<lb/>on being in&longs;tantly created with &longs;uch and &longs;uch velocity.<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg41"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg40"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Betwixt re&longs;t, and <lb/>any a&longs;&longs;igned degree <lb/>of velocity, infinite <lb/>degrees of le&longs;s ve­<lb/>locity interpo&longs;e.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg41"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Nature doth not <lb/>immediately con­<lb/>fer a determinate <lb/>degree of velocity, <lb/>howbeit &longs;he could.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>I neither did, nor dare &longs;ay, that it was impo&longs;&longs;ible for <lb/>God or Nature to confer that velocity which you &longs;peak of, imme­<lb/>diately; but this I &longs;ay, that <emph type="italics"/>de facto<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;he did not doit; &longs;o that the <lb/>doing it would be a work extra-natural, and by confequence mi­<lb/>raculous.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>Then you believe, that a &longs;tone leaving its re&longs;t, and en­<lb/>tring into its natural motion towards the centre of the Earth, pa&longs;­<lb/>&longs;eth thorow all the degrees of tardity inferiour to any degree of <lb/>velocity?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>I do believe it, nay am certain of it; and &longs;o certain, <lb/>that I am able to make you al&longs;o very well &longs;atisfied with the truth <lb/>thereof.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>Though by all this daies di&longs;cour&longs;e I &longs;hould gain no <lb/>more but &longs;uch a knowledge, I &longs;hould think my time very well <lb/>be&longs;towed.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>By what I collect from our di&longs;cour&longs;e, a great part of <lb/>your &longs;cruple lieth in that it &longs;hould in a time, and that very &longs;hort, <lb/>pa&longs;s thorow tho&longs;e infinite degrees of tardity precedent to any ve­<lb/>locity, acquired by the moveable in that time: and therefore be­<lb/>fore we go any farther, I will &longs;eek to remove this difficulty, which <pb pagenum="13"/>&longs;hall be an ea&longs;ie task; for I reply, that the moveable pa&longs;&longs;eth by <lb/>the afore&longs;aid degrees, but the pa&longs;&longs;age is made without &longs;taying in </s></p><p type="main">
<s><arrow.to.target n="marg42"></arrow.to.target><lb/>any of them; &longs;o that the pa&longs;&longs;age requiring but one &longs;ole in&longs;tant <lb/>of time, and every &longs;mall time containing infinite in&longs;tants, we &longs;hall <lb/>not want enough of them to a&longs;&longs;ign its own to each of the infinite <lb/>degrees of tardity; although the time were never &longs;o &longs;hort.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg42"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The moveable de­<lb/>parting from re&longs;v <lb/>pa&longs;&longs;eth thorow all <lb/>degrees of velocity <lb/>without &longs;taying in <lb/>any.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>Hitherto I apprehend you; neverthele&longs;s it is very much <lb/>that that Ball &longs;hot from a Cannon (for &longs;uch I conceive the ca­<lb/>dent moveable) which yet we &longs;ee to fall with &longs;uch a precipice, <lb/>that in le&longs;s than ten pul&longs;es it will pa&longs;s two hundred yards of al­<lb/>titude; &longs;hould in its motion be found conjoyned with &longs;o &longs;mall a <lb/>degree of velocity, that, &longs;hould it have continued to have moved <lb/>at that rate without farther acceleration, it would not have pa&longs;t <lb/>the &longs;ame in a day.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>You may &longs;ay, nor yet in a year, nor in ten, no nor in a <lb/>thou&longs;and; as I will endeavour to &longs;hew you, and al&longs;o happily with­<lb/>out your contradiction, to &longs;ome &longs;ufficiently &longs;imple que&longs;tions that <lb/>I will propound to you. </s>
<s>Therefore tell me if you make any que­<lb/>&longs;tion of granting that, that that ball in de&longs;cending goeth increa­<lb/>&longs;ing its <emph type="italics"/>impetus<emph.end type="italics"/> and velocity.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>I am mo&longs;t certain it doth.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>And if I &longs;hould &longs;ay that the <emph type="italics"/>impetus<emph.end type="italics"/> acquired in any <lb/>place of its motion, is &longs;o much, that it would &longs;uffice to re-carry <lb/>it to that place from which it came, would you grant it?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>I &longs;hould con&longs;ent to it without contradiction, provided al­<lb/>waies, that it might imploy without impediment its whole <emph type="italics"/>impetus<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>in that &longs;ole work of re-conducting it &longs;elf, or another equal toit, to <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg43"></arrow.to.target><lb/>that &longs;elf-&longs;ame height as it would do, in ca&longs;e the Earth were bored <lb/>thorow the centre, and the Bullet fell a thou&longs;and yards from the <lb/>&longs;aid centre, for I verily believe it would pa&longs;s beyond the centre, <lb/>a&longs;cending as much as it had de&longs;cended; and this I &longs;ee plainly in <lb/>the experiment of a plummet hanging at a line, which removed <lb/>from the perpendicular, which is its &longs;tate of re&longs;t, and afterwards <lb/>let go, falleth towards the &longs;aid perpendicular, and goes as far be­<lb/>yond it; or onely &longs;o much le&longs;s, as the oppo&longs;ition of the air, and <lb/>line, or other accidents have hindred it. </s>
<s>The like I &longs;ee in the wa­<lb/>ter, which de&longs;cending thorow a pipe, re-mounts as much as it had <lb/>de&longs;cended.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg43"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The ponderous mo­<lb/>ver de&longs;cending ac­<lb/>quireth<emph.end type="italics"/> impetus <lb/><emph type="italics"/>&longs;ufficient to re­<lb/>carry it to the like <lb/>height.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>You argue very well. </s>
<s>And for that I know you will not <lb/>&longs;cruple to grant that the acqui&longs;t of the <emph type="italics"/>impetus<emph.end type="italics"/> is by means of the <lb/>receding from the term whence the moveable departed, and its ap­<lb/>proach to the centre, whither its motion tendeth; will you &longs;tick <lb/>to yeeld, that two equal moveables, though de&longs;cending by divers <lb/>lines, without any impediment, acquire equal <emph type="italics"/>impetus,<emph.end type="italics"/> provided <lb/>that the approaches to the centre be equal?</s></p><pb pagenum="14"/><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>I do not very well under&longs;tand the que&longs;tion.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>I will expre&longs;s it better by drawing a Figure: therefore <lb/>I will &longs;uppo&longs;e the line A B [in <emph type="italics"/>Fig.<emph.end type="italics"/> 3.] parallel to the Horizon, <lb/>and upon the point B, I will erect a perpendicular B C; and after <lb/>that I adde this &longs;launt line C A. </s>
<s>Under&longs;tanding now the line C <lb/>A to be an inclining plain exqui&longs;itely poli&longs;hed, and hard, upon <lb/>which de&longs;cendeth a ball perfectly round and of very hard matter, <lb/>and &longs;uch another I &longs;uppo&longs;e freely to de&longs;cend by the perpendicular <lb/>C B: will you now confe&longs;s that the <emph type="italics"/>impetus<emph.end type="italics"/> of that which de­<lb/>&longs;cends by the plain C A, being arrived to the point A, may be <lb/>equal to the <emph type="italics"/>impetus<emph.end type="italics"/> acquired by the other in the point B, after <lb/>the de&longs;cent by the perpendicular C B?<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg44"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg44"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The impetuo&longs;ity of <lb/>moveables equally <lb/>approaching to the <lb/>centre, are equal.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>I re&longs;olutely believe &longs;o: for in effect they have both the <lb/>&longs;ame proximity to the centre, and by that, which I have already <lb/>granted, their impetuo&longs;ities would be equally &longs;ufficient to re-carry <lb/>them to the &longs;ame height.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>Tell me now what you believe the &longs;ame ball would do <lb/>put upon the Horizontal plane A B?</s></p><p type="main">
<s><arrow.to.target n="marg45"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg45"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Vpon an horizon­<lb/>tall plane the move­<lb/>able lieth &longs;till.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>It would lie &longs;till, the &longs;aid plane having no declination.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>But on the inclining plane C A it would de&longs;cend, but <lb/>with a gentler motion than by the perpendicular C B?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>I may confidently an&longs;wer in the affirmative, it &longs;eem­<lb/>ing to me nece&longs;&longs;ary that the motion by the perpendicular C B <lb/>&longs;hould be more &longs;wift, than by the inclining plane C A; yet ne­<lb/>verthele&longs;s, i&longs; this be, how can the Cadent by the inclination ar­<lb/>rived to the point A, have as much <emph type="italics"/>impetus,<emph.end type="italics"/> that is, the &longs;ame de­<lb/>gree of velocity, that the Cadent by the perpendicular &longs;hall have <lb/>in the point B? the&longs;e two Propo&longs;itions &longs;eem contradictory.</s></p><p type="main">
<s><arrow.to.target n="marg46"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg46"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The veloeity by the <lb/>inclining plane e­<lb/>qual to the veloci­<lb/>ty by the perpendi­<lb/>oular, and the mo­<lb/>tion by the perpen­<lb/>dicular &longs;wifter <lb/>than by the incli­<lb/>nation.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>Then you would think it much more fal&longs;e, &longs;hould I <lb/>&longs;ay, that the velocity of the Cadents by the perpendicular, and <lb/>inclination, are ab&longs;olutely equal: and yet this is a Propo&longs;ition <lb/>mo&longs;t true, as is al&longs;o this that the Cadent moveth more &longs;wiftly by <lb/>the perpendicular, than by the inclination.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>The&longs;e Propo&longs;itions to my ears &longs;ound very har&longs;h: and <lb/>I believe to yours <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/>?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>I have the &longs;ame &longs;en&longs;e of them.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>I conceit you je&longs;t with me, pretending not to compre­<lb/>hend what you know better than my &longs;elf: therefore tell me <emph type="italics"/>Sim­<lb/>plicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> when you imagine a moveable more &longs;wift than ano­<lb/>ther, what conceit do you fancy in your mind?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>I fancie one to pa&longs;s in the &longs;ame time a greater &longs;pace <lb/>than the other, or to move equal &longs;paces, but in le&longs;&longs;er time.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>Very well: and for moveables equally &longs;wift, what's <lb/>your conceit of them?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>I fancie that they pa&longs;s equal &longs;paces in equal times.</s></p><pb pagenum="15"/><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>And have you no other conceit thereof than this?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>This I think to be the proper definition of equal mo­<lb/>tions.</s></p><p type="main">
<s><arrow.to.target n="marg47"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg47"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Velocities are &longs;aid <lb/>to be equal, when <lb/>the &longs;paces pa&longs;&longs;ed <lb/>are proportionate to <lb/>their time.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>We will add moreover this other: and call that equal <lb/>velocity, when the &longs;paces pa&longs;&longs;ed have the &longs;ame proportion, as the <lb/>times wherein they are pa&longs;t, and it is a more univer&longs;al definition.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>It is &longs;o: for it comprehendeth the equal &longs;paces pa&longs;t in <lb/>equal times, and al&longs;o the unequal pa&longs;t in times unequal, but pro­<lb/>portionate to tho&longs;e &longs;paces. </s>
<s>Take now the &longs;ame Figure, and apply­<lb/>ing the conceipt that you had of the more ha&longs;tie motion, tell me <lb/>why you think the velocity of the Cadent by C B, is greater <lb/>than the velocity of the De&longs;cendent by C A?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>I think &longs;o; becau&longs;e in the &longs;ame time that the Cadent <lb/>&longs;hall pa&longs;s all C B, the De&longs;cendent &longs;hall pa&longs;s in C A, a part le&longs;s <lb/>than C B.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. True; and thus it is proved, that the moveable moves <lb/>more &longs;wiftly by the perpendicular, than by the inclination. </s>
<s>Now <lb/>con&longs;ider, if in this &longs;ame Figure one may any way evince the o­<lb/>ther conceipt, and finde that the moveables were equally &longs;wift <lb/>by both the lines C A and C B.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>I &longs;ee no &longs;uch thing; nay rather it &longs;eems to contradict <lb/>what was &longs;aid before.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>And what &longs;ay you, <emph type="italics"/>Sagredus<emph.end type="italics"/>? </s>
<s>I would not teach you <lb/>what you knew before, and that of which but ju&longs;t now you pro­<lb/>duced me the definition.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>The definition I gave you, was, that moveables may <lb/>be called equally &longs;wift, when the &longs;paces pa&longs;&longs;ed are proportional <lb/>to the times in which they pa&longs;&longs;ed; therefore to apply the defini­<lb/>tion to the pre&longs;ent ca&longs;e, it will be requi&longs;ite, that the time of de­<lb/>&longs;cent by C A, to the time of falling by C B, &longs;hould have the <lb/>&longs;ame proportion that the line C A hath to the line C B; but I <lb/>under&longs;tand not how that can be, for that the motion by C B is <lb/>&longs;wifter than by C A.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>And yet you mu&longs;t of nece&longs;&longs;ity know it. </s>
<s>Tell me a little, <lb/>do not the&longs;e motions go continually accelerating?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>They do; but more in the perpendicular than in the <lb/>inclination.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>But this acceleration in the perpendicular, is it yet not­<lb/>with&longs;tanding &longs;uch in compari&longs;on of that of the inclined, that <lb/>two equal parts being taken in any place of the &longs;aid perpendicu­<lb/>lar and inclining lines, the motion in the parts of the perpendicu­<lb/>lar is alwaies more &longs;wift, than in the part of the inclination?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>I &longs;ay not &longs;o: but I could take a &longs;pace in the inclinati­<lb/>on, in which the velocity &longs;hall be far greater than in the like &longs;pace <lb/>taken in the perpendicular; and this &longs;hall be, if the &longs;pace in the <pb pagenum="16"/>perpendicular &longs;hould be taken near to the end C, and in the in­<lb/>clination, far from it.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>You &longs;ee then, that the Propo&longs;ition which &longs;aith, that <lb/>the motion by the perpendicular is more &longs;wift than by the incli­<lb/>nation, holds not true univer&longs;ally, but onely of the motions, <lb/>which begin from the extremity, namely from the point of re&longs;t: <lb/>without which re&longs;triction, the Propo&longs;ition would be &longs;o deficient, <lb/>that its very direct contrary might be true; namely, that the mo­<lb/>tion in the inclining plane is &longs;wifter than in the perpendicular: <lb/>for it is certain, that in the &longs;aid inclination, we may take a &longs;pace <lb/>pa&longs;t by the moveable in le&longs;s time, than the like &longs;pace pa&longs;t in the <lb/>perpendicular. </s>
<s>Now becau&longs;e the motion in the inclination is in <lb/>&longs;ome places more, in &longs;ome le&longs;s, than in the perpendicular; there­<lb/>fore in &longs;ome places of the inclination, the time of motion of the <lb/>moveable, &longs;hall have a greater proportion to the time of the motion <lb/>of the moveable, by &longs;ome places of the perpendicular, than the <lb/>&longs;pace pa&longs;&longs;ed, to the &longs;pace pa&longs;&longs;ed: and in other places, the pro­<lb/>portion of the time to the time, &longs;hall be le&longs;s than that of the <lb/>&longs;pace to the &longs;pace. </s>
<s>As for example: two moveables departing <lb/>from their quie&longs;cence, namely, from the point C, one by the per­<lb/>pendicular C B, [in <emph type="italics"/>Fig.<emph.end type="italics"/> 4.] and the other by the inclination C A, <lb/>in the time that, in the perpendicular, the moveable &longs;hall have <lb/>pa&longs;t all C B, the other &longs;hall have pa&longs;t C T le&longs;&longs;er. </s>
<s>And therefore <lb/>the time by C T, to the time by C B (which is equal) &longs;hall have <lb/>a greater proportion than the line C T to C B, being that the <lb/><emph type="italics"/>&longs;ame<emph.end type="italics"/> to the <emph type="italics"/>le&longs;s,<emph.end type="italics"/> hath a greater proportion than to the <emph type="italics"/>greater.<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>And on the contrary, if in C A, prolonged as much as is requi­<lb/>&longs;ite, one &longs;hould take a part equal to C B, but pa&longs;t in a &longs;horter <lb/>time; the time in the inclination &longs;hall have a le&longs;s proportion to <lb/>the time in the perpendicular, than the &longs;pace to the &longs;pace. </s>
<s>If <lb/>therefore in the inclination and perpendicular, we may &longs;uppo&longs;e <lb/>&longs;uch &longs;paces and velocities, that the proportion between the &longs;aid <lb/>&longs;paces be greater and le&longs;s than the proportion of the times; we <lb/>may ea&longs;ily grant, that there are al&longs;o &longs;paces, by which the times <lb/>of the motions retain the &longs;ame proportion as the &longs;paces.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>I am already freed from my greate&longs;t doubt, and con­<lb/>ceive that to be not onely po&longs;&longs;ible, but nece&longs;&longs;ary, which I but <lb/>now thought a contradiction: but neverthele&longs;s I under&longs;tand not <lb/>as yet, that this whereof we now are &longs;peaking, is one of the&longs;e <lb/>po&longs;&longs;ible or nece&longs;&longs;ary ca&longs;es; &longs;o as that it &longs;hould be true, that the <lb/>time of de&longs;cent by C A, to the time of the fall by C B, hath the <lb/>&longs;ame proportion that the line C A hath to C B; whence it may <lb/>without contradiction be affirmed, that the velocity by the incli­<lb/>nation C A, and by the perpendicular C B, are equal.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>Content your &longs;elf for this time, that I have removed <pb pagenum="17"/>your incredulity; but for the knowledge of this, expect it at <lb/>&longs;ome other time, namely, when you &longs;hall &longs;ee the matters concer­<lb/>ning local motion demon&longs;trated by our <emph type="italics"/>Academick<emph.end type="italics"/>; at which <lb/>time you &longs;hall find it proved, that in the time that the one movea­<lb/>ble falls all the &longs;pace C B, the other de&longs;cendeth by C A as far <lb/>as the point T, in which falls the perpendicular drawn from the <lb/>point B: and to find where the &longs;ame Cadent by the perpendi­<lb/>cular would be when the other arriveth at the point A, draw from <lb/>A the perpendicular unto C A, continuing it, and C B unto the <lb/>interfection, and that &longs;hall be the point &longs;ought. </s>
<s>Whereby you <lb/>&longs;ee how it is true, that the motion by C B is &longs;wifter than by the <lb/>inclination C A (&longs;uppo&longs;ing the term C for the beginning of the <lb/>motions compared) becau&longs;e the line C B is greater than C T, <lb/>and the other from C unto the inter&longs;ection of the perpendicular <lb/>drawn from A, unto the line C A, is greater than C A, and <lb/>therefore the motion by it is &longs;wifter than by C A But when we <lb/>compare the motion made by all C A, not with all the motion <lb/>made in the &longs;ame time by the perpendicular continued, but with <lb/>that made in part of the time, by the &longs;ole part C B, it hinders <lb/>not, that the motion by C A, continuing to de&longs;cend beyond, may <lb/>arrive to A in &longs;uch a time as is in proportion to the other time, <lb/>as the line C A is to the line C B. </s>
<s>Now returning to our fir&longs;t <lb/>purpo&longs;e; which was to &longs;hew, that the grave moveable leaving <lb/>its quie&longs;cence, pa&longs;&longs;eth defcending by all the degrees of tardity, <lb/>precedent to any what&longs;oever degree of velocity that it aequireth, <lb/>re-a&longs;&longs;uming the &longs;ame Figure which we u&longs;ed before, let us remem­<lb/>ber that we did agree, that the De&longs;cendent by the inclination C <lb/>A, and the Cadent by the perpendicular C B, were found to have <lb/>acquired equal degrees of velocity in the terms B and A: now to <lb/>proceed, I &longs;uppo&longs;e you will not &longs;cruple to grant, that upon ano­<lb/>ther plane le&longs;s &longs;teep than A C; as for example, A D [in <emph type="italics"/>Fig.<emph.end type="italics"/> 5.] <lb/>the motion of the de&longs;cendent would be yet more &longs;low than in the <lb/>plane A C. </s>
<s>So that it is not any whit dubitable, but that there <lb/>may be planes &longs;o little elevated above the Horizon A B, that the <lb/>moveable, namely the &longs;ame ball, in any the longe&longs;t time may <lb/>reach the point A, which being to move by the plane A B, an infi­<lb/>nite time would not &longs;uffice: and the motion is made always more <lb/>&longs;lowly, by how much the declination is le&longs;s. </s>
<s>It mu&longs;t be therefore <lb/>confe&longs;t, that there may be a point taken upon the term B, &longs;o near <lb/>to the &longs;aid B, that drawing from thence to the point A a plane, <lb/>the ball would not pa&longs;s it in a whole year. </s>
<s>It is requi&longs;ite next <lb/>for you to know, that the <emph type="italics"/>impetus,<emph.end type="italics"/> namely the degree of velo­<lb/>city the ball is found to have acquired when it arriveth at the <lb/>point A, is &longs;uch, that &longs;hould it continue to move with this &longs;elf-&longs;ame <lb/>degree uniformly, that is to &longs;ay, without accelerating or retarding; <pb pagenum="18"/>in as much more time as it was in coming by the inclining plane, it <lb/>would pa&longs;s double the &longs;pace of the plane inclined: namely (for <lb/>example) if the ball had pa&longs;t the plane D A in an hour, con­<lb/>tinuing to move uniformly with that degree of velocity which it <lb/>is found to have in its arriving at the term A, it &longs;hall pa&longs;s in an <lb/>hour a &longs;pace double the length D A; and becau&longs;e (as we have <lb/>&longs;aid) the degrees of velocity acquired in the points B and A, by <lb/>the moveables that depart from any point taken in the perpendicu­<lb/>lar C B, and that de&longs;cend, the one by the inclined plane, the o­<lb/>ther by the &longs;aid perpendicular, are always equal: therefore the <lb/>cadent by the perpendicular may depart from a term &longs;o near to B, <lb/>that the degree of velocity acquired in B, would not &longs;uffice (&longs;till <lb/>maintaining the &longs;ame) to conduct the moveable by a &longs;pace dou­<lb/>ble the length of the plane inclined in a year, nor in ten, no nor <lb/>in a hundred. </s>
<s>We may therefore conclude, that if it be true, <lb/>that according to the ordinary cour&longs;e of nature a moveable, all <lb/>external and accidental impediments removed, moves upon an in­<lb/>clining plane with greater and greater tardity, according as the <lb/>inclination &longs;hall be le&longs;s; &longs;o that in the end the tardity comes to be <lb/>infinite, which is, when the inclination concludeth in, and joyneth <lb/>to the horizontal plane; and if it be true likewi&longs;e, that the de­<lb/>gree of velocity acquired in &longs;ome point of the inclined plane, is <lb/>equal to that degree of velocity which is found to be in the move­<lb/>able that de&longs;cends by the perpendicular, in the point cut by a <lb/>parallel to the Horizon, which pa&longs;&longs;eth by that point of the incli­<lb/>ning plane; it mu&longs;t of nece&longs;&longs;ity be granted, that the cadent de­<lb/>parting from re&longs;t, pa&longs;&longs;eth thorow all the infinite degrees of tar­<lb/>dity, and that con&longs;equently, to acquire a determinate degree of <lb/>velocity, it is nece&longs;&longs;ary that it move fir&longs;t by right lines, de&longs;cend­<lb/>ing by a &longs;hort or long &longs;pace, according as the velocity to be acqui­<lb/>red, ought to be either le&longs;s or greater, and according as the plane <lb/>on which it de&longs;cendeth is more or le&longs;s inclined; &longs;o that a plane <lb/>may be given with &longs;o &longs;mall inclination, that to acquire in it the <lb/>a&longs;&longs;igned degree of velocity, it mu&longs;t fir&longs;t move in a very great &longs;pace, <lb/>and take a very long time; whereupon in the horizontal plane, any <lb/>how little &longs;oever velocity, would never be naturally acquired, <lb/>&longs;ince that the moveable in this ca&longs;e will never move: but the </s></p><p type="main">
<s><arrow.to.target n="marg48"></arrow.to.target><lb/>motion by the horizontal line, which is neither declined or incli­<lb/>ned, is a circular motion about the centre: therefore the circu­<lb/>lar motion is never acquired naturally, without the right motion <lb/>precede it; but being once acquired, it will continue perpetually <lb/>with uniform velocity. </s>
<s>I could with other di&longs;cour&longs;es evince and <lb/>demon&longs;trate the &longs;ame truth, but I will not by &longs;o great a digre&longs;­<lb/>fion interrupt our principal argument: but rather will return to <lb/>it upon &longs;ome other occa&longs;ion; e&longs;pecially &longs;ince we now a&longs;&longs;umed the <pb pagenum="19"/>&longs;ame, not to &longs;erve for a nece&longs;&longs;ary demon&longs;tration, but to adorn a <lb/><emph type="italics"/>Platonick<emph.end type="italics"/> Conceit; to which I will add another particular ob&longs;er­<lb/>vation of our <emph type="italics"/>Academick,<emph.end type="italics"/> which hath in it &longs;omething of admira­<lb/>ble. </s>
<s>Let us &longs;uppo&longs;e among&longs;t the decrees of the divine <emph type="italics"/>Architect,<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>a purpo&longs;e of creating in the World the&longs;e Globes, which we be­<lb/>hold continually moving round, and of a&longs;&longs;igning the centre of <lb/>their conver&longs;ions; and that in it he had placed the Sun immoveable, <lb/>and had afterwards made all the &longs;aid Globes in the &longs;ame place, <lb/>and with the intended inclinations of moving towards the Centre, <lb/>till they had acquired tho&longs;e degrees of velocity, which at fir&longs;t &longs;ee­<lb/>med good to the &longs;ame Divine Minde; the which being acquired, <lb/>we la&longs;tly &longs;uppo&longs;e that they were turned round, each in his Sphere <lb/>retaining the &longs;aid acquired velocity: it is now demanded, in <lb/>what altitude and di&longs;tance from the Sun the place was where the <lb/>&longs;aid Orbs were primarily created; and whether it be po&longs;&longs;ible that <lb/>they might all be created in the &longs;ame place? </s>
<s>To make this inve­<lb/>&longs;tigation, we mu&longs;t take from the mo&longs;t skilfull A&longs;tronomers the <lb/>magnitude of the Spheres in which the Planets revolve, and like­<lb/>wi&longs;e the time of their revolutions: from which two cognitions is <lb/>gathered how much (for example) <emph type="italics"/>Jupiter<emph.end type="italics"/> is &longs;wifter than <emph type="italics"/>Sa­<lb/>turne<emph.end type="italics"/>; and being found (as indeed it is) that <emph type="italics"/>Jupiter<emph.end type="italics"/> moves more <lb/>&longs;wiftly, it is requi&longs;ite, that departing from the &longs;ame altitude, <emph type="italics"/>Ju­<lb/>piter<emph.end type="italics"/> be de&longs;cended more than <emph type="italics"/>Saturne,<emph.end type="italics"/> as we really know it is, its <lb/>Orbe being inferiour to that of <emph type="italics"/>Saturne.<emph.end type="italics"/> But by proceeding for­<lb/>wards, from the proportions of the two velocities of <emph type="italics"/>Jupiter<emph.end type="italics"/> and <lb/><emph type="italics"/>Saturne,<emph.end type="italics"/> and from the di&longs;tance between their Orbs, and from the <lb/>proportion of acceleration of natural motion, one may finde in <lb/>what altitude and di&longs;tance from the centre of their revolutions, <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg49"></arrow.to.target><lb/>was the place from whence they fir&longs;t departed. </s>
<s>This found out, <lb/>and agreed upon, it is to be &longs;ought, whether <emph type="italics"/>Mars<emph.end type="italics"/> de&longs;cending <lb/>from thence to his Orb, the magnitude of the Orb, and the ve­<lb/>locity of the motion, agree with that which is found by calcula­<lb/>tion; and let the like be done of the <emph type="italics"/>Eartb,<emph.end type="italics"/> of <emph type="italics"/>Venus,<emph.end type="italics"/> and of <lb/><emph type="italics"/>Mercury<emph.end type="italics"/>; the greatne&longs;s of which Spheres, and the velocity of <lb/>their motions, agree &longs;o nearly to what computation gives, that it <lb/>is very admirable.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg48"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The circular mo­<lb/>tion is never ac­<lb/>quired naturally, <lb/>without right mo­<lb/>tion precede it. <lb/></s>
<s>Circular motion <lb/>perpetually uni­<lb/>form.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg49"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The magnitude of <lb/>the Orbs, and the <lb/>velocity of the mo­<lb/>tion of the Planets, <lb/>an&longs;wer proportion­<lb/>ably, as if de&longs;cend­<lb/>ed from the &longs;ame <lb/>place.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>I have hearkened to this conceit with extreme delight; <lb/>and, but that I believe the making of the&longs;e calculations truly <lb/>would be a long and painfull task, and perhaps too hard for me <lb/>to comprehend, I would make a trial of them.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>The operation indeed is long and difficult; nor could <lb/>I be certain to finde it &longs;o readily; therefore we &longs;hall refer it to an­<lb/>other time, and for the pre&longs;ent we will return to our fir&longs;t propo­<lb/>&longs;al, going on there where we made digre&longs;&longs;ion; which, if I well <lb/>remember, was about the proving the motion by a right line of no <pb pagenum="20"/>u&longs;e, in the ordinate parts of the World; and we did proceed to <lb/>&longs;ay, that it was not &longs;o in circular motions, of which that which is <lb/>made by the moveable in it &longs;elf, &longs;till retains it in the &longs;ame place, <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg50"></arrow.to.target><lb/>and that which carrieth the moveable by the circumference of a <lb/>circle about its fixed centre, neither puts it &longs;elf, nor tho&longs;e about it <lb/>in di&longs;order; for that &longs;uch a motion primarily is finite and terminate <lb/>(though not yet fini&longs;hed and determined) but there is no point <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg51"></arrow.to.target><lb/>in the circumference, that is not the fir&longs;t and la&longs;t term in the cir­<lb/>culation; and continuing it in the circumference a&longs;&longs;igned it, it <lb/>leaveth all the re&longs;t, within and without that, free for the u&longs;e of <lb/>others, without ever impeding or di&longs;ordering them. </s>
<s>This being <lb/>a motion that makes the moveable continually leave, and con­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg52"></arrow.to.target><lb/>tinually arrive at the end; it alone therefore can primarily be u­<lb/>niform; for that acceleration of motion is made in the moveable, <lb/>when it goeth towards the term, to which it hath inclination; <lb/>and the retardation happens by the repugnance that it hath to <lb/>leave and part from the &longs;ame term; and becau&longs;e in circular mo­<lb/>tion, the moveable continually leaves the natural term, and con­<lb/>tinually moveth towards the &longs;ame, therefore, in it, the repug­<lb/>nance and inclination are always of equal force: from which e­<lb/>quality re&longs;ults a velocity, neither retarded nor accelerated, <emph type="italics"/>i. </s>
<s>e.<emph.end type="italics"/> an <lb/>uniformity in motion. </s>
<s>From this conformity, and from the being <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg53"></arrow.to.target><lb/>terminate, may follow the perpetual continuation by &longs;ucce&longs;&longs;ively <lb/>reiterating the circulations; which in an undeterminated line, <lb/>and in a motion continually retarded or accelerated, cannot na­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg54"></arrow.to.target><lb/>turally be. </s>
<s>I &longs;ay, naturally; becau&longs;e the right motion which is <lb/>retarded, is the violent, which cannot be perpetual; and the ac­<lb/>celerate arriveth nece&longs;&longs;arily at the term, if one there be; and if <lb/>there be none, it cannot be moved to it, becau&longs;e nature moves <lb/>not whether it is impo&longs;&longs;ible to attain. </s>
<s>I conclude therefore, that <lb/>the circular motion can onely naturally con&longs;i&longs;t with natural bo­<lb/>dies, parts of the univer&longs;e, and con&longs;tituted in an excellent di&longs;po­<lb/>&longs;ure; and that the right, at the mo&longs;t that can be &longs;aid for it, is <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg55"></arrow.to.target><lb/>a&longs;&longs;igned by nature to its bodies, and their parts, at &longs;uch time as <lb/>they &longs;hall be out of their proper places, con&longs;tituted in a depraved <lb/>di&longs;po&longs;ition, and for that cau&longs;e needing to be redured by the &longs;hort­<lb/>e&longs;t way to their natural &longs;tate. </s>
<s>Hence, me thinks, it may ratio­<lb/>nally be concluded, that for maintenance of perfect order among &longs;t <lb/>the parts of the World, it is nece&longs;&longs;ary to &longs;ay, that moveables are <lb/>moveable onely circularly; and if there be any that move not <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg56"></arrow.to.target><lb/>circularly, the&longs;e of nece&longs;&longs;ity are immoveable: there being no­<lb/>thing but re&longs;t and circular motion apt to the con&longs;ervation of or­<lb/>der. </s>
<s>And I do not a little wonder with my &longs;elf, that <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>who held that the Terre&longs;trial globe was placed in the centre of <lb/>the World, and there remained immoveable, &longs;hould not &longs;ay, that <pb pagenum="21"/>of natural bodies &longs;ome are moveable by nature, and others immo­<lb/>veable; e&longs;pecially having before defined Nature, to be the prin­<lb/>ciple of Motion and Re&longs;t.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg50"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Finite and termi­<lb/>nate circular mo­<lb/>tions di&longs;order not <lb/>the parts of the <lb/>World.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg51"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>In the circular mo­<lb/>tion, every point in <lb/>the circumference <lb/>is the begining and <lb/>end.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg52"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Circular motion <lb/>onely is uniform.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg53"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Circular motion <lb/>may be continued <lb/>perpetually.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg54"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Right motion can­<lb/>not naturally be <lb/>perpetual.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg55"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Right motion a&longs;­<lb/>&longs;igned to natural <lb/>bodies, to reduce <lb/>them to perfect or­<lb/>der, when removed <lb/>from their places.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg56"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Re&longs;t onely, and <lb/>circular motion are <lb/>apt to con&longs;erve or­<lb/>der.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> though of a very per&longs;picacious wit, would <lb/>not &longs;train it further than needed: holding in all his argumen­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg57"></arrow.to.target><lb/>tations, that &longs;en&longs;ible experiments were to be preferred before <lb/>any rea&longs;ons founded upon &longs;trength of wit, and &longs;aid tho&longs;e which <lb/>&longs;hould deny the te&longs;timony of &longs;en&longs;e de&longs;erved to be puni&longs;hed with <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg58"></arrow.to.target><lb/>the lo&longs;s of that &longs;en&longs;e; now who is &longs;o blind, that &longs;ees not the <lb/>parts of the Earth and Water to move, as being grave, natural­<lb/>ly downwards, namely, towards the centre of the Univer&longs;e, a&longs;­<lb/>&longs;igned by nature her &longs;elf for the end and term of right motion <lb/><emph type="italics"/>deor&longs;ùm<emph.end type="italics"/>; and doth not likewi&longs;e &longs;ee the Fire and Air to move <lb/>right upwards towards the Concave of the Lunar Orb, as to the <lb/>natural end of motion <emph type="italics"/>&longs;ur&longs;ùm<emph.end type="italics"/>? </s>
<s>And this being &longs;o manife&longs;tly &longs;een, <lb/>and we being certain, that <emph type="italics"/>eadem est ratio totius & partium,<emph.end type="italics"/> why <lb/>may we not a&longs;&longs;ert it for a true and manife&longs;t propo&longs;ition, that the <lb/>natural motion of the Earth is the right motion <emph type="italics"/>ad medium,<emph.end type="italics"/> and <lb/>that of the Fire, the right <emph type="italics"/>à medio<emph.end type="italics"/>?</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg57"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Sen&longs;ible experi­<lb/>ments are to be pre­<lb/>ferred before hu­<lb/>mane argument a­<lb/>tions.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg58"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>He who denies <lb/>&longs;en&longs;e, de&longs;erves to <lb/>be deprived of it. <lb/></s>
<s>Sen&longs;e &longs;heweth that <lb/>things grave move <lb/>to the<emph.end type="italics"/> medium, <emph type="italics"/>and <lb/>the light to the <lb/>concave.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>The mo&longs;t that you can pretend from this your Di&longs;­<lb/>cour&longs;e, were it granted to be true, is that, like as the parts of the <lb/>Earth removed from the whole, namely, from the place where <lb/>they naturally re&longs;t, that is in &longs;hort reduced to a depraved and di&longs;­<lb/>ordered di&longs;po&longs;ure, return to their place &longs;pontaneou&longs;ly, and there­<lb/>fore naturally in a right motion, (it being granted, that <emph type="italics"/>eadem <lb/>&longs;it ratio totius & partium<emph.end type="italics"/>) &longs;o it may be inferred, that the <lb/>Terre&longs;trial Globe removed violently from the place a&longs;&longs;igned <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg59"></arrow.to.target><lb/>it by nature, it would return by a right line. </s>
<s>This, as I have <lb/>&longs;aid, is the mo&longs;t that can be granted you, and that onely for want <lb/>of examination; but he that &longs;hall with exactne&longs;s revi&longs;e the&longs;e <lb/>things, will fir&longs;t deny, that the parts of the Earth, in returning to <lb/>its whole, move in a right line, and not by a circular or mixt; and <lb/>really you would have enough to do to demon&longs;trate the contra­<lb/>ry, as you &longs;hall plainly &longs;ee in the an&longs;wers to the particular rea&longs;ons <lb/>and experiments alledged by <emph type="italics"/>Ptolomey<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle.<emph.end type="italics"/> Secondly, <lb/>If another &longs;hould &longs;ay that the <emph type="italics"/>parts<emph.end type="italics"/> of the Earth, go not in their <lb/>motion towards the Centre of the World, but to unite with its <lb/><emph type="italics"/>Whole,<emph.end type="italics"/> and that for that rea&longs;on they naturally incline towards the <lb/>centre of the Terre&longs;trial Globe, by which inclination they con­<lb/>&longs;pire to form and pre&longs;erve it, what other <emph type="italics"/>All,<emph.end type="italics"/> or what other Centre <lb/>would you find for the World, to which the whole Terrene <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg60"></arrow.to.target><lb/>Globe, being thence removed, would &longs;eek to return, that &longs;o the <lb/>rea&longs;on of the <emph type="italics"/>Whole<emph.end type="italics"/> might be like to that of its <emph type="italics"/>parts<emph.end type="italics"/>? </s>
<s>It may be <lb/>added, That neither <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> nor you can ever prove, that the <lb/>Earth <emph type="italics"/>de facto<emph.end type="italics"/> is in the centre of the Univer&longs;e; but if any Centre <pb pagenum="22"/><arrow.to.target n="marg61"></arrow.to.target><lb/>may be a&longs;ligned to the Univer&longs;e, we &longs;hall rather find the Sun <lb/>placed in it, as by the &longs;equel you &longs;hall under&longs;tand.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg59"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>It is que&longs;tionable <lb/>whether de&longs;cending <lb/>weights move in a <lb/>right line.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg60"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The Earth speri­<lb/>cal by the con&longs;pi­<lb/>ration of its parts <lb/>to its Centre.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg61"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The Sun more pro­<lb/>bably in the centre <lb/>of the Vniver&longs;e, <lb/>than the Earth.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>Now, like as from the con&longs;entaneous con&longs;piration of all the <lb/>parts of the Earth to form its whole, doth follow, that they with <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg62"></arrow.to.target><lb/>equal inclination concurr thither from all parts; and to unite <lb/>them&longs;elves as much as is po&longs;&longs;ible together, they there &longs;phelically <lb/>adapt them&longs;elves; why may we not believe that the Sun, Moon, <lb/>and other mundane Bodies, be al&longs;o of a round figure, not by o­<lb/>ther than a concordant in&longs;tinct, and natural concour&longs;e of all the <lb/>parts compo&longs;ing them? </s>
<s>Of which, if any, at any time, by any <lb/>violence were &longs;eparated from the whole, is it not rea&longs;onable to <lb/>think, that they would &longs;pontaneou&longs;ly and by natural in&longs;tinct re­<lb/>turn? </s>
<s>and in this manner to infer, that the right motion agreeth <lb/>with all mundane bodies alike.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg62"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Natural inclina­<lb/>tion of the parts of <lb/>all the globes of <lb/>the World to go to <lb/>their centre.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. Certainly, if you in this manner deny not onely the <lb/>Principles of Sciences, but manife&longs;t Experience, and the Sen&longs;es <lb/>them&longs;elves, you can never be convinced or removed from any o­<lb/>pinion which you once conceit, therefore I will choo&longs;e rather to <lb/>be &longs;ilent (for, <emph type="italics"/>contra negantes principia non e&longs;t di&longs;putandum<emph.end type="italics"/>) <lb/>than contend with you. </s>
<s>And in&longs;i&longs;ting on the things alledged by <lb/>you even now (&longs;ince you que&longs;tion &longs;o much as whether grave move­<lb/>ables have a right motion or no) how can you ever rationally de­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg63"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ny, that the parts of the Earth; or, if you will, that ponderous <lb/>matters de&longs;cend towards the Centre, with a right motion; when­<lb/>as, if from a very high Tower, who&longs;e walls are vcry upright and <lb/>perpendicular, you let them fall, they &longs;hall de&longs;cend gliding and <lb/>&longs;liding by the Tower to the Earth, exactly in that very place <lb/>where a plummet would fall, being hanged by a line fa&longs;tned above, <lb/>ju&longs;t there, whence the &longs;aid weights were let fall? </s>
<s>is not this a <lb/>more than evident argument of the motions being right, and to­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg64"></arrow.to.target><lb/>wards the Centre? </s>
<s>In the &longs;econd place you call in doubt, whe­<lb/>ther the parts of the Earth are moved, as <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> affirms, to­<lb/>wards the Centre of the World; as if he had not rationally de­<lb/>mon&longs;trated it by contrary motions, whil&longs;t he thus argueth; The <lb/>motion of heavie bodies is contrary to that of the light: but the <lb/>motion of the light is manife&longs;t to be directly upwards, namely, <lb/>towards the circumference of the World, therefore the motion of <lb/>the heavie is directly towards the Centre of the World: and it <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg65"></arrow.to.target><lb/>happens <emph type="italics"/>per accidens,<emph.end type="italics"/> that it be towards the centre of the Earth, <lb/>for that this &longs;triveth to be united to that. </s>
<s>The &longs;eeking in the <lb/>next place, what a part of the Globe of the Sun or Moon would <lb/>do, were it &longs;eparated from its whole, is vanity; becau&longs;e that there­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg66"></arrow.to.target><lb/>by that is &longs;ought, which would be the con&longs;equence of an impo&longs;&longs;i­<lb/>bility; in regard that, as <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> al&longs;o demon&longs;trates, the cœle&longs;tial <lb/>bodies are impa&longs;&longs;ible, impenetrable, and infrangible; &longs;o that &longs;uch <pb pagenum="23"/>a ca&longs;e can never happen: and though it &longs;hould, and that the &longs;e­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg67"></arrow.to.target><lb/>parated part &longs;hould return to its whole, it would not return as <lb/>grave or light, for that the &longs;ame <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> proveth, that the Cœ­<lb/>le&longs;tial Bodies are neither heavie nor light.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg63"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The right motion <lb/>of grave bodies <lb/>manife&longs;t to &longs;en&longs;e.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg64"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Arguments of<emph.end type="italics"/> A­<lb/>ri&longs;totle, <emph type="italics"/>to prove <lb/>that grave bodies <lb/>move with an in­<lb/>clination to arrive <lb/>at the centre of the <lb/>Vniver&longs;e.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg65"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Heavie bodies <lb/>move towards the <lb/>centre of the Earth<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>per accidens.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg66"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>To &longs;eek what <lb/>would follow upon <lb/>an impo&longs;&longs;ibility, is <lb/>folly.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg67"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Cœle&longs;tial bodies <lb/>neither heavie nor <lb/>light, according to<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>Ari&longs;totle.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>With what rea&longs;on I doubt, whether grave bodies move <lb/>by a right and perpendicular line, you &longs;hall hear, as I &longs;aid be­<lb/>fore, when I &longs;hall examine this particular argument. </s>
<s>Touching <lb/>the &longs;econd point, I wonder that you &longs;hould need to di&longs;cover the <lb/><emph type="italics"/>Paralogi&longs;m<emph.end type="italics"/> of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> being of it &longs;elf &longs;o manife&longs;t; and that <lb/>you perceive not, that <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;uppo&longs;eth that which is in que&longs;ti­<lb/>on: therefore take notice.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>Pray <emph type="italics"/>Salviatus<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;peak with more re&longs;pect of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/>: <lb/>for who can you ever per&longs;wade, that he who was the fir&longs;t, only, <lb/>and admirable explainer of the <emph type="italics"/>Syllogi&longs;tick<emph.end type="italics"/> forms of demon&longs;tration, <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg68"></arrow.to.target><lb/>of <emph type="italics"/>Elenchs,<emph.end type="italics"/> of the manner of di&longs;covering <emph type="italics"/>Sophi&longs;ms, Paralogi&longs;ms,<emph.end type="italics"/> and <lb/>in &longs;hort, of all the parts of <emph type="italics"/>Logick,<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;hould afterwards &longs;o notoriou&longs;ly <lb/>equivocate in impo&longs;ing that for known, which is in que&longs;tion? </s>
<s>It <lb/>would be better, my Ma&longs;ters, fir&longs;t perfectly to under&longs;tand him, <lb/>and then to try, if you have a minde, to oppo&longs;e him.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg68"></margin.target>Ari&longs;totle <emph type="italics"/>cannot e­<lb/>quivocate, being <lb/>the inventer of<emph.end type="italics"/> Lo­<lb/>gick.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> we are here familiarly di&longs;cour&longs;ing among <lb/>our &longs;elves, to inve&longs;tigate &longs;ome truth; I &longs;hall not be di&longs;plea&longs;ed <lb/>that you di&longs;cover my errors; and if I do not follow the mind of <lb/><emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> freely reprehend me, and I &longs;hall take it in good part. <lb/></s>
<s>Onely give me leave to expound my doubts, and to reply &longs;ome­<lb/>thing to your la&longs;t words, telling you, that <emph type="italics"/>Logick,<emph.end type="italics"/> as it is well <lb/>under&longs;tood, is the Organe with which we philo&longs;ophate; but as it <lb/>may be po&longs;&longs;ible, that an Arti&longs;t may be excellent in making Or­<lb/>gans, but unlearned in playing on them, thus he might be a great <lb/>Logician, but unexpert in making u&longs;e of <emph type="italics"/>Logick<emph.end type="italics"/>; like as we have <lb/>many that theorically under&longs;tand the whole Art of Poetry, and <lb/>yet are unfortunate in compo&longs;ing but meer four Ver&longs;es; others <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg69"></arrow.to.target><lb/>enjoy all the precepts of <emph type="italics"/>Vinci<emph.end type="italics"/>^{*}, and yet know not how to paint <lb/>a Stoole. </s>
<s>The playing on the Organs is not taught by them who <lb/>know how to make Organs, but by him that knows how to play <lb/>on them: Poetry is learnt by continual reading of Poets: Limn­<lb/>ing is learnt by continual painting and de&longs;igning: Demon&longs;tration <lb/>from the reading of Books full of demon&longs;trations, which are the <lb/>Mathematical onely, and not the Logical. </s>
<s>Now returning to our <lb/>purpo&longs;e, I &longs;ay, that that which <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;eeth of the motion of <lb/>light bodies, is the departing of the Fire from any part of the <lb/>Superficies of the Terre&longs;trial Globe, and directly retreating from <lb/>it, mounting upwards; and this indeed is to move towards a <lb/>circumference greater than that of the Earth; yea, the &longs;ame <emph type="italics"/>A­<lb/>ri&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> makes it to move to the concave of the Moon, but that <lb/>this circumference is that of the World, or concentrick to it, &longs;o <pb pagenum="24"/>that to move towards this, is a moving towards that of the World, <lb/>that he cannot affirm, unle&longs;s he &longs;uppo&longs;eth, That the Centre of the <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg70"></arrow.to.target><lb/>Earth, from which we &longs;ee the&longs;e light a&longs;cendent bodies to depart, <lb/>be the &longs;ame with the Centre of the World; which is as much as <lb/>to &longs;ay, that the terre&longs;trial Globe is con&longs;tituted in the mid&longs;t of the <lb/>World: which is yet that of which we were in doubt, and which <lb/><emph type="italics"/>Aristotle<emph.end type="italics"/> intended to prove. </s>
<s>And do you &longs;ay that this is not a <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg71"></arrow.to.target><lb/>manife&longs;t <emph type="italics"/>Paralogi&longs;m<emph.end type="italics"/>?</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg69"></margin.target>* A famous <emph type="italics"/>Italian<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>Painter.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg70"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Paralogi&longs;m of<emph.end type="italics"/> A­<lb/>ri&longs;totle, <emph type="italics"/>in proving <lb/>the Earth to be in <lb/>the Centre of the <lb/>World.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg71"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The Paralogi&longs;me <lb/>of<emph.end type="italics"/> Ari&longs;totle <emph type="italics"/>another <lb/>way di&longs;covered.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>This Argument of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> appeared to me deficient <lb/>al&longs;o, and <emph type="italics"/>non<emph.end type="italics"/>-concludent for another re&longs;pect; though it were <lb/>granted, that that Circumference, to which the Fire directly mo­<lb/>veth, be that which includeth the World: for that in a circle, <lb/>not onely the centre, but any other point being taken, every move­<lb/>able which departing thence, &longs;hall move in a right line, and to­<lb/>wards any what&longs;oever part, &longs;hall without any doubt go towards <lb/>the circumference, and continuing the motion, &longs;hall al&longs;o arrive <lb/>thither; &longs;o that we may truly &longs;ay, that it moveth towards the <lb/>circumference: but yet it doth not follow, that that which mo­<lb/>veth by the &longs;ame line with a contrary motion, would go towards <lb/>the centre, unle&longs;s when the point taken were the centre it &longs;elf, <lb/>or that the motion were made by that onely line, which produced <lb/>from the point a&longs;&longs;igned, pa&longs;&longs;eth thorow the centre. </s>
<s>So that to <lb/>&longs;ay, that Fire moving in a right line, goeth towards the circumfe­<lb/>rence of the World, therefore the parts of the Earth which by <lb/>the &longs;ame lines move with a contrary motion, go towards the cen­<lb/>tre of the World, concludeth not, unle&longs;s then when it is pre­<lb/>&longs;uppo&longs;ed, that the lines of the Fire prolonged pa&longs;s by the centre <lb/>of the World; and becau&longs;e we know certainly of them, that they <lb/>pa&longs;s by the centre of the Terre&longs;trial Globe (being perpendicu­<lb/>lar to its &longs;uperficies, and not inclined) therefore to conclude, it <lb/>mu&longs;t be &longs;uppo&longs;ed, that the centre of the Earth is the &longs;ame with <lb/>the centre of the World; or at lea&longs;t, that the parts of the Fire <lb/>and Earth de&longs;cend not, &longs;ave onely by one &longs;ole line which pa&longs;&longs;eth <lb/>by the centre of the World. </s>
<s>Which neverthele&longs;s is fal&longs;e, and re­<lb/>pugnant to experience, which &longs;heweth us, that the parts of <lb/>Fire, not by one line onely, but by infinite, produced from the <lb/>centre of the Earth towards all the parts of the World, a&longs;cend <lb/>always by lines perpendicular to the Superficies of the Terre&longs;tri­<lb/>al Globe.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>You do very ingeniou&longs;ly lead <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> to the &longs;ame in­<lb/>convenience, <emph type="italics"/>Sagredus,<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;hewing his manife&longs;t equivoke; but <lb/>withal you add another incon&longs;i&longs;tency. </s>
<s>We &longs;ee the Earth to be <lb/>&longs;pherical, and therefore are certain that it hath its centre, to which <lb/>we &longs;ee all its parts are moved; for &longs;o we mu&longs;t &longs;ay, whil&longs;t their <lb/>motions are all perpendicular to the Superficies of the Earth; we <pb pagenum="25"/>mean, that as they move to the centre of the Earth, they move to <lb/>their <emph type="italics"/>Whole,<emph.end type="italics"/> and to their Univer&longs;al Mother: and we are &longs;till far­<lb/>ther &longs;o free, that we will &longs;uffer our &longs;elves to be per&longs;waded, that <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg72"></arrow.to.target><lb/>their natural in&longs;tinct is, not to go towards the centre of the Earth, <lb/>but towards that of the Univer&longs;e; which we know not where to <lb/>find, or whether it be or no; and were it granted to be, it is but <lb/>an imaginary point, and a nothing without any quality. </s>
<s>As to <lb/>what <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;aid la&longs;t, that the contending whether the parts <lb/>of the Sun, Moon, or other cœle&longs;tial Body, &longs;eparated from their <lb/><emph type="italics"/>Whole,<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;hould naturally return to it, is a vanity, for that the ca&longs;e <lb/>is impo&longs;&longs;ible; it being clear by the Demon&longs;trations of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>that the cœle&longs;tial Bodies are impa&longs;&longs;ible, impenetrable, unparta­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg73"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ble, <emph type="italics"/>&c.<emph.end type="italics"/> I an&longs;wer, that none of the conditions, whereby <emph type="italics"/>Aristo­<lb/>tle<emph.end type="italics"/> di&longs;tingui&longs;heth the Cœle&longs;tial Bodies from Elementary, hath o­<lb/>ther foundation than what he deduceth from the diver&longs;ity of the <lb/>natural motion of tho&longs;e and the&longs;e; in&longs;omuch that it being deni­<lb/>ed, that the circular motion is peculiar to Cœle&longs;tial Bodies, and <lb/>affirmed, that it is agreeable to all Bodies naturally moveable, it <lb/>is behoofull upon nece&longs;&longs;ary con&longs;equence to &longs;ay, either that the <lb/>attributes of generable, or ingenerable, alterable, or unalterable, <lb/>partable, or unpartable, <emph type="italics"/>&c.<emph.end type="italics"/> equally and commonly agree with <lb/>all worldly bodies, namely, as well to the Cœle&longs;tial as to the E­<lb/>lementary; or that <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> hath badly and erroneou&longs;ly dedu­<lb/>ced tho&longs;e from the circular motion, which he hath a&longs;&longs;igned to Cœ­<lb/>le&longs;tial Bodies.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg72"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Grave bodies may <lb/>more rationally be <lb/>affirmed to tend to <lb/>the Centre of the <lb/>Earth, than of the <lb/>Vniver&longs;e.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg73"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The conditions and <lb/>attributes which <lb/>differ the cœle&longs;tial <lb/>bodies from Ele­<lb/>mentary, depend on <lb/>the motions a&longs;&longs;ign­<lb/>ed them by<emph.end type="italics"/> Ari&longs;t.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>This manner of argumentation tends to the &longs;ubver&longs;i­<lb/>on of all Natural Philo&longs;ophy, and to the di&longs;order and &longs;ubver&longs;ion <lb/>of Heaven and Earth, and the whole Univer&longs;e; but I believe the <lb/>Fundamentals of the <emph type="italics"/>Peripateticks<emph.end type="italics"/> are &longs;uch, that we need not <lb/>fear that new Sciences can be erected upon their ruines.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>Take no thought in this place for Heaven or the Earth, <lb/>neither fear their &longs;ubver&longs;ion, or the ruine of Philo&longs;ophy. </s>
<s>As to <lb/>Heaven, your fears are vain for that which you your &longs;elf hold <lb/>unalterable and impa&longs;&longs;ible; as for the Earth, we &longs;trive to enoble <lb/>and perfect it, whil&longs;t we make it like to the Cœle&longs;tial Bodies, <lb/>and as it were place it in Heaven, whence your Philo&longs;ophers have <lb/>exiled it. </s>
<s>Philo&longs;ophy it &longs;elf cannot but receive benefit from our <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg74"></arrow.to.target><lb/>Di&longs;putes, for if our conceptions prove true, new Di&longs;coveries will <lb/>be made; if fal&longs;e, the fir&longs;t Doctrine will be more confirmed. <lb/></s>
<s>Rather be&longs;tow your care upon &longs;ome Philo&longs;ophers, and help and <lb/>defend them; for as to the Science it &longs;elf, it cannot but improve. <lb/></s>
<s>And that we may return to our purpo&longs;e, be plea&longs;ed freely to pro­<lb/>duce what pre&longs;ents it &longs;elf to you in confirmation of that great dif­<lb/>ference which <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> puts between the Cœle&longs;tial Bodies, and <lb/>the Elementary parts of the World, in making tho&longs;e ingenerable, <pb pagenum="26"/>incorruptible, unalterable, <emph type="italics"/>&c.<emph.end type="italics"/> and this corruptible, alterable, <emph type="italics"/>&c.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg74"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The di&longs;putes and <lb/>contradictions of <lb/>Philo&longs;ophers may <lb/>conduce to the <lb/>benefit of Philo&longs;o­<lb/>phy.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>I &longs;ee not yet any need that <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> hath of help, <lb/>&longs;tanding as he doth &longs;toutly and &longs;trongly on his feet; yea not be­<lb/>ing yet a&longs;&longs;aulted, much le&longs;s foiled by you. </s>
<s>And what ward will <lb/>you choo&longs;e in this combate for this fir&longs;t blow? <emph type="italics"/>Aristotle<emph.end type="italics"/> writeth, <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg75"></arrow.to.target><lb/>that whatever is generated, is made out of a contrary in &longs;ome <lb/>&longs;ubject, and likewi&longs;e is corrupted in &longs;ome certain &longs;ubject from a <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg76"></arrow.to.target><lb/>contrary into a contrary; &longs;o that (ob&longs;erve) corruption and ge­<lb/>neration is never but onely in contraries; If therefore to a Cœ­<lb/>le&longs;tial Body no contrary can be a&longs;&longs;igned, for that to the circular <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg77"></arrow.to.target><lb/>motion no other motion is contrary, then Nature hath done very <lb/>well to make that exempt from contraries, which was to be in­<lb/>generable and incorruptible, This fundamental fir&longs;t confirmed, <lb/>it immediately followeth of con&longs;equence, that it is inaugmenta­<lb/>ble, inalterable, impa&longs;&longs;ible, and finally eternal, and a propor­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg78"></arrow.to.target><lb/>tionate habitation to the immortal Deities, conformable to the <lb/>opinion even of all men that have any conceit of the Gods. </s>
<s>He <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg79"></arrow.to.target><lb/>afterwards confirmeth the &longs;ame by &longs;en&longs;e; in regard, that in all <lb/>times pa&longs;t, according to memory or tradition, we &longs;ee nothing re­<lb/>moved, according to the whole outward Heaven, nor any of its <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg80"></arrow.to.target><lb/>proper parts. </s>
<s>Next, as to the circular motion, that no other is <lb/>contrary to it, <emph type="italics"/>Aristotle<emph.end type="italics"/> proveth many ways; but without reci­<lb/>ting them all, it is &longs;ufficiently demon&longs;trated, &longs;ince fimple motions <lb/>are but three, to the <emph type="italics"/>medium,<emph.end type="italics"/> from the <emph type="italics"/>medium,<emph.end type="italics"/> and about the <lb/><emph type="italics"/>medium,<emph.end type="italics"/> of which the two right, <emph type="italics"/>&longs;ur&longs;um<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>deor&longs;um,<emph.end type="italics"/> are mani­<lb/>fe&longs;tly contrary; and becau&longs;e one onely hath onely one for con­<lb/>trary, therefore there re&longs;ts no other motion which may be contra­<lb/>ry to the circular. </s>
<s>You &longs;ee the &longs;ubtle and mo&longs;t concluding di&longs;­<lb/>cour&longs;e of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> whereby he proveth the incorruptibility of <lb/>Heaven.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg75"></margin.target>Ari&longs;totles <emph type="italics"/>di&longs;cour&longs;e <lb/>to prove the incor­<lb/>ruptibility of Hea­<lb/>ven.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg76"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Generation & cor­<lb/>ruption is onely a­<lb/>mong&longs;t contraries, <lb/>according to<emph.end type="italics"/> Ari&longs;t.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg77"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>To the circular <lb/>motion no other <lb/>motion is contrary.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg78"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Heaven an habi­<lb/>tation for the imm­<lb/>ortal Gods.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg79"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Immutability of <lb/>Heaven evident to <lb/>&longs;ex&longs;e.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg80"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>He proveth that <lb/>the circular motion <lb/>hath no contrary.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>This is nothing more, &longs;ave the pure progre&longs;s of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;to­<lb/>tle,<emph.end type="italics"/> by me hinted before; wherein, be&longs;ides that I affirm, that the <lb/>motion which you attribute to the Cœle&longs;tial Bodies agreeth al&longs;o <lb/>to the Earth, its illation proves nothing. </s>
<s>I tell you therefore, <lb/>that that circular motion which you a&longs;&longs;ign to Cœle&longs;tial Bodies, <lb/>&longs;uiteth al&longs;o to the Earth, from which, &longs;uppo&longs;ing that the re&longs;t of <lb/>your di&longs;cour&longs;e were concludent, will follow one of the&longs;e three <lb/>things, as I told you a little before, and &longs;hall repeat; namely, <lb/>either that the Earth it &longs;elf is al&longs;o ingenerable, and incorruptible, <lb/>as the Cœle&longs;tial bodies; or that the Cœle&longs;tial bodies are, like as <lb/>the Elementary generable, alterable &c. </s>
<s>or that this difference of <lb/>motion hath nothing to do with Generation and Corruption. <lb/></s>
<s>The di&longs;cour&longs;e of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> and yours al&longs;o contain many Propo&longs;i­<lb/>tions not to be lightly admitted, and the better to examine them, <lb/>it will be convenient to reduce them to the mo&longs;t ab&longs;tracted and <pb pagenum="27"/>di&longs;tinct that can be po&longs;&longs;ible; and excu&longs;e me <emph type="italics"/>Sagredus,<emph.end type="italics"/> if haply <lb/>with &longs;ome tediou&longs;ne&longs;s you hear me oft repeat the &longs;ame things, <lb/>and fancie that you &longs;ee me rea&longs;&longs;ume my argument in the pub­<lb/>lick circle of Di&longs;putations. </s>
<s>You &longs;ay Generation and Corrupti­<lb/>on are onely made where there are contraries; contraries <lb/>are onely among&longs;t &longs;imple natural bodies, moveable with contrary <lb/>motions; contrary motions are onely tho&longs;e which are made by <lb/>a right line between contrary terms; and the&longs;e are onely two, <lb/>that is to &longs;ay, from the <emph type="italics"/>medium,<emph.end type="italics"/> and towards the <emph type="italics"/>medium<emph.end type="italics"/>; and <lb/>&longs;uch motions belong to no other natural bodies, but to the <emph type="italics"/>Earth,<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>the <emph type="italics"/>Fire,<emph.end type="italics"/> and the other two Elements: therefore Generation <lb/>and Corruption is onely among&longs;t the Elements. </s>
<s>And becau&longs;e <lb/>the third &longs;imple motion, namely, the circular about the <emph type="italics"/>medium,<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>hath no contrary, (for that the other two are contraries, and one <lb/>onely, hath but onely one contrary) therefore that natural body <lb/>with which &longs;uch motion agreeth, wants a contrary; and having <lb/>no contrary is ingenerable and incorruptible, &c. </s>
<s>Becau&longs;e where <lb/>there is no contrariety, there is no generation or corruption, <emph type="italics"/>&c.<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>But &longs;uch motion agreeth onely with the Cœle&longs;tial bodies; there­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg81"></arrow.to.target><lb/>fore onely the&longs;e are ingenerable, incorruptible, <emph type="italics"/>&c.<emph.end type="italics"/> And to <lb/>begin, I think it a more ea&longs;ie thing, and &longs;ooner done to re&longs;olve, <lb/>whether the Earth (a mo&longs;t va&longs;t Body, and for its vicinity to us, <lb/>mo&longs;t tractable) moveth with a &longs;peedy motion, &longs;uch as its revo­<lb/>lution about its own axis in twenty four hours would be, than it <lb/>is to under&longs;tand and re&longs;olve, whether Generation and Corruption <lb/>ari&longs;eth from contrariety, or el&longs;e whether there be &longs;uch things as <lb/>generation, corruption and contrariety in nature. </s>
<s>And if you, <lb/><emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> can tell me what method Nature ob&longs;erves in working, <lb/>when &longs;he in a very &longs;hort time begets an infinite number of flies <lb/>from a little vapour of the Mu&longs;t of wine, and can &longs;hew me which <lb/>are there the contraries you &longs;peak of, what it is that corrupteth, <lb/>and how; I &longs;hould think you would do more than I can; for I <lb/>profe&longs;s I cannot comprehend the&longs;e things. </s>
<s>Be&longs;ides, I would ve­<lb/>ry gladly under&longs;tand how, and why the&longs;e corruptive contraries are <lb/>&longs;o favourable to Daws, and &longs;o cruel to Doves; &longs;o indulgent to <lb/>Stags, and &longs;o ha&longs;ty to Hor&longs;es, that they do grant to them many <lb/>more years of life, that is, of incorruptibility, than weeks to the&longs;e. <lb/></s>
<s>Peaches and Olives are planted in the &longs;ame &longs;oil, expo&longs;ed to the <lb/>&longs;ame heat and cold, to the &longs;ame wind and rains, and, in a word, <lb/>to the &longs;ame contrarieties; and yet tho&longs;e decay in a &longs;hort time, <lb/>and the&longs;e live many hundred years. </s>
<s>Furthermore, I never was <lb/>thorowly &longs;atisfied about this &longs;ub&longs;tantial tran&longs;mutation (&longs;till keep­<lb/>ing within pure natural bounds) whereby a matter becometh &longs;o <lb/>transform'd, that it &longs;hould be nece&longs;&longs;arily &longs;aid to be de&longs;troy'd, &longs;o <lb/>that nothing remaineth of its fir&longs;t being, and that another body <pb pagenum="28"/><arrow.to.target n="marg82"></arrow.to.target><lb/>quite differing there-from &longs;hould be thence produced; and if I <lb/>fancy to my &longs;elf a body under one a&longs;pect, and by and by under <lb/>another very different, I cannot think it impo&longs;&longs;ible but that it may <lb/>happen by a &longs;imple tran&longs;po&longs;ition of parts, without corrupting or <lb/>ingendring any thing a-new; for we &longs;ee &longs;uch kinds of Metamor­<lb/>pho&longs;es dayly: &longs;o that to return to my purpo&longs;e, I an&longs;wer you, <lb/>that ina&longs;much as you go about to per&longs;wade me that the Earth can <lb/>not move circularly by way of corruptibility and generability, <lb/>you have undertook a much harder task than I, that with argu­<lb/>ments more difficult indeed, but no le&longs;s concluding, will prove <lb/>the contrary.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg81"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Its ea&longs;ier to prove <lb/>the Earth to move, <lb/>than that corrupti­<lb/>on is made by con­<lb/>traries.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg82"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Bare tran&longs;po&longs;ition <lb/>of parts may repre­<lb/>&longs;ent bodies under <lb/>diver&longs;e asp cts.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>Pardon me, <emph type="italics"/>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"/> if I interrupt your di&longs;cour&longs;e, <lb/>which, as it delights me much, for that I al&longs;o am gravel'd with <lb/>the &longs;ame doubts; &longs;o I fear that you can never conclude the &longs;ame, <lb/>without altogether digre&longs;&longs;ing from your chief de&longs;ign: therefore <lb/>if it be permitted to proceed in our fir&longs;t argument, I &longs;hould think <lb/>that it were convenient to remit this que&longs;tion of generation and <lb/>corruption to another di&longs;tinct and &longs;ingle conference; as al&longs;o, if <lb/>it &longs;hall plea&longs;e you and <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> we may do by other particular <lb/>que&longs;tions which may fall in the way of our di&longs;cour&longs;e; which I <lb/>will keep in my mind to propo&longs;e, and exactly di&longs;cu&longs;s them &longs;ome <lb/>other time. </s>
<s>Now as for the pre&longs;ent, &longs;ince you &longs;ay, that if <emph type="italics"/>Ari­<lb/>&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> deny circular motion to the Earth in common with other <lb/>bodies Cœle&longs;tial, it chence will follow, that the &longs;ame which be­<lb/>falleth the Earth, <gap/> to ito being generable, alterable, <emph type="italics"/>&c.<emph.end type="italics"/> will <lb/>hold al&longs;o of Heaven, let us enquire no further if there be &longs;uch <lb/>things in nature, as generation and corruption, or not; but let <lb/>us return to enquire what the Globe of the Earth doth.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>I cannot &longs;uffer my ears to hear it que&longs;tion'd, whether <lb/>generation and corruption be in <emph type="italics"/>rerum naturà,<emph.end type="italics"/> it being a thing <lb/>which we have continually before our eyes, and whereof <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg83"></arrow.to.target><lb/>hath written two whole Books. </s>
<s>But if you go about to deny the <lb/>Principles of Sciences, and que&longs;tion things mo&longs;t manife&longs;t, who <lb/>knows not, but that you may prove what you will, and maintain <lb/>any <emph type="italics"/>Paradox<emph.end type="italics"/>? </s>
<s>And if you do not dayly &longs;ee herbs, plants, ani­<lb/>mals to generate and corrupt, what is it that you do &longs;ee? </s>
<s>Al&longs;o, <lb/>do you not continually behold contrarieties contend together, <lb/>and the Earth change into Water, the Water turn to Air, the <lb/>Air into Fire, and again the Air to conden&longs;e into Clouds, Rains, <lb/>Hails and Storms?</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg83"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>By denying Prin­<lb/>ciples in the Scien­<lb/>ces, any Paradox <lb/>may be maintain­<lb/>ed.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. Yes, we &longs;ee the&longs;e things indeed, and therefore will <lb/>grant you the di&longs;cour&longs;e of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> as to this part of generation <lb/>and corruption made by contraries; but if I &longs;hall conclude by <lb/>virtue of the &longs;ame propo&longs;itions which are granted to <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>that the Cœle&longs;tial bodies them&longs;elves are al&longs;o generable and cor­<pb pagenum="29"/>ruptible, a&longs;well as the Elementary, what will you &longs;ay then?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>I will &longs;ay you have done that which is impo&longs;&longs;ible to <lb/>be done.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>Go to; tell me, <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> are not the&longs;e affections <lb/>contrary to one another?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. Which?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>Why the&longs;e; Alterable, unalterable; pa&longs;&longs;ible, ^{*} impa&longs;­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg84"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;ible; generable, ingenerable; corruptible, incorruptible?</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg84"></margin.target>* <emph type="italics"/>Or,<emph.end type="italics"/> Impatible.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>They are mo&longs;t contrary.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>Well then, if this be true, and it be al&longs;o granted, <lb/>that Cœle&longs;tial Bodies are ingenerable and incorruptible; I prove <lb/>that of nece&longs;&longs;ity Cœle&longs;tial Bodies mu&longs;t be generable and corru­<lb/>ptible.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>This mu&longs;t needs be a <emph type="italics"/>Sophi&longs;m.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>Hear my Argument, and then cen&longs;ure and re&longs;olve it. <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg85"></arrow.to.target><lb/>Cœle&longs;tial Bodies, for that they are ingenerable and incorruptible, <lb/>have in Nature their contraries, which are tho&longs;e Bodies that be <lb/>generable and corruptible; but where there is contrariety, there <lb/>is al&longs;o generation and corruption; therefore Cœle&longs;tial Bodies are <lb/>generable and corruptible.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg85"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Cœlestial Bodies <lb/>are generable and <lb/>corruptible, be­<lb/>cau&longs;e they are in­<lb/>generable and in­<lb/>corruptible.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>Did I not &longs;ay it could be no other than a <emph type="italics"/>Sophi&longs;m<emph.end type="italics"/>? <lb/></s>
<s>This is one of tho&longs;e forked Arguments called <emph type="italics"/>Soritæ<emph.end type="italics"/>: like that <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg86"></arrow.to.target><lb/>of the <emph type="italics"/>Cretan,<emph.end type="italics"/> who &longs;aid that all <emph type="italics"/>Cretans<emph.end type="italics"/> were lyars; but he as <lb/>being a <emph type="italics"/>Cretan,<emph.end type="italics"/> had told a lye, in &longs;aying that the <emph type="italics"/>Cretans<emph.end type="italics"/> were ly­<lb/>ars; it followed therefore, that the <emph type="italics"/>Cretans<emph.end type="italics"/> were no lyars, and <lb/>con&longs;equently that he, as being a <emph type="italics"/>Cretan,<emph.end type="italics"/> had &longs;poke truth: And <lb/>yet in &longs;aying the <emph type="italics"/>Cretans<emph.end type="italics"/> were lyars, he had &longs;aid true, and com­<lb/>prehending him&longs;elf as a <emph type="italics"/>Cretan,<emph.end type="italics"/> he mu&longs;t con&longs;equently be a lyar. <lb/></s>
<s>And thus in the&longs;e kinds of <emph type="italics"/>Sophi&longs;ms<emph.end type="italics"/> a man may dwell to eternity, <lb/>and never come to any conclu&longs;ion.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg86"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The forked Syllo­<lb/>gi&longs;m cal'd<emph.end type="italics"/> <foreign lang="greek">*cwri/h<gap/>hs.</foreign></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>You have hitherto cen&longs;ured it, it remaineth now that <lb/>you an&longs;wer it, &longs;hewing the fallacie.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>As to the re&longs;olving of it, and finding out its fallacie, <lb/>do you not in the fir&longs;t place &longs;ee a manife&longs;t contradiction in it? <lb/></s>
<s>Cœle&longs;tial Bodies are ingenerable and incorruptible; <emph type="italics"/>Ergo,<emph.end type="italics"/> Cœle­<lb/>&longs;tial Bodies are generable and corruptible. </s>
<s>And again, the con­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg87"></arrow.to.target><lb/>trariety is not betwixt the Cœle&longs;tial Bodies, but betwixt the E­<lb/>lements, which have the contrariety of the Motions, <emph type="italics"/>&longs;ur&longs;ùm<emph.end type="italics"/> and <lb/><emph type="italics"/>deor&longs;ùm,<emph.end type="italics"/> and of levity and gravity; But the Heavens which move <lb/>circularly, to which motion no other motion is contrary, want <lb/>contrariety, and therefore they are incorruptible.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg87"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Among&longs;t Cœle&longs;tial <lb/>Bodies there is no <lb/>contrariety.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>Fair and &longs;oftly, <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/>; this contrariety whereby <lb/>you &longs;ay &longs;ome &longs;imple Bodies become corruptible, re&longs;ides it in the <lb/>&longs;ame Body which is corrupted, or el&longs;e hath it relation to &longs;ome o­<lb/>other? </s>
<s>I &longs;ay, for example, the humidity by which a piece of Earth <pb pagenum="30"/>is corrupted, re&longs;ides it in the &longs;ame Earth or in &longs;ome other bodie, <lb/>which mu&longs;t either be the Air or Water? </s>
<s>I believe you will grant, <lb/>that like as the Motions upwards and downwards, and gravity <lb/>and levity, which you make the fir&longs;t contraries, cannot be in the <lb/>&longs;ame Subject, &longs;o neither can moi&longs;t and dry, hot and cold: you <lb/>mu&longs;t therefore con&longs;equently acknowledg that when a bodie cor­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg88"></arrow.to.target><lb/>rupteth, it is occa&longs;ioned by &longs;ome quality re&longs;iding in another con­<lb/>trary to its own: therefore to make the Cœle&longs;tial Body become <lb/>corruptible, it &longs;ufficeth that there are in Nature, bodies that have <lb/>a contrariety to that Cœle&longs;tial body; and &longs;uch are the Elements, <lb/>if it be true that corruptibility be contrary to incorruptibility.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg88"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Contraries which <lb/>are the cau&longs;es of <lb/>corruption, re&longs;ide <lb/>not in the &longs;ame bo­<lb/>dy that corrupteth.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>This &longs;ufficeth not, Sir; The Elements alter and cor­<lb/>rupt, becau&longs;e they are intermixed, and are joyn'd to one another, <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg89"></arrow.to.target><lb/>and &longs;o may exerci&longs;e their contrariety; but Cœle&longs;tial bodies are <lb/>&longs;eparated from the Elements, by which they are not &longs;o much as <lb/>toucht, though indeed they have an influence upon the Elements. <lb/></s>
<s>It is requi&longs;ite, if you will prove generation and corruption in Cœ­<lb/>le&longs;tial bodies, that you &longs;hew, that there re&longs;ides contrarieties be­<lb/>tween them.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg89"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Cœle&longs;tial Bodies <lb/>touch, but are not <lb/>touched by the E­<lb/>lements.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>See how I will find tho&longs;e contrarieties between them. <lb/></s>
<s>The fir&longs;t fountain from whence you derive the contrariety of the <lb/>Elements, is the contrariety of their motions upwards and down­<lb/>wards: it therefore is nece&longs;&longs;ary that tho&longs;e Principles be in like <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg90"></arrow.to.target><lb/>manner contraries to each other, upon which tho&longs;e motions de­<lb/>pend. </s>
<s>and becau&longs;e that is moveable upwards by lightne&longs;s, <lb/>and this downwards by gravitv, it is nece&longs;&longs;ary that lightne&longs;s and <lb/>gravity are contrary to each other: no le&longs;s are we to believe tho&longs;e <lb/>other Principles to be contraries, which are the cau&longs;es that this is <lb/>heavy, and that light: but by your own confe&longs;&longs;ion, levity and <lb/>gravity follow as con&longs;equents of rarity and den&longs;ity; therefore <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg91"></arrow.to.target><lb/>rarity and den&longs;ity &longs;hall be contraries: the which conditions or <lb/>affections are &longs;o amply found in Cœle&longs;tial bodies, that you e­<lb/>&longs;teem the &longs;tars to be onely more den&longs;e parts of their Heaven: <lb/>and if this be &longs;o, it followeth that the den&longs;ity of the &longs;tars exceeds <lb/>that of the re&longs;t of Heaven, by almo&longs;t infinite degrees: <lb/>which is manife&longs;t, in that Heaven is infinitely tran&longs;parent, and <lb/>the &longs;tars extremely opacous; and for that there are there above <lb/>no other qualities, but more and le&longs;s den&longs;ity and rarity, which <lb/>may be cau&longs;es of the greater or le&longs;s tran&longs;parency. </s>
<s>There being <lb/>then &longs;uch contrariety between the Cœleftial bodies, it is nece&longs;&longs;ary <lb/>that they al&longs;o be generable and corruptible, in the &longs;ame manner <lb/>as the Elementary bodies are; or el&longs;e that contrariety is not the <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg92"></arrow.to.target><lb/>cau&longs;e of corruptibility, <emph type="italics"/>&c.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg90"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Gravity & levity, <lb/>varity and den&longs;ity, <lb/>are contrary qua­<lb/>lities.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg91"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The &longs;tars infinitely <lb/>&longs;urpa&longs;s the &longs;ub­<lb/>&longs;tance of the re&longs;t of <lb/>Heaven in den&longs;ity.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg92"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Rarity & den&longs;ity <lb/>in Cœle&longs;tial bodies, <lb/>is different from <lb/>the rarity & den­<lb/>&longs;ity of the elements.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>There is no nece&longs;&longs;ity either of one or the other, for <lb/>that den&longs;ity and rarity in Cœle&longs;tial bodies, are not contraries to <pb pagenum="31"/>each other, as in Elementary bodies; for that they depend not <lb/>on the primary qualities, cold and heat, which are contraries; but <lb/>on the more or le&longs;s matter in proportion to quantity: now much <lb/>and little, &longs;peak onely a relative oppo&longs;ition, that is, the lea&longs;t of <lb/>oppo&longs;itions, and which hath nothing to do with generation and <lb/>corruption.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>Therefore affirming, that den&longs;ity and rarity, which a­<lb/>mong&longs;t the Elements &longs;hould be the cau&longs;e of gravity and levity, <lb/>which may be the cau&longs;es of contrary motions <emph type="italics"/>&longs;ur&longs;ùm<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>deor­<lb/>&longs;ùm,<emph.end type="italics"/> on which, again, dependeth the contrarieties for generation <lb/>and corruption; it &longs;ufficeth not that they be tho&longs;e den&longs;ne&longs;&longs;es and <lb/>rarene&longs;&longs;es which under the &longs;ame quantity, or (if you will) ma&longs;s <lb/>contain much or little matter, but it is nece&longs;&longs;ary that they be den&longs;­<lb/>ne&longs;&longs;es and rarene&longs;&longs;es cau&longs;ed by the primary qualities, hot and <lb/>cold, otherwi&longs;e they would operate nothing at all: but if this be <lb/>&longs;o, <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> hath deceived us, for that he &longs;hould have told it us at <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg93"></arrow.to.target><lb/>fir&longs;t, and &longs;o have left written that tho&longs;e &longs;imple bodies are gene­<lb/>rable and corruptible, that are moveable with &longs;imple motions <lb/>upwards and downwards, dependent on levity and gravity, cau­<lb/>&longs;ed by rarity and den&longs;ity, made by much or little matter, by <lb/>rea&longs;on of heat and cold; and not to have &longs;taid at the &longs;imple mo­<lb/>tion <emph type="italics"/>&longs;ur&longs;ùm<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>deor&longs;ùm<emph.end type="italics"/>: for I a&longs;&longs;ure you that to the making <lb/>of bodies heavy or light, whereby they come to be moved with <lb/>contrary motions, any kind of den&longs;ity and rarity &longs;ufficeth, whe­<lb/>ther it proceed from heat and cold, or what el&longs;e you plea&longs;e; for <lb/>heat and cold have nothing to do in this affair: and you &longs;hall <lb/>upon experiment find, that a red hot iron, which you mu&longs;t grant <lb/>to have heat, weigheth as much, and moves in the &longs;ame manner <lb/>as when it is cold. </s>
<s>But to overpa&longs;s this al&longs;o, how know you but <lb/>that Cœle&longs;tial rarity and den&longs;ity depend on heat and cold?</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg93"></margin.target>Ari&longs;totle <emph type="italics"/>defective <lb/>in a&longs;&longs;igning the <lb/>cau&longs;es why the ele­<lb/>ments are genera­<lb/>ble & corruptible.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>I know it, becau&longs;e tho&longs;e qualities are not among&longs;t <lb/>Cœle&longs;tial bodies, which are neither hot nor cold.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>I &longs;ee we are again going about to engulph our &longs;elves in <lb/>a bottomle&longs;s ocean, where there is no getting to &longs;hore; for this <lb/>is a Navigation without Compa&longs;s, Stars, Oars or Rudder: &longs;o that <lb/>it will follow either that we be forced to pa&longs;s from Shelf to Shelf, <lb/>or run on ground, or to &longs;ail continually in danger of being lo&longs;t. <lb/></s>
<s>Therefore, if according to your advice we &longs;hall proceed in our <lb/>main de&longs;ign, we mu&longs;t of nece&longs;&longs;ity for the pre&longs;ent overpa&longs;s this <lb/>general con&longs;ideration, whether direct motion be nece&longs;&longs;ary in Na­<lb/>ture, and agree with &longs;ome bodies; and come to the particular <lb/>demon&longs;trations, ob&longs;ervations and experiments; propounding in <lb/>the fir&longs;t place all tho&longs;e that have been hitherto alledged by <emph type="italics"/>Ari­<lb/>&longs;totle, Ptolomey,<emph.end type="italics"/> and others, to prove the &longs;tability of the Earth, en­<lb/>deavouring in the next place to an&longs;wer them: and producing in <pb pagenum="32"/>the la&longs;t place, tho&longs;e, by which others may be per&longs;waded, that the <lb/>Earth is no le&longs;s than the Moon, or any other Planet to be num­<lb/>bered among&longs;t natural bodies that move circularly.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>I &longs;hall the more willingly incline to this, in that I am <lb/>better &longs;atisfied with your Architectonical and general di&longs;cour&longs;e, <lb/>than with that of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> for yours convinceth me without the <lb/>lea&longs;t &longs;cruple, and the other at every &longs;tep cro&longs;&longs;eth my way with <lb/>&longs;ome block. </s>
<s>And I &longs;ee no rea&longs;on why <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;hould not be <lb/>pre&longs;ently &longs;atisfied with the Argument you alledg, to prove that <lb/>there can be no &longs;uch thing in nature as a motion by a right line, <lb/>if we do but pre&longs;uppo&longs;e that the parts of the Univer&longs;e are di&longs;po­<lb/>&longs;ed in an excellent con&longs;titution and perfect order.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>Stay a little, good <emph type="italics"/>Sagredus,<emph.end type="italics"/> for ju&longs;t now a way comes <lb/>into my mind, how I may give <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;atisfaction, provided <lb/>that he will not be &longs;o &longs;trictly wedded to every expre&longs;&longs;ion of <emph type="italics"/>A­<lb/>ri&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> as to hold it here&longs;ie to recede in any thing from him. </s>
<s>Nor <lb/>is there any que&longs;tion to be made, but that if we grant the excel­<lb/>lent di&longs;po&longs;ition and perfect order of the parts of the Univer&longs;e, <lb/>as to local &longs;cituation, that then there is no other but the circular <lb/>motion, and re&longs;t; for as to the motion by a right line, I &longs;ee not <lb/>how it can be of u&longs;e for any thing, but to reduce to their natural <lb/>con&longs;titution, &longs;ome integral bodies, that by &longs;ome accident were re­<lb/>mov'd and &longs;eparated from their whole, as we &longs;aid above.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>Let us now con&longs;ider the whole Terre&longs;trial Globe, and enquire <lb/>the be&longs;t we can, whether it, and the other Mundane bodies are to <lb/>con&longs;erve them&longs;elves in their perfect and natural di&longs;po&longs;ition. </s>
<s>It <lb/>is nece&longs;&longs;ary to &longs;ay, either that it re&longs;ts and keeps perpetually im­<lb/>moveable in its place; or el&longs;e that continuing always in its place, <lb/>it revolves in its &longs;elf; or that it turneth about a Centre, moving <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg94"></arrow.to.target><lb/>by the circumference of a circle. </s>
<s>Of which accidents, both <emph type="italics"/>Ari­<lb/>&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Ptolomey,<emph.end type="italics"/> and all their followers &longs;ay, that it hath ever <lb/>ob&longs;erved, and &longs;hall continually keep the fir&longs;t, that is, a perpetual <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg95"></arrow.to.target><lb/>re&longs;t in the &longs;ame place. </s>
<s>Now, why, I pray you, ought they not <lb/>to have &longs;aid, that its natural affection is to re&longs;t immoveable, ra­<lb/>ther than to make natural unto it the motion ^{*} downwards, with <lb/>which motion it never did or &longs;hall move? </s>
<s>And as to the motion <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg96"></arrow.to.target><lb/>by a right line, they mu&longs;t grant us that Nature maketh u&longs;e of it <lb/>to reduce the &longs;mall parts of the Earth, Water, Air, Fire, and every <lb/>other integral Mundane body to their <emph type="italics"/>Whole,<emph.end type="italics"/> when any of them <lb/>by chance are &longs;eparated, and &longs;o tran&longs;ported out of their proper <lb/>place; if al&longs;o haply, &longs;ome circular motion might not be found <lb/>to be more convenient to make this re&longs;titution. </s>
<s>In my judg­<lb/>ment, this primary po&longs;ition an&longs;wers much better, even according <lb/>to <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totles<emph.end type="italics"/> own method, to all the other con&longs;equences, than <lb/>to attribute the &longs;traight motion to be an intrin&longs;ick and natural <pb pagenum="33"/>principle of the Elements. </s>
<s>Which is manife&longs;t, for that if I aske <lb/>the <emph type="italics"/>Peripatetick,<emph.end type="italics"/> if, being of opinion that Cœle&longs;tial bodies are <lb/>incorruptibe and eternal, he believeth that the Terre&longs;tial Globe <lb/>is not &longs;o, but corruptible and mortal, &longs;o that there &longs;hall come a <lb/>time, when the Sun and Moon and other Stars, continuing their <lb/>beings and operations, the Earth &longs;hall not be found in the <lb/>World, but &longs;hall with the re&longs;t of the Elements be de&longs;troyed <lb/>and annihilated, I am certain that he would an&longs;wer me, no: <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg97"></arrow.to.target><lb/>therefore generation and corruption is in the parts and not in the <lb/>whole; and in the parts very &longs;mall and &longs;uperficial, which are, <lb/>as it were, incen&longs;ible in compari&longs;on of the whole ma&longs;&longs;e. </s>
<s>And <lb/>becau&longs;e <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> deduceth generation and corruption from the <lb/>contrariety of &longs;treight motions, let us remit &longs;uch motions to the <lb/>parts, which onely change and decay, and to the whole Globe <lb/>and Sphere of the Elements, let us a&longs;cribe either the circular mo­<lb/>tion, or a perpetual con&longs;i&longs;tance in its proper place: the only <lb/>affections apt for perpetuation, and maintaining of perfect order. <lb/></s>
<s>This which is &longs;poken of the Earth, may be &longs;aid with the &longs;ame <lb/>rea&longs;on of Fire, and of the greate&longs;t part of the Air; to which <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg98"></arrow.to.target><lb/>Elements, the <emph type="italics"/>Peripateticks<emph.end type="italics"/> are forced to a&longs;cribe for intrin&longs;ical <lb/>and natural, a motion wherewith they were never yet moved, <lb/>nor never &longs;hall be; and to call that motion preternatural to them, <lb/>wherewith, if they move at all, they do and ever &longs;hall move. <lb/></s>
<s>This I &longs;ay, becau&longs;e they a&longs;&longs;ign to the Air aud Fire the motion <lb/>upwards, wherewith tho&longs;e Elements were never moved, but <lb/>only &longs;ome parts of them, and tho&longs;e were &longs;o moved onely in or­<lb/>der to the recovery of their perfect con&longs;titution, when they were <lb/>out of their natural places; and on the contrary they call the <lb/>circular motion preternatural to them, though they are thereby <lb/>ince&longs;&longs;antly moved: forgeting, as it &longs;eemeth, what <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> oft in­<lb/>culcateth, that nothing violent can be permanent.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg94"></margin.target>Ari&longs;t. <emph type="italics"/>&<emph.end type="italics"/> Ptolomey <lb/><emph type="italics"/>make the Terre­<lb/>strial Globe immo­<lb/>veable.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg95"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>It is better to &longs;ay, <lb/>that the Terre&longs;tri­<lb/>al Globe naturally <lb/>resteth, than that <lb/>it moveth directly <lb/>downwards.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg96"></margin.target>*The word is, <emph type="italics"/>all' <lb/>ingiù,<emph.end type="italics"/> which the <lb/>Latine ver&longs;ion ren­<lb/>dreth <emph type="italics"/>&longs;ur&longs;ùm,<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>which is quite con­<lb/>trary to the Au­<lb/>thors &longs;en&longs;e.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg97"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Right Motion <lb/>with more rea&longs;on <lb/>attributed to the <lb/>parts, than to the <lb/>whole Elements.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg98"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The Peripateticks <lb/>improperly a&longs;&longs;ign <lb/>tho&longs;e motious to <lb/>the Elements for <lb/>Natural, with <lb/>which they never <lb/>were moved, and <lb/>tho&longs;e for Preter­<lb/>natural with which <lb/>they alwayes are <lb/>moved.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>To all the&longs;e we have very pertinent an&longs;wers, which <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg99"></arrow.to.target><lb/>I for this time omit, that we may come to the more particular <lb/>rea&longs;ons, and &longs;en&longs;ible experiments, which ought in conclu&longs;ion to <lb/>be oppo&longs;ed, as <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;aitn well, to whatever humane rea&longs;on <lb/>can pre&longs;ent us with.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg99"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Sen&longs;ible experi­<lb/>ments to be prefer­<lb/>red to humane <lb/>Arguments.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>What hath been &longs;poken hitherto, &longs;erves to clear up <lb/>unto us which of the two general di&longs;cour&longs;es carrieth with it mo&longs;t <lb/>of probability, I mean that of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> which would per&longs;wade <lb/>us, that the &longs;ublunary bodies are by nature generable, and corru­<lb/>ptible, <emph type="italics"/>&c.<emph.end type="italics"/> and therefore mo&longs;t different from the e&longs;&longs;ence of Cœ­<lb/>leftial bodies, which are impa&longs;&longs;ible, ingenerable, incorruptible, <lb/><emph type="italics"/>&c.<emph.end type="italics"/> drawn from the diver&longs;ity of &longs;imple motions; or el&longs;e this of <lb/><emph type="italics"/>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"/> who &longs;uppo&longs;ing the integral parts of the World to be <lb/>di&longs;po&longs;ed in a perfect con&longs;titution, excludes by nece&longs;&longs;ary confe­<pb pagenum="34"/>quence the right or &longs;traight motion of &longs;imple natural bodies, as <lb/>being of no u&longs;e in nature, and e&longs;teems the Earth it &longs;elf al&longs;o to <lb/>be one of the Cœle&longs;tial bodies adorn'd with all the prerogatives <lb/>that agree with them; which la&longs;t di&longs;cour&longs;e is hitherto much <lb/>more likely, in my judgment, than that other. </s>
<s>Therefore re­<lb/>&longs;olve, <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> to produce all the particular rea&longs;ons, experi­<lb/>ments and ob&longs;ervations, as well Natural as A&longs;tronomical, that <lb/>may &longs;erve to per&longs;wade us that the Earth differeth from the Cœ­<lb/>le&longs;tial bodies, is immoveable, and &longs;ituated in the Centre of the <lb/>World, and what ever el&longs;e excludes its moving like to the Planets, <lb/>as <emph type="italics"/>Jupiter<emph.end type="italics"/> or the <emph type="italics"/>Moon, &c.<emph.end type="italics"/> And <emph type="italics"/>Salviatus<emph.end type="italics"/> will be plea&longs;ed to <lb/>be &longs;o civil as to an&longs;wer to them one by one.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>See here for a beginning, two mo&longs;t convincing Argu­<lb/>ments to demon&longs;trate the Earth to be mo&longs;t different from the <lb/>Cœle&longs;tial bodies. </s>
<s>Fir&longs;t, the bodies that are generable, corru­<lb/>ptible, alterable, <emph type="italics"/>&c.<emph.end type="italics"/> are quite different from tho&longs;e that are in­<lb/>generable, incorruptible, unalterable, <emph type="italics"/>&c.<emph.end type="italics"/> But the Earth is ge­<lb/>nerable, corruptible, alterable, <emph type="italics"/>&c.<emph.end type="italics"/> and the Cœle&longs;tial bodies in­<lb/>generable, incorruptible, unalterable, <emph type="italics"/>&c.<emph.end type="italics"/> Therefore the Earth <lb/>is quite different from the Cœle&longs;tial bodies.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>By your fir&longs;t Argument you &longs;pread the Table with the <lb/>&longs;ame Viands, which but ju&longs;t now with much adoe were voided.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>Hold a little, Sir, and take the re&longs;t along with you, <lb/>and then tell me if this be not different from what you had be­<lb/>fore. </s>
<s>In the former, the <emph type="italics"/>Minor<emph.end type="italics"/> was proved <emph type="italics"/>à priori,<emph.end type="italics"/> & now you &longs;ee <lb/>it proved <emph type="italics"/>à po&longs;teriori:<emph.end type="italics"/> Judg then if it be the &longs;ame. </s>
<s>I prove the <lb/><emph type="italics"/>Minor,<emph.end type="italics"/> therefore (the <emph type="italics"/>Major<emph.end type="italics"/> being mo&longs;t manife&longs;t) by &longs;en&longs;ible ex­<lb/>perience, which &longs;hews us that in the Earth there are made conti­<lb/>nual generations, corruptions, alterations, <emph type="italics"/>&c.<emph.end type="italics"/> which neither our <lb/>&longs;en&longs;es, nor the traditions or memories of our Ance&longs;tors, ever &longs;aw <lb/>an in&longs;tance of in Heaven; therefore Heaven is unalterable, <emph type="italics"/>&c.<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg100"></arrow.to.target><lb/>and the Earth alterable, <emph type="italics"/>&c.<emph.end type="italics"/> and therefore different from Hea­<lb/>ven. </s>
<s>I take my &longs;econd Argument from a principal and e&longs;&longs;ential <lb/>accident, and it is this. </s>
<s>That body which is by its nature ob­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg101"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;cure and deprived of light, is divers from the luminous and &longs;hi­<lb/>ning bodies; but the Earth is ob&longs;cure and void of light, and the <lb/>Cœle&longs;tial bodies &longs;plendid, and full of light; <emph type="italics"/>Ergo, &c.<emph.end type="italics"/> An&longs;wer <lb/>to the&longs;e Arguments fir&longs;t, that we may not heap up too many, <lb/>and then I will alledge others.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg100"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Heaven immuta­<lb/>ble, becau&longs;e there <lb/>never was any mu­<lb/>tation &longs;een in it.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg101"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Bodies naturally <lb/>lucid, are different <lb/>from tho&longs;e which <lb/>are by nature ob­<lb/>&longs;cure.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>As to the fir&longs;t, the &longs;tre&longs;&longs;e whereof you lay upon ex­<lb/>perience, I de&longs;ire that you would a little more di&longs;tinctly produce <lb/>me the alteration which you &longs;ee made in the Earth, and not in <lb/>Heaven; upon which you call the Earth alterable, and the Hea­<lb/>vens not &longs;o.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>I &longs;ee in the Earth, plants and animals continually ge­<pb pagenum="35"/>nerating and decaying; winds, rains, tempe&longs;ts, &longs;torms ari&longs;ing; and <lb/>in a word, the a&longs;pect of the Earth to be perpetually metamorpho­<lb/>&longs;ing; none of which mutations are to be di&longs;cern'd in the Cœle&longs;tial <lb/>bodies; the con&longs;titution and figuration of which is mo&longs;t punctu­<lb/>ally conformable to that they ever were time out of mind; without <lb/>the generation of any thing that is new, or corruption of any thing <lb/>that was old.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>But if you content your &longs;elf with the&longs;e vi&longs;ible, or to <lb/>&longs;ay better, &longs;een experiments, you mu&longs;t con&longs;equently account <lb/><emph type="italics"/>China<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>America<emph.end type="italics"/> Cœle&longs;tial bodies, for doubtle&longs;&longs;e you never <lb/>beheld in them the&longs;e alterations which you &longs;ee here in <emph type="italics"/>Italy,<emph.end type="italics"/> and <lb/>that therefore according to your apprehen&longs;ion they are inal­<lb/>terable.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>Though I never did &longs;ee the&longs;e alterations &longs;enfibly in <lb/>tho&longs;e places, the relations of them are not to be que&longs;tioned; <lb/>be&longs;ides that, <emph type="italics"/>cum eadem &longs;it ratio totius, & partium,<emph.end type="italics"/> tho&longs;e <lb/>Countreys being a part of the Earth, as well as ours, they <lb/>mu&longs;t of nece&longs;&longs;ity be alterable as the&longs;e are.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>And why have you not, without being put to believe <lb/>other mens relations, examined and ob&longs;erved tho&longs;e alterations <lb/>with your own eyes?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>Becau&longs;e tho&longs;e places, be&longs;ides that they are not ex­<lb/>po&longs;ed to our eyes, are &longs;o remote, that our &longs;ight cannot reach <lb/>to comprehend therein &longs;uch like mutations.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>See now, how you have unawares di&longs;covered the falla­<lb/>cy of your Argument; for, if you &longs;ay that the alterations that <lb/>are &longs;een on the Earth neer at hand, cannot, by rea&longs;on of the too <lb/>great di&longs;tance, be &longs;een in <emph type="italics"/>America,<emph.end type="italics"/> much le&longs;&longs;e can you &longs;ee them <lb/>in the Moon, which is &longs;o many hundred times more remote: <lb/>And if you believe the alterations in <emph type="italics"/>Mexico<emph.end type="italics"/> upon the report of <lb/>tho&longs;e that come from thence, what intelligence have you from <lb/>the Moon, to a&longs;&longs;ure you that there is no &longs;uch alterations in it? <lb/></s>
<s>Therefore, from your not &longs;eeing any alterations in Heaven, <lb/>whereas, if there were any &longs;uch, you could not &longs;ee them by rea­<lb/>&longs;on of their too great di&longs;tance, and from your not having intel­<lb/>ligence thereof, in regard that it cannot be had, you ought not <lb/>to argue, that there are no &longs;uch alterations; howbeit, from the <lb/>&longs;eeing and ob&longs;erving of them on Earth, you well argue that <lb/>therein &longs;uch there are.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>I will &longs;hew &longs;o great mutations that have befaln on <lb/>the Earth; that if any &longs;uch had happened in the Moon, they <lb/>might very well have been ob&longs;erved here below. </s>
<s>We find in <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg102"></arrow.to.target><lb/>very antient records, that heretofore at the Streights of <emph type="italics"/>Gibraltar,<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>the two great Mountains <emph type="italics"/>Abila,<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Calpen,<emph.end type="italics"/> were continued to­<lb/>gether by certain other le&longs;&longs;e Mountains which there gave check <pb pagenum="36"/>to the Ocean: but tho&longs;e Hills, being by &longs;ome cau&longs;e or other &longs;e­<lb/>parated, and a way being opened to the Sea to break in, it made <lb/>&longs;uch an inundation, that it gave occa&longs;ion to the calling of it &longs;ince <lb/>the Mid-land Sea: the greatne&longs;s whereof con&longs;idered, and the di­<lb/>vers a&longs;pect the &longs;urface of the Water and Earth then made, had it <lb/>been beheld afar off, there is no doubt but &longs;o great a change <lb/>might have been di&longs;cerned by one that was then in the Moon; <lb/>as al&longs;o to us inhabitants of the Earth, the like alterations would <lb/>be perceived in the Moon; but we find not in antiquity, that e­<lb/>ver there was &longs;uch a thing &longs;een; therefore we have no cau&longs;e to <lb/>&longs;ay, that any of the Cœle&longs;tial bodies are alterable, <emph type="italics"/>&c.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg102"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The Mediterr ani­<lb/>an Sea made by the <lb/>&longs;eparation of<emph.end type="italics"/> Abi­<lb/>la <emph type="italics"/>and<emph.end type="italics"/> Calpen.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>That &longs;o great alterations have hapned in the Moon, I <lb/>dare not &longs;ay, but for all that, I am not yet certain but that &longs;uch <lb/>changes might occur; and becau&longs;e &longs;uch a mutation could onely <lb/>repre&longs;ent unto us &longs;ome kind of variation between the more clear, <lb/>and more ob&longs;cure parts of the Moon, I know not whether we <lb/>have had on Earth ob&longs;ervant Selenographers, who have for any <lb/>con&longs;iderable number of years, in&longs;tructed us with &longs;o exact Seleno­<lb/>graphy, as that we &longs;hould confidently conclude, that there hath <lb/>no &longs;uch change hapned in the face of the Moon; of the figura­<lb/>tion of which I find no more particular de&longs;cription, than the &longs;ay­<lb/>ing of &longs;ome, that it repre&longs;ents an humane face; of others, that <lb/>it is like the muzzle of a lyon; and of others, that it is <emph type="italics"/>Cain<emph.end type="italics"/> with <lb/>a bundle of thorns on his back: therefore, to &longs;ay Heaven is un­<lb/>alterable, becau&longs;e that in the Moon, or other Cœle&longs;tial bodies, no <lb/>&longs;uch alterations are &longs;een, as di&longs;cover them&longs;elves on Earth, is a bad <lb/>illation, and concludeth nothing.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>And there is another odd kind of &longs;cruple in this Argu­<lb/>ment of <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> running in my mind, which I would gladly <lb/>have an&longs;wered; therefore I demand of him, whether the Earth <lb/>before the Mediterranian inundation was generable and corrupti­<lb/>ble, or el&longs;e began then &longs;o to be?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>It was doubtle&longs;s generable and corruptible al&longs;o be­<lb/>fore that time; but that was &longs;o va&longs;t a mutation, that it might <lb/>have been ob&longs;erved as far as the Moon.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>Go to; if the Earth was generable and corruptible <lb/>before that Inundation, why may not the Moon be &longs;o like­<lb/>wi&longs;e without &longs;uch a change? </s>
<s>Or why &longs;hould that be nece&longs;&longs;ary <lb/>in the Moon, which importeth nothing on Earth?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>It is a &longs;hrewd que&longs;tion: But I am doubtfull that <emph type="italics"/>Sim­<lb/>plicius<emph.end type="italics"/> a little altereth the Text of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> and the other <emph type="italics"/>Peri­<lb/>patelicks,<emph.end type="italics"/> who &longs;ay, they hold the Heavens unalterable, for that <lb/>they &longs;ee therein no one &longs;tar generate or corrupt, which is proba­<lb/>bly a le&longs;s part of Heaven, than a City is of the Earth, and yet <lb/>innumerable of the&longs;e have been de&longs;troyed, &longs;o as that no mark of <lb/>them hath remain'd.</s></p><pb pagenum="37"/><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>I verily believed otherwi&longs;e, and conceited that <emph type="italics"/>Sim­<lb/>plicius<emph.end type="italics"/> di&longs;&longs;embled this expo&longs;ition of the Text, that he might not <lb/>charge his Ma&longs;ter and Con&longs;ectators, with a notion more ab&longs;urd <lb/>than the former. </s>
<s>And what a folly it is to &longs;ay the Cœle&longs;tial <lb/>part is unalterable, becau&longs;e no &longs;tars do generate or corrupt there­<lb/>in? </s>
<s>What then? </s>
<s>hath any &longs;een a Terre&longs;trial Globe corrupt, and <lb/>another regenerate in its place? </s>
<s>And yet is it not on all hands <lb/>granted by Philo&longs;ophers, that there are very few &longs;tars in Heaven <lb/>le&longs;s than the Earth, but very many that are much bigger? </s>
<s>So <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg103"></arrow.to.target><lb/>that for a &longs;tar in Heaven to corrupt, would be no le&longs;s than if the <lb/>whole Terre&longs;trial Globe &longs;hould be de&longs;troy'd. </s>
<s>Therefore, if for <lb/>the true proof of generation and corruption in the Univer&longs;e, it be <lb/>nece&longs;&longs;ary that &longs;o va&longs;t bodies as a &longs;tar, mu&longs;t corrupt and regene­<lb/>rate, you may &longs;atisfie your &longs;elf and cea&longs;e your opinion; for I <lb/>a&longs;&longs;ure you, that you &longs;hall never &longs;ee the Terre&longs;trial Globe or any <lb/>other integral body of the World, to corrupt or decay &longs;o, that <lb/>having been beheld by us for &longs;o many years pa&longs;t, they &longs;hould &longs;o <lb/>di&longs;&longs;olve, as not to leave any foot&longs;teps of them.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg103"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Its no le&longs;s impo&longs;&longs;i­<lb/>ble for a &longs;tar to <lb/>corrupt, than for <lb/>the whole Terre­<lb/>&longs;trial Globe.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>But to give <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> yet fuller &longs;atisfaction, and to <lb/>reclaim him, if po&longs;&longs;ible, from his error; I affirm, that we have in <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg104"></arrow.to.target><lb/>our age new accidents and ob&longs;ervations, and &longs;uch, that I que&longs;tion <lb/>not in the lea&longs;t, but if <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> were now alive, they would make <lb/>him change his opinion; which may be ea&longs;ily collected from the <lb/>very manner of his di&longs;cour&longs;ing: For when he writeth that he e­<lb/>&longs;teemeth the Heavens inalterable, &c. </s>
<s>becau&longs;e no new thing was <lb/>&longs;een to be begot therein, or any old to be di&longs;&longs;olved, he &longs;eems im­<lb/>plicitely to hint unto us, that when he &longs;hould &longs;ee any &longs;uch acci­<lb/>dent, he would hold the contrary; and confront, as indeed it is <lb/>meet, &longs;en&longs;ible experiments to natural rea&longs;on: for had he not <lb/>made any reckoning of the &longs;en&longs;es, he would not then from the <lb/>not &longs;eeing of any &longs;en&longs;ible mutation, have argued immutability.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg104"></margin.target>Ari&longs;totle <emph type="italics"/>would <lb/>change his opinion, <lb/>did he &longs;ee the no­<lb/>velties of our age.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> deduceth his principal Argument <emph type="italics"/>à priori,<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>&longs;hewing the nece&longs;&longs;ity of the inalterability of Heaven by natural, <lb/>manife&longs;t and clear principles; and then &longs;tabli&longs;heth the &longs;ame <emph type="italics"/>à po­<lb/>&longs;teriori,<emph.end type="italics"/> by &longs;en&longs;e, and the traditions of the antients.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>This you &longs;peak of is the Method he hath ob&longs;erved in <lb/>delivering his Doctrine, but I do not bethink it yet to be that <lb/>wherewith he invented it; for I do believe for certain, that he <lb/>fir&longs;t procured by help of the &longs;en&longs;es, &longs;uch experiments and ob&longs;er­<lb/>vations as he could, to a&longs;&longs;ure him as much as it was po&longs;&longs;ible, of the <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg105"></arrow.to.target><lb/>conclu&longs;ion, and that he afterwards &longs;ought out the means how to <lb/>demon&longs;trate it: For this, the u&longs;ual cour&longs;e in demon&longs;trative Scien­<lb/>ces, and the rea&longs;on thereof is, becau&longs;e when the conclu&longs;ion is <lb/>true, by help of re&longs;olutive Method, one may hit upon &longs;ome pro­<lb/>po&longs;ition before demon&longs;trated, or come to &longs;ome principle known <pb pagenum="38"/><emph type="italics"/>per &longs;e<emph.end type="italics"/>; but if the conclu&longs;ion be fal&longs;e, a man may proceed <emph type="italics"/>in in­<lb/>finitum,<emph.end type="italics"/> and never meet with any truth already known; but ve­<lb/>ry oft he &longs;hall meet with &longs;ome impo&longs;&longs;ibility or manife&longs;t ab&longs;urdi­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg106"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ty. </s>
<s>Nor need you que&longs;tion but that <emph type="italics"/>Pythagoras<emph.end type="italics"/> along time be­<lb/>fore he found the demon&longs;tration for which he offered the Heca­<lb/>tomb, had been certain, that the &longs;quare of the &longs;ide &longs;ubtending <lb/>the right angle in a rectangle triangle, was equal to the &longs;quare of <lb/>the other two &longs;ides: and the certainty of the conclu&longs;ion condu­<lb/>ced not a little to the inve&longs;tigating of the demon&longs;tration, un­<lb/>der&longs;tanding me alwayes to mean in demon&longs;trative Sciences. </s>
<s>But <lb/>what ever was the method of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> and whether his arguing <emph type="italics"/>à <lb/>priori<emph.end type="italics"/> preceded &longs;en&longs;e <emph type="italics"/>à po&longs;teriori,<emph.end type="italics"/> or the contrary; it &longs;ufficeth that <lb/>the &longs;ame <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> preferreth (as hath been oft &longs;aid) &longs;en&longs;ible ex­<lb/>periments before all di&longs;cour&longs;es; be&longs;ides, as to the Arugments <emph type="italics"/>à <lb/>priori<emph.end type="italics"/> their force hath been already examined. </s>
<s>Now returning <lb/>to my purpo&longs;ed matter, I &longs;ay, that the things in our times di&longs;­<lb/>covered in the Heavens, are, and have been &longs;uch, that they may <lb/>give ab&longs;olute &longs;atisfaction to all Philo&longs;ophers; fora&longs;much as in <lb/>the particular bodies, and in the univer&longs;al expan&longs;ion of Heaven, <lb/>there have been, and are continually, &longs;een ju&longs;t &longs;uch accidents as <lb/>we call generations and corruptions, being that excellent A­<lb/>&longs;tronomers have ob&longs;erved many Comets generated and di&longs;&longs;olved <lb/>in parts higher than the Lunar Orb, be&longs;ides the two new Stars, <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg107"></arrow.to.target><lb/><emph type="italics"/>Anuo<emph.end type="italics"/> 1572, and <emph type="italics"/>Anno<emph.end type="italics"/> 1604, without contradiction much higher <lb/>than all the Planets; and in the face of the Sun it &longs;elf, by help <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg108"></arrow.to.target><lb/>of the <emph type="italics"/>Tele&longs;cope,<emph.end type="italics"/> certain den&longs;e and ob&longs;cure &longs;ub&longs;tances, in &longs;em­<lb/>blance very like to the foggs about the Earth, are &longs;een to be <lb/>produced and di&longs;&longs;olved; and many of the&longs;e are &longs;o va&longs;t, that <lb/>they far exceed not only the Mediterranian Streight, but all <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg109"></arrow.to.target><lb/><emph type="italics"/>Affrica<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>A&longs;ia<emph.end type="italics"/> al&longs;o. </s>
<s>Now if <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> had &longs;een the&longs;e things, <lb/>what think you he would have &longs;aid, and done <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius?<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg105"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The certaixty of <lb/>the conclu&longs;ion he<gap/>­<lb/>peth by are&longs;olutive <lb/>method to &longs;ind the <lb/>demonstration.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg106"></margin.target>Pythagoras <emph type="italics"/>offered <lb/>an Hecatomb for <lb/>a Geometrical de­<lb/>mon&longs;tration which <lb/>he found.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg107"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>New &longs;tars di&longs;co­<lb/>vered in Heaven.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg108"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Spots generate and <lb/>di&longs;&longs;olve in the face <lb/>of the Sun.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg109"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Solar spots are <lb/>bigger than all<emph.end type="italics"/> A­<lb/>&longs;ia <emph type="italics"/>and<emph.end type="italics"/> Affrick.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>I know not what <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> would have done or &longs;aid, <lb/>that was the great Ma&longs;ter of all the Sciences, but yet I know in <lb/>part, what his Sectators do and &longs;ay, and ought to do and &longs;ay, <lb/>unle&longs;&longs;e they would deprive them&longs;elves of their guide, leader, and <lb/>Prince in Philo&longs;ophy. </s>
<s>As to the Comets, are not tho&longs;e Modern <lb/>A&longs;tronomers, who would make them Cœle&longs;tial, convinced by <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg110"></arrow.to.target><lb/>the ^{*}<emph type="italics"/>Anti-Tycho,<emph.end type="italics"/> yea, and overcome with their own weapons, I <lb/>mean by way of Paralaxes and Calculations, every way tryed, <lb/>concluding at the la&longs;t in favour of <emph type="italics"/>Aristotle,<emph.end type="italics"/> that they are all <lb/>Elementary? </s>
<s>And this being overthrown, which was as it were <lb/>their foundation, have the&longs;e Novelli&longs;ts any thing more where­<lb/>with to maintain their a&longs;&longs;ertion?</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg110"></margin.target>* <emph type="italics"/>A&longs;tronomers con­<lb/>futed by<emph.end type="italics"/> Anti-Ty­<lb/>cho.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>Hold a little, good <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> this modern Author, <lb/>what &longs;aith he to the new Stars, <emph type="italics"/>Anno<emph.end type="italics"/> 1572, and 1604, and to <pb pagenum="39"/>the Solar &longs;pots? </s>
<s>for as to the Comets, I for my own particular <lb/>little care to make them generated under or above the Moon; <lb/>nor did I ever put much &longs;tre&longs;&longs;e on the loquacity of <emph type="italics"/>Tycho<emph.end type="italics"/>; nor <lb/>am I hard to believe that their matter is Elementary, and that <lb/>they may elevate (&longs;ublimate) them&longs;elves at their plea&longs;ure, with­<lb/>out meeting with any ob&longs;tacle from the impenetrability of the <lb/><emph type="italics"/>Peripatetick<emph.end type="italics"/> Heaven, which I hold to be far more thin, yielding, <lb/>and &longs;ubtil than our Air; and as to the calculations of the Pa­<lb/>rallaxes, fir&longs;t, the uncertainty whether Comets are &longs;ubject to <lb/>&longs;uch accidents, and next, the incon&longs;tancy of the ob&longs;ervations, <lb/>upon which the computations are made, make me equally &longs;u&longs;­<lb/>pect both tho&longs;e opinions: and the rather, for that I &longs;ee him <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg111"></arrow.to.target><lb/>you call <emph type="italics"/>Anti-Tycho,<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;ometimes &longs;tretch to his purpo&longs;e, or el&longs;e <lb/>reject tho&longs;e ob&longs;ervations which interfere with his de&longs;ign.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg111"></margin.target>Anti-Tycho <emph type="italics"/>wre­<lb/>&longs;teth A&longs;tronomical <lb/>ob&longs;ervations to his <lb/>own parpo&longs;e.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>As to the new Stars, <emph type="italics"/>Anti-Tycho<emph.end type="italics"/> extricates him&longs;elf <lb/>finely in three or four words; &longs;aying, That tho&longs;e mo­<lb/>dern new Stars are no certain parts of the Cœle&longs;tial bodies, and <lb/>that the adver&longs;aries, if they will prove alteration and genera­<lb/>tion in tho&longs;e &longs;uperior bodies, mu&longs;t &longs;hew &longs;ome mutations that <lb/>have been made in the Stars de&longs;cribed &longs;o many ages pa&longs;t, of <lb/>which there is no doubt but that they be Cœle&longs;tial bodies, <lb/>which they can never be able to do: Next, as to tho&longs;e mat­<lb/>ters which &longs;ome affirm, to generate and di&longs;&longs;ipate in the face of <lb/>the Sun, he makes no mention thereof; wherefore I conclude, <lb/>that he believed them fictious, or the illu&longs;ions of the Tube, or <lb/>at mo&longs;t, &longs;ome petty effecs cau&longs;ed by the Air, and in brief, any <lb/>thing rather than matters Cœle&longs;tial.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>But you, <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> what an&longs;wer could you give to <lb/>the oppo&longs;ition of the&longs;e importunate &longs;pots which are &longs;tarted up <lb/>to di&longs;turb the Heavens, and more than that, the <emph type="italics"/>Peripatetick<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>Philo&longs;ophy? </s>
<s>It cannot be but that you, who are &longs;o re&longs;olute a <lb/>Champion of it, have found &longs;ome reply or &longs;olution for the <lb/>&longs;ame, of which you ought not to deprive us.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>I have heard &longs;undry opinions about this particular. <lb/></s>
<s>One &longs;aith: “They are Stars which in their proper Orbs, like as <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg112"></arrow.to.target><lb/><emph type="italics"/>Venus<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Mervury,<emph.end type="italics"/> revolve about the Sun, and in pa&longs;&longs;ing un­<lb/>der it, repre&longs;ent them&longs;elves to us ob&longs;cure; and for that they <lb/>are many, they oft happen to aggregate their parts together, <lb/>and afterwards &longs;eperate again. </s>
<s>Others believe them to be <lb/>aerial impre&longs;&longs;ions; others, the illu&longs;ions of the chry&longs;tals; and o­<lb/>thers, other things: But I incline to think, yea am verily per­<lb/>&longs;waded, That they are an aggregate of many &longs;everal opacous <lb/>bodies, as it were ca&longs;ually concurrent among them&longs;elves. </s>
<s>And <lb/>therefore we often &longs;ee, that in one of tho&longs;e &longs;pots one may <lb/>number ten or more &longs;uch &longs;mall bodies, which are of irregu­<pb pagenum="40"/>lar figures, and &longs;eem to us like flakes of &longs;now, or flocks of <lb/>wooll, or moaths flying: they vary &longs;ite among&longs;t them&longs;elves, <lb/>and one while &longs;ever, another while meet, and mo&longs;t of all be­<lb/>neath the Sun, about which, as about their Centre, they con­<lb/>tinually move. </s>
<s>But yet, mu&longs;t we not therefore grant, that <lb/>they are generated or di&longs;&longs;olved, but that at &longs;ometimes they are <lb/>hid behind the body of the Sun, and at other times, though <lb/>remote from it, yet are they not &longs;een for the vicinity of the <lb/>immea&longs;urable light of the Sun; in regard that in the eccentrick <lb/>Orb of the Sun, there is con&longs;tituted, as it were, an Onion, com­<lb/>po&longs;ed of many folds one within another, each of which, being <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg113"></arrow.to.target><lb/>^{*}&longs;tudded with certain &longs;mall &longs;pots, doth move; and albeit their <lb/>motion at fir&longs;t &longs;eemeth incon&longs;tant and irregular, yet neverthe­<lb/>le&longs;&longs;e, it is &longs;aid at la&longs;t, to be ob&longs;erved that the very &longs;ame &longs;pots, <lb/>as before,” do within a determinate time return again. </s>
<s>This <lb/>&longs;eemeth to me the fitte&longs;t an&longs;wer that hath been found to a&longs;&longs;igne <lb/>a rea&longs;on of that &longs;ame appearance, and withal to maintain the <lb/>incorruptability and ingenerability of the Heavens; and if this <lb/>doth not &longs;uffice; there wants not more elevated wits, which will <lb/>give you other, more convincing.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg112"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Sundry opinions <lb/>touching the Solar <lb/>&longs;pots.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg113"></margin.target>* The Original <lb/>&longs;aith [<emph type="italics"/>tempe&longs;tata &longs;i <lb/>muove<emph.end type="italics"/>] which the <lb/>Latine Tran&longs;lati­<lb/>on, (Mi&longs;taking <lb/><emph type="italics"/>Tempectata,<emph.end type="italics"/> aword <lb/>in Heraldry, for <lb/><emph type="italics"/>Tempe&longs;tato,<emph.end type="italics"/>) ren­<lb/>dereth [<emph type="italics"/>incitata <lb/>movetur<emph.end type="italics"/>] which <lb/>&longs;ignifieth a violent <lb/>tran&longs;portmeut, as <lb/>in a &longs;torm, that of <lb/>a Ship.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>If this of which we di&longs;pute, were &longs;ome point of Law, <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg114"></arrow.to.target><lb/>or other part of the Studies called <emph type="italics"/>Humanity,<emph.end type="italics"/> wherein there is <lb/>neither truth nor fal&longs;hood, if we will give &longs;ufficient credit to <lb/>the acutene&longs;&longs;e of the wit, readine&longs;&longs;e of an&longs;wers, and the gene­<lb/>ral practice of Writers, then he who mo&longs;t aboundeth in the&longs;e, <lb/>makes his rea&longs;on more probable and plau&longs;ible; but in Natural <lb/>Sciences, the conclu&longs;ions of which are true and nece&longs;&longs;ary, and <lb/>wherewith the judgment of men hath nothing to do, one is to <lb/>be more cautious how he goeth about to maintain any thing that <lb/>is fal&longs;e; for a man but of an ordinary wit, if it be his good for­<lb/>tune to be of the right &longs;ide, may lay a thou&longs;and <emph type="italics"/>Demo&longs;thenes<emph.end type="italics"/> and <lb/>a thou&longs;and <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totles<emph.end type="italics"/> at his feet. </s>
<s>Therefore reject tho&longs;e hopes <lb/>and conceits, wherewith you flatter your &longs;elf, that there can be <lb/>any men &longs;o much more learned, read, and ver&longs;ed in Authors, <lb/>than we, that in de&longs;pite of nature, they &longs;hould be able to <lb/>make that become true, which is fal&longs;e. </s>
<s>And &longs;eeing that of all <lb/>the opinions that have been hitherto alledged touching the e&longs;­<lb/>&longs;ence of the&longs;e Solar &longs;pots, this in&longs;tanced in by you, is in your <lb/>judgment the true&longs;t, it followeth (if this be &longs;o) that all the re&longs;t <lb/>are fal&longs;e; and to deliver you from this al&longs;o, which doubtle&longs;&longs;e is a <lb/>mo&longs;t fal&longs;e <emph type="italics"/>Chimœra,<emph.end type="italics"/> over-pa&longs;&longs;ing infinite other improbabilities <lb/>that are therein, I &longs;hall propo&longs;e again&longs;t it onely two experiments; <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg115"></arrow.to.target><lb/>one is, that many of tho&longs;e &longs;pots are &longs;een to ari&longs;e in the mid&longs;t of <lb/>the Solar ring, and many likewi&longs;e to di&longs;&longs;olve and vani&longs;h at a great <lb/>di&longs;tance from the circumference of the Sun; a nece&longs;&longs;ary Argu­<pb pagenum="41"/>ment that they generate and di&longs;&longs;olve; for if without generating <lb/>or corrrupting, they &longs;hould appear there by onely local motion, <lb/>they would all be &longs;een to enter, and pa&longs;s out by the extreme cir­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg116"></arrow.to.target><lb/>cumference. </s>
<s>The other ob&longs;ervation to &longs;uch as are not &longs;ituate in <lb/>the lowe&longs;t degree of ignorance in Per&longs;pective, by the mutation <lb/>of the appearing figures, and by the apparent mutations of the <lb/>velocity of motion is nece&longs;&longs;arily concluding, that the &longs;pots are <lb/>contiguous to the body of the Sun, and that touching its &longs;uperfi­<lb/>cies, they move either with it or upon it, and that they in no wi&longs;e <lb/>move in circles remote from the &longs;ame. </s>
<s>The motion proves <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg117"></arrow.to.target><lb/>it, which towards the circumference of the Solar Circle, <lb/>appeareth very &longs;low, and towards the mid&longs;t, more &longs;wift; the fi­<lb/>gures of the &longs;pots confirmeth it, which towards the circumference <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg118"></arrow.to.target><lb/>appear exceeding narrow in compari&longs;on of that which they &longs;eem <lb/>to be in the parts nearer the middle; and this becau&longs;e in the <lb/>mid&longs;t they are &longs;een in their full lu&longs;ter, and as they truly be; and <lb/>towards the circumference by rea&longs;on of the convexity of the glo­<lb/>bous &longs;uperficies, they &longs;eem more compre&longs;&longs;'d: And both the&longs;e <lb/>diminutions of figure and motion, to &longs;uch as know how to ob&longs;erve <lb/>and calculate them exactly, preci&longs;ely an&longs;wer to that which &longs;hould <lb/>appear, the &longs;pots being contiguous to the Sun, and differ irrecon­<lb/>cileably from a motion in circles remote, though but for &longs;mal <lb/>intervalls from the body of the Sun; as hath been diffu&longs;ely de­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg119"></arrow.to.target><lb/>mon&longs;trated by our ^{*} Friend, in his Letters about the Solar &longs;pots, <lb/>to <emph type="italics"/>Marcus Vel&longs;erus.<emph.end type="italics"/> It may be gathered from the &longs;ame muta­<lb/>tion of figure, that none of them are &longs;tars, or other bodies of <lb/>&longs;pherical figure; for that among&longs;t all figures the &longs;phere never <lb/>appeareth compre&longs;&longs;ed, nor can ever be repre&longs;ented but onely per­<lb/>fectly round; and thus in ca&longs;e any particular &longs;pot were a round <lb/>body, as all the &longs;tars are held to be, the &longs;aid roundne&longs;s would as <lb/>well appear in the mid&longs;t of the Solar ring, as when the &longs;pot is near <lb/>the extreme: whereas, its &longs;o great compre&longs;&longs;ion, and &longs;hewing its <lb/>&longs;elf &longs;o &longs;mall towards the extreme, and contrariwi&longs;e, &longs;patious and <lb/>large towards the middle, a&longs;&longs;ureth us, that the&longs;e &longs;pots are flat <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg120"></arrow.to.target><lb/>plates of &longs;mall thickne&longs;s or depth, in compari&longs;on of their length <lb/>and breadth. </s>
<s>La&longs;tly, whereas you &longs;ay that the &longs;pots after their <lb/>determinate periods are ob&longs;erved to return to their former a&longs;pect, <lb/>believe it not, <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> for he that told you &longs;o, will deceive <lb/>you; and that I &longs;peak the truth, you may ob&longs;erve them to be hid <lb/>in the face of the Sun far from the circumference; nor hath your <lb/>Ob&longs;ervator told you a word of that compre&longs;&longs;ion, which nece&longs;&longs;a­<lb/>rily argueth them to be contiguous to the Sun. </s>
<s>That which he <lb/>tells you of the return of the &longs;aid &longs;pots, is nothing el&longs;e but what <lb/>is read in the forementioned Letters, namely, that &longs;ome of them <lb/>may &longs;ometimes &longs;o happen that are of &longs;o long a duration, that <pb pagenum="42"/>they cannot be di&longs;&longs;ipated by one &longs;ole conver&longs;ion about the Sun, <lb/>which is accompli&longs;hed in le&longs;s than a moneth.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg114"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>In natural Sci­<lb/>ences, the art of <lb/>Oratory is of no <lb/>force.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg115"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>An Argument <lb/>that nece&longs;&longs;arily <lb/>proveth the Solar <lb/>&longs;pots to generate <lb/>and di&longs;&longs;olwe.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg116"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>A conclu&longs;ive de­<lb/>mon&longs;tration, that <lb/>the &longs;pots are conti­<lb/>guous to the body <lb/>of the Sun.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg117"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The motion of the <lb/>spots towards the <lb/>circumference of <lb/>the Sun appears <lb/>&longs;low.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg118"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The figure of the <lb/>spots appears nar­<lb/>row towards the <lb/>circumference of <lb/>the Suns<emph.end type="italics"/> di&longs;cus, <emph type="italics"/>& <lb/>why.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg119"></margin.target>* Under this word <lb/><emph type="italics"/>Friend,<emph.end type="italics"/> as al&longs;o that <lb/>of <emph type="italics"/>Academick, & <lb/>Common Friend, <lb/>Galilœus<emph.end type="italics"/> mode&longs;tly <lb/>conceals him&longs;elf <lb/>throughout the&longs;e <lb/>Dialogues.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg120"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The Solar spots <lb/>are not &longs;pherical, <lb/>but flat like thin <lb/>plates.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. I, for my part, have not made either &longs;o long, or &longs;o <lb/>exact ob&longs;ervations, as to enable me to boa&longs;t my &longs;elf Ma&longs;ter of the <lb/><emph type="italics"/>Quod ect<emph.end type="italics"/> of this matter: but I will more accurately con&longs;ider the <lb/>&longs;ame, and make tryal my &longs;elf for my own &longs;atisfaction, whether I <lb/>can reconcile that which experience &longs;hews us, with that which <lb/><emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> teacheth us; for it's a certain Maxim, that two Truths <lb/>cannot be contrary to one another.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>If you would reconcile that which &longs;en&longs;e &longs;heweth you, <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg121"></arrow.to.target><lb/>with the &longs;olider Doctrines of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> you will find no great dif­<lb/>ficulty in the undertaking; and that &longs;o it is, doth not <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>&longs;ay, that one cannot treat confidently of the things of Heaven, <lb/>by rea&longs;on of their great remotene&longs;s?</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg121"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>One cannot<emph.end type="italics"/> (<emph type="italics"/>&longs;aith<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>Ari&longs;totle) <emph type="italics"/>&longs;peak <lb/>confidently of Hea­<lb/>ven, by rea&longs;on of <lb/>its great di&longs;tance.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>He expre&longs;ly &longs;aith &longs;o.<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg122"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg122"></margin.target>Ari&longs;totle <emph type="italics"/>prefers <lb/>&longs;en&longs;e before ratio­<lb/>cination.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>And doth he not likewi&longs;e affirm, that we ought to pre­<lb/>fer that which &longs;en&longs;e demon&longs;trates, before all Arguments, though <lb/>in appearance never &longs;o well grounded? </s>
<s>and &longs;aith he not this <lb/>without the lea&longs;t doubt or hæ&longs;itation?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>He doth &longs;o.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>Why then, the &longs;econd of the&longs;e propo&longs;itions, which are <lb/>both the doctrine of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> that &longs;aith, that &longs;en&longs;e is to take </s></p><p type="main">
<s><arrow.to.target n="marg123"></arrow.to.target><lb/>place of Logick, is a doctrine much more &longs;olid and undoubted, <lb/>than that other which holdeth the Heavens to be unalterable; and <lb/>therefore you &longs;hall argue more <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totelically,<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;aying, the Hea­<lb/>vens are alterable, for that &longs;o my &longs;en&longs;e telleth me, than if you <lb/>&longs;hould &longs;ay, the Heavens are u alterable, for that Logick &longs;o per&longs;wa­<lb/>ded <emph type="italics"/>Aristotle.<emph.end type="italics"/> Furthermore, we may di&longs;cour&longs;e of Cœle&longs;tial mat­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg124"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ters much better than <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/>; becau&longs;e, he confe&longs;&longs;ing the know­<lb/>ledg thereof to be difficult to him, by rea&longs;on of their remotene&longs;s <lb/>from the &longs;en&longs;es, he thereby acknowledgeth, that one to whom <lb/>the &longs;en&longs;es can better repre&longs;ent the &longs;ame, may philo&longs;ophate upon <lb/>them with more certainty. </s>
<s>Now we by help of the Tele&longs;cope, <lb/>are brought thirty or forty times nearer to the Heavens, than ever <lb/><emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> came; &longs;o that we may di&longs;cover in them an hundred <lb/>things, which he could not &longs;ee, and among&longs;t the re&longs;t, the&longs;e &longs;pots <lb/>in the Sun, which were to him ab&longs;olutely invi&longs;ible; therefore <lb/>we may di&longs;cour&longs;e of the Heavens and Sun, with more certainty <lb/>than <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;tolte.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg123"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Its a doctrine more <lb/>agreeing with<emph.end type="italics"/> A­<lb/>ri&longs;totle, <emph type="italics"/>to &longs;ay the <lb/>Heavens are alter­<lb/>able, than that <lb/>which affirms <lb/>them inalterable.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg124"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>We may by help of <lb/>the<emph.end type="italics"/> Tele&longs;cope <emph type="italics"/>di&longs;­<lb/>cour&longs;e better of cœ­<lb/>le&longs;tial matters, <lb/>than<emph.end type="italics"/> Ari&longs;tot. <emph type="italics"/>him­<lb/>&longs;elf.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>I &longs;ee into the heart of <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> and know that he is <lb/>much moved at the &longs;trength of the&longs;e &longs;o convincing Arguments; <lb/>but on the other &longs;ide, when he con&longs;idereth the great authority <lb/>which <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> hath won with all men, and remembreth the great <lb/>number of famous Interpreters, which have made it their bu&longs;ine&longs;s <lb/>to explain his &longs;en&longs;e; and &longs;eeth other Sciences, &longs;o nece&longs;&longs;ary and <pb pagenum="43"/>profitable to the publick, to build a great part of their e&longs;teem <lb/>and reputation on the credit of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> he is much puzzled and <lb/>perplexed: and methinks I hear him &longs;ay, To whom then &longs;hould <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg125"></arrow.to.target><lb/>we repair for the deci&longs;ion of our controver&longs;ies, if <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> were <lb/>removed from the chair? </s>
<s>What other Author &longs;hould we follow <lb/>in the Schools, Academies and Studies? </s>
<s>What Philo&longs;opher hath <lb/>writ all the parts of Natural Philo&longs;ophy, and that &longs;o methodically <lb/>without omitting &longs;o much as one &longs;ingle conclu&longs;ion? </s>
<s>Shall we then <lb/>overthrow that Fabrick under which &longs;o many pa&longs;&longs;engers find <lb/>&longs;helter? </s>
<s>Shall we de&longs;troy that <emph type="italics"/>A&longs;ylum,<emph.end type="italics"/> that <emph type="italics"/>Prytaneum,<emph.end type="italics"/> where­<lb/>in &longs;o many Students meet with commodious harbour, where <lb/>without expo&longs;ing them&longs;elves to the injuries of the air, with the <lb/>onely turning over of a few leaves, one may learn all the &longs;e­<lb/>crets of Nature? </s>
<s>Shall we di&longs;mantle that fort in which we are <lb/>&longs;afe from all ho&longs;tile a&longs;&longs;aults? </s>
<s>But I pitie him no more than I do <lb/>that Gentleman who with great expence of time and trea&longs;ure, <lb/>and the help of many hundred arti&longs;ts, erects a very &longs;umptu­<lb/>ous Pallace, and afterwards beholds it ready to fall, by rea&longs;on <lb/>of the bad foundation; but being extremely unwilling to &longs;ee <lb/>the Walls &longs;tript which are adorned with &longs;o many beautifull <lb/>Pictures; or to &longs;uffer the columns to fall, that uphold the &longs;tate­<lb/>ly Galleries; or the gilded roofs, chimney-pieces, the freizes, <lb/>the corni&longs;hes of marble, with &longs;o much co&longs;t erected, to be rui­<lb/>ned; goeth about with girders, props, &longs;hoars, buttera&longs;&longs;es, to pre­<lb/>vent their &longs;ubver&longs;ion.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg125"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The Declamation <lb/>of<emph.end type="italics"/> Simplicius.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>But ala&longs;s, <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> as yet fears no &longs;uch fall, and <lb/>I would undertake to &longs;ecure him from that mi&longs;chief at a far <lb/>le&longs;s charge. </s>
<s>There is no danger that &longs;o great a multitude of <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg126"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;ubtle and wi&longs;e Philo&longs;ophers, &longs;hould &longs;uffer them&longs;elves to be <lb/><emph type="italics"/>Hector'd<emph.end type="italics"/> by one or two, who make a little blu&longs;tering; nay, <lb/>they will rather, without ever turning the points of their pens <lb/>again&longs;t them, by their &longs;ilence onely render them the object of <lb/>univer&longs;al &longs;corn and contempt. </s>
<s>It is a fond conceit for any one <lb/>to think to introduce new Philo&longs;ophy, by reproving this or that <lb/>Author: it will be fir&longs;t nece&longs;&longs;ary to new-mold the brains of <lb/>men, and make them apt to di&longs;tingui&longs;h truth from fal&longs;hood. </s>
<s>A <lb/>thing which onely God can do. </s>
<s>But from one di&longs;cour&longs;e to another <lb/>whither are we &longs;tray'd? </s>
<s>your memory mu&longs;t help to guide me into <lb/>the way again.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg126"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Peripatetick Phi­<lb/>lo&longs;ophy unchange­<lb/>able.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>I remember very well where we left. </s>
<s>We were <lb/>upon the an&longs;wer of <emph type="italics"/>Anti-Tycho,<emph.end type="italics"/> to the objections again&longs;t the <lb/>immutability of the Heavens, among which you in&longs;erted this <lb/>of the Solar fpots, not &longs;poke of by him; and I believe you <lb/>intended to examine his an&longs;wer to the in&longs;tance of the New <lb/>Stars.</s></p><pb pagenum="44"/><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>Now I remember the re&longs;t, and to proceed, Methinks <lb/>there are &longs;ome things in the an&longs;wer of <emph type="italics"/>Anti-Tycho,<emph.end type="italics"/> worthy of <lb/>reprehen&longs;ion. </s>
<s>And fir&longs;t, if the two New Stars, which he can do <lb/>no le&longs;s than place in the uppermo&longs;t parts of the Heavens, and <lb/>which were of a long duration, but finally vani&longs;hed, give him no <lb/>ob&longs;truction in maintaining the inalterability of Heaven, in that <lb/>they were not certain parts thereof, nor mutations made in the <lb/>antient Stars, why doth he &longs;et him&longs;elf &longs;o vigorou&longs;ly and earne&longs;tly <lb/>again&longs;t the Comets, to bani&longs;h them by all ways from the Cœle­<lb/>&longs;tial Regions? </s>
<s>Was it not enough that he could &longs;ay of them <lb/>the &longs;ame which he &longs;poke of the New &longs;tars? </s>
<s>to wit, that in re­<lb/>gard they were no certain parts of Heaven, nor mutations made <lb/>in any of the Stars, they could no wi&longs;e prejudice either Heaven, <lb/>or the Doctrine of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/>? </s>
<s>Secondly, I am not very well &longs;atis­<lb/>fied of his meaning; when he &longs;aith that the alterations that &longs;hould <lb/>be granted to be made in the Stars, would be de&longs;tructive to the <lb/>prerogative of Heaven; namely, its incorruptibility, <emph type="italics"/>&c.<emph.end type="italics"/> and <lb/>this, becau&longs;e the Stars are Cœle&longs;tial &longs;ub&longs;tances, as is manife&longs;t <lb/>by the con&longs;ent of every one; and yet is nothing troubled that <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg127"></arrow.to.target><lb/>the &longs;ame alterations &longs;hould be made ^{*} without the Stars in the re&longs;t <lb/>of the Cœle&longs;tial expan&longs;ion. </s>
<s>Doth he think that Heaven is no <lb/>Cœle&longs;tial &longs;ub&longs;tance? </s>
<s>I, for my part, did believe that the Stars <lb/>were called Cœle&longs;tial bodies, by rea&longs;on that they were in Hea­<lb/>ven, or for that they were made of the &longs;ub&longs;tance of Heaven; <lb/>and yet I thought that Heaven was more Cœle&longs;tial than they; in <lb/>like &longs;ort, as nothing can be &longs;aid to be more Terre&longs;trial, or more <lb/>fiery than the Earth or Fire them&longs;elves. </s>
<s>And again, in that he ne­<lb/>ver made any mention of the Solar &longs;pots, which have been evi­<lb/>dently demon&longs;trated to be produced, and di&longs;&longs;olved, and to be <lb/>neer the Sun, and to turn either with, or about the &longs;ame, I have <lb/>rea&longs;on to think that this Author probably did write more for others <lb/>plea&longs;ure, than for his own &longs;atisfaction; and this I affirm, fora&longs;­<lb/>much as he having &longs;hewn him&longs;elf to be skilful in the Mathema­<lb/>ticks, it is impo&longs;&longs;ible but that he &longs;hould have been convinced by <lb/>Demon&longs;trations, that tho&longs;e &longs;ub&longs;tances are of nece&longs;&longs;ity contigu­<lb/>ous with the body of the Sun, and are &longs;o great generations and <lb/>corruptions, that none comparable to them, ever happen in the <lb/>Earth: And if &longs;uch, &longs;o many, and &longs;o frequent be made in the <lb/>very Globe of the Sun, which may with rea&longs;on be held one of the <lb/>noble&longs;t parts of Heaven, what &longs;hould make us think that others <lb/>may not happen in the other Orbs?<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg128"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg127"></margin.target>* Ex tra Stellas.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg128"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Generability and <lb/>alteration is a <lb/>greater perfection <lb/>in the Worlds bo­<lb/>dies than the con­<lb/>trary qualities.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>I cannot without great admiration, nay more, deni­<lb/>al of my under&longs;tanding, hear it to be attributed to natural bodies, <lb/>for a great honour and perfection that they are ^{*} impa&longs;&longs;ible, im­<lb/>mutable, inalterable, <emph type="italics"/>&c.<emph.end type="italics"/> And on the contrary, to hear it to </s></p><p type="main">
<s><arrow.to.target n="marg129"></arrow.to.target><pb pagenum="45"/>be e&longs;teemed a great imperfection to be alterable, generable, mu­<lb/>table, <emph type="italics"/>&c.<emph.end type="italics"/> It is my opinion that the Earth is very noble and ad­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg130"></arrow.to.target><lb/>mirable, by rea&longs;on of &longs;o many and &longs;o different alterations, mu­<lb/>tations, generations, <emph type="italics"/>&c.<emph.end type="italics"/> which are ince&longs;&longs;antly made therein; <lb/>and if without being &longs;ubject to any alteration, it had been all <lb/>one va&longs;t heap of &longs;and, or a ma&longs;&longs;e of <emph type="italics"/>Ja&longs;per,<emph.end type="italics"/> or that in the time <lb/>of the Deluge, the waters freezing which covered it, it had <lb/>continued an immen&longs;e Globe of Chri&longs;tal, wherein nothing had <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg131"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ever grown, altered, or changed, I &longs;hould have e&longs;teemed it a <lb/>lump of no benefit to the World, full of idlene&longs;&longs;e, and in a <lb/>word &longs;uperfluous, and as if it had never been in nature; and <lb/>&longs;hould make the &longs;ame difference in it, as between a living and <lb/>dead creature: The like I &longs;ay of the <emph type="italics"/>Moon, Jupiter,<emph.end type="italics"/> and all the <lb/>other Globes of the World. </s>
<s>But the more I dive into the con­<lb/>&longs;ideration of the vanity of popular di&longs;cour&longs;es, the more empty <lb/>and &longs;imple I find them. </s>
<s>And what greater folly can there be <lb/>imagined, than to call Jems, Silver and Gold pretious; and Earth <lb/>and dirt vile? </s>
<s>For do not the&longs;e per&longs;ons con&longs;ider, that if there <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg132"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;hould be as great a &longs;carcity of Earth, as there is of Jewels and <lb/>pretious metals, there would be no Prince, but would gladly give <lb/>a heap of Diamonds and Rubies, and many Wedges of Gold, <lb/>to purcha&longs;e onely &longs;o much Earth as &longs;hould &longs;uffice to plant a Ge&longs;&longs;e­<lb/>mine in a little pot, or to &longs;et therein a <emph type="italics"/>China Orange,<emph.end type="italics"/> that he might <lb/>&longs;ee it &longs;prout, grow up, and bring forth &longs;o goodly leaves, &longs;o odi­<lb/>riferous flowers, and &longs;o delicate fruit? </s>
<s>It is therefore &longs;carcity and <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg133"></arrow.to.target><lb/>plenty that make things e&longs;teemed and contemned by the vulgar; <lb/>who will &longs;ay that &longs;ame is a mo&longs;t beautiful Diamond, for that it <lb/>re&longs;embleth a cleer water, and yet will not part with it for ten <lb/>Tun of water: The&longs;e men that &longs;o extol incorruptibility, inalte­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg134"></arrow.to.target><lb/>rability, <emph type="italics"/>&c.<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;peak thus I believe out of the great de&longs;ire they <lb/>have to live long, and for fear of death; not confidering, that <lb/>if men had been immortal, they &longs;hould have had nothing to do <lb/>in the World. </s>
<s>The&longs;e de&longs;erve to meet with a <emph type="italics"/>Medu&longs;a<emph.end type="italics"/>'s head, <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg135"></arrow.to.target><lb/>that would transform them into Statues of <emph type="italics"/>Dimond<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Ja&longs;per,<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>that &longs;o they might become more perfect than they are.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg129"></margin.target>* Impatible.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg130"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The Earth very <lb/>noble, by rea&longs;on of <lb/>the many mutati­<lb/>ons made therein.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg131"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The carth unpro­<lb/>&longs;itable and full of <lb/>idlene&longs;&longs;e, its alte­<lb/>rations taken away<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg132"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The Earth more <lb/>noble than Gold <lb/>and Jewels.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg133"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Scarcity and plen­<lb/>ty enhan&longs;e and de­<lb/>ba&longs;e the price of <lb/>things.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg134"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Incorruptibility e­<lb/>&longs;teemed by the vul­<lb/>gar out of their <lb/>fear of death.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg135"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The di&longs;paragers of <lb/>corraptibility de­<lb/>&longs;erve to be turned <lb/>into Statua's.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>And it may be &longs;uch a <emph type="italics"/>Metamorpho&longs;is<emph.end type="italics"/> would not be al­<lb/>together unprofitable to them; for I am of opinion that it is bet­<lb/>ter not to di&longs;cour&longs;e at all, than to argue erroniou&longs;ly.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>There is not the lea&longs;t que&longs;tion to be made, but that <lb/>the Earth is much more perfect, being as it is alterable, mutable, <lb/><emph type="italics"/>&c.<emph.end type="italics"/> than if it had been a ma&longs;&longs;e of &longs;tone; yea although it were <lb/>one entire Diamond, mo&longs;t hard and impa&longs;&longs;ile. </s>
<s>But look how mueh <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg136"></arrow.to.target><lb/>the&longs;e qualifications enoble the Earth, they render the Heavenly <lb/>bodies again on the other &longs;ide &longs;o much the more imperfect, in <lb/>which, &longs;uch conditions would be &longs;uperfluous; in regard that the <pb pagenum="46"/>Cœle&longs;tial bodies, namely, the Sun, Moon, and the other Stars, <lb/>which are ordained for no other u&longs;e but to &longs;erve the Earth, need <lb/>no other qualities for attaining of that end, &longs;ave onely tho&longs;e of <lb/>light and motion.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg136"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The Cœle&longs;tial bo­<lb/>dies de&longs;igned to <lb/>&longs;erve the Earth, <lb/>need no more but <lb/>motion and light.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. How? </s>
<s>Will you affirm that nature hath produced and <lb/>de&longs;igned &longs;o many va&longs;t perfect and noble Cœle&longs;tial bodies, impa&longs;­<lb/>&longs;ible, immortal, and divine, to no other u&longs;e but to &longs;erve the pa&longs;­<lb/>&longs;ible, frail, and mortal Earth? </s>
<s>to &longs;erve that which you call the <lb/>dro&longs;&longs;e of the World, and &longs;ink of all uncleanne&longs;&longs;e? </s>
<s>To what <lb/>purpo&longs;e were the Cœle&longs;tial bodies made immortal, <emph type="italics"/>&c.<emph.end type="italics"/> to &longs;erve a <lb/>frail, <emph type="italics"/>&c.<emph.end type="italics"/> Take away this &longs;ub&longs;erviency to the Earth, and the in­<lb/>numerable multitude of Cœle&longs;tial bodies become wholly unu&longs;e­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg137"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ful, and &longs;uperfluous, &longs;ince they neither have nor can have any <lb/>mutual operation betwixt them&longs;elves; becau&longs;e they are all unal­<lb/>terable, immutable, impa&longs;&longs;ible: For if, for Example, the Moon <lb/>be impa&longs;&longs;ible, what influence can the Sun or any other Star have <lb/>upon her? </s>
<s>it would doubtle&longs;&longs;e have far le&longs;&longs;e effect upon her, than <lb/>that of one who would with his looks or imagination, lignifie a <lb/>piece of Gold. </s>
<s>Moreover, it &longs;eemeth to me, that whil&longs;t the Cœ­<lb/>le&longs;tial bodies concurre to the generation and alteration of the <lb/>Earth, they them&longs;elves are al&longs;o of nece&longs;&longs;ity alterable; for other­<lb/>wi&longs;e I cannot under&longs;tand how the application of the Sun or Moon <lb/>to the Earth, to effect production, &longs;hould be any other than to lay <lb/>a marble Statue by a Womans &longs;ide, and from that conjunction to <lb/>expect children.<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg138"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg137"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Celestial bodies <lb/>want an inter­<lb/>changeable opera­<lb/>tion upon each o­<lb/>ther.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg138"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Alterability, &c. <lb/></s>
<s>are not in the whole <lb/>Terre&longs;trial Globe, <lb/>but in &longs;ome of its <lb/>parts.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. Corruptibility, alteration, mutation, <emph type="italics"/>&c.<emph.end type="italics"/> are not in <lb/>the whole Terre&longs;trial Globe, which as to its whole, is no le&longs;&longs;e eter­<lb/>nal than the Sun or Moon, but it is generable and corruptible as to <lb/>its external parts; but yet it is al&longs;o true that likewi&longs;e in them ge­<lb/>neration and corruption are perpetual, and as &longs;uch require the <lb/>heavenly eternal operations; and therefore it is nece&longs;&longs;ary that <lb/>the Cœle&longs;tial bodies be eternal.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>All this is right; but if the corruptibility of the &longs;uper­<lb/>ficial parts of the Earth be nowi&longs;e prejudicial to the eternity of <lb/>its whole Globe, yea, if their being generable, corruptible, alter­<lb/>able, <emph type="italics"/>&c.<emph.end type="italics"/> gain them great ornament and perfection; why can­</s></p><p type="main">
<s><arrow.to.target n="marg139"></arrow.to.target><lb/>not, and ought not you to admit alteration, generation, <emph type="italics"/>&c.<emph.end type="italics"/> like­<lb/>wi&longs;e in the external parts of the Cœle&longs;tial Globes, adding to <lb/>them ornament, without taking from them perfection, or berea­<lb/>ving them of action; yea rather encrea&longs;ing their effects, by grant­<lb/>ing not onely that they all operate on the Earth, but that they mu­<lb/>tually operate upon each other, and the Earth al&longs;o upon them <lb/>all?</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg139"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Cœle&longs;tial bodies <lb/>alterable in their <lb/>outward parts.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>This cannot be, becau&longs;e the generations, mutations, <lb/><emph type="italics"/>&c.<emph.end type="italics"/> which we &longs;hould &longs;uppo&longs;e <emph type="italics"/>v. </s>
<s>g.<emph.end type="italics"/> in the Moon; would be vain <lb/>and u&longs;ele&longs;&longs;e, <emph type="italics"/>& natura nihil fru&longs;tra facit.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><pb pagenum="47"/><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>And why &longs;hould they be vain and u&longs;ele&longs;&longs;e?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>Becau&longs;e we cleerly &longs;ee, and feel with our hands, that <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg140"></arrow.to.target><lb/>all generations, corruptions, <emph type="italics"/>&c.<emph.end type="italics"/> made in the Earth, are all ei­<lb/>ther mediately or immediately directed to the u&longs;e, convenience, <lb/>and benefit of man; for the u&longs;e of man are hor&longs;es brought forth, <lb/>for the feeding of hor&longs;es, the Earth produceth gra&longs;&longs;e, and the <lb/>Clouds water it; for the u&longs;e and nouri&longs;hment of man, herbs, corn, <lb/>fruits, bea&longs;ts, birds, fi&longs;hes, are brought forth; and in &longs;um, if <lb/>we &longs;hould one by one dilligently examine and re&longs;olve all the&longs;e <lb/>things, we &longs;hould find the end to which they are all directed, to be <lb/>the nece&longs;&longs;ity, u&longs;e, convenience, and delight of man. </s>
<s>Now of what <lb/>u&longs;e could the generations which we &longs;uppo&longs;e to be made in the <lb/>Moon or other Planets, ever be to mankind? </s>
<s>unle&longs;&longs;e you &longs;hould <lb/>&longs;ay that there were al&longs;o men in the Moon, that might enjoy the <lb/>benefit thereof; a conceit either fabulous or impious.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg140"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The generations & <lb/>mutations happen­<lb/>ing in the Earth, <lb/>are all for the good <lb/>of Man.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>That in the Moon or other Planets, there are genera­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg141"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ted either herbs, or plants, or animals, like to ours, or that there <lb/>are rains, winds, or thunders there, as about the Earth, I nei­<lb/>ther know, nor believe, and much le&longs;&longs;e, that it is inhabited by <lb/>men: but yet I under&longs;tand not, becau&longs;e there are not genera­<lb/>ted things like to ours, that therefore it nece&longs;&longs;arily followeth, <lb/>that no alteration is wrought therein, or that there may not be <lb/>other things that change, generate, and di&longs;&longs;olve, which are not <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg142"></arrow.to.target><lb/>onely different from ours, but exceedingly beyond our imagina­<lb/>tion, and in a word, not to be thought of by us. </s>
<s>And if, as I <lb/>am certain, that one born and brought up in a &longs;patious Forre&longs;t, <lb/>among&longs;t bea&longs;ts and birds, and that hath no knowledg at all of the <lb/>Element of Water, could never come to imagine another World <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg143"></arrow.to.target><lb/>to be in Nature, different from the Eatth, full of living crea­<lb/>tures, which without legs or wings &longs;wiftly move, and not upon <lb/>the &longs;urface onely, as bea&longs;ts do upon the Earth, but in the very <lb/>bowels thereof; and not onely move, but al&longs;o &longs;tay them&longs;elves <lb/>and cea&longs;e to move at their plea&longs;ure, which birds cannot do in the <lb/>air; and that moreover men live therein, and build Palaces and <lb/>Cities, and have &longs;o great convenience in travailing, that without <lb/>the lea&longs;t trouble, they can go with their Family, Hou&longs;e, and <lb/>whole Cities, to places far remote, like as I &longs;ay, I am certain, <lb/>&longs;uch a per&longs;on, though of never &longs;o piercing an imagination, could <lb/>never fancy to him&longs;elf Fi&longs;hes, the Ocean, Ships, Fleets, <emph type="italics"/>Arma­<lb/>do's<emph.end type="italics"/> at Sea; thus, and much more ea&longs;ily, may it happn, that in <lb/>the Moon, remote from us by &longs;o great a &longs;pace, and of a &longs;ub­<lb/>&longs;tance perchance very different from the Earth, there may be mat­<lb/>ters, and operations, not only wide off, but altogether beyond <lb/>all our imaginations, as being &longs;uch as have no re&longs;emblance to <lb/>ours, and therefore wholly inexcogitable, in regard, that what we <pb pagenum="48"/>imagine to our &longs;elves, mu&longs;t nece&longs;&longs;arily be either a thing already <lb/>&longs;een, or a compo&longs;ition of things, or parts of things &longs;een at ano­<lb/>ther time; for &longs;uch are the <emph type="italics"/>Sphinxes, Sirenes, Chimœra's, Cen­<lb/>taurs,<emph.end type="italics"/> &c.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg141"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The Moon hath <lb/>no generatings of <lb/>things, like as we <lb/>have, nor is it in­<lb/>habited by men.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg142"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>In the Moon may <lb/>be a generation of <lb/>things different <lb/>from ours.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg143"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>He that had not <lb/>heard of the Ele­<lb/>ment of Water, <lb/>could never fancy <lb/>to him&longs;elf Ships <lb/>and Fi&longs;hes.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>I have very often let my fancy ruminate upon the&longs;e &longs;pe­<lb/>culations, and in the end, have thought that I had found &longs;ome <lb/>things that neither are nor can be in the Moon; but yet I <lb/>have not found therein any of tho&longs;e which I believe are, and may <lb/>be there, &longs;ave onely in a very general acceptation, namely, things <lb/>that adorn it by operating, moving and living; and perhaps in a way <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg144"></arrow.to.target><lb/>very different from ours; beholding and admiring the greatne&longs;s and <lb/>beauty of the World, and of its Maker and Ruler, and with <lb/>continual <emph type="italics"/>Encomiums<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;inging his pray&longs;es; and in &longs;umme (which is <lb/>that which I intend) doing what &longs;acred Writers &longs;o frequently af­<lb/>firm, to wit, all the creatures making it their perpetual imploy­<lb/>ment to laud God.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg144"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>There may be &longs;ub­<lb/>&longs;tances in the <lb/>Moon very diffe­<lb/>rent from ours.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>The&longs;e are the things, which &longs;peaking in general terms, <lb/>may be there; but I would gladly hear you in&longs;tance in &longs;uch as you <lb/>believe neither are nor can be there; which perchance may be <lb/>more particularly named.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>Take notice <emph type="italics"/>Sagredus<emph.end type="italics"/> that this will be the third time <lb/>that we have unawares by running from one thing to another, lo&longs;t <lb/>our principal &longs;ubject; and if we continue the&longs;e digre&longs;&longs;ions, it <lb/>will be longere we come to a conclu&longs;ion of our di&longs;cour&longs;e; there­<lb/>fore I &longs;hould judg it better to remit this, as al&longs;o &longs;uch other points, <lb/>to be decided on a particular occa&longs;ion.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>Since we are now got into the Moon, if you plea&longs;e, let <lb/>us di&longs;patch &longs;uch things as concern her, that &longs;o we be not forced to <lb/>&longs;uch another tedious journey.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>It &longs;hall be as you would have it. </s>
<s>And to begin with <lb/>things more general, I believe that the Lunar Globe is far diffe­<lb/>rent from the Terre&longs;trial, though in &longs;ome things they agree. </s>
<s>I will <lb/>recount fir&longs;t their re&longs;emblances, and next their differences. </s>
<s>The <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg145"></arrow.to.target><lb/>Moon is manife&longs;tly like to the Earth in figure, which undoubtedly <lb/>is &longs;pherical, as may be nece&longs;&longs;arily concluded from the a&longs;pect of its <lb/>&longs;urface, which is perfectly Orbicular, and the manner of its re­<lb/>ceiving the light of the Sun, from which, if its &longs;urface were flat, <lb/>it would come to be all in one and the &longs;ame time illuminated, and <lb/>likewi&longs;e again in another in&longs;tant of time ob&longs;cured, and not tho&longs;e <lb/>parts fir&longs;t, which are &longs;ituate towards the Sun, and the re&longs;t &longs;ucce&longs;­<lb/>&longs;ively, &longs;o that in its oppo&longs;ition, and not till then, its whole <lb/>apparent circumference is enlightned; which would happen quite <lb/>contrary, if the vi&longs;ible &longs;urface were concave; namely, the illu­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg146"></arrow.to.target><lb/>mination would begin from the parts oppo&longs;ite or aver&longs;e to the Sun. <lb/></s>
<s>Secondly &longs;he is as the Earth, in her &longs;elf ob&longs;cure and opacous, by <lb/>which opacity it is enabled to receive, and reflect the light of the <pb pagenum="49"/>Sun; which were it not &longs;o, it could not do. </s>
<s>Thirdly, I hold its <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg147"></arrow.to.target><lb/>matter to be mo&longs;t den&longs;e and &longs;olid as the Earth is, which I clearly <lb/>argue from the unevenne&longs;s of its &longs;uperficies in mo&longs;t places, by means <lb/>of the many eminencies and cavities di&longs;covered therein by help of <lb/>the <emph type="italics"/>&longs;ele&longs;cope<emph.end type="italics"/>: of which eminencies there are many all over it, di­<lb/>rectly re&longs;embling our mo&longs;t &longs;harp and craggy mountains, of which <lb/>you &longs;hall there perceive &longs;ome extend and run in ledges of an hun­<lb/>dred miles long; others are contracted into rounder forms; and <lb/>there are al&longs;o many craggy, &longs;olitary, &longs;teep and cliffy rocks. </s>
<s>But <lb/>that of which there are frequente&longs;t appearances, are certain Banks <lb/>(I u&longs;e this word, becau&longs;e I cannot thing of another that better ex­<lb/>pre&longs;&longs;eth them) pretty high rai&longs;ed, which environ and inclo&longs;e fields <lb/>of &longs;everal bigne&longs;&longs;es, and form &longs;undry figures, but for the mo&longs;t part <lb/>circular; many of which have in the mid&longs;t a mount rai&longs;ed pretty <lb/>high, and &longs;ome few are repleni&longs;hed with a matter &longs;omewhat ob­<lb/>&longs;cure, to wit, like to the great &longs;pots di&longs;cerned by the bare eye, and <lb/>the&longs;e are of the greate&longs;t magnitude; the number moreover of tho&longs;e <lb/>that are le&longs;&longs;er and le&longs;&longs;er is very great, and yet almo&longs;t all circular. <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg148"></arrow.to.target><lb/>Fourthly, like as the &longs;urface of our Globe is di&longs;tingui&longs;hed into two <lb/>principal parts, namely, into the Terre&longs;trial and Aquatick: &longs;o in <lb/>the Lunar &longs;urface we di&longs;cern a great di&longs;tinction of &longs;ome great fields <lb/>more re&longs;plendant, and &longs;ome le&longs;s: who&longs;e a&longs;pect makes me believe, <lb/>that that of the Earth would &longs;eem very like it, beheld by any one <lb/>from the Moon, or any other the like di&longs;tance, to be illuminated <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg149"></arrow.to.target><lb/>by the Sun: and the &longs;urface of the &longs;ea would appear more ob­<lb/>&longs;cure, and that of the Earth more bright. </s>
<s>Fifthly, like as we from <lb/>the Earth behold the Moon, one while all illuminated, another <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg150"></arrow.to.target><lb/>while half; &longs;ometimes more, &longs;ometimes le&longs;s; &longs;ometimes horned, <lb/>&longs;ometimes wholly invi&longs;ibly; namely, when its ju&longs;t under the Sun <lb/>beams; &longs;o that the parts which look towards the Earth are dark: <lb/>Thus in every re&longs;pect, one &longs;tanding in the Moon would &longs;ee the <lb/>illumination of the Earths &longs;urface by the Sun, with the &longs;ame <lb/>periods to an hair, and under the &longs;ame changes of figures. <lb/></s>
<s>Sixtly, -----</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg145"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The<emph.end type="italics"/> Fir&longs;t <emph type="italics"/>re&longs;em­<lb/>blance between the <lb/>Moon and Earth; <lb/>which is that of <lb/>figure; is proved by <lb/>the manner of be­<lb/>ing illuminated by <lb/>the Sun.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg146"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The<emph.end type="italics"/> Second <emph type="italics"/>con­<lb/>formity is the <lb/>Moons being opa­<lb/>cous as the Earth.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg147"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Thirdly, The mat­<lb/>ter of the Moon is <lb/>den&longs;e and mo ita­<lb/>nous as the Earth.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg148"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Fourthly, The <lb/>Moon is di&longs;tin­<lb/>gui&longs;hed into two <lb/>different parts for <lb/>clarity and ob&longs;cu­<lb/>rity, as the Terre­<lb/>strial Globe into <lb/>Sea and Land.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg149"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The &longs;urface of the <lb/>Sea would &longs;hew at <lb/>a di&longs;tance more ob­<lb/>&longs;oure than that of <lb/>the Earth.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg150"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Fiftly, Muta­<lb/>tion of &longs;igures in <lb/>the Earth, like to <lb/>tho&longs;e of the Moon, <lb/>and made with the <lb/>&longs;ame periods.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>Stay a little, <emph type="italics"/>Salviatus<emph.end type="italics"/>; That the illumination of <lb/>the Earth, as to the &longs;everal figures, would repre&longs;ent it &longs;elf to a per&longs;on <lb/>placed in the Moon, like in all things to that which we di&longs;cover in <lb/>the Moon, I under&longs;tand very well, but yet I cannot conceive how <lb/>it &longs;hall appear to be done in the &longs;ame period; &longs;eeing that that <lb/>which the Suns illumination doth in the Lunar &longs;uperficies in a <lb/>month, it doth in the Terre&longs;trial in twenty four hours.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>Its true, the effect of the Sun about the illuminating <lb/>the&longs;e two bodies, and repleni&longs;hing with its &longs;plendor their whole <lb/>&longs;urfaces, is di&longs;patch'd in the Earth in a Natural day, and in the <lb/>Moon in a Month; but the variation of the figures in which the <pb pagenum="50"/>illuminated parts of the Terre&longs;trial &longs;uperficies appear beheld from <lb/>the Moon, depends not on this alone, but on the divers a&longs;pects <lb/>which the Moon is &longs;till changing with the Sun; &longs;o that, if for in­<lb/>&longs;tance, the Moon punctually followed the motion of the Sun, and <lb/>&longs;tood, for example, always in a direct line between it and the <lb/>Earth, in that a&longs;pect which we call Conjunction, it looking always <lb/>to the &longs;ame Hemi&longs;phere of the Earth which the Sun looks unto, <lb/>&longs;he would behold the &longs;ame all light: as on the contrary, if it &longs;hould <lb/>always &longs;tay in Oppo&longs;ition to the Sun, it would never behold the <lb/>Earth, of which the dark part would be continually turn'd towards <lb/>the Moon, and therefore invi&longs;ible. </s>
<s>But when the Moon is in <lb/>Quadrature of the Sun, that half of the Terre&longs;trial Hemi&longs;phere ex­<lb/>po&longs;ed to the &longs;ight of the Moon which is towards the Sun, is lumi­<lb/>nous; and the other towards the contrary is ob&longs;cure: and there­<lb/>fore the illuminated part of the Earth would repre&longs;ent it &longs;elf to the <lb/>Moon in a &longs;emi-circular figure.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>I clearly perceive all this, and under&longs;tand very well, <lb/>that the Moon departing from its Oppo&longs;ition to the Sun, where it <lb/>&longs;aw no part of the illumination of the Terre&longs;trial &longs;uperficies, and <lb/>approaching day by day nearer the Sun, &longs;he begins by little and <lb/>little to di&longs;cover &longs;ome part of the face of the illuminated Earth; <lb/>and that which appeareth of it &longs;hall re&longs;emble a thin &longs;ickle, in regard <lb/>the figure of the Earth is round: and the Moon thus acquiring by <lb/>its motion day by day greater proximity to the Sun, &longs;ucce&longs;&longs;ively <lb/>di&longs;covers more and more of the Terre&longs;trial Hemi&longs;phere enlightned, <lb/>&longs;o that at the Quadrature there is ju&longs;t half of it vi&longs;ible, in&longs;omuch <lb/>that we may &longs;ee the other part of her: continuing next to proceed <lb/>towards the Conjunction, it &longs;ucce&longs;&longs;ively di&longs;covers more and more <lb/>of its &longs;urface to be illuminated, and in fine, at the time of Conjun­<lb/>ction &longs;eeth the whole Hemi&longs;phere enlightned. </s>
<s>And in &longs;hort, I <lb/>very well conceive, that what befalls the Inhabitants of the Earth, <lb/>in beholding the changes of the Moon, would happen to him that <lb/>from the Moon &longs;hould ob&longs;erve the Earth; but in a contrary order, <lb/>namely, that when the Moon is to us at her full, and in Oppo&longs;ition <lb/>to the Sun, then the Earth would be in Conjunction with the Sun, <lb/>and wholly ob&longs;cure and invi&longs;ible; on the contrary, that po&longs;ition <lb/>which is to us a Conjunction of the Moon with the Sun, and for <lb/>that cau&longs;e a <emph type="italics"/>M<emph.end type="italics"/>oon &longs;ilent and un&longs;een, would be there an Oppo&longs;ition <lb/>of the Earth to the Sun, and, to &longs;o &longs;peak, <emph type="italics"/>Full Earth,<emph.end type="italics"/> to wit, all <lb/>enlightned. </s>
<s>And la&longs;tly, look what part of the Lunar &longs;urface ap­<lb/>pears to us from time to time illuminated, &longs;o much of the Earth <lb/>in the &longs;ame time &longs;hall you behold from the Moon to be ob&longs;cured: <lb/>and look how much of the Moon is to us deprived of light, &longs;o much <lb/>of the Earth is to the Moon illuminated. </s>
<s>In one thing yet the&longs;e <lb/>mutual operations in my judgment &longs;eem to differ, and it is, that it <pb pagenum="51"/>being &longs;uppo&longs;ed, and not granted, that &longs;ome one being placed in the <lb/>Moon to ob&longs;erve the Earth, he would every day &longs;ee the whole <lb/>Terre&longs;trial &longs;uperficies, by means of the Moons going about the <lb/>Earth in twenty four or twenty five hours; but we never &longs;ee but <lb/>half of the Moon, &longs;ince it revolves not in it &longs;elf, as it mu&longs;t do to <lb/>be &longs;een in every part of it.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>So that this, befals not contrarily, namely, that her re­<lb/>volving in her &longs;elf, is the cau&longs;e that we &longs;ee not the other half of <lb/>her, for &longs;o it would be nece&longs;&longs;ary it &longs;hould be, if &longs;he had the Epicy­<lb/>cle. </s>
<s>But what other difference have you behind, to exchange for <lb/>this which you have named?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>Let me &longs;ee; Well for the pre&longs;ent I cannot think of <lb/>any other.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>And what if the Earth (as you have well noted) &longs;eeth <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg151"></arrow.to.target><lb/>no more than half the Moon, whereas from the Moon one may &longs;ee <lb/>all the Earth; and on the contrary, all the Earth &longs;eeth the Moon, and <lb/>but onely half of it &longs;eeth the Earth? </s>
<s>For the inhabitants, to &longs;o &longs;peak, <lb/>of the &longs;uperior Hemi&longs;phere of the Moon, which is to us invi&longs;ible, <lb/>are deprived of the &longs;ight of the Earth: and the&longs;e haply are the <lb/><emph type="italics"/>Anticthones.<emph.end type="italics"/> But here I remember a particular accident, newly <lb/>ob&longs;erved by our <emph type="italics"/>Academian,<emph.end type="italics"/> in the Moon, from whch are gathered <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg152"></arrow.to.target><lb/>two nece&longs;&longs;ary con&longs;equences; one is, that we &longs;ee &longs;omewhat more <lb/>than half of the Moon; and the other is, that the motion of the <lb/>Moon hath exact concentricity with the Earth: and thus he finds <lb/>the <emph type="italics"/>Phœnomenon<emph.end type="italics"/> and ob&longs;ervation. </s>
<s>When the Moon hath a cor­<lb/>re&longs;pondence and natural &longs;ympathy with the Earth, towards which <lb/>it hath its a&longs;pect in &longs;uch a determinate part, it is nece&longs;&longs;ary that the <lb/>right line which conjoyns their centers, do pa&longs;&longs;e ever by the &longs;ame <lb/>point of the Moons &longs;uperficies; &longs;o that, who &longs;o &longs;hall from the cen­<lb/>ter of the Earth behold the &longs;ame, &longs;hall alwayes &longs;ee the &longs;ame <lb/><emph type="italics"/>Di&longs;cus<emph.end type="italics"/> or Face of the Moon punctually determined by one and <lb/>the &longs;ame circumference; But if a man be placed upon the Terre­<lb/>&longs;trial &longs;urface, the ray which from his eye pa&longs;&longs;eth to the centre of the <lb/>Lunar Globe, will not pa&longs;s by the &longs;ame point of its &longs;uperficies, by <lb/>which the line pa&longs;&longs;eth that is drawn from the centre of the Earth <lb/>to that of the Moon, &longs;ave onely when it is vertical to him: but <lb/>the Moon being placed in the Ea&longs;t, or in the We&longs;t, the point of <lb/>incidence of the vi&longs;ual ray, is higher than that of the line which <lb/>conjoyns the centres; and therefore the ob&longs;erver may di&longs;cern <lb/>&longs;ome part of the Lunar Hemi&longs;phere towards the upper circumfe­<lb/>rence, and alike part of the other is invi&longs;ible: they are di&longs;cerna­<lb/>ble and undi&longs;cernable, in re&longs;pect of the Hemi&longs;phere beheld from <lb/>the true centre of the Earth: and becau&longs;e the part of the Moons <lb/>circumference, which is &longs;uperiour in its ri&longs;ing, is nethermo&longs;t in its <lb/>&longs;etting; therefore the difference of the &longs;aid &longs;uperiour and inferi­<pb pagenum="52"/>our parts mu&longs;t needs be very ob&longs;ervable; certain &longs;pots and other <lb/>notable things in tho&longs;e parts, being one while di&longs;cernable, and <lb/>another while not. </s>
<s>A like variation may al&longs;o be ob&longs;erved towards <lb/>the North and South extremities of the &longs;ame <emph type="italics"/>Di&longs;cus<emph.end type="italics"/> (or Surface) <lb/>according as the Moons po&longs;ition is in one or the other Section of <lb/>its Dragon; For, if it be North, &longs;ome of its parts towards the <lb/>North are hid, and &longs;ome of tho&longs;e parts towards the South are <lb/>di&longs;covered, and &longs;o on the contrary. </s>
<s>Now that the&longs;e con&longs;equen­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg153"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ces are really true, is verified by the <emph type="italics"/>Tele&longs;cope,<emph.end type="italics"/> for there be in <lb/>the Moon two remarkable &longs;pots, one of which, when the Moon <lb/>is in the meridian, is &longs;ituate to the Northwe&longs;t, and the other is <lb/>almo&longs;t diametrically oppo&longs;ite unto it; and the fir&longs;t of the&longs;e is vi­<lb/>&longs;ible even without the <emph type="italics"/>Tele&longs;cope<emph.end type="italics"/>; but the other is not. </s>
<s>That to­<lb/>wards the Northwe&longs;t is a rea&longs;onable great &longs;pot of oval figure, &longs;e­<lb/>parated from the other great ones; the oppo&longs;ite one is le&longs;&longs;e, and <lb/>al&longs;o &longs;evered from the bigge&longs;t, and &longs;ituate in a very cleer field; in <lb/>both the&longs;e we may manife&longs;tly di&longs;cern the fore&longs;aid variations, and <lb/>&longs;ee them one after another; now neer the edge or limb of the <lb/>Lunar <emph type="italics"/>Di&longs;cus,<emph.end type="italics"/> and anon remote, with &longs;o great difference that <lb/>the di&longs;tance betwixt the Northwe&longs;t and the circumference of the <lb/><emph type="italics"/>Di&longs;cus<emph.end type="italics"/> is more than twice as great at one time, as at the other; <lb/>and as to the &longs;econd &longs;pot (becau&longs;e it is neerer to the circumfe­<lb/>rence) &longs;uch mutation importeth more, than twice &longs;o much in the <lb/>former. </s>
<s>Hence its manife&longs;t, that the Moon, as if it were drawn <lb/>by a magnetick vertue, con&longs;tantly beholds the Terre&longs;trial Globe <lb/>with one and the &longs;ame a&longs;pect, never deviating from the &longs;ame.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg151"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>All the Earth <lb/>&longs;eeth half onely of <lb/>the Moon, & the <lb/>half onely of the <lb/>Moon &longs;eeth all the <lb/>Earth.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg152"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>From the Earth <lb/>we &longs;ee more than <lb/>half the Lunar <lb/>Globe.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg153"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Two &longs;pots in the <lb/>Moon, by which it <lb/>is perceived that <lb/>&longs;he hath respect to <lb/>the centre of the <lb/>Earth in her mo­<lb/>tion.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. Oh! when will there be an end put to the new ob­<lb/>&longs;ervations aud di&longs;coveries of this admirable In&longs;trument?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>If this &longs;ucceed according to the progre&longs;&longs;e of other great <lb/>inventions, it is to be hoped, that in proce&longs;&longs;e of time, one may <lb/>arrive to the &longs;ight of things, to us at pre&longs;ent not to be imagined. <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg154"></arrow.to.target><lb/>But returning to our fir&longs;t di&longs;cour&longs;e, I &longs;ay for the &longs;ixth re&longs;emblance <lb/>betwixt the Moon and Earth, that as the Moon for a great part <lb/>of time, &longs;upplies the want of the Suns light, and makes the <lb/>nights, by the reflection of its own, rea&longs;onable clear; &longs;o the <lb/>Earth, in recompence, affordeth it when it &longs;tands in mo&longs;t need, <lb/>by reflecting the Solar rayes, a very cleer illumination, and &longs;o <lb/>much, in my opinion, greater than that which cometh from her to <lb/>us, by how much the &longs;uperficies of the Earth is greater than that <lb/>of the Moon.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg154"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Sixthly, The <lb/>Earth and Moon <lb/>interchangeably do <lb/>illuminate.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>Hold there, <emph type="italics"/>Salviatus<emph.end type="italics"/> hold there, and permit me the <lb/>plea&longs;ure of relating to you, how at this fir&longs;t hint I have penetrated <lb/>the cau&longs;e of an accident, which I have a thou&longs;and times thought <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg155"></arrow.to.target><lb/>upon, but could never find out. </s>
<s>You would &longs;ay, that the imper­<lb/>fect light which is &longs;een in the Moon, e&longs;pecially when it is horned, <pb pagenum="53"/>comes from the reflection of the light of the Sun on the Superfi­<lb/>cies of the Earth and Sea; and that light is more clear, by how <lb/>much the horns are le&longs;&longs;e, for then the luminous part of the Earth, <lb/>beheld by the Moon, is greater, according to that which was <lb/>a little before proved; to wit, that the luminous part of the Earth, <lb/>expo&longs;ed to the Moon, is alway as great as the ob&longs;cure part of <lb/>the Moon, that is vi&longs;ible to the Earth; whereupon, at &longs;uch time <lb/>as the Moon is &longs;harp-forked, and con&longs;equently its tenebrous part <lb/>great, great al&longs;o is the illuminated part of the Earth beheld from <lb/>the Moon, and its reflection of light &longs;o much the more potent.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg155"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Light reflected <lb/>from the Earth in­<lb/>to the Moon.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>This is exactly the &longs;ame with what I was about to &longs;ay. <lb/></s>
<s>In a word, it is a great plea&longs;ure to &longs;peak with per&longs;ons judicious <lb/>and apprehen&longs;ive, and the rather to me, for that while&longs;t others <lb/>conver&longs;e and di&longs;cour&longs;e touching Axiomatical truths, I have ma­<lb/>ny times creeping into my brain &longs;uch arduous Paradoxes, that <lb/>though I have a thou&longs;and times rehear&longs;ed this which you at the ve­<lb/>ry fir&longs;t, have of your &longs;elf apprehended, yet could I never beat <lb/>it into mens brains.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>If you mean by your not being able to per&longs;wade them <lb/>to it, that you could not make them under&longs;tand the &longs;ame, I <lb/>much wonder thereat, and am very confident that if they did <lb/>not under&longs;tand it by your demon&longs;tration (your way of expre&longs;&longs;ion, <lb/>being, in my judgment, very plain) they would very hardly have <lb/>apprehended it upon the explication of any other man; but if <lb/>you mean you have not per&longs;waded them, &longs;o as to make them be­<lb/>lieve it, I wonder not, in the lea&longs;t, at this; for I confe&longs;&longs;e my <lb/>&longs;elf to be one of tho&longs;e who under&longs;tand your di&longs;cour&longs;es, but <lb/>am not &longs;atisfied therewith; for there are in this, and &longs;ome of <lb/>the other &longs;ix congruities, or re&longs;emblances, many difficulties, <lb/>which I &longs;hall in&longs;tance in, when you have gone through them <lb/>all.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>The de&longs;ire I have to find out any truth, in the acqui&longs;t <lb/>whereof the objections of intelligent per&longs;ons (&longs;uch as your &longs;elf) <lb/>may much a&longs;&longs;i&longs;t me, will cau&longs;e me to be very brief in di&longs;patching <lb/>that which remains. </s>
<s>For a &longs;eventh conformity, take their reci­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg156"></arrow.to.target><lb/>procal re&longs;pon&longs;ion as well to injuries, as favours; whereby the <lb/>Moon, which very often in the height of its illumination, by the <lb/>interpo&longs;ure of the Earth betwixt it and the Sun, is deprived of <lb/>light, and eclip&longs;ed, doth by way of revenge; in like manner, in­<lb/>te<gap/>po&longs;e it &longs;elf between the Earth and the Sun, and with its &longs;hadow <lb/>ob&longs;cureth the Earth; and although the revenge be not an&longs;wer­<lb/>able to the injury, for that the Moon often continueth, and <lb/>that for a rea&longs;onable long time, wholly immer&longs;ed in the Earths <lb/>&longs;hadow, but never was the Earth wholly, nor for any long time, <lb/>eclip&longs;ed by the Moon; yet, neverthele&longs;&longs;e, having re&longs;pect to the <pb pagenum="54"/>&longs;malne&longs;&longs;e of the body of this, in compari&longs;on to the magnitude <lb/>of the other, it cannot be denied but that the <emph type="italics"/>will<emph.end type="italics"/> and as it <lb/>were <emph type="italics"/>valour<emph.end type="italics"/> of this, is very great. </s>
<s>Thus much for their con­<lb/>gruities or re&longs;emblances. </s>
<s>It &longs;hould next follow that we di&longs;cour&longs;e <lb/>touching their di&longs;parity; but becau&longs;e <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> will favour us <lb/>with his objections again&longs;t the former, its nece&longs;&longs;ary that we hear <lb/>and examine them, before we proceed any farther.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg156"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Seventhly, The <lb/>Earth and Moon <lb/>do mutually eclip&longs;e.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>And the rather, becau&longs;e it is to be &longs;uppo&longs;ed that <lb/><emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> will not any wayes oppo&longs;e the di&longs;parities, and incon­<lb/>gruities betwixt the Earth and Moon, &longs;ince that he accounts their <lb/>&longs;ub&longs;tances extremely different.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>Among&longs;t the re&longs;emblances by you recited, in the pa­<lb/>rallel you make betwixt the Earth and Moon, I find that I can <lb/>admit none confidently &longs;ave onely the fir&longs;t, and two others; I <lb/>grant the fir&longs;t, namely, the &longs;pherical figure; howbeit, even in <lb/>this there is &longs;ome kind of difference, for that I hold that of the <lb/>Moon to be very &longs;mooth and even, as a looking-gla&longs;&longs;e, where­<lb/>as, we find and feel this of the Earth to be extraordinary montu­<lb/>ous and rugged; but this belonging to the inequality of &longs;uperfi­<lb/>cies, it &longs;hall be anon con&longs;idered, in another of tho&longs;e Re&longs;emblan­<lb/>ces by you alledged; I &longs;hall therefore re&longs;erve what I have to &longs;ay <lb/>thereof, till I come to the con&longs;ideration of that. </s>
<s>Of what you <lb/>affirm next, that the Moon &longs;eemeth, as you &longs;ay in your &longs;econd <lb/>Re&longs;emblance, opacous and ob&longs;cure in its &longs;elf, like the Earth; I <lb/>admit not any more than the fir&longs;t attribute of opacity, of which <lb/>the Eclip&longs;es of the Sun a&longs;&longs;ure me. </s>
<s>For were the Moon tran&longs;pa­<lb/>rent, the air in the total ob&longs;curation of the Sun, would not be­<lb/>come &longs;o duski&longs;h, as at &longs;uch a time it is, but by means of the <lb/>tran&longs;parency of the body of the Moon, a refracted light would <lb/>pa&longs;&longs;e through it, as we &longs;ee it doth through the thicke&longs;t clouds. </s>
<s>But <lb/>as to the ob&longs;curity, I believe not that the Moon is wholly depri­<lb/>ved of light, as the Earth; nay, that clarity which is &longs;een in the <lb/>remainder of its <emph type="italics"/>Di&longs;cus,<emph.end type="italics"/> over and above the &longs;mall cre&longs;cent en­<lb/>lightened by the Sun, I repute to be its proper and natural light, <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg157"></arrow.to.target><lb/>and not a reflection of the Earth, which I e&longs;teem unable, by <lb/>rea&longs;on of its a&longs;perity (craggine&longs;&longs;e) and ob&longs;curity, to reflect the <lb/>raies of the Sun. </s>
<s>In the third Parallel I a&longs;&longs;ent unto you in one <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg158"></arrow.to.target><lb/>part, and di&longs;&longs;ent in another: I agree in judging the body of the <lb/>Moon to be mo&longs;t &longs;olid and hard, like the Earth, yea much more; <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg159"></arrow.to.target><lb/>for if from <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> we receive that the Heavens are impenetrable, <lb/>and the Stars the mo&longs;t den&longs;e parts of Heaven, it mu&longs;t nece&longs;&longs;arily <lb/>follow, that they are mo&longs;t &longs;olid and mo&longs;t impenetrable.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg157"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The &longs;econd clarity <lb/>of the Moon e­<lb/>&longs;teemed to be its <lb/>native light.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg158"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The Earth unable <lb/>to reflect the Suns <lb/>raies.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg159"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The &longs;ub&longs;tance of <lb/>the Heavens impe­<lb/>netrable, accord­<lb/>ing to<emph.end type="italics"/> Ari&longs;totle.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>What excellent matter would the Heavens afford us for <lb/>to make Pallaces of, if we could procure a &longs;ub&longs;tance &longs;o hard and &longs;o <lb/>tran&longs;parent?</s></p><pb pagenum="55"/><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>Rather how improper, for being by its tran&longs;parence, <lb/>wholly invi&longs;ible, a man would not be able without &longs;tumbling at <lb/>the thre&longs;holds, and breaking his head again&longs;t the Walls, to pa&longs;s <lb/>from room to room.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>This danger would not befall him, if it be true, as &longs;ome <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg160"></arrow.to.target><lb/><emph type="italics"/>Peripateticks<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;ay, that it is intangible: and if one cannot <lb/>touch it, much le&longs;s can it hurt him.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg160"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The &longs;ubstance of <lb/>Heaven intangi­<lb/>ble.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>This would not &longs;erve the turn, for though the matter <lb/>of the Heavens cannot be toucht, as wanting tangible qualities: <lb/>yet may it ea&longs;ily touch the elementary bodies; and to offend us <lb/>it is as &longs;ufficient that it &longs;trike us, nay wor&longs;e, than if we &longs;hould <lb/>&longs;trike it. </s>
<s>But let us leave the&longs;e <emph type="italics"/>Pallaces,<emph.end type="italics"/> or, to &longs;ay better, the&longs;e <lb/><emph type="italics"/>Ca&longs;tles<emph.end type="italics"/> in the air, and not interrupt <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>The que&longs;tion which you have &longs;o ca&longs;ually &longs;tarted, is one <lb/>of the mo&longs;t difficulty that is di&longs;puted in Philo&longs;ophy; and I have <lb/>on that &longs;ubject mo&longs;t excellent conceits of a very learned Doctor <lb/>of <emph type="italics"/>Padoua,<emph.end type="italics"/> but it is not now time to enter upon them. </s>
<s>Therefore <lb/>returning to our purpo&longs;e, I &longs;ay that the Moon, in my opinion, is <lb/>much more &longs;olid than the Earth, but do not infer the &longs;ame, as you <lb/>do, from the craggine&longs;s and montuo&longs;ity of its &longs;uperficies; but <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg161"></arrow.to.target><lb/>rather from the contrary, namely, from its aptitude to receive (as <lb/>we &longs;ee it experimented in the harde&longs;t &longs;tones) a poli&longs;h and lu&longs;tre <lb/>exceeding that of the &longs;moothe&longs;t gla&longs;s, for &longs;uch nece&longs;&longs;arily mu&longs;t <lb/>its &longs;uperficies be, to render it apt to make &longs;o lively reflection of <lb/>the Suns rays. </s>
<s>And for tho&longs;e appearances which you mention, <lb/>of Mountains, Cliffs, Hills, Valleys, <emph type="italics"/>&c.<emph.end type="italics"/> they are all illu&longs;ions: <lb/>and I have been pre&longs;ent at certain publick di&longs;putes, where I have <lb/>heard it &longs;trongly maintained again&longs;t the&longs;e introducers of novelties, <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg162"></arrow.to.target><lb/>that &longs;uch appearances proceed from nothing el&longs;e, but from the un­<lb/>equal di&longs;tribution of the opacous and per&longs;picuous parts, of which <lb/>the Moon is inwardly and outwardly compo&longs;ed: as we &longs;ee it <lb/>often fall out in chry&longs;tal, amber, and many other precious &longs;tones <lb/>of perfect lu&longs;tre; in which by rea&longs;on of the opacity of &longs;ome parts, <lb/>and the tran&longs;parency of others, there doth appear &longs;everal conca­<lb/>vities and prominencies. </s>
<s>In the fourth re&longs;emblance, I grant, that <lb/>the &longs;uperficies of Terre&longs;trial Globe beheld from afar, would make <lb/>two different appearances, namely, one more clear, the other more <lb/>dark; but I believe that &longs;uch diver&longs;ity would &longs;ucceed quite con­<lb/>trary to what you &longs;ay; that is, I hold that the &longs;urface of the wa­<lb/>ter would appear lucid, becau&longs;e that it is &longs;mooth and tran&longs;parent; <lb/>and that of the Earth would appear ob&longs;cure, by rea&longs;on of its o­<lb/>pacity and &longs;cabro&longs;ity, ill accommodated for reflecting the light of <lb/>the Sun. </s>
<s>Concernïng the fifth compari&longs;on, I grant it wholly, and <lb/>am able, in ca&longs;e the Earth did &longs;hine as the Moon, to &longs;how the <lb/>&longs;ame to any one that &longs;hould from thence above behold it, repre­<pb pagenum="56"/>&longs;ented by figures an&longs;werable to tho&longs;e which we &longs;ee in the Moon: <lb/>I comprehend al&longs;o, how the period of its illumination and varia­<lb/>tion of figure, would be monthly, albeit the Sun revolves round <lb/>about it in twenty four hours: and la&longs;tly, I do not &longs;cruple to <lb/>admit, that the half onely of the Moon &longs;eeth all the Earth, and <lb/>that all the Earth &longs;eeth but onely half of the Moon. </s>
<s>For what <lb/>remains, I repute it mo&longs;t fal&longs;e, that the Moon can receive light <lb/>from the Earth, which is mo&longs;t ob&longs;cure, opacous, and utterly un­<lb/>apt to reflect the Suns light, as the Moon doth reflect it to us: and <lb/>as I have &longs;aid, I hold that that light which we &longs;ee in the remain­<lb/>der of the Moons face (the &longs;plendid cre&longs;cents &longs;ubducted) by the <lb/>illumination, is the proper and natural light of the Moon, and no <lb/>ea&longs;ie matter would induce me to believe otherwi&longs;e. </s>
<s>The &longs;eventh, <lb/>touching the mutual Eclip&longs;es, may be al&longs;o admitted; howbeit <lb/>that is wont to be called the eclip&longs;e of the Sun, which you are <lb/>plea&longs;ed to phra&longs;e the eclip&longs;e of the Earth. </s>
<s>And this is what <emph type="italics"/>I<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>have at this time to &longs;ay in oppo&longs;ition to your &longs;even congruities <lb/>or re&longs;emblances, to which objections, if you are minded to make <lb/>any reply, <emph type="italics"/>I<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;hall willingly hear you.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg161"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The &longs;uperficies of <lb/>the Moon more <lb/>&longs;leek than any <lb/>Looking-glaß.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg162"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The eminencies <lb/>and cavities in the <lb/>Moon are illu&longs;ions <lb/>of its opacous and <lb/>perspicuous parts.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>If I have well apprehended what you have an&longs;wered, it <lb/>&longs;eems to me, that there &longs;till remains in controver&longs;ie between us, cer­<lb/>tain conditions, which I made common betwixt the Moon & Earth, <lb/>and they are the&longs;e; You e&longs;teem the Moon to be &longs;mooth and poli&longs;ht, <lb/>as a Looking-gla&longs;s, and as &longs;uch, able to reflect the Suns light; and <lb/>contrarily, the Earth, by rea&longs;on of its montuo&longs;ity, unable to make <lb/>&longs;uch reflection: You yield the Moon to be &longs;olid and hard, and that <lb/>you argue from its being &longs;mooth and polite, and not from its being <lb/>montuous; and for its appearing montuous, you a&longs;&longs;ign as the <lb/>cau&longs;e, that it con&longs;i&longs;ts of parts more and le&longs;s opacous and per&longs;pi­<lb/>cuous. </s>
<s>And la&longs;tly, you e&longs;teem that &longs;econdary light, to be proper <lb/>to the <emph type="italics"/>M<emph.end type="italics"/>oon, and not reflected from the Earth; howbeit you <lb/>&longs;eem not to deny the &longs;ea, as being of a &longs;mooth &longs;urface, &longs;ome <lb/>kind of reflection. </s>
<s>As to the convincing you of that error, that <lb/>the reflection of the <emph type="italics"/>M<emph.end type="italics"/>oon is made, as it were, like that of a <lb/>Looking-gla&longs;s, <emph type="italics"/>I<emph.end type="italics"/> have &longs;mall hope, whil&longs;t <emph type="italics"/>I<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;ee, that what hath <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg163"></arrow.to.target><lb/>been read in the ^{*} <emph type="italics"/>Saggiator<emph.end type="italics"/> and in the <emph type="italics"/>Solar Letters<emph.end type="italics"/> of our <emph type="italics"/>Com­<lb/>mon Friend,<emph.end type="italics"/> hath profited nothing in your judgment, if haply <lb/>you have attentively read what he hath there written on this &longs;ub­<lb/>ject.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg163"></margin.target>* <emph type="italics"/>Il Saggiatore, & <lb/>Lettere Solari,<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>two Treati&longs;es of <lb/><emph type="italics"/>Galilæus.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. <emph type="italics"/>I<emph.end type="italics"/> have peru&longs;ed the &longs;ame &longs;o &longs;uperficially, according to <lb/>the &longs;mall time of lea&longs;ure allowed me from more &longs;olid &longs;tudies; <lb/>therefore, if you think you can, either by repeating &longs;ome of tho&longs;e <lb/>rea&longs;ons, or by alledging others, re&longs;olve me the&longs;e doubts, <emph type="italics"/>I<emph.end type="italics"/> will <lb/>hearken to them attentively.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. <emph type="italics"/>I<emph.end type="italics"/> will tell you what comes into my mind upon the <pb pagenum="57"/>in&longs;tant, and its po&longs;&longs;ible it may be a commixtion of my own con­<lb/>ceipts; and tho&longs;e which I have &longs;ometime read in the fore-&longs;aid <lb/>Books, by which I well remember, that I was then perfectly <lb/>&longs;atisfied, although the conclu&longs;ions, at fir&longs;t &longs;ight &longs;eem'd unto me <lb/>&longs;trange Paradoxes. </s>
<s>We enquire <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> whether to the ma­<lb/>king a reflection of light, like that which we receive from the <lb/>Moon, it be nece&longs;&longs;ary that the &longs;uperficies from whence the refle­<lb/>ction commeth, be &longs;o &longs;mooth and polite, as the face of a Looking­<lb/>Gla&longs;&longs;e, or whether a &longs;uperficies not &longs;mooth or poli&longs;ht, but rough <lb/>and uneven, be more apt for &longs;uch a purpo&longs;e. </s>
<s>Now &longs;uppo&longs;ing <lb/>two reflections &longs;hould come unto us, one more bright, the other <lb/>le&longs;&longs;e, from two &longs;uperficies oppo&longs;ite unto us, I demand of you, <lb/>which of the two &longs;uperficies you think would repre&longs;ent it &longs;elf to <lb/>our &longs;ight, to be the cleare&longs;t, and which the ob&longs;cure&longs;t.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>I am very confident, that that &longs;ame, which mo&longs;t for­<lb/>cibly reflected the light upon me, would &longs;hew its &longs;elf in its a&longs;pect <lb/>the clearer, and the other darker.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>Be plea&longs;ed to take that Gla&longs;&longs;e which hangs on yonder <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg164"></arrow.to.target><lb/>Wall, and let us go out into the Court-yard. </s>
<s>Come <emph type="italics"/>Sagredus.<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>Now hang the gla&longs;&longs;e yonder, again&longs;t that &longs;ame Wall, on which <lb/>the Sun &longs;hines, and now let us with-draw our &longs;elves into the &longs;hade. <lb/></s>
<s>See yonder two &longs;uperficies beaten by the Sun, namely, the Wall <lb/>and the Gla&longs;&longs;e. </s>
<s>Tell me now which appears cleare&longs;t unto you, <lb/>that of the Wall or that of the Gla&longs;&longs;e? </s>
<s>Why do you not an&longs;wer <lb/>me?</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg164"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>It is proved at <lb/>large that the <lb/>Moons &longs;urface is <lb/>&longs;harp.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>I leave the reply to <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> who made the que&longs;ti­<lb/>on; but I, for my own part, am per&longs;waded upon this &longs;mall be­<lb/>ginning of the experiment, that the Moon mu&longs;t be of a very un­<lb/>poli&longs;ht &longs;urface.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>What &longs;ay you <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> if you were to depaint that <lb/>Wall, and that Gla&longs;&longs;e fa&longs;tened unto it, where would you u&longs;e <lb/>your darke&longs;t colours, in de&longs;igning the Wall, or el&longs;e in painting <lb/>the Looking-Gla&longs;&longs;e.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>Much the darker in depainting the Gla&longs;&longs;e.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>Now if from the &longs;uperficies, which repre&longs;ents it &longs;elf <lb/>more clear, there proceedeth a more powerful reflection of light, <lb/>the Wall will more forcibly reflect the raies of the Sun, than the <lb/>Gla&longs;&longs;e.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>Very well, Sir, have you ever a better experiment <lb/>than this? </s>
<s>you have placed us where the Gla&longs;&longs;e doth not rever­<lb/>berate upon us; but come along with me a little this way; how, <lb/>will you not &longs;tir?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>You perhaps &longs;eek the place of the reflection, which the <lb/>Gla&longs;&longs;e makth.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>I do &longs;o.</s></p><pb pagenum="58"/><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>Why look you, there it is upon the oppo&longs;ite Wall, ju&longs;t <lb/>as big as the Gla&longs;&longs;e, and little le&longs;&longs;e bright than if the Sun had <lb/>directly &longs;hined upon it.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>Come hither therefore, and &longs;ee from hence the &longs;ur­<lb/>face of the Gla&longs;&longs;e, and tell me whether you think it more ob­<lb/>&longs;cure than that of the Wall.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>Look on it your &longs;elf, for I have no mind at this time, <lb/>to dazle my eyes; and I know very well, without &longs;eeing it, <lb/>that it there appears as &longs;plendid and bright as the Sun it &longs;elf, or <lb/>little le&longs;&longs;e.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>What &longs;ay you therefore, is the reflection of a Gla&longs;&longs;e <lb/>le&longs;&longs;e powerful than that of a Wall? </s>
<s>I &longs;ee, that in this oppo&longs;ite <lb/>Wall, where the reflection of the other illuminated Wall comes, <lb/>together with that of the Gla&longs;&longs;e, this of the Gla&longs;&longs;e is much <lb/>clearer; and I &longs;ee likewi&longs;e, that, from this place where I &longs;tand, <lb/>the gla&longs;&longs;e it &longs;elf appears with much more lu&longs;tre than the Wall.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>You have prevented me with your &longs;ubtlety; for I &longs;tood <lb/>in need of this very ob&longs;ervation to demon&longs;trate what remains. <lb/></s>
<s>You &longs;ee then the difference which happens betwixt the two refle­<lb/>ctions made by the two &longs;uperficies of the Wall and Gla&longs;&longs;e, per­<lb/>cu'&longs;t in the &longs;elf-&longs;ame manner, by the rayes of the Sun; and you <lb/>&longs;ee, how the reflection which comes from the Wall, diffu&longs;eth it <lb/>&longs;elf towards all the parts oppo&longs;ite to it, but that of the Gla&longs;&longs;e <lb/>goeth towards one part onely, not at all bigger than the Gla&longs;&longs;e <lb/>it &longs;elf: you &longs;ee likewi&longs;e, how the &longs;uperficies of the Wall, beheld <lb/>from what part &longs;oever, alwayes &longs;hews it &longs;elf of one and the &longs;ame <lb/>cleerne&longs;&longs;e, and every way, much clearer than that of the Gla&longs;&longs;e, <lb/>excepting only in that little place, on which the Gla&longs;&longs;es reflection <lb/>reverberates, for from thence indeed the Gla&longs;&longs;e appears much more <lb/>lucid than the Wall. </s>
<s>By the&longs;e &longs;o &longs;en&longs;ible, and palpable experi­<lb/>ments, my thinks one may &longs;oon come to know, whether the <lb/>reflection which the Moon &longs;ends upon us, proceed as from a <lb/>Gla&longs;&longs;e, or el&longs;e, as from a Wall, that is, from a &longs;mooth &longs;uperfi­<lb/>cies, or a rugged.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>If I were in the Moon it &longs;elf, I think I could not with <lb/>my hands more plainly feel the unevenne&longs;&longs;e of its &longs;uperficies, than <lb/>I do now perceive it, by apprehending your di&longs;cour&longs;e. </s>
<s>The Moon <lb/>beheld in any po&longs;ture, in re&longs;pect of the Sun and us, &longs;heweth us <lb/>its &longs;uperficies, touch't by the Suns rayes, alwayes equally clear; <lb/>an effect, which an&longs;wers to an hair that of the Wall, which be­<lb/>held from what place &longs;oever, appeareth equally bright, and dif­<lb/>fereth from the Gla&longs;&longs;e, which from one place onely appeareth lu­<lb/>cid, and from all others ob&longs;cure. </s>
<s>Moreover, the light which <lb/>cometh to me from the reflection of the Wall, is tollerable, <lb/>and weak, in compari&longs;on of that of the Gla&longs;&longs;e, which is little <pb pagenum="59"/>le&longs;&longs;e forcible and offen&longs;ive to the &longs;ight, than that primary and <lb/>direct light of the Sun. </s>
<s>And thus without trouble do we behold <lb/>the face of the Moon; which were it as a Gla&longs;&longs;e, it appearing to <lb/>us by rea&longs;on of its vicinity, as big as the Sun it &longs;elf, its &longs;plendor <lb/>would be ab&longs;olutely intollerable, and would &longs;eem as if we beheld <lb/>another Sun.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>A&longs;cribe not, I be&longs;eech you <emph type="italics"/>Sagredus,<emph.end type="italics"/> more to my de­<lb/>mon&longs;tration, than it produceth. </s>
<s>I will oppo&longs;e you with an in&longs;tance, <lb/>which I &longs;ee not well how you can ea&longs;ily re&longs;olve. </s>
<s>You in&longs;i&longs;t upon it <lb/>as a grand difference between the Moon and Gla&longs;&longs;e, that it emits <lb/>its reflection towards all parts equally, as doth the Wall; where­<lb/>as the Gla&longs;&longs;e ca&longs;ts it upon one onely determinate place; and from <lb/>hence you conclude the Moon to be like to the Wall, and not to <lb/>the Gla&longs;&longs;e: But I mu&longs;t tell you, that that &longs;ame Gla&longs;&longs;e ca&longs;ts its <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg165"></arrow.to.target><lb/>reflection on one place onely, becau&longs;e its &longs;urface is flat, and the <lb/>reflex rayes being to depart at angles equal to tho&longs;e of the rayes <lb/>of incidence, it mu&longs;t follow that from a plane or flat &longs;uperficies, <lb/>they do depart unitedly towards the &longs;ame place; but in regard <lb/>that the &longs;uperficies of the Moon is not plain, but &longs;pherical, and <lb/>the incident rayes upon &longs;uch a &longs;uperficies, being to reflect them­<lb/>&longs;elves at angles equal to tho&longs;e of the incidence towards all parts, <lb/>by means of the infinity of the inclinations which compo&longs;e the <lb/>&longs;pherical &longs;uperficies, therefore the Moon may &longs;end forth its reflecti­<lb/>on every way; and there is no nece&longs;&longs;ity for its repercu&longs;&longs;ion upon one <lb/>place onely, as that Gla&longs;&longs;e which is flat.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg165"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Flat Looking­<lb/>gla&longs;&longs;es ca&longs;t forth <lb/>the reflection to­<lb/>wards but one <lb/>place, but the <lb/>&longs;pherical every <lb/>way.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>This is one of the very &longs;ame objections, which I in­<lb/>tended to have made again&longs;t him.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>If this be one, you had need have more of them; yet <lb/>I tell you, that as to this fir&longs;t, it &longs;eems to me to make more a­<lb/>gain&longs;t you, than for you.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>You have pronounced as a thing manife&longs;t, that the refle­<lb/>ction made by that Wall, is as cleer and lucid as that which the <lb/>Moon &longs;ends forth, and I e&longs;teem it nothing in compari&longs;on thereto. <lb/></s>
<s>“For, in this bu&longs;ine&longs;&longs;e of the illumination, its requi&longs;ite to re&longs;pect, <lb/>and to di&longs;tingui&longs;h the <emph type="italics"/>Sphere<emph.end type="italics"/> of <emph type="italics"/>Activity<emph.end type="italics"/>; and who que&longs;tions <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg166"></arrow.to.target><lb/>but the Cœle&longs;tial bodies have greater Spheres of activity, than <lb/>the&longs;e our elementary, frail, and mortal ones? </s>
<s>and that Wall, <lb/>finally, what el&longs;e is it but a little ob&longs;cure Earth, unapt to <lb/>&longs;hine?”</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg166"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The &longs;phere of <lb/>Activity greater <lb/>in the Cœle&longs;tial <lb/>bodies than in Ele­<lb/>mentary.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s><emph type="italics"/>S<emph.end type="italics"/>AGR. </s>
<s>And here al&longs;o I believe, that you very much deceive your <lb/>felf. </s>
<s>But I come to the fir&longs;t objection moved by <emph type="italics"/>Salviatus<emph.end type="italics"/>; and <lb/>I con&longs;ider, that to make a body appear unto us luminous, it &longs;uf­<lb/>ficeth not that the rayes of the illuminating body fall upon it, <lb/>but it is moreover requi&longs;ite that the reflex rayes arrive to our <lb/>eye; as is manife&longs;tly &longs;een in the example of that Gla&longs;&longs;e, upon <pb pagenum="60"/>which, without que&longs;tion, the illuminating rayes of the Sun do <lb/>come; yet neverthele&longs;&longs;e, it appears not to us bright and &longs;hining, <lb/>unle&longs;&longs;e we &longs;et our eye in that particular place, where the refle­<lb/>ction arriveth. </s>
<s>Now let us con&longs;ider what would &longs;ucceed, were <lb/>the gla&longs;&longs;e of a &longs;pherical figure; for without doubt, we &longs;hould <lb/>find, that of the reflection made by the whole &longs;urface illumina­<lb/>ted, that to be but a very &longs;mall part, which arriveth to the eye <lb/>of a particular beholder; by rea&longs;on that that is but an incon&longs;ide­<lb/>rable particle of the whole &longs;pherical &longs;uperficies, the inclination <lb/>of which ca&longs;ts the ray to the particular place of the eye; whence <lb/>the part of the &longs;pherical &longs;uperficies, which &longs;hews it &longs;elf &longs;hining <lb/>to the eye, mu&longs;t needs be very &longs;mall; all the re&longs;t being repre­<lb/>&longs;ented ob&longs;cure. </s>
<s>So that were the Moon &longs;mooth, as a Looking­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg167"></arrow.to.target><lb/>gla&longs;&longs;e, a very &longs;mall part would be &longs;een by any particular eye to <lb/>be illu&longs;trated by the Sun, although its whole Hemi&longs;phere were ex­<lb/>po&longs;ed to the Suns rayes; and the re&longs;t would appear to the eye of <lb/>the beholder as not illuminated, and therefore invi&longs;ible; and <lb/>finally, the whole Moon would be likewi&longs;e invi&longs;ible, for &longs;o much <lb/>as that particle, whence the reflection &longs;hould come, by rea&longs;on of <lb/>its &longs;malne&longs;&longs;e and remotene&longs;&longs;e, would be lo&longs;t. </s>
<s>And as it would be <lb/>invi&longs;ible to the eye, &longs;o would it not afford any light; for it is al­<lb/>together impo&longs;&longs;ible, that a bright body &longs;hould take away our <lb/>darkne&longs;&longs;e by its &longs;plendor, and we not to &longs;ee it.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg167"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The Moon if it <lb/>were &longs;mooth, like a <lb/>&longs;pherical gla&longs;&longs;e, <lb/>would be invi&longs;ible.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>Stay good <emph type="italics"/>Sagredus,<emph.end type="italics"/> for I &longs;ee &longs;ome emotions in <lb/>the face and eyes of <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> which are to me as indices that <lb/>he is not either very apprehen&longs;ive of, or &longs;atisfied with this which <lb/>you, with admirable proof, and ab&longs;olute truth have &longs;poken. <lb/></s>
<s>And yet I now call to mind, that I can by another experiment <lb/>remove all &longs;cruple. </s>
<s>I have &longs;een above in a Chamber, a great <lb/>&longs;pherical Looking-gla&longs;&longs;e; let us &longs;end for it hither, and while&longs;t it <lb/>is in bringing, let <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> return to con&longs;ider, how great the <lb/>clarity is which cometh to the Wall here, under the penthou&longs;e, <lb/>from the reflection of the flat gla&longs;&longs;e.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>I &longs;ee it is little le&longs;&longs;e &longs;hining, than if the Sun had di­<lb/>rectly beat upon it.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>So indeed it is. </s>
<s>Now tell me, if taking away that &longs;mall <lb/>flat gla&longs;&longs;e, we &longs;hould put that great &longs;pherical one in the &longs;ame <lb/>place, what effect (think you) would its reflection have upon the <lb/>&longs;ame Wall?</s></p><p type="main">
<s><emph type="italics"/>S<emph.end type="italics"/>IMPL. </s>
<s>I believe that it would eject upon it a far greater and <lb/>more diffu&longs;ed light.</s></p><p type="main">
<s><emph type="italics"/>S<emph.end type="italics"/>ALV. </s>
<s>But if the illumination &longs;hould be nothing, or &longs;o <lb/>&longs;mall, that you would &longs;car&longs;e di&longs;cern it, what would you &longs;ay <lb/>then?</s></p><p type="main">
<s><emph type="italics"/>S<emph.end type="italics"/>IMPL. </s>
<s>When I have &longs;een the effect, I will bethink my &longs;elf <lb/>of an an&longs;wer.</s></p><pb pagenum="61"/><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>See here is the gla&longs;&longs;e, which I would have to be placed <lb/>clo&longs;e to the other. </s>
<s>But fir&longs;t let us go yonder towards the reflection <lb/>of that flat one, and attentively ob&longs;erve its clarity; &longs;ee how <lb/>bright it is here where it &longs;hines, and how di&longs;tinctly one may di&longs;cern <lb/>the&longs;e &longs;mall unevenne&longs;&longs;es in the Wall.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>I have &longs;een and very well ob&longs;erved the &longs;ame, now place <lb/>the other gla&longs;&longs;e by the &longs;ide of the fir&longs;t.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>See where it is. </s>
<s>It was placed there a&longs;&longs;oon as you be­<lb/>gan to look upon the Walls &longs;mall unevenne&longs;&longs;es, and you percei­<lb/>ved it not, &longs;o great was the encrea&longs;e of the light all over the re&longs;t of <lb/>the Wall. </s>
<s>Now take away the flat gla&longs;&longs;e. </s>
<s>Behold now all refle­<lb/>ction removed, though the great convex gla&longs;&longs;e &longs;till remaineth. <lb/></s>
<s>Remove this al&longs;o, and place it there again if you plea&longs;e, and you <lb/>&longs;hall &longs;ee no alteration of light in all the Wall. </s>
<s>See here then de­<lb/>mon&longs;trated to &longs;en&longs;e, that the reflection of the Sun, made upon a <lb/>&longs;pherical convex gla&longs;&longs;e, doth not &longs;en&longs;ibly illuminate the places neer <lb/>unto it. </s>
<s>Now what &longs;ay you to this experiment?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>I am afraid that there may be &longs;ome <emph type="italics"/>Leigerdemain,<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>u&longs;ed in this affair; yet in beholding that gla&longs;&longs;e I &longs;ee it dart forth <lb/>a great &longs;plendor, which dazleth my eyes; and that which im­<lb/>ports mo&longs;t of all, I &longs;ee it from what place &longs;oever I look upon it; <lb/>and I &longs;ee it go changing &longs;ituation upon the &longs;uperficies of the gla&longs;&longs;e, <lb/>which way &longs;oever I place my &longs;elf to look upon it; a nece&longs;&longs;ary ar­<lb/>gument, that the light is livelily reflected towards every &longs;ide, and <lb/>con&longs;equently, as &longs;trongly upon all that Wall, as upon my eye.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>Now you &longs;ee how cautiou&longs;ly and re&longs;ervedly you ought <lb/>to proceed in lending your a&longs;&longs;ent to that, which di&longs;cour&longs;e alone re­<lb/>pre&longs;enteth to you. </s>
<s>There is no doubt but that this which you &longs;ay, <lb/>carrieth with it probability enough, yet you may &longs;ee, how &longs;en&longs;i­<lb/>ble experience proves the contrary.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>How then doth this come to pa&longs;s?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>I will deliver you my thoughts thereof, but I cannot <lb/>tell how you may be plea&longs;'d therewith. </s>
<s>And fir&longs;t, that lively <lb/>&longs;plendor which you &longs;ee upon the gla&longs;s, and which you think occu­<lb/>pieth a good part thereof, is nothing near &longs;o great, nay is very ex­<lb/>ceeding &longs;mall; but its liveline&longs;s occa&longs;ioneth in your eye, (by means <lb/>of the reflection made on the humidity of the extream parts of the <lb/>eye-brows, which di&longs;tendeth upon the pupil) an adventitious irradi­<lb/>ation, like to that blaze which we think we &longs;ee about the flame of <lb/>a candle placed at &longs;ome di&longs;tance; or if you will, you may <lb/>re&longs;emble it to the adventitious &longs;plendor of a &longs;tar; for if you &longs;hould <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg168"></arrow.to.target><lb/>compare the &longs;mall body <emph type="italics"/>v. </s>
<s>g.<emph.end type="italics"/> of the <emph type="italics"/>Canicula,<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;een in the day time <lb/>with the <emph type="italics"/>Tele&longs;cope,<emph.end type="italics"/> when it is &longs;een without &longs;uch irradiation, with <lb/>the &longs;ame &longs;een by night by the eye it &longs;elf, you will doubtle&longs;s com­<lb/>prehend that being irradiated, it appeareth above a thou&longs;and <pb pagenum="62"/>times bigger than the naked and real body: and a like or greater <lb/>augmentation doth the image of the Sun make, which you &longs;ee in <lb/>that gla&longs;s. </s>
<s>I &longs;ay greater, for that it is more lively than the &longs;tar, <lb/>as is manife&longs;t from our being able to behold the &longs;tar with much <lb/>le&longs;s offence, than this reflection of the gla&longs;s. </s>
<s>The reverberation <lb/>therefore which is to di&longs;pere it &longs;elf all over this wall, cometh from <lb/>a &longs;mall part of that gla&longs;s, and that which even now came from <lb/>the whole flat gla&longs;s di&longs;per&longs;ed and re&longs;train'd it &longs;elf to a very &longs;mall <lb/>part of the &longs;aid wall. </s>
<s>What wonder is it then, that the fir&longs;t re­<lb/>flection very lively illuminates, and that this other is almo&longs;t im­<lb/>perceptible?</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg168"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The &longs;mall body of <lb/>the &longs;tars fringed <lb/>round about with <lb/>rays, appeareth ve­<lb/>ry much biggerthan <lb/>plain and naked, <lb/>and in its native <lb/>clarity.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>I find my &longs;elf more perplexed than ever, and there <lb/>pre&longs;ents it &longs;elf unto me the other difficulty, how it can be that <lb/>that wall, being of a matter &longs;o ob&longs;cure, and of a &longs;uperficies &longs;o un­<lb/>poli&longs;h'd, &longs;hould be able to dart from it greater light, than a gla&longs;s <lb/>very &longs;mooth and polite.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>Greater light it is not, but more univer&longs;al; for as to <lb/>the degree of brightne&longs;s, you &longs;ee that the reflection of that &longs;mall <lb/>flat gla&longs;s, where it beamed forth yonder under the &longs;hadow of the <lb/>penthou&longs;e, illuminateth very much; and the re&longs;t of the wall which <lb/>receiveth the reflection of the wall on which the gla&longs;s is placed, <lb/>is not in any great mea&longs;ure illuminated, as was the &longs;mall part on <lb/>which the reflection of the gla&longs;s fell. </s>
<s>And if you would under­<lb/>&longs;tand the whole of this bu&longs;ine&longs;s, you mu&longs;t con&longs;ider that the &longs;uper­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg169"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ficies of that wall's being rough, is the &longs;ame as if it were compo­<lb/>&longs;ed of innumerable &longs;mall &longs;uperficies, di&longs;po&longs;ed according to in­<lb/>numerable diver&longs;ities of inclinations: among&longs;t which it nece&longs;&longs;a­<lb/>rily happens, that there are many di&longs;po&longs;ed to &longs;end forth their <lb/>reflex rays from them into &longs;uch a place, many others into another: <lb/>and in &longs;um, there is not any place to which there comes not very <lb/>many rays, reflected from very many &longs;mall &longs;uperficies, di&longs;per&longs;ed <lb/>throughout the whole &longs;uperficies of the rugged body, upon which <lb/>the rays of the Sun fall. </s>
<s>From which it nece&longs;&longs;arily follow­<lb/>eth, That upon any, what&longs;oever, part of any &longs;uperficies, <lb/>oppo&longs;ed to that which receiveth the primary incident rays, <lb/>there is produced reflex rays, and con&longs;equently illumi­<lb/>nation. </s>
<s>There doth al&longs;o follow thereupon, That the &longs;ame <lb/>body upon which the illuminating rays fall, beheld from <lb/>what&longs;oever place, appeareth all illuminated and &longs;hining: and <lb/>therefore the Moon, as being of a &longs;uperficies rugged and <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg170"></arrow.to.target><lb/>not &longs;mooth, beameth forth the light of the Sun on every <lb/>&longs;ide, and to all beholders appeareth equally lucid. </s>
<s>But if <lb/>the &longs;urface of it, being &longs;pherical, were al&longs;o &longs;mooth as a gla&longs;s, it <lb/>would become wholly invi&longs;ible; fora&longs;much as that &longs;mall part, <lb/>from which the image of the Sun &longs;hould be reflected unto the eye <pb pagenum="63"/>of a particular per&longs;on, by rea&longs;on of its great di&longs;tance would be in­<lb/>vi&longs;ible, as I have &longs;aid before.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg169"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The reflex light <lb/>of uneven bodies, is <lb/>more univer&longs;al <lb/>than that of the <lb/>&longs;mooth, & why.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg170"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The Moon, if it <lb/>were &longs;mooth and <lb/>&longs;leek, would be in­<lb/>vi&longs;ible.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>I am very apprehen&longs;ive of your di&longs;cour&longs;e; yet me­<lb/>thinks I am able to re&longs;olve the &longs;ame with very little trouble; and <lb/>ea&longs;ily to maintain, that the Moon is rotund and polite, and that it <lb/>reflects the Suns light unto us in manner of a gla&longs;s; nor there­<lb/>fore ought the image of the Sun to be &longs;een in the middle of it, “for­<lb/>a&longs;much as the &longs;pecies of the Sun it &longs;elf admits not its &longs;mall figure <lb/>to be &longs;een at &longs;o great a di&longs;tance, but the light produced by the <lb/>Sun may help us to conceive that it illuminateth the whole Lu­<lb/>nar Body: a like effect we may &longs;ee in a plate gilded and well <lb/>polli&longs;h'd, which touch't by a luminous body, appeareth to him <lb/>that beholds it at &longs;ome di&longs;tance to be all &longs;hining; and onely near <lb/>at hand one may di&longs;cover in the middle of it the &longs;mall image of <lb/>the luminous body.”</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>Ingenuou&longs;ly confe&longs;&longs;ing my dullne&longs;s of apprehen&longs;ion, <lb/>I mu&longs;t tell you, that I under&longs;tand not any thing of this your di&longs;­<lb/>cour&longs;e, &longs;ave onely what concerns the gilt plate: and if you permit <lb/>me to &longs;peak freely, I have a great conceit that you al&longs;o under&longs;tand <lb/>not the &longs;ame, but have learnt by heart tho&longs;e words written by &longs;ome <lb/>one out of a de&longs;ire of contradiction, and to &longs;hew him&longs;elf more intel­<lb/>ligent than his adver&longs;ary; but it mu&longs;t be to tho&longs;e, which to appear <lb/>al&longs;o more wi&longs;e, applaud that which they do not under&longs;tand, and <lb/>entertain a greater conceit of per&longs;ons, the le&longs;s they are by them <lb/>under&longs;tood: and the writer him&longs;elf may be one of tho&longs;e (of which <lb/>there are many) who write what they do not under&longs;tand, and <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg171"></arrow.to.target><lb/>con&longs;equently under&longs;tand not what they write. </s>
<s>Therefore, o­<lb/>mitting the re&longs;t, I reply, as to the gilt plate, that if it be flat and <lb/>not very big, it may appear at a di&longs;tance very bright, whil&longs;t a great <lb/>light beameth upon it, but yet it mu&longs;t be when the eye is in a de­<lb/>terminate line, namely in that of the reflex rays: and it will ap­<lb/>pear the more &longs;hining, if it were <emph type="italics"/>v. </s>
<s>g.<emph.end type="italics"/> of &longs;ilver, by means of its <lb/>being burni&longs;hed, and apt through the great den&longs;ity of the metal, <lb/>to receive a perfect poli&longs;h. </s>
<s>And though its &longs;uperficies, being very <lb/>well brightned, were not exactly plain, but &longs;hould have various in­<lb/>clinations, yet then al&longs;o would its &longs;plendor be &longs;een many ways; <lb/>namely, from as many places as the various reflections, made by <lb/>the &longs;everal &longs;uperficies, do reach: for therefore are Diamonds <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg172"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ground to many &longs;ides, that &longs;o their plea&longs;ing lu&longs;tre might be beheld <lb/>from many places. </s>
<s>But if the Plate were very big, though it &longs;hould <lb/>be all plain, yet would it not at a di&longs;tance appear all over &longs;hining: <lb/>and the better to expre&longs;s my &longs;elf, Let us &longs;uppo&longs;e a very large gilt <lb/>plate expo&longs;ed to the Sun, it will &longs;hew to an eye far di&longs;tant, the <lb/>image of the Sun, to occupy no more but a certain part of the &longs;aid <lb/>plate; to wit, that from whence the reflection of the incident <pb pagenum="64"/>&longs;olar rays come: but it is true that by the vivacity of the light, the <lb/>&longs;aid image will appear fringed about with many rays, and &longs;o will <lb/>&longs;eem to occupie a far greater part of the plate, than really it doth. <lb/></s>
<s>And to &longs;hew that this is true, when you have noted the particular <lb/>place of the plate from whence the reflection cometh, and concei­<lb/>ved likewi&longs;e how great the &longs;hining place appeared to you, cover the <lb/>greater part of that &longs;ame &longs;pace, leaving it only vi&longs;ible about the <lb/>mid&longs;t; and all this &longs;hall not any whit dimini&longs;h the apparent &longs;plen­<lb/>dor to one that beholds it from afar; but you &longs;hall &longs;ee it largely <lb/>di&longs;pers'd upon the cloth or other matter, wherewith you covered <lb/>it. </s>
<s>If therefore any one, by &longs;eeing from a good di&longs;tance a &longs;mall <lb/>gilt plate to be all over &longs;hining, &longs;hould imagine that the &longs;ame <lb/>would al&longs;o even in a plate as broad as the Moon, he is no le&longs;s de­<lb/>ceived, than if he &longs;hould believe the Moon to be no bigger than <lb/>the bottom of a tub. </s>
<s>If again the plate were turn'd into a &longs;phe­<lb/>rical &longs;uperficies, the reflection would be &longs;een &longs;trong in but one &longs;ole <lb/>particle of it; but yet by rea&longs;on of its liveline&longs;s, it will appear <lb/>fringed about with many glittering rays: the re&longs;t of the Ball would <lb/>appear according as it was burni&longs;hed; and this al&longs;o onely then <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg173"></arrow.to.target><lb/>when it was not very much poli&longs;hed, for &longs;hould it be perfectly <lb/>brightned, it would appear ob&longs;cure. </s>
<s>An example of this we <lb/>have dayly before our eyes in &longs;ilver ve&longs;&longs;els, which whil&longs;t they are <lb/>only boyl'd in the <emph type="italics"/>Argol<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Salt,<emph.end type="italics"/> they are all as white as &longs;now, and <lb/>do not reflect any image; but if they be in any part burni&longs;h'd, they <lb/>become in that place pre&longs;ently ob&longs;cure: and in them one may &longs;ee the <lb/>repre&longs;entation of any thing as in Looking-gla&longs;&longs;es. </s>
<s>And that chan­<lb/>to ob&longs;curity, proceeds from nothing el&longs;e but the &longs;moothing and <lb/>plaining of a fine grain, which made the &longs;uperficies of the &longs;ilver <lb/>rough, and yet &longs;uch, as that it reflected the light into all parts, <lb/>whereby it &longs;eemed from all parts equally illuminated: which <lb/>&longs;mall unevenne&longs;&longs;es, when they come to be exqui&longs;itely plained by <lb/>the burni&longs;h, &longs;o that the reflection of the rays of incidence are all <lb/>directed unto one determinate place; then, from that &longs;ame place, <lb/>the burni&longs;h'd part &longs;hall &longs;hew much more bright and &longs;hining than <lb/>the re&longs;t which is onely whitened by boyling; but from all other <lb/>places it looks very ob&longs;cure. </s>
<s>And note, that the diver&longs;ity of <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg174"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;ights of looking upon burni&longs;h'd &longs;uperficies, occa&longs;ioneth &longs;uch <lb/>difference in appearances, that to imitate and repre&longs;ent in picture, <lb/><emph type="italics"/>v. </s>
<s>g.<emph.end type="italics"/> a poli&longs;h'd Cuirace, one mu&longs;t couple black plains with white, <lb/>one &longs;ideways to the other, in tho&longs;e parts of the arms where the <lb/>light falleth equally.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg171"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Some write what <lb/>they under&longs;tand <lb/>not, and therefore <lb/>under&longs;tand not <lb/>what they write.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg172"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Diamonds ground <lb/>to divers &longs;ides, & <lb/>why.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg173"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Silver burni&longs;hed <lb/>appears more ob­<lb/>&longs;cuee, than the not <lb/>burni&longs;hed, & why.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg174"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Burni&longs;h'd Steel <lb/>beheld from one <lb/>place appears very <lb/>bright, and from <lb/>another, very ob­<lb/>&longs;cure.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>If therefore the&longs;e great Philo&longs;ophers would acquie&longs;e <lb/>in granting, that the Moon, <emph type="italics"/>Venus<emph.end type="italics"/> and the other Planets, were not <lb/>of &longs;o bright and &longs;mooth a &longs;urface as a Looking-gla&longs;s, but wanted <lb/>&longs;ome &longs;mall matter of it, namely, were as a &longs;ilver plate, onely boyled <pb pagenum="65"/>white, but not burni&longs;hed; would this yet &longs;uffice to the making <lb/>of it vi&longs;ible, and apt for darting forth the light of the Sun?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>It would &longs;uffice in part; but would not give a light &longs;o <lb/>&longs;trong, as it doth being mountainous, and in &longs;um, full of <lb/>eminencies and great cavities. </s>
<s>But the&longs;e Philo&longs;ophers will never <lb/>yield it to be le&longs;&longs;e polite than a gla&longs;&longs;e; but far more, if more it <lb/>can be imagined; for they e&longs;teeming that to perfect bodies perfect <lb/>figures are mo&longs;t &longs;utable; it is nece&longs;&longs;ary, that the &longs;phericity of tho&longs;e <lb/>Cœle&longs;tial Globes be mo&longs;t exact; be&longs;ides, that if they &longs;hould <lb/>grant me &longs;ome inequality, though never &longs;o &longs;mall, I would not <lb/>&longs;cruple to take any other greater; for that &longs;uch perfection con&longs;i&longs;t­<lb/>ing in indivi&longs;ibles, an hair doth as much detract from its perfection <lb/>as a mountain.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>Here I meet with two difficulties, one is to know the <lb/>rea&longs;on why the greater inequality of &longs;uperficies maketh the &longs;tron­<lb/>ger reflection of light; the other is, why the&longs;e <emph type="italics"/>Peripatetick<emph.end type="italics"/> Gen­<lb/>tlemen are for this exact figure.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>I will an&longs;wer to the fir&longs;t; and leave to <emph type="italics"/>Simplieius<emph.end type="italics"/> the <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg175"></arrow.to.target><lb/>care of making reply to the &longs;econd. </s>
<s>You mu&longs;t know therefore, <lb/>that the &longs;ame &longs;uperficies happen to be by the &longs;ame light more or le&longs;s <lb/>illuminated, according as the rayes of illumination fall upon them <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg176"></arrow.to.target><lb/>more or le&longs;&longs;e obliquely; &longs;o that the greate&longs;t illumination is where <lb/>the rayes are perpendicular. </s>
<s>And &longs;ee, how I will prove it to your <lb/>&longs;en&longs;e. </s>
<s>I bend this paper, &longs;o, that one part of it makes an angle <lb/>upon the other: and expo&longs;ing both the&longs;e parts to the reflection of <lb/>the light of that oppo&longs;ite Wall, you &longs;ee how this &longs;ide which re­<lb/>ceiveth the rayes obliquely, is le&longs;&longs;e &longs;hining than this other, where <lb/>the reflection fals at right angles; and ob&longs;erve, that as I by <lb/>degrees receive the illumination more obliquely, it groweth <lb/>weaker.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg175"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The more rough <lb/>&longs;uperficies make <lb/>greater reflection <lb/>of light, than the <lb/>le&longs;s rough.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg176"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Perpendicular <lb/>rays illuminate <lb/>more than the ob­<lb/>lique, and why.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>I &longs;ee the effect, but comprehend not the cau&longs;e.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>If you thought upon it but a minute of an hour, you <lb/>would find it; but that I may not wa&longs;te the time, &longs;ee a kind of <lb/>demon&longs;tration thereof in <emph type="italics"/>Fig.<emph.end type="italics"/> 7.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>The bare &longs;ight of this Figure hath fully &longs;atisfied me, <lb/>therefore proceed.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>Pray you let me hear you out, for I am not of &longs;o <lb/>quick an apprehen&longs;ion.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>Fancie to your &longs;elf, that all the paralel lines, which you <lb/>&longs;ee to depart from the terms A. B. are the rays which fall upon the <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg177"></arrow.to.target><lb/>line C. D. at right angles: then incline the &longs;aid C. D. till it hang <lb/>as D. O. now do not you &longs;ee that a great part of tho&longs;e rays which <lb/>peirce C. D. pa&longs;s by without touching D. O? </s>
<s>If therefore D. O. <lb/>be illuminated by fewer rays, it is very rea&longs;onable, that the light <lb/>received by it be more weak. </s>
<s>Let us return now to the Moon, <pb pagenum="66"/>which being of a &longs;pherical figure, if its &longs;uperficies were &longs;mooth, as <lb/>this paper, the parts of its hemi&longs;phere illuminated by the Sun, <lb/>which are towards its extremity, would receive much le&longs;s light, <lb/>than the middle parts; the rays falling upon them mo&longs;t obliquely, <lb/>and upon the&longs;e at right angles; whereupon at the time of full <lb/>Moon, when we &longs;ee almo&longs;t its whole Hemi&longs;phere illuminated, the <lb/>parts towards the mid&longs;t, would &longs;hew them&longs;elves to us with more <lb/>&longs;plendor, than tho&longs;e others towards the circumference: which is <lb/>not &longs;o in effect. </s>
<s>Now the face of the Moon being repre&longs;ented <lb/>to me full of indifferent high mountains, do not you &longs;ee how their <lb/>tops and continuate ridges, being elevated above the convexity of <lb/>the perfect &longs;pherical &longs;uperficies, come to be expo&longs;ed to the view <lb/>of the Sun, and accommodated to receive its rays much le&longs;s ob­<lb/>liquely, and con&longs;equently to appear as luminous as the re&longs;t?</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg177"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The more oblique <lb/>Rayes illuminate <lb/>leß, and why.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>All this I well perceive: and if there are &longs;uch moun­<lb/>tains, its true, the Sun will dart upon them much more directly <lb/>than it would do upon the inclination of a polite &longs;uperficies: but <lb/>it is al&longs;o true, that betwixt tho&longs;e mountains all the valleys would <lb/>become ob&longs;cure, by rea&longs;on of the va&longs;t &longs;hadows, which in that <lb/>time would be ca&longs;t from the mountains, whereas the parts towards <lb/>the middle, though full of valleys and hills, by rea&longs;on they have <lb/>the Sun elevated, would appear without &longs;hadow, and therefore <lb/>more lucid by far than the extreme parts, which are no le&longs;s diffu­<lb/>&longs;ed with &longs;hadow than light, and yet we can perceive no &longs;uch diffe­<lb/>rence.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>I was ruminating upon the like difficulty.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>How much readier is <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> to apprehend the ob­<lb/>jections which favour the opinions of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> than their &longs;oluti­<lb/>ons? </s>
<s>I have a kind of &longs;u&longs;pition, that he &longs;trives al&longs;o &longs;ometimes to <lb/>di&longs;&longs;emble them; and in the pre&longs;ent ca&longs;e, he being of him&longs;elf able <lb/>to hit upon the doubt, which yet is very ingenious, I cannot be­<lb/>lieve but that he al&longs;o was advi&longs;'d of the an&longs;wer; wherefore I will <lb/>attempt to wre&longs;t the &longs;ame (as they &longs;ay) out of his mouth. </s>
<s>There­<lb/>fore tell me, <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> do you think there can be any &longs;hadow, <lb/>where the rays of the Sun do &longs;hine?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>I believe, nay I am certain that there cannot; for that <lb/>it being the grand luminary, which with its rays driveth away dark­<lb/>ne&longs;s, it is impo&longs;&longs;ible any tenebro&longs;ity &longs;hould remain where it com­<lb/>eth; moreover, we have the definition, that <emph type="italics"/>Tenebræ &longs;unt priva­<lb/>tio luminis.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>Therefore the Sun, beholding the Earth, Moon or o­<lb/>ther opacous body, never &longs;eeth any of its &longs;hady parts, it not ha­<lb/>ving any other eyes to &longs;ee with, &longs;ave its rays, the conveyers of <lb/>light: and con&longs;equently, one &longs;tanding in the Sun would never <lb/>&longs;ee any thing of umbrage, fora&longs;much as his vi&longs;ive rays would ever <pb pagenum="67"/>go accompanied with tho&longs;e illuminating beams of the Sun.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>This is true, without any contradiction.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>But when the Moon is oppo&longs;ite to the Sun, what dif­<lb/>ference is there between the tract of the rayes of your &longs;ight, and <lb/>that motion which the Suns rayes make?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>Now I under&longs;tand you; for you would &longs;ay, that the <lb/>rayes of the &longs;ight and tho&longs;e of the Sun, moving by the &longs;ame lines, <lb/>we cannot perceive any of the ob&longs;cure valleys of the Moon. </s>
<s>Be <lb/>plea&longs;ed to change this your opinion, that I have either &longs;imulation <lb/>or di&longs;&longs;imulation in me; for I prote&longs;t unto you, as I am a Gentle­<lb/>man, that I did not gue&longs;&longs;e at this &longs;olution, nor &longs;hould I have <lb/>thought upon it, without your help, or without long &longs;tudy.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>The re&longs;olutions, which between you two have been <lb/>alledged touching this la&longs;t doubt, hath, to &longs;peak the truth, &longs;atisfi­<lb/>ed me al&longs;o. </s>
<s>But at the &longs;ame time this con&longs;ideration of the vi­<lb/>fible rayes accompanying the rayes of the Sun, hath begotten in me <lb/>another &longs;cruple, about the other part, but I know not whether I <lb/>can expre&longs;&longs;e it right, or no: for it but ju&longs;t now comming into my <lb/>mind, I have not yet methodized it to my mind: but let us &longs;ee if <lb/>we can, all together, make it intelligible. </s>
<s>There is no que&longs;tion, <lb/>but that the parts towards the circumference of that poli&longs;h't, but not <lb/>burni&longs;h't Hemi&longs;phere, which is illuminated by the Sun, receiving the <lb/>rayes obliquely, receive much fewer thereof, than the middle­<lb/>mo&longs;t parts, which receive them directly. </s>
<s>And its po&longs;&longs;ible, that a <lb/>tract or &longs;pace of <emph type="italics"/>v. </s>
<s>g.<emph.end type="italics"/> twenty degrees in breadth, and which is to­<lb/>wards the extremity of the Hemi&longs;phere, may not receive more rays <lb/>than another towards the middle parts, of but four degree broad: <lb/>&longs;o that that doubtle&longs;s will be much more ob&longs;cure than this; and <lb/>&longs;uch it will appear to whoever &longs;hall behold them both in the face, <lb/>or (as I may &longs;ay) in their full magnitude. </s>
<s>But if the eye of the <lb/>beholder were con&longs;tituted in &longs;uch a place, that the breadth of the <lb/>twenty degrees of the ob&longs;cure &longs;pace, appeared not to it longer <lb/>than one of four degrees, placed in the mid&longs;t of the Hemi&longs;phere, <lb/>I hold it not impo&longs;&longs;ible for it to appear to the &longs;aid beholder e­<lb/>qually clear and lucid with the other; becau&longs;e, finally, between <lb/>two equal angles, to wit, of four degrees apiece, there come to <lb/>the eye the reflections of two equal numbers of rayes: namely, <lb/>tho&longs;e which are reflected from the middlemo&longs;t &longs;pace, four degrees <lb/>in breadth, and tho&longs;e reflected from the other of twenty degrees, <lb/>but &longs;een by compre&longs;&longs;ion, under the quantity of four degrees: and <lb/>&longs;uch a &longs;ituation &longs;hall the eye obtain, when it is placed between the <lb/>&longs;aid Hemi&longs;phere, and the body which illuminates it; for then the <lb/>&longs;ight and rayes move in the &longs;ame lines. </s>
<s>It &longs;eemeth not impo&longs;&longs;ible <lb/>therefore, but that the Moon may be of a very equal &longs;uperficies; <lb/>and that neverthele&longs;&longs;e, it may appear when it is at the full, no le&longs;s <pb pagenum="68"/>light in the extremities, than in the middle parts.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>The doubt is ingenious and worthy of con&longs;ideration; <lb/>and as it but ju&longs;t now came into your mind unawares, &longs;o I will <lb/>like wi&longs;e an&longs;wer with what fir&longs;t comes into my thoughts, and it may <lb/>happily fall out, that by thinking more upon it, I may &longs;tumble <lb/>upon a better reply. </s>
<s>But before, that I labyrinth my &longs;elf any far­<lb/>ther, it would be nece&longs;&longs;ary, that we a&longs;&longs;ure our &longs;elves by &longs;ome ex­<lb/>periment, whether your objection prove in effect, what it &longs;eemeth <lb/>to conclude in appearance; and therefore taking once more the <lb/>&longs;ame paper, and making it to incline, by bending a little part <lb/>thereof upon the remainder, let us try whether expo&longs;ing it to the <lb/>Sun, &longs;o that the rayes of light fall upon the le&longs;&longs;er part directly, <lb/>and upon the other obliquely; this which receiveth the rayes direct­<lb/>ly appeareth more lucid; and &longs;ee here by manife&longs;t experience, <lb/>that it is notably more clear. </s>
<s>Now if your objection be conclu&longs;ive, <lb/>it will follow, that &longs;tooping with our eye &longs;o, that in beholding <lb/>the other greater part, le&longs;s illuminated, in compre&longs;&longs;ion or fore­<lb/>&longs;hortning, it appear unto us no bigger than the other, more &longs;hining; <lb/>and that con&longs;equently, it be not beheld at a greater angle than <lb/>that; it will nece&longs;&longs;arily en&longs;ue, I &longs;ay, that its light be encrea&longs;ed, &longs;o <lb/>that it do &longs;eem to us as bright as the other. </s>
<s>See how I behold, and <lb/>look upon it &longs;o obliquely, that it appeareth to me narrower than <lb/>the other; but yet, notwith&longs;tanding its ob&longs;curity, doth not to <lb/>my perceiving, at all grow clearer. </s>
<s>Try now if the &longs;ame &longs;ucceed <lb/>to you.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>I have look't upon it, and though I have &longs;tooped with <lb/>my eye, yet cannot I &longs;ee the &longs;aid &longs;uperficies encrea&longs;e in light or <lb/>clarity; nay me thinks it rather grows more dusky.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>We are hitherto confident of the invalidity of the ob­<lb/>jection; In the next place, as to the &longs;olution, I believe, that, by <lb/>rea&longs;on the Superficies of this paper is little le&longs;&longs;e than &longs;mooth, the <lb/>rayes are very few, which be reflected towards the point of inci­<lb/>dence, in compari&longs;on of the multitude, which are reflected to­<lb/>wards the oppo&longs;ite parts; and that of tho&longs;e few more and more <lb/>are lo&longs;t, the nearer the vi&longs;ive rayes approach to tho&longs;e lucid rayes <lb/>of incidence; and becau&longs;e it is not the incident rayes, but tho&longs;e <lb/>which are reflected to the eye, that make the object appear lu­<lb/>minous; therefore, in &longs;tooping the eye, there is more lo&longs;t than got, <lb/>as you your &longs;elf confe&longs;&longs;e to have &longs;een in looking upon the ob&longs;cu­<lb/>rer part of the paper.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>I re&longs;t &longs;atisfied with this experiment and rea&longs;on: It re­<lb/>mains now, that <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> an&longs;wer to my other que&longs;tion, and tell <lb/>me what moves the <emph type="italics"/>Peripateticks<emph.end type="italics"/> to require this &longs;o exact rotundity <lb/>in the Cœle&longs;tial bodies.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>The Cœle&longs;tial bodies being ingenerable, inalterable, im­<pb pagenum="69"/>pa&longs;&longs;ible, immortal, <emph type="italics"/>&c.<emph.end type="italics"/> they mu&longs;t needs be ab&longs;olutely perfect; and <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg178"></arrow.to.target><lb/>their being ab&longs;olute perfect, nece&longs;&longs;arily implies that there is in them <lb/>all kinds of perfection; and con&longs;equently, that their figure be al&longs;o <lb/>perfect, that is to &longs;ay, &longs;pherical; and ab&longs;olutely and perfectly <lb/>&longs;pherical, and not rough and irregular.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg178"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Perfect &longs;phericity <lb/>why a&longs;cribed to <lb/>Cœlestial bodies, <lb/>by the<emph.end type="italics"/> Peripate­<lb/>ticks.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>And this incorruptibility, from whence do you prove <lb/>it?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>Immediately by its freedom from contraries, and me­<lb/>diately, by its &longs;imple circular motion.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>So that; by what I gather from your di&longs;cour&longs;e, in ma­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg179"></arrow.to.target><lb/>king the e&longs;&longs;ence of the Cœle&longs;tial bodies to be incorruptible, inal­<lb/>terable, <emph type="italics"/>&c,<emph.end type="italics"/> there is no need of rotundity as a cau&longs;e, or requi­<lb/>&longs;ite; for if this &longs;hould cau&longs;e inalterability, we might at our plea­<lb/>&longs;ure make wood, wax, and other Elementary matters, incorrup­<lb/>tible, by reducing them to a &longs;pherical figure.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg179"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The Figure is not <lb/>the cau&longs;e of incor­<lb/>ruptibility, but of <lb/>longer duration.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>And is it not manife&longs;t that a ball of Wood will better <lb/>and longer be preferved, than an oblong, or other angular fi­<lb/>gure, made of a like quantity of the &longs;ame wood.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>This is mo&longs;t certain, but yet it doth not of corruptible <lb/>become incorruptible, but &longs;till remains corruptible, though of a <lb/>much longer duration. </s>
<s>Therefore you mu&longs;t note, that a thing cor­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg180"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ruptible, is capable of being more or le&longs;&longs;e &longs;uch, and we may <lb/>properly &longs;ay this is le&longs;&longs;e corruptible than that; as for example, the <lb/><emph type="italics"/>Ja&longs;per,<emph.end type="italics"/> than the <emph type="italics"/>Pietra Sirena<emph.end type="italics"/>; but incorruptibility admits not <lb/>of more, or le&longs;&longs;e, &longs;o as that it may be &longs;aid this is more incorrupti­<lb/>ble than that, if both be incorruptible and eternal. </s>
<s>The diver­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg181"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;ity of figure therefore cannot operate: &longs;ave onely in matters ca­<lb/>pable of more or le&longs;&longs;e duration; but in the eternal, which can­<lb/>not be other than equally eternal, the operation of figure cea&longs;eth. <lb/></s>
<s>And therefore, &longs;ince the Cœle&longs;tial matter is not incorruptible by <lb/>figure, but otherwayes no man needs to be &longs;o &longs;olicitous for this <lb/>perfect &longs;phericity; for if the matter be incorruptible, let it have <lb/>what figure it will, it &longs;hall be alwayes &longs;uch.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg180"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Corruptibility ad­<lb/>mits of more or <lb/>le&longs;&longs;e; &longs;o doth noe <lb/>incorruptibiliiy.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg181"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The perfection of <lb/>figure, operateth <lb/>in corruptible bo­<lb/>dies, but not in the <lb/>eternal.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>But I am con&longs;idering another thing, and &longs;ay, that if <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg182"></arrow.to.target><lb/>we &longs;hould grant the &longs;pherical figure a faculty of conferring incor­<lb/>ruptibility, all bodies of what&longs;oever figure, would be incorrupti­<lb/>ble; fora&longs;much as if the rotund body be incorruptible, corrupti­<lb/>bility would then &longs;ub&longs;i&longs;t in tho&longs;e parts which alter the perfect ro­<lb/>tundity; as for in&longs;tance, there is in a <emph type="italics"/>Die<emph.end type="italics"/> a body perfectly round, <lb/>and, as &longs;uch, incorruptible; therefore it remaineth that tho&longs;e an­<lb/>gles be corruptible which cover and hide the rotundity; &longs;o that <lb/>the mo&longs;t that could happen, would be, that tho&longs;e angles, and <lb/>(to &longs;o &longs;peak) excre&longs;cencies, would corrupt. </s>
<s>But if we proceed to a <lb/>more inward con&longs;ideration, that in tho&longs;e parts al&longs;o towards the <lb/>angles, there are compri&longs;ed other le&longs;&longs;er bals of the &longs;ame matter; <pb pagenum="70"/>and therefore they al&longs;o, as being round, mu&longs;t be al&longs;o incorrup­<lb/>tible; and likewife in the remainders, which environ the&longs;e eight <lb/>le&longs;&longs;er Spheres, a man may under&longs;tand that there are others: &longs;o <lb/>that in the end, re&longs;olving the whole <emph type="italics"/>Die<emph.end type="italics"/> into innumerable balls, <lb/>it mu&longs;t nece&longs;&longs;arily be granted incorruptible. </s>
<s>And the &longs;ame di&longs;­<lb/>cour&longs;e and re&longs;olution may be made in all other figures.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg182"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>If the &longs;pherical fi­<lb/>gure conferreth e­<lb/>ternity, all bodies <lb/>would be eternal.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>Your method in making the conclu&longs;ion, for if <emph type="italics"/>v. </s>
<s>g.<emph.end type="italics"/> a <lb/>round Chry&longs;tal were, by rea&longs;on of its figure, incorruptible; namely, <lb/>received from thence a faculy of re&longs;i&longs;ting all internal and external <lb/>alterations, we &longs;hould not find, that the joyning to it other Chry­<lb/>&longs;tal, and reducing it <emph type="italics"/>v. </s>
<s>g.<emph.end type="italics"/> into a Cube, would any whit alter it <lb/>within, or without; &longs;o as that it would thereupon become le&longs;&longs;e <lb/>apt to re&longs;i&longs;t the new ambient, made of the &longs;ame matter, than it <lb/>was to re&longs;i&longs;t the other, of a matter different; and e&longs;pecially, if <lb/>it be true, that corruption is generated by contraries, as <emph type="italics"/>Ari­<lb/>&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;aith; and with what can you enclo&longs;e that ball of Cry&longs;tal, <lb/>that is le&longs;&longs;e contrary to it, than Cry&longs;tal it &longs;elf? </s>
<s>But we are not a­<lb/>ware how time flies away; and it will be too late before we come <lb/>to an end of our di&longs;pute, if we &longs;hould make &longs;o long di&longs;cour&longs;es, <lb/>upon every particular; be&longs;ides our memories are &longs;o confounded <lb/>in the multiplicity of notions, that I can very hardly recal to <lb/>mind the Propot&longs;iions, which I propo&longs;ed in order to <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>for our con&longs;ideration.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>I very well remember them: And as to this particular <lb/>que&longs;tion of the montuo&longs;ity of the Moon, there yet remains un­<lb/>an&longs;wered that which I have alledged, as the cau&longs;e, (and which <lb/>may very well &longs;erve for a &longs;olution) of that <emph type="italics"/>Phænomenon,<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;aying, <lb/>that it is an illu&longs;ion proceeding from the parts of the Moon, be­<lb/>ing unequally opacous, and per&longs;picuous.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>Even now, when <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> a&longs;cribed the apparent Pro­<lb/>tnberancies or unevenne&longs;&longs;es of the Moon (according to the opinion <lb/>of a certain <emph type="italics"/>Peripatetick<emph.end type="italics"/> his friend) to the diver&longs;ly opacous, and <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg183"></arrow.to.target><lb/>per&longs;picuous parts of the &longs;aid Moon, conformable to which the like <lb/>illu&longs;ions are &longs;een in Cry&longs;tal, and Jems of divers kinds, I bethought <lb/>my &longs;elf of a matter much more commodious for the repre&longs;enting <lb/>&longs;uch effects; which is &longs;uch, that I verily believe, that that Philo&longs;o­<lb/>pher would give any price for it; and it is the mother of Pearl, which <lb/>is wrought into divers figures, and though it be brought to an ex­<lb/>treme evenne&longs;&longs;e, yet it &longs;eemeth to the eye in &longs;everal parts, &longs;o vari­<lb/>ou&longs;ly hollow and knotty, that we can &longs;carce credit our feeling of <lb/>their evenne&longs;&longs;e.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg183"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Mother of Pearl <lb/>accommodated to <lb/>imitate the appa­<lb/>rent unevenne&longs;&longs;es <lb/>of the Moons &longs;ur­<lb/>face.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>This invention is truly ingenious; and that which hath <lb/>not been done already, may be done in time to come; and if <lb/>there have been produced other Jems, and Cry&longs;tals, which have <lb/>nothing to do with the illu&longs;ions of the mother of Pearl, the&longs;e may <pb pagenum="71"/>be produced al&longs;o; in the mean time, that I may not prevent any <lb/>one, I will &longs;uppre&longs;&longs;e the an&longs;wer which might be given, and onely <lb/>for this time betake my &longs;elf to &longs;atisfie the objections brought by <lb/><emph type="italics"/>Simplicius.<emph.end type="italics"/> I &longs;ay therefore, that this rea&longs;on of yours is too ge­<lb/>neral, and as you apply it not to all the appearances one by one; <lb/>which are &longs;een in the Moon, and for which my &longs;elf and others <lb/>are induced to hold it mountainous, I believe you will not find <lb/>any one that will be &longs;atisfied with &longs;uch a doctrine; nor can I think, <lb/>that either you, or the Author him&longs;elf, find in it any greater <lb/>quietude, than in any other thing wide from the purpo&longs;e. </s>
<s>Of the <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg184"></arrow.to.target><lb/>very many &longs;everal appearances which are &longs;een night by night in <lb/>the cour&longs;e of Moon, you cannot imitate &longs;o much as one, by making <lb/>a Ball at your choice, more or le&longs;s opacous and per&longs;picuous, and <lb/>that is of a polite &longs;uperficies; whereas on the contrary, one may <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg185"></arrow.to.target><lb/>make Balls of any &longs;olid matter what&longs;oever, that is not tran&longs;parent, <lb/>which onely with eminencies and cavities, and by receiving the il­<lb/>lumination &longs;everal ways, &longs;hall repre&longs;ent the &longs;ame appearances and <lb/>mutations to an hair, which from hour to hour are di&longs;covered in <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg186"></arrow.to.target><lb/>the Moon. </s>
<s>In them you &longs;hall &longs;ee the ledges of Hills expo&longs;ed to <lb/>the Suns light, to be very &longs;hining, and after them the projections <lb/>of their &longs;hadows very ob&longs;cure; you &longs;hall &longs;ee them greater and le&longs;s, <lb/>according as the &longs;aid eminencies &longs;hall be more or le&longs;s di&longs;tant from <lb/>the confines which di&longs;tingui&longs;h the parts of the Moon illuminated, <lb/>from the ob&longs;cure: you &longs;hall &longs;ee the &longs;ame term and confine, not <lb/>equally diftended, as it would be if the Ball were poli&longs;h'd, but <lb/>craggie and rugged. </s>
<s>You &longs;hall &longs;ee beyond the &longs;ame term, in the <lb/>dark parts of the Moon many bright prominencies, and di&longs;tinct <lb/>from the re&longs;t of the illuminations: you &longs;hall &longs;ee the &longs;hadows a­<lb/>fore&longs;aid, according as the illumination gradually ri&longs;eth, to demi­<lb/>ni&longs;h by degrees, till they wholly di&longs;appear; nor are there any of <lb/>them to be &longs;een when the whole Hemi&longs;phere is enlightned. </s>
<s>A­<lb/>gain on the contrary, in the lights pa&longs;&longs;age towards the other He­<lb/>mi&longs;phere of the Moon, you &longs;hall again ob&longs;erve the &longs;ame eminen­<lb/>cies that were marked, and you &longs;hall &longs;ee the projections of their <lb/>&longs;hadows to be made a contrary way, and to decrea&longs;e by degrees: <lb/>of which things, once more I &longs;ay, you cannot &longs;hew me &longs;o much as <lb/>one in yours that are opacous and per&longs;picuous.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg184"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The apparent un­<lb/>evenne&longs;&longs;es of the <lb/>Moon cannot be i­<lb/>mitated by way of <lb/>more and le&longs;s opa­<lb/>city & per&longs;picuity.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg185"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The various a­<lb/>&longs;pects of the Moon, <lb/>imitable with any <lb/>opacous matter.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg186"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Various appear an­<lb/>ces from which the <lb/>Moons montuo&longs;ity <lb/>is argued.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>One of them certainly he may imitate, namely, that of <lb/>the Full-Moon, when by rea&longs;on of its being all illuminated, there <lb/>is not to be &longs;een either &longs;hadow, or other thing, which receiveth <lb/>any alteration from its eminencies and cavities. </s>
<s>But I be&longs;eech <lb/>you, <emph type="italics"/>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"/> let us &longs;pend no more time on this Argument, for <lb/>a per&longs;on that hath had but the patience to make ob&longs;ervation of but <lb/>one or two Lunations, and is not &longs;atisfied with this mo&longs;t &longs;en&longs;ible <lb/>truth, may well be adjudged void of all judgment; and upon <pb pagenum="72"/>&longs;uch why &longs;hould we throw away our time and breath in vain?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPI. </s>
<s>I mu&longs;t confe&longs;s I have not made the ob&longs;ervations, for <lb/>that I never had &longs;o much curio&longs;ity, or the In&longs;truments proper for <lb/>the bu&longs;ine&longs;s; but I will not fail to do it. </s>
<s>In the mean time, we <lb/>may leave this que&longs;tion in &longs;u&longs;pen&longs;e, and pa&longs;s to that point which <lb/>follows, producing the motives inducing you to think that the <lb/>Earth may reflect the light of the Sun no le&longs;s forceably than the <lb/>Moon, for it &longs;eems to me &longs;o ob&longs;cure and opacous, that I judg &longs;uch <lb/>an effect altogether impo&longs;&longs;ible.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>The cau&longs;e for which you repute the Earth unapt for <lb/>illumination, may rather evince the contrary: And would it not <lb/>be &longs;trange, <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> if I &longs;hould apprehend your di&longs;cour&longs;es bet­<lb/>ter than you your &longs;elf?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>Whether I argue well or ill, it may be, that you may <lb/>better under&longs;tand the &longs;ame than I; but be it ill or well that I <lb/>di&longs;cour&longs;e, I &longs;hall never believe that you can penetrate what I mean <lb/>better than I my &longs;elf.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. Well, I will make you believe the &longs;ame pre&longs;ently. </s>
<s>Tell <lb/>me a little, when the Moon is near the Full, &longs;o that it may be &longs;een <lb/>by day, and al&longs;o at midnight, at what do you think it more &longs;plen­<lb/>did, by day or by night?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>By night, without all compari&longs;on. </s>
<s>And methinks <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg187"></arrow.to.target><lb/>the Moon re&longs;embleth that pillar of Clouds and pillar of Fire, <lb/>which guided the <emph type="italics"/>I&longs;raelites<emph.end type="italics"/>; which at the pre&longs;ence of the Sun, <lb/>appeared like a Cloud, but in the night was very glorious. </s>
<s>Thus <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg188"></arrow.to.target><lb/>I have by day ob&longs;erved the Moon amid&longs;t certain &longs;mall Clouds, <lb/>ju&longs;t as if one of them had been coloured white, but by night it <lb/>&longs;hines with much &longs;plendor.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg187"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The Moon ap­<lb/>pears brighter by <lb/>night than by day.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg188"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The Moon be­<lb/>held in the day <lb/>time, is like to a <lb/>little cloud.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>So that if you had never happened to &longs;ee the Moon, <lb/>&longs;ave onely in the day time, you would not have thought it more <lb/>&longs;hining than one of tho&longs;e Clouds.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>I verily believe I &longs;hould not.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>Tell me now; do you believe that the Moon is really <lb/>more &longs;hining in the night than day, or that by &longs;ome accident it <lb/>&longs;eemeth &longs;o?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>I am of opinion, that it re&longs;plends in it &longs;elf as much in <lb/>the day as night, but that its light appears greater by night, be­<lb/>cau&longs;e we behold it in the dark mantle of Heaven; and in the day <lb/>time, the whole Atmo&longs;phere being very clear, &longs;o that &longs;he little <lb/>exceedeth it in lu&longs;tre, &longs;he &longs;eems to us much le&longs;s bright.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>Now tell me; have you ever at midnight &longs;een the Ter­<lb/>re&longs;trial Globe illuminated by the Sun?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>This &longs;eemeth to me a que&longs;tion not to be ask'd, unle&longs;s <lb/>in je&longs;t, or of &longs;ome per&longs;on known to be altogether void of &longs;en&longs;e.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. No, no; I e&longs;teem you to be a very rational man, and <pb pagenum="73"/>do ask the que&longs;tion &longs;eriou&longs;ly; and therefore an&longs;wer me: and if <lb/>afterwards you &longs;hall think that I &longs;peak impertinently, I will be <lb/>content to be the &longs;en&longs;ele&longs;s man: for he is much more a fool who <lb/>interrogates &longs;imply, than he to whom the que&longs;tion is put.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>If then you do not think me altogether &longs;imple, take <lb/>it for granted that I have an&longs;wered you already, and &longs;aid, that it <lb/>is impo&longs;&longs;ible, that one that is upon the Earth, as we are, &longs;hould &longs;ee <lb/>by night that part of the Earth where it is day, namely, that is il­<lb/>luminated by the Sun.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>Therefore you have never &longs;een the Earth enlightned, <lb/>&longs;ave onely by day; but you &longs;ee the Moon to &longs;hine al&longs;o in the <lb/>dead of night. </s>
<s>And this is the cau&longs;e, <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> which makes <lb/>you believe that the Earth doth not &longs;hine like the Moon; but if <lb/>you could &longs;ee the Earth illuminated, whil&longs;t you were in &longs;ome dark <lb/>place, like our night, you would &longs;ee it &longs;hine brighter than the <lb/>Moon. </s>
<s>Now if you de&longs;ire that the compari&longs;on may proceed <lb/>well, you mu&longs;t compare the light of the Earth, with that of the <lb/>Moon &longs;een in the day time, and not with the &longs;ame by night: for <lb/>it is not in our power to &longs;ee the Earth illuminated, &longs;ave onely in <lb/>the day. </s>
<s>Is it not &longs;o?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>So it ought to be.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>And fora&longs;much as you your &longs;elf have already confe&longs;&longs;ed <lb/>to have &longs;een the Moon by day among &longs;ome little white Clouds, <lb/>and very nearly, as to its a&longs;pect, re&longs;embling one of them; you did <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg189"></arrow.to.target><lb/>thereby grant, that tho&longs;e Clouds, which yet are Elementary <lb/>matters, are as apt to receive illumination, as the Moon, yea <lb/>more, if you will but call to mind that you have &longs;ometimes &longs;een <lb/>&longs;ome Clouds of va&longs;t greatne&longs;s, and as perfect white as the Snow; <lb/>and there is no que&longs;tion, but that if &longs;uch a Cloud could be con­<lb/>tinued &longs;o luminous in the deep of night, it would illuminate the <lb/>places near about it, more than an hundred Moons. </s>
<s>If therefore <lb/>we were a&longs;&longs;ured that the Earth is illuminated by the Sun, like one <lb/>of tho&longs;e Clouds, it would be undubitable, but that it would be no <lb/>le&longs;s &longs;hining than the Moon. </s>
<s>But of this there is no que&longs;tion to <lb/>be made, in regard we &longs;ee tho&longs;e very Clouds in the ab&longs;ence of <lb/>the Sun, to remain by night, as ob&longs;cure as the Earth: and that <lb/>which is more, there is not any one of us, but hath &longs;een many <lb/>times &longs;ome &longs;uch Clouds low, and far off, and que&longs;tioned whether <lb/>they were Clouds or Mountains: an evident &longs;ign that the Moun­<lb/>tains are no le&longs;s luminous than tho&longs;e Clouds.<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg190"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg189"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Clouds are no le&longs;s <lb/>apt than the Moon <lb/>to be illuminated <lb/>by the Sun.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg190"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>A wall illumina­<lb/>ted by the Sun, <lb/>compared to the <lb/>Moon &longs;hineth no <lb/>le&longs;s than it.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>But what needs more di&longs;cour&longs;e? </s>
<s>See yonder the Moon <lb/>is ri&longs;en, and more than half of it illuminated; &longs;ee there that wall, <lb/>on which the Sun &longs;hineth; retire a little this way, &longs;o that you &longs;ee <lb/>the Moon &longs;ideways with the wall: look now; which of them <lb/>&longs;hews more lucid? </s>
<s>Do not you &longs;ee, that if there is any advantage, <pb pagenum="74"/>the wall hath it? </s>
<s>The Sun &longs;hineth on that wall; from thence it </s></p><p type="main">
<s><arrow.to.target n="marg191"></arrow.to.target><lb/>is reverberated upon the wall of the Hall, from thence it's refle­<lb/>cted upon that chamber, &longs;o that it falls on it at the third reflection: <lb/>and I am very certain, that there is in that place more light, than <lb/>if the Moons light had directly faln upon it.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg191"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The third re&longs;le­<lb/>ction of a Wall illu­<lb/>minates more than <lb/>the fir&longs;t of the <lb/>Moon.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>But this I cannot believe; for the illumination of the <lb/>Moon, e&longs;pecially when it is at the full, is very great.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>It &longs;eemeth great by rea&longs;on of the circumjacent dark <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg192"></arrow.to.target><lb/>places; but ab&longs;olutely it is not much, and is le&longs;s than that of the <lb/>twilight half an hour after the Sun is &longs;et; which is manife&longs;t, be­<lb/>cau&longs;e you &longs;ee not the &longs;hadows of the bodies illuminated by the <lb/>Moon till then, to begin to be di&longs;tingui&longs;hed on the Earth. </s>
<s>Whe­<lb/>ther, again, that third reflection upon that chamber, illuminates <lb/>more than the fir&longs;t of the Moon, may be known by going thether, <lb/>and reading a Book, and afterwards &longs;tanding there in the night <lb/>by the Moons light, which will &longs;hew by which of them lights one <lb/>may read more or le&longs;s plainly, but I believe without further tryal, <lb/>that one &longs;hould &longs;ee le&longs;s di&longs;tinctly by this later.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg192"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The light of the <lb/>Moon weaker than <lb/>that of the twi­<lb/>light.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. Now, <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> (if haply you be &longs;atisfied) you may <lb/>conceive, as you your &longs;elf know very well, that the Earth doth <lb/>&longs;hine no le&longs;s than the Moon; and the only remembring you of &longs;ome <lb/>things, which you knew of your &longs;elf, and learn'd not of me, hath <lb/>a&longs;&longs;ured you thereof: for I taught you not that the Moon &longs;hews <lb/>lighter by night than by day, but you under&longs;tood it of your &longs;elf; <lb/>as al&longs;o you could tell me that a little Cloud appeareth as lucid as <lb/>the Moon: you knew al&longs;o, that the illumination of the Earth can­<lb/>not be &longs;een by night; and in a word, you knew all this, without <lb/>knowing that you knew it. </s>
<s>So that you have no rea&longs;on to be &longs;cru­<lb/>pulous of granting, that the dark part of the Earth may illuminate <lb/>the dark part of the Moon, with no le&longs;s a light than that where­<lb/>with the Moon illuminates the ob&longs;curities of the night, yea rather <lb/>&longs;o much the greater, ina&longs;much as the Earth is forty times bigger <lb/>than the Moon.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>I mu&longs;t confe&longs;s that I did believe, that that &longs;econdary <lb/>light had been the natural light of the Moon.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>And this al&longs;o you know of your &longs;elf, and perceive not <lb/>that you know it. </s>
<s>Tell me, do not you know without teaching, <lb/>that the Moon &longs;hews it &longs;elf more bright by night than by day, in <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg193"></arrow.to.target><lb/>re&longs;pect of the ob&longs;curity of the &longs;pace of the ambient? </s>
<s>and con&longs;e­<lb/>quently, do you not know <emph type="italics"/>in genere,<emph.end type="italics"/> that every bright body &longs;hews <lb/>the clearer, by how much the ambient is ob&longs;curer?</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg193"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Luminous bodies <lb/>appear the brighter <lb/>in an ob&longs;curer<emph.end type="italics"/> am­<lb/>bient.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>This I know very well.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>When the Moon is horned, and that &longs;econdary light <lb/>&longs;eemeth to you very bright, is it not ever nigh the Sun, and con­<lb/>&longs;equently, in the light of the <emph type="italics"/>crepu&longs;culum,<emph.end type="italics"/> (twilight?)</s></p><pb pagenum="75"/><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>It is &longs;o; and I have oftentimes wi&longs;h'd that the Air <lb/>would grow thicker, that I might be able to &longs;ee that &longs;ame light <lb/>more plainly; but it ever di&longs;appeared before dark night.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>You know then very certainly, that in the depth of <lb/>night, that light would be more con&longs;picuous.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>I do &longs;o; and al&longs;o more than that, if one could but <lb/>take away the great light of the cre&longs;cent illuminated by the Sun, <lb/>the pre&longs;ence of which much ob&longs;cureth the other le&longs;&longs;er.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. Why, doth it not &longs;ometimes come to pa&longs;s, that one may <lb/>in a very dark night &longs;ee the whole face of the Moon, without be­<lb/>ing at all illuminated by the Sun?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>I know not whether this ever happeneth, &longs;ave onely <lb/>in the total Ecclip&longs;es of the Moon.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. Why, at that time this its light would appear very <lb/>clear, being in a mo&longs;t ob&longs;cure <emph type="italics"/>medium,<emph.end type="italics"/> and not darkned by the <lb/>clarity of the luminous cre&longs;cents: but in that po&longs;ition, how light <lb/>did it appear to you?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>I have &longs;ometimes &longs;een it of the colour of bra&longs;s, and a <lb/>little whiti&longs;h; but at other times it hath been &longs;o ob&longs;cure, that I <lb/>have wholly lo&longs;t the &longs;ight of it.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>How then can that light be &longs;o natural, which you &longs;ee &longs;o <lb/>cleer in the clo&longs;e of the twilight, notwith&longs;tanding the impediment <lb/>of the great and contiguous &longs;plendor of the cre&longs;cents; and which <lb/>again, in the more ob&longs;cure time of night, all other light removed, <lb/>appears not at all?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>I have heard of &longs;ome that believed that &longs;ame light to <lb/>be participated to the&longs;e cre&longs;cents from the other Stars, and in par­<lb/>ticular from <emph type="italics"/>Venus,<emph.end type="italics"/> the Moons neighbour.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>And this likewi&longs;e is a vanity; becau&longs;e in the time of <lb/>its total ob&longs;curation, it ought to appear more &longs;hining than ever; <lb/>for you cannot &longs;ay, that the &longs;hadow of the Earth intercepts the <lb/>&longs;ight of <emph type="italics"/>Venus,<emph.end type="italics"/> or the other Stars. </s>
<s>But to &longs;ay true, it is not at <lb/>that in&longs;tant wholly deprived thereof, for that the Terre&longs;trial He­<lb/>mi&longs;phere, which in that time looketh towards the Moon, is that <lb/>where it is night, that is, an intire privation of the light of the Sun. <lb/></s>
<s>And if you but diligently ob&longs;erve, you will very &longs;en&longs;ibly perceive, <lb/>that like as the Moon, when it is &longs;harp-horned, doth give very little <lb/>light to the Earth; and according as in her the parts illumi­<lb/>nated by the Suns light do encrea&longs;e: &longs;o likewi&longs;e the &longs;plendor to <lb/>our &longs;eeming encrea&longs;eth, which from her is reflected towards us; <lb/>thus the Moon, whil&longs;t it is &longs;harp-forked, and that by being between <lb/>the Sun and the Earth, it di&longs;covereth a very great part of the Ter­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg194"></arrow.to.target><lb/>re&longs;trial Hemi&longs;phere illuminated, appeareth very clear: and depart­<lb/>ing from the Sun, and pa&longs;&longs;ing towards the ^{*}Quadrature, you <lb/>may &longs;ee the &longs;aid light by degrees to grow dim; and after the <pb pagenum="76"/>Quadrature, the &longs;ame appears very weak, becau&longs;e it continually <lb/>lo&longs;eth more and more of the view of the luminous part of the <lb/>Earth: and yet it &longs;hould &longs;ucceed quite contrary, if that light were <lb/>its own, or communicated to it from the Stars; for then we &longs;hould <lb/>&longs;ee it in the depth of night, and in &longs;o very dark an ambient.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg194"></margin.target>*<emph type="italics"/>By the Moons two<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>Quadratures <emph type="italics"/>you <lb/>are to under&longs;tand <lb/>its fir&longs;t and last <lb/>quarters, as A­<lb/>&longs;trologers call them<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>Stay a little; for I ju&longs;t now remember, that I have <lb/>read in a little modern tract, full of many novelties; “That this <lb/>&longs;econdary light is not derived from the Stars, nor innate in the <lb/>Moon, and lea&longs;t of all communicated by the Earth, but that it is <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg195"></arrow.to.target><lb/>received from the &longs;ame illumination of the Sun, which, the &longs;ub­<lb/>&longs;tance of the Lunar Globe being &longs;omewhat tran&longs;parent, pene­<lb/>trateth thorow all its body; but more livelily illuminateth the <lb/>&longs;uperficies of the Hemi&longs;phere expo&longs;ed to the rays of the Sun: <lb/>and its pro&longs;undity imbuing, and (as I may &longs;ay) &longs;wallowing that <lb/>light, after the manner of a cloud or chry&longs;tal, tran&longs;mits it, and <lb/>renders it vi&longs;ibly lucid. </s>
<s>And this (if I remember aright) he <lb/>proveth by Authority, Experience and Rea&longs;on; citing <emph type="italics"/>Cleomedes, <lb/>Vitellion, Macrobius,<emph.end type="italics"/> and a certain other modern Author: and <lb/>adding, That it is &longs;een by experience to &longs;hine mo&longs;t in the days <lb/>neare&longs;t the Conjunction, that is, when it is horned, and is chiefly <lb/>bright about its limb. </s>
<s>And he farther writes, That in the Solar <lb/>Ecclip&longs;es, when it is under the <emph type="italics"/>Di&longs;cus<emph.end type="italics"/> of the Sun, it may be &longs;een <lb/>tran&longs;lucid, and more e&longs;pecially towards its utmo&longs;t Circle. </s>
<s>And <lb/>in the next place, for Arguments, as I think, he &longs;aith, That it not <lb/>being able to derive that light either from the Earth, or from the <lb/>Stars, or from it &longs;elf, it nece&longs;&longs;arily follows, that it cometh from <lb/>the Sun. </s>
<s>Be&longs;ides that, if you do but grant this &longs;uppo&longs;ition, one <lb/>may ea&longs;ily give convenient rea&longs;ons for all the particulars that <lb/>occur. </s>
<s>For the rea&longs;on why that &longs;ecundary light &longs;hews more <lb/>lively towards the outmo&longs;t limb, is, the &longs;hortne&longs;s of the &longs;pace <lb/>that the Suns rays hath to penetrate, in regard that of the lines <lb/>which pa&longs;s through a circle, the greate&longs;t is that which pa&longs;&longs;eth <lb/>through the centre, and of the re&longs;t, tho&longs;e which are farthe&longs;t from <lb/>it, are always le&longs;s than tho&longs;e that are nearer. </s>
<s>From the &longs;ame <lb/>principle, he &longs;aith, may be &longs;hewn why the &longs;aid light doth not <lb/>much dimini&longs;h. </s>
<s>And la&longs;tly, by this way the cau&longs;e is a&longs;&longs;igned <lb/>whence it comes, that that &longs;ame more &longs;hining circle about the <lb/>utmo&longs;t edge of the Moon, is &longs;een at the time of the Solar Ec­<lb/>clip&longs;e, in that part which lyeth ju&longs;t under the <emph type="italics"/>Di&longs;cus<emph.end type="italics"/> of the Sun, <lb/>but not in that which is be&longs;ide the <emph type="italics"/>Di&longs;cus<emph.end type="italics"/>: which happeneth <lb/>becau&longs;e the rays of the Sun pa&longs;s directly to our eye, through the <lb/>parts of the Moon underneath: but as for the parts which are <lb/>be&longs;ides it, they fall be&longs;ides the eye.”</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg195"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The &longs;econdary <lb/>light of the Moon <lb/>cau&longs;ed by the Sun, <lb/>according to &longs;ome.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>If this Philo&longs;opher had been the fir&longs;t Author of this o­<lb/>pinion, I would not wonder that he &longs;hould be &longs;o affectionate to it, <pb pagenum="77"/>as to have received it for truth; but borrowing it from others, I <lb/>cannot find any rea&longs;on &longs;ufficient to excu&longs;e him for not perceiving <lb/>its fallacies; and e&longs;pecially after he had heard the true cau&longs;e of <lb/>that effect, and had it in his power to &longs;atisfie him&longs;elf by a thou&longs;and <lb/>experiments, and manife&longs;t circum&longs;tances, that the &longs;ame proceeded <lb/>from the reflection of the Earth, and from nothing el&longs;e: and the more <lb/>this &longs;peculation makes &longs;omething to be de&longs;ired, in the judgment of <lb/>this Author, and of all tho&longs;e who give no credit to it: &longs;o much the <lb/>more doth their not having under&longs;tood and remembred it, excu&longs;e <lb/>tho&longs;e more rece&longs;s Antients, who, I am very certain, did they now <lb/>under&longs;tand it, would without the lea&longs;t repugnance admit thereof. <lb/></s>
<s>And if I may freely tell you what I think, I cannot believe but <lb/>that this <emph type="italics"/>Modern<emph.end type="italics"/> doth in his heart believe it; but I rather think, <lb/>that the conceit he &longs;hould not be the fir&longs;t Author thereof, did a <lb/>little move him to endeavour to &longs;uppre&longs;&longs;e it, or to di&longs;parage it at <lb/>lea&longs;t among&longs;t the &longs;imple, who&longs;e number we know to be very <lb/>great; and many there are, who much more affect the nume­<lb/>rous applauds of the people, than the approbation of a few not <lb/>vulgar judgments.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>Hold good <emph type="italics"/>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"/> for me thinks, I &longs;ee that you <lb/>go not the way to hit the true mark in this your di&longs;cour&longs;e, for the&longs;e <lb/>that ^{*} confound all propriety, know al&longs;o how to make them&longs;elves <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg196"></arrow.to.target><lb/>Authors of others inventions, provided they be not &longs;o &longs;tale, <lb/>and publick in the Schools and Market-places, as that they are more <lb/>then notorious to every one.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg196"></margin.target>* Tendono le pare­<lb/>te al commune.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. Ha! well aimed, you blame me for roving from the <lb/>point in hand; but what have you to do with Schools and Mar­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg197"></arrow.to.target><lb/>kets? </s>
<s>Is it not all one whether opinions and inventions be new to <lb/>men, or the men new to them? </s>
<s>If you ^{*} contend about the e­<lb/>&longs;teem of the Founders of Sciences, which in all times do &longs;tart up, <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg198"></arrow.to.target><lb/>you may make your &longs;elf their inventor, even to the Alphabet it <lb/>&longs;elf, and &longs;o gain admiration among&longs;t that illiterate rabble; and <lb/>though in proce&longs;&longs;e of time your craft &longs;hould be perceived, that <lb/>would but little prejudice your de&longs;igne; for that others would <lb/>&longs;ucceed them in maintaining the number of your fautors; but let <lb/>us return to prove to <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> the invalidity of the rea&longs;ons of his <lb/>modern Author, in which there are &longs;everal fal&longs;ities, incon&longs;equen­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg199"></arrow.to.target><lb/>cies, and incredible Paradoxes. </s>
<s>And fir&longs;t, it is fal&longs;e that this &longs;e­<lb/>condary light is clearer about the utmo&longs;t limb than in the middle <lb/>parts, &longs;o as to form, as it were, a ring or circle more bright than <lb/>the re&longs;t of its &longs;pace or contence. </s>
<s>True it is, indeed, that looking <lb/>on the Moon at the time of twilight, at fir&longs;t &longs;ight there is the re­<lb/>&longs;emblance of &longs;uch a circle, but by an illu&longs;ion ari&longs;ing from the di­<lb/>ver&longs;ity of confines that bound the Moons <emph type="italics"/>Di&longs;cus,<emph.end type="italics"/> which are con­<lb/>fu&longs;ed by means of this &longs;econdary light; fora&longs;much as on the part <pb pagenum="78"/>towards the Sun it is bounded by the lucid horns of the Moon, <lb/>and on the other part, its confining term is the ob&longs;cure tract of the <lb/>twilight; who&longs;e relation makes us think the candor of the Moons <lb/><emph type="italics"/>Di&longs;cus<emph.end type="italics"/> to be &longs;o much the clearer; the which happens to be ob­<lb/>fu&longs;cated in the oppo&longs;ite part, by the greater clarity of the cre&longs;­<lb/>cents; but if this modern Author had e&longs;&longs;aied to make an inter­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg200"></arrow.to.target><lb/>po&longs;ition between the eye and the primary &longs;plendor, by the ridg of <lb/>&longs;ome hou&longs;e, or &longs;ome other &longs;creen, &longs;o as to have left vi&longs;ible only <lb/>the gro&longs;e of the Moon, the horns excluded, he might have &longs;een <lb/>it all alike luminous.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg197"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Its all one whe­<lb/>ther opinions be <lb/>new to men, or men <lb/>new to opinions.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg198"></margin.target>* <emph type="italics"/>Conte&longs;tare<emph.end type="italics"/> fal&longs;ly <lb/>rendered in the <lb/>Latine Tran&longs;lation <lb/><emph type="italics"/>content are.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg199"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The &longs;econdary <lb/>light of the Moon <lb/>appears in form of <lb/>a Ring, that is to <lb/>&longs;ay, bright in the <lb/>extreme circumfe­<lb/>rence, and not in <lb/>the mid&longs;t, and why.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg200"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The may to ob­<lb/>&longs;erve the &longs;econda­<lb/>ry light of the <lb/>Moon.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL, I think, now I remember, that he writes of his <lb/>making u&longs;e of &longs;uch another Artifice, to hide from us the fal&longs;e <lb/><emph type="italics"/>Incidum.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. Oh! how is this (as I believed) inadvertency of his, <lb/>changed into a lie, bordering on ra&longs;hne&longs;&longs;e; for that every one <lb/>may frequently make proof of the contrary. </s>
<s>That in the next <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg201"></arrow.to.target><lb/>place, at the Suns Eclip&longs;e, the Moons <emph type="italics"/>Di&longs;cus<emph.end type="italics"/> is &longs;een otherwayes <lb/>than by privation, I much doubt, and &longs;pecially when the E­<lb/>clip&longs;e is not total, as tho&longs;e mu&longs;t nece&longs;&longs;arily have been, which <lb/>were ob&longs;erved by the Author; but if al&longs;o he &longs;hould have di&longs;cove­<lb/>red &longs;omewhat of light, this contradicts not, rather favoureth our <lb/>opinion; for that at &longs;uch a time, the whole Terre&longs;trial Hemi­<lb/>&longs;phere illuminated by the Sun, is oppo&longs;ite to the Moon, &longs;o that <lb/>although the Moons &longs;hadow doth ob&longs;cure a part thereof, yet this <lb/>is very &longs;mall in compari&longs;on of that which remains illuminated. <lb/></s>
<s>That which he farther adds, that in this ca&longs;e, the part of the <lb/>limb, lying under the Sun, doth appear very lucid, but that <lb/>which lyeth be&longs;ides it, not &longs;o; and that to proceed from the co­<lb/>ming of the &longs;olar rayes directly through that part to the eye, but <lb/>not through this, is really one of tho&longs;e fopperies, which di&longs;co <lb/>ver the other fictions, of him which relates them: For if it be <lb/>requi&longs;ite to the making a &longs;econdary light vi&longs;ible in the lunar <emph type="italics"/>Di&longs;­<lb/>cus,<emph.end type="italics"/> that the rayes of the Sun came directly through it to our <lb/>eyes, doth not this pitiful Philo&longs;opher perceive, that we &longs;hould ne­<lb/>ver &longs;ee this &longs;ame &longs;econdary light, &longs;ave onely at the Eclip&longs;e of the <lb/>Sun? </s>
<s>And if a part onely of the Moon, far le&longs;&longs;e than half a de­<lb/>gree, by being remote from the Suns <emph type="italics"/>Di&longs;cus,<emph.end type="italics"/> can deflect or de­<lb/>viate the rayes of the Sun, &longs;o that they arrive not at our eye; <lb/>what &longs;hall it do when it is di&longs;tant twenty or thirty degrees, as it is <lb/>at its fir&longs;t apparition? </s>
<s>and what cour&longs;e &longs;hall the rayes of the Sun <lb/>keep, which are to pa&longs;&longs;e thorow the body of the Moon, that <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg202"></arrow.to.target><lb/>they may find out our eye? </s>
<s>This man doth go &longs;ucce&longs;&longs;ively con&longs;i­<lb/>dering what things ought to be, that they may &longs;erve his purpo&longs;e, <lb/>but doth not gradually proceed, accommodating his conceits to <lb/>the things, as really they are. </s>
<s>As for in&longs;tance, to make the light <pb pagenum="79"/>of the Sun capable to penetrate the &longs;ub&longs;tance of the Moon, he <lb/>makes her in part diaphanous, as is <emph type="italics"/>v. </s>
<s>g.<emph.end type="italics"/> the tran&longs;parence of a cloud, <lb/>or cry&longs;tal: but I know not what he would think of &longs;uch a tran­<lb/>&longs;parency, in ca&longs;e the &longs;olar rayes were to pa&longs;&longs;e a depth of clouds <lb/>of above two thou&longs;and miles; but let it be &longs;uppo&longs;ed that he <lb/>&longs;hould boldly an&longs;wer, that might well be in the Cœle&longs;tial, which <lb/>are quite other things from the&longs;e our Elementary, impure, and <lb/>feculent bodies; and let us convict his error by &longs;uch wayes, as <lb/>admit him no reply, or (to &longs;ay better) &longs;ubter-fuge. </s>
<s>If he will <lb/>maintain, that the &longs;ub&longs;tance of the Moon is diaphanous, he <lb/>mu&longs;t &longs;ay that it is &longs;o, while&longs;t that the rayes of the Sun are to pe­<lb/>netrate its whole profundity, that is, more than two thou&longs;and <lb/>miles; but that if you oppo&longs;e unto them onely one mile, or <lb/>le&longs;&longs;e, they &longs;hould no more penetrate that, than they penetrate <lb/>one of our mountains.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg201"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The Moons<emph.end type="italics"/> Dif­<lb/>cus <emph type="italics"/>in a &longs;olar E­<lb/>clip&longs;e can be &longs;een <lb/>onely by privation.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg202"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The Author of the <lb/>Book of conclu&longs;i­<lb/>ons, accommodates <lb/>the things to his <lb/>purpo&longs;es, and not <lb/>his purpo&longs;es to the <lb/>things.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>You put me in mind of a man, who would have &longs;old <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg203"></arrow.to.target><lb/>me a &longs;ecret how to corre&longs;pond, by means of a certain &longs;ympathy of <lb/>magnetick needles, with one, that &longs;hould be two or three thou­<lb/>&longs;and miles di&longs;tant; and I telling him, that I would willingly buy <lb/>the &longs;ame, but that I de&longs;ired fir&longs;t to &longs;ee the experiment thereof, <lb/>and that it did &longs;uffice me to make it, I being in one Chamber, and <lb/>he in the next, he an&longs;wered me, that in &longs;o &longs;mall a di&longs;tance one <lb/>could not &longs;o well perceive the operation; whereupon I turn'd him <lb/>going, telling him, that I had no mind, at that time, to take a <lb/>journey unto <emph type="italics"/>Grand Cairo,<emph.end type="italics"/> or to <emph type="italics"/>Mu&longs;covy,<emph.end type="italics"/> to make the experi­<lb/>ment; but that, if he would go him&longs;elf, I would perform the <lb/>other part, &longs;taying in <emph type="italics"/>Venice.<emph.end type="italics"/> But let us hear whither the dedu­<lb/>ction of our Author tendeth, and what nece&longs;&longs;ity there is, that he <lb/>mu&longs;t grant the matter of the Moon to be mo&longs;t perforable by the <lb/>rayes of the Sun, in a depth of two thou&longs;and miles, but more <lb/>opacous than one of our mountains, in a thickne&longs;&longs;e of one mile <lb/>onely.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg203"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>A je&longs;t put upon one <lb/>that would &longs;ell a <lb/>certain &longs;ecret for <lb/>holding corre&longs;pon­<lb/>dency with a per&longs;on <lb/>a thou&longs;and miles <lb/>off<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>The very mountains of the Moon them&longs;elves are a <lb/>proof thereof, which percu&longs;&longs;ed on one &longs;ide of the Sun, do ca&longs;t <lb/>on the contrary &longs;ide very dark &longs;hadows, terminate, and more di­<lb/>&longs;tinct by much, than the &longs;hadows of ours; but had the&longs;e moun­<lb/>tains been diaphanous, we could never have come to the know­<lb/>ledg of any unevenne&longs;&longs;e in the &longs;uperficies of the Moon, nor have <lb/>&longs;een tho&longs;e luminous montuo&longs;ities di&longs;tingui&longs;hed by the terms which <lb/>&longs;eparate the lucid parts from the dark: much le&longs;&longs;e, &longs;hould we &longs;ee <lb/>this &longs;ame term &longs;o di&longs;tinct, if it were true, that the Suns light did <lb/>penetrate the whole thickne&longs;&longs;e of the Moon; yea rather, accord­<lb/>ing to the Authors own words, we &longs;hould of nece&longs;&longs;ity di&longs;cern the <lb/>pa&longs;&longs;age, and confine, between the part of the Sun &longs;een, and the <lb/>part not &longs;een, to be very confu&longs;ed, and mixt with light and <pb pagenum="80"/>darkne&longs;&longs;e; for that that matter which admits the pa&longs;&longs;age of the <lb/>Suns rayes thorow a &longs;pace of two thou&longs;and miles, mu&longs;t needs be <lb/>&longs;o tran&longs;parent, that it would very weakly re&longs;i&longs;t them in a hun­<lb/>dredth, or le&longs;&longs;er part of that thickne&longs;&longs;e; neverthele&longs;&longs;e, the term <lb/>which &longs;eparateth the part illuminated from the ob&longs;cure, is inci­<lb/>dent, and as di&longs;tinct, as white is di&longs;tinct from black; and e­<lb/>&longs;pecially where the Section pa&longs;&longs;eth through the part of the Moon, <lb/>that is naturally more clear and montanous; but where the old <lb/>&longs;pots do part, which are certain plains, that by means of their <lb/>&longs;pherical inclination, receive the rayes of the Sun obliquely, <lb/>there the term is not &longs;o di&longs;tinct, by rea&longs;on of the more dimme il­<lb/>lumination. </s>
<s>That, la&longs;tly, which he &longs;aith, how that the &longs;econdary <lb/>light doth not dimini&longs;h and langui&longs;h, according as the Moon en­<lb/>crea&longs;eth, but con&longs;erveth it &longs;elf continually in the &longs;ame efficacy; <lb/>is mo&longs;t fal&longs;e; nay it is hardly &longs;een in the quadrature, when, on <lb/>the contrary, it &longs;hould appear more &longs;plendid, and be vi&longs;ible after <lb/>the <emph type="italics"/>crepu&longs;culum<emph.end type="italics"/> in the dark of night. </s>
<s>Let us conclude therefore, <lb/>that the Earths reflection is very &longs;trong upon the Moon; and that, <lb/>which you ought more to e&longs;teem, we may deduce from thence an­<lb/>other admirable congruity between the Moon and Earth; name­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg204"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ly, that if it be true, the Planets operate upon the Earth by their <lb/>motion and light, the Earth may probably be no le&longs;&longs;e potent in <lb/>operating reciprocally upon them with the &longs;ame light, and perad­<lb/>venture, motion al&longs;o. </s>
<s>And though it &longs;hould not move, yet may <lb/>it retain the &longs;ame operation; becau&longs;e, as it hath been proved al­<lb/>ready, the action of the light is the &longs;elf &longs;ame, I mean of the light <lb/>of the Sun reflected; and motion doth nothing, &longs;ave only vary <lb/>the a&longs;pects, which fall out in the &longs;ame manner, whether we make <lb/>the Earth move, and the Sun &longs;tand &longs;till, or the contrary.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg204"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The Earth may re­<lb/>ciprocally operate <lb/>upon Cœle&longs;tial bo­<lb/>dies, with its light.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>None of the Philo&longs;ophers are found to have &longs;aid, that <lb/>the&longs;e inferiour bodies operate on the Cœle&longs;tial, nay, <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> af­<lb/>firmes the direct contrary.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. <emph type="italics"/>Aristotle<emph.end type="italics"/> and the re&longs;t, who knew not that the Earth and <lb/>Moon mutually illuminated each other, are to be excu&longs;ed; but <lb/>they would ju&longs;tly de&longs;erve our cen&longs;ure, if while&longs;t they de&longs;ire that <lb/>we &longs;hould grant and believe with them, that the Moon operateth <lb/>upon the Earth with light, they &longs;hould deny to us, who have <lb/>taught them that the Earth illuminates the Moon, the operation <lb/>the Earth hath on the Moon.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>In &longs;hort, I find in my &longs;elf a great unwillingne&longs;&longs;e to <lb/>admit this commerce, which you would per&longs;wade me to be be­<lb/>twixt the Earth and Moon, placing it, as we &longs;ay, among&longs;t the <lb/>number of the Stars; for if there were nothing el&longs;e, the great <lb/>&longs;eparation and di&longs;tance between it and the Cœle&longs;tial bodies, doth <lb/>in my opinion nece&longs;&longs;arily conclude a va&longs;t di&longs;parity between them.</s></p><pb pagenum="81"/><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>See <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> what an inveterate affection and radica­<lb/>ted opinion can do, &longs;ince it is &longs;o powerful, that it makes you think <lb/>that tho&longs;e very things favour you, which you produce again&longs;t <lb/>your &longs;elf. </s>
<s>For if &longs;eparation and di&longs;tance are accidents &longs;ufficient to <lb/>per&longs;wade with you a great diver&longs;ity of natures, it mn&longs;t follow that <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg205"></arrow.to.target><lb/>proximity and contiguity import &longs;imilitude. </s>
<s>Now how much more <lb/>neerer is the Moon to the Earth, than to any other of the Cœle&longs;tial <lb/>Orbs? </s>
<s>You mu&longs;t acknowledg therefore, according to your own con­<lb/>ce&longs;&longs;ion (and you &longs;hall have other Philo&longs;ophers bear you company) <lb/>that there is a very great affinity betwixt the Earth and Moon. <lb/></s>
<s>Now let us proceed, and &longs;ee whether any thing remains to be con­<lb/>&longs;idered, touching tho&longs;e objections which you made again&longs;t the re­<lb/>&longs;emblances that are between the&longs;e two bodies.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg205"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Affinity between <lb/>he Earth & Moon <lb/>in re&longs;pect of their <lb/>vicinity.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>It re&longs;ts, that we &longs;ay &longs;omething touching the &longs;olidity of <lb/>the Moon, which I argued from its being exqui&longs;ite &longs;mooth and <lb/>polite, and you from its montuo&longs;ity. </s>
<s>There is another &longs;cruple al­<lb/>&longs;o comes into my mind, from an opinion which I have, that the <lb/>Seas reflection ought by the equality of its &longs;urface, to be rendered <lb/>&longs;tronger than that of the Earth, who&longs;e &longs;uperficies is &longs;o rough and <lb/>opacous.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>As to the fir&longs;t objection; I &longs;ay, that like as among the <lb/>parts of the Earth, which all by their gravity &longs;trive to approach the <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg206"></arrow.to.target><lb/>neare&longs;t they can po&longs;&longs;ible to the center, &longs;ome of them alwayes are <lb/>more remote from it than the re&longs;t, as the mountains more than <lb/>the valleys, and that by rea&longs;on of their &longs;olidity and firmne&longs;&longs;e <lb/>(for if they were of fluid, they would be even) &longs;o the &longs;eeing &longs;ome <lb/>parts of the Moon to be elevated above the &longs;phericity of the low­<lb/>er parts, argueth their hardne&longs;&longs;e; for it is probable that the mat­<lb/>ter of the Moon is reduced into a &longs;pherical form by the harmoni­<lb/>ous con&longs;piration of all its parts to the &longs;ame &longs;enten&longs;e. </s>
<s>Touching <lb/>the &longs;econd doubt, my thinks that the particulars already ob&longs;erved <lb/>to happen in the Looking-gla&longs;&longs;es, may very well a&longs;&longs;ure us, that the <lb/>reflection of light comming from the Sea, is far weaker than that <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg207"></arrow.to.target><lb/>which cometh from Land; under&longs;tanding it alwayes of the <lb/>univer&longs;al reflection; for as to that particular, on which the wa­<lb/>ter being calm, ca&longs;teth upon a determinate place, there is no <lb/>doubt, but that he who &longs;hall &longs;tand in that place, &longs;hall &longs;ee a very <lb/>great reflection in the water, but every way el&longs;e he &longs;hall &longs;ee the <lb/>&longs;urface of the Water more ob&longs;cure than that of the Land; and to <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg208"></arrow.to.target><lb/>prove it to your &longs;en&longs;es, let us go into yonder Hall, and power <lb/>forth a little water upon the Pavement. </s>
<s>Tell me now, doth not <lb/>this wet brick &longs;hew more dull than the other dry ones? </s>
<s>Doubt­<lb/>le&longs;&longs;e it doth, and will &longs;o appear, from what place &longs;oever you be­<lb/>hold it, except one onely, and this is that way which the light <lb/>cometh, that entereth in at yonder window; go backwards <lb/>therefore by a little and a little.</s></p><pb pagenum="82"/><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg206"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Solidity of the <lb/>Lunar Globe argu­<lb/>ed from its being <lb/>montainous.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg207"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The Seas refle­<lb/>ction of light much <lb/>weaker than that <lb/>of the Earth.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg208"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>An experiment <lb/>to prove the refle­<lb/>ction of the Water <lb/>le&longs;&longs;e clear than <lb/>that of the Land.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>Here I &longs;ee the we&longs;t part &longs;hine more than all the re&longs;t of <lb/>the pavement, and I &longs;ee that it &longs;o hapneth, becau&longs;e the refle­<lb/>ction of the light which entereth in at the window, cometh to­<lb/>wards me.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>That moi&longs;ture hath done no more but filled tho&longs;e little <lb/>cavities which are in the brick with water, and reduced its &longs;uper­<lb/>ficies to an exact evene&longs;&longs;e; whereupon the reflex rayes i&longs;&longs;ue <lb/>unitedly towards one and the &longs;ame place; but the re&longs;t of the <lb/>pavement which is dry, hath its protuberances, that is, an innu­<lb/>merable variety of inclinations in its &longs;malle&longs;t particles; whereup­<lb/>on the reflections of the light &longs;catter towards all parts, but more <lb/>weakly than if they had gone all united together; and therefore, <lb/>the &longs;ame &longs;heweth almo&longs;t all alike, beheld &longs;everal wayes, but far <lb/>le&longs;&longs;e clear than the moi&longs;tned brick. </s>
<s>I conclude therefore, that the <lb/>&longs;urface of the Sea, beheld from the Moon, in like manner, as it <lb/>would appear mo&longs;t equal, (the I&longs;lands and Rocks deducted) &longs;o it <lb/>would &longs;hew le&longs;&longs;e clear than that of the Earth, which is montanous <lb/>and uneven. </s>
<s>And but that I would not &longs;eem, as the &longs;aying is, <lb/>to harp too much on one &longs;tring, I could tell you that I have ob­<lb/>&longs;erved in the Moon that &longs;econdary light which I told you came to <lb/>her from the reflection of the Terre&longs;trial Globe, to be notably <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg209"></arrow.to.target><lb/>more clear two or three dayes before the conjunction, than after, <lb/>that is, when we &longs;ee it before break of day in the Ea&longs;t, than <lb/>when it is &longs;een at night after Sun-&longs;et in the We&longs;t; of which dif­<lb/>ference the cau&longs;e is, that the Terre&longs;trial Hemi&longs;phere, which looks <lb/>towards the Ea&longs;tern Moon, hath little Sea, and much Land, to <lb/>wit, all <emph type="italics"/>A&longs;ia,<emph.end type="italics"/> whereas, when it is in the We&longs;t, it beholds very <lb/>great Seas, that is, the whole <emph type="italics"/>Atlantick<emph.end type="italics"/> Ocean as far as <emph type="italics"/>America:<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>An Argument &longs;ufficiently probable that the &longs;urface of the water <lb/>appears le&longs;&longs;e &longs;plendid than that of the Earth.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg209"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The &longs;econdary <lb/>light of the Moon <lb/>clearer before the <lb/>conjunction, than <lb/>after.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>So that perhaps you believe, tho&longs;e great &longs;pots di&longs;co­<lb/>vered in the face of the Moon, to be Seas, and the other clearer <lb/>parts to be Land, or &longs;ome &longs;uch thing?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>This which you ask me, is the beginning of tho&longs;e in­<lb/>congruities which I e&longs;teem to be between the Moon and the <lb/>Earth, out of which it is time to di&longs;-ingage our &longs;elves, for we <lb/>have &longs;tayed too long in the Moon. </s>
<s>I &longs;ay therefore, that if there <lb/>were in nature but one way onely, to make two &longs;uperficies illu&longs;tra­<lb/>ted by the Sun, to appear one more clear than the other, and <lb/>that this were by the being of the one Earth, and the other Wa­<lb/>ter; it would be nece&longs;&longs;ary to &longs;ay that the &longs;urface of the Moon <lb/>were part earthy and part aquatick; but becau&longs;e we know many <lb/>wayes to produce the &longs;ame effect (and others there may be which <lb/>we know not of;) therefore I dare not affirm the Moon to con­<lb/>&longs;i&longs;t of one thing more than another: It hath been &longs;een already <pb pagenum="83"/>that a &longs;ilver plate boiled, being toucht with the Burni&longs;her, be­<lb/>cometh of white ob&longs;cure; that the moi&longs;t part of the Earth &longs;hews <lb/>more ob&longs;cure than the dry; that in the tops of Hills, the woody <lb/>parts appear more gloomy than the naked and barren; which <lb/>hapneth becau&longs;e there falleth very much &longs;hadow among the Trees, <lb/>but the open places are illuminated all over by the Sun. </s>
<s>And this <lb/>mixtion of &longs;hadow hath &longs;uch operation, that in tu&longs;ted velvet, the <lb/>&longs;ilk which is cut, is of a far darker colour than that which is not <lb/>cut, by means of the &longs;hadows diffu&longs;ed betwixt thred and thred, <lb/>and a plain velvet &longs;hews much blacker than a Taffata, made of the <lb/>&longs;ame &longs;ilk. </s>
<s>So that if there were in the Moon things which &longs;hould <lb/>look like great Woods, their a&longs;pect might repre&longs;ent unto us the <lb/>&longs;pots which we di&longs;cover; alike difference would be occa&longs;ioned, if <lb/>there were Seas in her: and la&longs;tly, nothing hindreth, but that tho&longs;e <lb/>&longs;pots may really be of an ob&longs;curer colour than the re&longs;t; for thus <lb/>the &longs;now makes the mountains &longs;hew brighter. </s>
<s>That which is plain­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg210"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ly ob&longs;erved in the Moon is, that its mo&longs;t ob&longs;cure parts are all <lb/>plains, with few ri&longs;es and bancks in them; though &longs;ome there be; <lb/>the re&longs;t which is of a brighter colour, is all full of rocks, moun­<lb/>tains, hillocks of &longs;pherical and other figures; and in particular, round <lb/>about the &longs;pots are very great ledges of mountains. </s>
<s>That the <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg211"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;pots be plain &longs;uperficies, we have a&longs;&longs;uredproof, in that we &longs;ee, <lb/>how that the term which di&longs;tingui&longs;heth the part illuminated from <lb/>the ob&longs;cure, in cro&longs;&longs;ing the &longs;pots makes the inter&longs;ection even, but <lb/>in the clear parts it &longs;hews all craggy and &longs;hagged. </s>
<s>But I know not <lb/>as yet whether this evenne&longs;&longs;e of &longs;uperficies may be &longs;ufficient of it <lb/>&longs;elf alone, to make the ob&longs;curity appear, and I rather think not. <lb/></s>
<s>Be&longs;ides, I account the Moon exceeding different from the Earth; <lb/>for although I imagine to my &longs;elf that tho&longs;e are not idle and dead <lb/>Regions, yet I affirm not, that there are in them motion and life, <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg212"></arrow.to.target><lb/>much le&longs;s that there are bred plants, animals or other things like <lb/>to ours; but, if &longs;uch there be, they &longs;hould neverthele&longs;s be very <lb/>different, and remote from our imagination. </s>
<s>And I am induced &longs;o <lb/>to think, becau&longs;e in the fir&longs;t place, I e&longs;teem that the matter of the <lb/>Lunar Globe con&longs;i&longs;ts not of Earth and Water; and this alone <lb/>&longs;ufficeth to take away the generations and alterations re&longs;embling <lb/>ours: but now &longs;uppo&longs;ing that there were in the Moon, Water and <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg213"></arrow.to.target><lb/>Earth, yet would they not produce plants and animals like to <lb/>ours; and this for two principal rea&longs;ons: The fir&longs;t is, that unto our <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg214"></arrow.to.target><lb/>productions there are required &longs;o many variable a&longs;pects of the Sun, <lb/>that without them they would all mi&longs;carry: now the habitudes of <lb/>the Sun towards the Earth are far different from tho&longs;e towards <lb/>the Moon. </s>
<s>We as to the diurnal illumination, have, in the greater <lb/>part of the Earth, every twenty four hours part day, and part <lb/>night, which effect in the Moon is monethly: and that annual decli­<pb pagenum="84"/>nation and elevation of the Sun in the Zodiack, by which it pro­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg215"></arrow.to.target><lb/>duceth diver&longs;ity of Sea&longs;ons, and inequality of dayes and nights, <lb/>are fini&longs;hed in the Moon in a moneth; and whereas the Sun to us <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg216"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ri&longs;eth and declineth &longs;o much, that from the greate&longs;t to the lea&longs;t al­<lb/>titude, there is a difference of almo&longs;t 47 degrees, for &longs;o much is <lb/>the di&longs;tance from one to the other Tropick; this is in the Moon <lb/>but ten degrees only, or little more; namely, as much as the grea­<lb/>te&longs;t Latitudes of the Dragon on each &longs;ide the Ecliptick. </s>
<s>Now <lb/>con&longs;ider what effect the Sun would have in the torrid Zone, &longs;hould <lb/>it continually for fifteen dayes together beam forth its Rayes upon <lb/>it; which without all que&longs;tion would de&longs;troy plants, herbs, <lb/>and living creatures: and if it &longs;hould chance that there were any <lb/>production, it would be of herbs, plants, and creatures very diffe­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg217"></arrow.to.target><lb/>rent from tho&longs;e which are now there. </s>
<s>Secondly, I verily believe <lb/>that in the Moon there are no rains, for if Clouds &longs;hould gather <lb/>in any part thereof, as they do about the Earth, they would there­<lb/>upon hide from our &longs;ight &longs;ome of tho&longs;e things, which we with the <lb/><emph type="italics"/>Tele&longs;cope<emph.end type="italics"/> behold in the Moon, and in a word, would &longs;ome way or <lb/>other change its <emph type="italics"/>Phœnomenon,<emph.end type="italics"/> an effect which I could never by long <lb/>and diligent ob&longs;ervations di&longs;cover; but alwayes beheld it in a <lb/>even and pure &longs;erenity.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg210"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The ob&longs;curer <lb/>parts of the Moon <lb/>are plains, and the <lb/>more bright moun­<lb/>tainous.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg211"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Long ledges of <lb/>mountaixs about <lb/>the &longs;pots of the <lb/>Moon.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg212"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>There are not <lb/>generated in the <lb/>Moon things like <lb/>to ours, but if <lb/>there be any pro­<lb/>ductions, they are <lb/>very different.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg213"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The Moon <gap/>os <lb/>compo&longs;ed of Water <lb/>and Earth.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg214"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Tho&longs;e a&longs;pects of <lb/>the Sun nece&longs;&longs;ary <lb/>for our generati­<lb/>ons, are not &longs;o in <lb/>the Moon.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg215"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Natural dayas <lb/>in the Moon are of <lb/>a Moneth long.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg216"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>To the Moon <lb/>the Sun a&longs;eondeth <lb/>and declineth with <lb/>a difference of ten <lb/>degrees, and to the <lb/>Earth of forty &longs;e­<lb/>ven degrees.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg217"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>There are no <lb/>rains in the Moon.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>To this may be an&longs;wered, either that there might be <lb/>great mi&longs;ts, or that it might rain in the time of their night, that is, <lb/>when the Sun doth not illuminate it.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>If other pa&longs;&longs;ages did but a&longs;&longs;ure us, that there were ge­<lb/>nerations in it like to ours, and that there was onely wanting the <lb/>concour&longs;e of rains, we might find out this, or &longs;ome other tempe­<lb/>rament to &longs;erve in&longs;tead thereof, as it happens in <emph type="italics"/>Egypt<emph.end type="italics"/> by the in­<lb/>undation of <emph type="italics"/>Nile:<emph.end type="italics"/> but not meeting with any accident, which cor­<lb/>re&longs;ponds with ours, of many that have been &longs;ought out for the pro­<lb/>duction of the like effects, we need not trouble our &longs;elves to intro­<lb/>duce one alone; and that al&longs;o, not becau&longs;e we have certain ob&longs;er­<lb/>vation of it, but for a bare non-repugnance that we find therein. <lb/></s>
<s>Moreover, if I was demanded what my fir&longs;t apprehen&longs;ion, and pure <lb/>natural rea&longs;on dictated to me concerning the production of things <lb/>like or unlike there above, I would alwayes reply, that they are <lb/>mo&longs;t different, and to us altogether unimaginable, for &longs;o me thinks <lb/>the riches of Nature, and the omnipotence of our Creator and <lb/>Governour, do require.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>I ever accounted extraordinary madne&longs;&longs;e that of tho&longs;e, <lb/>who would make humane comprehen&longs;ion the mea&longs;ure of what na­<lb/>ture hath a power or knowledge to effect; whereas on the con­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg218"></arrow.to.target><lb/>trary there is not any the lea&longs;t effect in Nature, which can be fully <lb/>under&longs;tood by the mo&longs;t &longs;peculative wits in the world. </s>
<s>This their <lb/>&longs;o vain pre&longs;umption of knowing all, can take beginning from no­<pb pagenum="85"/>thing, unle&longs;&longs;e from their never having known any thing; for if <lb/>one hath but once onely experienced the perfect knowledg of one <lb/>onely thing, and but truly ta&longs;ted what it is to know, he &longs;hall per­<lb/>ceive that of infinite other conclu&longs;ions, he under&longs;tands not &longs;o much <lb/>as one.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg218"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The having a <lb/>perfect knowledg <lb/>of nothing, maketh <lb/>&longs;ome believe they <lb/>under&longs;tand all <lb/>things.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>Your di&longs;cour&longs;e is very concluding; in confirmation of <lb/>which we have the example of tho&longs;e who under&longs;tand, or have <lb/>known &longs;ome thing, which the more knowing they are, the more <lb/>they know, and freely confe&longs;&longs;e that they know little; nay, the <lb/>wi&longs;e&longs;t man in all <emph type="italics"/>Greece,<emph.end type="italics"/> and for &longs;uch pronounced by the Oracle, <lb/>openly profe&longs;&longs;ed to know that he knew nothing.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>It mu&longs;t be granted therefore, either that <emph type="italics"/>Socrates<emph.end type="italics"/> or <lb/>that the <emph type="italics"/>Oracle<emph.end type="italics"/> it &longs;elf was a lyar, <emph type="italics"/>that declaring him to be mo&longs;t <lb/>wi&longs;e, and he confe&longs;&longs;ing that he knew him&longs;elf to be mo&longs;t ig­<lb/>norant.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>Neither one nor the other doth follow, for that both <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg219"></arrow.to.target><lb/>the a&longs;&longs;ertions may be true. </s>
<s>The <emph type="italics"/>Oracle<emph.end type="italics"/> adjudged <emph type="italics"/>Socrates<emph.end type="italics"/> the wi­<lb/>&longs;e&longs;t of all men, who&longs;e knowledg is limited; <emph type="italics"/>Socrates<emph.end type="italics"/> acknow­<lb/>ledgeth that he knew nothing in relation to ab&longs;olute wi&longs;dome, <lb/>which is infinite; and becau&longs;e of infinite, much is the &longs;ame part, <lb/>as is little, and as is nothing (for to arrive <emph type="italics"/>v. </s>
<s>g.<emph.end type="italics"/> to the infinite <lb/>number, it is all one to accumulate thou&longs;ands, tens, or ciphers,) <lb/>therefore <emph type="italics"/>Socrates<emph.end type="italics"/> well perceived his wi&longs;dom to be nothing, in <lb/>compari&longs;on of the infinite knowledg which he wanted. </s>
<s>But yet, <lb/>becau&longs;e there is &longs;ome knowledg found among&longs;t men, and this <lb/>not equally &longs;hared to all, <emph type="italics"/>Socrates<emph.end type="italics"/> might have a greater &longs;hare <lb/>thereof than others, and therefore verified the an&longs;wer of the <lb/><emph type="italics"/>Oracle.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg219"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The an&longs;wer of <lb/>the Oracle true in <lb/>judging<emph.end type="italics"/> Socrates <lb/><emph type="italics"/>the wi&longs;eft of his <lb/>time.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>I think I very well under&longs;tand this particular among&longs;t <lb/>men, <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> there is a power of operating, but not equally <lb/>di&longs;pen&longs;ed to all; and it is without que&longs;tion, that the power of an <lb/>Emperor is far greater than that of a private per&longs;on; but, both <lb/>this and that are nothing in compari&longs;on of the Divine Omnipo­<lb/>tence. </s>
<s>Among&longs;t men, there are &longs;ome that better under&longs;tand <lb/>Agriculture than many others; but the knowledg of planting a <lb/>Vine in a trench, what hath it to do with the knowledg of ma­<lb/>king it to &longs;prout forth, to attract nouri&longs;hment, to &longs;elect this good <lb/>part from that other, for to make thereof leaves, another to make <lb/>&longs;prouts, another to make grapes, another to make rai&longs;ins, ano­<lb/>ther to make the huskes of them, which are the works of mo&longs;t <lb/>wi&longs;e Nature? </s>
<s>This is one only particular act of the innumerable, <lb/>which Nature doth, and in it alone is di&longs;covered an infinite wi&longs;­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg220"></arrow.to.target><lb/>dom, &longs;o that Divine Wi&longs;dom may be concluded to be infinitely <lb/>infinite.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg220"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Divine Wi&longs;dom <lb/>infinitely infinise.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>Take hereof another example. </s>
<s>Do we not &longs;ay that the <pb pagenum="86"/>judicious di&longs;covering of a mo&longs;t lovely <emph type="italics"/>Statua<emph.end type="italics"/> in a piece of Marble, <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg221"></arrow.to.target><lb/>hath &longs;ublimated the wit of <emph type="italics"/>Buonarruotti<emph.end type="italics"/> far above the vulgar wits <lb/>of other men? </s>
<s>And yet this work is onely the imitation of a <lb/>meer aptitude and di&longs;po&longs;ition of exteriour and &longs;uperficial mem­<lb/>bers of an immoveable man; but what is it in compari&longs;on of a <lb/>man made by nature, compo&longs;ed of as many exteriour and inte­<lb/>riour members, of &longs;o many mu&longs;cles, tendons, nerves, bones, <lb/>which &longs;erve to &longs;o many and &longs;undry motions? </s>
<s>but what &longs;hall we <lb/>&longs;ay of the &longs;en&longs;es, and of the powers of the &longs;oul, and la&longs;tly, of <lb/>the under&longs;tanding? </s>
<s>May we not &longs;ay, and that with rea&longs;on, that <lb/>the &longs;tructure of a Statue fals far &longs;hort of the formation of a living <lb/>man, yea more of a contemptible worm?</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg221"></margin.target>Buonarruotti, <emph type="italics"/>a <lb/>&longs;tatuary of admi­<lb/>rable ingenuity.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>And what difference think you, was there betwixt the <lb/>Dove of <emph type="italics"/>Architas,<emph.end type="italics"/> and one made by Nature?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>Either I am none of the&longs;e knowing men, or el&longs;e <lb/>there is a manife&longs;t contradiction in this your di&longs;cour&longs;e. </s>
<s>You ac­<lb/>count under&longs;tanding among&longs;t the greate&longs;t (if you make it not the <lb/>chief of the) <emph type="italics"/>Encomiums<emph.end type="italics"/> a&longs;cribed to man made by Nature, and <lb/>a little before you &longs;aid with <emph type="italics"/>Socrates,<emph.end type="italics"/> that he had no knowledg at <lb/>all; therefore you mu&longs;t &longs;ay, that neither did Nature under&longs;tand <lb/>how to make an under&longs;tanding that under&longs;tandeth.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>You argue very cunningly, but to reply to your obje­<lb/>ction I mu&longs;t have recour&longs;e to a Philo&longs;ophical di&longs;tinction, and &longs;ay <lb/>that the under&longs;tanding is to be taken too ways, that is <emph type="italics"/>inten&longs;ivè,<emph.end type="italics"/> or <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg222"></arrow.to.target><lb/><emph type="italics"/>exten&longs;ivè<emph.end type="italics"/>; and that <emph type="italics"/>exten&longs;ive,<emph.end type="italics"/> that is, as to the multitude of intel­<lb/>ligibles, which are infinite, the under&longs;tanding of man is as no­<lb/>thing, though he &longs;hould under&longs;tand a thou&longs;and propo&longs;itions; for <lb/>that a thou&longs;and, in re&longs;pect of infinity is but as a cypher: but taking <lb/>the under&longs;tanding <emph type="italics"/>inten&longs;ive,<emph.end type="italics"/> (in as much as that term imports) in­<lb/>ten&longs;ively, that is, perfectly &longs;ome propo&longs;itions, I &longs;ay, that humane wi&longs;­<lb/>dom under&longs;tandeth &longs;ome propo&longs;itions &longs;o perfectly, and is as ab&longs;o­<lb/>lutely certain thereof, as Nature her &longs;elf; and &longs;uch are the pure <lb/>Mathematical &longs;ciences, to wit, Geometry and Arithmetick: in which <lb/>Divine Wi&longs;dom knows infinite more propo&longs;itions, becau&longs;e it knows <lb/>them all; but I believe that the knowledge of tho&longs;e few compre­<lb/>hended by humane under&longs;tanding, equalleth the divine, as to the <lb/>certainty <emph type="italics"/>objectivè,<emph.end type="italics"/> for that it arriveth to comprehend the nece&longs;­<lb/>&longs;ity thereof, than which there can be no greater certainty.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg222"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Man under&longs;tand­<lb/>eth very well<emph.end type="italics"/> in­<lb/>ten&longs;ivè, <emph type="italics"/>but little<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>exten&longs;ivè.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>This &longs;eemeth to me a very bold and ra&longs;h expre&longs;&longs;ion.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>The&longs;e are common notions, and far from all umbrage <lb/>of temerity, or boldne&longs;s, and detract not in the lea&longs;t from the Ma­<lb/>je&longs;ty of divine wi&longs;dom; as it nothing dimini&longs;heth the omnipotence <lb/>thereof to &longs;ay, that God cannot make what is once done, to be un­<lb/>done: but I doubt, <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> that your &longs;cruple ari&longs;eth from an o­<lb/>pinion you have, that my words are &longs;omewhat equivocal; there­<pb pagenum="87"/>fore the better to expre&longs;s my &longs;elf I &longs;ay, that as to the truth, of <lb/>which Mathematical demon&longs;trations give us the knowledge, it is <lb/>the &longs;ame, which the divine wi&longs;dom knoweth; but this I mu&longs;t grant <lb/>you, that the manner whereby God knoweth the infinite propo­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg223"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;itions, of which we under&longs;tand &longs;ome few, is highly more excellent <lb/>than ours, which proceedeth by ratiocination, and pa&longs;&longs;eth from con­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg224"></arrow.to.target><lb/>clu&longs;ion to conclu&longs;ion, whereas his is done at one &longs;ingle thought or <lb/>intuition; and whereas we, for example, to attain the knowledg <lb/>of &longs;ome pa&longs;&longs;ion of the Circle, which hath infinite, beginning <lb/>from one of the mo&longs;t &longs;imple, and taking that for its definition, <lb/>do proceed with argumentation to another, and from that to a <lb/>third, and then to a fourth, <emph type="italics"/>&c.<emph.end type="italics"/> the Divine Wi&longs;dom, by the <lb/>apprehen&longs;ion of its e&longs;&longs;ence comprehends, without temporary raci­<lb/>ocination, all the&longs;e infinite pa&longs;&longs;ions; which notwith&longs;tanding, are <lb/>in effect virtually compri&longs;ed in the definitions of all things; and, to <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg225"></arrow.to.target><lb/>conclude, as being infinite, perhaps are but one alone in their nature, <lb/>and in the Divine Mind; the which neither is wholly unknown to <lb/>humane under&longs;tanding, but onely be-clouded with thick and <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg226"></arrow.to.target><lb/>gro&longs;&longs;e mi&longs;ts; which come in part to be di&longs;&longs;ipated and clarified, <lb/>when we are made Ma&longs;ters of any conclu&longs;ions, firmly demon­<lb/>&longs;trated, and &longs;o perfectly made ours, as that we can &longs;peedily run <lb/>through them; for in &longs;um, what other, is that propo&longs;ition, that <lb/>the &longs;quare of the &longs;ide &longs;ubtending the right angle in any triangle, <lb/>is equal to the &longs;quares of the other two, which include it, but <lb/>onely the Paralellograms being upon common ba&longs;es, and between <lb/>parallels equal among&longs;t them&longs;elves? </s>
<s>and this, la&longs;tly, is it not the <lb/>&longs;ame, as to &longs;ay that tho&longs;e two &longs;uperficies are equal, of which <lb/>equal parts applyed to equal parts, po&longs;&longs;e&longs;&longs;e equal place? </s>
<s>Now <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg227"></arrow.to.target><lb/>the&longs;e inferences, which our intellect apprehendeth with time and a <lb/>gradual motion, the Divine Wi&longs;dom, like light, penetrateth in <lb/>an in&longs;tant, which is the &longs;ame as to &longs;ay, hath them alwayes pre­<lb/>&longs;ent: I conclude therefore, that our under&longs;tanding, both as to <lb/>the manner and the multitude of the things comprehended by us, <lb/>is infinitely &longs;urpa&longs;t by the Divine Wi&longs;dom; but yet I do not &longs;o <lb/>vilifie it, as to repute it ab&longs;olutely nothing; yea rather, when I <lb/>con&longs;ider how many and how great mi&longs;teries men have under&longs;tood, <lb/>di&longs;covered, and contrived, I very plainly know and under&longs;tand <lb/>the mind of man to be one of the works, yea one of the mo&longs;t ex­<lb/>cellent works of God.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg223"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Gods manner of <lb/>knowing different <lb/>from that of men.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg224"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Humane under­<lb/>&longs;tanding done by <lb/>raciocination.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg225"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Definitions con­<lb/>tein virtually all <lb/>the pa&longs;&longs;ions of the <lb/>things defined.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg226"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Infinite Pa&longs;&longs;ions <lb/>are perhaps but <lb/>one onely.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg227"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The di&longs;cour&longs;es <lb/>which humane <lb/>rea&longs;on makes in a <lb/>certain time, the <lb/>Divine Wi&longs;dom re­<lb/>&longs;olveth in a mo­<lb/>ment; that is, hath <lb/>them alwayes pre­<lb/>&longs;ent.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>I have oft times con&longs;idered with my &longs;elf, in pur&longs;uance <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg228"></arrow.to.target><lb/>of that which you &longs;peak of, how great the wit of man is; and <lb/>whil'&longs;t I run thorow &longs;uch and &longs;o many admirable inventions found <lb/>out by him, as well in the Arts, as Sciences; and again reflecting <lb/>upon my own wit, &longs;o far from promi&longs;ing me the di&longs;covery of any <lb/>thing new, that I de&longs;pair of comprehending what is already di&longs;­<pb pagenum="88"/>covered, confounded with wonder, and &longs;urpri&longs;ed with de&longs;pera­<lb/>tion, I account my &longs;elf little le&longs;&longs;e than mi&longs;erable. </s>
<s>If I behold a <lb/>Statue of &longs;ome excellent Ma&longs;ter, I &longs;ay with my &longs;elf; When wilt <lb/>thou know how to chizzle away the refu&longs;e of a piece of Marble, <lb/>and di&longs;cover &longs;o lovely a figure, as lyeth hid therein? </s>
<s>When wilt <lb/>thou mix and &longs;pread &longs;o many different colours upon a Cloth, or <lb/>Wall, and repre&longs;ent therewith all vi&longs;ible objects, like a <emph type="italics"/>Michael <lb/>Angelo,<emph.end type="italics"/> a <emph type="italics"/>Raphaello,<emph.end type="italics"/> or a <emph type="italics"/>Tizvano<emph.end type="italics"/>? </s>
<s>If I behold what inventions <lb/>men have in comparting Mu&longs;ical intervals, in e&longs;tabli&longs;hing Pre­<lb/>cepts and Rules for the management thereof with admirable de­<lb/>light to the ear: When &longs;hall I cea&longs;e my a&longs;toni&longs;hment? </s>
<s>What <lb/>&longs;hall I &longs;ay of &longs;uch and &longs;o various In&longs;truments of that Art? </s>
<s>The <lb/>reading of excellent Poets, with what admiration doth it &longs;well <lb/>any one that attentively con&longs;idereth the invention of conceits, <lb/>and their explanation? </s>
<s>What &longs;hall we &longs;ay of Architecture? <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg229"></arrow.to.target><lb/>What of Navigation? </s>
<s>But, above all other &longs;tupendious inventi­<lb/>ons, what &longs;ublimity of mind was that in him, that imagined to <lb/>him&longs;elf to find out a way to communicate his mo&longs;t &longs;ecret thoughts <lb/>to any other per&longs;on, though very far di&longs;tant from him either in <lb/>time, or place, &longs;peaking with tho&longs;e that are in the <emph type="italics"/>India's<emph.end type="italics"/>; &longs;peak­<lb/>ing to tho&longs;e that are not yet born, nor &longs;hall be this thou&longs;and, or <lb/>ten thou&longs;and years? </s>
<s>and with how much facility? </s>
<s>but by the va­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg230"></arrow.to.target><lb/>rious collocation of ^{*} twenty little letters upon a paper? </s>
<s>Let this <lb/>be the Seal of all the admirable inventions of man, and the clo&longs;e <lb/>of our Di&longs;cour&longs;e for this day: For the warmer hours being pa&longs;t, <lb/>I &longs;uppo&longs;e that <emph type="italics"/>Salviatus<emph.end type="italics"/> hath a de&longs;ire to go and take the air in his <lb/>Gondelo; but too morrow we will both wait upon you, to con­<lb/>tinue the Di&longs;cour&longs;es we have begun, <emph type="italics"/>&c.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><pb/><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg228"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The wit of man <lb/>admirably ac<gap/>.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg229"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The invention of <lb/>writing &longs;tupendious <lb/>above all others.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg230"></margin.target>* For of &longs;o many <lb/>only the Italian <lb/>Alphabet con&longs;i&longs;ts.</s></p><figure></figure><p type="caption">
<s><emph type="italics"/>Place this Plate <lb/>at the end of <lb/>the first<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="caption">
<s>Dialogue ~</s></p><pb pagenum="89"/><p type="head">
<s>GALILÆUS <lb/>Galilæus Lyncæus, <lb/>HIS <lb/>SYSTEME <lb/>OF THE <lb/>WORLD.</s></p><p type="head">
<s>The Second Dialogue.</s></p><p type="head">
<s><emph type="italics"/>INTERLOCVTORS.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head">
<s>SALVIATUS, SAGREDUS, and SIMPLICIUS.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>The ye&longs;ter-dayes diver&longs;ions which led us <lb/>out of the path of our principal di&longs;cour&longs;e, <lb/>were &longs;uch and &longs;o many, that I know not <lb/>how I can without your a&longs;&longs;i&longs;tance reco­<lb/>ver the track in which I am to proceed.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>I wonder not, that you, who <lb/>have your fancy charged and laden with <lb/>both what hath been, and is to be &longs;po­<lb/>ken, do find your &longs;elf in &longs;ome confu&longs;i­<lb/>on; but I, who as being onely an Auditor, have nothing to bur­<lb/>then my memory withal, but &longs;uch things as I have heard, may <lb/>happily by a &longs;uccinct rehear&longs;al of them, recover the fir&longs;t thred <lb/>of our Di&longs;cour&longs;e. </s>
<s>As far therefore as my memory &longs;erves me, the <lb/>&longs;um of ye&longs;terdayes conferences were an examination of the Prin­<pb pagenum="90"/>ciples of <emph type="italics"/>Ptolomy<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus,<emph.end type="italics"/> and which of their opinions is <lb/>the more probable and rational; that, which affirmeth the &longs;ub­<lb/>&longs;tance of the Cœle&longs;tial bodies to be ingenerable, incorruptible, un­<lb/>alterable, impa&longs;&longs;ible, and in a word, exempt from all kind of change, <lb/>&longs;ave that of local, and therefore to be a <emph type="italics"/>fifth e&longs;&longs;ence,<emph.end type="italics"/> quite different <lb/>from this of our Elementary bodies, which are generable, corrup­<lb/>tible, alterable, <emph type="italics"/>&c.<emph.end type="italics"/> or el&longs;e the other, which taking away &longs;uch <lb/>deformity from the parts of the World, holdeth the Earth to en­<lb/>joy the &longs;ame perfections as the other integral bodies of the uni­<lb/>ver&longs;e; and e&longs;teemeth it a moveable and erratick Globe, no le&longs;&longs;e <lb/>than the Moon, <emph type="italics"/>Jupiter, Venus,<emph.end type="italics"/> or any other Planet: And la&longs;tly, <lb/>maketh many particular parallels betwixt the Earth and Moon; <lb/>and more with the Moon, than with any other Planet; hap­<lb/>ly by rea&longs;on we have greater and more certain notice of it, as <lb/>being le&longs;&longs;e di&longs;tant from us. </s>
<s>And having, la&longs;tly, concluded this <lb/>&longs;econd opinion to have more of probability with it than the fir&longs;t, <lb/>I &longs;hould think it be&longs;t in the &longs;ub&longs;equent di&longs;cour&longs;es to begin to exa­<lb/>mine whether the Earth be e&longs;teemed immoveable, as it hath <lb/>been till now believed by mo&longs;t men, or el&longs;e moveable, as &longs;ome <lb/>ancient <emph type="italics"/>Philo&longs;ophers<emph.end type="italics"/> held, and others of not very rece&longs;&longs;e times, <lb/>were of opinion; and if it be moveable, to enquire of what <lb/>kind its motion may be?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>I &longs;ee already what way I am to take; but before we <lb/>offer to proceed any farther, I am to &longs;ay &longs;omething to you touch­<lb/>ing tho&longs;e la&longs;t words which you &longs;pake, how that the opinion which <lb/>holds the Earth to be endued with the &longs;ame conditions that the <lb/>Cœle&longs;tial bodies enjoy, &longs;eems to be more true than the contra­<lb/>ry; for that I affirmed no &longs;uch thing, nor would I have any of the <lb/>Propo&longs;itions in controver&longs;ie, be made to &longs;peak to any definitive <lb/>&longs;en&longs;e: but I onely intended to produce on either part, tho&longs;e rea­<lb/>&longs;ons and an&longs;wers, arguments and &longs;olutions, which have been hi­<lb/>therto thought upon by others, together with certain others, <lb/>which I have &longs;tumbled upon in my long &longs;earching thereinto, al­<lb/>wayes remitting the deci&longs;ion thereof to the judgment of others.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>I was unawares tran&longs;ported by my own &longs;en&longs;e of the <lb/>thing; and believing that others ought to judg as I did, I made <lb/>that conclu&longs;ion univer&longs;al, which &longs;hould have been particular; and <lb/>therefore confe&longs;&longs;e I have erred, and the rather, in that I know <lb/>not what <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> his judgment is in this particular.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>I mu&longs;t confe&longs;&longs;e, that I have been ruminating all this <lb/>night of what pa&longs;t ye&longs;terday, and to &longs;ay the truth, I meet there­<lb/>in with many acute, new, aud plau&longs;ible notions; yet neverthele&longs;s, <lb/>I find my &longs;elf over-per&longs;waded by the authority of &longs;o many great <lb/><emph type="italics"/>Writers,<emph.end type="italics"/> and in particular -------<emph type="italics"/>&c.<emph.end type="italics"/> I &longs;ee you &longs;hake your <lb/>head <emph type="italics"/>Sagredus,<emph.end type="italics"/> and &longs;mile to your &longs;elf, as if I had uttered &longs;ome <lb/>great ab&longs;urdity.</s></p><pb pagenum="91"/><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>I not onely &longs;mile, but to tell you true, am ready to <lb/>bur&longs;t with holding in my &longs;elf from laughing outright, for you <lb/>have put me in mind of a very pretty pa&longs;&longs;age, that I was a wit­<lb/>ne&longs;&longs;e of, not many years &longs;ince, together with &longs;ome others of <lb/>my worthy friends, which I could yet name unto you.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>It would be well that you told us what it was, that &longs;o <lb/><emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> may not &longs;till think that he gave you the occa&longs;ion of <lb/>laughter.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>I am content. </s>
<s>I found one day, at home in his hou&longs;e, at <lb/><emph type="italics"/>Venice,<emph.end type="italics"/> a famous Phi&longs;ician, to whom &longs;ome flockt for their &longs;tudies, <lb/>and others out of curio&longs;ity, &longs;ometimes came thither to &longs;ee certain A­<lb/>natomies di&longs;&longs;ected by the hand of a no le&longs;&longs;e learned, than careful <lb/>and experienced Anatomi&longs;t. </s>
<s>It chanced upon that day, when I was <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg231"></arrow.to.target><lb/>there, that he was in &longs;earch of the original and ri&longs;e of the Nerves, <lb/>about which there is a famous controver&longs;ie between the <emph type="italics"/>Galeni&longs;ts<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>and <emph type="italics"/>Peripateticks<emph.end type="italics"/>; and the Anatomi&longs;t &longs;hewing, how that the great <lb/>number of Nerves departing from the Brain, as their root, and <lb/>pa&longs;&longs;ing by the nape of the Neck, di&longs;tend them&longs;elves afterwards <lb/>along by the Back-bone, and branch them&longs;elves thorow all the <lb/>Body; and that a very &longs;mall filament, as fine as a thred went to <lb/>the Heart; he turned to a Gentleman whom he knew to be a <emph type="italics"/>Pe­<lb/>ripatetick<emph.end type="italics"/> Philo&longs;opher, and for who&longs;e &longs;ake he had with extraor­<lb/>dinary exactne&longs;&longs;e, di&longs;covered and proved every thing, and demand­<lb/>ed of him, if he was at length &longs;atisfied and per&longs;waded that the origi­<lb/>nal of the Nerves proceeded from the Brain, and not from the <lb/>Heart? </s>
<s>To which the Philo&longs;opher, after he had &longs;tood mu&longs;ing a <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg232"></arrow.to.target><lb/>while, an&longs;wered; you have made me to &longs;ee this bu&longs;ine&longs;&longs;e &longs;o <lb/>plainly and &longs;en&longs;ibly, that did not the <emph type="italics"/>Text<emph.end type="italics"/> of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> a&longs;&longs;ert the <lb/>contrary, which po&longs;itively affirmeth the Nerves to proceed from <lb/>the Heart, I &longs;hould be con&longs;trained to confe&longs;&longs;e your opinion to be <lb/>true.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg231"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The original of <lb/>the Nerv s. </s>
<s>ac­<lb/>cording to<emph.end type="italics"/> Ari&longs;to­<lb/>tle, <emph type="italics"/>and according <lb/>to Phi&longs;icians.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg232"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The ridiculus <lb/>an&longs;wer of a Philo­<lb/>&longs;opher, determi­<lb/>ning the original of <lb/>the Nerves.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>I would have you know my Ma&longs;ters, that this contro­<lb/>ver&longs;ie about the original of the Nerves is not yet &longs;o proved and <lb/>decided, as &longs;ome may perhaps per&longs;wade them&longs;elves.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>Nor que&longs;tionle&longs;&longs;e ever &longs;hall it be, if it find &longs;uch like <lb/>contradictors; but that which you &longs;ay, doth not at all le&longs;&longs;en the <lb/>extravagance of the an&longs;wer of that <emph type="italics"/>Peripatetick,<emph.end type="italics"/> who again&longs;t <lb/>&longs;uch &longs;en&longs;ible experience produced not other experiments, or rea­<lb/>&longs;ons of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> but his bare authority and pure <emph type="italics"/>ip&longs;e dixit.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> had not gained &longs;o great authority, but for <lb/>the force of his Demon&longs;trations, and the profoundne&longs;&longs;e of his <lb/>arguments; but it is requi&longs;ite that we under&longs;tand him, and not <lb/>onely under&longs;tand him, but have &longs;o great familiarity with his <lb/>Books, that we form a perfect <emph type="italics"/>Idea<emph.end type="italics"/> thereof in our minds, &longs;o as <lb/>that every &longs;aying of his may be alwayes as it were, pre&longs;ent in our <pb pagenum="92"/>memory for he did not write to the vulgar, nor is he obliged to <lb/>&longs;pin out his Sillogi&longs;mes with the trivial method of di&longs;putes; nay <lb/>rather, u&longs;ing a freedome, he hath &longs;ometimes placed the proof <lb/>of one Propo&longs;ition among&longs;t Texts, which &longs;eem to treat of quite <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg233"></arrow.to.target><lb/>another point; and therefore it is requi&longs;ite to be ma&longs;ter of all <lb/>that va&longs;t <emph type="italics"/>Idea,<emph.end type="italics"/> and to learn how to connect this pa&longs;&longs;age with that, <lb/>and to combine this Text with another far remote from it; for it <lb/>is not to be que&longs;tioned but that he who hath thus &longs;tudied him, <lb/>knows how to gather from his Books the demon&longs;trations of every <lb/>knowable deduction, for that they contein all things.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg233"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Requi&longs;ites to fit <lb/>a man to philo&longs;o­<lb/>phate well after <lb/>the manner of<emph.end type="italics"/> A­<lb/>ri&longs;totle.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>But good <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> like as the things &longs;cattered here <lb/>and there in <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> give you no trouble in collecting them, <lb/>but that you per&longs;wade your &longs;elf to be able by comparing and <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg234"></arrow.to.target><lb/>connecting &longs;everal &longs;mall &longs;entences to extract thence the juice of <lb/>&longs;ome de&longs;ired conclu&longs;ion, &longs;o this, which you and other egregi­<lb/>ous Philo&longs;ophers do with the Text of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> I could do by the <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg235"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ver&longs;es of <emph type="italics"/>Virgil,<emph.end type="italics"/> or of <emph type="italics"/>Ovid,<emph.end type="italics"/> compo&longs;ing thereof ^{*} <emph type="italics"/>Centones,<emph.end type="italics"/> and <lb/>therewith explaining all the affairs of men, and &longs;ecrets of Na­<lb/>ture. </s>
<s>But what talk I of <emph type="italics"/>Virgil,<emph.end type="italics"/> or any other Poet? </s>
<s>I have a lit­<lb/>tle Book much &longs;horter than <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Ovid,<emph.end type="italics"/> in which are con­<lb/>teined all the Sciences, and with very little &longs;tudy, one may gather <lb/>out of it a mo&longs;t perfect <emph type="italics"/>Idea,<emph.end type="italics"/> and this is the <emph type="italics"/>Alphabet<emph.end type="italics"/>; and there <lb/>is no doubt but that he who knows how to couple and di&longs;po&longs;e <lb/>aright this and that vowel, with tho&longs;e, or tho&longs;e other con&longs;onants, <lb/>may gather thence the infallible an&longs;wers to all doubts, and de­<lb/>duce from them the principles of all Sciences and Arts, ju&longs;t in the <lb/>&longs;ame manner as the Painter from divers &longs;imple colours, laid &longs;eve­<lb/>rally upon his <emph type="italics"/>Pallate,<emph.end type="italics"/> proceedeth by mixing a little of this and <lb/>a little of that, with a little of a third, to repre&longs;ent to the life <lb/>men, plants, buildings, birds, fi&longs;hes, and in a word, counterfeit­<lb/>ing what ever object is vi&longs;ible, though there be not on the <emph type="italics"/>Pallate<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>all the while, either eyes, or feathers, or fins, or leaves, or &longs;tones. <lb/></s>
<s>Nay, farther, it is nece&longs;&longs;ary, that none of the things to be imita­<lb/>ted, or any part of them, be actually among colours, if you <lb/>would be able therewith to repre&longs;ent all things; for &longs;hould there <lb/>be among&longs;t them <emph type="italics"/>v. </s>
<s>gr.<emph.end type="italics"/> feathers, the&longs;e would &longs;erve to repre&longs;ent <lb/>nothing &longs;ave birds, and plumed creatures.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg234"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>A cunning way <lb/>to gather Philo&longs;o­<lb/>phy out of any book <lb/>what&longs;oever.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg235"></margin.target>* A word &longs;ignify­<lb/>ing works compo­<lb/>&longs;ed of many frag­<lb/>ments of ver&longs;es <lb/>collected out of the <lb/>Poets.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>And there are certain Gentlemen yet living, and in health, <lb/>who were pre&longs;ent, when a Doctor, that was Profe&longs;&longs;or in a fa­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg236"></arrow.to.target><lb/>mous Academy, hearing the de&longs;cription of the <emph type="italics"/>Tele&longs;cope,<emph.end type="italics"/> by him <lb/>not &longs;een as then, &longs;aid, that the invention was taken from <emph type="italics"/>Ari­<lb/>&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> and cau&longs;ing his works to be fetch't, he turned to a place <lb/>where the Philo&longs;opher gives the rea&longs;on, whence it commeth, that <lb/>from the bottom of a very deep Well, one may &longs;ee the &longs;tars in <lb/>Heaven, at noon day; and, addre&longs;&longs;ing him&longs;elf to the company, <pb pagenum="93"/>&longs;ee here, &longs;aith he, the Well, which repre&longs;enteth the Tube, &longs;ee <lb/>here the gro&longs;s vapours, from whence is taken the invention of <lb/>the Cry&longs;tals, and &longs;ee here la&longs;tly the &longs;ight fortified by the pa&longs;&longs;age <lb/>of the rays through a diaphanous, but more den&longs;e and ob&longs;cure <lb/><emph type="italics"/>medium.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg236"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Invention of the<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>Tele&longs;cope <emph type="italics"/>taken <lb/>from<emph.end type="italics"/> Ari&longs;totle.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>This is a way to comprehend all things knowable, much <lb/>like to that wherewith a piece of marble conteineth in it one, yea, <lb/>a thou&longs;and very beautiful Statua's, but the difficulty lieth in be­<lb/>ing able to di&longs;cover them; or we may &longs;ay, that it is like to the <lb/>prophe&longs;ies of Abbot <emph type="italics"/>Joachim,<emph.end type="italics"/> or the an&longs;wers of the Heathen <lb/><emph type="italics"/>Oracles,<emph.end type="italics"/> which are not to be under&longs;tood, till after the things <lb/>fore-told are come to pa&longs;&longs;e.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>And why do you not adde the predictions of the <emph type="italics"/>Ge­<lb/>nethliacks,<emph.end type="italics"/> which are with like cleerne&longs;&longs;e &longs;een after the event, in <lb/>their Horo&longs;copes, or, if you will, Configurations of the Heavens.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>In this manner the Chymi&longs;ts find, being led by their <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg237"></arrow.to.target><lb/>melancholly humour, that all the &longs;ublime&longs;t wits of the World <lb/>have writ of nothing el&longs;e in reality, than of the way to make <lb/>Gold; but, that they might tran&longs;mit the &longs;ecret to po&longs;terity with­<lb/>out di&longs;covering it to the vulgar, they contrived &longs;ome one way, and <lb/>&longs;ome another how to conceal the &longs;ame under &longs;everal maskes; and <lb/>it would make one merry to hear their comments upon the ancient <lb/><emph type="italics"/>Poets,<emph.end type="italics"/> finding out the important mi&longs;teries, which lie hid under <lb/>their Fables; and the &longs;ignification of the Loves of the <emph type="italics"/>Moon,<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>and her de&longs;cending to the Earth for <emph type="italics"/>Endimion<emph.end type="italics"/>; her di&longs;plea&longs;ure <lb/>again&longs;t <emph type="italics"/>Acteon,<emph.end type="italics"/> and what was meant by <emph type="italics"/>Jupiters<emph.end type="italics"/> turning him&longs;elf <lb/>into a &longs;howre of <emph type="italics"/>Gold<emph.end type="italics"/>; and into flames of fire; and what great <lb/>&longs;ecrets of Art are conteined in that <emph type="italics"/>Mercury<emph.end type="italics"/> the <emph type="italics"/>Interpreter<emph.end type="italics"/>; in <lb/>tho&longs;e thefts of <emph type="italics"/>Pluto<emph.end type="italics"/>; and in tho&longs;e <emph type="italics"/>Branches<emph.end type="italics"/> of <emph type="italics"/>Gold.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg237"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Chymi&longs;ts inter­<lb/>pret the Eables of <lb/>the Poets to be &longs;e­<lb/>crets for making of <lb/>Gold.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>I believe, and in part know, that there want not in the <lb/>World very extravagant heads, the vanities of whom ought not to <lb/>redound to the prejudice of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> of whom my thinks you <lb/>&longs;peak &longs;ometimes with too little re&longs;pect, and the onely antiquity <lb/>and bare name that he hath acquired in the opinions of &longs;o many <lb/>famous men, &longs;hould &longs;uffice to render him honourable with all <lb/>that profe&longs;&longs;e them&longs;elves learned.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>You &longs;tate not the matter rightly, <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/>; There <lb/>are &longs;ome of his followers that fear before they are in danger, <lb/>who give us occa&longs;ion, or, to &longs;ay better, would give us cau&longs;e to <lb/>e&longs;teem him le&longs;&longs;e, &longs;hould we con&longs;ent to applaud their <emph type="italics"/>Capricio's.<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg238"></arrow.to.target><lb/>And you, pray you tell me, are you for your part &longs;o &longs;imple, as <lb/>not to know that had <emph type="italics"/>Arictotle<emph.end type="italics"/> been pre&longs;ent, to have heard the <lb/>Doctor that would have made him Author of the <emph type="italics"/>Tele&longs;cope,<emph.end type="italics"/> he <lb/>would have been much more di&longs;plea&longs;ed with him, than with tho&longs;e, <lb/>who laught at the Doctor and his Comments? </s>
<s>Do you que&longs;tion <pb pagenum="94"/>whether <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> had he but &longs;een the novelties di&longs;covered in Hea­<lb/>ven, would not have changed his opinion, amended his Books, <lb/>and embraced the more &longs;en&longs;ible Doctrine; rejecting tho&longs;e &longs;illy <lb/>Gulls, which too &longs;crupulou&longs;ly, go about to defend what ever he <lb/>hath &longs;aid; not con&longs;idering, that if <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> were &longs;uch a one as <lb/>they fancy him to them&longs;elves, he would be a man of an untracta­<lb/>ble wit, an ob&longs;tinate mind, a barbarous &longs;oul, a &longs;tubborn will, <lb/>that accounting all men el&longs;e but as &longs;illy &longs;heep, would have his <lb/>Oracles preferred before the Sen&longs;es, Experience, and Nature her <lb/>&longs;elf? </s>
<s>They are the Sectators of <emph type="italics"/>Aristotle<emph.end type="italics"/> that have given him this <lb/>Authority, and not he that hath u&longs;urped or taken it upon him; <lb/>and becau&longs;e it is more ea&longs;ie for a man to &longs;culk under anothers <lb/>&longs;hield than to &longs;hew him&longs;elf openly, they tremble, and are affraid <lb/>to &longs;tir one &longs;tep from him; and rather than they will admit &longs;ome <lb/>alterations in the Heaven of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> they will impertinently de­<lb/>ny tho&longs;e they behold in the Heaven of <emph type="italics"/>Nature.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg238"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Some of<emph.end type="italics"/> Ari&longs;to­<lb/>tles <emph type="italics"/>Sectators im­<lb/>pare the reputation <lb/>of their Ma&longs;ter, in <lb/>going about to en­<lb/>han&longs;e it.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>The&longs;e kind of Drolleries put me in mind of that Statu­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg239"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ary which having reduced a great piece of Marble to the Image of <lb/>an <emph type="italics"/>Hercules,<emph.end type="italics"/> or a thundring <emph type="italics"/>Jupiter,<emph.end type="italics"/> I know not whether, and <lb/>given it with admirable Art &longs;uch a vivacity and threatning fury, <lb/>that it moved terror in as many as beheld it; he him&longs;elf began <lb/>al&longs;o to be affraid thereof, though all its &longs;prightfulne&longs;&longs;e, and life <lb/>was his own workman&longs;hip; and his affrightment was &longs;uch, that <lb/>he had no longer the courage to affront it with his Chizzels and <lb/>Mallet.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg239"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>A ridiculous <lb/>pa&longs;&longs;age of a certain <lb/>Statuary.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>I have many times wondered how the&longs;e nice maintain­<lb/>ers of what ever fell from <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> are not aware how great a pre­<lb/>judice they are to his reputation and credit; and how that the <lb/>more they go about to encrea&longs;e his Authority, the more they <lb/>dimini&longs;h it; for while&longs;t I &longs;ee them ob&longs;tinate in their attempts <lb/>to maintain tho&longs;e Propo&longs;itions which I palpably di&longs;cover to <lb/>be manife&longs;tly fal&longs;e; and in their de&longs;ires to per&longs;wade me that <lb/>&longs;o to do, is the part of a Philo&longs;opher; and that <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> him&longs;elf <lb/>would do the &longs;ame, it much abates in me of the opinion that he <lb/>hath rightly philo&longs;ophated about other conclu&longs;ions, to me more <lb/>ab&longs;tru&longs;e: for if I could &longs;ee them concede and change opinion in <lb/>a manife&longs;t truth, I would believe, that in tho&longs;e in which they <lb/>&longs;hould per&longs;i&longs;t, they may have &longs;ome &longs;olid demon&longs;trations to me un­<lb/>known, and unheard of.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>Or when they &longs;hould be made to &longs;ee that they have ha­<lb/>zarded too much of their own and <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/>'s repuatation in con­<lb/>fe&longs;&longs;ing, that they had not under&longs;tood this or that conclu&longs;ion found <lb/>out by &longs;ome other man; would it not be a le&longs;s evil for them to <lb/>&longs;eek for it among&longs;t his Texts, by laying many of them together, <lb/>according to the art intimated to us by <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/>? </s>
<s>for if his <pb pagenum="95"/>works contain all things knowable, it mu&longs;t follow al&longs;o that they <lb/>may be therein di&longs;covered.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>Good <emph type="italics"/>Sagredus,<emph.end type="italics"/> make no je&longs;t of this advice, which me <lb/>thinks you rehear&longs;e in too Ironical a way; for it is not long &longs;ince <lb/>that a very eminent Philo&longs;opher having compo&longs;ed a Book <emph type="italics"/>de animà,<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>wherein, citing the opinion of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> about its being or not be­<lb/>ing immortal, he alledged many Texts, (not any of tho&longs;e hereto­<lb/>fore quoted by <emph type="italics"/>Alexander ab Alexandro<emph.end type="italics"/>: for in tho&longs;e he &longs;aid, that <lb/><emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> had not &longs;o much as treated of that matter, much le&longs;s de­<lb/>termined any thing pertaining to the &longs;ame, but others) by him&longs;elf <lb/>found out in other more ab&longs;tru&longs;e places, which tended to an er­<lb/>roneous &longs;en&longs;e: and being advi&longs;ed, that he would find it an hard <lb/>matter to get a Licence from the Inqui&longs;itors, he writ back unto <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg240"></arrow.to.target><lb/>his friend, that he would notwith&longs;tanding, with all expedition <lb/>procure the &longs;ame, for that if no other ob&longs;tacle &longs;hould interpo&longs;e, <lb/>he would not much &longs;cruple to change the Doctrine of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>and with other expo&longs;itions, and other Texts to maintain the con­<lb/>trary opinion, which yet &longs;hould be al&longs;o agreeable to the &longs;en&longs;e of <lb/><emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg240"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>A brave re&longs;olu­<lb/>tion of a certain<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>Peripatetick <emph type="italics"/>Phi­<lb/>lo&longs;opher.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>Oh mo&longs;t profound Doctor, this! that can command <lb/>me that I &longs;tir not a &longs;tep from <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> but will him&longs;elf lead <lb/>him by the no&longs;e, and make him &longs;peak as he plea&longs;eth. </s>
<s>See how <lb/>much it importeth to learn to take <emph type="italics"/>Time<emph.end type="italics"/> by the <emph type="italics"/>Fore-top.<emph.end type="italics"/> Nor <lb/>is it &longs;ea&longs;onable to have to do with <emph type="italics"/>Hercules,<emph.end type="italics"/> whil'&longs;t he is en­<lb/>raged, and among&longs;t the Furies, but when he is telling merry tales <lb/>among&longs;t the <emph type="italics"/>Meonion Damo&longs;els.<emph.end type="italics"/> Ah, unheard of &longs;ordidne&longs;&longs;e of <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg241"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;ervile &longs;ouls! to make them&longs;elves willing &longs;laves to other mens opi­<lb/>nions; to receive them for inviolable Decrees, to engage them­<lb/>&longs;elves to &longs;eem &longs;atisfied and convinced by arguments, of &longs;uch effi­<lb/>cacy, and &longs;o manife&longs;tly concludent, that they them&longs;elves can­<lb/>not certainly re&longs;olve whether they were really writ to that pur­<lb/>po&longs;e, or &longs;erve to prove that a&longs;&longs;umption in hand, or the contrary. <lb/></s>
<s>But, which is a greater madne&longs;&longs;e, they are at variance among&longs;t <lb/>them&longs;elves, whether the Author him&longs;elf hath held the affirmative <lb/>part, or the negative. </s>
<s>What is this, but to make an Oracle of a <lb/>Log, and to run to that for an&longs;wers, to fear that, to reverence <lb/>and adore that?</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg241"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The &longs;ervile &longs;pi­<lb/>rit of &longs;ome of<emph.end type="italics"/> Ari­<lb/>&longs;totles <emph type="italics"/>followers.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>But in ca&longs;e we &longs;hould recede from <emph type="italics"/>Aristotle,<emph.end type="italics"/> who have <lb/>we to be our Guid in Philo&longs;ophy? </s>
<s>Name you &longs;ome Author.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>We need a Guid in unknown and uncouth wayes, but <lb/>in champion places, and open plains, the blind only &longs;tand in need <lb/>of a Leader; and for &longs;uch, it is better that they &longs;tay at home. <lb/></s>
<s>But he that hath eyes in his head, and in his mind, him &longs;hould <lb/>a man choo&longs;e for his Guid. </s>
<s>Yet mi&longs;take me not, thinking that I <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg242"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;peak this, for that I am again&longs;t hearing of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/>; for on the <pb pagenum="96"/>contrary, I commend the reading, and diligently &longs;tudying of him; <lb/>and onely blame the &longs;ervile giving ones &longs;elf up a &longs;lave unto him, <lb/>&longs;o, as blindly to &longs;ub&longs;cribe to what ever he delivers, and without <lb/>&longs;earch of any farther rea&longs;on thereof, to receive the &longs;ame for an in­<lb/>violable decree. </s>
<s>Which is an abu&longs;e, that carrieth with it ano­<lb/>ther great inconvenience, to wit, that others will no longer take <lb/>pains to under&longs;tand the validity of his Demon&longs;trations. </s>
<s>And <lb/>what is more &longs;hameful, than in the midde&longs;t of publique di&longs;putes, <lb/>while&longs;t one per&longs;on is treating of demon&longs;trable conclu&longs;ions, to <lb/>hear aother interpo&longs;e with a pa&longs;&longs;age of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> and not &longs;el­<lb/>dome writ to quite another purpo&longs;e, and with that to &longs;top the <lb/>mouth of his opponent? </s>
<s>But if you will continue to &longs;tudy in this <lb/>manner, I would have you lay a&longs;ide the name of Philo&longs;ophers; <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg243"></arrow.to.target><lb/>and call your &longs;elves either Hi&longs;torians or Doctors of Memory, for <lb/>it is not &longs;it, that tho&longs;e who never philo&longs;ophate, &longs;hould u&longs;urp <lb/>the honourable title of Philo&longs;ophers. </s>
<s>But it is be&longs;t for us to re­<lb/>turn to &longs;hore, and not lanch farther into a boundle&longs;&longs;e Gulph, out <lb/>of which we &longs;hall not be able to get before night. </s>
<s>Therefore <lb/><emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> come either with arguments and demon&longs;trations of <lb/>your own, or of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> and bring us no more Texts and na­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg244"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ked authorities, for our di&longs;putes are about the Sen&longs;ible World, <lb/>and not one of Paper. </s>
<s>And fora&longs;much as in our di&longs;cour&longs;es ye&longs;ter­<lb/>day, we retrein'd the Earth from darkne&longs;&longs;e, and expo&longs;ed it to the <lb/>open skie, &longs;hewing, that the attempt to enumerate it among&longs;t <lb/>tho&longs;e which we call Cœle&longs;tial bodies, was not a po&longs;ition &longs;o foil'd, <lb/>and vanqui&longs;h't, as that it had no life left in it; it followeth next, <lb/>that we proceed to examine what probability there is for holding <lb/>of it fixt, and wholly immoveable, <emph type="italics"/>&longs;cilicet<emph.end type="italics"/> as to its entire Globe, <lb/>what likelyhood there is for making it moveable with &longs;ome motion, <lb/>and of what kind that may be. </s>
<s>And fora&longs;much as in this &longs;ame <lb/>que&longs;tion I am ambiguous, and <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> is re&longs;olute, as likewi&longs;e <lb/><emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> for the opinion of its immobility, he &longs;hall one by one <lb/>produce the arguments in favour of their opinion, and I will al­<lb/>ledge the an&longs;wers and rea&longs;ons on the contrary part; and next <emph type="italics"/>Sa­<lb/>gredus<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;hall tell us his thoughts, and to which &longs;ide he finds him­<lb/>&longs;elf inclined.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg242"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Too clo&longs;e adhe­<lb/>ring to<emph.end type="italics"/> Ari&longs;totle <emph type="italics"/>is <lb/>blameable.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg243"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>It is not ju&longs;t, that <lb/>tho&longs;e who never <lb/>philo&longs;ophate, &longs;hould <lb/>u&longs;urp the title of <lb/>Philo&longs;ophers.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg244"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The Sen&longs;ible <lb/>World.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. Content; provided alwayes that I may re&longs;erve the li­<lb/>berty to my &longs;elf of alledging what pure natural rea&longs;on &longs;hall &longs;ome­<lb/>times dictate to me.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>Nay more, it is that which I particularly beg of you; <lb/>for, among&longs;t the more ea&longs;ie, and, to &longs;o &longs;peak, material con&longs;idera­<lb/>tions, I believe there are but few of them that have been omit­<lb/>ted by Writers, &longs;o that onely &longs;ome of the more &longs;ubtle, and re­<lb/>mote can be de&longs;ired, or wanting; and to inve&longs;tigate the&longs;e, what <lb/>other ingenuity can be more &longs;it than that of the mo&longs;t acute and <lb/>piercing wit of <emph type="italics"/>Sagredus<emph.end type="italics"/>?</s></p><pb pagenum="97"/><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>I am what ever plea&longs;eth <emph type="italics"/>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"/> but I pray you, <lb/>let us not &longs;ally out into another kind of digre&longs;&longs;ion complemental; <lb/>for at this time I am a Philo&longs;opher, and in the Schools, not in the <lb/>Court.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>Let our contemplation begin therefore with this con&longs;i­<lb/>deration, that what&longs;oever motion may be a&longs;cribed to the Earth, <lb/>it is nece&longs;&longs;ary that it be to us, (as inhabitants upon it, and con&longs;e­<lb/>quently partakers of the &longs;ame) altogether imperceptible, and as if <lb/>it were not at all, &longs;o long as we have regard onely to terre&longs;trial <lb/>things; but yet it is on the contrary, as nece&longs;&longs;ary that the &longs;ame <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg245"></arrow.to.target><lb/>motion do &longs;eem common to all other bodies, and vi&longs;ible ob­<lb/>jects, that being &longs;eparated from the Earth, participate not of the <lb/>&longs;ame. </s>
<s>So that the true method to find whether any kind of motion <lb/>may be a&longs;cribed to the Earth, and that found, to know what it <lb/>is, is to con&longs;ider and ob&longs;erve if in bodies &longs;eparated from the <lb/>Earth, one may di&longs;cover any appearance of motion, which e­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg246"></arrow.to.target><lb/>qually &longs;uiteth to all the re&longs;t; for a motion that is onely &longs;een, <emph type="italics"/>v. </s>
<s>gr.<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>in the <emph type="italics"/>Moon,<emph.end type="italics"/> and that hath nothing to do with <emph type="italics"/>Venus<emph.end type="italics"/> or <emph type="italics"/>Jupiter,<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>or any other Stars, cannot any way belong to the Earth, or to <lb/>any other &longs;ave the Moon alone. </s>
<s>Now there is a mo&longs;t general and <lb/>grand motion above all others, and it is that by which the Sun, <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg247"></arrow.to.target><lb/>the Moon, the other Planets, and the Fixed Stars, and in a word, <lb/>the whole Univer&longs;e, the Earth onely excepted, appeareth in our <lb/>thinking to move from the Ea&longs;t towards the We&longs;t, in the &longs;pace of <lb/>twenty four hours; and this, as to this fir&longs;t appearance, hath no <lb/>ob&longs;tacle to hinder it, that it may not belong to the Earth alone, <lb/>as well as to all the World be&longs;ides, the Earth excepted; for the <lb/>&longs;ame a&longs;pects will appear in the one po&longs;ition, as in the other. <lb/></s>
<s>Hence it is that <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Ptolomy,<emph.end type="italics"/> as having hit upon this con­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg248"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;ideration, in going about to prove the Earth to be immoveable, <lb/>argue not again&longs;t any other than this <emph type="italics"/>Diurnal<emph.end type="italics"/> Motion; &longs;ave onely <lb/>that <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> hinteth &longs;omething in ob&longs;cure terms again&longs;t another <lb/>Motion a&longs;cribed to it by an <emph type="italics"/>Ancient,<emph.end type="italics"/> of which we &longs;hall &longs;peak in <lb/>its place.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg245"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The motions of <lb/>the Earth are im­<lb/>perceptible to its <lb/>inhabitants.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg246"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The Earth can <lb/>have no other mo­<lb/>tions, than tho&longs;e <lb/>which to us appear <lb/>commune to all the <lb/>rest of the Vni­<lb/>ver&longs;e, the Earth <lb/>excepted.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg247"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The Diurnal Mo­<lb/>tion, &longs;eemeth com­<lb/>mune to all the V­<lb/>niver&longs;e, &longs;ave onely <lb/>the Earth excepted.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg248"></margin.target>Ari&longs;totle <emph type="italics"/>and<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>Ptolomy <emph type="italics"/>argue a­<lb/>gain&longs;t the Diur­<lb/>nal Motion attri­<lb/>buted to the Earth.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>I very well perceive the nece&longs;&longs;ity of your illation: but <lb/>I meet with a doubt which I know not how to free my &longs;elf from, <lb/>and this it is, That <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"/> a&longs;&longs;igning to the Earth another mo­<lb/>tion be&longs;ide the Diurnal, which, according to the rule even now laid <lb/>down, ought to be to us, as to appearance, imperceptible in the <lb/>Earth, but vi&longs;ible in all the re&longs;t of the World; me thinks I may <lb/>nece&longs;&longs;arily infer, either that he hath manife&longs;tly erred in a&longs;&longs;igning <lb/>the Earth a motion, to which there appears not a general corre­<lb/>&longs;pondence in Heaven; or el&longs;e that if there be &longs;uch a congruity <lb/>therein, <emph type="italics"/>Ptolomy<emph.end type="italics"/> on the other hand hath been deficient in not con­<lb/>futing this, as he hath done the other.</s></p><pb pagenum="98"/><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>You have good cau&longs;e for your doubt: and when we <lb/>come to treat of the other Motion, you &longs;hall &longs;ee how far <emph type="italics"/>Coper­<lb/>nicus<emph.end type="italics"/> excelled <emph type="italics"/>Ptolomey<emph.end type="italics"/> in clearne&longs;s and &longs;ublimity of wit, in that <lb/>he &longs;aw what the other did not, I mean the admirable harmony <lb/>wherein that Motion agreed with all the other Cœle&longs;tial Bodies. <lb/></s>
<s>But for the pre&longs;ent we will &longs;u&longs;pend this particular, and return to <lb/>our fir&longs;t con&longs;ideration; touching which I will proceed to propo&longs;e <lb/>(begining with things more general) tho&longs;e rea&longs;ons which &longs;eem to <lb/>favour the mobility of the Earth, and then wait the an&longs;wers which <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg249"></arrow.to.target><lb/><emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;hall make thereto. </s>
<s>And fir&longs;t, if we con&longs;ider onely <lb/>the immen&longs;e magnitude of the Starry Sphere, compared to the <lb/>&longs;malne&longs;s of the Terre&longs;trial Globe, contained therein &longs;o many mil­<lb/>lions of times; and moreover weigh the velocity of the motion <lb/>which mu&longs;t in a day and night make an entire revolution thereof, <lb/>I cannot per&longs;wade my &longs;elf, that there is any man who believes it <lb/>more rea&longs;onable and credible, that the Cœle&longs;tial Sphere turneth <lb/>round, and the Terre&longs;trial Globe &longs;tands &longs;till.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg249"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Why the diurnal <lb/>motion more pro­<lb/>bably &longs;hould belong <lb/>to the Earth, than <lb/>to the re&longs;t of the <lb/>Vniver&longs;e.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>If from the univer&longs;ality of effects, which may in nature <lb/>have dependence upon &longs;uch like motions, there &longs;hould indifferent­<lb/>ly follow all the &longs;ame con&longs;equences to an hair, a&longs;well in one <emph type="italics"/>Hypo­<lb/>the&longs;is<emph.end type="italics"/> as in the other; yet I for my part, as to my fir&longs;t and general <lb/>apprehen&longs;ion, would e&longs;teem, that he which &longs;hould hold it more ra­<lb/>tional to make the whole Univer&longs;e move, and thereby to &longs;alve the <lb/>Earths mobility, is more unrea&longs;onable than he that being got to <lb/>the top of your Turret, &longs;hould de&longs;ire, to the end onely that he <lb/>might behold the City, and the Fields about it, that the whole <lb/>Country might turn round, that &longs;o he might not be put to the <lb/>trouble to &longs;tir his head. </s>
<s>And yet doubtle&longs;s the advantages would <lb/>be many and great which the <emph type="italics"/>Copernican Hypothe&longs;is<emph.end type="italics"/> is attended <lb/>with, above tho&longs;e of the <emph type="italics"/>Ptolomaique,<emph.end type="italics"/> which in my opinion re­<lb/>&longs;embleth, nay &longs;urpa&longs;&longs;eth that other folly; &longs;o that all this makes <lb/>me think that far more probable than this. </s>
<s>But haply <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle, <lb/>Ptolomey,<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> may find the advantages of their Sy­<lb/>&longs;teme, which they would do well to communicate to us al&longs;o, if <lb/>any &longs;uch there be; or el&longs;e declare to me, that there neither are or <lb/>can be any &longs;uch things.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>For my part, as I have not been able, as much as I have <lb/>thought upon it, to find any diver&longs;ity therein; &longs;o I think I have <lb/>found, that no &longs;uch diver&longs;ity can be in them: in &longs;o much that I <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg250"></arrow.to.target><lb/>e&longs;teem it to no purpo&longs;e to &longs;eek farther after it. </s>
<s>Therefore ob­<lb/>&longs;erve: Motion is &longs;o far Motion, and as Motion operateth, by how <lb/>far it hath relation to things which want Motion: but in tho&longs;e <lb/>things which all equally partake thereof it hath nothing to do, and <lb/>is as if it never were. </s>
<s>And thus the Merchandi&longs;es with which a <lb/>&longs;hip is laden, &longs;o far move, by how far leaving <emph type="italics"/>London,<emph.end type="italics"/> they pa&longs;s <pb pagenum="99"/>by <emph type="italics"/>France, Spain, Italy,<emph.end type="italics"/> and &longs;ail to <emph type="italics"/>Aleppo,<emph.end type="italics"/> which <emph type="italics"/>London, France, <lb/>Spain &c.<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;tand &longs;till, not moving with the &longs;hip: but as to the <lb/>Che&longs;ts, Bales and other Parcels, wherewith the &longs;hip is &longs;tow'd and <lb/>and laden, and in re&longs;pect of the &longs;hip it &longs;elf, the Motion from <emph type="italics"/>Lon­<lb/>don<emph.end type="italics"/> to <emph type="italics"/>Syria<emph.end type="italics"/> is as much as nothing; and nothing-altereth the re­<lb/>lation which is between them: and this, becau&longs;e it is common to <lb/>all, and is participated by all alike: and of the Cargo which is in <lb/>the &longs;hip, if a Bale were romag'd from a Che&longs;t but one inch onely, <lb/>this alone would be in that Cargo, a greater Motion in re&longs;pect of <lb/>the Che&longs;t, than the whole Voyage of above three thou&longs;and miles, <lb/>made by them as they were &longs;tived together.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg250"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Motion, as to the <lb/>things that equally <lb/>move thereby, is as <lb/>of it never were, & <lb/>&longs;o far operates as it <lb/>hath relation to <lb/>things deprived of <lb/>motion.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>This Doctrine is good, &longs;ound, and altogether <emph type="italics"/>Peri­<lb/>patetick.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>I hold it to be much more antient: and &longs;u&longs;pect that <emph type="italics"/>A-<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg251"></arrow.to.target><lb/><emph type="italics"/>ri&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> in receiving it from &longs;ome good School, did not fully under­<lb/>&longs;tand it, and that therefore, having delivered it with &longs;ome altera­<lb/>tion, it hath been an occa&longs;ion of confu&longs;ion among&longs;t tho&longs;e, who <lb/>would defend whatever he &longs;aith. </s>
<s>And when he writ, that what­<lb/>&longs;oever moveth, doth move upon &longs;omething immoveable, I &longs;uppo&longs;e <lb/>that he equivocated, and meant, that whatever moveth, moveth <lb/>in re&longs;pect to &longs;omething immoveable; which propo&longs;ition admitteth <lb/>no doubt, and the other many.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg251"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>A propo&longs;ition ta­<lb/>ken by<emph.end type="italics"/> Ari&longs;totle <lb/><emph type="italics"/>from the Antients, <lb/>but &longs;omewhat al­<lb/>tered by him.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>Pray you make no digre&longs;&longs;ion, but proceed in the di&longs;­<lb/>&longs;ertation you began.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>It being therefore manife&longs;t, that the motion which is <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg252"></arrow.to.target><lb/>common to many moveables, is idle, and as it were, null as to the <lb/>relation of tho&longs;e moveables between them&longs;elves, becau&longs;e that a­<lb/>mong them&longs;elves they have made no change: and that it is ope­<lb/>rative onely in the relation that tho&longs;e moveables have to other <lb/>things, which want that motion, among which the habitude is <lb/>changed: and we having divided the Univer&longs;e into two parts, one <lb/>of which is nece&longs;&longs;arily moveable, and the other immoveable; for <lb/>the obtaining of what&longs;oever may depend upon, or be required <lb/>from &longs;uch a motion, it may as well be done by making the Earth <lb/>alone, as by making all the re&longs;t of the World to move: for that <lb/>the operation of &longs;uch a motion con&longs;i&longs;ts in nothing el&longs;e, &longs;ave in <lb/>the relation or habitude which is between the Cœle&longs;tial Bodies, <lb/>and the Earth, the which relation is all that is changed. </s>
<s>Now if <lb/>for the obtaining of the &longs;ame effect <emph type="italics"/>ad unguem,<emph.end type="italics"/> it be all one whe­<lb/>ther the Earth alone moveth, the re&longs;t of the Univer&longs;e &longs;tanding <lb/>&longs;till; or that, the Earth onely &longs;tanding &longs;till, the whole Univer&longs;e <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg253"></arrow.to.target><lb/>moveth with one and the &longs;ame motion; who would believe, that <lb/>Nature (which by common con&longs;ent, doth not that by many things, <lb/>which may be done by few) hath cho&longs;en to make an innumerable <lb/>number of mo&longs;t va&longs;t bodies move, and that with an unconceivable <pb pagenum="100"/>velocity, to perform that, which might be done by the moderate <lb/>motion of one alone about its own Centre?</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg252"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The fir&longs;t di&longs;cour&longs;e <lb/>to prove that the <lb/>diurnal motion be­<lb/>longs to the Earth.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg253"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Nature never <lb/>doth that by many <lb/>things, which may <lb/>be done by a few.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>I do not well under&longs;tand, how this grand motion &longs;ig­<lb/>ni&longs;ieth nothing as to the Sun, as to the Moon, as to the other Pla­<lb/>nets, and as to the innumerable multitude of fixed &longs;tars: or why <lb/>you &longs;hould &longs;ay that it is to no purpo&longs;e for the Sun to pa&longs;s from one <lb/>Meridian to another; to ri&longs;e above this Horizon, to &longs;et beneath <lb/>that other; to make it one while day, another while night: the <lb/>like variations are made by the Moon, the other Planets, and the <lb/>fixed &longs;tars them&longs;elves.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>All the&longs;e alterations in&longs;tanced by you, are nothing, &longs;ave <lb/>onely in relation to the Earth: and that this is true, do but i­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg254"></arrow.to.target><lb/>magine the Earth to move, and there will be no &longs;uch thing in the <lb/>World as the ri&longs;ing or &longs;etting of the Sun or Moon, nor Horizons, <lb/>nor Meridians, nor days, nor nights; nor, in a word, will &longs;uch a <lb/>motion cau&longs;e any mutation between the Moon and Sun, or any <lb/>other &longs;tar what&longs;oever, whether fixed or erratick; but all the&longs;e <lb/>changes have relation to the Earth: which all do yet in &longs;um <lb/>import no other than as if the Sun &longs;hould &longs;hew it &longs;elf now to <lb/><emph type="italics"/>China,<emph.end type="italics"/> anon to <emph type="italics"/>Per&longs;ia,<emph.end type="italics"/> then to <emph type="italics"/>Egypt, Greece, France, Spain, A­<lb/>merica, &c.<emph.end type="italics"/> and the like holdeth in the Moon, and the re&longs;t of the <lb/>Cœle&longs;tial Bodies: which &longs;elf &longs;ame effect falls out exactly in the <lb/>&longs;ame manner, if, without troubling &longs;o great a part of the Univer&longs;e, <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg255"></arrow.to.target><lb/>the Terre&longs;trial Globe be made to revolve in it &longs;elf. </s>
<s>But we will <lb/>augment the difficulty by the addition of this other, which is a <lb/>very great one, namely, that if you will a&longs;cribe this <emph type="italics"/>Great<emph.end type="italics"/> Motion to <lb/>Heaven, you mu&longs;t of nece&longs;&longs;ity make it contrary to the particular <lb/>motion of all the Orbs of the Planets, each of which without <lb/>controver&longs;ie hath its peculiar motion from the We&longs;t towards the <lb/>Ea&longs;t, and this but very ea&longs;ie and moderate: and then you make <lb/>them to be hurried to the contrary part, <emph type="italics"/>i. </s>
<s>e.<emph.end type="italics"/> from Ea&longs;t to We&longs;t, <lb/>by this mo&longs;t furious diurnal motion: whereas, on the contrary, <lb/>making the Earth to move in it &longs;elf, the contrariety of motions is <lb/>taken away, and the onely motion from We&longs;t to Ea&longs;t is accom­<lb/>modated to all appearances, and exactly &longs;atisfieth every <emph type="italics"/>Phœno­<lb/>menon.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg254"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The diurnal mo­<lb/>tion cau&longs;eth no <lb/>mutation among&longs;t <lb/>the Cœle&longs;tial Bo­<lb/>dies, but all chan­<lb/>ges have relation <lb/>to the Earth.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg255"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>A &longs;ccond con­<lb/>firmation that the <lb/>diurnal motion be­<lb/>longs to the Earth.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>As to the contrariety of Motions it would import lit­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg256"></arrow.to.target><lb/>tle, for <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> demon&longs;trateth, that circular motions, are not con­<lb/>trary to one another; and that theirs cannot be truly called con­<lb/>trariety.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg256"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Circular moti­<lb/>ons are not contra­<lb/>ry, according to<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>Ari&longs;totle.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>Doth <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> demon&longs;trate this, or doth he not rather <lb/>barely affirm it, as &longs;erving to &longs;ome certain de&longs;ign of his? </s>
<s>If con­<lb/>traries be tho&longs;e things, that de&longs;troy one another, as he him&longs;elf <lb/>affirmeth, I do not &longs;ee how two moveables that encounter each <lb/>other in a circular line, &longs;hould le&longs;&longs;e prejudice one another, than if <lb/>they interfered in a right line.</s></p><pb pagenum="101"/><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>Hold a little, I pray you. </s>
<s>Tell me <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> when <lb/>two Knights encounter each other, tilting in open field, or when <lb/>two whole Squadrons, or two Fleets at Sea, make up to grapple, <lb/>and are broken and &longs;unk, do you call the&longs;e encounters contrary to <lb/>one another?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. Yes, we &longs;ay they are contrary.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>How then, is there no contrariety in circular motions. <lb/></s>
<s>The&longs;e motions, being made upon the &longs;uper&longs;icies of the Earth or <lb/>Water, which are, as you know, &longs;pherical, come to be circular. <lb/></s>
<s>Can you tell, <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> which tho&longs;e circular motions be, that <lb/>are not contrary to each other? </s>
<s>They are (if I mi&longs;take not) tho&longs;e <lb/>of two circles, which touching one another without, one thereof <lb/>being turn'd round, naturally maketh the other move the contra­<lb/>ry ^{*} way; but if one of them &longs;hall be within the other, it is im­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg257"></arrow.to.target><lb/>po&longs;&longs;ible that their motion being made towards different points, <lb/>they &longs;hould not ju&longs;tle one another.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg257"></margin.target>As you &longs;ee in a <lb/>Mill, wherein the <lb/>implicated cogs &longs;et <lb/>the wheels on mo­<lb/>ving.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>But be they contrary, or not contrary, the&longs;e are but <lb/>alterations of words; and I know, that upon the matter, it would <lb/>be far more proper and agreeable with Nature, if we could &longs;alve <lb/>all with one motion onely, than to introduce two that are (if you <lb/>will not call them contrary) oppo&longs;ite; yet do I not cen&longs;ure this <lb/>introduction (of contrary motions) as impo&longs;&longs;ible; nor pretend I <lb/>from the denial thereof, to inferre a nece&longs;&longs;ary Demon&longs;tration, <lb/>but onely a greater probability, of the other. </s>
<s>A third rea&longs;on <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg258"></arrow.to.target><lb/>which maketh the <emph type="italics"/>Ptolomaique Hypothe&longs;is<emph.end type="italics"/> le&longs;&longs;e probable is, that it <lb/>mo&longs;t unrea&longs;onably confoundeth the order, which we a&longs;&longs;uredly <lb/>&longs;ee to be among&longs;t tho&longs;e Cœle&longs;tial Bodies, the circumgyration of <lb/>which is not que&longs;tionable, but mo&longs;t certain. </s>
<s>And that Order is, <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg259"></arrow.to.target><lb/>that according as an Orb is greater, it fini&longs;heth its revolution in a <lb/>longer time, and the le&longs;&longs;er, in &longs;horter. </s>
<s>And thus <emph type="italics"/>Saturn<emph.end type="italics"/> de&longs;cri­<lb/>bing a greater Circle than all the other Planets, compleateth the <lb/>&longs;ame in thirty yeares: <emph type="italics"/>Jupiter<emph.end type="italics"/> fini&longs;heth his; that is le&longs;&longs;e, in <lb/>twelve years: <emph type="italics"/>Mars<emph.end type="italics"/> in two: The Moon runneth thorow hers, &longs;o <lb/>much le&longs;&longs;e than the re&longs;t, in a Moneth onely. </s>
<s>Nor do we le&longs;&longs;e <lb/>&longs;en&longs;ibly &longs;ee that of the <emph type="italics"/>Medicean Stars,<emph.end type="italics"/> which is neare&longs;t to <emph type="italics"/>Ju-<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg260"></arrow.to.target><lb/><emph type="italics"/>piter,<emph.end type="italics"/> to make its revolution in a very &longs;hort time, that is, in four <lb/>and forty hours, or thereabouts, the next to that in three dayes and <lb/>an half, the third in &longs;even dayes, and the mo&longs;t remote in &longs;ixteen. <lb/></s>
<s>And this rate holdeth well enough, nor will it at all alter, while&longs;t <lb/>we a&longs;&longs;ign the motion of 24 hours to the Terre&longs;trial Globe, for it <lb/>to move round its own center in that time; but if you would have <lb/>the Earth immoveable, it is nece&longs;&longs;ary, that when you have pa&longs;t <lb/>from the &longs;hort period of the Moon, to the others &longs;ucce&longs;&longs;ively <lb/>bigger, until you come to that of <emph type="italics"/>Mars<emph.end type="italics"/> in two years, and from <lb/>thence to that of the bigger Sphere of <emph type="italics"/>Jupiter<emph.end type="italics"/> in twelve years, and <pb pagenum="102"/>from this to the other yet bigger of <emph type="italics"/>Saturn,<emph.end type="italics"/> who&longs;e period is of <lb/>thirty years, it is nece&longs;&longs;ary, I &longs;ay, that you pa&longs;&longs;e to another <lb/>Sphere incomparably greater &longs;till than that, and make this to ac­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg261"></arrow.to.target><lb/>compli&longs;h an entire revolution in twenty four hours. </s>
<s>And this yet is <lb/>the lea&longs;t di&longs;order that can follow. </s>
<s>For if any one &longs;hould pa&longs;&longs;e <lb/>from the Sphere of <emph type="italics"/>Saturn<emph.end type="italics"/> to the Starry Orb, and make it &longs;o <lb/>much bigger than that of <emph type="italics"/>Saturn,<emph.end type="italics"/> as proportion would require, in <lb/>re&longs;pect of its very &longs;low motion, of many thou&longs;ands of years, then <lb/>it mu&longs;t needs be a <emph type="italics"/>Salt<emph.end type="italics"/> much more ab&longs;urd, to skip from this to <lb/>another bigger, and to make it convertible in twenty four hours. <lb/></s>
<s>But the motion of the Earth being granted, the order of the pe­<lb/>riods will be exactly ob&longs;erved, and from the very &longs;low Sphere of <lb/><emph type="italics"/>Saturn,<emph.end type="italics"/> we come to the fixed Stars, which are wholly immovea­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg262"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ble, and &longs;o avoid a fourth difficulty, which we mu&longs;t of nece&longs;&longs;ity ad­<lb/>mit, if the Starry Sphere be &longs;uppo&longs;ed moveable, and that is the <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg263"></arrow.to.target><lb/>immen&longs;e di&longs;parity between the motions of tho&longs;e &longs;tars them&longs;elves; <lb/>of which &longs;ome would come to move mo&longs;t &longs;wiftly in mo&longs;t va&longs;t cir­<lb/>cles, others mo&longs;t &longs;lowly in circles very &longs;mall, according as tho&longs;e <lb/>or the&longs;e &longs;hould be found nearer, or more remote from the Poles; <lb/>which &longs;till is accompanied with an inconvenience, as well becau&longs;e <lb/>we &longs;ee tho&longs;e, of who&longs;e motion there is no que&longs;tion to be made, <lb/>to move all in very immen&longs;e circles; as al&longs;o, becau&longs;e it &longs;eems to <lb/>be an act done with no good con&longs;ideration, to con&longs;titute bodies, <lb/>that are de&longs;igned to move circularly, at immen&longs;e di&longs;tances from <lb/>the centre, and afterwards to make them move in very &longs;mall cir­<lb/>cles. </s>
<s>And not onely the magnitudes of the circles, and con&longs;e­<lb/>quently the velocity of the motions of the&longs;e Stars, &longs;hall be mo&longs;t <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg264"></arrow.to.target><lb/>different from the circles and motions of tho&longs;e others, but <lb/>(which &longs;hall be the fifth inconvenience) the &longs;elf-&longs;ame Stars <lb/>&longs;hall &longs;ucce&longs;&longs;ively vary its circles and velocities: For that <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg265"></arrow.to.target><lb/>tho&longs;e, which two thou&longs;and years &longs;ince were in the Equinoctial, <lb/>and con&longs;equently did with their motion de&longs;cribe very va&longs;t cir­<lb/>cles, being in our dayes many degrees di&longs;tant from thence, mu&longs;t <lb/>of nece&longs;&longs;ity become more &longs;low of motion, and be reduced to <lb/>move in le&longs;&longs;er circles, and it is not altogether impo&longs;&longs;ible but that <lb/>a time may come, in which &longs;ome of them which in aforetime had <lb/>continually moved, &longs;hall be reduced by uniting with the Pole, to <lb/>a &longs;tate of re&longs;t, and then after &longs;ome time of ce&longs;&longs;ation, &longs;hall return <lb/>to their motion again; whereas the other Stars, touching who&longs;e <lb/>motion none &longs;tand in doubt, do all de&longs;cribe, as hath been &longs;aid, <lb/>the great circle of their Orb, and in that maintain them&longs;elves <lb/>without any variation. </s>
<s>The ab&longs;urdity is farther enlarged (which <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg266"></arrow.to.target><lb/>let be the &longs;ixth inconvenience) to him that more &longs;eriou&longs;ly exami­<lb/>neth the thing, in that no thought can comprehend what ought to <lb/>be the &longs;olidity of that immen&longs;e Sphere, who&longs;e depth &longs;o &longs;tedfa&longs;tly <pb pagenum="103"/>holdeth fa&longs;t &longs;uch a multitude of Stars, which without ever chang­<lb/>ing fite among them&longs;elves, are with &longs;o much concord carried a­<lb/>bout, with &longs;o great di&longs;parity of motions. </s>
<s>Or el&longs;e, &longs;uppo&longs;ing the <lb/>Heavens to be fluid, as we are with more rea&longs;on to believe, &longs;o <lb/>as that every Star wandereth to and fro in it, by wayes of its <lb/>own, what rules &longs;hall regulate their motions, and to what pur­<lb/>po&longs;e, &longs;o, as that being beheld from the Earth, they appear as if <lb/>they were made by one onely Sphere? </s>
<s>It is my opinion, that they <lb/>might &longs;o much more ea&longs;ily do that, and in a more commodious <lb/>manner, by being con&longs;tituted immoveable, than by being made <lb/>errant, by how much more facile it is to number the quarries in the <lb/>Pavement of a <emph type="italics"/>Piazza,<emph.end type="italics"/> than the rout of boyes which run up and <lb/>down upon them. </s>
<s>And la&longs;tly, which is the &longs;eventh in&longs;tance, if <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg267"></arrow.to.target><lb/>we atribute the Diurnal Motion to the highe&longs;t Heaven, it mu&longs;t be <lb/>con&longs;tituted of &longs;uch a force and efficacy, as to carry along with <lb/>it the innumerable multitude of fixed Stars, Bodies all of va&longs;t <lb/>magnitude, and far bigger than the Earth; and moreover all the <lb/>Spheres of the Planets; notwith&longs;tanding that both the&longs;e and tho&longs;e <lb/>of their own nature move the contrary way. </s>
<s>And be&longs;ides all this, <lb/>it mu&longs;t be granted, that al&longs;o the Element of Fire, and the great­<lb/>er part of the Air, are likewi&longs;e forcibly hurried along with the <lb/>re&longs;t, and that the &longs;ole little Globe of the Earth pertinaciou&longs;ly <lb/>&longs;tands &longs;till, and unmoved again&longs;t &longs;uch an impul&longs;e; a thing, which <lb/>in my thinking, is very difficult; nor can I &longs;ee how the Earth, a <lb/>pendent body, and equilibrated upon its centre, expo&longs;ed indif­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg268"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ferently to either motion or re&longs;t, and environed with a liquid <emph type="italics"/>am­<lb/>bient,<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;hould not yield al&longs;o as the re&longs;t, and be carried about. <lb/></s>
<s>But we find none of the&longs;e ob&longs;tacles in making the Earth to move; <lb/>a &longs;mall body, and in&longs;en&longs;ible, compared to the Univer&longs;e, and <lb/>therefore unable to offer it any violence.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg258"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>A third confir­<lb/>mation of the &longs;ame <lb/>Doctrine.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg259"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The greater Orbs <lb/>make their conver­<lb/>&longs;ions in greater <lb/>times.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg260"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The times of the<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>Medicean <emph type="italics"/>Planets <lb/>conver&longs;ions.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg261"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The motion of<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>24 <emph type="italics"/>hours a&longs;cribed <lb/>to the highe&longs;t <lb/>Sphere di&longs;orders <lb/>the period of the <lb/>inferiour.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg262"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The fourth Con­<lb/>firmation.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg263"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Great di&longs;parity <lb/>among&longs;t the moti­<lb/>ons of the particu­<lb/>lar fixed &longs;tars, if <lb/>their Sphere be <lb/>moveable.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg264"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The fifth Con­<lb/>firmation.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg265"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The motions of <lb/>the fixed &longs;tars <lb/>would accelerate <lb/>and grow &longs;low in <lb/>divers times, if the <lb/>&longs;tarry Sphere were <lb/>moueable.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg266"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The &longs;ixth Con­<lb/>firmatiox.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg267"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The Seventh Con­<lb/>firmation.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg268"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The Earth a <lb/>pendent Body, and <lb/>equilibrated in a <lb/>fluid<emph.end type="italics"/> Medium <lb/><emph type="italics"/>&longs;eems unable to <lb/>re&longs;i&longs;t the rapture <lb/>of the Diurnal <lb/>Motion.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>I find my fancy di&longs;turbed with certain conjectures &longs;o con­<lb/>fu&longs;edly &longs;prung from your later di&longs;cour&longs;es; that, if I would be ena­<lb/>bled to apply my &longs;elf with atention to what followeth, I mu&longs;t of ne­<lb/>ce&longs;&longs;ity attempt whether I can better methodize them, and gather <lb/>thence their true con&longs;truction, if haply any can be made of them; <lb/>and peradventure, the proceeding by interrogations may help me <lb/>the more ea&longs;ily to expre&longs;&longs;e my &longs;elf. </s>
<s>Therefore I demand fir&longs;t of <emph type="italics"/>Sim­<lb/>plicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> whether he believeth, that divers motions may natural­<lb/>ly agree to one and the &longs;ame moveable body, or el&longs;e that it be <lb/>requi&longs;ite its natural and proper motion be onely one.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>To one &longs;ingle moveable, there can naturally agree <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg269"></arrow.to.target><lb/>but one &longs;ole motion, and no more; the re&longs;t all happen acciden­<lb/>tally and by participation; like as to him that walketh upon the <lb/>Deck of a Ship, his proper motion is that of his walk, his motion <lb/>by participation that which carrieth him to his Port, whither he <pb pagenum="104"/>would never with his walking have arrived, if the Ship with its <lb/>motion had not wafted him thither.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg269"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>A &longs;ingle move­<lb/>able hath but onely <lb/>one natural moti­<lb/>on, and all the <lb/>re&longs;t are by partici­<lb/>pation.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>Tell me &longs;econdly. </s>
<s>That motion, which is communi­<lb/>cated to any moveable by participation, while&longs;t it moveth by it <lb/>&longs;elf, with another motion different from the participated, is it <lb/>nece&longs;&longs;ary, that it do re&longs;ide in &longs;ome certain &longs;ubject by it &longs;elf, or <lb/>el&longs;e can it &longs;ub&longs;i&longs;t in nature alone, without other &longs;upport.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> giveth you an an&longs;wer to all the&longs;e que&longs;tions, <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg270"></arrow.to.target><lb/>and tels you, that as of one &longs;ole moveable the motion is but one; <lb/>&longs;o of one &longs;ole motion the moveable is but one; and con&longs;equent­<lb/>ly, that without the inherence in its &longs;ubject, no motion can ei­<lb/>ther &longs;ub&longs;i&longs;t, or be imagined.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg270"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Motion cannot <lb/>be made without <lb/>its moveable &longs;ub­<lb/>ject.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>I would have you tell me in the third place, whether <lb/>you beblieve that the Moon and the other Planets and Cœle&longs;tial <lb/>bodies, have their proper motions, and what they are.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>They have &longs;o, and they be tho&longs;e according to which <lb/>they run through the Zodiack, the Moon in a Moneth, the Sun <lb/>in a Year, <emph type="italics"/>Mars<emph.end type="italics"/> in two, the Starry Sphere in tho&longs;e &longs;o many thou­<lb/>&longs;and. </s>
<s>And the&longs;e are their proper, or natural motions.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>But that motion wherewith I &longs;ee the fixed Stars, and <lb/>with them all the Planets go unitedly from Ea&longs;t to We&longs;t, and re­<lb/>turn round to the Ea&longs;t again in twenty four hours, how doth it <lb/>agree with them?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>It &longs;uiteth with them by participation.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>This then re&longs;ides not in them, and not re&longs;iding in <lb/>them, nor being able to &longs;ub&longs;i&longs;t without &longs;ome &longs;ubject in which it <lb/>is re&longs;ident, it mu&longs;t of force be the proper and natural motion of <lb/>&longs;ome other Sphere.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>For this purpo&longs;e A&longs;tronomers, and Philo&longs;ophers have <lb/>found another high Sphere, above all the re&longs;t, without Stars, to <lb/>which Natural agreeth the Diurnal Motion; and this they call <lb/>the <emph type="italics"/>Primum mobile<emph.end type="italics"/>; the which carrieth along with it all the in­<lb/>feriour Spheres, contributing and imparting its motion to <lb/>them.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>But when, without introducing other Spheres unknown <lb/>and hugely va&longs;t, without other motions or communicated raptures, <lb/>with leaving to each Sphere its &longs;ole and &longs;imple motion, without <lb/>intermixing contrary motions, but making all turn one way, as <lb/>it is nece&longs;&longs;ary that they do, depending all upon one &longs;ole principle, <lb/>all things proceed orderly, and corre&longs;pond with mo&longs;t perfect har­<lb/>mony, why do we reject this <emph type="italics"/>Phœnomenon,<emph.end type="italics"/> and give our a&longs;&longs;ent to <lb/>tho&longs;e prodigious and laborious conditions?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>The difficulty lyeth in finding out this &longs;o natural and <lb/>expeditious way.</s></p><pb pagenum="105"/><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>In my judgment this is found. </s>
<s>Make the Earth the <lb/><emph type="italics"/>Primum mobile,<emph.end type="italics"/> that is, make it turn round its own <emph type="italics"/>axis<emph.end type="italics"/> in twenty <lb/>four hours, and towards the &longs;ame point with all the other Spheres; <lb/>and without participating this &longs;ame motion to any other Planet or <lb/>Star, all &longs;hall have their ri&longs;ings, &longs;ettings, and in a word, all their <lb/>other appearances.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>The bu&longs;ine&longs;s is, to be able to make the Earth move <lb/>without athou&longs;and inconveniences.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>All the inconveniences &longs;hall be removed as fa&longs;t as you <lb/>propound them: and the things &longs;poken hitherto are onely the <lb/>primary and more general inducements which give us to believe <lb/>that the diurnal conver&longs;ion may not altogether without probabi­<lb/>lity be applyed to the Earth, rather than to all the re&longs;t of the U­<lb/>niver&longs;e: the which inducements I impo&longs;e not upon you as invio­<lb/>lable Axioms, but as hints, which carry with them &longs;omewhat of <lb/>likelihood. </s>
<s>And in regard I know very well, that one &longs;ole ex­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg271"></arrow.to.target><lb/>periment, or concludent demon&longs;tration, produced on the contrary <lb/>part, &longs;ufficeth to batter to the ground the&longs;e and a thou&longs;and other <lb/>probable Arguments; therefore it is not fit to &longs;tay here, but proceed <lb/>forwards and hear what <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> an&longs;wereth, and what greater <lb/>probabilities, or &longs;tronger arguments he alledgeth on the contrary.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg271"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>One &longs;ingle ex­<lb/>periment, or &longs;ound <lb/>demon&longs;tration bat­<lb/>tereth down all ar­<lb/>guments meerly <lb/>probable.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>I will fir&longs;t &longs;ay &longs;omething in general upon all the&longs;e con­<lb/>&longs;iderations together, and then I will de&longs;cend to &longs;ome particulars. <lb/></s>
<s>It &longs;eems that you univer&longs;ally bottom all you &longs;ay upon the greater <lb/>&longs;implicity and facility of producing the &longs;ame effects, whil&longs;t you <lb/>hold, that as to the cau&longs;ing of them, the motion of the Earth a­<lb/>lone, &longs;erveth <emph type="italics"/>as well<emph.end type="italics"/> as that of all the re&longs;t of the World, the Earth <lb/>deducted: but as to the operations, you e&longs;teem that much ea&longs;ier <lb/>than this. </s>
<s>To which I reply, that I am al&longs;o of the &longs;ame opinion, <lb/>&longs;o long as I regard my own not onely finite, but feeble power; <lb/>but having a re&longs;pect to the &longs;trength of the <emph type="italics"/>Mover,<emph.end type="italics"/> which is in­<lb/>finite, its no le&longs;&longs;e ea&longs;ie to move the Univer&longs;e, than the Earth, <lb/>yea than a &longs;traw. </s>
<s>And if his power be infinite, why &longs;hould he not <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg272"></arrow.to.target><lb/>rather exerci&longs;e a greater part thereof than a le&longs;&longs;e? </s>
<s>Therefore, <lb/>I hold that your di&longs;cour&longs;e in general is not convincing.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg272"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Of an infinite <lb/>power one would <lb/>think a greater <lb/>part &longs;hould rather <lb/>be imploy'd than a <lb/>le&longs;&longs;e.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>If I had at any time &longs;aid, that the Univer&longs;e moved not <lb/>for want of power in the <emph type="italics"/>Mover,<emph.end type="italics"/> I &longs;hould have erred, and your <lb/>reproof would have been &longs;ea&longs;onable; and I grant you, that to <lb/>an infinite power, it is as ea&longs;ie to move an hundred thou&longs;and, as <lb/>one. </s>
<s>But that which I did &longs;ay, concerns not the Mover, but one­<lb/>ly hath re&longs;pect to the Moveables; and in them, not onely to <lb/>their re&longs;i&longs;tance, which doubtle&longs;&longs;e is le&longs;&longs;er in the Earth, than in <lb/>the Univer&longs;e; but to the many other particulars, but even now <lb/>con&longs;idered. </s>
<s>As to what you &longs;ay in the next place, that of an in­<lb/>finite power it is better to exerci&longs;e a great part than a &longs;mall: I an­<pb pagenum="106"/>&longs;wer, that of infinite one part is not greater than another, &longs;ince <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg273"></arrow.to.target><lb/>both are infinite; nor can it be &longs;aid, that of the infinite number, <lb/>an hundred thou&longs;and is a greater part than two, though that be <lb/>fifty thou&longs;and times greater than this; and if to the moving of <lb/>the Univer&longs;e there be required a finite power, though very great <lb/>in compari&longs;on of that which &longs;ufficeth to move the Earth onely; <lb/>yet is there not implied therein a greater part of the infinite power, <lb/>nor is that part le&longs;&longs;e infinite which remaineth unimploy'd. </s>
<s>So that <lb/>to apply unto a particular effect, a little more, or a little le&longs;&longs;e <lb/>power, importeth nothing; be&longs;ides that the operation of &longs;uch <lb/>vertue, hath not for its bound or end the Diurnal Motion onely; <lb/>but there are &longs;everal other motions in the World, which we <lb/>know of, and many others there may be, that are to us unknown. <lb/></s>
<s>Therefore if we re&longs;pect the Moveables, and granting it as out of <lb/>que&longs;tion, that it is a &longs;horter and ea&longs;ier way to move the Earth, <lb/>than the Univer&longs;e; and moreover, having an eye to the &longs;o many <lb/>other abreviations, and facilities that onely this way are to be ob­<lb/>tained, an infallible Maxime of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> which he teacheth us, <lb/>that, <emph type="italics"/>fru&longs;tra fit per plura, quod pote&longs;t fieri per pauciora,<emph.end type="italics"/> ren­<lb/>dereth it more probable that the Diurnal Motion belongs to the <lb/>Earth alone, than to the Univer&longs;e, the Earth &longs;ubducted.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg273"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Of infinity one <lb/>part is no bigger <lb/>than auother, al­<lb/>though they are <lb/>comparatively un­<lb/>equal.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>In reciting that Axiom, you have omitted a &longs;mall <lb/>clau&longs;e, which importeth as much as all the re&longs;t, e&longs;pecially in our <lb/>ca&longs;e, that is to &longs;ay, the words <emph type="italics"/>æquè bene.<emph.end type="italics"/> It is requi&longs;ite therefore <lb/>to examine whether this <emph type="italics"/>Hypothe&longs;is<emph.end type="italics"/> doth <emph type="italics"/>equally well<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;atisfie in all <lb/>particulars, as the other.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>The knowledg whether both the&longs;e po&longs;itions do <emph type="italics"/>æquè <lb/>bene,<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;atisfie, may be comprehended from the particular exami­<lb/>nation of the appearances which they are to &longs;atisfie; for hitherto <lb/>we have di&longs;cour&longs;ed, and will continue to argue <emph type="italics"/>ex hypothe&longs;i,<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>namely, &longs;uppo&longs;ing, that as to the &longs;atisfaction of the appearances, <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg274"></arrow.to.target><lb/>both the a&longs;&longs;umptions are equally accomodated. </s>
<s>As to the clau&longs;e <lb/>which you &longs;ay was omitted by me, I have more rea&longs;on to &longs;u&longs;pect <lb/>that it was &longs;uperfluou&longs;ly in&longs;erted by you. </s>
<s>For the expre&longs;&longs;ion <emph type="italics"/>æquè <lb/>bene,<emph.end type="italics"/> is a relative that nece&longs;&longs;arily requireth two terms at lea&longs;t, <lb/>for a thing cannot have relation to its &longs;elf, nor do we &longs;ay, <emph type="italics"/>v. </s>
<s>gr.<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>re&longs;t to be <emph type="italics"/>equally good,<emph.end type="italics"/> as re&longs;t. </s>
<s>And becau&longs;e, when we &longs;ay, <emph type="italics"/>that <lb/>is done in vain by many means, which may be done with fewer,<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>we mean, that that which is to be done, ought to be the &longs;ame <lb/>thing, not two different ones; and becau&longs;e the &longs;ame thing can­<lb/>not be &longs;aid to be done as well as its &longs;elf; therefore, the addition <lb/>of the Phra&longs;e <emph type="italics"/>æquè bene<emph.end type="italics"/> is &longs;uperfluous, and a relation, that hath <lb/>but one term onely.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg274"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>In the Axiome<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>Fru&longs;tra fit per plu­<lb/>ra, &c. <emph type="italics"/>the addi­<lb/>tion of<emph.end type="italics"/> æque benè, <lb/><emph type="italics"/>is &longs;uperfluous.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>Unle&longs;&longs;e you will have the &longs;ame befal us, as did ye&longs;ter­<lb/>day, let us return to our matter in hand; and let <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> be­<pb pagenum="107"/>gin to produce tho&longs;e difficulties that &longs;eem in his opinion, to thwart <lb/>this new di&longs;po&longs;ition of the World.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>That di&longs;po&longs;ition is not new, but very old, and that <lb/>you may &longs;ee it is &longs;o, <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> confuteth it; and his confutations <lb/>are the&longs;e: “Fir&longs;t if the Earth moveth either in it felf about its <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg275"></arrow.to.target><lb/>own Centre, or in an Excentrick Circle, it is nece&longs;&longs;ary that that <lb/>&longs;ame motion be violent; for it is not its natural motion, for <lb/>if it were, each of its parts would partake thereof; but each <lb/>of them moveth in a right line towards its Centre. </s>
<s>It being <lb/>therefore violent and pteternatural, it could never be perpetu­<lb/>al: But the order of the World is perpetual. </s>
<s>Therefore, <emph type="italics"/>&c.<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>Secondly, all the other moveables that move circularly, &longs;eem <lb/>to ^{*} &longs;tay behind, and to move with more than one motion, the <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg276"></arrow.to.target><lb/><emph type="italics"/>Primum Mobile<emph.end type="italics"/> excepted: Whence it would be nece&longs;&longs;ary that <lb/>the Earth al&longs;o do move with two motions; and if that &longs;hould <lb/>be &longs;o, it would inevitably follow, that mutations &longs;hould be <lb/>made in the Fixed Stars, the which none do perceive; nay <lb/>without any variation, the &longs;ame Stars alwayes ri&longs;e from towards <lb/>the &longs;ame places, and in the &longs;ame places do &longs;et. </s>
<s>Thirdly, the mo­<lb/>tion of the parts is the &longs;ame with that of the whole, and natural­<lb/>ly tendeth towards the Centre of the Univer&longs;e; and for the &longs;ame <lb/>cau&longs;e re&longs;t, being arrived thither. </s>
<s>He thereupon moves the que­<lb/>&longs;tion whether the motion of the parts hath a tendency to the <lb/>centre of the Univer&longs;e, or to the centre of the Earth; and conclu­<lb/>deth that it goeth by proper in&longs;tinct to the centre of the Univer&longs;e, <lb/>and <emph type="italics"/>per accidence<emph.end type="italics"/> to that of the Earth; of which point we largely <lb/>di&longs;cour&longs;ed ye&longs;terday. </s>
<s>He la&longs;tly confirmeth the &longs;ame with a fourth <lb/>argument taken from the experiment of grave bodies, which fal­<lb/>ing from on high, de&longs;cend perpendicularly unto the Earths&longs;urface; <lb/>and in the &longs;ame manner <emph type="italics"/>Projections<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;hot perpendicularly upwards, <lb/>do by the &longs;ame lines return perpendicularly down again, though <lb/>they were &longs;hot to a very great height. </s>
<s>All which arguments nece&longs;­<lb/>&longs;arily prove their motion to be towards the Centre of the Earth, <lb/>which without moving at all waits for, and receiveth them. </s>
<s>He <lb/>intimateth in the la&longs;t place that the A&longs;tronomers alledg other <lb/>rea&longs;ons in confirmation of the &longs;ame conclu&longs;ions, I mean of the <lb/>Earths being in the Centre of the Univer&longs;e, and immoveable; <lb/>and in&longs;tanceth onely in one of them, to wit, that all the <emph type="italics"/>Phæ­<lb/>nomena<emph.end type="italics"/> or appearances that are &longs;een in the motions of the Stars, <lb/>perfectly agree with the po&longs;ition of the Earth in the Centre; <lb/>which would not be &longs;o, were the Earth &longs;eated otherwi&longs;e. <lb/></s>
<s>The re&longs;t produced by <emph type="italics"/>Ptolomy<emph.end type="italics"/> and the other A&longs;tronomers, I can <lb/>give you now if you plea&longs;e, or after you have &longs;poken what you <lb/>have to &longs;ay in an&longs;wer to the&longs;e of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle.”<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg275"></margin.target>Ari&longs;totles <emph type="italics"/>Ar­<lb/>guments for the <lb/>Earths quie&longs;&longs;ence.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg276"></margin.target>* <emph type="italics"/>Re&longs;tino indietzo,<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>which is meant <lb/>here of that moti­<lb/>on which a bowl <lb/>makes when its <lb/>born by its by as to <lb/>one &longs;ide or other, <lb/>and &longs;o hindered in <lb/>its direct motion.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>The arguments which are brought upon this occa&longs;ion <pb pagenum="108"/>are of two kinds: &longs;ome have re&longs;pect to the accidents Terre&longs;trial, <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg277"></arrow.to.target><lb/>without any relation to the Stars, and others are taken from the <lb/><emph type="italics"/>Phænomena<emph.end type="italics"/> and ob&longs;ervations of things Cœle&longs;tial. </s>
<s>The arguments <lb/>of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> are for the mo&longs;t part taken from things neer at hand, <lb/>and he leaveth the others to <emph type="italics"/>A&longs;tronomers<emph.end type="italics"/>; and therefore it is the <lb/>be&longs;t way, if you like of it, to examine the&longs;e taken from experi­<lb/>ments touching the Earth, and then proceed to tho&longs;e of the other <lb/>kind. </s>
<s>And becau&longs;e <emph type="italics"/>Ptolomy, Tycho,<emph.end type="italics"/> and the other <emph type="italics"/>A&longs;tronomers<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg278"></arrow.to.target><lb/>and <emph type="italics"/>Philo&longs;ophers,<emph.end type="italics"/> be&longs;ides the arguments of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> by them a&longs;&longs;u­<lb/>med, confirmed, and made good, do produce certain others; we <lb/>will put them all together, that &longs;o we may not an&longs;wer twice to <lb/>the &longs;ame, or the like objections. </s>
<s>Therefore <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> choo&longs;e <lb/>whether you will recite them your &longs;elf, or cau&longs;e me to ea&longs;e you of <lb/>this task, for I am ready to &longs;erve you.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg277"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Two kindes of <lb/>Arguments tou­<lb/>ching the Earths <lb/>motion or rest.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg278"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Arguments of<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>Ptolomy <emph type="italics"/>and<emph.end type="italics"/> Ty­<lb/>cho, <emph type="italics"/>and other per­<lb/>&longs;ons, over and a­<lb/>bove tho&longs;e of<emph.end type="italics"/> Ari­<lb/>&longs;totle.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>It is better that you quote them, becau&longs;e, as having <lb/>taken more pains in the &longs;tudy of them, you can produce them with <lb/>more readine&longs;&longs;e, and in greater number.<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg279"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg279"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The fir&longs;t argu­<lb/>ment taken from <lb/>grave bodies fal­<lb/>ling from on high <lb/>to the ground.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. All, for the &longs;tronge&longs;t rea&longs;on, alledge that of grave bo­<lb/>dies, which falling downwards from on high, move by a right line, <lb/>that is perpendicular to the &longs;urface of the Earth, an argument <lb/>which is held undeniably to prove that the Earth is immoveable: <lb/>for in ca&longs;e it &longs;hould have the diurnal motion, a Tower, from the <lb/>top of which a &longs;tone is let fall, being carried along by the conver­<lb/>&longs;ion of the Earth, in the time that the &longs;tone &longs;pends in falling, would <lb/>be tran&longs;ported many hundred yards Ea&longs;tward, and &longs;o far di&longs;tant <lb/>from the Towers foot would the &longs;tone come to ground. </s>
<s>The <lb/>which effect they back with another experiment; to wit, by let­</s></p><p type="main">
<s><arrow.to.target n="marg280"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ting a bullet of lead fall from the round top of a Ship, that lieth at <lb/>anchor, and ob&longs;erving the mark it makes where it lights, which they <lb/>find to be neer the ^{*} partners of the Ma&longs;t; but if the &longs;ame bullet <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg281"></arrow.to.target><lb/>be let fall from the &longs;ame place when the &longs;hip is under &longs;ail, it &longs;hall <lb/>light as far from the former place, as the &longs;hip hath run in the time <lb/>of the leads de&longs;cent; and this for no other rea&longs;on, than becau&longs;e <lb/>the natural motion of the ball being at liberty is by a right line to­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg282"></arrow.to.target><lb/>wards the centre of the Earth. </s>
<s>They forti&longs;ie this argument with <lb/>the experiment of a projection &longs;hot on high at a very great di­<lb/>&longs;tance; as for example, a ball &longs;ent out of a Cannon, erected per­<lb/>pendicular to the horizon, the which &longs;pendeth &longs;o much time in a&longs;­<lb/>cending and falling, that in our parallel the Cannon and we both <lb/>&longs;hould be carried by the Earth many miles towards the Ea&longs;t, &longs;o <lb/>that the ball in its return could never come neer the Peece, but <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg283"></arrow.to.target><lb/>would fall as far We&longs;t, as the Earth had run Ea&longs;t. </s>
<s>They againe <lb/>adde a third, and very evident experiment, <emph type="italics"/>&longs;cilicet,<emph.end type="italics"/> that &longs;hooting a <lb/>bullet point blank (or as Gunners &longs;ay, neither above nor under me­<lb/>tal) out of a Culverin towards the Ea&longs;t, and afterwards another, <pb pagenum="109"/>with the &longs;ame charge, and at the &longs;ame elevation or di&longs;port towards <lb/>the We&longs;t, the range towards the We&longs;t &longs;hould be very much grea­<lb/>ter then the other towards the Ea&longs;t: for that whil'&longs;t the ball goeth <lb/>We&longs;tward, and the Peece is carried along by the Earth Ea&longs;tward, <lb/>the ball will fall from the Peece as far di&longs;tant as is the aggregate of <lb/>the two motions, one made by it &longs;elf towards the We&longs;t, and the <lb/>other by the Peece carried about by the Earth towards the Ea&longs;t; <lb/>and on the contrary, from the range of the ball &longs;hot Ea&longs;tward you <lb/>are to &longs;ub&longs;tract the &longs;pace the Peece moved, being carried after it. <lb/></s>
<s>Now &longs;uppo&longs;e, for example, that the range of the ball &longs;hot We&longs;t <lb/>were five miles, and that the Earth in the &longs;ame parallel and in the <lb/>time of the Bals ranging &longs;hould remove three miles, the Ball in this <lb/>ca&longs;e would fall eight miles di&longs;tant from the Culverin, namely, its <lb/>own five We&longs;tward, and the Culverins three miles Ea&longs;tward: but <lb/>the range of the &longs;hot towards the Ea&longs;t would be but two miles <lb/>long, for &longs;o much is the remainder, after you have &longs;ub&longs;tracted <lb/>from the five miles of the range, the three miles which the Peece <lb/>had moved towards the &longs;ame part. </s>
<s>But experience &longs;heweth the <lb/>Ranges to be equal, therefore the Culverin, and con&longs;equently the <lb/>Earth are immoveable. </s>
<s>And the &longs;tability of the Earth is no le&longs;fe <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg284"></arrow.to.target><lb/>confirmed by two other &longs;hots made North and South; for they <lb/>would never hit the mark, but the Ranges would be alwayes wide, <lb/>or towards the We&longs;t, by meanes of the remove the mark would <lb/>make, being carried along with the Earth towards the Ea&longs;t, whil'&longs;t <lb/>the ball is flying. </s>
<s>And not onely &longs;hots made by the Meridians, <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg285"></arrow.to.target><lb/>but al&longs;o tho&longs;e aimed Ea&longs;t or We&longs;t would prove uncertain; for <lb/>tho&longs;e aim'd Ea&longs;t would be too high, and tho&longs;e directed We&longs;t too <lb/>low, although they were &longs;hot point blank, as I &longs;aid. </s>
<s>For the <lb/>Range of the Ball in both the &longs;hots being made by the Tangent, <lb/>that is, by a line parallel to the Horizon, and being that in the di­<lb/>urnal motion, if it be of the Earth, the Horizon goeth continually <lb/>de&longs;cending towards the Ea&longs;t, and ri&longs;ing from the We&longs;t (therefore <lb/>the Oriental Stars &longs;eem to ri&longs;e, and the Occidental to decline) &longs;o <lb/>that the Oriental mark would de&longs;cend below the aime, and there­<lb/>upon the &longs;hot would fly too high, and the a&longs;cending of the We&longs;t­<lb/>ern mark would make the &longs;hot aimed that way range too low; &longs;o <lb/>that the Peece would never carry true towards any point; and for <lb/>that experience telleth us the contrary, it is requi&longs;ite to &longs;ay, that <lb/>the Earth is immoveable.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg280"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Which is confir­<lb/>med by the experi­<lb/>ment of a body let <lb/>fall from the round <lb/>top of a Ship.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg281"></margin.target>* That is, at the <lb/>foot of the Ma&longs;t, <lb/>upon the upper <lb/>deck.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg282"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The &longs;econd ar­<lb/>gument taken from <lb/>a Projection &longs;hot <lb/>very high.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg283"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The third argu­<lb/>ment taken from <lb/>the &longs;hots of a Can­<lb/>non, towards the <lb/>Ea&longs;t, and towards <lb/>the West.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg284"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>This argument <lb/>is confirmed by two <lb/>&longs;hots towards the <lb/>South and towards <lb/>the North.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg285"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>And it is like­<lb/>wi&longs;e confirmed by <lb/>two &longs;hots towards <lb/>the Ea&longs;t, and to­<lb/>wards the We&longs;t.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>The&longs;e are &longs;olid rea&longs;ons, and &longs;uch as I believe no man <lb/>can an&longs;wer.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>Perhaps they are new to you?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>Really they are; and now I &longs;ee with how many ad­<lb/>mirable experiments Nature is plea&longs;ed to favour us, wherewith to <lb/>a&longs;&longs;i&longs;t us in the knowledge of the Truth. </s>
<s>Oh! how exactly one <pb pagenum="110"/>truth agreeth with another, and all con&longs;pire to render each other <lb/>inexpugnable!</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>What pity it is that Guns were not u&longs;ed in <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totles<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>age, he would with help of them have ea&longs;ily battered down ig­<lb/>norance, and &longs;poke without hæ&longs;itation of the&longs;e mundane points.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>I am very glad that the&longs;e rea&longs;ons are new unto you, that <lb/>&longs;o you may not re&longs;t in the opinion of the <emph type="italics"/>major<emph.end type="italics"/> part of <emph type="italics"/>Peripate­<lb/>ticks,<emph.end type="italics"/> who believe, that if any one for&longs;akes the Doctrine of <emph type="italics"/>Ari­<lb/>&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> it is becau&longs;e they did not under&longs;tand or rightly apprehend <lb/>his demon&longs;trations. </s>
<s>But you may expect to hear of other Novel­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg286"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ties, and you &longs;hall &longs;ee the followers of this new Sy&longs;teme produce a­<lb/>gain&longs;t them&longs;elves ob&longs;ervations, experiences, and rea&longs;ons of farre <lb/>greater force than tho&longs;e alledged by <emph type="italics"/>Aristotle, Ptolomy,<emph.end type="italics"/> and other <lb/>oppo&longs;ers of the &longs;ame conclu&longs;ions, and by this means you &longs;hall come <lb/>to a&longs;certain your &longs;elf that they were not induced through want of <lb/>knowledge or experience to follow that opinion.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg286"></margin.target>Copernicus <emph type="italics"/>his <lb/>followers are not <lb/>moved through ig­<lb/>nor ance of the ar­<lb/>guments on the o­<lb/>ther part.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>It is requi&longs;ite that upon this occa&longs;ion I relate unto you <lb/>&longs;ome accidents that befell me, &longs;o &longs;oon as I fir&longs;t began to hear &longs;peak <lb/>of this new doctrine. </s>
<s>Being very young, and having &longs;carcely fi­<lb/>ni&longs;hed my cour&longs;e of Philo&longs;ophy, which I left off, as being &longs;et upon <lb/>other employments, there chanced to come into the&longs;e parts a cer­<lb/>tain Foreigner of <emph type="italics"/>Ro&longs;tock,<emph.end type="italics"/> who&longs;e name, as I remember, was <emph type="italics"/>Chri-<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg287"></arrow.to.target><lb/><emph type="italics"/>&longs;tianus Vur&longs;titius,<emph.end type="italics"/> a follower of <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus,<emph.end type="italics"/> who in an <emph type="italics"/>Academy<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>made two or three Lectures upon this point, to whom many flock't <lb/>as Auditors; but I thinking they went more for the novelty of the <lb/>&longs;ubject than otherwi&longs;e, did not go to hear him: for I had conclu­<lb/>ded with my &longs;elf that that opinion could be no other than a &longs;olemn <lb/>madne&longs;&longs;e. </s>
<s>And que&longs;tioning &longs;ome of tho&longs;e who had been there, I <lb/>perceived they all made a je&longs;t thereof, execpt one, who told me <lb/>that the bu&longs;ine&longs;&longs;e was not altogether to be laugh't at, and becau&longs;e <lb/>this man was reputed by me to be very intelligent and wary, I re­<lb/>pented that I was not there, and began from that time forward as <lb/>oft as I met with any one of the <emph type="italics"/>Copernican<emph.end type="italics"/> per&longs;wa&longs;ion, to demand <lb/>of them, if they had been alwayes of the &longs;ame judgment; and of as <lb/>many as I examined, I found not &longs;o much as one, who told me not <lb/>that he had been a long time of the contrary opinion, but to have <lb/>changed it for this, as convinced by the &longs;trength of the rea&longs;ons pro­<lb/>ving the &longs;ame: and afterwards que&longs;tioning them, one by one; to <lb/>&longs;ee whether they were well po&longs;&longs;e&longs;t of the rea&longs;ons of the other &longs;ide; <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg288"></arrow.to.target><lb/>I found them all to be very ready and perfect in them; &longs;o that I <lb/>could not truly &longs;ay, that they had took up this opinion out of ig­<lb/>norance, vanity, or to &longs;hew the acutene&longs;&longs;e of their wits. </s>
<s>On the <lb/>contrary, of as many of the <emph type="italics"/>Peripateticks<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Ptolomeans<emph.end type="italics"/> as I <lb/>have asked (and out of curio&longs;ity I have talked with many) what <lb/>pains they had taken in the Book of <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus,<emph.end type="italics"/> I found very <pb pagenum="111"/>few that had &longs;o much as &longs;uperficially peru&longs;ed it; but of tho&longs;e <lb/>whom, I thought, had under&longs;tood the &longs;ame, not one; and more­<lb/>over, I have enquired among&longs;t the followers of the <emph type="italics"/>Peripatetick<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>Doctrine, if ever any of them had held the contrary opinion, and <lb/>likewi&longs;e found none that had. </s>
<s>Whereupon con&longs;idering that there <lb/>was no man who followed the opinion of <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus,<emph.end type="italics"/> that had <lb/>not been fir&longs;t on the contrary &longs;ide, and that was not very well ac­<lb/>quainted with the rea&longs;ons of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Ptolomy<emph.end type="italics"/>; and, on the <lb/>contrary, that there is not one of the followers of <emph type="italics"/>Ptolomy<emph.end type="italics"/> that <lb/>had ever been of the judgment of <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus,<emph.end type="italics"/> and had left that, <lb/>to imbrace this of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> con&longs;idering, I &longs;ay, the&longs;e things, I <lb/>began to think, that one, who leaveth an opinion imbued with <lb/>his milk, and followed by very many, to take up another owned <lb/>by very few, and denied by all the Schools, and that really <lb/>&longs;eems a very great Paradox, mu&longs;t needs have been moved, not <lb/>to &longs;ay forced, by more powerful rea&longs;ons. </s>
<s>For this cau&longs;e, I am <lb/>become very curious to dive, as they &longs;ay, into the bottom of this <lb/>bu&longs;ine&longs;&longs;e, and account it my great good fortune that I have met <lb/>you two, from whom I may without any trouble, hear all that <lb/>hath been, and, haply, can be &longs;aid on this argument, a&longs;&longs;uring <lb/>my &longs;elf that the &longs;trength of your rea&longs;ons will re&longs;olve all &longs;cruples, <lb/>and bring me to a certainty in this &longs;ubject.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg287"></margin.target>Chri&longs;tianus Vur­<lb/>&longs;titius <emph type="italics"/>read certain <lb/>Lectures touching <lb/>the opinion of<emph.end type="italics"/> Co­<lb/>pernicus, <emph type="italics"/>& what <lb/>en&longs;ued thereupon.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg288"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The followers of<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>Copernicus <emph type="italics"/>were <lb/>all fir&longs;t again&longs;t <lb/>that opinion, but <lb/>the Sectators of<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>Ari&longs;totle <emph type="italics"/>&<emph.end type="italics"/> Pto­<lb/>lomy, <emph type="italics"/>were never <lb/>of the other &longs;ide.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>But its po&longs;&longs;ible your opinion and hopes may be di&longs;ap­<lb/>pointed, and that you may find your &longs;elves more at a lo&longs;&longs;e in the <lb/>end than you was at fir&longs;t.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>I am very confident that this can in no wi&longs;e befal <lb/>me.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>And why not? </s>
<s>I have a manife&longs;t example in my &longs;elf, <lb/>that the farther I go, the more I am confounded.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>This is a &longs;ign that tho&longs;e rea&longs;ons that hitherto &longs;eemed <lb/>concluding unto you, and a&longs;&longs;ured you in the truth of your opi­<lb/>nion, begin to change countenance in your mind, and to let you <lb/>by degrees, if not imbrace, at lea&longs;t look towards the contrary te­<lb/>nent; but I, that have been hitherto indifferent, do greatly hope <lb/>to acquire re&longs;t and &longs;atisfaction by our future di&longs;cour&longs;es, and you <lb/>will not deny but I may, if you plea&longs;e but to hear what per&longs;wa­<lb/>deth me to this expectation.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>I will gladly hearken to the &longs;ame, and &longs;hould be no <lb/>le&longs;&longs;e glad that the like effect might be wrought in me.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>Favour me therefore with an&longs;wering to what I &longs;hall ask <lb/>you. </s>
<s>And fir&longs;t, tell me, <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> is not the conclu&longs;ion, which <lb/>we &longs;eek the truth of, Whether we ought to hold with <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>and <emph type="italics"/>Ptolomy,<emph.end type="italics"/> that the Earth onely abiding without motion in the <lb/>Centre of the Univer&longs;e, the Cœle&longs;tial bodies all move, or el&longs;e, <lb/>Whether the Starry Sphere and the Sun &longs;tanding &longs;till in the Centre, <pb pagenum="112"/>the Earth is without the &longs;ame, and owner of all tho&longs;e motions that <lb/>in our &longs;eeming belong to the Sun and fixed Stars?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>The&longs;e are the conclu&longs;ions which are in di&longs;pute.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>And the&longs;e two conclu&longs;ions, are they not of &longs;uch a na­<lb/>ture, that one of them mu&longs;t nece&longs;&longs;arily be true, and the other <lb/>fal&longs;e?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>They are &longs;o. </s>
<s>We are in a <emph type="italics"/>Dilemma,<emph.end type="italics"/> one part of which <lb/>mu&longs;t of nece&longs;&longs;ity be true, and the other untrue; for between Mo­<lb/>tion and Re&longs;t, which are contradictories, there cannot be in&longs;tanced <lb/>a third, &longs;o as that one cannot &longs;ay the Earth moves not, nor &longs;tands <lb/>&longs;till; the Sun and Stars do not move, and yet &longs;tand not &longs;till.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>The Earth, the Sun, and Stars, what things are they in <lb/>nature? </s>
<s>are they petite things not worth our notice, or grand and <lb/>worthy of con&longs;ideration?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL They are principal, noble, integral bodies of the Uni­<lb/>ver&longs;e, mo&longs;t va&longs;t and con&longs;iderable.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>And Motion, and Re&longs;t, what accidents are they in <lb/>Nature?<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg289"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg289"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Motion and re&longs;t <lb/>principal accidents <lb/>in nature.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>So great and principal, that Nature her &longs;elf is defined <lb/>by them.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>So that moving eternally, and the being wholly immo­<lb/>veable are two conditions very con&longs;iderable in Nature, and indi­<lb/>cate very great diver&longs;ity; and e&longs;pecially when a&longs;cribed to the <lb/>principal bodies of the Univer&longs;e, from which can en&longs;ue none but <lb/>very different events.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>Yea doubtle&longs;&longs;e.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>Now an&longs;wer me to another point. </s>
<s>Do you believe that <lb/>in <emph type="italics"/>Logick, Rhethorick,<emph.end type="italics"/> the <emph type="italics"/>Phy&longs;icks, Metaphy&longs;icks, Mathematicks,<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>and finally, in the univer&longs;ality of Di&longs;putations there are arguments <lb/>&longs;ufficient to per&longs;wade and demon&longs;trate to a per&longs;on the fallacious, <lb/>no le&longs;&longs;e then the true conclu&longs;ions?</s></p><p type="main">
<s><arrow.to.target n="marg290"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg290"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Vntruths cannot <lb/>be demonstrated, <lb/>as Truths are.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>No Sir; rather I am very confident and certain, that <lb/>for the proving of a true and nece&longs;&longs;ary conclu&longs;ion, there are in </s></p><p type="main">
<s><arrow.to.target n="marg291"></arrow.to.target><lb/>nature not onely one, but many very powerfull demon&longs;trations: <lb/>and that one may di&longs;cu&longs;&longs;e and handle the &longs;ame divers and &longs;undry <lb/>wayes, without ever falling into any ab&longs;urdity; and that the more <lb/>any Sophi&longs;t would di&longs;turb and muddy it, the more clear would its <lb/>certainty appear: And that on the contrary to make a fal&longs;e po&longs;i­<lb/>tion pa&longs;&longs;e for true, and to per&longs;wade the belief thereof, there can­<lb/>not be any thing produced but fallacies, Sophi&longs;ms, Paralogi&longs;mes, <lb/>Equivocations, and Di&longs;cour&longs;es vain, incon&longs;i&longs;tant, and full of re­<lb/>pugnances and contradictions.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg291"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>For proof of true <lb/>conclu&longs;ions, many <lb/>&longs;olid arguments <lb/>may be produced, <lb/>but to prove a fal­<lb/>&longs;ity, none.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>Now if eternal motion, and eternal re&longs;t be &longs;o princi­<lb/>pal accidents of Nature, and &longs;o different, that there can depend <lb/>on them only mo&longs;t different con&longs;equences, and e&longs;pecially when <pb pagenum="113"/>applyed to the Sun, and to the Earth, &longs;o va&longs;t and famous bodies <lb/>of the Univer&longs;e; and it being, moreover, impo&longs;&longs;ible, that one of <lb/>two contradictory Propo&longs;itions, &longs;hould not be true, and the other <lb/>fal&longs;e; and that for proof of the fal&longs;e one, any thing can be pro­<lb/>duced but fallacies; but the true one being per&longs;wadeable by all <lb/>kind of concluding and demon&longs;trative arguments, why &longs;hould <lb/>you think that he, of you two, who &longs;hall be &longs;o fortunate as to <lb/>maintain the true Propo&longs;ition ought not to per&longs;wade me? </s>
<s>You <lb/>mu&longs;t &longs;uppo&longs;e me to be of a &longs;tupid wit, perver&longs;e judgment, dull <lb/>mind and intellect, and of a blind rea&longs;on, that I &longs;hould not be <lb/>able to di&longs;tingui&longs;h light from darkne&longs;&longs;e, jewels from coals, or <lb/>truth from fal&longs;hood.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>I tell you now, and have told you upon other <lb/>occa&longs;ions, that the be&longs;t Ma&longs;ter to teach us how to di&longs;cern So­<lb/>phi&longs;mes, Paralogi&longs;mes, and other fallacies, was <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> who <lb/>in this particular can never be deceived.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>You in&longs;i&longs;t upon <emph type="italics"/>Aristotle,<emph.end type="italics"/> who cannot &longs;peak. </s>
<s>Yet I <lb/>tell you, that if <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> were here, he would either yield him­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg292"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;elf to be per&longs;waded by us, or refuting our arguments, convince <lb/>us by better of his own. </s>
<s>And you your &longs;elf, when you heard the <lb/>experiments of the Suns related, did you not acknowledg and <lb/>admire them, and confe&longs;&longs;e them more concludent than tho&longs;e of <lb/><emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle?<emph.end type="italics"/> Yet neverthele&longs;&longs;e I cannot perceive that <emph type="italics"/>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>who hath produced them, examined them, and with exqui&longs;ite <lb/>care &longs;can'd them, doth confe&longs;&longs;e him&longs;elf per&longs;waded by them; no <lb/>nor by others of greater force, which he intimated that he was <lb/>about to give us an account of. </s>
<s>And I know not on what grounds <lb/>you &longs;hould cen&longs;ure Nature, as one that for many Ages hath <lb/>been lazie, and forgetful to produce &longs;peculative <emph type="italics"/>wits<emph.end type="italics"/>; and <lb/>that knoweth not how to make more &longs;uch, unle&longs;&longs;e they be &longs;uch <lb/>kind of men as &longs;lavi&longs;hly giving up their judgments to <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> do <lb/>under&longs;tand with his brain, and re&longs;ent with his &longs;en&longs;es. </s>
<s>But let us <lb/>hear the re&longs;idue of tho&longs;e rea&longs;ons which favour his opinion, that <lb/>we may thereupon proceed to &longs;peak to them; comparing and <lb/>weighing them in the ballance of impartiality.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg292"></margin.target>Ari&longs;totle <emph type="italics"/>would <lb/>either refute his <lb/>adver&longs;aries argu­<lb/>ments, or would <lb/>alter his opinion.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>Before I proceed any farther, I mu&longs;t tell <emph type="italics"/>Sagredus,<emph.end type="italics"/> that <lb/>in the&longs;e our Di&longs;putations, I per&longs;onate the <emph type="italics"/>Copernican,<emph.end type="italics"/>, and imi­<lb/>tate him, as if I were his <emph type="italics"/>Zany<emph.end type="italics"/>; but what hath been effected in <lb/>my private thoughts by the&longs;e arguments which I &longs;eem to alledg in <lb/>his favour, I would not have you to judg by what I &longs;ay, whil'&longs;t <lb/>I am in the heat of acting my part in the Fable; but after I have <lb/>laid by my di&longs;gui&longs;e, for you may chance to find me different <lb/>from what you &longs;ee me upon the Stage. </s>
<s>Now let us go on.</s></p><p type="main">
<s><emph type="italics"/>Ptolomy<emph.end type="italics"/> and his followers produce another experiment like to <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg293"></arrow.to.target><lb/>that of the Projections, and it is of things that being &longs;eparated <pb pagenum="114"/>from the Earth, continue a good &longs;pace of time in the Air, &longs;uch <lb/>as are the Clouds, Birds of flight; and as of them it cannot be <lb/>&longs;aid that they are rapt or tran&longs;parted by the Earth, having no ad­<lb/>he&longs;ion thereto, it &longs;eems not po&longs;&longs;ible, that they &longs;hould be able to <lb/>keep pace with the velocity thereof; nay it &longs;hould rather &longs;eem <lb/>to us, that they all &longs;wiftly move towards the We&longs;t: And if <lb/>being carried about by the Earth, pa&longs;&longs;e our parallel in twenty <lb/>four hours, which yet is at lea&longs;t &longs;ixteen thou&longs;and miles, how can <lb/>Birds follow &longs;uch a cour&longs;e or revolution? </s>
<s>Whereas on the con­<lb/>trary, we &longs;ee them fly as well towards the Ea&longs;t, as towards the <lb/>We&longs;t, or any other part, without any &longs;en&longs;ible difference. </s>
<s>More­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg294"></arrow.to.target><lb/>over, if when we run a Hor&longs;e at his &longs;peed, we feel the air beat <lb/>vehemently again&longs;t our face, what an impetuous bla&longs;t ought we <lb/>perpetually to feel from the Ea&longs;t, being carried with &longs;o rapid a <lb/>cour&longs;e again&longs;t the wind? </s>
<s>and yet no &longs;uch effect is perceived. </s>
<s>Take <lb/>another very ingenious argument inferred from the following ex­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg295"></arrow.to.target><lb/>periment. </s>
<s>The circular motion hath a faculty to extrude and di&longs;­<lb/>&longs;ipate from its Centre the parts of the moving body, when&longs;oever <lb/>either the motion is not very &longs;low, or tho&longs;e parts are not very <lb/>well fa&longs;tened together; and therefore, if <emph type="italics"/>v. </s>
<s>g.<emph.end type="italics"/> we &longs;hould turn <lb/>one of tho&longs;e great wheels very fa&longs;t about, wherein one or more <lb/>men walking, crane up very great weights, as the huge ma&longs;&longs;ie <lb/>&longs;tone, u&longs;ed by the Callander for pre&longs;&longs;ing of Cloaths; or the <lb/>fraighted Barks which being haled on &longs;hore, are hoi&longs;ted out of <lb/>one river into another; in ca&longs;e the parts of that &longs;ame Wheel &longs;o <lb/>&longs;wiftly turn'd round, be not very well joyn'd and pin'd together, <lb/>they would all be &longs;hattered to pieces; and though many &longs;tones or <lb/>other ponderous &longs;ub&longs;tances, &longs;hould be very fa&longs;t bound to its outward <lb/>Rimme, yet could they not re&longs;i&longs;t the impetuo&longs;ity, which with <lb/>great violence would hurl them every way far from the Wheel, <lb/>and con&longs;equently from its Centre. </s>
<s>So that if the Earth did move <lb/>with &longs;uch and &longs;o much greater velocity, what gravity, what tena­<lb/>city of lime or plai&longs;ter would keep together Stones, Buildings, and <lb/>whole Cities, that they &longs;hould not be to&longs;t into the Air by &longs;o pre­<lb/>cipitous a motion? </s>
<s>And both men and bea&longs;ts, which are not fa­<lb/>&longs;tened to the Earth, how could they re&longs;i&longs;t &longs;o great an <emph type="italics"/>impetus<emph.end type="italics"/>? <lb/></s>
<s>Whereas, on the other &longs;ide, we &longs;ee both the&longs;e, and far le&longs;&longs;e re­<lb/>&longs;i&longs;tances of pebles, &longs;ands, leaves re&longs;t quietly on the Earth, and <lb/>to return to it in falling, though with a very &longs;low motion. </s>
<s>See <lb/>here, <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> the mo&longs;t potent arguments, taken, to &longs;o &longs;peak, <lb/>from things Terre&longs;trial; there remain tho&longs;e of the other kind, <lb/>namely, &longs;uch as have relation to the appearances of Heaven, <lb/>which rea&longs;ons, to confe&longs;&longs;e the truth, tend more to prove the <lb/>Earth to be in the centre of the Univer&longs;e, and con&longs;equently, to <lb/>deprive it of the annual motion about the &longs;ame, a&longs;cribed unto it <pb pagenum="115"/>by <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus.<emph.end type="italics"/> Which arguments, as being of &longs;omewhat a di&longs;te­<lb/>rent nature, may be produced, after we have examined the <lb/>&longs;trength of the&longs;e already propounded.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg293"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>An argument <lb/>taken from the <lb/>Clouds, and from <lb/>Birds.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg294"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>An argument <lb/>taken from the air <lb/>which we feel to <lb/>beat upon us when <lb/>we run a Hor&longs;e at <lb/>full &longs;peed.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg295"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>An argument <lb/>taken from the <lb/>whirling of circu­<lb/>lar motion, which <lb/>hath a faculty to <lb/>extrude and di&longs;&longs;i­<lb/>pate.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>What &longs;ay you <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/>? </s>
<s>do you think that <emph type="italics"/>Salviatus<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>is Ma&longs;ter of, and knoweth how to unfold the <emph type="italics"/>Ptolomean<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Ari­<lb/>&longs;totelian<emph.end type="italics"/> arguments? </s>
<s>Or do you think that any <emph type="italics"/>Peripatetick<emph.end type="italics"/> is e­<lb/>qually ver&longs;t in the <emph type="italics"/>Copernican<emph.end type="italics"/> demon&longs;trations?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>Were it not for the high e&longs;teem, that the pa&longs;t di&longs;cour­<lb/>&longs;es have begot in me of the learning of <emph type="italics"/>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"/> and of the a­<lb/>cutene&longs;&longs;e of <emph type="italics"/>Sagredus,<emph.end type="italics"/> I would by their good leave have gone my <lb/>way without &longs;taying for their an&longs;wers; it &longs;eeming to me a thing <lb/>impo&longs;&longs;ible, that &longs;o palpable experiments &longs;hould be contradicted; <lb/>and would, without hearing them farther, con&longs;irm my &longs;elf in my <lb/>old per&longs;wa&longs;ion; for though I &longs;hould be made to &longs;ee that it was er­<lb/>roneous, its being upheld by &longs;o many probable rea&longs;ons, would ren­<lb/>der it excu&longs;eable. </s>
<s>And if the&longs;e are fallacies, what true demon&longs;tra­<lb/>tions were ever &longs;o fair?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>Yet its good that we hear the re&longs;pon&longs;ions of <emph type="italics"/>Salviatus<emph.end type="italics"/>; <lb/>which if they be true, mu&longs;t of nece&longs;&longs;ity be more fair, and that by <lb/>in&longs;inite degrees; and tho&longs;e mu&longs;t be deformed, yea mo&longs;t deformed, <lb/>if the Metaphy &longs;ical Axiome hold, That true and fair are one and <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg296"></arrow.to.target><lb/>the &longs;ame thing; as al&longs;o fal&longs;e and deformed. </s>
<s>Therefore <emph type="italics"/>Salviatus<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>let's no longer lo&longs;e time.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg296"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>True and fair <lb/>are one and the <lb/>&longs;ame, as al&longs;o fal&longs;e <lb/>and deformed.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>The fir&longs;t Argument alledged by <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> if I well re­<lb/>member it, was this. </s>
<s>The Earth cannot move circularly, becau&longs;e <lb/>&longs;uch motion would be violent to the &longs;ame, and therefore not per­<lb/>petual: that it is violent, the rea&longs;on was: Becau&longs;e, that had it been <lb/>natural, its parts would likewi&longs;e naturally move round, which is <lb/>impo&longs;&longs;ible, for that it is natural for the parts thereof to move with a <lb/>right motion downwards. </s>
<s>To this my reply is, that I could glad­<lb/>ly wi&longs;h, that <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> had more cleerly expre&longs;t him&longs;elf, where he <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg297"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;aid; That its parts would likewi&longs;e move circularly; for this mo­<lb/>ving circularly is to be under&longs;tood two wayes, one is, that every <lb/>particle or atome &longs;eparated from its <emph type="italics"/>Whole<emph.end type="italics"/> would move circularly <lb/>about its particular centre, de&longs;cribing its &longs;mall Circulets; the other <lb/>is, that the whole Globe moving about its centre in twenty four <lb/>hours, the parts al&longs;o would turn about the &longs;ame centre in four and <lb/>twenty hours. </s>
<s>The fir&longs;t would be no le&longs;&longs;e an impertinency, than <lb/>if one &longs;hould &longs;ay, that every part of the circumference of a Circle <lb/>ought to be a Circle; or becau&longs;e that the Earth is Spherical, that <lb/>therefore every part thereof be a Globe, for &longs;o doth the <emph type="italics"/>Axiome<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>require: <emph type="italics"/>Eadem e&longs;t ratio totius, & partium.<emph.end type="italics"/> But if he took it in <lb/>the other &longs;en&longs;e, to wit, that the parts in imitation of the <emph type="italics"/>Whole<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>&longs;hould move naturally round the Centre of the whole Globe in <lb/>twenty four hours, I &longs;ay, that they do &longs;o; and it concerns you, <pb pagenum="116"/>in&longs;tead of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> to prove that they do not.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg297"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The an&longs;wer to<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>Ari&longs;totles <emph type="italics"/>fir&longs;t ar­<lb/>gument.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>This is proved by <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> in the &longs;ame place, when he <lb/>&longs;aith, that the natural motion of the parts is the right motion <lb/>downwards to the centre of the Univer&longs;e; &longs;o that the circular <lb/>motion cannot naturally agree therewith.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>But do not you &longs;ee, that tho&longs;e very words carry in them <lb/>a confutation of this &longs;olution?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. How? </s>
<s>and where?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>Doth not he &longs;ay that the circular motion of the Earth <lb/>would be violent? </s>
<s>and therefore not eternal? </s>
<s>and that this is ab­<lb/>&longs;urd, for that the order of the World is eternal?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>He &longs;aith &longs;o.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>But if that which is violent cannot be eternal, then by <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg298"></arrow.to.target><lb/>conver&longs;ion, that which cannot be eternal, cannot be natural: but <lb/>the motion of the Earth downwards cannot be otherwi&longs;e eternal; <lb/>therefore much le&longs;&longs;e can it be natural: nor can any other motion <lb/>be natural to it, &longs;ave onely that which is eternal. </s>
<s>But if we make <lb/>the Earth move with a circular motion, this may be eternal to it, <lb/>and to its parts, and therefore natural.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg298"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>That which is <lb/>violent, cannot be <lb/>eternal, and that <lb/>which cannot be e­<lb/>ternal, cannot be <lb/>natural.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>The right motion is mo&longs;t natural to the parts of the <lb/>Earth, and is to them eternal; nor &longs;hall it ever happen that they <lb/>move not with a right motion; alwayes provided that the impe­<lb/>diments be removed.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>You equivocate <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/>; and I will try to free you <lb/>from the equivoke. </s>
<s>Tell me, therefore, do you think that a <lb/>Ship which &longs;hould &longs;ail from the Strait of <emph type="italics"/>Gibralter<emph.end type="italics"/> towards <emph type="italics"/>Pale­<lb/>&longs;tina<emph.end type="italics"/> can eternally move towards that Coa&longs;t? </s>
<s>keeping alwayes an <lb/>equal cour&longs;e?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>No doubtle&longs;&longs;e.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>And why not?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>Becau&longs;e that Voyage is bounded and terminated be­<lb/>tween the <emph type="italics"/>Herculean<emph.end type="italics"/> Pillars, and the &longs;hore of the <emph type="italics"/>Holy-land<emph.end type="italics"/>; and <lb/>the di&longs;tance being limited, it is pa&longs;t in a finite time, unle&longs;&longs;e one by <lb/>returning back &longs;hould with a contrary motion begin the &longs;ame Voy­<lb/>age anew; but this would be an interrupted and no continued <lb/>motion.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>Very true. </s>
<s>But the Navigation from the Strait of <emph type="italics"/>Ma­<lb/>galanes<emph.end type="italics"/> by the <emph type="italics"/>Pacifick<emph.end type="italics"/> Ocean, the <emph type="italics"/>Moluccha's,<emph.end type="italics"/> the Cape <emph type="italics"/>di buona <lb/>Speranza,<emph.end type="italics"/> and from thence by the &longs;ame Strait, and then again by <lb/>the <emph type="italics"/>Pacifick<emph.end type="italics"/> Ocean, &c. </s>
<s>do you believe that it may be perpe­<lb/>tuated?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>It may; for this being a circumgyration, which re­<lb/>turneth about its &longs;elf, with infinite replications, it may be perpetu­<lb/>ated without any interruption.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>A Ship then may in this Voyage continue &longs;ailing eter­<lb/>nally.</s></p><pb pagenum="117"/><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>It may, in ca&longs;e the Ship were incorruptible, but the <lb/>Ship decaying, the Navigation mu&longs;t of nece&longs;&longs;ity come to an end.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>But in the Mediterrane, though the Ve&longs;&longs;el were incor­<lb/>ruptible, yet could &longs;he not &longs;ail perpetually towards <emph type="italics"/>Pale&longs;tina,<emph.end type="italics"/> that <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg299"></arrow.to.target><lb/>Voyage being determined. </s>
<s>Two things then are required, to the <lb/>end a moveable may without intermi&longs;&longs;ion move perpetually; the <lb/>one is, that the motion may of its own nature be indeterminate and <lb/>infinite; the other, that the moveable be likewi&longs;e incorruptible <lb/>and eternal.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg299"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Two things re­<lb/>qui&longs;ite to the end a <lb/>motion may per­<lb/>petuate it &longs;elf; an <lb/>unlimited &longs;pace, <lb/>and an incorrupti­<lb/>ble moveable.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>All this is nece&longs;&longs;ary.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>Therefore you may &longs;ee how of your own accord you <lb/>have confe&longs;&longs;ed it impo&longs;&longs;ible that any moveable &longs;hould move eter­<lb/>nally in a right line, in regard that right motion, whether it be up­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg300"></arrow.to.target><lb/>wards, or downwards, is by you your &longs;elf bounded by the circum­<lb/>ference and centre; &longs;o that if a Moveable, as &longs;uppo&longs;e the Earth <lb/>be eternal, yet fora&longs;much as the right motion is not of its own na­<lb/>ture eternall, but mo&longs;t ^{*}terminate, it cannot naturally &longs;uit with <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg301"></arrow.to.target><lb/>the Earth. </s>
<s>Nay, as was &longs;aid ^{*} ye&longs;terday, <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> him&longs;elf is <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg302"></arrow.to.target><lb/>con&longs;trained to make the Terre&longs;trial Globe eternally immoveable. <lb/></s>
<s>When again you &longs;ay, that the parts of the Earth evermore move <lb/>downwards, all impediments being removed, you egregiou&longs;ly equi­<lb/>vocate; for then, on the other &longs;ide they mu&longs;t be impeded, contra­<lb/>ried, and forced, if you would have them move; for, when they <lb/>are once fallen to the ground, they mu&longs;t be violently thrown up­<lb/>wards, that they may a &longs;econd time fall; and as to the impedi­<lb/>ments, the&longs;e only hinder its arrival at the centre; but if there were <lb/>a <emph type="italics"/>Well,<emph.end type="italics"/> that did pa&longs;&longs;e thorow and beyond the centre, yet would not <lb/>a clod of Earth pa&longs;&longs;e beyond it, unle&longs;&longs;e ina&longs;much as being tran&longs;­<lb/>ported by its <emph type="italics"/>impetus,<emph.end type="italics"/> it &longs;hould pa&longs;&longs;e the &longs;ame to return thither a­<lb/>gain, and in the end there to re&longs;t. </s>
<s>As therefore to the defending, <lb/>that the motion by a right line doth or can agree naturally neither <lb/>to the Earth, nor to any other moveable, whil'&longs;t the Univer&longs;e re­<lb/>taineth its perfect order, I would have you take no further paines a­<lb/>bout it, but (unle&longs;&longs;e you will grant them the circular motion) <lb/>your be&longs;t way will be to defend and maintain their immobility.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg300"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Right motion <lb/>cannot be eternal, <lb/>and con&longs;equently <lb/>cannot be natural <lb/>to the Earth.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg301"></margin.target>* Terminati&longs;&longs;imo.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg302"></margin.target>* By this expre&longs;&longs;i­<lb/>on he every where <lb/>means the prece­<lb/>ding Dialogue, or <lb/><emph type="italics"/>Giornata.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>As to their immoveablene&longs;&longs;e, the arguments of <emph type="italics"/>Ari­<lb/>&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> and moreover tho&longs;e alledged by your &longs;elf &longs;eem in my opini­<lb/>on nece&longs;&longs;arily to conclude the &longs;ame, as yet; and I conceive it will <lb/>be a hard matter to refute them.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>Come we therefore to the &longs;econd Argument, which was, <lb/>That tho&longs;e bodies, which we are a&longs;&longs;ured do move circularly, have <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg303"></arrow.to.target><lb/>more than one motion, unle&longs;&longs;e it be the <emph type="italics"/>Primum Mobile<emph.end type="italics"/>; and <lb/>therefore, if the Earth did move circularly, it ought to have two <lb/>motions; from which alterations would follow in the ri&longs;ing and <lb/>&longs;etting of the Fixed Stars: Which effect is not perceived to en&longs;ue. <pb pagenum="118"/>Therefore, &c. </s>
<s>The mo&longs;t proper and genuine an&longs;wer to this Alle­<lb/>gation is contained in the Argument it &longs;elf; and even <emph type="italics"/>Aristotle<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>puts it in our mouths, which it is impo&longs;&longs;ible, <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> that you <lb/>&longs;hould not have &longs;een.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg303"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The an&longs;wer to <lb/>the &longs;econd argu­<lb/>ment.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>I neither have &longs;een it, nor do I yet apprehend it.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>This cannot be, &longs;ure, the thing is &longs;o very plain.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>I will with your leave, ca&longs;t an eye upon the <emph type="italics"/>Text.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>We will command the <emph type="italics"/>Text<emph.end type="italics"/> to be brought forthwith.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>I alwayes carry it about with me: See here it is, and <lb/>I know the place perfectly well, which is in <emph type="italics"/>lib.
2. De Cælo, cap.<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>16. Here it is, <emph type="italics"/>Text<emph.end type="italics"/> 97. <emph type="italics"/>Preterea omnia, quæ feruntur latione <lb/>circulari &longs;ubdeficere videntur, ac moveri pluribus una latione, <lb/>præter primam Sphæram; quare & Terram nece&longs;&longs;ariam e&longs;t, &longs;ive <lb/>circa medium, &longs;ive in medio po&longs;ita feratur, duabus moveri <lb/>lationibus. </s>
<s>Si autem hoc acciderit, nece&longs;&longs;ariam e&longs;t fieri muta­<lb/>tiones, ac conver&longs;iones fixorum a&longs;trorum. </s>
<s>Hoc autem non vide­<lb/>tur ficri, &longs;ed &longs;emper eadem, apud eadem loca ip&longs;ius, & oriun­<lb/>tur, & occidunt.<emph.end type="italics"/> [In Engli&longs;h thus:] Furthermore all that are <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg304"></arrow.to.target><lb/>carried with circular motion, &longs;eem to ^{*} fore&longs;low, and to move <lb/>with more than one motion, except the fir&longs;t Sphere; wherefore <lb/>it is nece&longs;&longs;ary that the Earth move with two motions, whether <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg305"></arrow.to.target><lb/>it be carried about the ^{*} middle, or placed in the middle. </s>
<s>But <lb/>if it be &longs;o, there would of nece&longs;&longs;ity be alterations and conver&longs;i­<lb/>ons made among&longs;t the fixed Stars. </s>
<s>But no &longs;uch thing is &longs;een to <lb/>be done, but the &longs;ame Star doth alwayes ri&longs;e and &longs;et in the &longs;ame <lb/>place. </s>
<s>In all this I find not any falacy, and my thinks the argu­<lb/>ment is very forcible.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg304"></margin.target>* Subde&longs;icere.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg305"></margin.target>* Or Centre.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>And this new reading of the place hath confirmed me <lb/>in the fallacy of the Sillogi&longs;me, and moreover, di&longs;covered ano­<lb/>ther fal&longs;ity. </s>
<s>Therefore ob&longs;erve. </s>
<s>The Po&longs;itions, or if you will, <lb/>Conclu&longs;ions, which <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> endeavours to oppo&longs;e, are two; one <lb/>is that of tho&longs;e, who placing the Earth in the mid&longs;t of the World, <lb/>do make it move in it &longs;elf about its own centre. </s>
<s>The other is of <lb/>tho&longs;e, who con&longs;tituting it far from the middle, do make it re­<lb/>volve with a circular motion about the middle of the Univer&longs;e. <lb/></s>
<s>And both the&longs;e Po&longs;itions he conjointly impugneth with one and <lb/>the &longs;ame argument. </s>
<s>Now I affirm that he is out in both the one <lb/>and the other impugnation; and that his error again&longs;t the fir&longs;t <lb/>Po&longs;ition is an Equivoke or Paralogi&longs;me; and his mi&longs;take touch­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg306"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ing the &longs;econd is a fal&longs;e con&longs;equence. </s>
<s>Let us begin with the fir&longs;t <lb/>A&longs;&longs;ertion, which con&longs;tituteth the Earth in the mid&longs;t of the <lb/>World, and maketh it move in it &longs;elf about its own centre; and <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg307"></arrow.to.target><lb/>let us confront it with the objection of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/>; &longs;aying, All <lb/>moveables, that move circularly, &longs;eem to ^{*} fore&longs;low, and move <lb/>with more than one Byas, except the fir&longs;t Sphere (that is <emph type="italics"/>the pri-<emph.end type="italics"/><pb pagenum="119"/><emph type="italics"/>mum mobile<emph.end type="italics"/>) therefore the Earth moving about its own centre, <lb/>being placed in the middle, mu&longs;t of nece&longs;&longs;ity have two bya&longs;&longs;es, <lb/>and fore&longs;low. </s>
<s>But if this were &longs;o, it would follow, that there <lb/>&longs;hould be a variation in the ri&longs;ing and &longs;etting of the fixed Stars, <lb/>which we do not perceive to be done: Therefore the Earth doth <lb/>not move, <emph type="italics"/>&c.<emph.end type="italics"/> Here is the Paralogi&longs;me, and to di&longs;cover it, I will <lb/>argue with <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> in this manner. </s>
<s>Thou &longs;ai&longs;t, oh <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>that the Earth placed in the middle of the World, cannot move <lb/>in it &longs;elf (<emph type="italics"/>i. </s>
<s>e.<emph.end type="italics"/> upon its own <emph type="italics"/>axis<emph.end type="italics"/>) for then it would be requi&longs;ite <lb/>to allow it two bya&longs;&longs;es; &longs;o that, if it &longs;hould not be nece&longs;&longs;ary to <lb/>allow it more than one Byas onely, thou woulde&longs;t not then hold <lb/>it impo&longs;&longs;ible for it to move onely with that one; for thou would'&longs;t <lb/>unnece&longs;&longs;arily have con&longs;ined the impo&longs;&longs;ibility to the plurality of <lb/>bya&longs;&longs;es, if in ca&longs;e it had no more but one, yet it could not move <lb/>with that. </s>
<s>And becau&longs;e that of all the moveables in the World, <lb/>thou make&longs;t but one alone to move with one &longs;ole byas; and all <lb/>the re&longs;t with more than one; and this &longs;ame moveable thou af­<lb/>firme&longs;t to be the fir&longs;t Sphere, namely, that by which all the fix­<lb/>ed and erratick Stars &longs;eem harmoniou&longs;ly to move from Ea&longs;t to <lb/>We&longs;t, if in ca&longs;e the Earth may be that fir&longs;t Sphere, that by mo­<lb/>ving with one by as onely, may make the Stars appear to move <lb/>from Ea&longs;t to We&longs;t, thou wilt not deny them it: But he that af­<lb/>firmeth, that the Earth being placed in the mid&longs;t of the World, <lb/>moveth about its own Axis, a&longs;cribes unto it no other motion, <lb/>&longs;ave that by which all the Stars appear to move from Ea&longs;t to We&longs;t; <lb/>and &longs;o it cometh to be that fir&longs;t Sphere, which thou thy &longs;elf ac­<lb/>knowledge&longs;t to move with but one by as onely. </s>
<s>It is therefore ne­<lb/>ce&longs;&longs;ary, oh <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> if thou wilt conclude any thing, that thou <lb/>demon&longs;trate, that the Earth being placed in the mid&longs;t of the <lb/>World, cannot move with &longs;o much as one by as onely; or el&longs;e, <lb/>that much le&longs;&longs;e can the fir&longs;t Sphere have one &longs;ole motion; for o­<lb/>therwi&longs;e thou doe&longs;t in thy very Sillogi&longs;me both commit the falacy, <lb/>and detect it, denying, and at that very time proving the &longs;ame <lb/>thing. </s>
<s>I come now to the &longs;econd Po&longs;ition, namely, of tho&longs;e <lb/>who placing the Earth far from the mid&longs;t of the Univer&longs;e, make <lb/>it moveable about the &longs;ame; that is, make it a Planet and erra­<lb/>tick Star; again&longs;t which the argument is directed, and as to <lb/>form is concludent, but faileth in matter. </s>
<s>For it being granted, <lb/>that the Earth doth in that manner move, and that with two by­<lb/>a&longs;&longs;es, yet doth it not nece&longs;&longs;arily follow that though it were &longs;o, <lb/>it &longs;hould make alterations in the ri&longs;ings and &longs;ettings of the fixed <lb/>Stars, as I &longs;hall in its proper place declare. </s>
<s>And here I could <lb/>gladly excu&longs;e <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/>; rather I could highly applaud him for ha­<lb/>ving light upon the mo&longs;t &longs;ubtil argument that could be produced <lb/>again&longs;t the <emph type="italics"/>Copernican Hypothe&longs;is<emph.end type="italics"/>; and if the objection be inge­<pb pagenum="120"/>nious, and to outward appearance mo&longs;t powerful, you may &longs;ee <lb/>how much more acute and ingenious the &longs;olution mu&longs;t be, and <lb/>not to be found by a wit le&longs;&longs;e piercing than that of <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"/>; <lb/>and again from the difficulty in under&longs;tanding it, you may argue <lb/>the &longs;o much greater difficulty in finding it. </s>
<s>But let us for the pre­<lb/>&longs;ent &longs;u&longs;pend our an&longs;wer, which you &longs;hall under&longs;tand in due time <lb/>and place, after we have repeated the objection of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> and <lb/>that in his favour, much &longs;trengthened. </s>
<s>Now pa&longs;&longs;e we to <emph type="italics"/>Ari-<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg308"></arrow.to.target><lb/><emph type="italics"/>&longs;totles<emph.end type="italics"/> third Argument, touching which we need give no farther <lb/>reply, it having been &longs;ufficiently an&longs;wered betwixt the di&longs;cour&longs;es <lb/>of ye&longs;terday and to day: In as much as he urgeth, that the mo­<lb/>tion of grave bodies is naturally by a right line to the centre; and <lb/>then enquireth, whether to the centre of the Earth, or to that <lb/>of the Univer&longs;e, and concludeth that they tend naturally to the <lb/>centre of the Univer&longs;e, but accidentally to that of the Earth. <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg309"></arrow.to.target><lb/>Therefore we may proceed to the fourth, upon which its requi&longs;ite <lb/>that we &longs;tay &longs;ome time, by rea&longs;on it is founded upon that expe­<lb/>riment, from whence the greater part of the remaining argu­<lb/>ments derive all their &longs;trength. <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;aith therefore, that it is <lb/>a mo&longs;t convincing argument of the Earths immobility, to &longs;ee <lb/>that projections thrown or &longs;hot upright, return perpendicularly <lb/>by the &longs;ame line unto the &longs;ame place from whence they were &longs;hot <lb/>or thrown. </s>
<s>And this holdeth true, although the motion be of a <lb/>very great height; which could never come to pa&longs;&longs;e, did the <lb/>Earth move: for in the time that the projected body is moving <lb/>upwards and downwards in a &longs;tate of &longs;eparation from the Earth, <lb/>the place from whence the motion of the projection began, would <lb/>be pa&longs;t, by means of the Earths revolution, a great way to­<lb/>wards the Ea&longs;t, and look how great that &longs;pace was, &longs;o far from <lb/>that place would the projected body in its de&longs;cent come to the <lb/>ground. </s>
<s>So that hither may be referred the argument taken from <lb/>a bullet &longs;hot from a Canon directly upwards; as al&longs;o that other <lb/>u&longs;ed by <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Ptolomy,<emph.end type="italics"/> of the grave bodies that falling <lb/>from on high, are ob&longs;erved to de&longs;cend by a direct and perpendicu­<lb/>lar line to the &longs;urface of the Earth. </s>
<s>Now that I may begin to untie <lb/>the&longs;e knots, I demand of <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> that in ca&longs;e one &longs;hould deny <lb/>to <emph type="italics"/>Ptolomy<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> that weights in falling freely from on <lb/>high, de&longs;cend by a right and perpendicular line, that is, directly <lb/>to the centre, what means he would u&longs;e to prove it?</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg306"></margin.target>Ari&longs;totles <emph type="italics"/>argu­<lb/>ment again&longs;t the <lb/>Earths motion, is <lb/>defective in two <lb/>things<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg307"></margin.target>* The &longs;ame word <lb/>which a little above <lb/>I tendred &longs;tay <gap/>e­<lb/>hind, as a bowle <lb/>when it meets with <lb/>ruls.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg308"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The an&longs;wer to <lb/>the third argu­<lb/>ment.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg309"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The an&longs;wer to <lb/>the fourth argu­<lb/>ment.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>The means of the &longs;en&longs;es; the which a&longs;&longs;ureth us, that <lb/>that Tower or other altitude, is upright and perpendicular, and <lb/>&longs;heweth us that that &longs;tone, or other grave body, doth &longs;lide along <lb/>the Wall, without inclining a hairs breadth to one &longs;ide or ano­<lb/>ther, and light at the foot thereof ju&longs;t under the place from whence <lb/>it was let fall.</s></p><pb pagenum="121"/><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>But if it &longs;hould happen that the Terre&longs;trial Globe did <lb/>move round, and con&longs;equently carry the Tower al&longs;o along with <lb/>it, and that the &longs;tone did then al&longs;o grate and &longs;lide along the &longs;ide of <lb/>the Tower, what mu&longs;t its motion be then?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>In this ca&longs;e we may rather &longs;ay its motions: for it <lb/>would have one wherewith to de&longs;cend from the top of the Tower <lb/>to the bottom, and &longs;hould nece&longs;&longs;arily have another to follow the <lb/>cour&longs;e of the &longs;aid Tower.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>So that its motion &longs;hould be compounded of two, to <lb/>wit, of that wherewith it mea&longs;ureth the Tower, and of that o­<lb/>ther wherewith it followeth the &longs;ame: From which compo&longs;ition <lb/>would follow, that the &longs;tone would no longer de&longs;cribe that &longs;imple <lb/>right and perpendicular line, but one tran&longs;ver&longs;e, and perhaps not <lb/>&longs;treight.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>I can &longs;ay nothing of its non-rectitude, but this I know <lb/>very well, that it would of nece&longs;&longs;ity be tran&longs;ver&longs;e, and different <lb/>from the other directly perpendicular, which it doth de&longs;cribe, the <lb/>Earth &longs;tanding &longs;till.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>You &longs;ee then, that upon the meer ob&longs;erving the falling <lb/>&longs;tone to glide along the Tower, you cannot certainly affirm that <lb/>it de&longs;cribeth a line which is &longs;treight and perpendicular, unle&longs;s you <lb/>fir&longs;t &longs;uppo&longs;e that the Earth &longs;tandeth &longs;till.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. True; for if the Earth &longs;hould move, the &longs;tones mo­<lb/>tion would be tran&longs;ver&longs;e, and not perpendicular.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>Behold then the Paralogi&longs;m of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Ptolomey<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg310"></arrow.to.target><lb/>to be evident and manife&longs;t, and di&longs;covered by you your &longs;elf, <lb/>wherein that is &longs;uppo&longs;ed for known, which is intended to be de­<lb/>mon&longs;trated.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg310"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The Paralogi&longs;m <lb/>of<emph.end type="italics"/> Ari&longs;totle <emph type="italics"/>and<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>Ptolomey <emph type="italics"/>in &longs;up­<lb/>po&longs;ing that for <lb/>known, which is in <lb/>que&longs;tion.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>How can that be? </s>
<s>To me it appeareth that the <lb/>Syllogi&longs;m is rightly demon&longs;trated without <emph type="italics"/>petitionem principii.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>You &longs;hall &longs;ee how it is; an&longs;wer me a little. </s>
<s>Doth he <lb/>not lay down the conclu&longs;ion as unknown?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. Unknown; why otherwi&longs;e the demon&longs;trating it would <lb/>be &longs;uperfluous.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>But the middle term, ought not that to be known?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>Its nece&longs;&longs;ary that it &longs;hould; for otherwi&longs;e it would be <lb/>a proving <emph type="italics"/>ignotum per æquè ignotum.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>Our conclu&longs;ion which is to be proved, and which is un­<lb/>known, is it not the &longs;tability of the Earth?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>It is the &longs;ame.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>The middle term, which ought to be known, is it not the <lb/>&longs;treight and perpendicular de&longs;cent of the &longs;tone?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>It is &longs;o.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>But was it not ju&longs;t now concluded, that we can have <lb/>no certain knowledg whether that &longs;ame &longs;hall be direct and perpen­<pb pagenum="122"/>dicular, unle&longs;s we fir&longs;t know that the Earth &longs;tands &longs;till? </s>
<s>Therefore <lb/>in your Syllogi&longs;m the certainty of the middle term is a&longs;&longs;umed <lb/>from the uncertainty of the conclu&longs;ion. </s>
<s>You may &longs;ee then, what <lb/>and how great the Paralogi&longs;m is.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>I would, in favour of <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> defend <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> if it <lb/>were po&longs;&longs;ible, or at lea&longs;t better &longs;atisfie my &longs;elf concerning the <lb/>&longs;trength of your illation. </s>
<s>You &longs;ay, that the &longs;eeing the &longs;tone rake <lb/>along the Tower, is not &longs;ufficient to a&longs;&longs;ure us, that its motion is <lb/>perpendicular (which is the middle term of the Syllogi&longs;m) unle&longs;s <lb/>it be pre&longs;uppo&longs;ed, that the Earth &longs;tandeth &longs;till, which is the con­<lb/>clu&longs;ion to be proved: For that if the Tower did move together <lb/>with the Earth, and the &longs;tone did &longs;lide along the &longs;ame, the motion <lb/>of the &longs;tone would be tran&longs;ver&longs;e, and not perpendicular. </s>
<s>But I <lb/>&longs;hall an&longs;wer, that &longs;hould the Tower move, it would be impo&longs;&longs;ible <lb/>that the &longs;tone &longs;hould fall gliding along the &longs;ide of it; and there­<lb/>fore from its falling in that manner the &longs;tability of the Earth is in­<lb/>ferred.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>It is &longs;o; for if you would have the &longs;tone in de&longs;cend­<lb/>ing to grate upon the Tower, though it were carried round by <lb/>the Earth, you mu&longs;t allow the &longs;tone two natural motions, to wit, <lb/>the &longs;traight motion towards the Centre, and the circular about <lb/>the Centre, the which is impo&longs;&longs;ible.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totles<emph.end type="italics"/> defen&longs;e then con&longs;i&longs;teth in the impo&longs;&longs;ibilitie, <lb/>or at lea&longs;t in his e&longs;teeming it an impo&longs;&longs;ibility, that the &longs;tone &longs;hould <lb/>move with a motion mixt of right and circular: for if he did <lb/>not hold it impo&longs;&longs;ible that the &longs;tone could move to the Centre, <lb/>and about the Centre at once, he mu&longs;t have under&longs;tood, that it <lb/>might come to pa&longs;s that the cadent &longs;tone might in its de&longs;cent, race <lb/>the Tower as well when it moved as when it &longs;tood &longs;till; and con­<lb/>&longs;equently he mu&longs;t have perceived, that from this grating nothing <lb/>could be inferred touching the mobility or immobility of the <lb/>Earth. </s>
<s>But this doth not any way excu&longs;e <emph type="italics"/>Aristotle<emph.end type="italics"/>; a&longs;well be­<lb/>cau&longs;e he ought to have expre&longs;t it, if he had had &longs;uch a conceit, it <lb/>being &longs;o material a part of his Argument; as al&longs;o becau&longs;e it can <lb/>neither be &longs;aid that &longs;uch an effect is impo&longs;&longs;ible, nor that <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>did e&longs;teem it &longs;o. </s>
<s>The fir&longs;t cannot be affirmed, for that by and <lb/>by I &longs;hall &longs;hew that it is not onely po&longs;&longs;ible, but nece&longs;&longs;ary: nor <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg311"></arrow.to.target><lb/>much le&longs;s can the &longs;econd be averred, for that <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> him&longs;elf <lb/>granteth fire to move naturally upwards in a right line, and to <lb/>move about with the diurnal motion, imparted by Heaven to the <lb/>whole Element of Fire, and the greater part of the Air: If there­<lb/>fore he held it not impo&longs;&longs;ible to mix the right motion upwards, <lb/>with the circular communicated to the Fire and Air from the con­<lb/>cave of the Moon, much le&longs;s ought he to account impo&longs;&longs;ible the <lb/>mixture of the right motion downwards of the &longs;tone, with the <pb pagenum="123"/>circular which we pre&longs;uppo&longs;e natural to the whole Terre&longs;trial <lb/>Globe, of which the &longs;tone is a part.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg311"></margin.target>Ari&longs;totle <emph type="italics"/>admit­<lb/>teth that the Fire <lb/>moveth directly <lb/>upwards by na­<lb/>ture, and round a­<lb/>bout by participa­<lb/>tion.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>I &longs;ee no &longs;uch thing: for if the element of Fire re­<lb/>volve round together with the Air, it is a very ea&longs;ie, yea a nece&longs;&longs;ary <lb/>thing, that a &longs;park of fire which from the Earth mounts upwards, <lb/>in pa&longs;&longs;ing thorow the moving air, &longs;hould receive the &longs;ame motion, <lb/>being a body &longs;o thin, light, and ea&longs;ie to be moved: but that a <lb/>very heavy &longs;tone, or a Canon bullet, that de&longs;cendeth from on <lb/>high, and that is at liberty to move whither it will, &longs;hould &longs;uffer <lb/>it &longs;elf to be tran&longs;ported either by the air or any other thing, is <lb/>altogether incredible. </s>
<s>Be&longs;ides that, we have the Experiment, <lb/>which is &longs;o proper to our purpo&longs;e, of the &longs;tone let fall from the <lb/>round top of the Ma&longs;t of a &longs;hip, which when the &longs;hip lyeth &longs;till, <lb/>falleth at the Partners of the Ma&longs;t; but when the &longs;hip &longs;aileth, falls <lb/>&longs;o far di&longs;tant from that place, by how far the &longs;hip in the time of <lb/>the &longs;tones falling had run forward; which will not be a few fa­<lb/>thoms, when the &longs;hips cour&longs;e is &longs;wift.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>There is a great di&longs;parity between the ca&longs;e of the Ship <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg312"></arrow.to.target><lb/>and that of the Earth, if the Terre&longs;trial Globe be &longs;uppo&longs;ed to have <lb/>a diurnal motion. </s>
<s>For it is a thing very manife&longs;t, that the mo­<lb/>tion of the Ship, as it is not natural to it, &longs;o the motion of all tho&longs;e <lb/>things that are in it is accidental, whence it is no wonder that the <lb/>&longs;tone which was retained in the round top, being left at liberty, <lb/>de&longs;cendeth downwards without any obligation to follow the mo­<lb/>tion of the Ship. </s>
<s>But the diurnal conver&longs;ion is a&longs;cribed to the <lb/>Terre&longs;trial Globe for its proper and natural motion, and con&longs;e­<lb/>quently, it is &longs;o to all the parts of the &longs;aid Globe; and, as being <lb/>impre&longs;s'd by nature, is indelible in them; and therefore that &longs;tone <lb/>that is on the top of the Tower hath an intrin&longs;ick inclination of <lb/>revolving about the Centre of its <emph type="italics"/>Whole<emph.end type="italics"/> in twenty four hours, and <lb/>this &longs;ame natural in&longs;tinct it exerci&longs;eth eternally, be it placed in any <lb/>&longs;tate what&longs;oever. </s>
<s>And to be a&longs;&longs;ured of the truth of this, you <lb/>have no more to do but to alter an antiquated impre&longs;&longs;ion made <lb/>in your mind; and to &longs;ay, Like as in that I hitherto holding it to <lb/>be the property of the Terre&longs;trial Globe to re&longs;t immoveable about <lb/>its Centre, did never doubt or que&longs;tion but that all what&longs;oever <lb/>particles thereof do al&longs;o naturally remain in the &longs;ame &longs;tate of re&longs;t: <lb/>So it is rea&longs;on, in ca&longs;e the Terre&longs;trial Globe did move round by <lb/>natural in&longs;tinct in twenty four hours, that the intrin&longs;ick and natu­<lb/>ral inclination of all its parts &longs;hould al&longs;o be, not to &longs;tand &longs;till, but <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg313"></arrow.to.target><lb/>to follow the &longs;ame revolution. </s>
<s>And thus without running into <lb/>any inconvenience, one may conclude, that in regard the motion <lb/>conferred by the force of ^{*}Oars on the Ship, and by it on all the <lb/>things that are contained within her, is not natural but forreign, it <lb/>is very rea&longs;onable that that &longs;tone, it being &longs;eparated from the &longs;hip, <pb pagenum="124"/>do reduce its &longs;elf to its natural di&longs;po&longs;ure, and return to exerci&longs;e <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg314"></arrow.to.target><lb/>its pure &longs;imple in&longs;tinct given it by nature. </s>
<s>To this I add, that <lb/>it's nece&longs;&longs;ary, that at lea&longs;t that part of the Air which is beneath the <lb/>greater heights of mountains, &longs;hould be tran&longs;ported and carried <lb/>round by the roughne&longs;s of the Earths &longs;urface; or that, as being <lb/>mixt with many Vapours, and terrene Exhalations, it do na­<lb/>turally follow the diurnal motion, which occurreth not in the <lb/>Air about the &longs;hip rowed by Oars: So that your arguing <lb/>from the &longs;hip to the Tower hath not the force of an illation; <lb/>becau&longs;e that &longs;tone which falls from the round top of the Ma&longs;t, <lb/>entereth into a <emph type="italics"/>medium,<emph.end type="italics"/> which is unconcern'd in the motion <lb/>of the &longs;hip: but that which departeth from the top of the Tower, <lb/>finds a <emph type="italics"/>medium<emph.end type="italics"/> that hath a motion in common with the whole Ter­<lb/>re&longs;trial Globe; &longs;o that without being hindred, rather being a&longs;&longs;i&longs;ted <lb/>by the motion of the air, it may follow the univer&longs;al cour&longs;e of the <lb/>Earth.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg312"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The di&longs;parity be­<lb/>tween the fall of a <lb/>&longs;tone from the <lb/>round top of a &longs;hip, <lb/>and from the top <lb/>of a tower.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg313"></margin.target>*That you may not <lb/>&longs;u&longs;pect my tran&longs;la­<lb/>tion, or wonder <lb/>what Oars have to <lb/>do with a &longs;hip, you <lb/>are to know that <lb/>the Author intends <lb/>the Gallies u&longs;ed in <lb/>the Mediterrane.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg314"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The part of the <lb/>Air inferiour to <lb/>the higher moun­<lb/>tains doth follow <lb/>the motion of the <lb/>Earth.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>I cannot conceive that the air can imprint in a very <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg315"></arrow.to.target><lb/>great &longs;tone, or in a gro&longs;s Globe of Wood or Ball of Lead, as <lb/>&longs;uppo&longs;e of two hundred weight, the motion wherewith its &longs;elf is <lb/>moved, and which it doth perhaps communicate to feathers, &longs;now, <lb/>and other very light things: nay, I &longs;ee that a weight of that na­<lb/>ture, being expo&longs;ed to any the mo&longs;t impetuous wind, is not there­<lb/>by removed an inch from its place; now con&longs;ider with your &longs;elf <lb/>whether the air will carry it along therewith.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg315"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The motion of the <lb/>Air apt to carry <lb/>with it light things <lb/>but not heavy.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>There is great difference between your experiment and <lb/>our ca&longs;e. </s>
<s>You introduce the wind blowing again&longs;t that &longs;tone, <lb/>&longs;uppo&longs;ed in a &longs;tate of re&longs;t, and we expo&longs;e to the air, which already <lb/>moveth, the &longs;tone which doth al&longs;o move with the &longs;ame velocity; <lb/>&longs;o that the air is not to conferr a new motion upon it, but onely <lb/>to maintain, or to &longs;peak better, not to hinder the motion already <lb/>acquired: you would drive the &longs;tone with a &longs;trange and preter­<lb/>natural motion, and we de&longs;ire to con&longs;erve it in its natural. </s>
<s>If <lb/>you would produce a more pertinent experiment, you &longs;hould &longs;ay, <lb/>that it is ob&longs;erved, if not with the eye of the forehead, yet with <lb/>that of the mind, what would evene, if an eagle that is carried by <lb/>the cour&longs;e of the wind, &longs;hould let a &longs;tone fall from its talons; <lb/>which, in regard that at its being let go, it went along with the <lb/>wind, and after it was let fall it entered into a <emph type="italics"/>medium<emph.end type="italics"/> that mo­<lb/>ved with equal velocity, I am very confident that it would not be <lb/>&longs;een to de&longs;cend in its fall perpendicularly, but that following the <lb/>cour&longs;e of the wind, and adding thereto that of its particular gra­<lb/>vity, it would move with a tran&longs;ver&longs;e motion.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPI. </s>
<s>But it would fir&longs;t be known how &longs;uch an experiment <lb/>may be made; and then one might judg according to the event. <lb/></s>
<s>In the mean time the effect of the &longs;hip doth hitherto incline to fa­<lb/>vour our opinion.</s></p><pb pagenum="125"/><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>Well &longs;aid you <emph type="italics"/>hitherto,<emph.end type="italics"/> for perhaps it may anon change <lb/>countenance. </s>
<s>And that I may no longer hold you in &longs;u&longs;pen&longs;e, <lb/>tell me, <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> do you really believe, that the Experiment of <lb/>the &longs;hip &longs;quares &longs;o very well with our purpo&longs;e, as that it ought to <lb/>be believed, that that which we &longs;ee happen in it, ought al&longs;o to <lb/>evene in the Terre&longs;trial Globe?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>As yet I am of that opinion; and though you have <lb/>alledged &longs;ome &longs;mall di&longs;parities, I do not think them of &longs;o great <lb/>moment, as that they &longs;hould make me change my judgment.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>I rather de&longs;ire that you would continue therein, and <lb/>hold for certain, that the effect of the Earth would exactly an&longs;wer <lb/>that of the &longs;hip: provided, that when it &longs;hall appear prejudicial to <lb/>your cau&longs;e, you would not be humorous and alter your thoughts. <lb/></s>
<s>You may haply &longs;ay, Fora&longs;much as when the &longs;hip &longs;tands &longs;till, the <lb/>&longs;tone falls at the foot of the Ma&longs;t, and when &longs;he is under &longs;ail, it <lb/>lights far from thence, that therefore by conver&longs;ion, from the &longs;tones <lb/>falling at the foot is argued the &longs;hips &longs;tanding &longs;till, and from its <lb/>falling far from thence is argued her moving; and becau&longs;e that <lb/>which occurreth to the &longs;hip, ought likewi&longs;e to befall the Earth: <lb/>that therefore from the falling of the &longs;tone at the foot of the Tow­<lb/>er is nece&longs;&longs;arily inferred the immobility of the Terre&longs;trial Globe. <lb/></s>
<s>Is not this your argumentation?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>It is; and reduced into that conci&longs;ene&longs;s, as that it is <lb/>become mo&longs;t ea&longs;ie to be apprehended.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>Now tell me; if the &longs;tone let fall from the Round­<lb/>top, when the &longs;hip is in a &longs;wift cour&longs;e, &longs;hould fall exactly in <lb/>the &longs;ame place of the &longs;hip, in which it falleth when the &longs;hip is at <lb/>anchor, what &longs;ervice would the&longs;e experiments do you, in order to <lb/>the a&longs;certaining whether the ve&longs;&longs;el doth &longs;tand &longs;till or move?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>Ju&longs;t none: Like as, for exemple, from the beating of <lb/>the pul&longs;e one cannot know whether a per&longs;on be a&longs;leep or awake, <lb/>&longs;eeing that the pul&longs;e beateth after the &longs;ame manner in &longs;leeping as <lb/>in waking.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>Very well. </s>
<s>Have you ever tryed the experiment of the <lb/>Ship?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>I have not; but yet I believe that tho&longs;e Authors <lb/>which alledg the &longs;ame, have accurately ob&longs;erved it; be&longs;ides that <lb/>the cau&longs;e of the di&longs;parity is &longs;o manife&longs;tly known, that it admits <lb/>of no que&longs;tion.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>That it is po&longs;&longs;ible that tho&longs;e Authors in&longs;tance in it, <lb/>without having made tryal of it, you your &longs;elf are a good te&longs;ti­<lb/>mony, that without having examined it, alledg it as certain, and in <lb/>a credulous way remit it to their authority; as it is now not onely <lb/>po&longs;&longs;ible, but very probable that they likewi&longs;e did; I mean, did <lb/>remit the &longs;ame to their Predece&longs;&longs;ors, without ever arriving at one <pb pagenum="126"/>that had made the experiment: for whoever &longs;hall examine the <lb/>&longs;ame, &longs;hall find the event &longs;ucceed quite contrary to what hath <lb/>been written of it: that is, he &longs;hall &longs;ee the &longs;tone fall at all times <lb/>in the &longs;ame place of the Ship, whether it &longs;tand &longs;till, or move with <lb/>any what&longs;oever velocity. </s>
<s>So that the &longs;ame holding true in the <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg316"></arrow.to.target><lb/>Earth, as in the Ship, one cannot from the &longs;tones falling perpen­<lb/>dicularly at the foot of the Tower, conclude any thing touching <lb/>the motion or re&longs;t of the Earth.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg316"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The stone falling <lb/>from the Mast of <lb/>a &longs;hip lights in the <lb/>&longs;ame place, whe­<lb/>ther the &longs;hip doth <lb/>move or ly still.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>If you &longs;hould refer me to any other means than to <lb/>experience, I verily believe our Di&longs;putations would not come to <lb/>an end in ha&longs;te; for this &longs;eemeth to me a thing &longs;o remote from all <lb/>humane rea&longs;on, as that it leaveth not the lea&longs;t place for credulity <lb/>or probability.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>And yet it hath left place in me for both.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>How is this? </s>
<s>You have not made an hundred, no nor <lb/>one proof thereof, and do you &longs;o confidently affirm it for true? <lb/></s>
<s>I for my part will return to my incredulity, and to the confidence <lb/>I had that the Experiment hath been tried by the principal Au­<lb/>thors who made u&longs;e thereof, and that the event &longs;ucceeded as they <lb/>affirm.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>I am a&longs;&longs;ured that the effect will en&longs;ue as I tell you; for &longs;o <lb/>it is nece&longs;&longs;ary that it &longs;hould: and I farther add, that you know your <lb/>&longs;elf that it cannot fall out otherwi&longs;e, however you feign or &longs;eem to <lb/>feign that you know it not. </s>
<s>Yet I am &longs;o good at taming of wits, <lb/>that I will make you confe&longs;s the &longs;ame whether you will or no. </s>
<s>But <lb/><emph type="italics"/>Sagredus<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;tands very mute, and yet, if I mi&longs;take not, I &longs;aw him <lb/>make an offer to &longs;peak &longs;omewhat.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>I had an intent to &longs;ay &longs;omething, but to tell you true, I <lb/>know not what it was; for the curio&longs;ity that you have moved in me, <lb/>by promi&longs;ing that you would force <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> to di&longs;cover the <lb/>knowledg which he would conceal from us, hath made me to de­<lb/>po&longs;e all other thoughts: therefore I pray you to make good your <lb/>vaunt.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>Provided that <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> do con&longs;ent to reply to what I <lb/>&longs;hall ask him, I will not fail to do it.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>I will an&longs;wer what I know, a&longs;&longs;ured that I &longs;hall not be <lb/>much put to it, for that of tho&longs;e things which I hold to be fal&longs;e, <lb/>I think nothing can be known, in regard that Science re&longs;pecteth <lb/>truths and not fal&longs;hoods.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>I de&longs;ire not that you &longs;hould &longs;ay or reply, that you know <lb/>any thing, &longs;ave that which you mo&longs;t a&longs;&longs;uredly know. </s>
<s>Therefore <lb/>tell me; If you had here a flat &longs;uperficies as polite as a Looking­<lb/>gla&longs;s, and of a &longs;ub&longs;tance as hard as &longs;teel, and that it were not pa­<lb/>ralel to the Horizon, but &longs;omewhat inclining, and that upon it <lb/>you did put a Ball perfectly &longs;pherical, and of a &longs;ub&longs;tance grave and <pb pagenum="127"/>hard, as &longs;uppo&longs;e of bra&longs;s; what think you it would do being let <lb/>go? </s>
<s>do not you believe (as for my part I do) that it would lie <lb/>&longs;till?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>If that &longs;uperficies were inclining?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. Yes; for &longs;o I have already &longs;uppo&longs;ed.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>I cannot conceive how it &longs;hould lie &longs;till: nay, I am <lb/>confident that it would move towards the declivity with much pro­<lb/>pen&longs;ne&longs;s.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>Take good heed what you &longs;ay, <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> for I am <lb/>confident that it would lie &longs;till in what ever place you &longs;hould lay <lb/>it.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>So long as you make u&longs;e of &longs;uch &longs;uppo&longs;itions, <emph type="italics"/>Sal­<lb/>viatus,<emph.end type="italics"/> I &longs;hall cea&longs;e to wonder if you inferr mo&longs;t ab&longs;urd con­<lb/>clu&longs;ions.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>Are you a&longs;&longs;ured, then, that it would freely move to­<lb/>wards the declivity?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>Who doubts it?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>And this you verily believe, not becau&longs;e I told you &longs;o, <lb/>(for I endeavoured to per&longs;wade you to think the contrary) but of <lb/>your &longs;elf, and upon your natural judgment.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>Now I &longs;ee what you would be at; you &longs;poke not this <lb/>as really believing the &longs;ame; but to try me, and to wre&longs;t matter <lb/>out of my own mouth wherewith to condemn me.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>You are in the right. </s>
<s>And how long would that Ball <lb/>move, and with what velocity? </s>
<s>But take notice that I in&longs;tanced <lb/>in a Ball exactly round, and a plain exqui&longs;itely poli&longs;hed, that all <lb/>external and accidental impediments might be taken away. </s>
<s>And <lb/>&longs;o would I have you remove all ob&longs;tructions cau&longs;ed by the Airs re­<lb/>&longs;i&longs;tance to divi&longs;ion, and all other ca&longs;ual ob&longs;tacles, if any other <lb/>there can be.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>I very well under&longs;tand your meaning, and as to your <lb/>demand, I an&longs;wer, that the Ball would continue to move <emph type="italics"/>in in­<lb/>finitum,<emph.end type="italics"/> if the inclination of the plain &longs;hould &longs;o long la&longs;t, and con­<lb/>tinually with an accelerating motion; for &longs;uch is the nature of <lb/>ponderous moveables, that <emph type="italics"/>vires acquirant eundo<emph.end type="italics"/>: and the great­<lb/>er the declivity was, the greater the velocity would be.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>But if one &longs;hould require that that Ball &longs;hould move <lb/>upwards on that &longs;ame &longs;uperficies, do you believe that it would <lb/>&longs;o do?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>Not &longs;pontaneou&longs;ly; but being drawn, or violently <lb/>thrown, it may.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>And in ca&longs;e it were thru&longs;t forward by the impre&longs;&longs;ion of <lb/>&longs;ome violent <emph type="italics"/>impetus<emph.end type="italics"/> from without, what and how great would <lb/>its motion be?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>The motion would go continually decrea&longs;ing and re­<pb pagenum="128"/>tarding, as being contrary to nature; and would be longer or <lb/>&longs;horter, according to the greater or le&longs;s impul&longs;e, and according to <lb/>the greater or le&longs;s acclivity.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>It &longs;eems, then, that hitherto you have explained to me <lb/>the accidents of a moveable upon two different Planes; and that <lb/>in the inclining plane, the grave moveable doth &longs;pontaneou&longs;ly de­<lb/>&longs;cend, and goeth continually accelerating, and that to retain it in <lb/>re&longs;t, force mu&longs;t be u&longs;ed therein: but that on the a&longs;cending plane, <lb/>there is required a force to thru&longs;t it forward, and al&longs;o to &longs;tay it in <lb/>re&longs;t, and that the motion impre&longs;&longs;ed goeth continually dimini&longs;hing, <lb/>till that in the end it cometh to nothing. </s>
<s>You &longs;ay yet farther, <lb/>that in both the one and the other ca&longs;e, there do ari&longs;e differences <lb/>from the planes having a greater or le&longs;s declivity or acclivity; &longs;o <lb/>that the greater inclination is attended with the greater velocity; <lb/>and contrariwi&longs;e, upon the a&longs;cending plane, the &longs;ame moveable <lb/>thrown with the &longs;ame force, moveth a greater di&longs;tance, by how <lb/>much the elevation is le&longs;s. </s>
<s>Now tell me, what would befall the <lb/>&longs;ame moveable upon a &longs;uperficies that had neither acclivity nor <lb/>declivity?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>Here you mu&longs;t give me a little time to con&longs;ider of an <lb/>an&longs;wer. </s>
<s>There being no declivity, there can be no natural incli­<lb/>nation to motion: and there being no acclivity, there can be no <lb/>re&longs;i&longs;tance to being moved; &longs;o that there would ari&longs;e an indiffe­<lb/>rence between propen&longs;ion and re&longs;i&longs;tance of motion; therefore, <lb/>methinks it ought naturally to &longs;tand &longs;till. </s>
<s>But I had forgot my <lb/>&longs;elf: it was but even now that <emph type="italics"/>Sagredus<emph.end type="italics"/> gave me to under&longs;tand <lb/>that it would &longs;o do.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>So I think, provided one did lay it down gently: but <lb/>if it had an <emph type="italics"/>impetus<emph.end type="italics"/> given it towards any part, what would fol­<lb/>low?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMP. </s>
<s>There would follow, that it &longs;hould move towards that <lb/>part.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>But with what kind of motion? </s>
<s>with the continually <lb/>accelerated, as in declining planes; or with the &longs;ucce&longs;&longs;ively re­<lb/>tarded, as in tho&longs;e a&longs;cending.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMP. </s>
<s>I cannot tell how to di&longs;cover any cau&longs;e of acceleration, <lb/>or retardation, there being no declivity or acclivity.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. Well: but if there be no cau&longs;e of retardation, much <lb/>le&longs;s ought there to be any cau&longs;e of re&longs;t. </s>
<s>How long therefore <lb/>would you have the moveable to move?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMP. </s>
<s>As long as that &longs;uperficies, neither inclined nor decli­<lb/>ned &longs;hall la&longs;t.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>Therefore if &longs;uch a &longs;pace were interminate, the motion <lb/>upon the &longs;ame would likewi&longs;e have no termination, that is, would <lb/>be perpetual.</s></p><pb pagenum="129"/><p type="main">
<s>SIMP. </s>
<s>I think &longs;o, if &longs;o be the moveable be of a matter <lb/>durable.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>That hath been already &longs;uppo&longs;ed, when it was &longs;aid, <lb/>that all external and accidental impediments were removed, and <lb/>the brittlene&longs;&longs;e of the moveable in this our ca&longs;e, is one of tho&longs;e <lb/>impediments accidental. </s>
<s>Tell me now, what do you think is the <lb/>cau&longs;e that that &longs;ame Ball moveth &longs;pontaneou&longs;ly upon the inclining <lb/>plane, and not without violence upon the erected?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMP. </s>
<s>Becau&longs;e the inclination of grave bodies is to move to­<lb/>wards the centre of the Earth, and onely by violence upwards to­<lb/>wards the circumference; and the inclining &longs;uperficies is that <lb/>which acquireth vicinity to the centre, and the a&longs;cending one, <lb/>remotene&longs;&longs;e.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>Therefore a &longs;uperficies, which &longs;hould be neither de­<lb/>clining nor a&longs;cending, ought in all its parts to be equally di­<lb/>&longs;tant from the centre. </s>
<s>But is there any &longs;uch &longs;uperficies in the <lb/>World?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMP. </s>
<s>There is no want thereof: Such is our Terre&longs;trial <lb/>Globe, if it were more even, and not as it is rough and montai­<lb/>nous; but you have that of the Water, at &longs;uch time as it is calm <lb/>and &longs;till.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>Then a &longs;hip which moveth in a calm at Sea, is one of <lb/>tho&longs;e moveables, which run along one of tho&longs;e &longs;uperficies that <lb/>are neither declining nor a&longs;cending, and therefore di&longs;po&longs;ed, in <lb/>ca&longs;e all ob&longs;tacles external and accidental were removed, to move <lb/>with the impul&longs;e once imparted ince&longs;&longs;antly and uniformly.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>It &longs;hould &longs;eem to be &longs;o.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>And that &longs;tone which is on the round top, doth not it <lb/>move, as being together with the &longs;hip carried about by the cir­<lb/>cumference of a Circle about the Centre; and therefore con&longs;e­<lb/>quently by a motion in it indelible, if all extern ob&longs;tacles be <lb/>removed? </s>
<s>And is not this motion as &longs;wift as that of the &longs;hip.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>Hitherto all is well. </s>
<s>But what followeth?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>Then in good time recant, I pray you, that your la&longs;t <lb/>conclu&longs;ion, if you are &longs;atisfied with the truth of all the pre­<lb/>mi&longs;es.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>By my la&longs;t conclu&longs;ion, you mean, That that &longs;ame <lb/>&longs;tone moving with a motion indelibly impre&longs;&longs;ed upon it, is not to <lb/>leave, nay rather is to follow the &longs;hip, and in the end to light in <lb/>the &longs;elf &longs;ame place, where it falleth when the &longs;hip lyeth &longs;till; and <lb/>&longs;o I al&longs;o grant it would do, in ca&longs;e there were no outward impe­<lb/>diments that might di&longs;turb the &longs;tones motion, after its being let <lb/>go, the which impediments are two, the one is the moveables <lb/>inability to break through the air with its meer <emph type="italics"/>impetus<emph.end type="italics"/> onely, it <lb/>being deprived of that of the &longs;trength of Oars, of which it had <pb pagenum="130"/>been partaker, as part of the &longs;hip, at the time that it was upon <lb/>the Ma&longs;t; the other is the new motion of de&longs;cent, which al&longs;o <lb/>mu&longs;t needs be an hinderance of that other progre&longs;&longs;ive motion.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>As to the impediment of the Air, I do not deny it <lb/>you; and if the thing falling were a light matter, as a feather, <lb/>or a lock of wool, the retardation would be very great, but in <lb/>an heavy &longs;tone is very exceeding &longs;mall. </s>
<s>And you your &longs;elf but <lb/>even now did &longs;ay, that the force of the mo&longs;t impetuous wind <lb/>&longs;ufficeth not to &longs;tir a great &longs;tone from its place; now do but con­<lb/>&longs;ider what the calmer air is able to do, being encountred by a <lb/>&longs;tone no more &longs;wift than the whole &longs;hip. </s>
<s>Neverthele&longs;&longs;e, as I &longs;aid <lb/>before, I do allow you this &longs;mall effect, that may depend upon <lb/>&longs;uch an impediment; like as I know, that you will grant to me, <lb/>that if the air &longs;hould move with the &longs;ame velocity that the &longs;hip <lb/>and &longs;tone hath, then the impediment would be nothing at all. <lb/></s>
<s>As to the other of the additional motion downwards; in the fir&longs;t <lb/>place it is manife&longs;t, that the&longs;e two, I mean the circular, about <lb/>the centre, and the &longs;treight, towards the centre, are not contra­<lb/>ries, or de&longs;tructive to one another, or incompatible. </s>
<s>Becau&longs;e that <lb/>as to the moveable, it hath no repugnance at all to &longs;uch motions, <lb/>for you your &longs;elf have already confe&longs;t the repugnance to be a­<lb/>gain&longs;t the motion which removeth from the centre, and the incli­<lb/>nation to be towards the motion which approacheth to the centre. <lb/></s>
<s>Whence it doth of nece&longs;&longs;ity follow, that the moveable hath nei­<lb/>ther repugnance, nor propen&longs;ion to the motion which neither ap­<lb/>proacheth, nor goeth from the centre, nor con&longs;equently is there <lb/>any cau&longs;e for the dimini&longs;hing in it the faculty impre&longs;&longs;ed. </s>
<s>And for­<lb/>a&longs;much as the moving cau&longs;e is not one alone, which it hath at­<lb/>tained by the new operation of retardation; but that they are <lb/>two, di&longs;tinct from each other, of which, the gravity attends on­<lb/>ly to the drawing of the moveable towards the centre, and the <lb/>vertue impre&longs;s't to the conducting it about the centre, there re­<lb/>maineth no occa&longs;ion of impediment.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>Your argumentation, to give you your due, is very <lb/>probable; but in reality it is invelloped with certain intricacies, <lb/>that are not ea&longs;ie to be extricated. </s>
<s>You have all along built upon <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg317"></arrow.to.target><lb/>a &longs;uppo&longs;ition, which the <emph type="italics"/>Peripatetick<emph.end type="italics"/> Schools will not ea&longs;ily grant <lb/>you, as being directly contrary to <emph type="italics"/>Aristotle,<emph.end type="italics"/> and it is to take for <lb/>known and manife&longs;t, That the project &longs;eparated from the proji­<lb/>cient, continueth the motion by <emph type="italics"/>vertue impre&longs;&longs;ed<emph.end type="italics"/> on it by the <lb/>&longs;aid projicient, which <emph type="italics"/>vertue impre&longs;&longs;ed<emph.end type="italics"/> is a thing as much dete­<lb/>&longs;ted in <emph type="italics"/>Peripatetick<emph.end type="italics"/> Philo&longs;ophy, as the pa&longs;&longs;age of any accident <lb/>from one &longs;ubject into another. </s>
<s>Which doctrine doth hold, as I <lb/>believe it is well known unto you, that the project is carried by <lb/>the <emph type="italics"/>medium,<emph.end type="italics"/> which in our ca&longs;e happeneth to be the Air. </s>
<s>And <pb pagenum="131"/>therefore if that &longs;tone let fall from the round top, ought to fol­<lb/>low the motion of the &longs;hip, that effect &longs;hould be a&longs;cribed to the <lb/>Air, and not to the vertue impre&longs;&longs;ed. </s>
<s>But you pre&longs;uppo&longs;e that <lb/>the Air doth not follow the motion of the &longs;hip, but is tranquil. <lb/></s>
<s>Moreover, he that letteth it fall, is not to throw it, or to give <lb/>it <emph type="italics"/>impetus<emph.end type="italics"/> with his arm, but ought barely to open his hand and let <lb/>it go; and by this means, the &longs;tone, neither through the vertue <lb/>impre&longs;&longs;ed by the projicient, nor through the help of the Air, <lb/>&longs;hall be able to follow the &longs;hips motion, and therefore &longs;hall be <lb/>left behind.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg317"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The project ac­<lb/>cording to<emph.end type="italics"/> Ari&longs;to­<lb/>tle, <emph type="italics"/>is not moved by <lb/>vertue impre&longs;&longs;ed, <lb/>but by the<emph.end type="italics"/> medium.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>I think then that you would &longs;ay, that if the &longs;tone be <lb/>not thrown by the arm of that per&longs;on, it is no longer a pro­<lb/>jection.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>It cannot be properly called a motion of projection.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>So then that which <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;peaks of the motion, the <lb/>moveable, and the mover of the projects, hath nothing to do <lb/>with the bu&longs;ine&longs;&longs;e in hand; and if it concern not our purpo&longs;e, <lb/>why do you alledg the &longs;ame?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMP. </s>
<s>I produce it on the ocea&longs;ion of that impre&longs;&longs;ed vertue, <lb/>named and introduced by you, which having no being in the <lb/>World, can be of no force; for <emph type="italics"/>non-entium nullæ &longs;unt operatio­<lb/>nes<emph.end type="italics"/>; and therefore not onely of projected, but of all other pre­<lb/>ternatural motions, the moving cau&longs;e ought to be a&longs;cribed to the <lb/><emph type="italics"/>medium,<emph.end type="italics"/> of which there hath been no due con&longs;ideration had; <lb/>and therefore all that hath been &longs;aid hitherto is to no purpo&longs;e.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>Go to now, in good time. </s>
<s>But tell me, &longs;eeing that <lb/>your in&longs;tance is wholly grounded upon the nullity of the vertue <lb/>impre&longs;&longs;ed, if I &longs;hall demon&longs;trate to you, that the <emph type="italics"/>medium<emph.end type="italics"/> hath <lb/>nothing to do in the continuation of projects, after they are &longs;e­<lb/>patated from the projicient, will you admit of the impre&longs;&longs;ed ver­<lb/>tue, or will you make another attempt to overthrow it?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMP. </s>
<s>The operation of the <emph type="italics"/>medium<emph.end type="italics"/> being removed, I &longs;ee not <lb/>how one can have recour&longs;e to any thing el&longs;e &longs;ave the faculty im­<lb/>pre&longs;&longs;ed by the mover.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>It would be well, for the removing, as much as is <lb/>po&longs;&longs;ible, the occa&longs;ions of multiplying contentions, that you <lb/>would explain with as much di&longs;tinctne&longs;&longs;e as may be, what is that <lb/>operation of the <emph type="italics"/>medium<emph.end type="italics"/> in continuing the motion of the project.<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg318"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg318"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Operation of the<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>medium <emph type="italics"/>in continu­<lb/>ing the motion of <lb/>the project.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMP. </s>
<s>The projicient hath the &longs;tone in his hand, and with <lb/>force and violence throws his arm, with which jactation the <lb/>&longs;tone doth not move &longs;o much as the circumambient Air; &longs;o that <lb/>when the &longs;tone at its being for&longs;aken by the hand, findeth it &longs;elf <lb/>in the Air, which at the &longs;ame time moveth with impetou&longs;ity, it <lb/>is thereby born away; for, if the air did not operate, the &longs;tone <lb/>would fall at the foot of the projicient or thrower.</s></p><pb pagenum="132"/><p type="main">
<s><arrow.to.target n="marg319"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg319"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Many experi­<lb/>ments, and rea­<lb/>&longs;ons again&longs;t the <lb/>cau&longs;e of the moti­<lb/>on of projects, a&longs;­<lb/>&longs;igned by<emph.end type="italics"/> Ari&longs;totle.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>And was you &longs;o credulous, as to &longs;uffer your &longs;elf to be <lb/>per&longs;waded to believe the&longs;e fopperies, &longs;o long as you had your <lb/>&longs;en&longs;es about you to confute them, and to under&longs;tand the <lb/>truth thereof? </s>
<s>Therefore tell me, that great &longs;tone, and that <lb/>Canon bullet, which but onely laid upon a table, did continue <lb/>immoveable again&longs;t the mo&longs;t impetuous winds, according as you a <lb/>little before did affirm, if it had been a ball of cork or other light <lb/>&longs;tuffe, think you that the wind would have removed it from its <lb/>place?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMP. Yes, and I am a&longs;&longs;ured that it would have blown it <lb/>quite away, and with &longs;o much more velocity, by how much the <lb/>matter was lighter, for upon this rea&longs;on we &longs;ee the clouds to be <lb/>tran&longs;ported with a velocity equal to that of the wind that drives <lb/>them.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>And what is the Wind?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMP. </s>
<s>The Wind is defined to be nothing el&longs;e but air moved.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>Then the moved air doth carry light things more <lb/>&longs;wiftly, and to a greater di&longs;tance, then it doth heavy.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMP. </s>
<s>Yes certainly.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>But if you were to throw with your arm a &longs;tone, and a <lb/>lock of cotton wool, which would move &longs;wi&longs;te&longs;t and farthe&longs;t?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMP. </s>
<s>The &longs;tone by much; nay the wool would fall at my <lb/>feet.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. But, if that which moveth the projected &longs;ub&longs;tance, af­<lb/>ter it is delivered from the hand, be no other than the air moved <lb/>by the arm, and the moved air do more ea&longs;ily bear away light <lb/>than grave matters, how cometh it that the project of wool flieth <lb/>not farther, and &longs;wifter than that of &longs;tone? </s>
<s>Certainly it argu­<lb/>eth that the &longs;tone hath &longs;ome other impul&longs;e be&longs;ides the motion of <lb/>the air. </s>
<s>Furthermore, if two &longs;trings of equal length did hang <lb/>at yonder beam, and at the end of one there was fa&longs;tened a bul­<lb/>let of lead, and a ball of cotton wool at the other, and both <lb/>were carried to an equal di&longs;tance from the perpendicular, and <lb/>then let go; it is not to be doubted, but that both the one and <lb/>the other would move towards the perpendicular, and that being <lb/>carried by their own <emph type="italics"/>impetus,<emph.end type="italics"/> they would go a certain &longs;pace be­<lb/>yond it, and afterwards return thither again. </s>
<s>But which of the&longs;e <lb/>two pendent Globes do you think, would continue longe&longs;t in mo­<lb/>tion, before that it would come to re&longs;t in its perpendicularity?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMP. </s>
<s>The ball of lead would &longs;wing to and again many times, <lb/>and that of wool but two or three at the mo&longs;t.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>So that that <emph type="italics"/>impetus<emph.end type="italics"/> and that <emph type="italics"/>mobility<emph.end type="italics"/> what&longs;oever is <lb/>the cau&longs;e thereof, would con&longs;erve its &longs;elf longer in grave &longs;ub­<lb/>&longs;tances, than light; I proceed now to another particular, and de­<lb/>mand of you, why the air doth not carry away that Lemon <lb/>which is upon that &longs;ame Table?</s></p><pb pagenum="133"/><p type="main">
<s>SIMP. </s>
<s>Becau&longs;e that the air it &longs;elf is not moved</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>It is requi&longs;ite then, that the projicient do confer mo­<lb/>tion on the Air, with which it afterward moveth the project. </s>
<s>But <lb/>if &longs;uch a motion cannot be impre&longs;&longs;ed [<emph type="italics"/>i. </s>
<s>e. </s>
<s>imparted<emph.end type="italics"/>] it being im­<lb/>po&longs;&longs;ible to make an accident pa&longs;&longs;e out of one &longs;ubject into another, <lb/>how can it pa&longs;&longs;e from the arm into the Air? </s>
<s>Will you &longs;ay that the <lb/>Air is not a &longs;ubject different from the arm?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMP. </s>
<s>To this it is an&longs;wered that the Air, in regard it is nei­<lb/>ther heavy nor light in its own Region, is di&longs;po&longs;ed with facility to <lb/>receive every impul&longs;e, and al&longs;o to retain the &longs;ame.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>But if tho&longs;e <emph type="italics"/>penduli<emph.end type="italics"/> even now named, did prove <lb/>unto us, that the moveable, the le&longs;&longs;e it had of gravity, the le&longs;&longs;e <lb/>apt it was to con&longs;erve its motion, how can it be that the Air <lb/>which in the Air hath no gravity at all, doth of it &longs;elf alone re­<lb/>tain the motion acquired? </s>
<s>I believe, and know that you by this <lb/>time are of the &longs;ame opinion, that the arm doth not &longs;ooner re­<lb/>turn to re&longs;t, than doth the circumambient Air. </s>
<s>Let's go into the <lb/>Chamber, and with a towel let us agitate the Air as much as we <lb/>can, and then holding the cloth &longs;till, let a little candle be <lb/>brought, that was lighted in the next room, or in the &longs;ame place <lb/>let a leaf of beaten Gold be left at liberty to flie any wav, and you <lb/>&longs;hall by the calm vagation of them be a&longs;&longs;ured that the Air is imme­<lb/>diately reduced to tranquilty. </s>
<s>I could alledg many other experi­<lb/>ments to the &longs;ame purpo&longs;e, but if one of the&longs;e &longs;hould not &longs;uf­<lb/>fice, I &longs;hould think your folly altogether incurable.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>When an arrow is &longs;hot again&longs;t the Wind, how incredi­<lb/>ble a thing is it, that that &longs;ame &longs;mall filament of air, impelled by <lb/>the bow-&longs;tring, &longs;hould in de&longs;pite of fate go along with the arrow? <lb/></s>
<s>But I would willingly know another particular of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> to <lb/>which I intreat <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> would vouch&longs;afe me an an&longs;wer. </s>
<s>Sup­<lb/>po&longs;ing that with the &longs;ame Bow there were &longs;hot two arrows, one <lb/>ju&longs;t after the u&longs;ual manner, and the other &longs;ide-wayes, placing it <lb/>long-wayes upon the Bow-&longs;tring, and then letting it flie, I would <lb/>know which of them would go farthe&longs;t. </s>
<s>Favour me, I pray you <lb/>with an an&longs;wer, though the que&longs;tion may &longs;eem to you rather <lb/>ridiculous than otherwi&longs;e; and excu&longs;e me, for that I, who am, as <lb/>you &longs;ee, rather blocki&longs;h, than not, can reach no higher with my <lb/>&longs;peculative faculty.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMPL. </s>
<s>I have never &longs;een an arrow &longs;hot in that manner, yet <lb/>neverthele&longs;&longs;e I believe, that it would not flie &longs;ide-long, the <lb/>twentieth part of the &longs;pace that it goeth end-wayes.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>And for that I am of the &longs;ame opinion, hence it is, that <lb/>I have a doubt ri&longs;en in me, whether <emph type="italics"/>Aristotle<emph.end type="italics"/> doth not contradict <lb/>experience. </s>
<s>For as to experience, if I lay two arrows upon this <lb/>Table, in a time when a &longs;trong Wind bloweth, one towards <pb pagenum="134"/>the cour&longs;e of the wind, and the other &longs;idelong, the wind will <lb/>quickly carry away this later, and leave the other where it was; <lb/>and the &longs;ame to my &longs;eeming, ought to happen, if the Doctrine of <lb/><emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> were true, of tho&longs;e two &longs;hot out of a Bow: fora&longs;much <lb/>as the arrow &longs;hot &longs;ideways is driven by a great quantity of Air, <lb/>moved by the bow&longs;tring, to wit by as much as the &longs;aid &longs;tring is <lb/>long, whereas the other arrow receiveth no greater a quantity of <lb/>air, than the &longs;mall circle of the &longs;trings thickne&longs;s. </s>
<s>And I cannot <lb/>imagine what may be the rea&longs;on of &longs;uch a difference, but would <lb/>fain know the &longs;ame.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMP. </s>
<s>The cau&longs;e &longs;eemeth to me &longs;ufficiently manife&longs;t; and it <lb/>is, becau&longs;e the arrow &longs;hot endways, hath but a little quantity of <lb/>air to penetrate, and the other is to make its way through a quan­<lb/>tity as great as its whole length.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>Then it &longs;eems the arrows &longs;hot, are to penetrate the air? <lb/></s>
<s>but if the air goeth along with them, yea, is that which carrieth <lb/>them, what penetration can they make therein? </s>
<s>Do you not &longs;ee <lb/>that, in this ca&longs;e, the arrow would of nece&longs;&longs;ity move with greater <lb/>velocity than the air? </s>
<s>and this greater velocity, what doth confer <lb/>it on the arrow? </s>
<s>Will you &longs;ay the air giveth them a velocity <lb/>greater than its own? </s>
<s>Know then, <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> that the bu&longs;ine&longs;s <lb/>proceeds quite contrary to that which <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;aith, and that the </s></p><p type="main">
<s><arrow.to.target n="marg320"></arrow.to.target><lb/><emph type="italics"/>medium<emph.end type="italics"/> conferreth the motion on the project, is as fal&longs;e, as it is <lb/>true, that it is the onely thing which procureth its ob&longs;truction; and <lb/>having known this, you &longs;hall under&longs;tand without finding any thing <lb/>whereof to make que&longs;tion, that if the air be really moved, it doth <lb/>much better carry the dart along with it longways, than endways, <lb/>for that the air which impelleth it in that po&longs;ture, is much, and in <lb/>this very little. </s>
<s>But &longs;hooting with the Bow, fora&longs;much as the air <lb/>&longs;tands &longs;till, the tran&longs;ver&longs;e arrow, being to force its pa&longs;&longs;age through <lb/>much air, comes to be much impeded, and the other that was nock't <lb/>ea&longs;ily overcometh the ob&longs;truction of the &longs;mall quantity of air, <lb/>which oppo&longs;eth it &longs;elf thereto.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg320"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The<emph.end type="italics"/> medium <emph type="italics"/>doth <lb/>impede and not cor­<lb/>fer the motion of <lb/>projects.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>How many Propo&longs;itions have I ob&longs;erved in <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>(meaning &longs;till in Natural Philo&longs;ophy) that are not onely fal&longs;e, <lb/>but fal&longs;e in &longs;uch &longs;ort, that its diametrical contrary is true, as it <lb/>happens in this ca&longs;e. </s>
<s>But pur&longs;uing the point in hand, I think that <lb/><emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> is per&longs;waded, that, from &longs;eeing the &longs;tone always to fall <lb/>in the &longs;ame place, he cannot conjecture either the motion or &longs;ta­<lb/>bility of the Ship: and if what hath been hitherto &longs;poken, <lb/>&longs;hould not &longs;uffice, there is the Experiment of the <emph type="italics"/>medium<emph.end type="italics"/> which <lb/>may thorowly a&longs;&longs;ure us thereof; in which experiment, the mo&longs;t <lb/>that could be &longs;een would be, that the cadent moveable might be <lb/>left behind, if it were light, and that the air did not follow the <lb/>motion of the &longs;hip: but in ca&longs;e the air &longs;hould move with equal <pb pagenum="135"/>velocity, no imaginable diver&longs;ity could be found either in this, <lb/>or any other experiment what&longs;oever, as I am anon to tell you. <lb/></s>
<s>Now if in this ca&longs;e there appeareth no difference at all, what can <lb/>be pretended to be &longs;een in the &longs;tone falling from the top of the <lb/>Tower, where the motion in gyration is not adventitious, and ac­<lb/>cidental, but natural and eternal; and where the air exactly fol­<lb/>loweth the motion of the Tower, and the Tower that of the Ter­<lb/>re&longs;trial Globe? </s>
<s>have you any thing el&longs;e to &longs;ay, <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> upon <lb/>this particular?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMP. </s>
<s>No more but this, that I &longs;ee not the mobility of the <lb/>Earth as yet proved.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>Nor have I any intention at this time, but onely to <lb/>&longs;hew, that nothing can be concluded from the experiments alledg­<lb/>ed by our adver&longs;aries for convincing Arguments: as I think I <lb/>&longs;hall prove the others to be.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>I be&longs;eech you, <emph type="italics"/>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"/> before you proceed any far­<lb/>ther, to permit me to &longs;tart certain que&longs;tions, which have been <lb/>rouling in my fancy all the while that you with &longs;o much patience <lb/>and equanimity, was minutely explaining to <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> the expe­<lb/>riment of the Ship.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>We are here met with a purpo&longs;e to di&longs;pute, and it's fit <lb/>that every one &longs;hould move the difficulties that he meets withall, <lb/>for this is the way to come to the knowledg of the truth. <lb/></s>
<s>Therefore &longs;peak freely.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>If it be true, that the <emph type="italics"/>impetus<emph.end type="italics"/> wherewith the &longs;hip moves, <lb/>doth remain indelibly impre&longs;&longs;'d in the &longs;tone, after it is let fall from <lb/>the Ma&longs;t; and if it be farther true, that this motion brings no im­<lb/>pediment or retardment to the motion directly downwards, na­<lb/>tural to the &longs;tone: it's nece&longs;&longs;ary, that there do an effect en&longs;ue of <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg321"></arrow.to.target><lb/>a very wonderful nature. </s>
<s>Let a Ship be &longs;uppo&longs;ed to &longs;tand &longs;till, <lb/>and let the time of the falling of a &longs;tone from the Ma&longs;ts Round-top <lb/>to the ground, be two beats of the pul&longs;e; let the Ship afterwards <lb/>be under &longs;ail, and let the &longs;ame &longs;tone depart from the &longs;ame place, <lb/>and it, according to what hath been premi&longs;ed, &longs;hall &longs;till take up <lb/>the time of two pul&longs;es in its fall, in which time the &longs;hip will have <lb/>run, &longs;uppo&longs;e, twenty yards; To that the true motion of the &longs;tone <lb/>will be a tran&longs;ver&longs;e line, con&longs;iderably longer than the fir&longs;t &longs;traight <lb/>and perpendicular line, which is the length of the ^{*} Ma&longs;t, and yet <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg322"></arrow.to.target><lb/>neverthele&longs;s the ^{*} &longs;tone will have pa&longs;t it in the &longs;ame time. </s>
<s>Let <lb/>it be farther &longs;uppo&longs;ed, that the Ships motion is much more accele­<lb/>rated, &longs;o that the &longs;tone in falling &longs;hall be to pa&longs;s a tran&longs;ver&longs;e line <lb/>much longer than the other; and in &longs;um, increa&longs;ing the Ships ve­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg323"></arrow.to.target><lb/>locity as much as you will, the falling &longs;tone &longs;hall de&longs;cribe its tran&longs;­<lb/>ver&longs;e lines &longs;till longer and longer, and yet &longs;hall pa&longs;s them all in <lb/>tho&longs;e &longs;elf &longs;ame two pul&longs;es. </s>
<s>And in this fa&longs;hion, if a Canon were <pb pagenum="136"/>level'd on the top of a Tower, and &longs;hots were made therewith <lb/>point blank, that is, paralel to the Horizon, let the Piece have a <lb/>greater or le&longs;s charge, &longs;o as that the ball may fall &longs;ometimes a <lb/>thou&longs;and yards di&longs;tant, &longs;ometimes four thou&longs;and, &longs;ometimes &longs;ix, <lb/>&longs;ometimes ten, <emph type="italics"/>&c.<emph.end type="italics"/> and all the&longs;e &longs;hots &longs;hall curry or fini&longs;h their <lb/>ranges in times equal to each other, and every one equal to the <lb/>time which the ball would take to pa&longs;s from the mouth of the <lb/>Piece to the ground, being left, without other impul&longs;e, to fall <lb/>&longs;imply downwards in a perpendicular line. </s>
<s>Now it &longs;eems a very <lb/>admirable thing, that in the &longs;ame &longs;hort time of its falling perpen­<lb/>dicularly down to the ground, from the height of, &longs;uppo&longs;e, an <lb/>hundred yards, the &longs;ame ball, being thru&longs;t violently out of the <lb/>Piece by the Fire, &longs;hould be able to pa&longs;s one while four hundred, <lb/>another while a thou&longs;and, another while four, another while ten <lb/>thou&longs;and yards, &longs;o as that the &longs;aid ball in all &longs;hots made point <lb/>blank, always continueth an equal time in the air.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg321"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>An admirable <lb/>accident in the mo­<lb/>tion of projects.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg322"></margin.target>*By the length of <lb/>the ma&longs;t he means <lb/>the di&longs;tance be­<lb/>tween the upper­<lb/>deck and Round­<lb/>top.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg323"></margin.target>* La palla.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>The con&longs;ideration for its novelty is very pretty, and if <lb/>the effect be true, very admirable: and of the truth thereof, I <lb/>make no que&longs;tion: and were it not for the accidental impediment <lb/>of the air, I verily believe, that, if at the time of the balls going <lb/>out of the Piece, another were let fall from the &longs;ame height di­<lb/>rectly downwards, they would both come to the ground at the <lb/>&longs;ame in&longs;tant, though that &longs;hould have curried ten thou&longs;and <lb/>miles in its range, and this but an hundred onely: pre&longs;uppo&longs;ing <lb/>the &longs;urface of the Earth to be equal, which to be a&longs;&longs;ured of, the <lb/>experiment may be made upon &longs;ome lake. </s>
<s>As for the impediment <lb/>which might come from the air, it would con&longs;i&longs;t in retarding the <lb/>extreme &longs;wift motion of the &longs;hot. </s>
<s>Now, if you think fit, we will <lb/>proceed to the &longs;olution of the other Objections, &longs;eeing that <emph type="italics"/>Sim­<lb/>plicius<emph.end type="italics"/> (as far as I can &longs;ee) is convinc'd of the nullity of this fir&longs;t, <lb/>taken from things falling from on high downwards.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMP. </s>
<s>I find not all my &longs;cruples removed, but it may be the <lb/>fault is my own, as not being of &longs;o ea&longs;ie and quick an apprehen&longs;ion <lb/>as <emph type="italics"/>Sagredus.<emph.end type="italics"/> And it &longs;eems to me, that if this motion, of which <lb/>the &longs;tone did partake whil&longs;t it was on the Round-top of the Ships <lb/>Ma&longs;t, be, as you &longs;ay, to con&longs;erve it &longs;elf indelibly in the &longs;aid &longs;tone, <lb/>even after it is &longs;eparated from the Ship, it would follow, that like­<lb/>wi&longs;e in ca&longs;e any one, riding a hor&longs;e that was upon his &longs;peed, &longs;hould <lb/>let a bowl drop out of his hand, that bowl being fallen to the <lb/>ground would continue its motion and follow the hor&longs;es &longs;teps, <lb/>without tarrying behind him: the which effect, I believe, is not <lb/>to be &longs;een, unle&longs;s when he that is upon the hor&longs;e &longs;hould throw it <lb/>with violence that way towards which he runneth; but otherwi&longs;e, <lb/>I believe it will &longs;tay on the ground in the &longs;ame place where it <lb/>fell.</s></p><pb pagenum="137"/><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>I believe that you very much deceive your &longs;elf, and am <lb/>certain, that experience will &longs;hew you the contrary, and that the ball <lb/>being once arrived at the ground, will run together with the hor&longs;e, <lb/>not &longs;taying behind him, unle&longs;s &longs;o far as the a&longs;perity and uneven­<lb/>ne&longs;s of the Earth &longs;hall hinder it. </s>
<s>And the rea&longs;on &longs;eems to me <lb/>very manife&longs;t: for if you, &longs;tanding &longs;till, throw the &longs;aid ball a­<lb/>long the ground, do you think it would not continue its motion <lb/>even after you had delivered it out of your hand? </s>
<s>and that for &longs;o <lb/>much a greater &longs;pace, by how much the &longs;uperficies were more <lb/>&longs;mooth, &longs;o that <emph type="italics"/>v. </s>
<s>g.<emph.end type="italics"/> upon ice it would run a great way?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMP. </s>
<s>There is no doubt of it, if I give it <emph type="italics"/>impetus<emph.end type="italics"/> with my <lb/>arm; but in the other ca&longs;e it is &longs;uppo&longs;ed, that he who is upon the <lb/>hor&longs;e, onely drops it out of his hand:</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>So I de&longs;ire that it &longs;hould be: but when you throw it <lb/>with your arm, what other remaineth to the ball being once gone <lb/>out of your hand, than the motion received from your arm, which <lb/>motion being con&longs;erved in the boul, it doth continue to carry it <lb/>forward? </s>
<s>Now, what doth it import, that that <emph type="italics"/>impetus<emph.end type="italics"/> be con­<lb/>ferred on the ball rather from the arm than from the hor&longs;e? </s>
<s>Whil&longs;t <lb/>you were on hor&longs;eback, did not your hand, and con&longs;equently the <lb/>ball run as fa&longs;t as the hor&longs;e it &longs;elf? </s>
<s>Doubtle&longs;s it did: therefore <lb/>in onely opening of the hand, the ball departs with the motion al­<lb/>ready conceived, not from your arm, by your particular motion, <lb/>but from the motion dependant on the &longs;aid hor&longs;e, which cometh to <lb/>be communicated to you, to your arm, to your hand, and la&longs;tly to <lb/>the ball. </s>
<s>Nay, I will tell you farther, that if the rider upon his <lb/>&longs;peed fling the ball with his arm to the part contrary to the cour&longs;e, <lb/>it &longs;hall, after it is fallen to the ground, &longs;ometimes (albeit thrown to <lb/>the contrary part) follow the cour&longs;e of the hor&longs;e, and &longs;ometimes lie <lb/>&longs;till on the ground; and &longs;hall onely move contrary to the &longs;aid <lb/>cour&longs;e, when the motion received from the arm, &longs;hall exceed that <lb/>of the carrier in velocity. </s>
<s>And it is a vanity, that of &longs;ome, who <lb/>&longs;ay that a hor&longs;eman is able to ca&longs;t a javelin thorow the air, that <lb/>way which the hor&longs;e runs, and with the hor&longs;e to follow and over­<lb/>take the &longs;ame; and la&longs;tly, to catch it again. </s>
<s>It is, I &longs;ay, a vanity, <lb/>for that to make the project return into the hand, it is requi&longs;ite to <lb/>ca&longs;t it upwards, in the &longs;ame manner as if you &longs;tood &longs;till. </s>
<s>For, let <lb/>the carrier be never &longs;o &longs;wift, provided it be uniform, and the pro­<lb/>ject not over-light, it &longs;hall always fall back again into the hand of <lb/>the projicient, though never &longs;o high thrown.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>By this Doctrine I come to know &longs;ome Problems very <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg324"></arrow.to.target><lb/>curious upon this &longs;ubject of projections; the fir&longs;t of which mu&longs;t <lb/>&longs;eem very &longs;trange to <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius.<emph.end type="italics"/> And the Problem is this; I af­<lb/>firm it to be po&longs;&longs;ible, that the ball being barely dropt or let fall, <lb/>by one that any way runneth very &longs;wiftly, being arrived at the <pb pagenum="138"/>Earth, doth not onely follow the cour&longs;e of that per&longs;on, but doth <lb/>much out go him. </s>
<s>Which Problem is connexed with this, that <lb/>the moveable being thrown by the projicient above the plane of <lb/>the Horizon, may acquire new velocity, greater by far than that <lb/>confer'd upon it by the projicient. </s>
<s>The which effect I have with <lb/>admiration ob&longs;erved, in looking upon tho&longs;e who u&longs;e the &longs;port of <lb/>tops, which, &longs;o &longs;oon as they are &longs;et out of the hand, are &longs;een to <lb/>move in the air with a certain velocity, the which they afterwards <lb/>much encrea&longs;e at their coming to the ground; and if whipping <lb/>them, they rub at any uneven place that makes them skip on high, <lb/>they are &longs;een to move very &longs;lowly through the air, and falling a­<lb/>gain to the Earth, they &longs;till come to move with a greater velocity: <lb/>But that which is yet more &longs;trange, I have farther ob&longs;erved, that <lb/>they not onely turn always more &longs;wiftly on the ground, than in <lb/>the air, but of two &longs;paces both upon the Earth, &longs;ometimes a mo­<lb/>tion in the &longs;econd &longs;pace is more &longs;wift than in the fir&longs;t. </s>
<s>Now what <lb/>would <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;ay to this?</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg324"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Sundry curious <lb/>Problems, touch­<lb/>ing the motions of <lb/>projects.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMP. </s>
<s>He would &longs;ay in the fir&longs;t place, that he had never made <lb/>&longs;uch an ob&longs;ervation. </s>
<s>Secondly, he would &longs;ay, that he did not be­<lb/>lieve the &longs;ame. </s>
<s>He would &longs;ay again, in the third place, that if <lb/>you could a&longs;&longs;ure him thereof, and demon&longs;tratively convince him of <lb/>the &longs;ame, he would account you a great Dæmon.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>I hope then that it is one of the Socratick, not infernal <lb/>ones. </s>
<s>But that I may make you under&longs;tand this particular, you <lb/>mu&longs;t know, that if a per&longs;on apprehend not a truth of him&longs;elf, it <lb/>is impo&longs;&longs;ible that others &longs;hould make him under&longs;tand it: I may in­<lb/>deed in&longs;truct you in tho&longs;e things which are neither true nor fal&longs;e; <lb/>but the true, that is, the nece&longs;&longs;ary, namely, &longs;uch as it is impo&longs;&longs;ible <lb/>&longs;hould be otherwi&longs;e, every common capacity either comprehendeth <lb/>them of him&longs;elf, or el&longs;e it is impo&longs;&longs;ible he &longs;hould ever know them. <lb/></s>
<s>And of this opinion I am confident is <emph type="italics"/>Salviatus<emph.end type="italics"/> al&longs;o: and there­<lb/>fore I tell you, that the rea&longs;ons of the pre&longs;ent Problems are known <lb/>by you, but it may be, not apprehended.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMP. </s>
<s>Let us, for the pre&longs;ent, pa&longs;s by that controver&longs;ie, and <lb/>permit me to plead ignorance of the&longs;e things you &longs;peak of, and try <lb/>whether you can make me capable of under&longs;tanding the&longs;e Pro­<lb/>blems.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>This fir&longs;t dependeth upon another, which is, Whence <lb/>cometh it, that &longs;etting a top with the la&longs;h, it runneth farther, and <lb/>con&longs;equently with greater force, than when its &longs;et with the fin­<lb/>gers?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMP. <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> al&longs;o makes certain Problems about the&longs;e kinds <lb/>of projects.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>He doth &longs;o; and very ingenious they are: particular­<lb/>ly, That, Whence it cometh to pa&longs;s that round tops run better than <lb/>the &longs;quare?</s></p><pb pagenum="139"/><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>And cannot you, <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> give a rea&longs;on for this, <lb/>without others prompting you?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMP. </s>
<s>Very good, I can &longs;o; but leave your jeering.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>In like manner you do know the rea&longs;on of this other <lb/>al&longs;o. </s>
<s>Tell me therefore; know you that a thing which moveth, <lb/>being impeded &longs;tands &longs;till?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMP. </s>
<s>I know it doth, if the impediment be &longs;o great as to <lb/>&longs;uffice.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>Do you know, that moving upon the Earth is a greater <lb/>impediment to the moveable, than moving in the air, the Earth be­<lb/>ing rough and hard, and the air &longs;oft and yielding?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMP. </s>
<s>And knowing this, I know that the top will turn fa&longs;ter <lb/>in the air, than on the ground, &longs;o that my knowledg is quite con­<lb/>trary to what you think it.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>Fair and &longs;oftly, <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius.<emph.end type="italics"/> You know that in the <lb/>parts of a moveable, that turneth about its centre, there are found <lb/>motions towards all &longs;ides; &longs;o that &longs;ome a&longs;cend, others de&longs;cend; <lb/>&longs;ome go forwards, others backwards?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMP. </s>
<s>I know it, and <emph type="italics"/>Aristotle<emph.end type="italics"/> taught me the &longs;ame.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>And with what demon&longs;tration, I pray you?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMP. </s>
<s>With that of &longs;en&longs;e.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> then, hath made you &longs;ee that which without <lb/>him you would not have &longs;een? </s>
<s>Did he ever lend you his eyes? <lb/></s>
<s>You would &longs;ay, that <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> hath told, adverti&longs;ed, remembered <lb/>you of the &longs;ame; and not taught you it. </s>
<s>When then a top, with­<lb/>out changing place, turns round, (or in the childrens phra&longs;e, &longs;leep­<lb/>eth) not paralel, but erect to the Horizon, &longs;ome of its parts a&longs;cend, <lb/>and the oppo&longs;ite de&longs;cend; the &longs;uperiour go one way, the infe­<lb/>riour another. </s>
<s>Fancie now to your &longs;elf, a top, that without chan­<lb/>ging place, &longs;wiftly turns round in that manner, and &longs;tands &longs;u&longs;pen­<lb/>ded in the air, and that in that manner turning, it be let fall to the <lb/>Earth perpendicularly, do you believe, that when it is arrived at <lb/>the ground, it will continue to turn round in the &longs;ame manner, <lb/>without changing place, as before?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMP. No, Sir.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>What will it do then?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMP. </s>
<s>It will run along the ground very fa&longs;t.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>And towards what part?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMP. </s>
<s>Towards that, whither its ^{*}reeling carrieth it.<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg325"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg325"></margin.target>* Vertigine.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>In its reeling there are parts, that is the uppermo&longs;t, which <lb/>do move contrary to the inferiour; therefore you mu&longs;t in&longs;tance <lb/>which it &longs;hall obey: for as to the parts a&longs;cending and de&longs;cending, <lb/>the one kind will not yield to the other; nor will they all go <lb/>downwards, being hindered by the Earth, nor upwards as being <lb/>heavy.</s></p><pb pagenum="140"/><p type="main">
<s>SIMP. </s>
<s>The top will run reeling along the floor towards that <lb/>part whither its upper parts encline it.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>And why not whither the contrary parts tend, namely, <lb/>tho&longs;e which touch the ground?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMP. </s>
<s>Becau&longs;e tho&longs;e upon the ground happen to be impeded <lb/>by the roughne&longs;s of the touch, that is, by the floors unevenne&longs;s; <lb/>but the &longs;uperiour, which are in the tenuous and flexible air, are <lb/>hindred very little, if at all; and therefore the top will obey their <lb/>inclination.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>So that that taction, if I may &longs;o &longs;ay, of the neither <lb/>parts on the floor, is the cau&longs;e that they &longs;tay, and onely the upper <lb/>parts &longs;pring the top forward.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>And therefore, if the top &longs;hould fall upon the ice, or <lb/>other very &longs;mooth &longs;uperficies, it would not &longs;o well run forward, but <lb/>might peradventure continue to revolve in it &longs;elf, (or &longs;leep) with­<lb/>out acquiring any progre&longs;&longs;ive motion.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>It is an ea&longs;ie thing for it &longs;o to do; but yet neverthe­<lb/>le&longs;s, it would not &longs;o &longs;peedily come to &longs;leep, as when it falleth on <lb/>a &longs;uperficies &longs;omewhat rugged. </s>
<s>But tell me, <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> when <lb/>the top turning round about it &longs;elf, in that manner, is let fall, why <lb/>doth it not move forwards in the air, as it doth afterwards when it <lb/>is upon the ground?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMP. </s>
<s>Becau&longs;e having air above it, and beneath, neither tho&longs;e <lb/>parts, nor the&longs;e have any where to touch, and not having more oc­<lb/>ca&longs;ion to go forward than backward, it falls perpendicularly.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>So then the onely reeling about its &longs;elf, without other <lb/><emph type="italics"/>impetus,<emph.end type="italics"/> can drive the top forward, being arrived at the ground, <lb/>very nimbly. </s>
<s>Now proceed we to what remains. </s>
<s>That la&longs;h, <lb/>which the driver tyeth to his Top-&longs;tick, and with which, winding <lb/>it about the top, he &longs;ets it (<emph type="italics"/>i. </s>
<s>e.<emph.end type="italics"/> makes it go) what effect hath it on <lb/>the &longs;aid top?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMP. </s>
<s>It con&longs;trains it to turn round upon its toe, that &longs;o it may <lb/>free it &longs;elf from the Top-la&longs;h.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>So then, when the top arriveth at the ground, it cometh <lb/>all the way turning about its &longs;elf, by means of the la&longs;h. </s>
<s>Hath it <lb/>not rea&longs;on then to move in it &longs;elf more &longs;wiftly upon the ground, <lb/>than it did whil&longs;t it was in the air?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMP. </s>
<s>Yes doubtle&longs;s; for in the air it had no other impul&longs;e <lb/>than that of the arm of the projicient; and if it had al&longs;o the reel­<lb/>ing, this (as hath been &longs;aid) in the air drives it not forward at all: <lb/>but arriving at the floor, to the motion of the arm is added the <lb/>progre&longs;&longs;ion of the reeling, whereby the velocity is redoubled. </s>
<s>And <lb/>I know already very well, that the top skipping from the ground, <lb/>its velocity will demini&longs;h, becau&longs;e the help of its circulation is <lb/>wanting; and returning to the Earth will get it again, and by that <pb pagenum="141"/>means move again fa&longs;ter, than in the air. </s>
<s>It onely re&longs;ts for me to <lb/>under&longs;tand, whether in this &longs;econd motion on the Earth it move <lb/>more &longs;wiftly, than in the fir&longs;t; for then it would move <emph type="italics"/>in infini­<lb/>tum,<emph.end type="italics"/> alwayes accelerating.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>I did not ab&longs;olutely affirm, that this &longs;econd motion is <lb/>more &longs;wift than the fir&longs;t; but that it may happen &longs;o to be &longs;ome­<lb/>times.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMP. </s>
<s>This is that, which I apprehend not, and which I <lb/>de&longs;ire to know.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>And this al&longs;o you know of your &longs;elf. </s>
<s>Therefore tell <lb/>me: When you let the top fall out of your hand, without ma­<lb/>king it turn round (<emph type="italics"/>i. </s>
<s>e.<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;etting it) what will it do at its coming to <lb/>the ground?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMP. Nothing, but there lie &longs;till.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>May it not chance, that in its fall to the ground it may <lb/>acquire a motion? </s>
<s>Think better on it.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMP. </s>
<s>Unle&longs;&longs;e we let it fall upon &longs;ome inclining &longs;tone, as <lb/>children do playing at ^{*} <emph type="italics"/>Chio&longs;a,<emph.end type="italics"/> and that falling &longs;ide-wayes upon </s></p><p type="main">
<s><arrow.to.target n="marg326"></arrow.to.target><lb/>the &longs;ame, it do acquire the motion of turning round upon its toe, <lb/>wherewith it afterwards continueth to move progre&longs;&longs;ively on the <lb/>floor, I know not in what other manner it can do any thing but <lb/>lie &longs;till where it falleth.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg326"></margin.target>* A Game in <emph type="italics"/>Italy,<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>which is, to glide <lb/>bullets down an <lb/>inclining &longs;tone, <lb/><emph type="italics"/>&c.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>You &longs;ee then that in &longs;ome ca&longs;e it may acquire a new <lb/>revolution. </s>
<s>When then the top jerked up from the ground, falleth <lb/>down again, why may it not ca&longs;ually hit upon the declivity of <lb/>&longs;ome &longs;tone fixed in the floor, and that hath an inclination that <lb/>way towards which it moveth, and acquiring by that &longs;lip a new <lb/>whirle over and above that conferred by the la&longs;h, why may it <lb/>not redouble its motion, and make it &longs;wifter than it was at its <lb/>fir&longs;t lighting upon the ground?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMP. </s>
<s>Now I &longs;ee that the &longs;ame may ea&longs;ily happen. </s>
<s>And I <lb/>am thinking that if the top &longs;hould turn the contrary way, in ar­<lb/>riving at the ground, it would work a contrary effect, that is, <lb/>the motion of the accidental whirl would retard that of the pro­<lb/>jicient.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>And it would &longs;ometimes wholly retard and &longs;top it, in <lb/>ca&longs;e the revolution of the top were very &longs;wift. </s>
<s>And from hence a­<lb/>ri&longs;eth the re&longs;olution of that &longs;light, which the more skilful Tennis <lb/>Players u&longs;e to their advantage; that is, to gull their adver&longs;ary by <lb/>cutting (for &longs;o is their Phra&longs;e) the Ball; which is, to return it <lb/>with a &longs;ide Rachet, in &longs;uch a manner, that it doth thereby ac­<lb/>quire a motion by it &longs;elf contrary to the projected motion, and &longs;o <lb/>by that means, at its coming to the ground, the rebound, which <lb/>if the ball did not turn in that manner, would be towards the <lb/>adver&longs;ary, giving him the u&longs;ual time to to&longs;&longs;e it back again, doth <pb pagenum="142"/>fail, and the ball runs tripping along the ground, or rebounds le&longs;&longs;e <lb/>than u&longs;ual, and breaketh the time of the return. </s>
<s>Hence it is <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg327"></arrow.to.target><lb/>that you &longs;ee, tho&longs;e who play at ^{*} Stool-ball, when they play in <lb/>a &longs;tony way, or a place full of. </s>
<s>holes and rubs that make the ball <lb/>trip an hundred &longs;everal wayes, never &longs;uffering it to come neer the <lb/>mark, to avoid them all, they do not trundle the ball upon the <lb/>ground, but throw it, as if they were to pitch a quait. </s>
<s>But be­<lb/>cau&longs;e in throwing the ball, it i&longs;&longs;ueth out of the hand with &longs;ome <lb/>roling conferred by the fingers, when ever the hand is under the <lb/>ball, as it is mo&longs;t commonly held; whereupon the ball in its lighting <lb/>on the ground neer to the mark, between the motion of the pro­<lb/>jicient and that of the roling, would run a great way from the <lb/>&longs;ame: To make the ball &longs;tay, they hold it artificially, with their <lb/>hand uppermo&longs;t, and it undermo&longs;t, which in its delivery hath <lb/>a contrary twirl or roling conferred upon it by the fingers, by <lb/>means whereof in its coming to the ground neer the mark it &longs;tays <lb/>there, or runs very very little forwards. </s>
<s>But to return to our <lb/>principal problem which gave occa&longs;ion for &longs;tarting the&longs;e others; I <lb/>&longs;ay it is po&longs;&longs;ible that a per&longs;on carried very &longs;wiftly, may let a ball <lb/>drop out of his hand, that being come to the Earth, &longs;hall not <lb/>onely follow his motion, but al&longs;o out-go it, moving with a great­<lb/>er velocity. </s>
<s>And to &longs;ee &longs;uch an effect, I de&longs;ire that the cour&longs;e <lb/>may be that of a Chariot, to which on the out-&longs;ide let a decli­<lb/>ning board be fa&longs;tened; &longs;o as that the neither part may be towards <lb/>the hor&longs;es, and the upper towards the hind Wheel. </s>
<s>Now, if in <lb/>the Chariots full career, a man within it, let a ball fall gliding a­<lb/>long the declivity of that board, it &longs;hall in roling downward ac­<lb/>quire a particular <emph type="italics"/>vertigo<emph.end type="italics"/> or turning, the which added to the <lb/>motion impre&longs;&longs;ed by the Chariot, will carrie the ball along the <lb/>ground much fa&longs;ter than the Chariot. </s>
<s>And if one accommodate <lb/>another declining board over again&longs;t it, the motion of the Cha­<lb/>riot may be qualified &longs;o, that the ball, gliding downwards along <lb/>the board, in its coming to the ground &longs;hall re&longs;t immoveable, <lb/>and al&longs;o &longs;hall &longs;ometimes run the contrary way to the Chariot. </s>
<s>But <lb/>we are &longs;trayed too far from the purpo&longs;e, therefore if <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>be &longs;atisfied with the re&longs;olution of the fir&longs;t argnment again&longs;t the <lb/>Earths mobility, taken from things falling perpendicularly, we <lb/>may pa&longs;&longs;e to the re&longs;t</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg327"></margin.target>*A Game in <emph type="italics"/>Italy,<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>wherein they &longs;trive <lb/>who &longs;hall trundle <lb/>or throw a wooden <lb/>bowle neere&longs;t to an <lb/>a&longs;&longs;igned mark.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>The digre&longs;&longs;ions made hitherto, are not &longs;o alienated <lb/>from the matter in hand, as that one can &longs;ay they are wholly <lb/>&longs;trangers to it. </s>
<s>Be&longs;ides the&longs;e argumentations depend on tho&longs;e <lb/>things that &longs;tart up in the fancy not of one per&longs;on, but of three, <lb/>that we are: And moreover we di&longs;cour&longs;e for our plea&longs;ure, nor <lb/>are we obliged to that &longs;trictne&longs;&longs;e of one who <emph type="italics"/>ex profe&longs;&longs;o<emph.end type="italics"/> treateth <lb/>methodically of an argument, with an intent to publi&longs;h the &longs;ame. <pb pagenum="143"/>I will not con&longs;ent that our Poem &longs;hould be &longs;o confined to that <lb/>unity, as not to leave us fields open for Ep&longs;ody's, which every <lb/>&longs;mall connection &longs;hould &longs;uffice to introduce; but with almo&longs;t as <lb/>much liberry as if we were met to tell &longs;tories, it &longs;hall be lawful <lb/>for me to &longs;peak, what ever your di&longs;cour&longs;e brings into my mind.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>I like this motion very well; and &longs;ince we are at this <lb/>liberty, let me take leave, before we pa&longs;&longs;e any farther to ask of <lb/>you <emph type="italics"/>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"/> whether you did ever con&longs;ider what that line may <lb/>be that is de&longs;cribed by the grave moveable naturally falling down <lb/>from the top of a Tower; and if you have reflected on it, be <lb/>plea&longs;ed to tell me what you think thereof.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>I have &longs;ometimes con&longs;idered of it, and make no que­<lb/>&longs;tion, that if one could be certain of the nature of that motion <lb/>wherewith the grave body de&longs;cendeth to approach the centre of <lb/>the Terre&longs;trial Globe, mixing it &longs;elf afterwards with the common <lb/>circular motion of the diurnal conver&longs;ion; it might be exactly <lb/>found what kind of line that is, that the centre of gravity of the <lb/>moveable de&longs;cribeth in tho&longs;e two motions.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>Touching the &longs;imple motion towards the centre de­<lb/>pendent on the gravity, I think that one may confidently, with­<lb/>out error, believe that it is by a right line, as it would be, were <lb/>the Earth immoveable.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>As to this particular, we may not onely believe it, but <lb/>experience rendereth us certain of the &longs;ame.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>But how doth experience a&longs;&longs;ure us thereof, if we ne­<lb/>ver &longs;ee any motions but &longs;uch as are compo&longs;ed of the two, circular <lb/>and de&longs;cending.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>Nay rather <emph type="italics"/>Sagredus<emph.end type="italics"/> we onely &longs;ee the &longs;imple motion of <lb/>de&longs;cent; &longs;ince that other circular one common to the Earth, the <lb/>Tower and our &longs;elves remains imperceptible, and as if it never <lb/>were, and there remaineth perceptible to us that of the &longs;tone, one­<lb/>ly not participated by us, and for this, &longs;en&longs;e demon&longs;trateth that <lb/>it is by a right line, ever parallel to the &longs;aid Tower, which is <lb/>built upright and perpendicular upon the Terre&longs;trial &longs;urface.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>You are in the right; and this was but too plainly de­<lb/>mon&longs;trated to me even now, &longs;eeing that I could not remember &longs;o <lb/>ea&longs;ie a thing; but this being &longs;o manife&longs;t, what more is it that you <lb/>&longs;ay you de&longs;ire, for under&longs;tanding the nature of this motion <lb/>downwards?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>It &longs;ufficeth not to know that it is &longs;treight, but its requi­<lb/>&longs;ite to know whether it be uniform, or irregular; that is, whe­<lb/>ther it maintain alwayes one and the &longs;ame velocity, or el&longs;e goeth <lb/>retarding or accelerating.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>It is already clear, that it goeth continually accelle­<lb/>rating.</s></p><pb pagenum="144"/><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>Neither doth this &longs;uffice, but its requi&longs;ite to know ac­<lb/>cording to what proportion &longs;uch accelleration is made; a Pro­<lb/>blem, that I believe was never hitherto under&longs;tood by any Phi­<lb/>lo&longs;opher or Mathematician; although Philo&longs;ophers, and particu­<lb/>larly the <emph type="italics"/>Peripateticks,<emph.end type="italics"/> have writ great and entire Volumes, <lb/>touching motion.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMP. </s>
<s>Philo&longs;ophers principally bu&longs;ie them&longs;elves about univer­<lb/>&longs;als; they find the definitions and more common &longs;ymptomes, o­<lb/>mitting certain &longs;ubtilties and niceties, which are rather curio­<lb/>&longs;ities to the Mathematicians. </s>
<s>And <emph type="italics"/>Aristotle<emph.end type="italics"/> did content him&longs;elf <lb/>to de&longs;ine excellently what motion was in general; and of the lo­<lb/>cal, to &longs;hew the principal qualities, to wit, that one is natural, <lb/>another violent; one is &longs;imple, another compound; one is <lb/>equal, another accellerate; and concerning the accelerate, con­<lb/>tents him&longs;elf to give the rea&longs;on of acceleration, remitting the <lb/>finding out of the proportion of &longs;uch acceleration, and other <lb/>particular accidents to the Mechanitian, or other inferiour <lb/>Arti&longs;t.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>Very well <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius.<emph.end type="italics"/> But you <emph type="italics"/>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"/> when you <lb/>de&longs;cend &longs;ometimes from the Throne of <emph type="italics"/>Peripatetick<emph.end type="italics"/> Maje&longs;ty, <lb/>have you ever thrown away any of your hours in &longs;tudying to find <lb/>this proportion of the acceleration of the motion of de&longs;cending <lb/>grave bodies?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>There was no need that I &longs;hould &longs;tudy for it, in regard <lb/>that the Academick our common friend, heretofore &longs;hewed me a <lb/>Treati&longs;e of his ^{*} <emph type="italics"/>De Motu,<emph.end type="italics"/> where this, and many other acci­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg328"></arrow.to.target><lb/>dents were demon&longs;trated. </s>
<s>But it would be too great a digre&longs;&longs;ion, <lb/>if for this particular, we &longs;hould interrupt our pre&longs;ent di&longs;cour&longs;e, <lb/>(which yet it &longs;elf is al&longs;o no better than a digre&longs;&longs;ion) and make as <lb/>the Saying is, a Comedy within a Comedy.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg328"></margin.target>This is that ex­<lb/>cellent tract which <lb/>we give the fir&longs;t <lb/>place in our &longs;econd <lb/>Volume.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>I am content to excu&longs;e you from this narration for the <lb/>pre&longs;ent, provided that this may be one of the Propo&longs;itions re&longs;er­<lb/>ved to be examined among&longs;t the re&longs;t in another particular meeting, <lb/>for that the knowledg thereof is by me very much de&longs;ired; and <lb/>in the mean time let us return to the line de&longs;cribed by the grave <lb/>body in its fall from the top of the Tower to its ba&longs;e.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>If the right motion towards the centre of the Earth was <lb/>uniforme, the circular towards the Ea&longs;t being al&longs;o uniforme, you <lb/>would &longs;ee compo&longs;ed of them both a motion by a &longs;piral line, of <lb/>that kind with tho&longs;e defined by <emph type="italics"/>Archimedes<emph.end type="italics"/> in his Book <emph type="italics"/>Dc Spira­<lb/>libus<emph.end type="italics"/>; which are, when a point moveth uniformly upon a right <lb/>line, while&longs;t that line in the mean time turneth uniformly about <lb/>one of its extreme points fixed, as the centre of his gyration. <lb/></s>
<s>But becau&longs;e the right motion of grave bodies falling, is continu­<lb/>ally accelerated, it is nece&longs;&longs;ary, that the line re&longs;ulting of the <pb pagenum="145"/>compo&longs;ition of the two motions do go alwayes receding with <lb/>greater and greater proportion from the circumference of that cir­<lb/>cle, which the centre of the &longs;tones gravity would have de&longs;igned, <lb/>if it had alwayes &longs;taid upon the Tower; it followeth of nece&longs;&longs;ity <lb/>that this rece&longs;&longs;ion at the fir&longs;t be but little, yea very &longs;inall, yea, <lb/>more, as &longs;mall as can be imagined, &longs;eeing that the de&longs;cending <lb/>grave body departing from re&longs;t, that is, from the privation of <lb/>motion, towards the bottom and entring into the right motion <lb/>downwards, it mu&longs;t needs pa&longs;&longs;e through all the degrees of tardi­<lb/>ty, that are betwixt re&longs;t, and any a&longs;&longs;igned velocity; the which <lb/>degrees are infinite; as already hath been at large di&longs;cour&longs;ed and <lb/>proved.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>It being &longs;uppo&longs;ed therefore, that the progre&longs;&longs;e of the accele­<lb/>ration being after this manner, and it being moreover true, that <lb/>the de&longs;cending grave body goeth to terminate in the centre of the <lb/>Earth, it is nece&longs;&longs;ary that the line of its mixt motion be &longs;uch, that <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg329"></arrow.to.target><lb/>it go continually receding with greater and greater proportion <lb/>from the top of the Tower, or to &longs;peak more properly, from <lb/>the circumference of the circle de&longs;cribed by the top of the Tower, <lb/>by means of the Earths conver&longs;ion; but that &longs;uch rece&longs;&longs;ions be <lb/>le&longs;&longs;er and le&longs;&longs;er <emph type="italics"/>in infinitum<emph.end type="italics"/>; by how much the moveable finds it <lb/>&longs;elf to be le&longs;&longs;e and le&longs;&longs;e removed from the fir&longs;t term where it <lb/>re&longs;ted. </s>
<s>Moreover it is nece&longs;&longs;ary, that this line of the compound­<lb/>ed motion do go to terminate in the centre of the Earth. </s>
<s>Now <lb/>having pre&longs;uppo&longs;ed the&longs;e two things, I come to de&longs;cribe about <lb/>the centre A [<emph type="italics"/>in Fig. </s>
<s>1. of this &longs;econd Dialogue<emph.end type="italics"/>;] with the &longs;emi­<lb/>diameter A B, the circle B I, repre&longs;enting to me the Terre&longs;trial <lb/>Globe, and prolonging the &longs;emidiameter A B to C, I have de­<lb/>&longs;cribed the height of the Tower B C; the which being carried <lb/>about by the Earth along the circumference B I, de&longs;cribeth with <lb/>its top the arch C D: Dividing, in the next place, the line C A <lb/>in the middle at E; upon the centre E, at the di&longs;tance E C, I de­<lb/>&longs;cribe the &longs;emicircle C I A: In which, I now affirm, that it is very <lb/>probable that a &longs;tone falling from the top of the Tower C, doth <lb/>move, with a motion mixt of the circular, which is in common, <lb/>and of its peculiar right motion. </s>
<s>If therefore in the circumference <lb/>C D, certain equal parts C F, F G, G H, H L, be marked, and <lb/>from the points F, G, H, L, right lines be drawn towards the <lb/>centre A, the parts of them intercepted between the two cir­<lb/>cumferences C D and B I, &longs;hall repre&longs;ent unto us the &longs;ame <lb/>Tower C B, tran&longs;ported by the Terre&longs;trial Globe towards D I; <lb/>in which lines the points where they come to be inter&longs;ected by the <lb/>arch of the &longs;emicircle C I, are the places by whichfrom time to <lb/>time the falling &longs;tone doth pa&longs;&longs;e; which points go continually <lb/>with greater and greater proportion receding from the top of the <pb pagenum="146"/>Tower. </s>
<s>And this is the cau&longs;e why the right motion made along <lb/>the &longs;ide of the Tower appeareth to us more and more accelerate. <lb/></s>
<s>It appeareth al&longs;o, how by rea&longs;on of the infinite acutene&longs;&longs;e of <lb/>the contact of tho&longs;e two circles D C, C I, the rece&longs;&longs;ion of the <lb/>cadent moveable from the circumference C F D; namely, from <lb/>the top of the Tower, is towards the beginning extream &longs;mall, <lb/>which is as much as if one &longs;aid its motion downwards is very &longs;low, <lb/>and more and more &longs;low <emph type="italics"/>in infinitum,<emph.end type="italics"/> according to its vicinity to <lb/>the term C, that is to the &longs;tate of re&longs;t. </s>
<s>And la&longs;tly it is &longs;een how <lb/>in the end this &longs;ame motion goeth to terminate in the centre of the <lb/>Earth A.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg329"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The line de&longs;cri­<lb/>bed by a moveable <lb/>in its natural de­<lb/>&longs;cent, the motion <lb/>of the Earth a­<lb/>bout its own centre <lb/>being pre&longs;uppo&longs;ed, <lb/>would probably be <lb/>the circumference <lb/>of a circle.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>I under&longs;tand all this very well, nor can I per&longs;wade my <lb/>&longs;elf that the falling moveable doth de&longs;cribe with the centre of its <lb/>gravity any other line, but &longs;uch an one as this.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>But &longs;tay a little <emph type="italics"/>Sagredus,<emph.end type="italics"/> for I am to acquaint you <lb/>al&longs;o with three Ob&longs;ervations of mine, that its po&longs;&longs;ible will not di&longs;­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg330"></arrow.to.target><lb/>plea&longs;e you. </s>
<s>The fir&longs;t of which is, that if we do well con&longs;ider, the <lb/>moveable moveth not really with any more than onely one motion <lb/>&longs;imply circular, as when being placed upon the Tower, it moved <lb/>with one &longs;ingle and circular motion. </s>
<s>The &longs;econd is yet more plea­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg331"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;ant; for, it moveth neither more nor le&longs;&longs;e then if it had &longs;taid con­<lb/>tinually upon the Tower, being that to the arches C F, F G, G H, <lb/>&c. </s>
<s>that it would have pa&longs;&longs;ed continuing alwayes upon the Tower, <lb/>the arches of the circumference C I are exactly equal, an&longs;wering <lb/>under the &longs;ame C F, F G, G H, &c. </s>
<s>Whence followeth the third <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg332"></arrow.to.target><lb/>wonder, That the true and real motion of the &longs;tone is never acce­<lb/>lerated, but alwayes even and uniforme, &longs;ince that all the equal ar­<lb/>ches noted in the circumference C D, and their re&longs;pondent ones <lb/>marked in the circumference C I, are pa&longs;t in equal times; &longs;o that <lb/>we are left at liberty to &longs;eek new cau&longs;es of acceleration, or of o­<lb/>ther motions, &longs;eeing that the moveable, as well &longs;tanding upon the <lb/>Tower, as de&longs;cending thence, alwayes moveth in the &longs;ame fa&longs;hion, <lb/>that is, circularly, with the &longs;ame velocity, and with the &longs;ame uni­<lb/>formity. </s>
<s>Now tell me what you think of this my fanta&longs;tical con­<lb/>jecture.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg330"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>A moveable fal­<lb/>ting from the top of <lb/>the Tower, moveth <lb/>in the circumfe­<lb/>rence of a circle.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg331"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>It moveth neither <lb/>more nor le&longs;&longs;e, than <lb/>if it had &longs;taid al­<lb/>wayes there.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg332"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>It moveth with <lb/>an uniform, not <lb/>an accelerate mo­<lb/>tion.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>I mu&longs;t tell you, that I cannot with words &longs;ufficiently <lb/>expre&longs;&longs;e how admirable it &longs;eemeth to me; and for what at pre­<lb/>&longs;ent offereth it &longs;elf to my under&longs;tanding, I cannot think that the <lb/>bu&longs;ine&longs;s happeneth otherwi&longs;e; and would to God that all the <lb/>demon&longs;trations of Philo&longs;ophers were but half &longs;o probable as this. <lb/></s>
<s>However for my perfect &longs;atisfaction I would gladly hear how you <lb/>prove tho&longs;e arches to be equal.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>The demon&longs;tration is mo&longs;t ea&longs;ie. </s>
<s>Suppo&longs;e to your &longs;elf <lb/>a line drawn from I to E. </s>
<s>And the Semidiameter of the circle CD, <lb/>that is, the line C A, being double the Semidiameter C E of the <pb pagenum="147"/>circle C I, the circumference &longs;hall be double to the circumference, <lb/>and every arch of the greater circle double to every like arch of <lb/>the le&longs;&longs;er; and con&longs;equently, the half of the arch of the greater <lb/>circle, equal to the whole arch of the le&longs;&longs;e. </s>
<s>And becau&longs;e the an­<lb/>gle C E I made in the centre E of the le&longs;&longs;er circle, and which in&longs;i­<lb/>&longs;teth upon the arch C I, is double the angle C A D, made in the <lb/>centre A of the greater circle, to which the arch C D &longs;ubtendeth; <lb/>therefore the arch C D is half of the arch of the greater circle like <lb/>to the arch C I, and therefore the two arches C D and C I are e­<lb/>qual; and in the &longs;ame manner we may demon&longs;trate of all their <lb/>parts. </s>
<s>But that the bu&longs;ine&longs;s, as to the motion of de&longs;cending grave <lb/>bodies, proceedeth exactly thus, I will not at this time affirm; but <lb/>this I will &longs;ay, that if the line de&longs;cribed by the cadent moveable <lb/>be not exactly the &longs;ame with this, it doth extream neerly re&longs;emble <lb/>the &longs;ame.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>But I, <emph type="italics"/>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"/> am ju&longs;t now con&longs;idering another par­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg333"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ticular very admirable; and this it is; That admitting the&longs;e con­<lb/>&longs;iderations, the right motion doth go wholly ^{*} mounting, and that <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg334"></arrow.to.target><lb/>Nature never makes u&longs;e thereof, &longs;ince that, even that that u&longs;e, <lb/>which was from the beginning granted to it, which was of redu­<lb/>cing the parts of integral bodies to their place, when they were <lb/>&longs;eparated from their whole, and therefore con&longs;tituted in a depra­<lb/>ved di&longs;po&longs;ition, is taken from it, and a&longs;&longs;igned to the circular <lb/>motion.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg333"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Right motion <lb/>&longs;eemeth wholly ex­<lb/>cluded in nature.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg334"></margin.target>* Vadia del tutto a <lb/>monte, <emph type="italics"/>rendered in <lb/>the Latixe<emph.end type="italics"/> omni­<lb/>no pe&longs;&longs;um eat.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>This would nece&longs;&longs;arily follow, if it were concluded <lb/>that the Terre&longs;trial Globe moveth circularly; a thing, which I <lb/>pretend not to be done, but have onely hitherto attempted, as I <lb/>&longs;hall &longs;till, to examine the &longs;trength of tho&longs;e rea&longs;ons, which have <lb/>been alledged by Philo&longs;ophers to prove the immobility of the <lb/>Earth, of which this fir&longs;t taken from things falling perpendicu­<lb/>larly, hath begat the doubts, that have been mentioned; which <lb/>I know not of what force they may have &longs;eemed to <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/>; <lb/>and therefore before I pa&longs;&longs;e to the examination of the remaining <lb/>arguments, it would be convenient that he produce what he hath <lb/>to reply to the contrary.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMP. </s>
<s>As to this fir&longs;t, I confe&longs;&longs;e indeed that I have heard <lb/>&longs;undry pretty notions, which I never thought upon before, and <lb/>in regard they are new unto me, I cannot have an&longs;wers &longs;o ready <lb/>for them, but this argument taken from things falling perpendi­<lb/>cularly, I e&longs;teem it not one of the &longs;tronge&longs;t proofs of the mobi­<lb/>lity of the Earth; and I know not what may happen touching the <lb/>&longs;hots of great Guns, e&longs;pecially tho&longs;e aimed contrary to the diur­<lb/>nal motion.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>The flying of the birds as much puzzleth me as the <lb/>objection of the Gun-&longs;hot, and all the other experiments above <pb pagenum="148"/>alledged. </s>
<s>For the&longs;e birds which at their plea&longs;ure flie for­<lb/>wards and backwards, and wind to and again in a thou&longs;and <lb/>fa&longs;hions, and, which more importeth, lie whole hours upon the <lb/>wing, the&longs;e I &longs;ay do not a little po&longs;e me, nor do I &longs;ee, how a­<lb/>mong&longs;t &longs;o many circumgyrations, they &longs;hould not lo&longs;e the motion <lb/>of the Earth, and how they &longs;hould be able to keep pace with <lb/>&longs;o great a velocity as that which they &longs;o far exceed with their flight.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>To &longs;peak the truth, your &longs;cruple is not without rea&longs;on, <lb/>and its po&longs;&longs;ible <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"/> him&longs;elf could not find an an&longs;wer for it, <lb/>that was to him&longs;elf entirely &longs;atisfactory; and therefore haply pa&longs;t <lb/>it over in &longs;ilence albeit he was, indeed, very brief in examining <lb/>the other allegations of his adver&longs;aries, I believe through his <lb/>height of wit, placed on greater aud &longs;ublimer contemplations, <lb/>like as Lions are not much moved at the barking of little Dogs. <lb/></s>
<s>We will therefore re&longs;erve the in&longs;tance of birds to the la&longs;t place, <lb/>and for the pre&longs;ent, &longs;ee if we can give <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;atisfaction in <lb/>the others, by &longs;hewing him in our wonted manner, that he him­<lb/>&longs;elf hath their an&longs;wers at hand, though upon fir&longs;t thoughts he doth <lb/>not di&longs;cover them. </s>
<s>And to begin with the &longs;hots made at randome, <lb/>with the &longs;elf &longs;ame piece, powder, and ball, the one towards the Ea&longs;t, <lb/>the other towards the We&longs;t, let him tell me what it is that per&longs;wades <lb/>him to think that the Range towards the We&longs;t (if the diurnal con­<lb/>ver&longs;ion belonged to the Earth) ought to be much longer than that <lb/>towards the Ea&longs;t.<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg335"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg335"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The rea&longs;on why <lb/>a Gun &longs;hould &longs;iem <lb/>to carry farther to­<lb/>wards the We&longs;t <lb/>than towards the <lb/>Ea&longs;t.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMP. </s>
<s>I am moved &longs;o to think; becau&longs;e in the &longs;hot made to­<lb/>wards the Ea&longs;t, the ball whil'&longs;t it is out of the piece, is follow­<lb/>ed by the &longs;aid piece, the which being carried round by the Earth, <lb/>runneth al&longs;o with much velocity towards the &longs;ame part, where­<lb/>upon the fall of the ball to the ground, cometh to be but little <lb/>di&longs;tant from the piece. </s>
<s>On the contrary in the &longs;hot towards the <lb/>We&longs;t, before that the ball falleth to the ground, the piece is re­<lb/>tired very far towards the Ea&longs;t, by which means the &longs;pace be­<lb/>tween the ball and the piece, that is Range, will appear longer <lb/>than the other, by how much the piece, that is the Earth, had <lb/>run in the time that both the bals were in the air.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>I could wi&longs;h, that we did know &longs;ome way to make an <lb/>experiment corre&longs;ponding to the motion of the&longs;e projects, as that <lb/>of the &longs;hip doth to the motion of things perpendicularly falling <lb/>from on high; and I am thinking how it may be done.</s></p><p type="main">
<s><arrow.to.target n="marg336"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg336"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The experiment <lb/>of a running cha­<lb/>riot to find out the <lb/>difference of Ran­<lb/>ges.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>I believe, that it would be a very oppo&longs;ite proof, to <lb/>take an open Chariot, and to accomodate therein a ^{*}Stock-bow <lb/>at half elevation, to the end the flight may prove the greate&longs;t </s></p><p type="main">
<s><arrow.to.target n="marg337"></arrow.to.target><lb/>that my be, and whil'&longs;t the hor&longs;es &longs;hall run, to &longs;hoot fir&longs;t towards <lb/>the part whither you drive, and then another backwards towards <lb/>the contrary part, cau&longs;ing &longs;ome one to mark diligently where <lb/>the Chariot was in that moment f time when the &longs;haft came to <pb pagenum="149"/>the ground, as well in the one &longs;hot as in the other: for thus you <lb/>may &longs;ee exactly how much one &longs;haft flew farther than the other.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg337"></margin.target>* Bale&longs;trone da bol­<lb/>zoni.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMP. </s>
<s>In my thoughts this experiment is very proper: and I <lb/>do not doubt but that the flight, that is, the &longs;pace between the <lb/>&longs;haft and the place where the chariot was at the &longs;hafts fall, will be <lb/>le&longs;s by much when one &longs;hooteth towards the chariots cour&longs;e, than <lb/>when one &longs;hooteth the contrary way. </s>
<s>For an example, let the <lb/>flight of it &longs;elf be three hundred yards, and the cour&longs;e of the cha­<lb/>riot in the time whil&longs;t the &longs;haft &longs;tayeth in the air, an hundred <lb/>yards, therefore &longs;hooting towards the cour&longs;e, of the three hundred <lb/>yards of the flight, the chariot will have gone one hundred; &longs;o <lb/>then at the &longs;hafts coming to the ground, the &longs;pace between it and <lb/>the chariot, &longs;hall be but two hundred yards onely; but on the <lb/>contrary, in the other &longs;hoot, the chariot running contrary to the <lb/>&longs;haft, when the &longs;haft &longs;hall have pa&longs;&longs;ed its three hundred yards, and <lb/>the chariot its other hundred the contrary way, the di&longs;tance inter­<lb/>po&longs;ing &longs;hall be found to be four hundred yards.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>Is there any way to &longs;hoot &longs;o that the&longs;e flights may be <lb/>equal?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMP. </s>
<s>I know no other way, unle&longs;s by making the chariot to <lb/>&longs;tand &longs;till.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>This we know; but I mean when the chariot runneth <lb/>in full carreer.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMP. </s>
<s>In that ca&longs;e you are to draw the Bow higher in &longs;hoot­<lb/>ing forwards, and to &longs;lack it in &longs;hooting the contrary way.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>Then you &longs;ee that there is one way more. </s>
<s>But how <lb/>much is the bow to be drawn, and how much &longs;lackened?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMP. </s>
<s>In our ca&longs;e, where we have &longs;uppo&longs;ed that the bow car­<lb/>ried three hundred yards, it would be requi&longs;ite to draw it &longs;o, as <lb/>that it might carry four hundred, and in the other to &longs;lacken it &longs;o, <lb/>as that it might carry no more than two hundred. </s>
<s>For &longs;o each <lb/>of the flights would be but three hundred in relation to the chariot, <lb/>the which, with its cour&longs;e of an hundred yards which it &longs;ub&longs;tracts <lb/>from the &longs;hoot of four hundred, and addeth to that of two hun­<lb/>dred, would reduce them both to three hundred.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>But what effect hath the greater or le&longs;s inten&longs;ne&longs;s of the <lb/>bow upon the &longs;haft?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMP. </s>
<s>The &longs;tiffer bow carrieth it with greater velocity, and the <lb/>weaker with le&longs;s; and the &longs;ame &longs;haft flieth &longs;o much farther at one <lb/>time than another, with how much greater velocity it goeth out of <lb/>the tiller at one time, than another.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>So that to make the &longs;haft &longs;hot either way, to flie at e­<lb/>qual di&longs;tance from the running chariot, it is requi&longs;ite, that if in the <lb/>fir&longs;t &longs;hoot of the precedent example, it goeth out of the tiller with <lb/><emph type="italics"/>v. </s>
<s>g.<emph.end type="italics"/> four degrees of velocity, that then in the other &longs;hoot it de­<pb pagenum="150"/>part but with two onely: but if the &longs;ame bow be u&longs;ed, it always <lb/>receiveth thence three degrees.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMP. </s>
<s>It doth &longs;o; and for this rea&longs;on, &longs;hooting with the <lb/>&longs;ame bow in the chariots cour&longs;e, the &longs;hoots cannot be equal.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>I had forgot to ask, with what velocity it is &longs;uppo&longs;ed in <lb/>this particular experiment, that the chariot runneth.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMP. </s>
<s>The velocity of the chariot mu&longs;t be &longs;uppo&longs;ed to be one <lb/>degree in compari&longs;on to that of the bow, which is three,</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>Very right, for &longs;o computation gives it. </s>
<s>But tell me, <lb/>when the chariot moveth, doth not all things in the &longs;ame move <lb/>with the &longs;ame velocity?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMP. </s>
<s>Yes doubtle&longs;s.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>Then &longs;o doth the &longs;haft al&longs;o, and the bow, and the &longs;tring, <lb/>upon which the &longs;haft is nock't.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMP. </s>
<s>They do &longs;o.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>Why then, in di&longs;charging the &longs;haft towards the cour&longs;e <lb/>of the chariot, the bow impre&longs;&longs;eth its three degrees of velocity on <lb/>a &longs;haft that had one degree of velocity before, by means of the <lb/>chariot which tran&longs;ported it &longs;o fa&longs;t towards that part; &longs;o that in <lb/>its going off it hath four degrees of velocity. </s>
<s>On the contrary, <lb/>in the other &longs;hoot, the &longs;ame bow conferreth its &longs;ame three degrees <lb/>of velocity on a &longs;haft that moveth the contrary way, with one de­<lb/>gree; &longs;o that in its departing from the bow-&longs;tring, it hath no more <lb/>left but onely two degrees of velocity. </s>
<s>But you your &longs;elf have <lb/>already &longs;aid, that the way to make the &longs;hoots equal, is to cau&longs;e <lb/>that the &longs;haft be let flie the fir&longs;t time with four degrees of velocity, <lb/>and the &longs;econd time with two. </s>
<s>Therefore without changing the <lb/>bow, the very cour&longs;e of the chariot is that which adju&longs;teth the <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg338"></arrow.to.target><lb/>flights, and the experiment doth &longs;o repre&longs;ent them to any one who <lb/>is not either wilfully or naturally incapable of rea&longs;on. </s>
<s>Now <lb/>apply this di&longs;cour&longs;e to Gunnery, and you &longs;hall find, that whether the <lb/>Earth move or &longs;tand &longs;till, the &longs;hots made with the &longs;ame force, will <lb/>always curry equal ranges, to what part &longs;oever aimed. </s>
<s>The error <lb/>of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle, Ptolomey, Iycho,<emph.end type="italics"/> your &longs;elf, and all the re&longs;t, is ground­<lb/>ed upon that fixed and &longs;trong per&longs;ua&longs;ion, that the Earth &longs;tandeth <lb/>&longs;till, which you have not judgment nor power to depo&longs;e, no not <lb/>when you have a de&longs;ire to argue of that which would en&longs;ue, pre­<lb/>&longs;uppo&longs;ing the Earth to move. </s>
<s>And thus, in the other argument, <lb/>not con&longs;idering that whil'&longs;t the &longs;tone is upon the Tower, it doth, <lb/>as to moving or not moving, the &longs;ame that the Terre&longs;trial Globe <lb/>doth, becau&longs;e you have concluded with your &longs;elf, that the Earth <lb/>&longs;tands &longs;till, you always di&longs;cour&longs;e touching the fall of the &longs;tone, as <lb/>if it were to depart from re&longs;t: whereas it behooveth to &longs;ay, that <lb/>if the Earth &longs;tandeth &longs;till, the &longs;tone departeth from re&longs;t, and de­<lb/>&longs;cendeth perpendicularly; but if the Earth do move, the &longs;tone <pb pagenum="151"/>likewi&longs;e moveth with like velocity, nor doth it depart from re&longs;t, <lb/>but from a motion equal to that of the Earth, wherewith it inter­<lb/>mixeth the &longs;upervenient motion of de&longs;cent, and of tho&longs;e two com­<lb/>po&longs;eth a third which is tran&longs;ver&longs;al or &longs;ide-ways.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg338"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The &longs;olution of <lb/>the argument ta­<lb/>ken from great­<lb/>Guns &longs;hot towards <lb/>the East & We&longs;t.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMP. </s>
<s>But for Gods &longs;ake, if it move tran&longs;ver&longs;ly, how is it that <lb/>I behold it to move directly and perpendicularly? </s>
<s>This is no bet­<lb/>ter than the denial of manife&longs;t &longs;en&longs;e; and if we may not believe <lb/>&longs;en&longs;e, at what other door &longs;hall we enter into di&longs;qui&longs;itions of Philo­<lb/>&longs;ophy?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>In re&longs;pect to the Earth, to the Tower, and to our &longs;elves, <lb/>which all as one piece move with the diurnal motion together with <lb/>the &longs;tone, the diurnal motion is as if it never had been, and becom­<lb/>eth in&longs;en&longs;ible, imperceptible, and without any action at all; and <lb/>the onely motion which we can perceive, is that of which we par­<lb/>take not, that is the de&longs;cent gliding along the &longs;ide of the Tower: <lb/>You are not the fir&longs;t that hath felt great repugnance in apprehen­<lb/>ding this non-operating of motion upon things to which it is com­<lb/>mon.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>Now I do remember a certain conceipt, that came one <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg339"></arrow.to.target><lb/>day into my fancy, whil&longs;t I &longs;ailed in my voyage to <emph type="italics"/>Aleppo,<emph.end type="italics"/> whither <lb/>I went Con&longs;ul for our Countrey, and po&longs;&longs;ibly it may be of &longs;ome <lb/>u&longs;e, for explaining this nullity of operation of common motion, <lb/>and being as if it never were to all the partakers thereof. </s>
<s>And if <lb/>it &longs;tand with the good liking of <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> I will rea&longs;on with <lb/>him upon that which then I thought of by my &longs;elf alone.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg339"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>A notable ca&longs;e <lb/>of<emph.end type="italics"/> Sagredus, <emph type="italics"/>to &longs;hew <lb/>the non-operating <lb/>of common motion.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMP. </s>
<s>The novelty of the things which I hear, makes me not <lb/>&longs;o much a patient, as a greedy and curious auditor: therefore go <lb/>on.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>If the neb of a writing pen, that I carried along with <lb/>me in the &longs;hip, through all my navigation from <emph type="italics"/>Venice<emph.end type="italics"/> to ^{*} <emph type="italics"/>Scan-<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg340"></arrow.to.target><lb/><emph type="italics"/>deron,<emph.end type="italics"/> had had a facultie of leaving vi&longs;ible marks of its whole voy­<lb/>age, what &longs;igns, what marks, what lines would it have left?</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg340"></margin.target>* Ale&longs;&longs;andretta.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMP. </s>
<s>It would have left a line di&longs;tended from <emph type="italics"/>Venice<emph.end type="italics"/> thither, <lb/>not perfectly &longs;treight, or to &longs;ay better, di&longs;tended in a perfect arch <lb/>of a circle, but in &longs;ome places more, in &longs;ome le&longs;s curved, according <lb/>as the ve&longs;&longs;el had gone more or le&longs;s fluctuating; but this its infle­<lb/>cting in &longs;ome places a fathom or two to the right hand or to the <lb/>left, upwards or downwards, in a length of many hundred miles, <lb/>would have brought but little alteration to the intire tract of the <lb/>line, &longs;o that it would have been hardly &longs;en&longs;ible; and without any <lb/>con&longs;iderable error, might have been called the part of a perfect <lb/>arch.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>So that the true and mo&longs;t exact motion of the neb of <lb/>my pen would have al&longs;o been an arch of a perfect circle, if the <lb/>ve&longs;&longs;els motion, the fluctuation of the billows cea&longs;ing, had been <pb pagenum="152"/>calm and tranquill. </s>
<s>And if I had continually held that pen in <lb/>my hand, and had onely moved it &longs;ometimes an inch or two this <lb/>way or that way, what alteration &longs;hould I have made in that its <lb/>principal, and very long tract or &longs;troke?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMP. </s>
<s>Le&longs;s than that which the declining in &longs;everal places from <lb/>ab&longs;olute rectitude, but the quantity of a flea's eye makes in a right <lb/>line of a thou&longs;and yards long.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>If a Painter, then, at our launching from the Port, had <lb/>began to de&longs;ign upon a paper with that pen, and continued his <lb/>work till he came to <emph type="italics"/>Scanderon,<emph.end type="italics"/> he would have been able to have <lb/>taken by its motion a perfect draught of all tho&longs;e figures perfectly <lb/>interwoven and &longs;hadowed on &longs;everal &longs;ides with countreys, build­<lb/>ings, living creatures, and other things; albeit all the true, real, <lb/>and e&longs;&longs;ential motion traced out by the neb of that pen, would <lb/>have been no other than a very long, but &longs;imple line: and as to <lb/>the proper operation of the Painter, he would have delineated the <lb/>&longs;ame to an hair, if the &longs;hip had &longs;tood &longs;till. </s>
<s>That therefore of the <lb/>huge long motion of the pen there doth remain no other marks, <lb/>than tho&longs;e tracks drawn upon the paper, the rea&longs;on thereof is be­<lb/>cau&longs;e the grand motion from <emph type="italics"/>Venice<emph.end type="italics"/> to <emph type="italics"/>Scanderon,<emph.end type="italics"/> was common to <lb/>the paper, the pen, and all that which was in the &longs;hip: but the petty <lb/>motions forwards and backwards, to the right, to the left, com­<lb/>municated by the fingers of the Painter unto the pen, and not to <lb/>the paper, as being peculiar thereunto, might leave marks of it &longs;elf <lb/>upon the paper, which did not move with that motion. </s>
<s>Thus it <lb/>is likewi&longs;e true, that the Earth moving, the motion of the &longs;tone in <lb/>de&longs;cending downwards, was really a long tract of many hundreds <lb/>and thou&longs;ands of yards, and if it could have been able to have de­<lb/>lineated in a calm air, or other &longs;uperficies, the track of its cour&longs;e, <lb/>it would have left behind an huge long tran&longs;ver&longs;e line. </s>
<s>But that <lb/>part of all this motion which is common to the &longs;tone, the Tower, <lb/>and our &longs;elves, is imperceptible to us, and as if it had never been, <lb/>and that part onely remaineth ob&longs;ervable, of which neither the <lb/>Tower nor we are partakers, which is in fine, that wherewith the <lb/>&longs;tone falling mea&longs;ureth the Tower.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>A mo&longs;t witty conceipt to clear up this point, which was <lb/>not a little difficult to many capacities. </s>
<s>Now if <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> will <lb/>make no farther reply, we may pa&longs;s to the other experiments, the <lb/>unfolding of which will receive no &longs;mall facility from the things <lb/>already declared.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMP. </s>
<s>I have nothing more to &longs;ay: and I was well-nigh tran&longs;­<lb/>ported with that delineation, and with thinking how tho&longs;e &longs;trokes <lb/>drawn &longs;o many ways, hither, thither, upwards, downwards, for­<lb/>wards, backwards, and interwoven with thou&longs;ands of turnings, are <lb/>not e&longs;&longs;entially or really other, than &longs;mall pieces of one &longs;ole line <pb pagenum="153"/>drawn all one way, and the &longs;ame without any other alteration &longs;ave <lb/>the declining the direct rectitude, &longs;ometimes a very in&longs;en&longs;ible mat­<lb/>ter towards one &longs;ide or another, and the pens moving its neb one <lb/>while &longs;ofter, another while &longs;lower, but with very &longs;mall inequality. <lb/></s>
<s>And I think that it would in the &longs;ame manner write a letter, and <lb/>that tho&longs;e frollike penmen, who to &longs;hew their command of hand, <lb/>without taking their pen from the paper in one &longs;ole &longs;troke, with <lb/>infinite turnings draw a plea&longs;ant knot, if they were in a boat that <lb/>did tide it along &longs;wiftly they would convert the whole motion <lb/>of the pen, which in reality is but one &longs;ole line, drawn all towards <lb/>one and the &longs;ame part, and very little curved, or declining from <lb/>perfect rectitude, into a knot or flouri&longs;h. </s>
<s>And I am much plea&longs;ed <lb/>that <emph type="italics"/>S agredus<emph.end type="italics"/> hath helped me to this conceit: therefore let us go <lb/>on, for the hope of meeting with more of them, will make me the <lb/>&longs;tricter in my attention.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>If you have a curio&longs;ity to hear &longs;uch like &longs;ubtilties, which <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg341"></arrow.to.target><lb/>occurr not thus to every one, you will find no want of them, e&longs;pe­<lb/>cially in this particular of Navigation; and do you not think that a <lb/>witty conceit which I met with likewi&longs;e in the &longs;ame voyage, when I <lb/>ob&longs;erved that the ma&longs;t of the &longs;hip, without either breaking or bend­<lb/>ing, had made a greater voyage with its round-top, that is with its <lb/>top-gallant, than with its foot; for the round top being more di&longs;tant <lb/>from the centre of the Earth than the foot is, it had de&longs;cribed the <lb/>arch of a circle bigger than the circle by which the foot had pa&longs;&longs;ed.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg341"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Subtilties &longs;uffici­<lb/>ently in&longs;ipid, ironi­<lb/>cally, &longs;poken and <lb/>taken from a cer­<lb/>tain<emph.end type="italics"/> Encyclopædia.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMP. </s>
<s>And thus when a man walketh he goeth farther with <lb/>his head than with his feet.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>You have found out the matter your &longs;elf by help of <lb/>your own mother-wit: But let us not interrupt <emph type="italics"/>Salviatus.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>It plea&longs;eth me to &longs;ee <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> how he &longs;ootheth up <lb/>him&longs;elf in this conceit, if happly it be his own, and that he hath not <lb/>borrowed it from a certain little pamphlet of conclu&longs;ions, where <lb/>there are a great many more &longs;uch fancies no le&longs;s plea&longs;ant & witty. <lb/></s>
<s>It followeth that we &longs;peak of the peice of Ordinance mounted per­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg342"></arrow.to.target><lb/>pendicular to the Horizon, that is, of a &longs;hot towards our vertical <lb/>point, and to conclude, of the return of the ball by the &longs;ame line <lb/>unto the &longs;ame peice, though that in the long time which it is &longs;e­<lb/>parated from the peice, the earth hath tran&longs;ported it many miles <lb/>towards the Ea&longs;t; now it &longs;eemeth, that the ball ought to fall a like <lb/>di&longs;tance from the peice towards the We&longs;t; the which doth not <lb/>happen: therefore the peice without having been moved did &longs;tay <lb/>expecting the &longs;ame. </s>
<s>The an&longs;wer is the &longs;ame with that of the <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg343"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;tone falling from the Tower; and all the fallacy, and equivocati­<lb/>on con&longs;i&longs;teth in &longs;uppo&longs;ing &longs;till for true, that which is in que&longs;tion; <lb/>for the Opponent hath it &longs;till fixed in his conceit that the <lb/>ball departs from its re&longs;t, being di&longs;charged by the fire <pb pagenum="154"/>from the piece; and the departing from the &longs;tate of re&longs;t, cannot <lb/>be, unle&longs;&longs;e the immobility of the Terre&longs;trial Globe be pre&longs;uppo­<lb/>&longs;ed, which is the conclu&longs;ion of that was in di&longs;pute; Therefore, <lb/>I reply, that tho&longs;e who make the Earth moveable, an&longs;wer, that <lb/>the piece, and the ball that is in it, partake of the &longs;ame motion <lb/>with the Earth; nay that they have this together with her from <lb/>nature; and that therefore the ball departs in no other manner <lb/>from its quie&longs;cence, but conjoyned with its motion about the cen­<lb/>tre, the which by its projection upwards, is neither taken away, <lb/>nor hindered; and in this manner following, the univer&longs;al motion <lb/>of the Earth towards the Ea&longs;t, it alwayes keepeth perpendicular <lb/>over the &longs;aid piece, as well in its ri&longs;e as in its return. </s>
<s>And the <lb/>&longs;ame you &longs;ee to en&longs;ue, in making the experiment in a &longs;hip with <lb/>a bullet &longs;hot upwards perpendicularly with a Cro&longs;&longs;e-bow, which <lb/>returneth to the &longs;ame place whether the &longs;hip doth move, or &longs;tand <lb/>&longs;till.<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg344"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg342"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>An in&longs;tance a­<lb/>gainst the diurnal <lb/>motion of the earth, <lb/>taken from the &longs;hot <lb/>of a Peece of Ordi­<lb/>nance perpendicu­<lb/>larly.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg343"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The an&longs;wer to the <lb/>objection, &longs;hewing <lb/>the equivoke.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg344"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Another an&longs;wer <lb/>to the &longs;ame objecti­<lb/>on.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>This &longs;atisfieth very well to all; but becau&longs;e that I have <lb/>&longs;een that <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> taketh plea&longs;ure with certain &longs;ubtilties to <lb/>puzzle his companions, I will demand of him whether, &longs;uppo­<lb/>&longs;ing for this time that the Earth &longs;tandeth &longs;till, and the piece ere­<lb/>cted upon it perpendicularly, directed to our Zenith, he do at all <lb/>que&longs;tion that to be the true perpendicular &longs;hot, and that the ball <lb/>in departing, and in its return is to go by the &longs;ame right line, <lb/>&longs;till &longs;uppo&longs;ing all external and accidental impediments to be re­<lb/>moved?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMP. </s>
<s>I under&longs;tand that the matter ought to &longs;ucceed exactly <lb/>in that manner.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>But if the piece were placed, not perpendicularly, but <lb/>inclining towards &longs;ome place, what would the motion of the ball <lb/>be? </s>
<s>Would it go haply, as in the other &longs;hot, by the perpendi­<lb/>cular line, and return again by the &longs;ame?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMP. </s>
<s>It would not &longs;o do; but i&longs;&longs;uing out of the piece, it <lb/>would pur&longs;ue its motion by a right line which prolongeth the e­<lb/>rect perpendicularity of the concave cylinder of the piece, unle&longs;&longs;e <lb/>&longs;o far as its own weight would make it decline from that erection <lb/>towards the Earth.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>So that the mounture of the cylinder is the regulator of <lb/>the motion of the ball, nor doth it, or would it move out of that <lb/>line, if its own gravity did not make it decline downwards. </s>
<s>And </s></p><p type="main">
<s><arrow.to.target n="marg345"></arrow.to.target><lb/>therefore placing the cylinder perpendicularly, and &longs;hooting the <lb/>ball upwards, it returneth by the &longs;ame right line downwards; be­<lb/>cau&longs;e the motion of the ball dependent on its gravity is down­<lb/>ward, by the &longs;ame perpendicular. </s>
<s>The journey therefore of the <lb/>ball out of the piece, continueth or prolongeth the rectitude or <lb/>perpendicularity of that &longs;mall part of the &longs;aid journey, which it <lb/>made within the &longs;aid piece; is it not &longs;o?</s></p><pb pagenum="155"/><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg345"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Projects conti­<lb/>nue their motion <lb/>by the right line <lb/>that followeth the <lb/>direction of the <lb/>motion, made to­<lb/>gether with the <lb/>projicient, whil'&longs;t <lb/>they were conjoin'd <lb/>therewith.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMP. </s>
<s>So it is, in my opinion.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>Now imagine the cylinder to be erected, and that the <lb/>Earth doth revolve about with a diurnal motion, carrying the <lb/>piece along with it, tell me what &longs;hall be the motion of the ball <lb/>within the cylinder, having given fire?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMP. </s>
<s>It &longs;hall be a &longs;treight and perpendicular motion, the cylin­<lb/>der being erected perpendicularly.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>Con&longs;ider well what you &longs;ay: for I believe that it will <lb/>not be perpendicular. </s>
<s>It would indeed be perpendicular, if the <lb/>Earth &longs;tood &longs;till, for &longs;o the ball would have no other motion but <lb/>that proceeding from the fire. </s>
<s>But in ca&longs;e the Earth turns round, <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg346"></arrow.to.target><lb/>the ball that is in the piece, hath likewi&longs;e a diurnal motion, &longs;o <lb/>that there being added to the &longs;ame the impul&longs;e of the fire, it mo­<lb/>veth from the breech of the piece to the muzzle with two motions, <lb/>from the compo&longs;ition whereof it cometh to pa&longs;&longs;e that the motion <lb/>made by the centre of the balls gravity is an inclining line. </s>
<s>And <lb/>for your clearer under&longs;tanding the &longs;ame, let the piece A C [<emph type="italics"/>in <lb/>Fig.<emph.end type="italics"/> 2.] be erected, and in it the ball B; it is manife&longs;t, that the <lb/>piece &longs;tanding immoveable, and fire being given to it, the ball <lb/>will make its way out by the mouth A, and with its centre, pa&longs;­<lb/>&longs;ing thorow the the piece, &longs;hall have de&longs;cribed the perpendicular <lb/>line B A, and it &longs;hall pur&longs;ue that rectitude when it is out of the <lb/>piece, moving toward the Zenith. </s>
<s>But in ca&longs;e the Earth &longs;hould <lb/>move round, and con&longs;equently carry the piece along with it, in <lb/>the time that the ball driven out of the piece &longs;hall move along <lb/>the cylinder, the piece being carried by the Earth, &longs;hall pa&longs;&longs;e in­<lb/>to the &longs;ituation D E, and the ball B, in going off, would be at <lb/>the corni&longs;h D, and the motion of the bals centre, would have <lb/>been according to the line B D, no longer perpendicular, but in­<lb/>clining towards the Ea&longs;t; and the ball (as hath been concluded) <lb/>being to continue its motion through the air, according to the <lb/>direction of the motion made in the piece, the &longs;aid motion &longs;hall <lb/>continue on according to the inclination of the line B D, and &longs;o <lb/>&longs;hall no longer be perpendicular, but inclined towards the Ea&longs;t, <lb/>to which part the piece doth al&longs;o move; whereupon the ball may <lb/>follow the motion of the Eerth, and of the piece. </s>
<s>Now <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>you &longs;ee it demon&longs;trated, that the Range which you took to be <lb/>perpendicular, is not &longs;o.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg346"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The revolution <lb/>of the Earth &longs;up­<lb/>po&longs;ed, the ball in <lb/>the piece erected <lb/>perpendicularly, <lb/>doth not move by a <lb/>perpendicular, but <lb/>an inclined line.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMP. </s>
<s>I do not very well under&longs;tand this bu&longs;ine&longs;s; do you, <lb/><emph type="italics"/>Salviatus<emph.end type="italics"/>?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>I apprehend it in part; but I have a certain kind of <lb/>&longs;cruple, which I wi&longs;h I knew how to expre&longs;s. </s>
<s>It &longs;eems to me, that <lb/>according to what hath been &longs;aid, if the Piece be erected perpen­<lb/>dicular, and the Earth do move, the ball would not be to fall, as <lb/><emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Tycho<emph.end type="italics"/> will have it, far from the Piece towards the <pb pagenum="156"/>We&longs;t, nor as you would have it, upon the Piece, but rather far <lb/>di&longs;tant towards the Ea&longs;t. </s>
<s>For according to yo<gap/>r explanation, it <lb/>would have two motions, the which would with one con&longs;ent carry <lb/>it thitherward, to wit, the common motion of the Earth, which <lb/>carrieth the Piece and the ball from C A towards E D; and the <lb/>fire which carrieth it by the inclined line B D, both motions to­<lb/>wards the Ea&longs;t, and therefore they are &longs;uperiour to the motion of <lb/>the Earth.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>Not &longs;o, Sir. </s>
<s>The motion which carrieth the ball to­<lb/>wards the Ea&longs;t, cometh all from the Earth, and the fire hath no <lb/>part at all therein: the motion which mounteth the ball upwards, <lb/>is wholly of fire, wherewith the Earth hath nothing to do. </s>
<s>And <lb/>that it is &longs;o, if you give not fire, the ball will never go out of the <lb/>Piece, nor yet ri&longs;e upwards a hairs breadth; as al&longs;o if you make <lb/>the Earth immoveable, and give fire, the ball without any incli­<lb/>nation &longs;hall go perpendicularly upwards. </s>
<s>The ball therefore ha­<lb/>ving two motions, one upwards, and the other in gyration, of both <lb/>which the tran&longs;ver&longs;e line B D is compounded, the impul&longs;e upward <lb/>is wholly of fire, the circular cometh wholly from the Earth, and <lb/>is equal to the Earths motion: and being equal to it, the ball <lb/>maintaineth it &longs;elf all the way directly over the mouth of the <lb/>Piece, and at la&longs;t falleth back into the &longs;ame: and becau&longs;e it al­<lb/>ways ob&longs;erveth the erection of the Piece, it appeareth al&longs;o conti­<lb/>nually over the head of him that is near the Piece, and therefore <lb/>it appeareth to mount exactly perpendicular towards our Zenith, <lb/>or vertical point.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMP. </s>
<s>I have yet one doubt more remaining, and it is, that in <lb/>regard the motion of the ball is very &longs;wift in the Piece, it &longs;eems <lb/>not po&longs;&longs;ible, that in that moment of time the tran&longs;po&longs;ition of the <lb/>Piece from C A to A D &longs;hould confer &longs;uch an inclination upon <lb/>the tran&longs;ver&longs;e line C D, that by means thereof, the ball when it <lb/>cometh afterwards into the air &longs;hould be able to follow the cour&longs;e <lb/>of the Earth.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>You err upon many accounts; and fir&longs;t, the inclination <lb/>of the tran&longs;ver&longs;e line C D, I believe it is much greater than you <lb/>take it to be, for I verily think that the velocity of the Earths mo­<lb/>tion, not onely under the Equinoctial, but in our paralel al&longs;o, is <lb/>greater than that of the ball whil&longs;t it moveth in the Piece; &longs;o that <lb/>the interval C E would be ab&longs;olutely much bigger than the whole <lb/>length of the Piece, and the inclination of the tran&longs;ver&longs;e line con­<lb/>&longs;equently bigger than half a right angle: but be the velocity of <lb/>the Earth more, or be it le&longs;s, in compari&longs;on of the velocity of the <lb/>fire, this imports nothing; for if the velocity of the Earth be &longs;mall, <lb/>and con&longs;equently the inclination of the tran&longs;ver&longs;e line be little <lb/>al&longs;o; there is then al&longs;o need but of little inclination to make the <pb pagenum="157"/>ball &longs;u&longs;pend it &longs;elf in its range directly over the Piece. </s>
<s>And in a <lb/>word, if you do but attentively con&longs;ider, you will comprehend, <lb/>that the motion of the Earth in transferring the Piece along with <lb/>it from C A to E D, conferreth upon the tran&longs;ver&longs;e line C D, &longs;o <lb/>much of little or great inclination, as is required to adju&longs;t the <lb/>range to its perpendicularity. </s>
<s>But you err, &longs;econdly, in that you <lb/>referr the faculty of carrying the ball along with the Earth to the <lb/>impul&longs;e of the fire, and you run into the &longs;ame error, into which <lb/><emph type="italics"/>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"/> but even now &longs;eemed to have fallen; for the faculty <lb/>of following the motion of the Earth, is the primary and perpetual <lb/>motion, indelibly and in&longs;eparably imparted to the &longs;aid ball, as to a <lb/>thing terre&longs;trial, and that of its own nature doth and ever &longs;hall <lb/>po&longs;&longs;e&longs;s the &longs;ame.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>Let us yield, <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> for the bu&longs;ine&longs;s is ju&longs;t as he <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg347"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;aith. </s>
<s>And now from this di&longs;cour&longs;e let us come to under&longs;tand the <lb/>rea&longs;on of a Venatorian Problem, of tho&longs;e Fowlers who with their <lb/>guns &longs;hoot a bird flying; and becau&longs;e I did imagine, that in regard <lb/>the bird flieth a great pace, therefore they &longs;hould aim their &longs;hot far <lb/>from the bird, anticipating its flight for a certain &longs;pace, and more <lb/>or le&longs;s according to its velocity and the di&longs;tance of the bird, that <lb/>&longs;o the bullet ha&longs;ting directly to the mark aimed at, it might come <lb/>to arrive at the &longs;elf &longs;ame time in the &longs;ame point with its motion, <lb/>and the bird with its flight, and by that means one to encounter <lb/>the other: and asking one of them, if their practi&longs;e was not &longs;o <lb/>to do; He told me, no; but that the &longs;light was very ea&longs;ie and <lb/>certain, and that they took aim ju&longs;t in the &longs;ame manner as if they <lb/>had &longs;hot at a bird that did &longs;it &longs;till; that is, they made the flying <lb/>bird their mark, and by moving their fowling-piece they followed <lb/>her, keeping their aim &longs;till full upon her, till &longs;uch time as they let <lb/>fly, and in this manner &longs;hot her as they did others &longs;itting &longs;till. </s>
<s>It is <lb/>nece&longs;&longs;ary therefore that that motion, though &longs;low, which the fowl­<lb/>ing-piece maketh in turning and following after the flight of the <lb/>bird do communicate it &longs;elf to the bullet al&longs;o, and that it be joyned <lb/>with that of the fire; &longs;o that the ball hath from the fire the mo­<lb/>tion directly upwards, and from the concave Cylinder of the barrel <lb/>the declination according to the flight of the Bird, ju&longs;t as was &longs;aid <lb/>before of the &longs;hot of a Canon; where the ball receiveth from the <lb/>fire a virtue of mounting upwards towards the Zenith, and from <lb/>the motion of the Earth its winding towards the Ea&longs;t, and of both <lb/>maketh a compound motion that followeth the cour&longs;e of the <lb/>Earth, and that to the beholder &longs;eemeth onely to go directly up­<lb/>wards, and return again downwards by the &longs;ame line. </s>
<s>The hold­<lb/>ing therefore of the gun continually directed towards the mark, <lb/>maketh the &longs;hoot hit right, and that you may keep your gun di­<lb/>rected to the mark, in ca&longs;e the mark &longs;tands &longs;till, you mu&longs;t al&longs;o hold <pb pagenum="158"/>your gun &longs;till; and if the mark &longs;hall move, the gun mu&longs;t be kept upon <lb/>the mark by moving. </s>
<s>And upon this dependeth the proper an&longs;wer <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg348"></arrow.to.target><lb/>to the other argument taken from the &longs;hot of a Canon, at the <lb/>mark placed towards the South o<gap/> North: wherein is alledged, <lb/>that if the Earth &longs;hould move, the &longs;hots would all range We&longs;t­<lb/>ward of the mark, becau&longs;e that in the time whil&longs;t the ball, being <lb/>forc'd out of the Piece, goeth through the air to the mark, the &longs;aid <lb/>mark being carried toward the Ea&longs;t, would leave the ball to the <lb/>We&longs;tward. </s>
<s>I an&longs;wer therefore, demanding whether if the Ca­<lb/>non be aimed true at the mark, and permitted &longs;o to continue, it <lb/>will con&longs;tantly hit the &longs;aid mark, whether the Earth move or &longs;tand <lb/>&longs;till? </s>
<s>It mu&longs;t be replied, that the aim altereth not at all, for if <lb/>the mark doth &longs;tand &longs;till, the Piece al&longs;o doth &longs;tand &longs;till, and if it, <lb/>being tran&longs;ported by the Earths motion, doth move, the Piece doth <lb/>al&longs;o move at the &longs;ame rate, and, the aim maintained, the &longs;hot <lb/>proveth always true, as by what hath been &longs;aid above, is mani­<lb/>fe&longs;t.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg347"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The manner how <lb/>Fowlers &longs;hoot birds <lb/>flying.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg348"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The an&longs;wer to <lb/>the objection tak n <lb/>from the &longs;hots of <lb/>great Guns made <lb/>towards the North <lb/>and South.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>Stay a little, I entreat you, <emph type="italics"/>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"/> till I have pro­<lb/>pounded a certain conceit touching the&longs;e &longs;hooters of birds flying, <lb/>who&longs;e proceeding I believe to be the &longs;ame which you relate, and <lb/>believe the effect of hitting the bird doth likewi&longs;e follow: but yet <lb/>I cannot think that act altogether conformable to this of &longs;hooting <lb/>in great Guns, which ought to hit as well when the piece and mark <lb/>moveth, as when they both &longs;tand &longs;till; and the&longs;e, in my opinion, <lb/>are the particulars in which they di&longs;agree. </s>
<s>In &longs;hooting with a <lb/>great Gun both it and the mark move with equal velocity, being <lb/>both tran&longs;ported by the motion of the Terre&longs;trial Globe: and al­<lb/>beit &longs;ometimes the piece being planted more towards the Pole, <lb/>than the mark, and con&longs;equently its motion being &longs;omewhat flow­<lb/>er than the motion of the mark, as being made in a le&longs;&longs;er circle, <lb/>&longs;uch a difference is in&longs;en&longs;ible, at that little di&longs;tance of the piece <lb/>from the mark: but in the &longs;hot of the Fowler the motion of the <lb/>Fowling-piece wherewith it goeth following the bird, is very &longs;low <lb/>in compari&longs;on of the flight of the &longs;aid bird; whence me thinks it <lb/>&longs;hould follow, that that &longs;mall motion which the turning of the <lb/>Birding-piece conferreth on the bullet that is within it, cannot, <lb/>when it is once gone forth of it, multiply it &longs;elf in the air, untill it <lb/>come to equal the velocity of the birds flight, &longs;o as that the &longs;aid bullet <lb/>&longs;hould always keep direct upon it: nay, me thinketh the bird <lb/>would anticipate it and leave it behind. </s>
<s>Let me add, that in this <lb/>act, the air through which the bullet is to pa&longs;s, partaketh not of the <lb/>motion of the bird: whereas in the ca&longs;e of the Canon, both it, <lb/>the mark, and the intermediate air, do equally partake of the com­<lb/>mon diurnal motion. </s>
<s>So that the true cau&longs;e of the Marks-man <lb/>his hitting the mark, as it &longs;hould &longs;eem, moreover and be&longs;ides the <pb pagenum="159"/>following the birds flight with the piece, is his &longs;omewhat anticipa­<lb/>ting it, taking his aim before it; as al&longs;o his &longs;hooting (as I believe) <lb/>not with one bullet, but with many &longs;mall balls (called &longs;hot) the <lb/>which &longs;cattering in the air po&longs;&longs;e&longs;s a great &longs;pace; and al&longs;o the ex­<lb/>treme velocity wherewith the&longs;e &longs;hot, being di&longs;charged from the <lb/>Gun, go towards the bird.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>See how far the winged wit of <emph type="italics"/>Sagredus<emph.end type="italics"/> anticipateth, <lb/>and out-goeth the dulne&longs;s of mine; which perhaps would have <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg349"></arrow.to.target><lb/>light upon the&longs;e di&longs;parities, but not without long &longs;tudie. </s>
<s>Now <lb/>turning to the matter in hand, there do remain to be con&longs;idered <lb/>by us the &longs;hots at point blank, towards the Ea&longs;t and towards the <lb/>We&longs;t; the fir&longs;t of which, if the Earth did move, would always <lb/>happen to be too high above the mark, and the &longs;econd too low; <lb/>fora&longs;much as the parts of the Earth Ea&longs;tward, by rea&longs;on of the di­<lb/>urnal motion, do continually de&longs;cend beneath the tangent paralel <lb/>to the Horizon, whereupon the Ea&longs;tern &longs;tars to us appear to a&longs;cend; <lb/>and on the contrary, the parts We&longs;tward do more and more a&longs;­<lb/>cend, whereupon the We&longs;tern &longs;tars do in our &longs;eeming de&longs;cend: <lb/>and therefore the ranges which are leveled according to the &longs;aid <lb/>tangent at the Oriental mark, (which whil&longs;t the ball pa&longs;&longs;eth <lb/>along by the tangent de&longs;cendeth) &longs;hould prove too high, and the <lb/>Occidental too low by means of the elevation of the mark, whil&longs;t <lb/>the ball pa&longs;&longs;eth along the tangent. </s>
<s>The an&longs;wer is like to the re&longs;t: <lb/>for as the Ea&longs;tern mark goeth continually de&longs;cending, by rea&longs;on <lb/>of the Earths motion, under a tangent that continueth immove­<lb/>able; &longs;o likewi&longs;e the piece for the &longs;ame rea&longs;on goeth continually <lb/>inclining, and with its mounture pur&longs;uing the &longs;aid mark: by <lb/>which means the &longs;hot proveth true.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg349"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The an&longs;wer to the <lb/>Argument taken <lb/>from the &longs;hots at <lb/>point blanck to­<lb/>wards the Ea&longs;t & <lb/>We&longs;t.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>But here I think it a convenient opportunity to give notice of <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg350"></arrow.to.target><lb/>certain conce&longs;&longs;ions, which are granted perhaps over liberally by <lb/>the followers of <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"/> unto their Adver&longs;aries: I mean of <lb/>yielding to them certain experiments for &longs;ure and certain, which <lb/>yet the Adver&longs;aries them&longs;elves had never made tryal of: as for <lb/>example, that of things falling from the round-top of a &longs;hip whil&longs;t <lb/>it is in motion, and many others; among&longs;t which I verily believe, <lb/>that this of experimenting whether the &longs;hot made by a Canon to­<lb/>wards the Ea&longs;t proveth too high, and the We&longs;tern &longs;hot too low, <lb/>is one: and becau&longs;e I believe that they have never made tryal <lb/>thereof, I de&longs;ire that they would tell me what difference they <lb/>think ought to happen between the &longs;aid &longs;hots, &longs;uppo&longs;ing the Earth <lb/>moveable, or &longs;uppo&longs;ing it moveable; and let <emph type="italics"/>Simplieius<emph.end type="italics"/> for this <lb/>time an&longs;wer for them.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg350"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The followers of <lb/>Copernicus too <lb/>freely admit cer­<lb/>tain propo&longs;itions for <lb/>true, which are <lb/>very doubtfull.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMP. </s>
<s>I will not undertake to an&longs;wer &longs;o confidently as another <lb/>more intelligent perhaps might do; but &longs;hall &longs;peak what thus upon <lb/>the &longs;udden I think they would reply; which is in effect the &longs;ame <pb pagenum="160"/>with that which hath been &longs;aid already, namely, that in ca&longs;e the <lb/>Earth &longs;hould move, the &longs;hots made Ea&longs;tward would prove too <lb/>high, &c. </s>
<s>the ball, as it is probable, being to move along the tan­<lb/>gent.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>But if I &longs;hould &longs;ay, that &longs;o it falleth out upon triall, <lb/>how would you cen&longs;ure me?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMP. </s>
<s>It is nece&longs;&longs;ary to proceed to experiments for the pro­<lb/>ving of it.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>But do you think, that there is to be found a Gunner &longs;o <lb/>skilful, as to hit the mark at every &longs;hoot, in a di&longs;tance of <emph type="italics"/>v.g.<emph.end type="italics"/> five <lb/>hundred paces?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMP. </s>
<s>No Sir; nay I believe that there is no one, how good a <lb/>marks-man &longs;oever that would promi&longs;e to come within a pace of <lb/>the mark,</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>How can we then, with &longs;hots &longs;o uncertain, a&longs;&longs;ure our <lb/>&longs;elves of that which is in di&longs;pute?</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMP. </s>
<s>We may be a&longs;&longs;ured thereof two wayes; one, by ma­<lb/>king many &longs;hots; the other, becau&longs;e in re&longs;pect of the great velo­<lb/>city of the Earths motion, the deviation from the mark would in <lb/>my opinion be very great.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>Very great, that is more than one pace; in regard that <lb/>the varying &longs;o much, yea and more, is granted to happen ordinarily <lb/>even in the Earths mobility.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMP. </s>
<s>I verily believe the variation from the mark would be <lb/>more than &longs;o.<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg351"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg351"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>A Computation <lb/>how much the ran­<lb/>ges of great &longs;hot <lb/>ought to vary from <lb/>the marke, the <lb/>Earths motion be­<lb/>ing granted.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>Now I de&longs;ire that for our &longs;atisfaction we do make thus <lb/>in gro&longs;&longs;e a &longs;light calculation, if you con&longs;ent thereto, which will <lb/>&longs;tand us in &longs;tead likewi&longs;e (if the computation &longs;ucceed as I expect) <lb/>for a warning how we do in other occurrences &longs;uffer our &longs;elves, as <lb/>the &longs;aying is, to be taken with the enemies &longs;houts, and &longs;urrender <lb/>up our belief to what ever fir&longs;t pre&longs;ents it &longs;elf to our fancy. </s>
<s>And <lb/>now to give all advantages to the <emph type="italics"/>Peripateticks<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Tychonicks,<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>let us &longs;uppo&longs;e our &longs;elves to be under the Equinoctial, there to &longs;hoot <lb/>a piece of Ordinance point blank Ea&longs;twards at a mark five hun­<lb/>dred paces off. </s>
<s>Fir&longs;t, let us &longs;ee thus (as I &longs;aid) in a level, what <lb/>time the &longs;hot after it is gone out of the Piece taketh to arrive at <lb/>the mark; which we know to be very little, and is certainly no <lb/>more than that wherein a travailer walketh two &longs;teps, which al&longs;o <lb/>is le&longs;s than the &longs;econd of a minute of an hour; for &longs;uppo&longs;ing <lb/>that the travailer walketh three miles in an hour, which are nine <lb/>thou&longs;and paces, being that an hour containes three thou&longs;and, &longs;ix <lb/>hundred &longs;econd minutes, the travailer walketh two &longs;teps and an <lb/>half in a &longs;econd, a &longs;econd therefore is more than the time of the <lb/>balls motion. </s>
<s>And for that the diurnal revolution is twenty four <lb/>hours, the We&longs;tern horizon ri&longs;eth fifteen degrees in an hour, that <pb pagenum="161"/>is, fifteen fir&longs;t minutes of a degree, in one fir&longs;t minute of an hour; <lb/>that is, fifteen &longs;econds of a degree, in one &longs;econd of an hour; and <lb/>becau&longs;e one &longs;econd is the time of the &longs;hot, therefore in this time <lb/>the We&longs;tern horizon ri&longs;eth fifteen &longs;econds of a degree, and &longs;o <lb/>much likewi&longs;e the mark; and therefore fifteen &longs;econds of that cir­<lb/>cle, who&longs;e &longs;emidiameter is five hundred paces (for &longs;o much the di­<lb/>&longs;tance of the mark from the Piece was &longs;uppo&longs;ed.) Now let us <lb/>look in the table of Arches and Chords (&longs;ee here is <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"/> his <lb/>book) what part is the chord of fifteen &longs;econds of the &longs;emidiame­<lb/>ter, that is, five hundred paces. </s>
<s>Here you &longs;ee the chord (or &longs;ub­<lb/>ten&longs;e) of a fir&longs;t minute to be le&longs;s than thirty of tho&longs;e parts, of <lb/>which the &longs;emidiameter is an hundred thou&longs;and. </s>
<s>Therefore the <lb/>chord of a &longs;econd minute &longs;hall be le&longs;s then half of one of tho&longs;e <lb/>parts, that is le&longs;s than one of tho&longs;e parts, of whichthe &longs;emidiame­<lb/>ter is two hundred thou&longs;and; and therefore the chord of fifteen <lb/>conds &longs;hall be le&longs;s than fifteen of tho&longs;e &longs;ame two hundred thou&longs;and <lb/>parts; but that which is le&longs;s than <emph type="italics"/>(a)<emph.end type="italics"/> fifteen parts of two hun­</s></p><p type="main">
<s><arrow.to.target n="marg352"></arrow.to.target><lb/>dred thou&longs;and, is al&longs;o more than that which is four cente&longs;mes of <lb/>five hundred; therefore the a&longs;cent of the mark in the time of the <lb/>balls motion is le&longs;&longs;e than four cente&longs;mes, that is, than one twenty <lb/>fifth part of a pace; it &longs;hall be therefore <emph type="italics"/>(b)<emph.end type="italics"/> about two inches: <lb/>And &longs;o much con&longs;equently &longs;hall be the variation of each We&longs;tern <lb/>&longs;hot, the Earth being &longs;uppo&longs;ed to have a diurnal motion. </s>
<s>Now if I <lb/>&longs;hall tell you, that this variation (I mean of falling two inches &longs;hort <lb/>of what they would do in ca&longs;e the Earth did not move) upon tri­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg353"></arrow.to.target><lb/>all doth happen in all &longs;hots, how will you convince me <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>&longs;hewing me by an experiment that it is not &longs;o? </s>
<s>Do you not &longs;ee <lb/>that it is impo&longs;&longs;ible to confute me, unle&longs;s you fir&longs;t find out a way <lb/>to &longs;hoot at a mark with &longs;o much exactne&longs;&longs;e, as never to mi&longs;&longs;e an <lb/>hairs bredth? </s>
<s>For whil&longs;t the ranges of great &longs;hot con&longs;i&longs;t of diffe­<lb/>rent numbers of paces, as <emph type="italics"/>de facto<emph.end type="italics"/> they do, I will affirm that in <lb/>each of tho&longs;e variations there is contained that of two inches cau­<lb/>&longs;ed by the motion of the Earth.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg352"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>(a)<emph.end type="italics"/> That is, in <lb/>plainer termes the <lb/>fraction 15/200000, is <lb/>more than the fra­<lb/>ction 4/50000, for di­<lb/>viding the denomi­<lb/>nators by their no­<lb/>minators, and the <lb/>fir&longs;t produceth <lb/>13333 1/3 the other <lb/>but 12500.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg353"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>(b)<emph.end type="italics"/> It &longs;hall be <lb/>neer 2 2/5 inches, ac­<lb/>counting the pace <lb/>to be Geometrical, <lb/>containing 5 foot.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>Pardon me, <emph type="italics"/>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"/> you are too liberal. </s>
<s>For I would <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg354"></arrow.to.target><lb/>tell the <emph type="italics"/>Peripateticks,<emph.end type="italics"/> that though every &longs;hot &longs;hould hit the very <lb/>centre of the mark, that &longs;hould not in the lea&longs;t di&longs;prove the motion <lb/>of the Earth. </s>
<s>For the Gunners are &longs;o con&longs;tantly imployed in le­<lb/>velling the &longs;ight and gun to the mark, as that they can hit the &longs;ame, <lb/>notwith&longs;tanding the motion of the Earth. </s>
<s>And I &longs;ay, that if the <lb/>Earth &longs;hould &longs;tand &longs;till, the &longs;hots would not prove true; but the <lb/>Occidental would be too low, and the Oriental too high: now let <lb/><emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> di&longs;prove me if he can.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg354"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>It is demon&longs;tra­<lb/>ted with great &longs;ub­<lb/>tilty, that the <lb/>Earths motion &longs;up­<lb/>po&longs;ed, Canon &longs;hot <lb/>ought not to vary <lb/>more than in re&longs;t.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>This is a &longs;ubtilty worthy of <emph type="italics"/>Sagredus:<emph.end type="italics"/> But whether <lb/>this variation be to be ob&longs;erved in the motion, or in the re&longs;t of the <lb/>Earth, it mu&longs;t needs be very &longs;mall, it mu&longs;t needs be &longs;wallowed up <pb pagenum="162"/>in tho&longs;e very great ones which &longs;undry accidents continually pro­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg355"></arrow.to.target><lb/>duce. </s>
<s>And all this hath been &longs;poken and granted on good grounds <lb/>to <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> and only with an intent to adverti&longs;e him how much <lb/>it importeth to be cautious in granting many experiments for true <lb/>to tho&longs;e who never had tried them, but only eagerly alledged them <lb/>ju&longs;t as they ought to be for the &longs;erving their purpo&longs;e: This is &longs;po­<lb/>ken, I &longs;ay, by way of &longs;urplu&longs;&longs;age and Corollary to <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> for <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg356"></arrow.to.target><lb/>the real truth is, that as concerning the&longs;e &longs;hots, the &longs;ame ought ex­<lb/>actly to befall a&longs;well in the motion as in the re&longs;t of the Terre&longs;trial <lb/>Globe; as likewi&longs;e it will happen in all the other experiments <lb/>that either have been or can be produced, which have at fir&longs;t blu&longs;h <lb/>&longs;o mnch &longs;emblance of truth, as the antiquated opinion of the <lb/>Earths motion hath of equivocation.</s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg355"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>It is requi&longs;ite to <lb/>be very cautious in <lb/>admitting experi­<lb/>ments for true, to <lb/>tho&longs;e who never <lb/>tried them.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin">
<s><margin.target id="marg356"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Experiments and <lb/>arguments again&longs;t <lb/>the Earths motion <lb/>&longs;eem &longs;o far con­<lb/>cluding, as they lie <lb/>hid under equi­<lb/>vokes.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>As for my part I am fully &longs;atisfied, and very well un­<lb/>der&longs;tand that who &longs;o &longs;hall imprint in his fancy this general com­<lb/>munity of the diurnal conver&longs;ion among&longs;t all things Terre&longs;trial, <lb/>to all which it naturally agreeth, a&longs;well as in the old conceit of its <lb/>re&longs;t about the centre, &longs;hall doubtle&longs;&longs;e di&longs;cern the fallacy and equi­<lb/>voke which made the arguments produced &longs;eem eoncluding. <lb/></s>
<s>There yet remains in me &longs;ome hæ&longs;itancy (as I have hinted be­<lb/>fore) touching the flight of birds; the which having as it were an <lb/>animate faculty of moving at their plea&longs;ure with a thou&longs;and mo­<lb/>tions, and to &longs;tay long in the Air &longs;eparated from the Earth, and <lb/>therein with mo&longs;t irregular windings to go fluttering to and again, <lb/>I cannot conceive how among&longs;t &longs;o great a confu&longs;ion of motions, <lb/>they &longs;hould be able to retain the fir&longs;t commune motion; and in <lb/>what manner, having once made any &longs;tay behind, they can get <lb/>it up again, and overtake the &longs;ame with flying, and kcep pace <lb/>with the Towers and trees which hurry with &longs;o precipitant a cour&longs;e <lb/>towards the Ea&longs;t; I &longs;ay &longs;o precipitant, for in the great circle of <lb/>the Globe it is little le&longs;&longs;e than a thou&longs;and miles an hour, whereof <lb/>the flight of the &longs;wallow I believe makes not fifty.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>If the birds were to keep pace with the cour&longs;e of the <lb/>trees by help of their wings, they would o&longs; nece&longs;&longs;ity flie very fa&longs;t; <lb/>and if they were deprived of the univer&longs;al conver&longs;ion, they would <lb/>lag as far behind; and their flight would &longs;eem as furious towards <lb/>the We&longs;t, and to him that could di&longs;cern the &longs;ame, it would <lb/>much exceed the flight of an arrow; but I think we could not be <lb/>able to perceive it, no more than we &longs;ee a Canon bullet, whil'&longs;t <lb/>driven by the fury of the fire, it flieth through the Air: But the <lb/>truth is that the proper motion of birds, I mean of their flight, <lb/>hath nothing to do with the univer&longs;al motion, to which it is nei­<lb/>ther an help, nor an hinderance; and that which maintaineth <lb/>the &longs;aid motion unaltered in the birds, is the Air it &longs;elf, thorough <lb/>which they flie, which naturally following the <emph type="italics"/>Vertigo<emph.end type="italics"/> of the <pb pagenum="163"/>Earth, like as it carrieth the clouds along with it, &longs;o it tran&longs;porteth <lb/>birds and every thing el&longs;e which is pendent in the &longs;ame; in &longs;o much <lb/>that as to the bu&longs;ine&longs;&longs;e of keeping pace with the Earth, the birds <lb/>need take no care thereof, but for that work might &longs;leep perpe­<lb/>tually.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SAGR. </s>
<s>That the Air can carry the clouds along with it, as <lb/>being matters ea&longs;ie for their lightne&longs;&longs;e to be moved and deprived <lb/>of all other contrary inclination, yea more, as being matters that <lb/>partake al&longs;o of the conditions and properties of the Earth; I com­<lb/>prehend without any difficulty; but that birds, which as having <lb/>life, may move with a motion quite contrary to the diurnal, once <lb/>having &longs;urcea&longs;ed the &longs;aid motion, the Air &longs;hould re&longs;tore them to <lb/>it, &longs;eems to me a little &longs;trange, and the rather for that they are &longs;olid <lb/>and weighty bodies; and withal, we &longs;ee; as hath been &longs;aid, &longs;tones <lb/>and other grave bodies to lie unmoved again&longs;t the <emph type="italics"/>impetus<emph.end type="italics"/> of the <lb/>air; and when they &longs;uffer them&longs;elves to be overcome thereby, <lb/>they never acquire &longs;o much velocity as the wind which carrieth <lb/>them.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>We a&longs;cribe not &longs;o little force, <emph type="italics"/>Sagredus,<emph.end type="italics"/> to the moved <lb/>Air, which is able to move and bear before it &longs;hips full fraught, <lb/>to tear up trees by the roots, and overthrow Towers when it <lb/>moveth &longs;wiftly; and yet we cannot &longs;ay that the motion of the <lb/>Air in the&longs;e violent operations is neer &longs;o violent, as that of the <lb/>diurnal revolution.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMP. </s>
<s>You &longs;ee then that the moved Air may al&longs;o cotinue the <lb/>motion of projects, according to the Doctrine of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/>; and <lb/>it &longs;eemed to me very &longs;trange that he &longs;hould have erred in this <lb/>particular.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>It may without doubt, in ca&longs;e it could continue it &longs;elf, <lb/>but lik as when the wind cea&longs;ing neither &longs;hips go on, nor trees are <lb/>blown down, &longs;o the motion in the Air not continuing after the <lb/>&longs;tone is gone out of the hand, and the Air cea&longs;ing to move, it <lb/>followeth that it mu&longs;t be &longs;omething el&longs;e be&longs;ides the Air that ma­<lb/>keth the projects to move.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMP. </s>
<s>But how upon the winds being laid, doth the &longs;hip cea&longs;e <lb/>to move? </s>
<s>Nay you may &longs;ee that when the wind is down, and <lb/>the &longs;ails furl'd, the ve&longs;&longs;el continueth to run whole miles.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>But this maketh again&longs;t your &longs;elf <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> for that <lb/>the wind being laid that filling the &longs;ails drove on the &longs;hip, yet ne­<lb/>verthele&longs;&longs;e doth it without help of the <emph type="italics"/>medium<emph.end type="italics"/> continue its <lb/>cour&longs;e.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SIMP. </s>
<s>It might be &longs;aid that the water was the <emph type="italics"/>medium<emph.end type="italics"/> which <lb/>carried forward the &longs;hip, and maintain'd it in motion.</s></p><p type="main">
<s>SALV. </s>
<s>It might indeed be &longs;o affirmed, if you would &longs;peak <lb/>quite contrary to truth; for the truth is, that the water, by rea­<pb pagenum="164"/>&longs;on of its great re&longs;i&longs;tance to the divi&longs;ion made by the hull of the <lb/>&longs;hip, doth with great noi&longs;e re&longs;i&longs;t the &longs;ame; nor doth it permit it <lb/>of a great while to acquire that velocity which the wind would <lb/>confer upon it, were the ob&longs;tacle of the water removed. </s>
<s>Per­<lb/>haps <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> you have never con&longs;idered with what fury the <lb/>water be&longs;ets a bark, whil'&longs;t it forceth its way through a &longs;tanding <lb/>water by help of Oars or Sails: for if you had ever minded that <lb/>effect, you would not now have produced &longs;uch an ab&longs;urdity. <lb/></s>
<s>And I am thinking that you have hitherto been one of tho&longs;e who <lb/>to find out how &longs;uch things &longs;ucceed, and to come to the know­<lb/>ledg of natural effects, do not betake them&longs;elves to a Ship, a <lb/>Cro&longs;&longs;e-bow, or a piece of Ordinance, but retire into their &longs;tu­<lb/>dies, and