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It appears here for continuity's sake. --> <!ELEMENT info (author, title, date, place, editor, publisher, translator, lang, chunk,locator) > <!-- how many of these should be required? --> <!-- what about bringing in line with dublin core? --> <!ATTLIST info id ID #IMPLIED n CDATA #IMPLIED > <!ELEMENT lang (#PCDATA) > <!ATTLIST lang id ID #IMPLIED n CDATA #IMPLIED > <!ELEMENT lb EMPTY > <!ATTLIST lb ed CDATA #IMPLIED id ID #IMPLIED n CDATA #IMPLIED> <!-- <lb> occurs at <s> level and at <p> level --> <!-- <lb> at end of <s> must be placed after </s> --> <!-- unrecognized symbols will appear inline acc. to special conventions. --> <!-- (as in DE specs) --> <!-- emph and and emph.end are elements that are quer to the xml structure --> <!ELEMENT locator (#PCDATA) > <!ATTLIST locator id ID #IMPLIED n CDATA #IMPLIED > <!ELEMENT p (s | pb|lb|emph|emph.end|gap )+ > <!ATTLIST p id ID #IMPLIED n CDATA #IMPLIED type (main|marked|foot|margin|list|head|caption) "main" > <!-- captions go in paragr's immediately after figure, with arrow.to.target --> <!-- pb can occur within p but NOT at the start or end --> <!ELEMENT pb EMPTY > <!ATTLIST pb ed CDATA #IMPLIED id ID #IMPLIED n CDATA #IMPLIED pagenum CDATA #IMPLIED> <!-- the "ed" attribute gives the edition in which the page break occurs. If no --> <!-- edition is given, it is assumed to be that given in info --> <!-- pagenum gives the page number actually printed on the page. --> <!-- n gives the page number numbered consecutively from page 1 of text. --> <!-- pb can occur inside <s> etc. and inside <p> and inside <chap> --> <!-- <pb> at end of <p> must be placed after </p> --> <!ELEMENT place (#PCDATA) > <!ATTLIST place id ID #IMPLIED n CDATA #IMPLIED > <!ELEMENT publisher (#PCDATA)* > <!ATTLIST publisher id ID #IMPLIED n CDATA #IMPLIED > <!ELEMENT s (#PCDATA| foreign | expan | foot.target|margin.target|arrow.to.target|pb|lb|emph|emph.end|gap)* > <!ATTLIST s id ID #IMPLIED n CDATA #IMPLIED > <!ELEMENT section ( p | pb | figure)+ > <!ATTLIST section id ID #IMPLIED n CDATA #IMPLIED type CDATA #IMPLIED> <!ELEMENT table ( table.target?, (row, pb?)+ ) > <!-- order is now: <table> <table.target/> <row>...</row> <pb> i.e. <table> is equiv. to <p type=margin> --> <!ATTLIST table id ID #IMPLIED n CDATA #IMPLIED > <!ELEMENT row ( cell+ ) > <!ATTLIST row id ID #IMPLIED n CDATA #IMPLIED > <!ELEMENT cell (#PCDATA| foreign | expan | foot.target|margin.target|arrow.to.target|pb|lb|emph|emph.end|gap)* > <!ATTLIST cell id ID #IMPLIED n CDATA #IMPLIED > <!ELEMENT text (pb?, front, pb?, body, pb?, back) > <!-- if front and back are going to be optional, then pb can be allowed to --> <!-- occur only within front body back. --> <!ATTLIST text type CDATA #IMPLIED id ID #IMPLIED n CDATA #IMPLIED> <!ELEMENT title (#PCDATA) > <!ATTLIST title id ID #IMPLIED n CDATA #IMPLIED type CDATA #IMPLIED > <!ELEMENT translator (#PCDATA)* > <!ATTLIST translator id ID #IMPLIED n CDATA #IMPLIED > <!ENTITY shy "[-]"> <!ENTITY Agrave "[Agrave]"> <!ENTITY Egrave "[Egrave]"> <!ENTITY Ograve "[Ograve]"> <!ENTITY agrave "[agrave]"> <!ENTITY amp "[amp]"> <!ENTITY atilde "[atilde]"> <!ENTITY cgrave "[cgrave]"> <!ENTITY dtail "[dtail]"> <!ENTITY eacute "[eacute]"> <!ENTITY egrave "[egrave]"> <!ENTITY emacr "[emacr]"> <!ENTITY etilde "[etilde]"> <!ENTITY igrave "[igrave]"> <!ENTITY imacr "[imacr]"> <!ENTITY itilde "[itilde]"> <!ENTITY iuml "[iuml]"> <!ENTITY longs "[longs]"> <!ENTITY ograve "[ograve]"> <!ENTITY otilde "[otilde]"> <!ENTITY qtilde "[qtilde]"> <!ENTITY rsquo "[rsquo]"> <!ENTITY shy "[shy]"> <!ENTITY szlig "[szlig]"> <!ENTITY ugrave "[ugrave]"> <!ENTITY utilde "[utilde]"> <!ENTITY verbar "[verbar]"> <!ENTITY Agrave "[Agrave]"> <!ENTITY Egrave "[Egrave]"> <!ENTITY Ograve "[Ograve]"> <!ENTITY agrave "[agrave]"> <!ENTITY amp "[amp]"> <!ENTITY atilde "[atilde]"> <!ENTITY cgrave "[cgrave]"> <!ENTITY dtail "[dtail]"> <!ENTITY eacute "[eacute]"> <!ENTITY egrave "[egrave]"> <!ENTITY emacr "[emacr]"> <!ENTITY etilde "[etilde]"> <!ENTITY igrave "[igrave]"> <!ENTITY imacr "[imacr]"> <!ENTITY itilde "[itilde]"> <!ENTITY iuml "[iuml]"> <!ENTITY longs "[longs]"> <!ENTITY ograve "[ograve]"> <!ENTITY otilde "[otilde]"> <!ENTITY qtilde "[qtilde]"> <!ENTITY rsquo "[rsquo]"> <!ENTITY shy "[shy]"> <!ENTITY szlig "[szlig]"> <!ENTITY ugrave "[ugrave]"> <!ENTITY utilde "[utilde]"> <!ENTITY verbar "[verbar]"> ]> <archimedes> <info> <author>Gregorio Morelli</author> <title>Scala di tutte le scienze et arti</title> <date>1567</date> <place>Venice</place> <editor></editor> <publisher></publisher> <translator></translator> <lang></lang> <chunk unit="page*">page</chunk> <locator>000000073.xml</locator> </info> <text> <front> </front> <body> <chap> <pb/> <figure></figure> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"/><emph type="roman"/>SCALA<emph.end type="roman"/><emph.end type="center"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"/><emph type="roman"/>DI TVTTE LE<emph.end type="roman"/><emph.end type="center"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"/><emph type="roman"/>SCIENZE, ET ARTI <lb/>DELL'EC CELLENTE MEDICO <lb/>ET FILOSOFO<emph.end type="roman"/><lb/>MESSER GREGORIO MORELLI, <lb/><emph type="roman"/>DIVISA IN QVATTRO SETTIONI:<emph.end type="roman"/><lb/>il contenuto delle quali &longs;i legge nel fine della Tauola.<emph.end type="center"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"/><emph type="roman"/>OPERA D'VTILE ET DI DILETTATIONE <lb/>a tutti i Filo&longs;ofi, co&longs;i diuini, come matematici, morali <lb/>& naturali; & a tutti gli artefici, co&longs;i <lb/>liberali, come mecanici.<emph.end type="roman"/><emph.end type="center"/></s> </p> <figure></figure> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"/>CON PRIVILEGIO.<emph.end type="center"/></s> </p> <figure></figure> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"/><emph type="roman"/>IN VINEGIA, APPRESSO GABRIEL <lb/>GIOLITO DE' FERRARI. <lb/>M D LXVII.<emph.end type="roman"/><emph.end type="center"/></s> </p> <pb/> <figure></figure> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"/><emph type="roman"/>ALLI MAGNIFICI <lb/>ET ILLVSTRI <lb/>SIGNORI, <lb/>IL SIGNOR GIACOMO, <lb/>ET MARCANTONIO <lb/>CORNARI, PATRONI <lb/>MIEI OSSERVANDISSIMI.<emph.end type="roman"/><emph.end type="center"/></s> </p> <figure></figure> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="roman"/>A<emph.end type="roman"/>N<emph type="roman"/>TICA OPINIO<emph.end type="roman"/>­<lb/>ne fu d'alcuni, che l'or <lb/>dine fu&longs;&longs;e l'anima di <lb/>tutto l'uniuer&longs;o; di ma <lb/>niera, che hanno detto <lb/>il Mondo hauer'hauuto principio: per­<lb/>cioche d'inordinate, che erano le co&longs;e, fu­<lb/>rono dalla prima confu&longs;ione tratte, & <lb/>ordinatamente di&longs;po&longs;te; qua&longs;i, che uo- <pb/>le&longs;&longs;ero dire, che la perfettione delle co&longs;e <lb/>con&longs;i&longs;ta gran parte nell'ordine. Et per <lb/>dir il uero, quando con la mente riguar­<lb/>do, Magnifici Signori, la di&longs;po&longs;itione <lb/>delle co&longs;e naturali, & anco per mezo di <lb/>que&longs;te m'innalzo alla contemplatione del­<lb/>le Diuine, ueggo l'ordine e&longs;&longs;ere ueramen­<lb/>te proprietà di tal ualore, & forza, che <lb/>le Diuine &longs;ono da Iddio col mezo &longs;uo <lb/>immortalate. Et che le naturali pari­<lb/>mente durano tanto, quanto dell'ordine <lb/>una minima parte in e&longs;&longs;e &longs;i ritroua. Et <lb/>quanto più perfettamente &longs;ono ordinate, <lb/>tanto più perfette attioni operano. Et <lb/>quanto meno, tanto meno parimente <lb/>oprar &longs;i uedono. Et che ciò &longs;ia il uero, <lb/>eccoui l'e&longs;&longs;empio dell'huomo, nel quale <lb/>deueno due maniere d'ordini ritrouar&longs;i <lb/>perfette. L'una tra le quattro prime <lb/>qualità, l'altra tra l'intelletto, & i &longs;en&longs;i, <pb/>cioè, che le qualità &longs;eruono tra loro il pro­<lb/>prio, & natural tenore, & l'intelletto <lb/>predomini à &longs;en&longs;i. Et mentre l'huomo <lb/>po&longs;&longs;ede que&longs;ti due ordini, opera attioni <lb/>da huomo: mentre anco ò l'uno, ò l'altro <lb/>è interrotto, le &longs;ue opere, & attioni cor­<lb/>ri&longs;pondono al di&longs;ordine. Onde all'inde­<lb/>bolito ordine &longs;eguono attioni deboli: al <lb/>corrotto, attioni corrotte; alla di&longs;truttio­<lb/>ne di e&longs;&longs;o &longs;egue parimente la di&longs;truttione, <lb/>& delle attioni, & dell'huomo in&longs;ieme. <lb/>L'i&longs;te&longs;&longs;o ueder &longs;i può nelle Republiche <lb/>lequali &longs;ono apunto imagini dell'ordine <lb/>intrin&longs;eco dell'huomo. Percioche &longs;ono <lb/>giudicate quelle Republiche perfette, che <lb/>ottimamente &longs;ono ordinate, Ne la&longs;ciano, <lb/>che tra i loro membri na&longs;ca di&longs;ordine. <lb/>Poßiamo mede&longs;imamente ueder l'effetto <lb/>dell'ordine nelle Famiglie, lequali, men­<lb/>tre che uiuono ordinatamente, &longs;econdo <pb/>che &longs;i conuiene, &longs;ono felici, & honorate. <lb/>Se anco intrauiene altrimenti, uiuono per <lb/>lo contrario infelici, & di&longs;onorate. On­<lb/>de di quanta eccellenza, & forza &longs;ia l'or <lb/>dine in tutte le co&longs;e, euidentemente appa­<lb/>re. Però in tutto non è da sprezzare <lb/>l'opinione di coloro, che di&longs;&longs;ero l'ordine <lb/>e&longs;&longs;ere l'anima del mondo. Ilche con&longs;i­<lb/>derando io, & de&longs;idero&longs;o di uedere che <lb/>co&longs;a internamente fo&longs;&longs;e que&longs;to ordine, mi <lb/>&longs;ono ingegnato parte di contemplare l'or­<lb/>dine della Natura, parte quello delle <lb/>co&longs;e artificiali, parte ancora di leggere gli <lb/>&longs;critti di molti, che hanno di lui dotta­<lb/>mente parlato, & col mede&longs;imo hanno <lb/>le &longs;cienze de&longs;critte, affine di farne un bre <lb/>uißimo ritratto, &longs;otto forma d'una Scala, <lb/>laquale adoprata nelle arti, & &longs;cienze, <lb/>conduce&longs;&longs;e l'huomo alla perfetta cognitio­<lb/>ne di loro. Laquale hauendo ridotta in <pb/>a&longs;&longs;ai conueneuol forma, ho in&longs;ieme deli­<lb/>berato di farne dono à uoi Magnifici Si­<lb/>gnori, parendomi di non hauere tra tutti i <lb/>miei padroni, à chi più conueni&longs;&longs;e il ritr at <lb/>to dell'ordine, che à uoi; hauendo però <lb/>riguardo &longs;olo alla dignità del &longs;uggetto, <lb/>& non all'opra mia, ne ho giudicati uoi <lb/>degnißimi, perche po&longs;&longs;edete perfettamen­<lb/>te li due ordini, che di già habbiamo det­<lb/>to ritrouar&longs;i nell'huomo compiuto. Et <lb/>perche ancor &longs;ete membri della uo&longs;tra Re­<lb/>publica, laquale nell'ordine auanza le più <lb/>ordinate, che fu&longs;&longs;ero già mai. Et però <lb/>ancor nel con&longs;eruar&longs;i lungamente &longs;upera <lb/>di gran lunga ogni altra; Et perche &longs;ete di <lb/>quella famiglia, che nella uo&longs;tra città ri­<lb/>luce à gui&longs;a d'un Sole fra le Stelle, & di <lb/>ricchezze, & di nobiltà. Di nobiltà, <lb/>e&longs;&longs;endo ella di&longs;ce&longs;a da quel gran Cornelio <lb/>Scipione. Di ricchezze, hauendo ella, <pb/>conle &longs;ue ampie facoltà, non &longs;olo alla uo­<lb/>&longs;tra &longs;erenißima Republica, ma etiandio <lb/>à Sommi Pontefici, & infiniti altri Si­<lb/>gnori dato &longs;uffragio, come ognun &longs;a &longs;enza <lb/>ch'io ne renda te&longs;timonianza alcuna; mi <lb/>è finalmente par&longs;o conuenirui que&longs;ta mia <lb/>Scala; perche particolarmente &longs;ete di&longs;ce&longs;i <lb/>d'uno Auolo, padre ueramente de gli or <lb/>dini, ilquale dal na&longs;cimento hauendo ot­<lb/>tenuto ottimo ordine tra l'intelletto, & <lb/>li &longs;en&longs;i, & peßimo tra le qualità, paren­<lb/>doli di non e&longs;&longs;er compiutamente huomo, <lb/>col mezo, del uiuer'ordinato, &longs;i racqui­<lb/>&longs;tò di maniera l'ordine de gli humori, che <lb/>ha auanzato qualunque in que&longs;ta &longs;orte di <lb/>uiuer &longs;ano lungamente; tal che è giunto <lb/>all'età di nouanta&longs;ette anni, con la inte­<lb/>grità de' già detti ordini, operando con­<lb/>tinuamente attioni degne di lui. Niu­<lb/>no fu mai che più benefica&longs;&longs;e gli amici, <pb/>nè che con maggior liberalità &longs;i acqui&longs;ta&longs;­<lb/>&longs;e la beneuolenza di quelli, & con più di­<lb/>ligenza, & cura la con&longs;erua&longs;&longs;e di quello, <lb/>che ha fatto egli. Benefattore fu &longs;empre <lb/>egli di tutti coloro, che tanto, ò quanto &longs;i <lb/>leuano da terra per qualche uirtù. Et <lb/>tale è stato, in conclu&longs;ione, il &longs;uo proce­<lb/>dere di uita, che più &longs;i ha egli da dolere <lb/>di non hauer trouato &longs;crittore, che hab­<lb/>bia &longs;critta la &longs;ua liberalità, & altezza <lb/>d'animo, che gli Hi&longs;torici di lui, che non <lb/>de&longs;&longs;e à loro &longs;uggetto; onde &longs;e per hauer&longs;i <lb/>il Magnifico Signor Aluigi Cornaro <lb/>Auolo uo&longs;tro, po&longs;to à uiuere ordinata­<lb/>mente per po&longs;&longs;edere gli ordini dell'huomo, <lb/>acciò opera&longs;&longs;e da huomo, non dubito pun <lb/>to, che uoi Magnifici Signori non hab­<lb/>biate per con&longs;eruar &longs;i belli ordini, di che <lb/>Iddio Benedetto dal na&longs;cimento ui fece <lb/>degni, da &longs;eguire le ue&longs;tigie dell'Auolo, <pb/>perche con que&longs;ti con&longs;eruarete la uo&longs;tra <lb/>famiglia nell'honorato stato, in che &longs;i ri­<lb/>troua, & darete anco fauore alla con&longs;er­<lb/>uatione dell'ordine della Serenißima uo­<lb/>&longs;tra Republica. Et quello, che m'aßicu­<lb/>ra di que&longs;to è il uedere, che in&longs;ino ad hora <lb/>operate opre, & attioni degne dell'Auolo, <lb/>& di uoi steßi. Per que&longs;te cagioni dun­<lb/>que ho giudicato uoi degni di que&longs;ta Sca­<lb/>la di Scienze, & deliberato in&longs;ieme, in­<lb/>&longs;ieme, di faruene dono, affine, che ui <lb/>mo&longs;traßi la memoria, che tengo de' bene­<lb/>fici, che da uoi ho riceuuti, & della fe­<lb/>del &longs;eruitù, che da principio ui con&longs;ecrai. <lb/>Mi re&longs;ta di pregarui, che ui degnate di <lb/>riceuer que&longs;ta mia fatica, con quell'ani­<lb/>mo, che il gran Re di Per&longs;ia Arta&longs;er&longs;e <lb/>riceuè l'acqua dal Contadino pre&longs;enta­<lb/>tali con la mano, Ne mi diffido punto, <lb/>di non ottenere il mede&longs;imo da uoi, ha- <pb/>uendoui i&longs;perimentati per benigni, & <lb/>humani in qualunche attione. Et hu­<lb/>milmente le ba&longs;cio le mani. Di Pa­<lb/>doua, ai XVIII. d'Aprile. </s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>M D LXVII. </s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>DiV. Magnificenze </s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Perpetuo, & humil Seruitore </s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Gregorio Morelli. </s> </p> <pb/> <figure></figure> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"/><emph type="roman"/>TAVOLA DELLE <lb/>COSE PIV NOTABILI <lb/>CONTENVTE NELLA <lb/>PRESENTE <lb/>OPERA.<emph.end type="roman"/><emph.end type="center"/></s> </p> <figure></figure> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="roman"/>ACCIDENTI<emph.end type="roman"/> di <lb/>quante &longs;orti. <emph type="roman"/>89<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Adiacenti qual &longs;ie­<lb/>no. a carte. <emph type="roman"/>149<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Altra diffinitione della diui&longs;io­<lb/>ne. <emph type="roman"/>169<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Altra di&longs;tintione dell'ordine. <emph type="roman"/>13<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Animali brutti come di&longs;corri­<lb/>no. </s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Argomenti di quante &longs;orte &longs;ie­<lb/>no. <emph type="roman"/>129<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Arguta ri&longs;po&longs;ta di Socrate. <emph type="roman"/>133<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Ari&longs;totile perche po&longs;e tre &longs;orte <lb/>di Sillogismi e non piu ne <lb/>meno. <emph type="roman"/>128<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Arte & modo del medicare co­<lb/>me s'imparino. <emph type="roman"/>41<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Attion del &longs;en&longs;o commune. <emph type="roman"/>190<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Attione della fanta&longs;ia. <emph type="roman"/>190<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Atto di Zenone. <emph type="roman"/>155<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"/><emph type="roman"/>B<emph.end type="roman"/><emph.end type="center"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="roman"/>BISOGNI<emph.end type="roman"/> degli in&longs;tru­<lb/>menti, circa alle &longs;cienze. <emph type="roman"/>4<emph.end type="roman"/><lb/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"/><emph type="roman"/>C<emph.end type="roman"/><emph.end type="center"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="roman"/>CAVSE<emph.end type="roman"/> effettrici della <lb/>&longs;anità. à car. <emph type="roman"/>57<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Cau&longs;e <expan abbr="quãte">quante</expan> &longs;ieno et quali. <emph type="roman"/>151<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Che la ri&longs;olutione non &longs;ia &longs;otto­<lb/>po&longs;ta alla compo&longs;itione &longs;i pr<gap/><lb/>ua con &longs;alde ragioni. <emph type="roman"/>32<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Colori retorici. <emph type="roman"/>203<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Come da gli indouini &longs;i po&longs;&longs;a <lb/>uenir in cognitione di una na <lb/>tura comune col mezzo della <lb/>ri&longs;olutione. <emph type="roman"/>141<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Come debiamo &longs;ar la ri&longs;olutione <lb/>&longs;econdo Ari&longs;totile. <emph type="roman"/>60<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Come la diffinitione del &longs;ine con <lb/>uenga alle operationi. <emph type="roman"/>45<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Come l'intelletto &longs;i &longs;erua del­<lb/>l'uniuer&longs;ale. <emph type="roman"/>182<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Come &longs;i puo cono&longs;cere quando la <lb/>diffinitione &longs;ia cau&longs;ale e non <lb/>formale. <emph type="roman"/>166<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s><expan abbr="Cõparatione">Comparatione</expan> come &longs;i facci. <emph type="roman"/>155<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Compo&longs;itione reale di quante <pb/><lb/>&longs;orti &longs;ia. <emph type="roman"/>68<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Communità quante &longs;iano. <emph type="roman"/>143<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Coniugati e loro u&longs;o. <emph type="roman"/>149<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Compo&longs;itione di quante &longs;pecie <lb/>&longs;ia. <emph type="roman"/>67<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s><expan abbr="Cõting&etilde;ti">Contingenti</expan> et loro diui&longs;ione. <emph type="roman"/>154<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s><expan abbr="Cõuer&longs;ione">Conuer&longs;ione</expan> di propo&longs;itione. <emph type="roman"/>110<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s><expan abbr="Cõuer&longs;ione">Conuer&longs;ione</expan> per l'impoßibile. <emph type="roman"/>121<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Co&longs;e natur ali qual &longs;ieno. <emph type="roman"/>78<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"/><emph type="roman"/>D<emph.end type="roman"/><emph.end type="center"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="roman"/>DA<emph.end type="roman"/> qual fine &longs;i cominci a <lb/>ri&longs;oluere e da qual cono <lb/>&longs;cere. <emph type="roman"/>51<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Dechiaratione dei luoghi. <emph type="roman"/>146<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Del &longs;econdo adiacente. <emph type="roman"/>105<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Demo&longs;tratione e &longs;uo u&longs;o. <emph type="roman"/>134<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Demo&longs;tratione demo&longs;tratiua e <lb/>&longs;ue &longs;pecie. <emph type="roman"/>135<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Demo&longs;tratione dal primo all'ul­<lb/>timo. <emph type="roman"/>136<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Denominatiui. <emph type="roman"/>161<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Dialettica con quale ordine fu <lb/>trattata da Ari&longs;totile. <emph type="roman"/>63<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Differenza tra la ri&longs;olutione <lb/>reale & quella fatta dall'in­<lb/>telletto. <emph type="roman"/>36<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Differenza tra il Metodo e gli <lb/>ordini. <emph type="roman"/>87<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Differenza tra la ri&longs;olutione <lb/>propria & perfetta, & la im <lb/>perfetta, & impropria. <emph type="roman"/>38<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Differenza tra l'e&longs;perimento et <lb/>i metodi. <emph type="roman"/>181<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Differenza tra di&longs;crittione e <lb/><lb/>diffinitione. <emph type="roman"/>162<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Differenza tra la compo&longs;itione, <lb/>& la ri&longs;olutione. <emph type="roman"/>68<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Differenza tra l'ordine compo­<lb/>&longs;itiuo & il Metodo. <emph type="roman"/>76<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Differenza tra la e&longs;timatiua e <lb/>cogitatiua. <emph type="roman"/>191<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Differenza tra il predicamen­<lb/>to & il predicato. <emph type="roman"/>102<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Differenze del luogo. <emph type="roman"/>153<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Diffinitione dell'ordine. <emph type="roman"/>10<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Diffinitione a che co&longs;a &longs;erua. <emph type="roman"/>35<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Diffinitione della filo&longs;ofia. <emph type="roman"/>78<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Diffinitione quidditatiua. <emph type="roman"/>163<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Diffinitione per <expan abbr="aditam&etilde;to">aditamento</expan>. <emph type="roman"/>164<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Diffinitione della medicina &longs;e­<lb/>condo Galeno. <emph type="roman"/>78<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Diffinitione della uia. <emph type="roman"/>85<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Diffinition nominale. <emph type="roman"/>159<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Diffinitione che co&longs;a &longs;ia. <emph type="roman"/>146<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Diffinitione e&longs;&longs;entiale. <emph type="roman"/>163<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Diffinitione dell'e&longs;perimento. <lb/>a car. <emph type="roman"/>281<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Diffinitione che co&longs;a &longs;ia. <emph type="roman"/>160<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Diffinitione dell'anima. <emph type="roman"/>187<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Diffinitione dell'ordine. <emph type="roman"/>10<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Diffinitione compo&longs;itione e ri&longs;o­<lb/>lutione come &longs;ieno di&longs;tinte. <lb/>a car. <emph type="roman"/>18<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Dimo&longs;tratione quante propo&longs;i­<lb/>tioni habbia & come &longs;i chia­<lb/>mino. <emph type="roman"/>92<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Dimo&longs;tratione a che &longs;erua. <emph type="roman"/>91<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Dimo&longs;trationi come &longs;i uariano. <lb/>a car. <emph type="roman"/>93<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Di quale &longs;orte d'oratione &longs;i puo <pb/><lb/>&longs;eruire il logico. <emph type="roman"/>103<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Di&longs;cor&longs;i di quante &longs;orti. <emph type="roman"/>183<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Di&longs;cor&longs;o imperfetto. <emph type="roman"/>185<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Dittioni della prima &longs;econda e <lb/>tertia figura de &longs;illogismi. <lb/>a car. <emph type="roman"/>116<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Diui&longs;ione degli accidenti. <emph type="roman"/>150<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Diui&longs;ione de dieci Predicamen­<lb/>ti. <emph type="roman"/>101<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Diui&longs;ione come &longs;i difini&longs;ca da <lb/>Ari&longs;totile. <emph type="roman"/>168<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Diui&longs;ione perche difficile. <emph type="roman"/>168<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Diui&longs;ione del &longs;illogismo. <emph type="roman"/>113<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Diui&longs;ione de' modi dell'in&longs;egna <lb/>re & loro origine. <emph type="roman"/>198<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Diui&longs;ione della uoce. <emph type="roman"/>97<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Diui&longs;ione de &longs;uggetti. <emph type="roman"/>151<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Diui&longs;ione perche non deue e&longs;&longs;er <lb/>po&longs;ta tra gli ordini uniuer­<lb/>&longs;ali. <emph type="roman"/>6<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Dottrine ordinate quante &longs;ieno <lb/>&longs;econdo Galeno. <emph type="roman"/>19<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Dubitatione intorno al na&longs;cere <lb/>degli in&longs;trumenti. <emph type="roman"/>200<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"/><emph type="roman"/>E<emph.end type="roman"/><emph.end type="center"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="roman"/>ENVNCIATIONE<emph.end type="roman"/><lb/>uniuer&longs;ale & particolare <lb/>come &longs;i diuida. <emph type="roman"/>104<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Enunciatione di che &longs;ia com­<lb/>po&longs;ta. <emph type="roman"/>104<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Enunciatione come &longs;i diuida. <lb/>a car. <emph type="roman"/>104<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Epilogatione di tutto quello che <lb/>s'è dette. <emph type="roman"/>307<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Epilogation delle co&longs;e &longs;udette. <lb/>a car. <emph type="roman"/>192<emph.end type="roman"/><lb/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>E&longs;&longs;empio fi&longs;ico nella prima figu­<lb/>ra. <emph type="roman"/>117<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>E&longs;&longs;empio del terzo & quarto <lb/>modo. <emph type="roman"/>119<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>E&longs;&longs;empio. <emph type="roman"/>140<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>E&longs;&longs;empio dell'ordine ri&longs;olutiuo. <lb/>a car. <emph type="roman"/>34<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>E&longs;&longs;empio filo&longs;ofico circa alla ri­<lb/>&longs;olutione. <emph type="roman"/>62<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>E&longs;&longs;empio del &longs;econdo modo. </s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>E&longs;&longs;empio dell'ordine compo&longs;iti­<lb/>uo. <emph type="roman"/>35<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>E&longs;&longs;empio dell'ordine ri&longs;olutiuo. <lb/>a car. <emph type="roman"/>49<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>E&longs;&longs;empio della differenza tra <lb/>l'ordine compo&longs;itiuo & il ri­<lb/>&longs;olutiuo. <emph type="roman"/>70<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>E&longs;&longs;ornationi di &longs;entenze. <emph type="roman"/>203<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>E&longs;tremità de Sillogismi. <emph type="roman"/>113<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Etimologia. <emph type="roman"/>154<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Euento che co&longs;a &longs;ia. <emph type="roman"/>152<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"/><emph type="roman"/>F<emph.end type="roman"/><emph.end type="center"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="roman"/>FIGVRA<emph.end type="roman"/> di Sillogismi. <lb/>a car. <emph type="roman"/>114<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Fine in quanti modi &longs;i puo chia <lb/>mare &longs;econdo Galeno. <emph type="roman"/>45<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Fine che co&longs;a &longs;ia. <emph type="roman"/>42<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Fini dell'arti. <emph type="roman"/>44<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"/><emph type="roman"/>G<emph.end type="roman"/><emph.end type="center"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="roman"/>GAMBE<emph.end type="roman"/> della medicina. <lb/>a car. <emph type="roman"/>27<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Generee &longs;pecie come in parte <lb/>conuengono et in parte diffe <lb/>ri&longs;cono. <emph type="roman"/>148<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Gl'inuentori de Sillogismi che <lb/><expan abbr="indirittam&etilde;te">indirittamente</expan> <expan abbr="cõcludono">concludono</expan>. <emph type="roman"/>125<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <pb/> <p type="main"> <s>Gradi della &longs;econda figura. <emph type="roman"/>120<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Gradi di uiuenti. <emph type="roman"/>189<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"/><emph type="roman"/>H<emph.end type="roman"/><emph.end type="center"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="roman"/>HA<emph.end type="roman"/>Bitudine delle co&longs;e. a <lb/>car. <emph type="roman"/>22<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"/><emph type="roman"/>I<emph.end type="roman"/><emph.end type="center"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="roman"/>IL<emph.end type="roman"/> matematico ci puo &longs;erui­<lb/>re dell'ordine ri&longs;olutiuo ma <lb/>non del metedo. <emph type="roman"/>66<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Imperfettione dell'huomo. <emph type="roman"/>75<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>In che modo caminano in&longs;ieme <lb/>la diui&longs;ione & la ri&longs;olutio­<lb/>ne. <emph type="roman"/>64<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Inclinatione accidentale. <emph type="roman"/>15<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Inclinatione e&longs;&longs;entiale. <emph type="roman"/>15<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Induttione che co&longs;a &longs;ia. <emph type="roman"/>131<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>In quanti modi &longs;i puo hauere <lb/>cognition d'una co&longs;a. <emph type="roman"/>71<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>In&longs;trumenti dechiaratiui di <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> <lb/>te &longs;orte &longs;ieno. <emph type="roman"/>84<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>In&longs;trumento e&longs;perimentale come <lb/>&longs;i fabrichi & come &longs;i metta <lb/>in u&longs;o. <emph type="roman"/>181<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>In&longs;trumento perfetto qual &longs;ia. <lb/>a car. <emph type="roman"/>180<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>In&longs;trumento che &longs;erue al di&longs;cor­<lb/>&longs;o della &longs;en&longs;itiua. <emph type="roman"/>194<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>In&longs;trumento onde dependa. <emph type="roman"/>4<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>In&longs;trumento e&longs;perimetale. <emph type="roman"/>281<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"/><emph type="roman"/>L<emph.end type="roman"/><emph.end type="center"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="roman"/>LA<emph.end type="roman"/> compo&longs;itione è piu diffi <lb/>cile nell'arti che nelle <expan abbr="&longs;ci&etilde;">&longs;ciem</expan> <lb/>ze & perche. <emph type="roman"/>74<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>La co&longs;a &longs;ubordinata ad un'altra <lb/>è men degna di quella a che <lb/>è &longs;ubordinata. <emph type="roman"/>31<emph.end type="roman"/><lb/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="roman"/>La<emph.end type="roman"/> ri&longs;olutione è &longs;empre prima <lb/>degli ordini. <emph type="roman"/>30<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>L'artefice deue e&longs;&longs;er imitatore <lb/>della natura. <emph type="roman"/>29<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Le differenze, in qual modo &longs;er <lb/>uono alla diui&longs;ione. <emph type="roman"/>170<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Le &longs;ei co&longs;e non naturali quali <lb/>&longs;ieno. <emph type="roman"/>49<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Le &longs;ei co&longs;e non naturali, con <lb/>qual ordine &longs;i deuino tratta­<lb/>re. <emph type="roman"/>57<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Locutione che co&longs;a &longs;ia. <emph type="roman"/>202<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Lode del Bellacati. <emph type="roman"/>179<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Luoghi differenti. <emph type="roman"/>157<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Luoghie loro diui&longs;ioni. <emph type="roman"/>144<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Luogo. <emph type="roman"/>152<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Luogo che co&longs;a &longs;ia <emph type="roman"/>141<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"/><emph type="roman"/>M<emph.end type="roman"/><emph.end type="center"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="roman"/>ME<emph.end type="roman"/>dicina come &longs;i diffini­<lb/>&longs;ca &longs;econdo Hippocra­<lb/>te. <emph type="roman"/>166<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Membri della locutione. <emph type="roman"/>202<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Meta del &longs;ofi&longs;ta. <emph type="roman"/>132<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Metodi quanti &longs;ieno. <emph type="roman"/>87<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Metodo. <emph type="roman"/>6<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Metodo contiene ordine. <emph type="roman"/>16<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Metodo in quanti modi &longs;i pi­<lb/>glia. <emph type="roman"/>84<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Metodo diffinitiuo quanto &longs;ia ne <lb/>ce&longs;&longs;ario. <emph type="roman"/>168<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Metodo diffinitiuo di quanta <lb/>utilità &longs;ia. <emph type="roman"/>158<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Mezo termine come &longs;i truoui. <lb/>a car. <emph type="roman"/>139<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Modi che na&longs;cono dal tempo & <lb/>dalla co&longs;a. <emph type="roman"/>199<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <pb/> <p type="main"> <s>Modi che na&longs;cono dall'in&longs;egna­<lb/>to. <emph type="roman"/>199<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Modi communi alla &longs;crittura & <lb/>locutione. <emph type="roman"/>202<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Modi della complicatione. <emph type="roman"/>205<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Modi della terza figura. <emph type="roman"/>122<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Modo appo&longs;tematico. <emph type="roman"/>205<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Modo onde primieramente di­<lb/>penda. <emph type="roman"/>201<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Modo ingematico. <emph type="roman"/>205<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Modo prouerbiale. <emph type="roman"/>206<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Modo affori&longs;tico. <emph type="roman"/>205<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"/><emph type="roman"/>N<emph.end type="roman"/><emph.end type="center"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="roman"/>NA<emph.end type="roman"/>tura della diui&longs;ione. <emph type="roman"/>3<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Natura del &longs;u<gap/>getto. <emph type="roman"/>90<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Natura inuentrice dell'ordine. <emph type="roman"/>8<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"/><emph type="roman"/>O<emph.end type="roman"/><emph.end type="center"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="roman"/>OP<emph.end type="roman"/>po&longs;iti quali &longs;ieno. <emph type="roman"/>157<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Oppo&longs;itioni d<gap/> propo&longs;itio <lb/>ni. <emph type="roman"/>108<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Oppo&longs;itioni di uoci. <emph type="roman"/>102<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Ordine. <emph type="roman"/>6<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Ordine proprio. <emph type="roman"/>11<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Ordine quanto &longs;ia nece&longs;&longs;ario <lb/>nel trattare delle &longs;cienze <emph type="roman"/>7<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Ordine compo&longs;itiuo & diffiniti <lb/>uo non &longs;ono &longs;uperflui ma ne­<lb/>ce&longs;&longs;arij. <emph type="roman"/>25<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Ordine particolare. <emph type="roman"/>12<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Ordine ri&longs;olutiuo piu utile di <lb/>tutti. <emph type="roman"/>28<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Ordine quando nelle co&longs;e non <lb/>è nece&longs;&longs;ario. <emph type="roman"/>53<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Ordine uniuer&longs;ale. <emph type="roman"/>12<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Ordine diffinitiuo che co&longs;a &longs;ia. <lb/>a car. <emph type="roman"/>43<emph.end type="roman"/><lb/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Ordine ri&longs;olutiuo onde comin­<lb/><gap/>. <emph type="roman"/>23<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Ordine u&longs;ato da Ari&longs;totile. <emph type="roman"/>55<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Ordine proprio & improprio. <lb/><gap/> car. <emph type="roman"/>11<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Ordine compo&longs;itiuo nella medi <lb/>cina d'onde cominci. <emph type="roman"/>76<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Ordine diffinitiuo come diffe­<lb/>ri&longs;ca dagli altri ordini. <emph type="roman"/>36<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Ordine e&longs;&longs;entiale è di due &longs;or­<lb/>ti. <emph type="roman"/>16<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"/><emph type="roman"/>P<emph.end type="roman"/><emph.end type="center"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="roman"/>PA<emph.end type="roman"/>rti ignote quali &longs;iano. <lb/>a car. <emph type="roman"/>169<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Paßi della &longs;cala. <emph type="roman"/>6<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Perche i generi non &longs;i diuidona <lb/>per opo&longs;<gap/>ion relatiua. <emph type="roman"/>140<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Percbe que&longs;t'opera &longs;ia intitolata <lb/>&longs;cala delle &longs;cienze, & arti. <lb/>a carte. <emph type="roman"/>2<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Per qual cau&longs;a Auicenna ha <lb/>cominciato da gli elementi <lb/>& non da medicamenti. <emph type="roman"/>56<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Potenza e&longs;teriore. <emph type="roman"/>189<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Potenza e&longs;timatiua ouero cogi­<lb/>tatiua. <emph type="roman"/>191<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Potenza memoratiua. <emph type="roman"/>191<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Potenza interiore. <emph type="roman"/>190<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Potenze & attioni dell'anima <lb/>uegetale. <emph type="roman"/>189<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Potenze della &longs;en&longs;itiua. <emph type="roman"/>189<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Potenze dell'anima. <emph type="roman"/>189<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Predicatione in quanti modi &longs;i <lb/>facci. <emph type="roman"/>100<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Predica<gap/>iali, &longs;emplici, <lb/><gap/> compo&longs;iti. <emph type="roman"/>143<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <pb/> <p type="main"> <s>Principij di quante &longs;orte &longs;iano. <lb/><gap/>car. <emph type="roman"/>70<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Principij matematici. <emph type="roman"/>72<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Prima &longs;en&longs;atione. <emph type="roman"/>182<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Pronunciati qual &longs;ieno. <emph type="roman"/>155<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Propo&longs;itione di primo adiacen­<lb/>te. <emph type="roman"/>105<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Propo&longs;itioni modali. <emph type="roman"/>105<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Propo&longs;itioni Ippotetice. <emph type="roman"/>100<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Proce&longs;&longs;o della ri&longs;olutione. <emph type="roman"/>66<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Propo&longs;itioni probabili. <emph type="roman"/>132<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Propo&longs;itioni nece&longs;&longs;arie. <emph type="roman"/>111<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"/><emph type="roman"/>Q<emph.end type="roman"/><emph.end type="center"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="roman"/>QVAI<emph.end type="roman"/> modi na&longs;cano da <lb/>colui ch'in&longs;egna <emph type="roman"/>198<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Quando &longs;ia nece&longs;&longs;ario a &longs;eruirne <lb/><expan abbr="dell'oppo&longs;itiõ">dell'oppo&longs;itiom</expan> negatiua. <emph type="roman"/>171<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Quante &longs;orte d'ordine &longs;i puo <lb/>con&longs;iderare in ogni arte di <lb/>&longs;cienza. <emph type="roman"/>52.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Quarta figura perche uana <lb/>a car. <emph type="roman"/>126<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Que&longs;ta figura de &longs;illogismi co­<lb/>me &longs;i po&longs;&longs;a far &longs;econdo Ga­<lb/>leno. <emph type="roman"/>126<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Quiui &longs;i ri&longs;olue un bel dubbio. <lb/>a car. <emph type="roman"/>50<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"/><emph type="roman"/>R<emph.end type="roman"/><emph.end type="center"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="roman"/>RI<emph.end type="roman"/>&longs;olutione qual &longs;ia <emph type="roman"/>39<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Ri&longs;olutione da qual &longs;pecie <lb/>di fini cominci. <emph type="roman"/>46<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Ri&longs;olutione impropria. <emph type="roman"/>37<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Ri&longs;olutione della medicina. <emph type="roman"/>56<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Ri&longs;olutione u&longs;ata da Galeno &longs;e­<lb/><lb/>condo alcuni. <emph type="roman"/>39<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Ri&longs;olutione che co&longs;a &longs;ia & a che <lb/>&longs;erua. <emph type="roman"/>140<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Ri&longs;olutione che denoti. <emph type="roman"/>36<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Ri&longs;olutione del Grammatico. <emph type="roman"/>63<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Ri&longs;olutione del Logico. <emph type="roman"/>63<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Ri&longs;olutione matematica <emph type="roman"/>65<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Ri&longs;olutione di teoremi, onde co­<lb/>minci. <emph type="roman"/>43<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Ri&longs;olution matematica. <emph type="roman"/>174<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Ri&longs;olution logica. <emph type="roman"/>174<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Ri&longs;olution propria. <emph type="roman"/>37<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"/><emph type="roman"/>S<emph.end type="roman"/><emph.end type="center"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="roman"/>SA<emph.end type="roman"/>nità come &longs;i ricupera. <emph type="roman"/>58<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Scrittura che co&longs;a &longs;ia. <emph type="roman"/>20<gap/><emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Sei modi &longs;implici &longs;i po&longs;&longs;on u&longs;ar <lb/>&longs;eparatamente. <emph type="roman"/>206<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Sillogi&longs;mo &longs;o&longs;i&longs;tico. <emph type="roman"/>132<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Sillogismo in quanti modi &longs;i con <lb/>&longs;ideri. <emph type="roman"/>112<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Sillogismo da quanti terminira <lb/>&longs;ulti. <emph type="roman"/>95<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Sillogi&longs;mo che co&longs;a &longs;ia. <emph type="roman"/>112<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Sillogi&longs;mo topico <emph type="roman"/>130<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Similitudine come &longs;i tr<gap/>oui. <lb/>a car. <emph type="roman"/>156<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Si proua che la dottrina non è <lb/>ordine & che la diffinitione, <lb/>compo&longs;itione & ri&longs;olatione <lb/>&longs;ono ordini, e non dottri­<lb/>ne. <emph type="roman"/>19<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Specie di animali. <emph type="roman"/>189<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Specie degli in&longs;trumenti quan­<lb/>te &longs;iano. </s> </p> <pb/> <p type="main"> <s>Specie dell'anima. <emph type="roman"/>187<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Specie delli in&longs;trumenti. <emph type="roman"/>180<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Specie de gli in&longs;trumenti quante <lb/>&longs;ieno. <emph type="roman"/>6<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Suggetto che co&longs;a &longs;ia. <emph type="roman"/>151<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"/><emph type="roman"/>T<emph.end type="roman"/><emph.end type="center"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="roman"/>TAPPO<emph.end type="roman"/> che co&longs;a &longs;ia. <lb/>a car. <emph type="roman"/>180<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Tempo e &longs;ue diui&longs;ioni. <emph type="roman"/>153<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Teoremi particolari quali &longs;ieno <lb/>appre&longs;&longs;o Auicenna. <emph type="roman"/>52<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Termini del &longs;illogismo. <emph type="roman"/>113<emph.end type="roman"/><lb/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Termini logicali quanti &longs;ieno <lb/>a car. <emph type="roman"/>96<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"/><emph type="roman"/>V<emph.end type="roman"/><emph.end type="center"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="roman"/>VI<emph.end type="roman"/>rtù imaginatiua. <emph type="roman"/>190<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Vniuoci. <emph type="roman"/>101<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Vniuer&longs;ale qual &longs;ia. <emph type="roman"/>99<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Voce quante &longs;ieno. <emph type="roman"/>98<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Voce artificiale. <emph type="roman"/>97<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Voce della &longs;econda intentione. <lb/>a car. <emph type="roman"/>98<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Voce della prima intentione. <emph type="roman"/>98<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>Voce che co&longs;a &longs;ia. <emph type="roman"/>97<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s>V&longs;o della induttione. <emph type="roman"/>194<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"/><emph type="roman"/>IL FINE DELLA TAVOLA DELLE COSE <lb/>NOTABILI.<emph.end type="roman"/><emph.end type="center"/></s> </p> <figure></figure> <pb/> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"/><emph type="roman"/>ERRORI CORSI NELLO <lb/>STAMPARE.<emph.end type="roman"/><emph.end type="center"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="roman"/>Car. 2. lin. 7. trattenerai leggi, trattener&longs;i 7.15. accre&longs;ca <lb/>accre&longs;ce. 10.16. de&longs;ciuere, de&longs;criuere. 17.17. lucidi <lb/>&longs;critti, luce de' &longs;critti. 19.19. mo&longs;trarmi, mo&longs;trarui. <lb/>20.26. de', di. 21.12. uiui. contradirebbono, leua uia <lb/>il punto. 30.10. propone&longs;le, prepone&longs;&longs;e. 34.19. altri, <lb/>altre 37.9. incominciaua, incomincia. 44.13. ado&longs;&longs;o, <lb/>ade&longs;&longs;o. 44.14 &longs;ueglierò, &longs;cioglierò. 55.17. accenderui, <lb/>a&longs;cenderui. 67. ult. primi, prime. 69.27. loda&longs;&longs;e, loda&longs;te. <lb/>70.6. fini&longs;&longs;e, fini&longs;ce. 71.10. cognitioni, cognitione 73. <lb/>23. eredo, credo. 78.19. medicianle, medicinale. 78.ult. <lb/>inprincipiati, 1 principiati. 86.24 differetne, differente. <lb/>85.1. &longs;ommamnete, &longs;ommamente. 85.7 documenij, <lb/>documenti. 87.4. de&longs;ciuere, de&longs;criuere. 88.12. &longs;eguire, <lb/>&longs;eguite. 88.16. Paripatetici, Peripatetici. 93.25. giornoi, <lb/>giorno. 102.11. contradittioni, contradittione. 105.14. <lb/>adiacento, adiacente. 116.6. che la, che &longs;e la. 116.21. <lb/>Ci, Si. 124. 8. &longs;egui, &longs;egue. 128.23. Tutti tutte. 135. <lb/>16. Demo&longs;tro&longs;tratiua, demo&longs;tratiua. 143.9. accidentali, <lb/>accidentali. 154.21. morralità, mortalità. 163.4. &longs;citto­<lb/>ri, &longs;crittori. 165 23. più ue, più ne. 166 2. à la, è la. 176. <lb/>10. Iappo, Tappo. 185.20. dal cane, del cane. 196.14. <lb/>&longs;tara, &longs;taua. 199 15. e le prouette, gli prouetti. 193.9. <lb/>che li compo&longs;iti, che l'Empirici. 193.23. talche farà esqui <lb/>lio, talche di&longs;corerà. 193.23. il di&longs;cor&longs;o del intelletto, <lb/>il di&longs;cor&longs;o del intelletto, & la e&longs;perienza tanto farà. 193. <lb/>27. con una mede&longs;ima corona, con una mede&longs;ima &longs;carpa. <lb/>193.28. ma &longs;econdo tale indicationi di&longs;&longs;e, ma &longs;econdo <lb/>le indicationi, che. 194.1. e per che, per que&longs;to. 194.2. <lb/>l'Eccellente Marcandon Antonio montagnana, l'Eccellen­<lb/>te Marco Montagnana perche muta. 203.15. le e&longs;&longs;ortatio <lb/>ni, le e&longs;&longs;ornationi. 206 27. menco, manco.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <pb/> <figure></figure> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"/><emph type="roman"/>SETTIONI <lb/>DELLA PRESENTE <lb/>OPERA.<emph.end type="roman"/><emph.end type="center"/></s> </p> <figure></figure> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="roman"/>NELLA prima Settione &longs;i di­<lb/>&longs;corre de'tre Ordini.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="roman"/>Nella &longs;econda &longs;i tratta de' quattro <lb/>Metodi:<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="roman"/>Nella terza &longs;i ragiona de gli i&longs;tro­<lb/>menti i&longs;perimentali.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="roman"/>Nella quarta, & ultima &longs;ono po&longs;ti <lb/>imodi, & le loro uariationi.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"/>Et tutti i &longs;opradetti i&longs;tromenti &longs;ono metaforica­<lb/>mente compre&longs;i &longs;otto nome di poggi, <lb/>gradi, piano, & paßi <lb/>della Scala.<emph.end type="center"/><lb/> <arrow.to.target n="fig1"></arrow.to.target></s> </p> <pb pagenum="1"/> <figure id="fig1"></figure> <figure></figure> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"/><emph type="roman"/>DELLA SCALA <lb/>DELLE SCIENZE, <lb/>ET ARTI, <lb/>DIVISA IN QVATTRO SETTIONI.<emph.end type="roman"/><lb/>DALL'ECCELLENTE MEDICO, <lb/><emph type="roman"/>& Filo&longs;ofo, Me&longs;&longs;er GREGORIO <lb/>MORELLI. <lb/>SETTION PRIMA. <lb/>INTERLOCVTORI.<emph.end type="roman"/><emph.end type="center"/></s> </p> <figure></figure> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"/><emph type="roman"/>TOMITANO, ET MORELLO.<emph.end type="roman"/><emph.end type="center"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="roman"/>Q<emph.end type="roman"/>V<emph type="roman"/>ESTE<emph.end type="roman"/> S<emph type="roman"/>CALE,<emph.end type="roman"/><lb/>che noi hora a&longs;cendia­<lb/>mo, mifanno &longs;ouenire, <lb/>T<emph type="roman"/>OMITANO<emph.end type="roman"/> mio, <lb/>d'una prome&longs;&longs;a, che gia <lb/>due giorni mi face&longs;te, <lb/>ragionando io di alcune <lb/>arti le quali, dai principij in poi, non &longs;i po&longs;­<lb/>&longs;ono per regola in&longs;egnare, ne dare ad intendere, <pb pagenum="2"/>perche ne anche colui, che ne è con&longs;umatißi­<lb/>mo le pone in opera con ordine alcuno, & uoi <lb/>mi dimanda&longs;te quali erano cotali arti, & io <lb/>ui dißi tra que&longs;te, e&longs;&longs;ere una la Pittura, & mi <lb/>promette&longs;te di mo&longs;trarmi la &longs;cala, per la qua <lb/>le ogni &longs;orte di &longs;cienze ordinatamente cami­<lb/>na. Hor mò che per lo &longs;pe&longs;&longs;o trattenerai con <lb/>amici diuer&longs;i non &longs;i è tra noi promo&longs;&longs;a anco­<lb/>ra materia alcuna &longs;econdo l'u&longs;o no&longs;tro, di gra <lb/>tia fatemi hoggi que&longs;to fauore, quale uera­<lb/>mente terrò fra i maggiori, che da huomo <lb/>mai mi fo&longs;&longs;ero fatti T<emph type="roman"/>OMIT.<emph.end type="roman"/> Tal materia <lb/>&longs;arebbe lunga, & poco diletteuole M<emph type="roman"/>OREL.<emph.end type="roman"/><lb/>mio, &longs;e di e&longs;&longs;a hora me ne face&longs;te ragionare, <lb/>M<emph type="roman"/>OREL.<emph.end type="roman"/> Io mi farò un Metamorfo&longs;i in <lb/>un patiente, & me la pa&longs;&longs;erò. Horsù comin <lb/>ciate ui prego T<emph type="roman"/>OMITA.<emph.end type="roman"/> La prome&longs;&longs;a è <lb/>debita, nobile è la richie&longs;ta, & però al fi­<lb/>ne non ue la po&longs;&longs;o negare M<emph type="roman"/>OREL.<emph.end type="roman"/> Co&longs;i </s> </p> <p type="main"> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg1"></arrow.to.target><lb/>è, hor dite T<emph type="roman"/>OMIT.<emph.end type="roman"/> La &longs;cala delle &longs;cien­<lb/>ze, della quale hora parlar uogliamo, accio <lb/>&longs;appiate, è quello i&longs;trumento delle dottrine di <lb/>che tanto parlarono, & tanto fecero stima <lb/>gli antichi; il quale à propo&longs;ito no&longs;tro perche <lb/>à punto per certi gradimi conduce alla cogni­<lb/>tione delle co&longs;e &longs;arà in forma d'una &longs;cala, che <lb/>u&longs;ata da noi per la di&longs;tintione de' &longs;uoi gradi <lb/>ne inalzerà al &longs;ommo della intelligenza hu- <pb pagenum="3"/>mana. Per tanto fa di bi&longs;ogno, che uolendo <lb/>intendere la perfettione di que&longs;to in&longs;trumento, <lb/>ueniamo alla diui&longs;ione di cotal genere, & co&longs;i <lb/>n'indirizziamo à cia&longs;cuna parte di e&longs;&longs;o, & <lb/>da indi in poi, per le differenze proprie alle <lb/>&longs;petie &longs;petialißime finalmente terminiamo. <lb/>In natura della diui&longs;ione è di &longs;membrare il <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg2"></arrow.to.target><lb/>genere per le differenze non &longs;olo oppo&longs;ite, ma <lb/>proprie, & e&longs;&longs;entiali, tratte dalla definitio­<lb/>ne di e&longs;&longs;o genere &longs;membrato. Onde è nece&longs;&longs;a­<lb/>rio prima de&longs;inire, & po&longs;cia con l'artifitio del <lb/>la diui&longs;ione &longs;partire il &longs;udetto genere nelle &longs;ue <lb/>&longs;petie. Que&longs;ta &longs;cala adunque, è in&longs;trumento <lb/>della co&longs;a i&longs;trutta, ordinata, di&longs;po&longs;ta, & in­<lb/>&longs;egnata, poi che mi ri&longs;oluo di non uolere accet­<lb/>tare le differenze da altri, che dalle co&longs;e i&longs;trut <lb/>te; concio&longs;iache l'e&longs;&longs;ere dell'in&longs;trumento delle <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg3"></arrow.to.target><lb/>dottrine &longs;i genera dalle &longs;cienze, & dalle arti, <lb/>nè hà l'e&longs;&longs;ere in alcuna altra co&longs;a che in loro, <lb/>lequali, &longs;econdo il bi&longs;ogno loro &longs;i &longs;eruono di <lb/>e&longs;&longs;o in&longs;trumento. M<emph type="roman"/>OREL.<emph.end type="roman"/> Mi piace tut­<lb/>to quello che uoi hauete detto, percioche tut <lb/>ti i relatiui (come pare che dica Ari&longs;totele) <lb/>non &longs;ono in &longs;e steßi, ma in quelli à che &longs;i rife­<lb/>ri&longs;cono: & però il &longs;eruo ha l'e&longs;&longs;ere dal patro <lb/>ne, & il patrone dal &longs;eruo, & la diuer&longs;ità <lb/>de' &longs;erui na&longs;ce dalla diuer&longs;ita de' patroni, & <lb/>parimente per il contrario. Di modo, che tante <pb pagenum="4"/>&longs;aranno le &longs;petie dell'in&longs;trumento, quante &longs;a­<lb/>ranno gli ufficij, & uarij &longs;eruigij che fanno le <lb/>co&longs;e i&longs;trutte. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Tanto è. Hor che laccorto <lb/>uo&longs;tro giuditio mi rimuoue dalla dichiaratione <lb/>particolare della diffinitione dell'in&longs;trumen­<lb/>to, &longs;enza di e&longs;&longs;a altro dirne, me ne uengo alla <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg4"></arrow.to.target><lb/>diui&longs;ione del gia detto no&longs;tro i&longs;trumento. Pa­<lb/>re adunque dal parlar no&longs;tro che l'i&longs;trumento <lb/>dependa dalla e&longs;&longs;enza, & struttura delle co­<lb/>&longs;e, & per que&longs;to alcune &longs;petie di tale i&longs;tru­<lb/>mento &longs;ono state da Dio, & dalla Natura pri <lb/>ma u&longs;ate, & poi dall'huomo, eßi imitando, <lb/>adoprate; &longs;oggiugnendogli alcune altre trat­<lb/>te però dalle differenze; cioè dalla struttura <lb/>delle co&longs;e, & que&longs;to s'è in&longs;egnato di fare per <lb/>li bi&longs;ogni delle &longs;cienze, & arti, accioche ogni <lb/>bi&longs;ogno haue&longs;&longs;e il proprio i&longs;trumento, co'l qua <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg5"></arrow.to.target><lb/>le &longs;i pote&longs;&longs;e riparare. Per tanto le &longs;cienze, <lb/>& arti ancora, non &longs;ono onninamente cono&longs;ciu <lb/>te, ne alcune delle loro parti &longs;corte; & ecco­<lb/>ui il bi&longs;ogno del primo i&longs;trumento. Oltra di <lb/>que&longs;to mancano ancora di di&longs;po&longs;itione, & pie <lb/>ne di confu&longs;ione, &longs;par&longs;e, & da ogni parte islo <lb/>gate ne rimangono; & eccoui il bi&longs;ogno del <lb/>&longs;econdo i&longs;trumento. Onde per prima conuie­<lb/>ne hauere due i&longs;trumenti, percioche due an­<lb/>che &longs;ono li primi bi&longs;ogni delle &longs;cienze, & ar­<lb/>ti. L'uno cioè, che manife&longs;ti le co&longs;e incognite, <pb pagenum="5"/>& l'altro, che le confu&longs;e ordinatamente ne <lb/>di&longs;ponga. Oltra di que&longs;to, quantunque que <lb/>sti due i&longs;trumenti ne ba&longs;ta&longs;&longs;ero per li bi&longs;ogni <lb/>delle &longs;cienze, in quanto che &longs;ieno, non di me <lb/>no fa di bi&longs;ogno di un altro i&longs;trumento à fare <lb/>che &longs;ieno &longs;apute dall'huom nel modo, che &longs;o­<lb/>no ritrouate, & di&longs;po&longs;te per mezo delli due <lb/>gia detti i&longs;trumenti, & que&longs;to è quello i&longs;tru­<lb/>mento che chiamano gli &longs;crittori modo di &longs;a­<lb/>pere, ò d'in&longs;egnare, che ne uogliam dire. <lb/>M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> In uero per quello che mi auuedo, <lb/>que&longs;to i&longs;trumento è molto nece&longs;&longs;ario, perche <lb/>&longs;e non fo&longs;&longs;e, non sò come que&longs;te uo&longs;tre &longs;cien­<lb/>ze camina&longs;&longs;ero per la &longs;cala, che con li due <lb/>primi i&longs;trumenti far uolete, & &longs;arebbe &longs;cala <lb/>&longs;enza &longs;cienza, che per il uero è impoßibile <lb/>che &longs;ia; come è anche impoßibile che l'huo­<lb/>mo &longs;ia huomo &longs;enza le &longs;ue parti, & ordine <lb/>di quelle; lequai co&longs;e po&longs;&longs;ono e&longs;&longs;ere &longs;eparata­<lb/>mente l'una dall'altra con&longs;iderate, ma non <lb/>po&longs;&longs;ono però e&longs;&longs;ere &longs;e non &longs;ono tutte in&longs;ieme. <lb/>T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> è il mede&longs;imo de gli i&longs;trumenti, & <lb/>&longs;cienze, perche le &longs;cienze non po&longs;&longs;ono e&longs;&longs;ere <lb/>&longs;enza i&longs;trumenti, ne gli i&longs;trumenti po&longs;&longs;ono e&longs;­<lb/>&longs;ere &longs;enza le co&longs;e, ò naturali, ò artificiali, ò <lb/>&longs;opranaturali che &longs;ieno. Tuttauia cia&longs;cuna <lb/>di que&longs;te &longs;eparatamente po&longs;&longs;ono e&longs;&longs;ere con&longs;i­<lb/>derate, & percio noi &longs;eparatamente de gli <pb pagenum="6"/>i&longs;trumenti ragionaremo; & &longs;e delle co&longs;e ne ac <lb/>cadera di parlare, uoglio che noi le chiamia­<lb/>mo indi&longs;&longs;erentemente co&longs;e & &longs;cienze, & ar­<lb/>ti, quantunque impropriameute, perche non <lb/>&longs;ono ne &longs;cienze, ne arti, &longs;e con gli i&longs;trumen­<lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg6"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ti non &longs;i congiungono. Tornando dunque al <lb/>propo&longs;ito no&longs;tro, dico, che nece&longs;&longs;ariamen­<lb/>te tre &longs;ono le &longs;pecie de gli i&longs;trumenti, de' <lb/>quali uno è, che ne &longs;erue à chiarire le co&longs;e oc­<lb/>culte; laltro à di&longs;porle, & il terzo è il mo­<lb/>do che adoperiamo nel maneggiare que&longs;ti due <lb/>i&longs;trumenti per di&longs;porre, & fare che e&longs;&longs;e &longs;cien <lb/>ze, & arti &longs;ieno inte&longs;e. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Ottimamen <lb/>te ho inte&longs;a la diui&longs;ione dell'i&longs;trumento, però <lb/>uenite à uo&longs;tra po&longs;ta alla dichiaratione delle <lb/>&longs;pecie. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Me ne uerrò dunque alla pri <lb/>ma &longs;pecie. Li&longs;trumento, che le co&longs;e sbanda­<lb/>te, & confu&longs;e ra&longs;&longs;etta, & compone, haue­<lb/>rà appre&longs;&longs;o di noi quel nome, che ha &longs;empre <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg7"></arrow.to.target><lb/>hauuto appre&longs;&longs;o gli &longs;crittori, cioè Ordine, & <lb/>&longs;arà poggio della no&longs;tra &longs;cala; & quell'altro <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg8"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;econdo i&longs;trumento chiameremo Metodo, ò <lb/>uia che ne uogliam dire, & &longs;aranno i gradi <lb/>della gia detta &longs;cala; & la terza &longs;pecie, cioè <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg9"></arrow.to.target><lb/>modo d'in&longs;egnare, ò &longs;eriuere &longs;aranno i paßi, <lb/>che faranno e&longs;&longs;e &longs;cienze per la gia detta &longs;ca­<lb/>la, ò che faranno coloro, i quali per quella <lb/>anderanno. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Talmente intendo, che <pb pagenum="7"/>anche mi aueggio de gli Autori, che in ciò <lb/>imitare uolete, ne piu &longs;aldi & fermi poteua­<lb/>te ritrouare quanto Ari&longs;totele, & Galeno: <lb/>liquali dottamente incaminarono l'uno la Filo <lb/>&longs;ofia, & l'altro la Medicina per la mede&longs;ima <lb/>&longs;cala, di che uoi hora parlate, da pochi hog­<lb/>gidì inte&longs;a, & meno dalli pa&longs;&longs;ati, que&longs;ti due <lb/>eccettuando. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Voi dite il uero che io <lb/>uoglio la materia & il modello pigliare dalle <lb/>due &longs;elue à Minerua, & Apollo con&longs;acrate, <lb/>& che pochi de' no&longs;tri pa&longs;&longs;ati, & moderni <lb/>inte&longs;ero que&longs;ta &longs;cala. La &longs;coper&longs;e ben di lon­<lb/>tano il Leoniceno, & il Manardo, ma non la <lb/>uidero da pre&longs;&longs;o. Hor à propo&longs;ito, l'ordine <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg10"></arrow.to.target><lb/>e tanto nece&longs;&longs;ario, che alle co&longs;e diuine accre­<lb/>&longs;ca gratia, fauore, & bellezza; alle natu­<lb/>rali porta l'e&longs;&longs;ere, con la uita in&longs;ieme: onde <lb/>quegli artefici, che perfetti e&longs;&longs;ere de&longs;iderano, <lb/>in altro non cercano di aßimigliar&longs;i alla natu <lb/>ra, quale deuono imitare, che nell'ordine; <lb/>& però Ari&longs;totele, miracolo, & unico fi­<lb/>gliuolo ueramente di natura, di&longs;&longs;e che à co&longs;a <lb/>ueruna non era piu intento, quanto nell'o&longs;&longs;er­<lb/>uare l'ordine della &longs;aggia natura; ne &longs;eppe <lb/>uedere in e&longs;&longs;a co&longs;a piu notabile, & che piu <lb/>piacere reca&longs;&longs;e à lui, dell'ordine; parendogli <lb/>pure, oltra il diletto, che egli &longs;entiua nel <lb/>guardarlo, la memoria di quello douergli in <pb pagenum="8"/>qualche modo giouare, &longs;e imitarlo cerca&longs;&longs;e ne <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg11"></arrow.to.target><lb/>gli &longs;critti &longs;uoi. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> In uero è come dice <lb/>ua il già detto Ari&longs;totele nella Fi&longs;ica, che del <lb/>l'ordine la natura ne è inuentrice, ne mai pro <lb/>duce co&longs;a inordinata, &longs;e pure per qualche <lb/>accidente non è impedita; & all'hora quello <lb/>effetto per e&longs;&longs;ere inordinato piu non lo chia­<lb/>miamo di natura, ma effetto d'un'altra cagio <lb/>ne innominata. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Veramente di tanta <lb/>forza è lordine nelle co&longs;e naturali, che à con <lb/>firmatione di quello che uoi hauete detto, di­<lb/>ce Auerroe nel libro delle di&longs;truttioni, che &longs;e <lb/>il moto d'uno de i cele&longs;ti cerchij ce&longs;&longs;a&longs;&longs;e, tut­<lb/>to l'ordine dell'uniuer&longs;o &longs;i di&longs;truggerebbe, al <lb/>che &longs;eguirebbe la ruina dell'uniuer&longs;o. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/><lb/>Come è poßibile, che alla de&longs;truttione di una <lb/>particella &longs;ola, haue&longs;&longs;e da &longs;eguire il di&longs;ordine, <lb/>& de&longs;truttione del tutto? noi ueggiamo bene <lb/>&longs;pe&longs;&longs;o, che molte co&longs;e qua giu &longs;ono inordinate, <lb/>& però non &longs;egue la ruina, non dirò, del tut <lb/>to, ma ne anche della parte, di che loro &longs;o­<lb/>no parte. Non &longs;i corrompe (uerbigratia) <lb/>una mano di un'huomo? tuttauia non &longs;i cor­<lb/>rompe già l'ordine & la uita di e&longs;&longs;o huomo. <lb/>T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Parlo io delle di&longs;cordie delle parti prin <lb/>cipali, lequali concorrono alla co&longs;titutione del <lb/>tutto: perche, accio &longs;appiate, &longs;i come le co&longs;e <lb/>fra loro &longs;ono graduate, co&longs;i parimente gli <pb pagenum="9"/>ordini hanno molti gradi, come ben diceua <lb/>e&longs;&longs;o Auerroe nel libro citato da uoi. Però <lb/>alla di&longs;truttione de gli ordini infimi, non &longs;egue <lb/>il di&longs;ordine de i &longs;uperiori ordini, &longs;i come an­<lb/>co alla corrottione d'una particella minima, <lb/>non &longs;egue la corrottione della maggiore. So­<lb/>no altri ordini, che per la loro eccellenza, & <lb/>dignità corrompendo&longs;i, corrompono tutto l'or­<lb/>dine dell'uniuer&longs;o; & però Auerroe riguar­<lb/>dando que&longs;ti ordini piu eccellenti, di&longs;&longs;e, che al <lb/>di&longs;ordine d'un circolo &longs;olo, &longs;eguiua il di&longs;ordi­<lb/>ne di tutto l'uniuer&longs;o. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Dapoi che &longs;ia­<lb/>mo intrati ne gli ordini della natura, ditemi di <lb/>gratia quali &longs;ieno piu perfetti, & meno perfet <lb/>ti. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Qui non è il &longs;uo proprio luogo, tutta <lb/>uia ui dirò quello che dicea il &longs;udetto Auerroe <lb/>nel libro del Cielo, che l'ordine delle co&longs;e cor­<lb/>rottibili è molto piu imperfetto di quello de i <lb/>Cieli, & quello delle intelligenze piu perfetto <lb/>di tutti, ne uerrò altramente à piu particola <lb/>re ordine, perche cia&longs;cuno de' gia detti tre or <lb/>dini hanno gradi; à me ba&longs;ta di hauerui &longs;a­<lb/>tisfatto in uniuer&longs;ale, & che inte&longs;o habbiate <lb/>di quanta eccellenza &longs;ia l'ordine di tutte le co <lb/>&longs;e. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Da que&longs;to dunque comprendo, che <lb/>dell'ordine l'huomo &longs;olo non è inuentore, ma <lb/>che è i&longs;trumento, che l'eterno Iddio hebbe eter <lb/>namente in &longs;e ste&longs;&longs;o, inanzi che lo communi- <pb pagenum="10"/>ca&longs;&longs;e alla natura, la quale, poi che hebbe le <lb/>co&longs;e di&longs;po&longs;te, l'huomo &longs;apiente aueduto&longs;i di <lb/>quanta perfettione &longs;ia l'ordine delle co&longs;e, &longs;i <lb/>affatica imitarla, per acqui&longs;tare perfettione <lb/>à &longs;e ste&longs;&longs;o, & alle opere che egli fa. Però <lb/>potemo hauere per conclu&longs;ione; che l'huomo <lb/>non &longs;a fare altro, ne può, &longs;e non dare ordine <lb/>hora à que&longs;ta, hora à que&longs;t'altra co&longs;a. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/><lb/>Que&longs;to i&longs;te&longs;&longs;o ho io gia detto, &longs;e uoi bene pa­<lb/>ragonate le uo&longs;tre parole con le mie, & per <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg12"></arrow.to.target><lb/>tanto ui replico che lordine è uno i&longs;trumento <lb/>di che &longs;i &longs;eruc Dio, la natura, & l'huomo <lb/>nel di&longs;porre le co&longs;e, nelle quali cade primo, <lb/>& ultimo. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Que&longs;ta in &longs;omma è la dif­<lb/>finitione dell'ordine, ne meglio &longs;i poteua de­<lb/>&longs;ciuere di quello che hauete de&longs;critto, la qua <lb/>le (&longs;e bene mi raccordo) è la mede&longs;ima con <lb/>quella di Ari&longs;lotele nella Meta&longs;i&longs;ica, oue di­<lb/>ce che l'ordine è &longs;olamente nelle co&longs;e, che han <lb/>no primo, & ultimo tra loro. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Anzi <lb/>che la diffinitione data da me è dell'i&longs;te&longs;&longs;o Ari <lb/>stotele nella Fi&longs;ica, quando egli dice, che non <lb/>puo stare l'ordine nelle co&longs;e, che non hanno <lb/>primo, & ultimo; & percio appare che la <lb/>ragione formale dell'ordine &longs;ia primo, & ul­<lb/>timo. & Galeno ne i libri della cognitione de <lb/>pol&longs;i ha diffinito l'ordine nel mede&longs;imo modo. <lb/>M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> ecco adunque, che il primo ramo ne <pb pagenum="11"/>uiene dalle &longs;elue &longs;opradette, ma innanzi che <lb/>piu oltre noi tra&longs;corriamo, ditcmi di gratia <lb/>&longs;e da Galeno, & Ari&longs;totele l'ordine uien pre <lb/>&longs;o in una &longs;ola &longs;ignificatione. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Breue­<lb/>mente ui ri&longs;ponderò. L'ordine è pigliato alle <lb/>uolte propriamente, & alle uolte impropria <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg13"></arrow.to.target><lb/>mente: & accioche uoi &longs;apiate di&longs;tinguere <lb/>que&longs;te due &longs;orti di ordine, prendete le con­<lb/>ditioni che &longs;i richieggono all'ordine propria­<lb/>mente con&longs;iderato, primieramente egli è ne­<lb/>ce&longs;&longs;ario, che quelle co&longs;e, tra le quali è l'ordine, <lb/>&longs;ieno di uno i&longs;te&longs;&longs;o genere, & che anche de­<lb/>bitamente &longs;ieno continuate, & parimente or <lb/>dinate ad un termine &longs;olo, & da quello pro­<lb/>priamente proportionate. Onde appare, che <lb/>dall'ordine &longs;ono &longs;eparate quelle co&longs;e, che &longs;ono <lb/>&longs;otto diuer&longs;i generi, lequali, benche &longs;ieno <lb/>me&longs;&longs;e in&longs;ieme, non fanno ordine proprio, ma <lb/>bene &longs;e lo uorremo chiamare proprio, &longs;arà or <lb/>dine impropriamente detto. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> A que­<lb/>sto modo &longs;i e&longs;cluderanno anche dall'ordine le <lb/>cau&longs;e mediate; perche &longs;e la prima cau&longs;a &longs;i <lb/>congiugnerà con la terza, non &longs;arà debita­<lb/>mente congiunta, & però non &longs;arà proprio <lb/>ordine, ma come hauete detto improprio; ne <lb/>quelle co&longs;e che non haueranno habitudine ad <lb/>uno i&longs;te&longs;&longs;o termine, quantunque &longs;ieno po&longs;te <lb/>in&longs;ieme in un certo modo, non &longs;aranno però <pb pagenum="12"/>ordinate propriamente. Ne gli accidenti, che <lb/>uariabili, & proportionati &longs;ono, à diuer&longs;i <lb/>termini potranno e&longs;&longs;ere ordinati propriamen­<lb/>te. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Sapete dunque quale &longs;ia l'ordine <lb/>proprio, & improprio; & quiui noi haue­<lb/>mo diffinito, ò de&longs;critto che ne uogliam dire, <lb/>l'ordine in uniuer&longs;ale, ne &longs;olamente que&longs;ta de <lb/>&longs;crittione abbraccia li due gia detti ordini,ma <lb/>tutte le &longs;pecie dell'ordine, percioche &longs;i diuide <lb/>anche e&longs;&longs;o ordine in uniuer&longs;ale, & particola­<lb/>re. L'ordine uniuer&longs;ale è quello, che ordina <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg14"></arrow.to.target><lb/>tutta una facultà, come appre&longs;&longs;o Ari&longs;totele <lb/>quell'ordine, che egli chiama compo&longs;itiuo è <lb/>uniuer&longs;ale, perche abbraccia tutta la Filo&longs;o­<lb/>fia naturale. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> ct quando bene non <lb/>contene&longs;&longs;e particolarmente tutte le co&longs;e di quel <lb/>la facultà, potrebbe&longs;i egli dire ordine uniuer <lb/>&longs;ale? T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Senza dubbio. purche le abbrac <lb/>ci uniuer&longs;almente, come fa quell'ordine, che <lb/>Galeno nella co&longs;titutione dell'arte, chiamò ri <lb/>&longs;olutione, ilquale contiene tutte le parti del­<lb/>la medicina non particolarmente, ma in uni­<lb/>uer&longs;ale; percioche in genere, qua&longs;i per linea <lb/>diritta e&longs;&longs;e parti della Medicina &longs;ono ordinate. <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg15"></arrow.to.target><lb/>M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Mi piace, & però &longs;iate contento dir <lb/>mi quale &longs;ia l'ordine particolare. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Da <lb/>uoi mede&longs;imo lo potete &longs;apere: tutta uia dico, <lb/>che &longs;arà quello, che ordinarà &longs;olamente una <pb pagenum="13"/>parte di una facultà, ne tutte le co&longs;e di&longs;pone <lb/>in quella; & que&longs;to ordine &longs;arà ne i Metodi, <lb/>perche, accio &longs;appiate, cia&longs;cuno Metodo è or <lb/>dinato; ma però la cognitione che hauerete <lb/>dell'ordine uniuer&longs;ale, ui farà anche cono&longs;ce­<lb/>re il particolare; & auuertite che ui è anco­<lb/>ra un'altra di&longs;tintione dell'ordine, cioè ò che <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg16"></arrow.to.target><lb/>egli &longs;arà accidentale, ouero e&longs;&longs;entiale: acci­<lb/>dentale diremo che &longs;ia ogni uolta, che ordina <lb/>ràle co&longs;e accidentalmente à tale ordine incli­<lb/>nate: l altro poi e&longs;&longs;entiale chiamaremo quello, <lb/>che ordinarà le co&longs;e, che &longs;econdo la loro e&longs;&longs;en <lb/>za hanno l'habitudine à tale ordine; & noi <lb/>in que&longs;to luogo con&longs;ideraremo l'ordine propria <lb/>mente pigliato, & che è uniuer&longs;ale, & e&longs;&longs;en <lb/>tiale. Però ui torno à dire, che l'ordine uni­<lb/>uer&longs;ale proprio, & e&longs;&longs;entiale è quello i&longs;trumen <lb/>to, che noi adoperiamo nel di&longs;porre le co&longs;e, <lb/>nelle quali cade primo, & ultimo. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/><lb/>Per mia fè che io re&longs;to tanto &longs;atisfatto, quan <lb/>to &longs;aprei de&longs;iderare, ne poteuate di&longs;criuere <lb/>meglio que&longs;to ordine, del quale uolete ragio­<lb/>nare; percioche il genere &longs;uo piu proßimo <lb/>gli hauete aßignato, & le &longs;ue differenze an­<lb/>cora, come conuien&longs;i fare nelle diffinitioni, <lb/>& à confirmatione di tutto que&longs;to, Galeno ne <lb/><gap/> libri delle differenze de' pol&longs;i afferma, che <lb/>chi dice habitudine di molti ad uno, din<gap/>ti ri- <pb pagenum="14"/>&longs;petto. L'ordine dice habitudine perche ordi­<lb/>na, & a&longs;&longs;etta molte co&longs;e ad uno; & di qui <lb/>na&longs;ce, che prudentißimamente uoi habbiate <lb/>po&longs;to l'ordine nel genere della relatione, che <lb/>è l'i&longs;trumento, & que&longs;to &longs;ia detto in quanto <lb/>alla intelligenza dell'ordine, perche il re&longs;to <lb/>della diffinitione al parer mio è a&longs;&longs;ai manife­<lb/>&longs;to, ne punto ha dibi&longs;ogno di maggiore dichia <lb/>ratione. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> ct d'onde pigliarete uoi le <lb/>differenze dell'ordine? &longs;e piu della diffinitione <lb/>non parlarete, non ui accorgete che in quella <lb/>parte, che uoi hauete detto e&longs;&longs;ere da &longs;e ste&longs;&longs;a <lb/>chiara, ui &longs;ono na&longs;co&longs;te le differenze d'onde <lb/>trarre &longs;i puo la diui&longs;ione dell'ordine? M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/><lb/>Per certo io giudicauo che ui foßino, & le <lb/>haurei di&longs;coperte, ma temeuo di non i&longs;traccia <lb/>re la rete. Però uoi che &longs;iate piu de&longs;tro di <lb/>me i&longs;copritele ui prego. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Hor per <lb/>compiacerui le &longs;coprirò, & uoi le uccellare­<lb/>te; Per tanto &longs;enza indugio ui dico che è gia <lb/>stato detto da noi, l'ordine e&longs;&longs;ere i&longs;trumento <lb/>delle co&longs;e che hanno primo luogo, & ultimo, <lb/>affine di hauere la diui&longs;ione di e&longs;&longs;o ordine, per <lb/>ilche le co&longs;e, delle quali l'ordine è i&longs;trumento, <lb/>contengono in &longs;e e&longs;&longs;e differenze, perche è ne­<lb/>ce&longs;&longs;ario, che elleno &longs;ieno inclinate à quel ter­<lb/>mine al quale poi &longs;i ordinano, come ha la ma <lb/>teria alla forma. Que&longs;ta inclinatione può e&longs;- <pb pagenum="15"/>&longs;ere, ouero accidentale, ouer e&longs;&longs;entiale, et chia <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg17"></arrow.to.target><lb/>mo qui e&longs;&longs;entiale inclinatione quella, che le co&longs;e <lb/>hanno talmente tra loro, che altrimenti non la <lb/>po&longs;&longs;ono hauere &longs;e non &longs;i corrompono, o ueramen <lb/>te la&longs;ciano la natura loro; & que&longs;ta di&longs;po&longs;itio <lb/>ne &longs;i chiama parimente naturale; & è come <lb/>il cielo, che naturalmente nella Filo&longs;o&longs;ia natu <lb/>rale è di&longs;po&longs;to al primo motore, ne altrimenti <lb/>può e&longs;&longs;ere ordinato, che non &longs;ia ribelle all'or­<lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg18"></arrow.to.target><lb/>dine della natura. La di&longs;po&longs;itione, ò inclina­<lb/>tione che ne uogliam dire accidentale, è quan <lb/>do le co&longs;e hanno una certa mira, per la quale <lb/>po&longs;&longs;ono e&longs;&longs;ere ordinate altramente di quello <lb/>che la &longs;ua naturale inclinatione mo&longs;tra richie <lb/>dere, &longs;i come per e&longs;&longs;empio, il uedere ha natu­<lb/>rale inclinatione di e&longs;&longs;ere po&longs;tpo&longs;to al tatto, <lb/>tuttauia per mo&longs;trar&longs;i piu degno il uedere, che <lb/>il toccare, onde na&longs;ce la inclinatione acciden­<lb/>tale, può e&longs;&longs;ere antepo&longs;to e&longs;&longs;o uedere al &longs;udet <lb/>to tatto; & que&longs;to tale ordine &longs;eruò Ari&longs;tote <lb/>le ne i libri dell' Anima, de' &longs;en&longs;i trattando. <lb/>Onde da que&longs;te due inclinationi ne na&longs;cono due <lb/>ordini, come bene di &longs;opra diccuamo: l'uno <lb/>che a&longs;&longs;etta, & di&longs;pone le co&longs;e che hanno incli <lb/>natione naturale, & è l'ordine e&longs;&longs;entiale di <lb/>che noi hora parliamo: l'altro è quello, che <lb/>&longs;erue alla inclinatione accidentale delle co&longs;e, <lb/>& è parimente ancor que&longs;to chiamato ordine <pb pagenum="16"/>accidentale, ne mai ne &longs;eruiamo di tale ordi­<lb/>ne, &longs;e non perche ne pare meglio dell'e&longs;&longs;entia <lb/>le per qualche ri&longs;petto, ò perche la co&longs;a, che <lb/>&longs;i prepone, è piu degna, ouero piu cono&longs;ciu­<lb/>ta. Ne giudico io che Galeno nel &longs;econdo à <lb/>Glaucone, habbia u&longs;ato que&longs;to ordine acciden­<lb/>tale, come uogliono alcuni, incominciando <lb/>dalla febbre detta Efemera, come dalla piu no <lb/>ta, ma che &longs;ia ordine e&longs;&longs;entiale compo&longs;itiuo, <lb/>percioche incomincia dalla febbre piu &longs;emplice, <lb/>alla meno &longs;emplice, & uà finalmente in&longs;ino à <lb/>quella che manco di tutte è &longs;emplice. Onde &longs;e­<lb/>guendo in tutto quel trattato que&longs;to i&longs;te&longs;&longs;o ordi <lb/>ne &longs;enza interromperlo mai, fa che facilmente <lb/>io creda e&longs;&longs;ere ordine e&longs;&longs;entiale, & non acciden <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg19"></arrow.to.target><lb/>tale. L'ordine e&longs;&longs;entiale può e&longs;&longs;ere, come gia è <lb/>stato detto, uniuer&longs;ale, & particolare, et quan <lb/>do egli è particolare, non è ueramente ordi­<lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg20"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ne, ma metodo, perche, accio uoi &longs;appiate, <lb/>(& uolontieri replico que&longs;to per non m'intri­<lb/>care come hanno fatto alcuni) non è metodo <lb/>alcuno che non contenga in &longs;e ordine, &longs;i come <lb/>il metodo diffinitiuo contiene l'ordine, che ha <lb/>la diffinitione al diffinito, & quello delle par­<lb/>ti della diffinitione ad e&longs;&longs;a diffinitione; & pa­<lb/>rimente ancora quello che è tra una parte & <lb/>l'altra. Dica&longs;i l'i&longs;te&longs;&longs;o de gli altri metodi, & <lb/>accioche fuggiamo la implicatione (per dir <pb pagenum="17"/>co&longs;i) trattar emo in que&longs;to luogo talmente de <lb/>gli ordini, che non occorrera po&longs;cia trattar­<lb/>ne nel di&longs;cor&longs;o de i metodi, ma &longs;olo le con&longs;i­<lb/>deraremo in quanto che ne &longs;eruono à chiarire <lb/>le co&longs;e non cono ciute; come anche qui trattia <lb/>mo de gli ordini &longs;olamente in quanto che ordi <lb/>nano le co&longs;e: benche in&longs;ieme con lordine ap­<lb/>portano anche luce, che ne fa cono&longs;cere quel <lb/>lo che noi non cono&longs;ceuamo. Hor dunque l'or <lb/>dine e&longs;&longs;entiale, & uniuer&longs;ale è quello che alle <lb/>dottrine dà il nome: percioche ogni uolta che <lb/>la dottrina è ord nata per l ordine diffinitiuo, <lb/>da principio in&longs;ino al fine quella dottrina, ò <lb/>faculta che &longs;ia, &longs;i chiama dottrina diffinitiua, <lb/>perche quell'ordine è à quella facultà come <lb/>anima, ò luce; al che riguardando Horatio <lb/>nell'arte poetica di&longs;&longs;e, che la forma, & lucidi <lb/>&longs;critti eran l'ordine. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Le dottrine <lb/>adunque non prendono mai nome da gli ordi­<lb/>ni particolari, per la ragione, che hauete <lb/>gia detta, perche quello non dà uniuer&longs;almen <lb/>te la uita à tutta la facultà, ma &longs;olamente <lb/>à una parte particolare. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Tanto è, <lb/>ma torniamo al primo no&longs;tro propo&longs;ito. Que <lb/>sto ordine uniuer&longs;ale, & e&longs;&longs;entiale che haue­<lb/>mo detto dare il nome alla dottrina & che è <lb/>i&longs;trumento della co&longs;a, che è ordinata, & e&longs;­<lb/>&longs;entialmente di&longs;po&longs;ta, e&longs;&longs;o non ha nome, che <pb pagenum="18"/>in propria forma giunga all'orecchia de gli <lb/>huomini, ma &longs;olo il &longs;uo ualore, & uirtù &longs;ua <lb/>s'intende &longs;otto que&longs;te tre uoci piu particolari, <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg21"></arrow.to.target><lb/>oue &longs;e ne stà coperto, come &longs;otto diffinitione, <lb/>compo&longs;itione, & re&longs;olutione, i quali tre ordi <lb/>ni &longs;ono di&longs;tinti l'uno dall'altro, perche in cia­<lb/>&longs;cuno di loro è un termine appartato, alquale <lb/>tutte le co&longs;e &longs;ono ordinate &longs;econdo la &longs;ua incli­<lb/>natione e&longs;&longs;entiale; nè &longs;ono di&longs;tinti que&longs;ti ordi <lb/>ni come uoleano alcuni, perche cia&longs;cuno dilo <lb/>ro &longs;i &longs;erue di differenti i&longs;trumenti, percbe &longs;ot <lb/>to un mede&longs;imo ordine &longs;i puo adoperare qua­<lb/>lunque &longs;orte di metodo ne &longs;ono di&longs;tinti perche <lb/>habbiano particolari &longs;uggetti, ò facultà, che <lb/>ne uogliam dire, percioche ogni &longs;orte di ma­<lb/>teria, ò &longs;uggetto può e&longs;&longs;ere trattato con qua­<lb/>le &longs;i uoglia ordine; &longs;i come ben diceua Gale­<lb/>no nell'arte parua, che la medicina può e&longs;&longs;er <lb/>trattata da principio fino al fine &longs;otto qualun­<lb/>que ordine ò re&longs;olutiuo, ò diffinitiuo, o com­<lb/>po&longs;itiuo che &longs;ia. Ne in uno ordine come nel <lb/>re&longs;olutiuo ogni parte &longs;i ri&longs;olue, ma &longs;i diffini­<lb/>&longs;ce, uien dimo&longs;trata, & diui&longs;a, & in con­<lb/>clu&longs;ione per tutto l'ordine &longs;i &longs;erue dell'i&longs;tru­<lb/>mento metodico. Ma bene è nece&longs;&longs;ario che <lb/>trattando le parti, &longs;ieno &longs;empre antepo&longs;te quel <lb/>le che &longs;ono piu uicine al fine, dal quale inco­<lb/>mincia la ri&longs;olutione, di maniera che ogni <pb pagenum="19"/>parte &longs;ia ordinata al fine, come inumeri alla <lb/>unità, & &longs;i come alla unità &longs;egue il numero <lb/>denario, & non il ternario, ò altri, co&longs;i an <lb/>co al fine è nece&longs;&longs;ario che &longs;egua la cau&longs;a im­<lb/>mediata, & poile altre ancora &longs;ucceßiuamen <lb/>tc; & que&longs;ta regola non &longs;eruirà &longs;olo alla ri­<lb/>&longs;olutione, ma à tutti gli ordini ancora. <lb/>M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Diceua Galeno nel luogo che uoi ha­<lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg22"></arrow.to.target><lb/>uete citato, che tutte le dottrine ordinate &longs;o­<lb/>no tre, cioè ri&longs;olutiua, compo&longs;itiua, & diffi­<lb/>nitiua, qua&longs;i che egli chiama&longs;&longs;e la ri&longs;olutione, <lb/>diffinitione, & compo&longs;itione dottrine, & non <lb/>ordini. C<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Benche appaia &longs;uperficial­<lb/>mente che egli le chiami dottrine non uol&longs;e pe <lb/>rò intendere che la ri&longs;olutione, compo&longs;itione, <lb/>& diffinitione fo&longs;&longs;ero dottrine: & accioche <lb/>noi n'intendiamo in que&longs;ta co&longs;a, la quale da <lb/>diuer&longs;i &longs;crittori diuer&longs;amente è stata inte&longs;a, <lb/>prima è nece&longs;&longs;ario mo&longs;trarmi in che modo la <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg23"></arrow.to.target><lb/>dottrina non è ordine, & come anco la diffi­<lb/>nitione, ri&longs;olutione, & compo&longs;itione &longs;ono or­<lb/>dini, & non dottrine. Prima &longs;e noi uoglia­<lb/>mo stare nell'etimologia de' uocaboli, noi ue­<lb/>deremo che altra co&longs;a &longs;ignifica dottrina, & <lb/>altra co&longs;a &longs;ignificà ordine. La dottrina &longs;igni <lb/>fica la co&longs;a in&longs;egnata, in quanto che è in&longs;egna <lb/>ta, & l'ordine &longs;ignifica non la co&longs;a di che egli <lb/>è ordine, ma &longs;olo quella anneßione (per dir <pb pagenum="20"/>co&longs;i) che naturalmente tiene una co&longs;a con l'al <lb/>tra congiunta. Oltra di que&longs;to non dice egli <lb/>che la dottrina è ordinata? &longs;e è ordinata adun <lb/>que non è ordine, altrimenti &longs;eguirebbe che <lb/>&longs;i come &longs;i ritrouano dottrine &longs;enza ordine, che <lb/>&longs;i ritroua&longs;&longs;e ancora ordine &longs;enza dottrina, il <lb/>che non è punto ragioneuole à credere, che <lb/>amendue &longs;ieno una i&longs;te&longs;&longs;a co&longs;a, & &longs;i ritroui­<lb/>no l'uno &longs;eparato dall altro. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Anzi <lb/>&longs;e uorremo pre&longs;tar fede a' buoni autori, dire­<lb/>mo che &longs;ono differenti, come hauete detto, <lb/>perche altra co&longs;a hanno eßi uoluto intendere <lb/>per ordine, altra per dottrina. Galeno in <lb/>molti luoghi ha e&longs;pre&longs;&longs;amente detto che la me <lb/>dicina è dottrina che puo e&longs;&longs;ere ordinata hora <lb/>dall'ordine diffinitiuo, hora dal ri&longs;olutiuo, ho <lb/>ra dal diffinitiuo. Dopò que&longs;to &longs;eguirebbe an <lb/>che un'altro inconueniente, cioè che coloro <lb/>che hanno detto che le dottrine &longs;ono ordinate <lb/>&longs;otto diuer&longs;o ordine, & &longs;i attaccano all'ordi­<lb/>ne come fa la uite al palo, haue&longs;&longs;ero mal det­<lb/>to; perche ueruna co&longs;a può appoggiar&longs;i à &longs;e <lb/>ste&longs;&longs;a. Però è co&longs;a chiarißima che la dottri­<lb/>na non è ordine, ma che la diffinitione, com­<lb/>po&longs;itione, & ri&longs;olutione &longs;ieno ordini, & non <lb/>dottrine, appre&longs;&longs;o di me per l'autorità de'mol <lb/>ti è in qualche dubitatione, & maßime per <lb/>quello che riferi&longs;ce Galeno nell'arte parua, che <pb pagenum="21"/>le dottrine ordinate &longs;ono tre. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Se uoi <lb/>mi a&longs;coltarete, ui &longs;i leuarà ogni &longs;orte di dubi­<lb/>tatione. Percioche &longs;e noi uogliamo con&longs;ide­<lb/>rare la ri&longs;olutione, compo&longs;itione, & diffini­<lb/>tione, in quanto che &longs;ono in&longs;egnate, &longs;enza <lb/>dubbio &longs;aremo con coloro, che dicono que&longs;ti <lb/>e&longs;&longs;ere dottrine, ma &longs;e anche le uogliamo pren <lb/>dere in &longs;e ste&longs;&longs;e, & in quanto che &longs;ono i&longs;tru­<lb/>menti, liquali &longs;eruono per ordinare le co&longs;e, <lb/>di che debbono e&longs;&longs;ere chiamati ordini, dico <lb/>che &longs;ono ordini, nè Galeno, ne Ari&longs;totile, <lb/>&longs;e torna&longs;&longs;ero uiui. contradirebbono mai à que <lb/>&longs;ta uerità. Nè ui debbe fare punto difficultà <lb/>l'autorità di e&longs;&longs;o Galeno, ancor che egli dica <lb/>in piu luoghi che tre &longs;ono le dottrine, che <lb/>all'ordine &longs;i acco&longs;tano; perche non uuol dirc <lb/>per que&longs;to che la diffinitione con l'altre due <lb/>&longs;ieno dottrine, ma u&longs;a que&longs;to modo di dire, <lb/>affine di dimo&longs;trare che le dottrine pigliano il <lb/>nome dall'ordine uniuer&longs;ale, come gia haue­<lb/>mo detto, & che da quello &longs;i nominano come <lb/>il compo&longs;ito dalla forma, & non dalla mate­<lb/>ria: & però ritrouate &longs;pe&longs;&longs;o che gli autori <lb/>chiamano dottrina ri&longs;olutiua quella che con <lb/>tale ordine è incaminata, & co&longs;i diffinitiua, <lb/>& compo&longs;itiua; & percio quando dice il &longs;u­<lb/>detto Galeno che tre &longs;ono le dottrine, deue&longs;i <lb/>intendere che tre &longs;ono gli ordini, quali ordi- <pb pagenum="22"/>nano, & danno il nome alle dottrine; & que <lb/>sto &longs;ia quanto &longs;i a&longs;petta alla &longs;olutione della uo <lb/>stra que&longs;tione promo&longs;&longs;a. Hora ueniamo à ue <lb/>dere in che modo dalla diffinitione dell'ordine <lb/>&longs;i cauino le differenze che co&longs;titui&longs;cono le tre <lb/>&longs;petie, & &longs;e piu di tre, ouero meno po&longs;&longs;ono <lb/>e&longs;&longs;ere. Le differenze della diffinitione dell'or­<lb/>dine erano delle co&longs;e in che cade primo, & ul <lb/>timo e&longs;&longs;entialmente ecco che nella di&longs;po&longs;itione <lb/>delle co&longs;e stà la diuer&longs;ità dell'ordine. Quan­<lb/>te adunque &longs;aranno le inclinationi, ouero di­<lb/>&longs;po&longs;itioni delle co&longs;e, tante &longs;aranno le &longs;pecie de <lb/>gl'ordini, parlando però dell inclination'e&longs;&longs;entia <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg24"></arrow.to.target><lb/>li. Le habitudini delle co&longs;e &longs;ono tre, ouero chan <lb/>no inclination'al fine, ouero al principio, ouero <lb/>al mezo, onde quando le co&longs;e &longs;ono ordinate al <lb/>principio, diciamo noi e&longs;&longs;ere ordinate &longs;econdo <lb/>l'ordine compo&longs;itiuo; quando anco &longs;ono ordi­<lb/>nate al fine, diciamo noi e&longs;&longs;ere ordinate di or­<lb/>dine ri&longs;olutiuo; &longs;e mede&longs;imamente &longs;ono indi­<lb/>rizzate al mezo, diciamo ri&longs;ultarne l'ordine <lb/>diffinitiuo. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Ho bene inte&longs;o come ra­<lb/>gioneuolmente hauete determinato in&longs;ieme con <lb/>tutti i buoni autori e&longs;&longs;erui tre &longs;pecie di ordini, <lb/>ne piu, ne meno; nondimeno per occa&longs;ione di <lb/>maggiore chiarezza uorrei &longs;apere à che fine <lb/>habbia Galeno in&longs;ieme con gli altri ottimi &longs;crit <lb/>tori inue&longs;tigato tre &longs;pecie di ordini, potendo&longs;i <pb pagenum="23"/>egli &longs;eruire di un &longs;olo, in ogni &longs;ua occorrenza; <lb/>perche pare à me, che quando &longs;i può fare una <lb/>co&longs;a co'l mezo d'un &longs;olo, non &longs;i debba cercare <lb/>di farla co'l mezzo di piu; & di que&longs;to me­<lb/>de&longs;imo parere, furono anche coloro, liquali <lb/>inue&longs;tigarono li &longs;udetti tre ordini: però, di&longs;&longs;e <lb/>Ari&longs;totele, indarno &longs;i fa per piu mezi quello <lb/>che &longs;i può fare con pochi. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Tutto quel <lb/>lo che uoi detto hauete in&longs;ino hora ui &longs;i conce­<lb/>de, ma bi&longs;ogna prouare che ba&longs;ti un'ordine ad <lb/>ordinare ogni &longs;orte di facultà. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Que <lb/>sto &longs;arà facile da prouare; imperoche &longs;e noi <lb/>con&longs;ideriamo bene, uederemo che ogni &longs;orte <lb/>di facultà hà il &longs;uo fine, & le cau&longs;e immedia <lb/>te, proßime, meno proßime, remote & piu <lb/>remote, & finalmente remotißime da e&longs;&longs;o fi­<lb/>ne, & però può e&longs;&longs;ere ordinata con l'ordine <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg25"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ri&longs;olutiuo, ilquale incomincia dal fine ri&longs;ol­<lb/>uendo&longs;i nelle cau&longs;e piu uicine, & quelle in al <lb/>tre, à talche finalmente ri&longs;oluendo diuiene a <lb/>i piu &longs;emplici principij che &longs;ieno in quella co­<lb/>tale facultà. Oltra la ragione, ui e anco l'au <lb/>torità di Galeno nell'arte parua, il quale affer <lb/>mando che ni&longs;&longs;uno auanti à lui mai ha ordina <lb/>ta la medicina &longs;otto quell'ordine, che incomin <lb/>cia dalla cognitione del fine, &longs;oggiugne, dalla <lb/>quale ogni arte può e&longs;&longs;ere ordinata ragione­<lb/>uolmente, uolendo inferire che tutte le co&longs;e <pb pagenum="24"/>che hanno inclinatione à e&longs;&longs;ere ordinate, &longs;econ <lb/>do qualunque proce&longs;&longs;o di ordine, habbiano <lb/>principio della &longs;ua co&longs;titutione dalla cognitio­<lb/>ne del fine ilche &longs;i può anche dimo&longs;trare con <lb/>que&longs;ta uiua ragione, perche ogni &longs;orte di teo­<lb/>rcma, che uien fatto, & ogni &longs;orte di princi <lb/>pio che &longs;i ritruoua in una facultà, tutto &longs;i fa <lb/>per con&longs;eguire il fine, ecco adunque che è il <lb/>fine cagione, che ogni &longs;orte di arti ò &longs;cienze <lb/>&longs;ia ritrouata, & ordinatamente di&longs;po&longs;ta per <lb/>l'ordine ri&longs;olutiuo, ilquale &longs;erue ad e&longs;&longs;o fine <lb/>ri&longs;oluendolo in tutti quei mezi che fanno à <lb/>produrre e&longs;&longs;o fine; & però per que&longs;te ragio­<lb/>ni, & autorità &longs;egue che lordine diffinitiuo, <lb/>& compo&longs;itiuo &longs;ieno &longs;uperflui, e&longs;&longs;endo che <lb/>tutte le &longs;orti di &longs;cienze, ò arti po&longs;&longs;ono e&longs;&longs;ere <lb/>ordinate dal ri&longs;olutiuo. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> A que&longs;to mo <lb/>do uoi uorre&longs;te, & che Galeno combatte&longs;&longs;e <lb/>contra &longs;e i&longs;te&longs;&longs;o, & io contra di uoi, ma &longs;pe­<lb/>ro che e&longs;&longs;o Galeno non piglierà punto l'armi <lb/>contra di &longs;e ste&longs;&longs;o, ma in ogni modo &longs;arà con <lb/>corde, & che uoi anco &longs;arete contento che di <lb/>que&longs;ta pugna io ne riporti la uittoria. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/><lb/>V'ingannate T<emph type="roman"/>OMI.<emph.end type="roman"/> mio amoreuole, che io <lb/>habbia dubitato per prouocarui al duello, per <lb/>che altro non cerco che ri&longs;olutione da uoi, di <lb/>quello, che mi fa dubitare. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Co&longs;i <lb/>fanno i buoni guerrieri, poi che hanno tirato <pb pagenum="25"/>due colpi al &longs;uo auer&longs;ario, fingono di hauere <lb/>pace con e&longs;&longs;o. Hor ba&longs;ta per non uenire ad <lb/>altra conte&longs;a, dico che Galeno non di&longs;&longs;e che <lb/>tutte le faculta &longs;ieno ordinate dalla ri&longs;olutio­<lb/>ne, ma &longs;i bene che &longs;ono ordinate per con&longs;egui <lb/>re il &longs;uo fine. Voglia mò che &longs;ieno incamina <lb/>te per l ordine compo&longs;itiuo, ouero per il diffi­<lb/>nitiuo, ò ri&longs;olutiuo che &longs;ia, & à que&longs;to &longs;en­<lb/>&longs;o e&longs;&longs;endo interpretate le parole di Galeno non <lb/>repugnano da quello, che egli ha detto in al­<lb/>tri luoghi, cioè che tre &longs;ieno gli ordini, con <lb/>liquali &longs;i di&longs;pongano e&longs;&longs;e arti, ò &longs;cienze, per <lb/>ottenere il fine loro; & per tanto Galeno non <lb/>&longs;i contradice in modo alcuno, come anco non <lb/>ne contradiremo noi, &longs;e prima mi &longs;arò ri&longs;en­<lb/>tito de i uo&longs;tri primi due colpi. Voglio adun <lb/>que contentarmi di concederui che ogni arte&longs;i <lb/>ce adoperi l ordine ri&longs;olutiuo à ritrouare la <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg26"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;ua arte, & con tutto que&longs;to non uoglio che <lb/>facciate que&longs;ta conclu&longs;ione, che cioè gli altri <lb/>due ordini &longs;ieno &longs;uperflui, perche quantun­<lb/>que la ri&longs;olutione fo&longs;&longs;e atta à ritrouare ogni <lb/>facultà, & ordinarla in&longs;ieme, non auuiene <lb/>però per que&longs;to che anche gli altri due ordini <lb/>non &longs;ieno utili, & per tanto non indarno. <lb/>Perche non &longs;i potrà gia con la ri&longs;olutione trat <lb/>tare co&longs;i amplamente, & chiaramente le co&longs;e <lb/>naturali, come &longs;i farà co'l compo&longs;itiuo, e&longs;&longs;en- <pb pagenum="26"/>do che la natura le ha prodotte con &longs;i fatto <lb/>ordine; di che auuedendo&longs;i Ari&longs;totele, non <lb/>uol&longs;e &longs;otto altro ordine ordinarle, che &longs;otto il <lb/>compo&longs;itiuo, come colui che cono&longs;ceua che <lb/>non poteuano riu&longs;cire meglio &longs;otto altro or­<lb/>dine, che quello della natura. Non ui ne­<lb/>garò gia che non face&longs;&longs;e prima una ri&longs;olutio­<lb/>ne delle co&longs;e naturali in &longs;e ste&longs;&longs;o, innanzi che <lb/>incomincia&longs;&longs;e à incaminarle per l'ordine com­<lb/>po&longs;itiuo, anzi dirouui di piu, che io non i&longs;ti­<lb/>mo artefice alcuno di alcun ualore, che prima <lb/>in lui non fa la ri&longs;olutione dell'arte, di che <lb/>egli uoglia trattare prima che &longs;i di&longs;ponga à <lb/>&longs;criuerla, ò in altro modo dimo&longs;trarla. <lb/>Parimente ui dirò della diffinitione, che ella <lb/>ha in &longs;e una gratia &longs;peciale, per laquale <lb/>utile, & qua&longs;i nece&longs;&longs;aria, percioche non<gap/><lb/>ueruno delli &longs;udetti tre ordini, che tanto all<gap/><lb/>memoria porti utile, perche può contener<gap/><lb/>piu &longs;uccintamente le co&longs;e, che ordina d'ogn <lb/>altro ordine. et però portando cia&longs;cuno uti­<lb/>le, & commodo immen&longs;o, conchiudere deb <lb/>biamo che &longs;ieno non meno utili che nece&longs;&longs;arij <lb/>& per tal cau&longs;a nondiremo piu che &longs;ieno &longs;u <lb/>perflui, altrimenti &longs;eguirebbe che l'utile, & <lb/>il &longs;uperfluo &longs;i comporta&longs;&longs;ero in&longs;ieme. Altï<gap/><lb/>dopò que&longs;to ui po&longs;&longs;o addurre, cioè non am­<lb/>mettendoui che ogni facultà po&longs;&longs;a e&longs;&longs;ere ritro <lb/>uata dall'ordine ri&longs;olutiuo; percioche la ri- <pb pagenum="27"/>&longs;olutione è attione dell'intelletto, & le arti &longs;i <lb/>acqui&longs;tano sì con la ragione, come anche con <lb/>la i&longs;perienza; & non &longs;olo io dico que&longs;to, ma <lb/>tutti gli autori, che intorno à ciò parlano, & <lb/>maßime Galeno, ilquale diceua che le arti &longs;i <lb/>fanno (per dir co&longs;i) per additamenti; & in <lb/>molti luoghi à que&longs;to propo&longs;ito dice, che la me <lb/>dicina arte fattiua ha due gambe, delle qua­<lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg27"></arrow.to.target><lb/>li l'una è la ragione, & l'altra l'i&longs;perienza; <lb/>& che &longs;e una di que&longs;te manca&longs;&longs;e, ella andareb <lb/>be zoppa. eccoui dunque che non &longs;olo con&longs;i­<lb/>derando la ri&longs;olutione, in quanto ordine, <lb/>cioè in quanto che di&longs;pone le co&longs;e, fa che gli <lb/>altri due ordini &longs;ieno &longs;uperflui; ma con&longs;ide­<lb/>randolo anco come metodo, non ha ella tanta <lb/>forza, che po&longs;&longs;a &longs;atisfare in chiarire le co&longs;e <lb/>incognite. <emph type="roman"/>MOR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Que&longs;to che uoi hauete <lb/>detto hora ha talmente chiarito il mio intel­<lb/>letto che intorno à cio non ueggia luogo da du <lb/>bitare piu altramente, & que&longs;to è quello che <lb/>de&longs;iderauo, & non di combattere come dice­<lb/>uate uoi. Intenderei di nuouo uolentieri <lb/>&longs;e tutti tre que&longs;ti ordini che hauete detto e&longs;&longs;e­<lb/>re non &longs;olo utili, ma nece&longs;&longs;arij, portano pari <lb/>utilità all'huomo, ò nò: dico all'huomo, per­<lb/>che mi aueggio che il compo&longs;itiuo &longs;upera gli <lb/>altri in &longs;eruire alla natura. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> per dir <lb/>ui il uero ho dubitato gia un gran pezzo che <pb pagenum="28"/>non ueni&longs;ti à farmi que&longs;ta richie&longs;ta, perche <lb/>&longs;empre fui &longs;opra di cio dubbio&longs;o; tuttauia da <lb/>che me ne hauete ricercato, non po&longs;&longs;o negar­<lb/>ui che io non ui dica almeno quello che io &longs;en­<lb/>to, &longs;e ben poi re&longs;tarete irre&longs;oluto non ui hau­<lb/>rete à dolere di me. Però preporrouui que&longs;ta <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg28"></arrow.to.target><lb/>conclu&longs;ione, la quale mi sforzarò di proua­<lb/>re, cioè che l'ordine ri&longs;olutiuo è in ogni mo­<lb/>do piu utile de gli altri, perche &longs;e bene uo­<lb/>gliamo con&longs;iderare, oltra che a&longs;&longs;ai &longs;uccinta­<lb/>mente è atto à ordinare le co&longs;e, mo&longs;tra anco <lb/>in&longs;ieme la nece&longs;<gap/>ità della dependenza che ha <lb/>il fine dalle cau&longs;e mediate, & quelle da al­<lb/>tre, & co&longs;i in&longs;ino alle ultime, che depende­<lb/>re non po&longs;&longs;ono non hauendo &longs;opra di &longs;e depen­<lb/>denza alcuna, & que&longs;to non fanno gli altri <lb/>ordini. Oltra di cio ha anco il ri&longs;olutiuo que <lb/>sto priuilegio di piu de gli altri, che e&longs;&longs;o non <lb/>&longs;uppone gli altri, ma gli altri bene pre&longs;up­<lb/>pongono e&longs;&longs;o; perche, &longs;i come gia detto hab­<lb/>biamo, non è artefice alcuno, ne filo&longs;ofo, che <lb/>nella mente &longs;ua non adoperi la ri&longs;olutione pri <lb/>ma che uenga a di&longs;porre l'altre, ò per la me­<lb/>de&longs;ima ri&longs;olutione, ouero per gli altri ordini. <lb/>ecco dunque che &longs;empre in ogni &longs;orte di facul <lb/>tà &longs;i &longs;uppone e&longs;&longs;a ri&longs;olutione, prima che &longs;ia <lb/>incaminata ò per l'ordine compo&longs;itiuo, ò diffi­<lb/>nitiuo. <emph type="roman"/>MOR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Que&longs;to mi parrebbe a&longs;&longs;ai <pb pagenum="29"/>ragioneuole &longs;e la i&longs;perienza non fo&longs;&longs;e in con­<lb/>trario; perche la ri&longs;olutione che uolete uoi <lb/>che Ari&longs;totele habbia fatta nella mente &longs;ua <lb/>delle co&longs;e naturali, auanti che egli le habbia <lb/>incaminate per lordine ri&longs;olutiuo, è forza <lb/>che e&longs;&longs;o pre&longs;upponga la compo&longs;itione fatta dal <lb/>la natura, perche l'artefice (come pure dice <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg29"></arrow.to.target><lb/>il mede&longs;imo Ari&longs;totile) deue &longs;empre hauere <lb/>l'occhio ad<gap/>mitare e&longs;&longs;a natura, tal che non <lb/>&longs;olo la compo&longs;itione pre&longs;upporrà la ri&longs;olutio­<lb/>ne, ma ella &longs;ara pre&longs;uppo&longs;ta dalla ri&longs;olutio­<lb/>ne, che è contra quello che uoi hauete detto; <lb/>& &longs;e non uoletè <gap/>on&longs;entire à que&longs;to, è ne­<lb/>ce&longs;&longs;ario almeno, che mi conced ate, che non <lb/>ogni compo&longs;itione pre&longs;uppone la ri&longs;olutione. <lb/>T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Anzi ui uoglio concedere, che la ri­<lb/>&longs;olutione fatta da Ari&longs;totele pre&longs;upponga la <lb/>compo&longs;itione fatta dalla natura; ne per que­<lb/>sto credo di contradirmi, perche non &longs;egue <lb/>che la ri&longs;olutione non &longs;ia la prima operatione <lb/>dell'intelletto in Ari&longs;totele, & che lei non <lb/>&longs;ia pre&longs;uppo&longs;ta dalla compo&longs;itione fatta dal <lb/>mede&longs;imo Ari&longs;totele, & che e&longs;&longs;a parimente <lb/>pre&longs;upponga altre, perche altra co&longs;a è, Mo­<lb/>rello mio, con&longs;iderare gli ordini arti&longs;icio&longs;a­<lb/>mente, & altra co&longs;a con&longs;iderargli natural­<lb/>mente; & non bi&longs;ogna pa&longs;&longs;are da un genere <lb/>à un'altro chi non uuole implicare contradit- <pb pagenum="30"/>tion. Però dico che con&longs;iderando gli ordini <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg30"></arrow.to.target><lb/>in un genere &longs;olo, ò artificiale, ò naturale <lb/>che ei &longs;ia, &longs;empre la ri&longs;olutione è prima de <lb/>gli altri ordini, &longs;aluo che &longs;e non &longs;i ammet­<lb/>te&longs;&longs;e la natura e&longs;&longs;ere una cagione che per &longs;e <lb/>opera&longs;&longs;e, &longs;enza che fo&longs;&longs;e gouernata da cagio­<lb/>ne intellettuale: perche in que&longs;to ca&longs;o haue­<lb/>rei qualche dubitatione. Benche &longs;i potrebbe <lb/>anco dire, che quantunque la natura ope­<lb/>ra&longs;&longs;e da &longs;e ste&longs;&longs;a, ella ancora propone&longs;&longs;e la ri <lb/>&longs;olutione alla compo&longs;itione, in un certo modo <lb/>però, perche ella opera parimente neceßita­<lb/>ta dal fine, & percio pare che in un certo <lb/>modo prima ri&longs;olua, & poi componga. <lb/>Concludiamo adunque che &longs;empre e&longs;&longs;endo gli <lb/>ordini con&longs;iderati in un genere &longs;olo, la ri&longs;olu <lb/>tione è prepo&longs;ta à gli altri ordini, ma ella mai <lb/>pre&longs;uppone gli altri. Oltra di que&longs;to, accio <lb/>uoi meglio ueggiate, che la ri&longs;olutione porta <lb/>piu utile delle altre, il &longs;uo proce&longs;&longs;o è molto <lb/>piu perfetto, perche ne dà &longs;empre la cau&longs;a <lb/>immediata dell'effetto; & quanto &longs;ia apprez­<lb/>zato que&longs;to da Ari&longs;totele, uoi lo &longs;apete. On­<lb/>de per que&longs;te ragioni gia dette, tengo di ha­<lb/>uere prouato a&longs;&longs;ai la conclu&longs;ione di gia propo <lb/>stami da prouare, cioè la ri&longs;olutione &longs;ia piu <lb/>utile, & nece&longs;&longs;aria delle altre. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/><lb/>Credo che &longs;ia co&longs;i, come hauete detto uoi, <pb pagenum="31"/>tuttauia mi occorre ancora non sò che di dub­<lb/>bio intorno alla dignità de gli ordini. Mi pare <lb/>da una banda che quell'ordine che è piu utile <lb/>&longs;ia anco piu degno, & però la ri&longs;olutione e&longs;&longs;en <lb/>do piu utile dell'altre, &longs;ia ancora piu nobile, & <lb/>degna:tuttauia da l'altra banda mi &longs;i fa incon <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg31"></arrow.to.target><lb/>tro l'autorità d' Ari&longs;totele, che dice che quella <lb/>co&longs;a laquale è &longs;ubordinata à un'altra, è molto <lb/>meno degna di quella, à che è &longs;ubordinata, &longs;i <lb/>come uerbi gratia nelle arti mecanice, l'arte <lb/>del fare i freni per e&longs;&longs;ere &longs;ubordinata, & &longs;up­<lb/>po&longs;ta all'arte caualcatoria è riputata meno <lb/>degna, & la caualcatoria per e&longs;&longs;ere &longs;ottopo­<lb/>sta all'arte militare, è anche e&longs;&longs;a di que&longs;t altra <lb/>meno degna. Co&longs;i mede&longs;imamente l'arte del­<lb/>lo &longs;peciale, per e&longs;&longs;ere &longs;ottopo&longs;ta all'arte medi­<lb/>cinale, di che ne &longs;iate uoi ottimo artefice, non <lb/>direte uoi che &longs;ia meno degna, et che però l'offi <lb/>tio dello &longs;petiale &longs;ia men'honorato di quello che <lb/>fate uoi? &longs;enza dubbio non lo negarete, & per <lb/>cio non negarete anco ch'e&longs;&longs;endo la ri&longs;olutione <lb/>&longs;ottopo&longs;t'alla compo&longs;itione non &longs;ia meno degna. <lb/>T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Se ui concede&longs;&longs;e bene anche la ri&longs;olutione <lb/>fo&longs;&longs;e &longs;ottopo&longs;ta alla compo&longs;itione, non &longs;eguireb <lb/>be poi anco quello che uoi dite. Horsù pro­<lb/>uate di gratia che ella &longs;ia &longs;ottopo&longs;ta alla com <lb/>po&longs;itione. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Lo prouo, gia l'hauete <lb/>detto uoi, & però è uero. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Come, <pb pagenum="32"/>che l'ho detto io. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Non hauete det­<lb/>to che la compo&longs;itione &longs;uppone la ri&longs;olutione? <lb/>T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Sì che l'ho detto, ma che ne &longs;egue <lb/>per que&longs;to? M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Ne &longs;egue che la ri&longs;olu­<lb/>tione gli &longs;ia come &longs;eruitrice, &longs;enza la cui &longs;er­<lb/>uitù ella non po&longs;&longs;a e&longs;&longs;ere, & però &longs;e lei &longs;er­<lb/>ue, &longs;enza dubbio e meno degna di quello à <lb/>chi &longs;erue. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Se uole&longs;&longs;e &longs;eguire in que­<lb/>sto propo&longs;ito, &longs;on certo che ui condurrei al­<lb/>l'impoßibile; ma perche mi aueggio che mi <lb/>mancherà tempo hoggi à i&longs;pedire la co&longs;a de <lb/>gli ordini, breuemente ui ri&longs;pondo, che ben <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg32"></arrow.to.target><lb/>che la compo&longs;itione &longs;upponga la ri&longs;olutione, <lb/>non &longs;egue però che e&longs;&longs;a &longs;ia &longs;ottopo&longs;ta ad e&longs;&longs;a <lb/>compo&longs;itione, & però non gli fa &longs;eruitù di <lb/>co&longs;a alcuna, che gli po&longs;&longs;a recare indignità al <lb/>cuna. Anzi perche apunto la compo&longs;itione, & <lb/>la diffinitione hanno di bi&longs;ogno della ri&longs;olutio­<lb/>ne, & ella non ha alcun bi&longs;ogno di loro, è <lb/>piu degna anco di e&longs;&longs;e, & è apunto la ri&longs;olu <lb/>tione come uno che po&longs;&longs;a fare fauore ad un'al <lb/>tro, dal quale e&longs;&longs;o non ne po&longs;&longs;a hauere, ne <lb/>a&longs;pettare ricompen&longs;o alcuno, &longs;e non e&longs;&longs;erne <lb/>honorato. Per tanto concludendo dico, che <lb/>prima è stato conueneuole che gli ordini &longs;ie­<lb/>no tre, perche tutti portano &longs;eco qualche uti <lb/>lità particolare, ma però chi piu, & chime <lb/>no; & tra tutti, il piu utile è il ri&longs;olutiuo, & <pb pagenum="33"/>percio, & per altre cagioni ancora di già <lb/>dette piu degno. Hor mò che hauemo ragio­<lb/>neuolmente determinato gli ordini e&longs;&longs;ere tre, <lb/>& non meno, &longs;arebbe anco co&longs;a conueneuole <lb/>di dimo&longs;trare che non po&longs;&longs;ono e&longs;&longs;ere piu, &longs;e <lb/>da quello che di &longs;opra hauemo detto non &longs;i <lb/>pote&longs;&longs;e facilmente determinare M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> È a&longs;&longs;ai <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg33"></arrow.to.target><lb/>manife&longs;to ueramente, ma accio non manchi <lb/>co&longs;a ueruna in que&longs;ta parte, dirò io che non <lb/>po&longs;&longs;ono e&longs;&longs;ere piu di tre, perche &longs;i come in tut <lb/>te le co&longs;e tre termini &longs;ono, principio, mezo <lb/>& fine, co&longs;i parimente debbono e&longs;&longs;ere tre in­<lb/>clinationi delle co&longs;e, auanti che &longs;ieno à tali ter <lb/>mini ordinate, & non più, al che &longs;egue che <lb/>parimente &longs;ieno tre oïdini; & non piu, che <lb/>ordinano, & di&longs;pongono e&longs;&longs;e co&longs;e &longs;econdo la <lb/>di&longs;po&longs;itione loro a detti termini; & quando <lb/>le co&longs;e &longs;i riferiranno al principio, & da quel <lb/>lo pareranno dependere, noi diremo e&longs;&longs;ere <lb/>ordinate &longs;econdo l'ordine compo&longs;itiuo, &longs;e anco <lb/>&longs;i ïiferiranno al fine, chiameremo quell'ordi­<lb/>ne ri&longs;olutiuo; & &longs;e ultimamente tutte le co&longs;e <lb/>&longs;aranno ordinate al mezo, diremo quello e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>re l'ordine dif&longs;initiuo. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Tanto è, uoi uc­<lb/>cellate benißimo, & quello che hora hauete <lb/>detto è d' Ari&longs;totele nella Metafi&longs;ica, & for&longs;e <lb/>non &longs;i potrebbe addurre piu &longs;alda, & chiara <lb/>ragione della diui&longs;ione dell'ordine: benche a <pb pagenum="34"/>fauore di que&longs;to &longs;i potrebbe anche dire miran <lb/>do le co&longs;e di che ordine è ordine, & i modi <lb/>della loro di&longs;po&longs;itione, che e&longs;&longs;e co&longs;e po&longs;&longs;ono <lb/>e&longs;&longs;ere trattate, ouero come na&longs;cono, & &longs;ono <lb/>prodotte, & que&longs;to &longs;arà l'ordine compo&longs;itiuo <lb/>&longs;eruato da Aïi&longs;totele nella filo&longs;ofia naturale; <lb/>ouero che &longs;i po&longs;&longs;ono anche a&longs;&longs;ettare & trat­<lb/>tare incominciando dalla co&longs;a gia po&longs;ta in e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>re, & di&longs;ponendo da una parte la materia, <lb/>& forma, & efficiente che pongono e&longs;&longs;a in <lb/>e&longs;&longs;ere; dall'altra parte di&longs;ponendo parimente <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg34"></arrow.to.target><lb/>il &longs;uo fine; come &longs;arebbe per e&longs;&longs;empio &longs;e io <lb/>uole&longs;&longs;e fabricare una ca&longs;a, prima direi che è <lb/>quadrata, & che ha tante stanze, & poi <lb/>anco che è fatta di pareti, di tetto, & che <lb/>que&longs;to è fatto di coppi, & traui, & le pa­<lb/>reti &longs;ono fatte di pietra, & calcina, & di <lb/>nuouo que&longs;te parti ri&longs;oluendo deuerrei a parti <lb/>che in altri non &longs;i po&longs;&longs;ono partire. Dipoi la­<lb/>&longs;ciata que&longs;ta parte me ne uerrei al fine di e&longs;&longs;a <lb/>co&longs;a, cioè a dichiarare come è stata fatta per <lb/>guardare l'huomo dalle piogge, da freddi, & <lb/>altre intemperie, da gli inimici che offende­<lb/>re lo potrebbono, & cotale ordine chiama­<lb/>remo diffinitiuo; ma &longs;e pigliaremo il fine di <lb/>e&longs;&longs;a ca&longs;a, & ri&longs;oluendolo a&longs;cenderemo in&longs;ino <lb/>da gli &longs;emplici principij, diremo che que&longs;to <lb/>proce&longs;&longs;o è dell'ordine ri&longs;olutiuo, come a dire <pb pagenum="35"/>io uoglio prouedere che non &longs;ia offe&longs;o da piog­<lb/>ge, & da ogni &longs;orte di mal'aere, &longs;imilmente <lb/>da nemici, & altri che offendere mi po&longs;&longs;ono, <lb/>al che fare mi fa bi&longs;ogno che mi cuopra, & <lb/>che d'intorno mi circonda da capo a piedi, di <lb/>co&longs;a che riparare mi po&longs;&longs;a dalle gia dette offe­<lb/>&longs;e. ecco il bi&longs;ogno di fare il tetto, & le mu­<lb/>ra, le cui co&longs;e non potrò fare &longs;e prima non <lb/>hauerò pietre, calcina, legni, & fatte le <lb/>fondamenta, & oltra di que&longs;to bi&longs;ognarà <lb/>anche hauere gli artefici, & il proto ò uo­<lb/>gliam dire l' Architettore di tale arte perito, <lb/>a tal che ri&longs;oluendo me ne &longs;arò uenuto alli <lb/>primi principij della ca&longs;a, & qui poi finirà <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg35"></arrow.to.target><lb/>l'ordine ri&longs;olutiuo. Il compo&longs;itiuo oltra di <lb/>que&longs;to, &longs;arà tutto oppo&longs;ito al ri&longs;olutiuo, co­<lb/>me &longs;arebbe &longs;e io uoglio fabricare la ca&longs;a, fa­<lb/>rò prima che &longs;ieno tagliate le legne da cuoce­<lb/>re la calcina, farò condurre le pietre, & il <lb/>legname, &longs;econdo che &longs;arà bi&longs;ogno; & dipoi <lb/>procurarò che &longs;ieno fatte le fondamenta, di­<lb/>rizzate le mura, fatti li &longs;olari, & coperto <lb/>il tetto, & qui finirà l'ordine compo&longs;itiuo; <lb/>& que&longs;to &longs;ia quanto a una certa cognitione <lb/>uniueï&longs;ale di que&longs;ti ordini, perche di qui a <lb/>poco di cia&longs;cuno particolarmente a pieno par­<lb/>laremo. Per tanto incominciando dal ri&longs;olu­<lb/>tiuo, come dal piu degno, & primo natural- <pb pagenum="36"/>mente, come di gia habbiamo d'mo&longs;trato, lo <lb/>diffiniremo; però dobbiamo &longs;apere, che la <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg36"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ri&longs;olutione in quanto al nome non uuol dire <lb/>altro che un di&longs;ligamento, ouero &longs;cioglimen­<lb/>to, d'uno che ha in &longs;e unite molte parti di­<lb/>uer&longs;e, come per e&longs;&longs;empio un corpo mi&longs;to con­<lb/>tiene in &longs;e tutti gli elementi uniti, & quan­<lb/>do &longs;i corrompe que&longs;to mi&longs;to, ò per dire me­<lb/>glio &longs;i &longs;ligano gli elementi, che in&longs;ieme uniti <lb/>faceuano un corpo &longs;olo, & cia&longs;cuno di eßi <lb/>elementi ritorna alla propria &longs;ua natura, <lb/>all’hora dicemo noi ri&longs;oluer&longs;i il corpo mi&longs;to ne <lb/>i &longs;uoi principij, che è a dire ne gli elementi; <lb/>& que&longs;ta &longs;olutione, ò partitione che ne uo­<lb/>gliam dire la chiamiamo ri&longs;olutione; & que­<lb/>&longs;to e&longs;&longs;empio è della ri&longs;olutione reale, quale <lb/>applicare &longs;i può anche alla ri&longs;olutione fatta <lb/>dall'intelletto. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Che dunque la ri&longs;olutio­<lb/>ne fatta dall'intelletto non è la mede&longs;ima con <lb/>la reale? Non dice Ari&longs;totele che i concetti <lb/>dell'animo rappre&longs;entano le co&longs;e che &longs;ono in <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg37"></arrow.to.target><lb/>effetto? T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> È uero quello che dice Ari&longs;to­<lb/>tele, & e uerißimo anche che in quanto che <lb/>la ri&longs;olutione arti&longs;iciale, che uoi fatta dall'in­<lb/>telletto chiamate, rappre&longs;enta la reale è qua <lb/>&longs;i la mede&longs;ima con quella; non dico la mede­<lb/>&longs;ima a&longs;&longs;olutamente, perche &longs;i come il &longs;egno <lb/>non è la co&longs;a di che è &longs;egno, lenche rappre- <pb pagenum="37"/>&longs;enti la co&longs;a i&longs;te&longs;&longs;a, co&longs;i anche la ri&longs;olutione <lb/>dell'intelletto, benche rappre&longs;enti la ri&longs;olutio­<lb/>ne reale, non è però lei la ri&longs;olutione reale, <lb/>altramente &longs;eguirebbe che colui che rappre­<lb/>&longs;enta fo&longs;&longs;e il rappre&longs;entato, & per il contra­<lb/>rio ancora ilche è a&longs;&longs;ordißimo. Oltra di que­<lb/>&longs;to &longs;ono anche di&longs;&longs;erenti in un certo modo, <lb/>perche la ri&longs;olutione fatta dall intelletto, per <lb/>lo piu incominciaua, ouero, &longs;e non comincia, <lb/>cono&longs;ce almeno il fine e&longs;trin&longs;eco, ma la reale <lb/>&longs;empre dall'intrin&longs;eco fine incomincia, & per <lb/>tanto &longs;ono amendue in un certo modo le i&longs;te&longs;&longs;e, <lb/>& in un altro alquanto differenti. però l'una <lb/>& l altra può e&longs;&longs;ere propriamente chiamata, <lb/>& anco impropriamente. La ri&longs;olutione pro <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg38"></arrow.to.target><lb/>pria co&longs;i in l'una, come nell'altra è quella che <lb/>ri&longs;olue il fine nelle parti, che concorrono alla <lb/>co&longs;titutione di e&longs;&longs;o fine; come a dire per e&longs;&longs;em <lb/>pio un corpo mi&longs;to &longs;i ri&longs;olue in quattro elemen <lb/>ti; & quelli in materia, & forma; ouero <lb/>anco &longs;e noi dicemmo l'animale ri&longs;oluer&longs;i in <lb/>anima, & corpo, parti co&longs;titutiue di e&longs;&longs;o <lb/>animale, & que&longs;to e&longs;&longs;empio è di Galeno nella <lb/>prima particola de gli aphorismi. Però con­<lb/>cludendo dico che la ri&longs;olutione propria, &longs;ia <lb/>mò reale, o artificiale, &longs;arà quella che ri&longs;ol­<lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg39"></arrow.to.target><lb/>uerà il fine nelle &longs;ue parti e&longs;&longs;entiali. La im­<lb/>propria &longs;arà per il contrario quella, laquale <pb pagenum="38"/>benche ri&longs;olua il fine, ò effetto, non lo ri&longs;ol­<lb/>uerà però in parti e&longs;&longs;entiali, & è come quan <lb/>do un corpo gra&longs;&longs;o &longs;i ri&longs;olue in magro per <lb/>qualche egritudine ouero altra cagione. et <lb/>que&longs;ta imperfetta ri&longs;olutione è quella che &longs;pe&longs;&longs;o <lb/>è chiamata di&longs;&longs;olutione, laquale però è una <lb/>co&longs;a mede&longs;ima con e&longs;&longs;a ri&longs;olutione imperfetta. <lb/>Ari&longs;totele nelle Meteore usò que&longs;ta ri&longs;olutio­<lb/>ne, quando di&longs;&longs;e che l'acqua &longs;i ri&longs;olue non in <lb/>materia, & forma, ma in uapori, di che &longs;i <lb/>generano poi le pioggie, le rugiade, le tem­<lb/>pe&longs;te, & neui. Galeno parimente nel libro <lb/>de i tumori fece la mede&longs;ima ri&longs;olutione, di­<lb/>cendo che le po&longs;teme &longs;i ri&longs;oluono ouero in&longs;en­<lb/>&longs;ibilmente, ouero per &longs;uppuratione, & à <lb/>que&longs;ta imperfetta ri&longs;olutione ci riduce la ra­<lb/>refattione, & altre &longs;imili operationi. Onde <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg40"></arrow.to.target><lb/>è manife&longs;to quanto &longs;ia differente la ri&longs;olutione <lb/>perfetta, & propria, dalla imperfetta, & <lb/>impropria: perche la imperfetta ri&longs;olue la <lb/>co&longs;a, che ri&longs;olue non nelle parti che la co&longs;ti­<lb/>tui&longs;cono, ma &longs;olo minui&longs;ce e&longs;&longs;e parti; ouero <lb/>le di&longs;trugge (come auuiene nelle po&longs;teme.) <lb/>Ma la ri&longs;olutione propria ri&longs;olue quello che <lb/>ri&longs;olue nelle parti &longs;ue con&longs;titutiue, quali ri­<lb/>mangono intiere, &longs;aluo che eßi ancora non <lb/>&longs;ieno ri&longs;olubili in altre parti, come auuiene <lb/>nella ri&longs;olutione dell'huomo, che &longs;i ri&longs;olue in <pb pagenum="39"/>anima, & corpo & il corpo in elementi; <lb/>perche pati&longs;ce tale ri&longs;olutione, ma l'anima <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg41"></arrow.to.target><lb/>che non pati&longs;ce altra ri&longs;olutione, rimane in­<lb/>tiera, & inuiolata. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> La ri&longs;olutione <lb/>logica chiamano adunque, &longs;e bene ho inte&longs;o, <lb/>quella che è fatta per l'intelletto, ilquale pro <lb/>po&longs;to&longs;i un fine a&longs;cende ri&longs;oluendo quello in&longs;ino <lb/>a gli ultimi principij da quali e&longs;&longs;o depende, <lb/>& que&longs;ta ha &longs;imilitudine grandißima con la <lb/>ri&longs;olutione reale perfetta, laquale Galeno <lb/>nella con&longs;titutione dell'arte ne in&longs;egnò, in&longs;e­<lb/>gnandone la medicina, & Ari&longs;totele nella <lb/>po&longs;teriora ri&longs;oluendo la demo&longs;tratione <gap/><lb/>T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> È anco quella di che noi parliamo, & <lb/>hauemo diffinita. Oltra di que&longs;to hauete da <lb/>&longs;apere che alcuni (parlando pure della ri&longs;o­<lb/>lutione fatta dall'intelletto) uolendo qua&longs;i in­<lb/>ferire che la ri&longs;olutione logica &longs;ia di due &longs;orti, <lb/>una che incomincia dal fine a tutta l'arte, & <lb/>l'altra da tutta l'arte a primi principij, han­<lb/>no detto, che Galeno nel libro della co&longs;titu­<lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg42"></arrow.to.target><lb/>tione dell'arte usò due &longs;pecie di ri&longs;olutioni, <lb/>una che &longs;i oppone alla compo&longs;itione & l'altra <lb/>nò. Nella prima ri&longs;olutione incomincia e&longs;&longs;o <lb/>Galeno dal fine, & de&longs;cende ri&longs;oluendo le <lb/>parti di e&longs;&longs;o fine, fin che diuiene alle ultime <lb/>parti di quello. Nell'altra incomincia da <lb/>tutta l'arte, & parimente ri&longs;olue e&longs;&longs;a ne i <pb pagenum="40"/>&longs;uoi principij. Onde è manife&longs;to che quiui ha <lb/>u&longs;ato due &longs;orti di ri&longs;olutioni, l'una dal fine <lb/>a tutta l'arte; l'altra da tutta l'arte a &longs;uoi <lb/>principij, prima proßimi, & poi remoti, & <lb/>remotißimi. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Fin qui a me pare che <lb/>que&longs;ti dottißimi moderni habbino ragione. <lb/>T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Hora a&longs;coltate con l'animo &longs;enza affet­<lb/>tione, &longs;e uolete cono&longs;cere la uerità. Altra <lb/>co&longs;a è Morello mio il cono&longs;cere il fine, & al­<lb/>tra co&longs;a è il ri&longs;oluerlo, onde quando a giudi­<lb/>tio loro ri&longs;olue il fine Galeno, non fa altro, <lb/>a mio giuditio (quale con ogni &longs;ommißione <lb/>però &longs;ottopongo a quello di chi &longs;a piu di me) <lb/>che di&longs;criuerlo, & dichiararlo; percioche &longs;e <lb/>egli &longs;olamente haue&longs;&longs;e detto che il fine del <lb/>medico è la &longs;anità, non hauereßimo inte&longs;o, <lb/>ne cono&longs;ciuto que&longs;to fine; per tanto è stato <lb/>nece&longs;&longs;ario che &longs;ia dichiarato, & &longs;e l'ha di­<lb/>chiarato co'l mezo del metodo ri&longs;olutiuo, non <lb/>hauemo per que&longs;to da dire che tratti del fine <lb/>con ordine ri&longs;olutiuo differente da quello con <lb/>che tratta il re&longs;to dell'arte: & &longs;e il fine fo&longs;&longs;e <lb/>&longs;eparato da e&longs;&longs;a arte, non accadrebbe che <lb/>Galeno in molti luoghi dice&longs;&longs;e, che la ri&longs;olu­<lb/>tione non incomincia dal fine, ma dalla co­<lb/>gnitione del fine. Si che potete uedere che <lb/>quella parte, che alcuni chiamano ri&longs;olutio­<lb/>ne del fine a tutta l'arte ueramente (quan- <pb pagenum="41"/>tunque for&longs;e con qualche loro ragione l'hab­<lb/>biano dimandata ri&longs;olutione) non e&longs;&longs;ere altro <lb/>che una de&longs;crittione del fine, fatta accioche co <lb/>no&longs;ciamo e&longs;&longs;o fine. Il medico che uuole me­<lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg43"></arrow.to.target><lb/>dicare deue &longs;apere l'arte, & anco il modo di <lb/>medicare: l'arte s'impara co'l mezo della ri­<lb/>&longs;olutione de i theoremi: il modo del medicare <lb/>parte s'impara co'l mezo di e&longs;&longs;a ri&longs;olutione, <lb/>& parte ancora co'l mezo della pratica. Et <lb/>però dicea che la medicina hauea due gambe <lb/>che la &longs;o&longs;teneuano, & quando l'una manca, <lb/>la medicina non può stare in piedi commoda­<lb/>mente. Per tanto è nece&longs;&longs;ario, che prima il <lb/>medico habbia co'l mezo della ri&longs;olutione, <lb/>l'arte, laquale &longs;ia poi confirmata anche dalla <lb/>pratica, & gli ba&longs;ta una &longs;ola ri&longs;olutione, <lb/>come ultimamente Galeno ne ha in&longs;egnato <lb/>nel libro della co&longs;titutione dell'arte, & quan <lb/>do uuole medicare &longs;econdo che ha ritrouato <lb/>per mezo della ri&longs;olutione, deue incomincia­<lb/>re da &longs;egni, che erano i principij della ri&longs;olu­<lb/>tione, liquali dimo&longs;trano co&longs;i la &longs;orte del ma <lb/>le, come anche la temperatura dell'ammala­<lb/>to; & da que&longs;ti uenir&longs;ene in&longs;ino all'ultimo. <lb/>Onde appare che non ui è piu d'una &longs;pecie di <lb/>ri&longs;olutione, laquale &longs;i oppone alla compo&longs;itio <lb/>ne; & anco dobbiamo auertire che Galeno <lb/>nel &longs;udetto luogo non in&longs;egna l'arte come <pb pagenum="42"/>uogliono alcuni, ma in&longs;egna bene il modo di <lb/>fare l'arte, & e&longs;&longs;ercitarla ancora. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Non <lb/>ho uoluto interrompere il uo&longs;tro parlare, ac­<lb/>cioche non interrompe&longs;&longs;e in&longs;ieme la mia intel <lb/>ligenza, ma hora che è benißimo informata <lb/>de&longs;idero di &longs;apere, perche hauete detto, & <lb/>come ueramente è, che la ri&longs;olutione inco­<lb/>mincia dalla cognitione del fine: &longs;e mai può <lb/>incominciare da altra parte che dall'ultimo <lb/>fine. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Qui bi&longs;ogna intendere, però di­<lb/>temi che co&longs;a uoi intendiate per altra parte <lb/>che ultimo fine? M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Voglio intendere co­<lb/>me &longs;arebbe per e&longs;&longs;empio, il Mu&longs;ieo ha per <lb/>fine l'operatione sì: ma ha anco un'altro fine <lb/>che è il dilettare; incominciarà egli dall'ope­<lb/>ratione, ouero dal dilettare nel fare la ri&longs;o­<lb/>lutione della &longs;ua arte? T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Accioche que&longs;ta <lb/>que&longs;tione non &longs;ia punto di&longs;taccata dall'ordin <lb/>no&longs;tro, uoglio che noi prima ueggiamo che <lb/>co&longs;a è fine, accioche per il mezo della diffini­<lb/>tione poßiamo uedere &longs;e le &longs;pecie di e&longs;&longs;o fine, <lb/>come anche &longs;e indifferentemente incomincia <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg44"></arrow.to.target><lb/>da qualunque &longs;pecie di fine, ouero nò. Si <lb/>&longs;uole adunque diffinire il fine in que&longs;ta manie <lb/>ra, che &longs;ia quello a che un'altro uiene ordina <lb/>to, ouero realmente ouero dall'intelletto &longs;olo <lb/>&longs;olamente & quel fine a che le co&longs;e realmen­<lb/>te &longs;ono ordinate è reale, & è quello da che <pb pagenum="43"/>incomincia la ri&longs;olutione detta reale, & ri­<lb/>&longs;olutione delle co&longs;e. Il fine a che &longs;ono poi le <lb/>co&longs;e ordinate dall'intelletto, è un fine artificia­<lb/>le, & da que&longs;to incomincia la ri&longs;olutione <lb/>chiamata da noi ri&longs;olutione dell'arte, & da <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg45"></arrow.to.target><lb/>altri ri&longs;olutione di teoremi. Cia&longs;cuno di que­<lb/>&longs;ti fini &longs;i può con&longs;iderare in piu modi, cioè <lb/>nelle co&longs;e naturali il fine &longs;arà opera, ò per <lb/>dir meglio, corpo naturale; nelle co&longs;e &longs;opra­<lb/>naturali il fine &longs;arà il mede&longs;imo con l'agente: <lb/>percioche lo &longs;peciale fine delle intelligenze è <lb/>la eternità loro, cioè che loro altro non fan­<lb/>no che perpetuar&longs;i; a talche il fine è in loro <lb/>i&longs;teßi. Se anco con&longs;ideriamo il fine artificia­<lb/>le, cioè il fine delle arti, fatte co'l mezo del <lb/>la con&longs;ultatione noi lo ritrouaremo, parte <lb/>opera, parte attione &longs;ola, & parte ancora <lb/>un'altra co&longs;a, che non &longs;ara ne attione, ne <lb/>opera. Si come, per e&longs;&longs;empio, il fine del­<lb/>l'arte dell'edificare è l'opera, che è l'edificio, <lb/>il fine dell'arte medicinale è la &longs;anità, laqua­<lb/>le non è attione, non è anche opera in un <lb/>certo modo dell'artefice: percioche egli a&longs;&longs;olu <lb/>tamente non è quello che faccia la &longs;anità, <lb/>come è il muratore edificator della ca&longs;a: il <lb/>fine del mu&longs;ico è il cantare, che è la opera­<lb/>tione di e&longs;&longs;o mu&longs;ico. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Di gratia ferma­<lb/>teui, que&longs;ti e&longs;&longs;empi mi confondono di sì fatta <pb pagenum="44"/>&longs;orte, che io non sò punto che co&longs;a mi debba <lb/>dire. Ari&longs;totele nel primo dell'ctica, oue <lb/>fa la di&longs;tintione del fine, pare à me che egli <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg46"></arrow.to.target><lb/>dica che ogni &longs;orte di arte habbia tre fini, <lb/>l'attione, l'opera che rie&longs;ce dall'attione, & <lb/>que&longs;ti due &longs;i contengono nell arte, & ultima­<lb/>tamente hanno lo &longs;copo, per ilquale fanno le <lb/>attioni, & l'opera in&longs;ieme, & que&longs;to è quel <lb/>lo che uorrei &longs;apere da uoi, cioè da quale <lb/>di que&longs;ti tre fini incomincia la ri&longs;olutione. <lb/>T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Il non &longs;apere ancora doue io mi uoglia <lb/>riu&longs;cire, ui fa importuno: a&longs;pettate un poco <lb/>ui prego, che uerro ado&longs;&longs;o a quello che ha­<lb/>uete detto uoi, & in&longs;ieme ui &longs;ueglierò il que <lb/>&longs;ito. Per tanto dico che &longs;ono tre &longs;orti di fine <lb/>nelle arti, &longs;i come hauete detto uoi, & che <lb/>il fine &longs;i diffini&longs;ce, come ho di gia detto, & <lb/>è diffinitione d' Ari&longs;totele nella metafi&longs;ica, & <lb/>anco nel luogo che hauete citato uoi. oue a&longs;&longs;o <lb/>lutamente parlando di e&longs;&longs;o fine dice, che il <lb/>fine è quella co&longs;a, che non è per altri, ma <lb/>altri per lei. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Se bene io mi raccordo, <lb/>Galeno nel libro, che egli chiama delle cau&longs;e <lb/>procatartice, diffini&longs;ce il fine con la i&longs;te&longs;&longs;a diffi­<lb/>nitione, cioè che &longs;ia una co&longs;a, allaquale ogni <lb/>altra co&longs;a che precede innanzi a lei, &longs;i gli ri­<lb/>feri&longs;ce. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Volete pure che anche Galeno <lb/>introuenga in que&longs;ta diffinitione. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Non <pb pagenum="45"/>&longs;e gli farebbe egli torto? hauendolo noi piglia <lb/>to per no&longs;tra guida in&longs;ieme con Ari&longs;totele? <lb/>T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Sta bene, & dapoi che non l'hauete <lb/>detto uoi, dico io che in quello i&longs;teßo luogo <lb/>egli dice che il fine &longs;i può chiamare intentione <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg47"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;uggetto, & utilità. ilche fa molto a propo­<lb/>&longs;ito per la diui&longs;ione de i fini, percioche per il <lb/>&longs;uggetto potemo intendere noi l'opera, per <lb/>l'intentione le operationi, & per l'utilità quel <lb/>lo che non è, ne il primo, ne il &longs;econdo, ma <lb/>un'altro fine. Hor accioche le gia tre diffe­<lb/>renze propo&longs;te da uoi, & confirmate da me, <lb/>paiono na&longs;cere dalla diffinitione, ueggiamo <lb/>come la diffinitione del fine conuenga alle ope <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg48"></arrow.to.target><lb/>rationi. Nella retorica il fine è la operatio­<lb/>ne, che è l'ottimamente orare; all'ottimo ora <lb/>re &longs;ono ordinate tutte le parti della oratione, <lb/>che è la bella inuentione, la bella di&longs;po&longs;itione, <lb/>con l'appropriata eloquenza, & altrc che <lb/>non occorre di raccontarle in que&longs;to luogo. <lb/>Ecco adunque che tutte que&longs;te co&longs;e &longs;ono ordi­<lb/>nate alla operatione, che è il bene orare, & <lb/>il bene orare non &longs;i riferi&longs;ce ad altri. Conuie <lb/>ne anco la diffinitione all'opera, come allo edi <lb/>ficio: perche tutte le co&longs;e, che &longs;ono procedute <lb/>auanti allo edificio, &longs;i riferi&longs;cono ad e&longs;&longs;o edi­<lb/>ficio, ne e&longs;&longs;o &longs;i riferi&longs;ce ad altri, con&longs;iderato <lb/>però come fine del muratore, non dico dell ar- <pb pagenum="46"/>tefice, perche per auentura lo riferi&longs;ce a un'al­<lb/>tro fine, &longs;i come gia dicemmo di &longs;opra. Con <lb/>uiene anco la diffinitione, & for&longs;e più compi <lb/>tamente che alli &longs;udetti a quel fine, che non è <lb/>ne attione, ne opera. La onde &longs;aranno tre <lb/>&longs;pecie di fine. Che mò ogni &longs;orte di arte, la­<lb/>&longs;ciate le &longs;cienze, po&longs;&longs;ano hauere que&longs;te tre <lb/>&longs;orti di fine, poi che lo dice Ari&longs;totele, gli <lb/>crederemo &longs;enza piu oltra cercare. Da qua­<lb/>le &longs;pecie incomincia la ri&longs;olutione, hora lo <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg49"></arrow.to.target><lb/>diremo, ma a maggiore, & piu ampla dot­<lb/>trina dico innanzi che uenga alla conclu&longs;ione, <lb/>che &longs;empre co&longs;i nelle co&longs;e naturali, come nelle <lb/>artificiali, & &longs;opranaturali, &longs;i deue con&longs;i­<lb/>derare qual &longs;orte de i gia detti fini è quello <lb/>che prima muoue all'attione, perche que&longs;to <lb/>è quel fine, a mio giuditio, dal quale in <lb/>comincia la ri&longs;olutione; &longs;ia mò opera, o ope­<lb/>ratione, ò &longs;copo, que&longs;to importa pochißimo, <lb/>pur che intendiate che &longs;ia quello che prima <lb/>muoue, dalla cognitione del quale &longs;empre in­<lb/>comincierà e&longs;&longs;a ri&longs;olutione; & debbe&longs;i auerti <lb/>re che que&longs;to tal fine alle uolte ha l'e&longs;&longs;ere &longs;o­<lb/>lamente nell'animo, innanzi dico, che la co&longs;a <lb/>&longs;ia fatta; alle uolte anco ha l'e&longs;&longs;ere & nel­<lb/>l'animo, & fuora dell'animo, cioè nella ma­<lb/>teria. Quando ha l'e&longs;&longs;ere nell'animo, & &longs;i­<lb/>milmente fuora, benche quello che è nella <pb pagenum="47"/>mente rappre&longs;enti quello che è di fuori, non <lb/>dimeno tra loro è qualche differenza; percio <lb/>che quello che è nella mente è agente del mo­<lb/>to, ouero operatione, & quello che è di fuo <lb/>ra, è ueramente fine del moto; &longs;i come per <lb/>e&longs;&longs;empio lo edificatore ha nell'animo la forma <lb/>della ca&longs;a, & anco (ouero al meno) può <lb/>e&longs;&longs;ere e&longs;&longs;a ca&longs;a fuora dell'animo materialmen­<lb/>te, onde la forma della ca&longs;a che è nell'animo <lb/>muoue lo edificatore a fare ogni opera per con <lb/>&longs;eguire la ca&longs;a materialmente &longs;imile a lei. <lb/>Eccoui dunque che la forma della ca&longs;a nell'in­<lb/>telletto è come agente, & la materiale è co­<lb/>me fine di ogni attione. Quando ha &longs;olamen <lb/>te l'e&longs;&longs;ere nell'animo, all'hora quella forma <lb/>che è nell'animo muoue in quanto agente, & <lb/>è ancora in quanto fine del moto; ilche Ari­<lb/>&longs;totele parlando dell'attione di Dio, & delle <lb/>intelligenze, diceua conuenir&longs;i alle intelligen <lb/>ze per &longs;e, & non per accidente, ma &longs;e per <lb/>&longs;orte &longs;i ritroua&longs;&longs;e hauere l'e&longs;&longs;ere il fine in quel <lb/>modo che habbiamo detto nelle co&longs;e naturali, <lb/>ouero artificiali, che era per accidente. On­<lb/>de in conclu&longs;ione ui dico che la ri&longs;olutione, <lb/>&longs;e &longs;arà delle co&longs;e, il cui fine è &longs;olo nella men­<lb/>te, incominciarà da e&longs;&longs;o fine; &longs;e anco &longs;arà del <lb/>le co&longs;e, & che hanno il fine nella mente, & <lb/>anco fuori, incomincierà da quello che è nella <pb pagenum="48"/>mente, come quello, che è primo dell'altro <lb/>per e&longs;&longs;ere principio & efficiente del moto, & <lb/>l'altro il fine, & come quello ancora, a che <lb/>&longs;i riferi&longs;cono tutte le attioni, & parti, che <lb/>&longs;ono &longs;otto di lui, come ben diceua la diffinitio <lb/>ne conuenir&longs;i al uero fine. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Ò ottima <lb/>determinatione, di che certo non &longs;i potea da­<lb/>re la migliore, ne che fo&longs;&longs;e piu ri&longs;oluta, & <lb/>chiara, non &longs;aprei de&longs;iderare piu co&longs;a ueru­<lb/>na, che nece&longs;&longs;aria fo&longs;&longs;e a cono&longs;cere perfetta­<lb/>mente l'ordine ri&longs;olutiuo, eccetto che gli e&longs;&longs;em <lb/>pi in diuer&longs;e facultà, come hauete prome&longs;&longs;o <lb/>di dare. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Ò ui &longs;arà bene auanzato qualche <lb/>&longs;cropolo. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Certo che per hora non ho che <lb/>dubitare: non uoglio dire che &longs;entendoui non <lb/>po&longs;&longs;a ancora uenire in qualche dubitatione, <lb/>ilche però qua&longs;i non credo. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Fate bene <lb/>a mettere la co&longs;a in for&longs;e, accioche non re&longs;ta­<lb/>&longs;te po&longs;cia ingannato. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Io ho que&longs;ta &longs;pe­<lb/>ranza di uoi, che quando bene io haueßi giu­<lb/>rato nel nome uo&longs;tro di piu non dubitare, che <lb/>mi a&longs;&longs;oluere&longs;te, & non ui la&longs;ciare&longs;ti aggra­<lb/>uare la fatica per &longs;atisfarmi. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Di a&longs;&longs;ol­<lb/>uerui non starebbe a me, ma potrei bene ab­<lb/>braciare quella fatica, laquale mai ho fug­<lb/>gito, & meno fuggirò, purche io cono&longs;ca di <lb/>farui utile & appiacere; & per uenire a <lb/>quello che mi hauete domandato, eccoui <pb pagenum="49"/>l'e&longs;&longs;empio della ri&longs;olutione. Se uoi uolete &longs;a­<lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg50"></arrow.to.target><lb/>nare la febbre, è forza, che leuiate la cagio <lb/>ne immediata di e&longs;&longs;a, laquale è la putrefat­<lb/>tione de gli humori, ecco che di qui na&longs;cono <lb/>due intentioni, l'una che na&longs;ce dalla febbre, <lb/>l'altra che na&longs;ce dalla putrefattione de gli hu <lb/>mori; & quella che na&longs;ce dalla febbre a un <lb/>tratto ui dimo&longs;tra, che uogliate leuare la <lb/>febbre che è in atto, & che uietiate &longs;imilmen <lb/>te cheun'altra di nuouo non &longs;i faccia la putre <lb/>fattione &longs;imilmente ui dimo&longs;tra & che leuia­<lb/>te quella putredine che è gia fatta, & che <lb/>prouediate anco con i&longs;trumenti conueneuoli, <lb/>che piu non &longs;e ne faccia di nuouo. A douere <lb/>uietare quello che &longs;i può fare che non &longs;i fac­<lb/>cia, è di bi&longs;ogno leuare la &longs;ua cagione, che è <lb/>l'impedimento della re&longs;piratione, e&longs;&longs;a &longs;i leua­<lb/>rà in due modi, & rimouendo gli humori, <lb/>che continuamente corrono, & accre&longs;cono le <lb/>o&longs;truttioni, & euacuando ancora quegli che <lb/>con la &longs;ua pre&longs;enza fanno le &longs;udette o&longs;truttio­<lb/>ni, & quelli &longs;i leuaranno con il taglio della <lb/>uena, & que&longs;ti con gli aperienti. Oltra di <lb/>que&longs;to, bi&longs;ognarà anche procurare che tali &longs;u­<lb/>perflui humori piu oltre non &longs;i generino, iqua <lb/>li po&longs;&longs;ano di nuouo correre, & fare la o&longs;trut <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg51"></arrow.to.target><lb/>tione, al che &longs;i prouederà con la ragione del <lb/>uiuere, cioè co'l fare che i cibi, il bere, <pb pagenum="50"/>l'aere, l'e&longs;ercitio, il &longs;onno, le uigilie, & la <lb/>euacuatione, & repletione, per numerarle <lb/>tutte, &longs;ieno di tal maniera ordinati, che non <lb/>po&longs;&longs;ano cau&longs;are ecce&longs;&longs;o alcuno, ma piu to&longs;to <lb/>con l'attemperare accre&longs;cano la uirtù nel cor­<lb/>po humano; & in que&longs;to modo dal fine dell'ar <lb/>te, per mezo della ri&longs;olutione &longs;arete diuenuto <lb/>a i principij della operatione, che &longs;aranno i <lb/>medicamenti, & la ragione delle &longs;ei co&longs;e non <lb/>naturali. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Incomincierà dunque la com <lb/>po&longs;itione da i medicamenti, & co&longs;e non natu <lb/>rali nell'arte medicinale? T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Incomincierà <lb/>certo. Che, ui è for&longs;e nato di gia qualche <lb/>&longs;cropolo? M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Certo sì, che non me ne ho <lb/>potuto tanto riparare. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Hor ditelo. <lb/>M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Non sò come (&longs;e i principij del medi­<lb/>co &longs;ono i medicamenti, & le co&longs;e non natura <lb/>li) Auicenna habbia &longs;critto la medicina nel <lb/>l'ordine compo&longs;itiuo, come per lo piu de gli <lb/>&longs;crittori tengono: perche e&longs;&longs;o incomincia da <lb/>gli elementi, & non da medicamenti. <lb/>T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Arguta, & dotta ueramente è la uo­<lb/>&longs;tra dubitatione Morello, & tanto difficile <lb/>che diuer&longs;e &longs;olutioni &longs;ono state da diuer&longs;i da­<lb/>te, ma come &longs;atisfacciano al que&longs;ito uoi l'udi <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg52"></arrow.to.target><lb/>re<gap/>. Alcuni dicono che la medicina è cono <lb/>&longs;ciuta dal medico, & dal filo&longs;ofo, ma però <lb/>diuer&longs;amente perche il filo&longs;ofo cono&longs;ce tutte <pb pagenum="51"/>le parti della medicina, naturale, non natu­<lb/>rale, & oltra natura, in quanto che tali &longs;o­<lb/>no, ma però non &longs;ono indirizzate, & meno <lb/>cono&longs;ciute in quanto che giouano alla con&longs;er­<lb/>uatione, ouero alla ricuperatione della perdu <lb/>ta &longs;anità. Ma il medico, &longs;upponendo la co­<lb/>gnitione del filo&longs;ofo, gli cono&longs;ce in quanto che <lb/>gli po&longs;&longs;ono recare aiuto nel &longs;anare, ouero nel <lb/>con&longs;eruare la &longs;anità, però dicono eßi che quan <lb/>do Auicenna tratta nel principio diffu&longs;amen­<lb/>te de gli elementi, & de gli humori, confon­<lb/>de la parte del filo&longs;ofo con quella del medico. <lb/>Fin qui eglino hanno detto il uero, ma non <lb/>hanno gia leuata la dubitatione, perche non <lb/>hanno re&longs;a la cagione perche incominci Aui­<lb/>cenna da gli elementi, & Galeno nella co&longs;ti­<lb/>tutione dell'arte (oue in&longs;egna trattare la me­<lb/>dicina nell'ordine ri&longs;olutiuo) po&longs;e fine ne i me <lb/>dicamenti, da che incomincia la compo&longs;itio­<lb/>ne, & come anco &longs;i puo uedere nella ri&longs;olu­<lb/>tione pur hora fatta da noi. Se pure non uo­<lb/>le&longs;&longs;ero dire copertamente (co&longs;a che non cre­<lb/>do) che Auicenna non ha u&longs;ato ordine ueru <lb/>no, ilche &longs;arebbe molto disdiceuole, & però <lb/>credo io che egli habbia u&longs;ato l'ordine compo <lb/>&longs;itiuo, & ri&longs;olutiuo in&longs;ieme, & accioche non <lb/>ui paia strano il dire che Auicenna habbia <lb/>u&longs;ato due ordini che &longs;i oppongono l'uno all'al- <pb pagenum="52"/> <arrow.to.target n="marg53"></arrow.to.target><lb/>tro. Douete &longs;apere che in qualunque facultà <lb/>&longs;i uoglia, o &longs;ia arte o &longs;ia pure &longs;cienza, che &longs;i <lb/>può con&longs;iderare due maniere d'ordine, de qua <lb/>li uno s'a&longs;petta a i teoremi, ouero concetti <lb/>communi di quella facultà; l'altro che s'a&longs;pet <lb/>ta a le co&longs;e, ouero &longs;uggetto di quella facultà; <lb/>& è altra co&longs;a con&longs;iderare l'ordine de i teore <lb/>mi, altra con&longs;iderare l'ordine delle co&longs;e; & <lb/>però quando Auicenna propone di uoler trat­<lb/>tare prima gli uniuer&longs;ali, & poi i particola <lb/>ri precetti dell'arte medicinale, intende de i <lb/>teoremi, & non delle co&longs;e, & qua&longs;i mi mo­<lb/>&longs;tra a dito quale ordine ha da o&longs;&longs;eruare nella <lb/>medicina in quanto a i teoremi. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Che co <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg54"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;a intende egli per particolari Teoremi? inten <lb/>de egli le &longs;pecie ultime de teoremi? T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Co&longs;i <lb/>apunto, & Galeno in&longs;ieme per elementi del­<lb/>l'arte inte&longs;e le &longs;pecie de teoremi. Hora dun­<lb/>que l'i&longs;te&longs;&longs;o Auicenna dice, che il &longs;uo proce&longs;&longs;o <lb/>nella medicina &longs;arà da gli uniuer&longs;ali, a &longs;em­<lb/>plici, & particolari teoremi: ui dimando <lb/>quale &longs;ia quell'ordine, che &longs;erue il &longs;udetto <lb/>proce&longs;&longs;o, non è la ri&longs;olutione? adunque Aui <lb/>cenna in quanto a i teoremi &longs;erua l'ordine ri­<lb/>&longs;olutiuo. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Piano un poco di gratia, non <lb/>hauete uoi detto hor hora che la ri&longs;olutione <lb/>incomincia dal fine, & che il fine è quello, <lb/>alquale tutte le co&longs;e innanzi a lui s'indirizza- <pb pagenum="53"/>no, & e&longs;&longs;o non &longs;arà indirizzato a co&longs;a ueru <lb/>na, & che anco è quello, che prima muoue, <lb/>come potrà e&longs;&longs;ere ordine ri&longs;olutiuo quello che <lb/>incomincia da gli uniuer&longs;ali teoremi, & uà <lb/>a i particolari, e&longs;&longs;endo che nell'arte medicina <lb/>le non &longs;i puo ritrouare teorema, alquale con <lb/>uengano le proprietà del fine. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Come, <lb/>che non ui &longs;i ritroua teorema, ilquale è come <lb/>fine di tutta l'arte? Non pigliò Galeno la <lb/>diffinitione dell'arte nel libro della co&longs;titutione <lb/>dell'arte? & la ri&longs;ol&longs;e in&longs;ino alle ultime &longs;pecie <lb/>di teoremi? que&longs;to non mi potete gia negare. <lb/>Però anco Auicenna piglia que&longs;to teorema <lb/>uniuer&longs;ale dell'arte, cioè la diffinitione dell'ar <lb/>te, & la ri&longs;olue in&longs;ino nelle ultime &longs;pecie di <lb/>teoremi, & però &longs;e noi riguardiamo (come <lb/>ho gia detto) li teoremi, &longs;erua l'ordine ri&longs;o­<lb/>lutiuo, come ha fatto Galeno nel libro della <lb/>co&longs;titutione dell'arte, ma &longs;e riguardiamo le <lb/>co&longs;e, noi diremo con gli altri che ei &longs;erua l'or <lb/>dine compo&longs;itiuo, & però incomincia dalle <lb/>co&longs;e piu &longs;emplici nell'arte, che &longs;ono gli elemen <lb/>ti, & douete &longs;apere che l'ordine nelle co&longs;e non <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg55"></arrow.to.target><lb/>è nece&longs;&longs;ario, &longs;e una non depende dall'altra, co <lb/>me fanno nell'arte medicinale, perche (come <lb/>ben diceua Galeno) le co&longs;e compo&longs;te dependo <lb/>no dalle &longs;emplici, oue diceua che è co&longs;a da <lb/>poco prudente nel dichiarare &longs;cienza, o arte <pb pagenum="54"/>andare dalle co&longs;e compo&longs;te alle &longs;emplici, e&longs;&longs;en <lb/>do che le compo&longs;te dependono da e&longs;&longs;e &longs;empli­<lb/>ci. Ilche cono&longs;cendo bene Auicenna, de&longs;ide <lb/>ro&longs;o di far&longs;i intendere, incominciò dalle co&longs;e <lb/>&longs;emplici, alle compo&longs;te andando; & che ui <lb/>parerebbe &longs;e ui diceßi che Galeno ha o&longs;&longs;erua­<lb/>to l'i&longs;te&longs;&longs;o ordine ne i libri del metodo curati­<lb/>uo? noi ueggiamo chiarißimamente che egli <lb/>o&longs;&longs;erua quelle regole lequali e&longs;&longs;o ne ha in&longs;e­<lb/>gnate nel libro della co&longs;titutione dell'arte, <lb/>cioè incomincia da i Teoremi piu compo&longs;ti, & <lb/>uniuer&longs;ali, & &longs;e ne uà uer&longs;o li &longs;emplicißimi, <lb/>& particolari. Ma &longs;e con&longs;ideriamo poi le <lb/>co&longs;e, egli &longs;egue il compo&longs;itiuo, & &longs;on ben <lb/>&longs;icuro, che uoi ui marauigliarete &longs;e con Ale&longs;­<lb/>&longs;andro ui dirò che Ari&longs;totele ha ancor egli <lb/>nella filo&longs;ofia naturale u&longs;ato l'ordine ri&longs;oluti­<lb/>uo, & che ha detto di propria bocca uolerlo <lb/>u&longs;are quando nel quarto te&longs;to (&longs;e ben mi rac­<lb/>cordo) egli dice che &longs;i deue &longs;eruare que&longs;to <lb/>ordine, cioè dall'uniuer&longs;ale, andare a i par­<lb/>ticolari. Ilche interpretando Ale&longs;&longs;andro di­<lb/>ce, che non debbiamo intendere per uniuer&longs;a <lb/>le l'uniuer&longs;ale in predicare, ma dobbiamo in <lb/>tendere i concetti uniuer&longs;ali, come &longs;e dice&longs;&longs;e <lb/>Ari&longs;totele, che uuole procedere da i piu com­<lb/>muni concetti a quelli che &longs;ono particolari, & <lb/>co&longs;i il proce&longs;&longs;o di e&longs;&longs;o ne i concetti, &longs;arà da <pb pagenum="55"/>gli uniuer&longs;ali a i particolari; & &longs;e uogliamo <lb/>anco auuertire a quello che dice Auerroe <lb/>nel prologo, noi non uederemo altro ordine <lb/>in Ari&longs;totele (parlando però quanto a i con <lb/>cetti) che quello che uà dall'uniuer&longs;ale al par <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg56"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ticolare. Onde per que&longs;to ancora dobbiamo con <lb/>cludere che Ari&longs;totele in quanto a i concetti <lb/>ha u&longs;ato l'ordine ri&longs;olutiuo, in quanto poi alle <lb/>co&longs;e ha u&longs;ato il compo&longs;itiuo. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Certamen <lb/>te &longs;e non haue&longs;te mo&longs;trato con la ragione in <lb/>mano quello che hauete detto, non &longs;olo mi <lb/>&longs;arei marauigliato, ma stupito; anzi hora <lb/>per dirui il uero stupi&longs;co, come mai la &longs;otti­<lb/>gliezza del uo&longs;tro ingegno habbia potuto ri­<lb/>trouare, & penetrare a &longs;i alti, & &longs;ecreti <lb/>concetti, a quali appena tirato dalla ragione <lb/>po&longs;&longs;o io accenderui. T<emph type="roman"/>OM<emph.end type="roman"/> Secreti &longs;ono quegli <lb/>che da un &longs;olo, & non piu &longs;ono &longs;aputi, ma <lb/>io non &longs;on &longs;olo che habbia cono&longs;ciuta que&longs;ta <lb/>uerità. Onde ritornando a propo&longs;ito diremo <lb/>che Auicenna quanto s'a&longs;petta alli Teoremi <lb/>dell arte ha u&longs;ato l'ordine ri&longs;olutiuo, ilquale <lb/>è poco differente dalla uia diui&longs;iua &longs;econdo <lb/>Galeno. Ha u&longs;ato poi l'ordine compo&longs;itiuo <lb/>in quanto alle co&longs;e, cioè pigliando e&longs;&longs;e non in <lb/>quanto &longs;ono nel concetto commune, ma in <lb/>quanto &longs;ono parte, & &longs;emplici principij del <lb/>corpo humano. Que&longs;ta adunque al mio giu- <pb pagenum="56"/> <arrow.to.target n="marg57"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ditio è la cagione perche Auicenna habbia <lb/>incommciato da gli elementi, & non da i me <lb/>dicamenti. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Ha poi egli o&longs;&longs;eruato intie­<lb/>ramente gli ordini che hauete detto &longs;eruare. <lb/>T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Non gia e&longs;qui&longs;itamente, perche &longs;e ben <lb/>riguardiamo nel proce&longs;&longs;o del &longs;udetto Auicen <lb/>na, noi uederemo che nell'uno, & nell'altro <lb/>ordine non &longs;erua in tutto in tutto quello che <lb/>douerebbe, & uorrebbono eßi ordini, & ue <lb/>deremo oltra di cio che tratta le co&longs;e in modo <lb/>tale, che confonde la parte del filo&longs;ofo con <lb/>quella del medico. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Hor &longs;ia come &longs;i uo­<lb/>glia, ri&longs;oluetemi di gratia tutta l'arte medi­<lb/>cinale, perche &longs;pero che que&longs;ta ri&longs;olutione mi <lb/>liberarà da molti intrichi. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Mi dimanda <lb/>te, anzi mi uolete a&longs;trignere a pigliare un <lb/>carico piu graue di quello che ui pen&longs;ate, <lb/>perche d'una ri&longs;olutione della medicina che <lb/>mi domandate &longs;arò a&longs;tretto per &longs;odisfarui a <lb/>faruene due. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Mi rincre&longs;ce certo a im­<lb/>porui tanto pe&longs;o &longs;opra le &longs;palle, ma non po&longs;&longs;o <lb/>fare di meno, non uolendo re&longs;tare &longs;enza qual­<lb/>che o&longs;curaggine nella mente. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Horsù fac <lb/>cia&longs;i a uo&longs;tro modo, & il tutto dica&longs;i breue­<lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg58"></arrow.to.target><lb/>mente, ponendo che la &longs;anità è fine della me­<lb/>dicina, laquale ouero che è pre&longs;ente, ouero <lb/>ab&longs;ente: &longs;upponiamo che &longs;ia pre&longs;ente, per <lb/>con&longs;eruarla fu di mi&longs;tiero di con&longs;eruare <pb pagenum="57"/>l'equalità nel corpo humano; & in che mo­<lb/>do con&longs;eruaremo noi l'equalità? &longs;e cono&longs;cen­<lb/>do le cau&longs;e effettrici di e&longs;&longs;a &longs;anità, & le cau­<lb/>&longs;e parimente del &longs;uggetto di e&longs;&longs;a, ci sforzare­<lb/>mo di operare talmente, che e&longs;&longs;e &longs;ieno tali, <lb/>che po&longs;&longs;ano con&longs;eruare la &longs;udetta &longs;anità; & <lb/>prima incominciaremo dalle cau&longs;e efficienti <lb/>come da piu uniuer&longs;ali, & ultime, lequali <lb/>per una certa analogia che hanno col corpo <lb/>&longs;ano, & ammalato, &longs;ono chiamate cau&longs;e &longs;a­<lb/>lubri, & in&longs;alubri, de quali alcune &longs;ono <lb/>nece&longs;&longs;arie come l'aere, il cibo, il bere; al­<lb/>cune altre &longs;ono meno nece&longs;&longs;arie, uoglio dire <lb/>che non &longs;ono di tanta neceßità all'huomo, <lb/>quanta le prime. & &longs;ono l'e&longs;&longs;ercitio, il &longs;on­<lb/>no, le uigilie, la repletione, & euacuatio­<lb/>ne, & &longs;econdo alcuni ancora il coito. <lb/>M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Le &longs;ei co&longs;e adunque non naturali &longs;ono <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg59"></arrow.to.target><lb/>lc cau&longs;e effettrici della &longs;anità, ma ditemi qua <lb/>le di que&longs;te &longs;i dourà trattare in prima? <lb/>T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Per non hauere tra di loro ri&longs;petto di <lb/>primo, & ultimo, ouero di tutto, & par­<lb/>te, quali &longs;ono cagioni dell'ordine, po&longs;&longs;ono <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg60"></arrow.to.target><lb/>e&longs;&longs;ere trattate da cia&longs;cuno &longs;econdo che gli pia <lb/>ce. Tuttauia uolendoli dare quello piu con­<lb/>ueniente che po&longs;&longs;ono hauere, deue&longs;i prima <lb/>trattare delle uniuer&longs;ali, e come in que&longs;to ha <lb/>fatto bene Auicenna cominciando dall'aere; <pb pagenum="58"/>nel re&longs;to &longs;i deue &longs;eruare l'ordine accidentale <lb/>&longs;e &longs;i può, quando nò raccorra&longs;i al metodo; <lb/>che &longs;arà da trattare in prima delle piu cono­<lb/>&longs;ciute. Trattato poi che &longs;i ha delle cau&longs;e con <lb/>&longs;eruatrici della &longs;anità, &longs;i deue di poi uenire <lb/>alle cau&longs;e del &longs;uggetto, lequali ouero che &longs;o­<lb/>no materiali, ouero formali: le formali &longs;ono <lb/>le uirtù, & operationi; le materiali &longs;ono gli <lb/>elementi, & gli humori, & tra que&longs;ti &longs;i <lb/>&longs;eruarà il metodo cominciando dalle piu note <lb/>che &longs;ono le formali, & però &longs;i di&longs;tingueran­<lb/>no le uirtù, & operationi nelle &longs;ue proprie <lb/>&longs;pecie, & da que&longs;te &longs;i uerrà alli materiali, <lb/>& prima &longs;i trattarà de i membri compo&longs;ti, & <lb/>poi de &longs;emplici, à quali &longs;eguiranno le tempe­<lb/>rature, gli humori, & finalmente gli ele­<lb/>menti; & qui farà fine la prima ri&longs;olutione, <lb/>laquale compita, non occorre che altro fac­<lb/>cia il medico, &longs;e non pigliar&longs;ene le cau&longs;e con­<lb/>&longs;eruatrici, & adoperarle in con&longs;eruare, & <lb/>tutte le altre che concorrono alla co&longs;titutione <lb/>del corpo &longs;ano. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Que&longs;ta è la ri&longs;olutio <lb/>ne che fece Ari&longs;totele nel &longs;ettimo della Meta­<lb/>fi&longs;ica, &longs;e ben mi raccordo, laquale uoi piu <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg61"></arrow.to.target><lb/>facilmente hauete e&longs;plicata, & però ui a&longs;pet­<lb/>to &longs;enza indugio à fare la ri&longs;olutione della <lb/>&longs;anità che deue e&longs;&longs;ere ricuperata. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Se <lb/>la &longs;anità è ab&longs;ente, bi&longs;ogna per ricuperarla, <pb pagenum="59"/>ricuperare la equalità del corpo di già perdu­<lb/>ta, & que&longs;to &longs;i farà co'l mezo delle cau&longs;e <lb/>efficienti della qualità, quali &longs;ono tre, la <lb/>dieta, la farmacia, & chirurgia, cia&longs;cuno <lb/>di que&longs;ti tre generi di cau&longs;e deue e&longs;&longs;ere diui&longs;o <lb/>nelle &longs;ue &longs;pecie, & da que&longs;ti poi bi&longs;ogna ue­<lb/>nire à i &longs;uggetti, & con&longs;iderare la inequa­<lb/>lità di eßi, lequali ò che &longs;ono nelli membri, <lb/>ò ne gli humori, ouero nelle temperature, & <lb/>finalmente &longs;i deue uenire ri&longs;oluendo que&longs;te <lb/>parti come fatto habbiamo nell'altra ri&longs;olutio­<lb/>ne in&longs;ino à gli elementi; & qui fini&longs;ce la ri&longs;o­<lb/>lutione della &longs;anità perduta, laquale è oppo­<lb/>&longs;ita all'ordine compo&longs;itiuo, che ha &longs;eruato Aui <lb/>cenna; percioche doue fini&longs;ce e&longs;&longs;a ri&longs;olutione, <lb/>incomincia la compo&longs;itione; & perche fini&longs;ce <lb/>da gli elementi, & però da eßi comincia <lb/>Auicenna, & ueramcnte &longs;i potrebbe tolera­<lb/>re Auicenna in quanto à gli ordini, al parer <lb/>mio, &longs;e non confonde&longs;&longs;e, come ho già detto, <lb/>la parte del filo&longs;ofo con quella del medico. <lb/>M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Qui mi na&longs;cono molte difficultà, di­<lb/>co, intorno à que&longs;te ri&longs;olutioni, percioche <lb/>mi pare che uoi per fauorire e&longs;&longs;o Auicenna, <lb/>habbiate contradetto ad Ari&longs;totele, & à Ga­<lb/>leno: ma per non entrare in co&longs;i profondo pe­<lb/>lago uoglio quietarmi. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Ditemi di gra­<lb/>tia quali &longs;ieno; perche altramente io re&longs;tarei <pb pagenum="60"/>tutto hoggi &longs;o&longs;pe&longs;o. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Purche poi non ue <lb/>ne pentiate, ogni co&longs;a andarà bene. Ari&longs;to­<lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg62"></arrow.to.target><lb/>tele nel &longs;ettimo della metafi&longs;ica dice, che noi <lb/>dobbiamo ri&longs;oluere il fine in&longs;ino nel principio, <lb/>dalquale noi poßiamo incominciare ad opera­<lb/>re, parlando de le facultà che &longs;ono con con­<lb/>&longs;ultatione, cioè delle arti, & dà l'e&longs;&longs;empio <lb/>dell'ecce&longs;&longs;o della calidità, ilquale uolendolo <lb/>emendare, fà di me&longs;tiero che noi lo cono&longs;ciamo, <lb/>& non lo potiamo cono&longs;cere &longs;e non contaua­<lb/>mo prima il &longs;uo &longs;uggetto, & le &longs;ue operatio­<lb/>ni; ecco adunque che nella ri&longs;olutione &longs;i ante­<lb/>pongono le cau&longs;e naturali, co&longs;i formali, co­<lb/>me materiali, lequali concorrono à fare cono <lb/>&longs;cere e&longs;&longs;o ecce&longs;&longs;o della calidità, & cono&longs;ciuto <lb/>che habbiamo l'ecce&longs;&longs;o, debbiamo poi ri&longs;ol­<lb/>uere le cau&longs;e effettrici, della &longs;anità, lequali <lb/>correggono l'ecce&longs;&longs;o nella calidità, & ne la <lb/>ritornano al proprio stato, & grado; & in <lb/>que&longs;to modo la ri&longs;olutione finirà doue incomin <lb/>cierà la compo&longs;itione. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> A que&longs;to io non <lb/>ho altra ri&longs;po&longs;ta di quella, che ui ho con mia <lb/>gran fatica data di &longs;opra, &longs;e alla giornata <lb/>mi occorrcrà &longs;olutione, che io giudichi douer <lb/>ui acquietare l'intelletto, non mancarò di <lb/>faruene parte. Per tanto contentateui di quel <lb/>la che detta habbiamo, & perche &longs;alua <lb/>Auicenna, & &longs;alua anco Ari&longs;totele con <pb pagenum="61"/>Galeno in&longs;ieme. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Io mi contento pur <lb/>troppo della &longs;olutione che hauete data, ma <lb/>mi è paruto i&longs;trano che uoi habbiaté nella ri­<lb/>&longs;olutione uoluto piu to&longs;to e&longs;&longs;ere con Auicenna, <lb/>che con gli altri, & che habbiate uoluto che <lb/>egli &longs;ia stato ordinatißimo, dico nel di&longs;porre <lb/>cia&longs;cuna parte. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Anzi ho detto che <lb/>non ha nel congiugnere le parti in&longs;ieme &longs;er­<lb/>uato esqui&longs;ito ordine, ma ho fatta la ri&longs;olu­<lb/>tione, laquale &longs;i oppone alla &longs;ua compo&longs;itio­<lb/>ne per mo&longs;trarui in che modo egli &longs;i po&longs;&longs;a &longs;al­<lb/>uare. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Hor &longs;ono contento di quello che <lb/>uolete uoi, ueniamo pure alla ri&longs;olutione del <lb/>le altre arti, & &longs;corriamo al fine. Il fine <lb/>della ca&longs;a è come gia è stato detto, cioè che <lb/>ne guardi da pioggie, & da tempe&longs;tuo&longs;i tem­<lb/>pi, & da ogni &longs;orte di offen&longs;ione, che ne po&longs;&longs;a <lb/>e&longs;&longs;er fatta, ò da nemici, ouero da animali <lb/>irrationali, ò altre cagioni e&longs;teriori. Ecco <lb/>che per cono&longs;cere il fine della ca&longs;a, bi&longs;ogna <lb/>cono&longs;cere le &longs;orti delle offe&longs;e, & que&longs;ta cogni <lb/>tione non è ri&longs;olutione, ma cognitione di eßo <lb/>fine, come diceuate uoi della medicina; & qui <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg63"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;i deue notare che colui che ri&longs;olue, comincia <lb/>dal fine e&longs;terno non à ri&longs;olutione, ma à cono­<lb/>&longs;cere, percioche è il primo ( come hauete <lb/>detto) che muoue l'intelletto alla ri&longs;olutione: <lb/>perche &longs;i come la unità non è numero, benche <pb pagenum="62"/>&longs;ia principio del numero, co&longs;i parimente il <lb/>fine e&longs;terno è principio della ri&longs;olutione, ma <lb/>e&longs;&longs;o però non è nella ri&longs;olutione; & percio <lb/>bene hanno detto coloro, che negarono la ri­<lb/>&longs;olutione incominciare dal fine e&longs;terno, cioè <lb/>che il fine e&longs;terno &longs;i ri&longs;olue&longs;&longs;e, perche la ri­<lb/>&longs;olutione incomincia &longs;olamente à ri&longs;oluere il <lb/>fine interno, quantunque dalla cognitione del <lb/>l'ultimo fine ce ne ueniamo à ritrouare gli im <lb/>mediati principij, mediati, remoti, & re­<lb/>motißimi delle arti; ne starò à ri&longs;oluere la ca­<lb/>&longs;a perche di &longs;opra la ri&longs;olue&longs;te uoi à pieno; <lb/>hora mò ui a&longs;petto con l'e&longs;&longs;empio della filo&longs;o­<lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg64"></arrow.to.target><lb/>fia. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Eccolo &longs;enza indugio. Il fine del <lb/>filo&longs;ofo naturale è il cono&longs;cere il corpo natura­<lb/>le; la cui cognitione con&longs;i&longs;te nelle &longs;petie, on­<lb/>de ba&longs;ta al filo&longs;ofo naturale à cono&longs;cere tutte <lb/>le &longs;petie de i corpi mi&longs;ti, co&longs;i per&longs;etti, come <lb/>imperfetti; & de perfetti co&longs;i animati, come <lb/>inanimati; & de animati co&longs;i &longs;en&longs;ibili, come <lb/>in&longs;en&longs;ibili; de &longs;en&longs;ibili co&longs;i rationali, come <lb/>irrationali, quali tutti non &longs;i po&longs;&longs;ono cono­<lb/>&longs;cere &longs;enza la cognitione de i loro principij, <lb/>cioè materia, fine, forma, & efficiente, per <lb/>tanto fa di me&longs;tieri di cono&longs;cere le cau&longs;e che <lb/>le producono, gli elementi, & i principij di <lb/>eßi elementi: à talche dalla cognitione del <lb/>fine ri&longs;oluendo diuiene à ritrouare tutte le <pb pagenum="63"/>parti, ò principij del corpo naturale ordina­<lb/>tamente in&longs;ino à gli ultimi, & remotißimi <lb/>principij. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Con que&longs;to i&longs;te&longs;&longs;o ordine <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg65"></arrow.to.target><lb/>(come ben dice Simplicio) Ari&longs;totele trattò <lb/>la Dialettica, ilquale po&longs;tosì à uoler dire del­<lb/>la dimo&longs;tratione, la ri&longs;ol&longs;e à parte, à parte <lb/>in&longs;ino alli &longs;uoi primi principij. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Anzi <lb/>di piu ui uoglio dire che il Grammatico &longs;i &longs;er­<lb/>ue mede&longs;imamente della ri&longs;olutione, non che <lb/>à dire de gli arte&longs;ici di qualche importanza: <lb/>percioche egli ri&longs;olue l'oratione &longs;uo proprio <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg66"></arrow.to.target><lb/>fine in periodi, li periodi in elau&longs;ule, & <lb/>quelle indittioni, & le dittioni in &longs;illabe, & <lb/>le &longs;illabe in lettere, che &longs;ono proprij elcmenti <lb/>di quell'arte. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Non ri&longs;olue egli poi le <lb/>lettere nelle &longs;ue parti, cioè in A, b, c, & c. <lb/>T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Que&longs;ta non è ri&longs;olutione, ma è meto­<lb/>do diui&longs;iuo, perche la diui&longs;ione, come ui dißi, <lb/>&longs;e ben mi raccordo, è differente dalla ri&longs;olutio <lb/>ne, perche ella diuide il genere nelle &longs;pecie, & <lb/>la ri&longs;olutione ri&longs;olue il &longs;ine in principij, che è <lb/>attione molto differente dalla diui&longs;ione. <lb/>M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Benche l'habbiate detto, non l'haue­<lb/>ua non dimeno bene inte&longs;o &longs;ino à que&longs;t hora, <lb/>però &longs;eguite. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Fa il logico come haue­<lb/>te detto, la ri&longs;olutione, & piglia il &longs;uo &longs;ine, <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg67"></arrow.to.target><lb/>cioè il &longs;illogismo, & lo ri&longs;olue poiche l'ha <lb/>diui&longs;o nelle &longs;ue parti, ne' &longs;uoi principij, la <pb pagenum="64"/> <arrow.to.target n="marg68"></arrow.to.target><lb/>cui diui&longs;ione è che e&longs;&longs;o &longs;illogismo, ò che è pen <lb/>fetto ouero imperfetto; & l'imperfetto ò che è <lb/>indutione, ò e&longs;&longs;empio, ouero entimema: il <lb/>perfetto parimente &longs;i diuide in &longs;illogismo con­<lb/>tingente, elcnchico, per dir co&longs;i, & nece&longs;­<lb/>&longs;ario. Hora, poi che egli ha adoperato il me­<lb/>todo diui&longs;iuo, prende cia&longs;cuna di que&longs;te par­<lb/>ti, & la ri&longs;olue ne i mediati &longs;uoi principij; <lb/>come per e&longs;&longs;empio la demo&longs;tratione in princi­<lb/>pij materiali, & formali, & di nuouo ado­<lb/>pera la diui&longs;ione diuidendo eßi principij nelle <lb/>&longs;ue &longs;pecie, pigliando di nuouo que&longs;ti principij <lb/>gli ri&longs;olue in altri principij, cioè in prepo&longs;i­<lb/>tioni, uerbi gratia, in maggiore propo&longs;itione, <lb/>in minore, & conclu&longs;ione, poiche ha diui&longs;a <lb/>la propo&longs;itione nelle &longs;ue parti, ò &longs;pecie che ne <lb/>uogliam dire, &longs;ubito ri&longs;olue cia&longs;cuna di loro <lb/>ne i &longs;uoi principij, che &longs;ono i termini della <lb/>propo&longs;itione, & qui non pa&longs;&longs;a il logico. <lb/>M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Non hauete di &longs;opra mai parlato tan­<lb/>to chiaramente, come la ri&longs;olutione &longs;ia diffe­<lb/>rente dalla diui&longs;ione, o ucramente che io non <lb/>haueua inte&longs;o; ma mi &longs;ouuiene una dubitatio­<lb/>ne, perche mi pare che la diui&longs;ione &longs;ia da <lb/>e&longs;&longs;er po&longs;ta tra gli ordini uniuer&longs;ali, percioche <lb/>ella ua &longs;empre al pari della ri&longs;olutione. <lb/>T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Non è da di&longs;prezzare que&longs;ta dubitatio <lb/>ne, ma auuertite che per due cagioni la <pb pagenum="65"/> <arrow.to.target n="marg69"></arrow.to.target><lb/>diui&longs;ione non ha da e&longs;&longs;er po&longs;ta tra gli ordini <lb/>uniuer&longs;ali; prima e&longs;&longs;a &longs;erue alla ri&longs;olutione, <lb/>& non può di&longs;porre un'arte, anzi alle uolte <lb/>la ri&longs;olutione potrà fare &longs;enza la diui&longs;ione, <lb/>maßime quando il fine &longs;uo è &longs;emplice, & non <lb/>ha &longs;pecie. Oltra di que&longs;to la diui&longs;ione non è <lb/>ordine, perche non ordina le co&longs;e à termine <lb/>alcuno, come fa la ri&longs;olutione i principij à i <lb/>principiati. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Di tutto hora &longs;ono capa­<lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg70"></arrow.to.target><lb/>cißimo, andate pure auanti. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Il mate­<lb/>matico ancora adopera la ri&longs;olutione, come <lb/>bene &longs;i può uedere nell'arismetica di Boetio, <lb/>ilquale ri&longs;olue un numero in un'altro, & <lb/>l'altro in un'altro, fino à tanto che diuiene alla <lb/>unità. Euclide adopera parimente la ri&longs;olutio <lb/>ne, doue parla della quantità co&longs;i di&longs;creta, <lb/>come concreta. Se ne &longs;erue parimente Proclo, <lb/>& il Campano interpreti di e&longs;&longs;o, i quali ri&longs;ol­<lb/>uono le ultime paßioni ne i &longs;uoi principij fino à <lb/>tanto che diuengono alle diffinitioni, petitio­<lb/>ni, & commumtà; principij indemo&longs;trabili <lb/>di quella facultà. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Come che il Mate­<lb/>matico adopera la ri&longs;olutione e&longs;&longs;endo che i <lb/>principij matematici &longs;ono ugualmente noti, & <lb/>in quanto alla natura, & in quanto à noi, <lb/>& percio ua il matematico &longs;empre da i princi­<lb/>pij à i principiati, & uoi uolete che adoperi <lb/>la ri&longs;olutione, il cui proce&longs;&longs;o è da i principiati <pb pagenum="66"/> <arrow.to.target n="marg71"></arrow.to.target><lb/>à i principij. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Non starò à dilatarmi <lb/>molto in que&longs;ta materia, come fanno alcuni, <lb/>perche il tempo è breue. Dico dunque che il <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg72"></arrow.to.target><lb/>matematico &longs;i &longs;erue, & &longs;i può ragioneuol­<lb/>mente &longs;eruire dell'ordine ri&longs;olutiuo, ma non <lb/>gia del metodo, cioè &longs;i &longs;erue della ri&longs;olutione <lb/>per ritrouare l'ordine che è tra la cau&longs;a, & il <lb/>cau&longs;ato, & per cono&longs;cere parimente &longs;e quelli <lb/>principij &longs;ono immediati, & cagionc di tale <lb/>effetto, & non per fare che &longs;ieno cono&longs;ciuti <lb/>eßi principij per mezo de gli effetti, ò prin­<lb/>cipiati, ouero le cau&longs;e per mezo de cau&longs;ati; <lb/>&seccone un particolare e&longs;&longs;empio. Il matema <lb/>tico di&longs;corre dalla paßione po&longs;teriore, che è <lb/>che il triangolo habbia tre angoli eguali à <lb/>due retti, la qual paßione ( accioche non ne <lb/>intrichiamo, & accio anche u&longs;iamo li termi­<lb/>ni matematici ) la chiamarò B. & quella <lb/>paßione che è prima di lei, la chiamarò A. <lb/>laquale è l'angolo e&longs;trin&longs;eco e&longs;&longs;ere equiualen­<lb/>te à due oppo&longs;iti intrin&longs;eci. Col mezo della <lb/>ri&longs;olutione, ouero di&longs;cor&longs;o che farò dal B. <lb/>al A. non trouarò, & chiarirò a&longs;&longs;olutamen­<lb/>te que&longs;ta A. ma notarò &longs;olamente que&longs;ta con­<lb/>ditione, che e&longs;&longs;a A. è cau&longs;a adequata di <lb/>e&longs;&longs;a B. perche tra l'una, & l'altra non cade <lb/>mezo, & da qui uerrò in cognitione dellor­<lb/>dine che dcue e&longs;&longs;ere tra loro, cioè che l'A. <pb pagenum="67"/>e&longs;&longs;endo cau&longs;a della B. debbia precedere ad <lb/>e&longs;&longs;a B. & quello che noi habbiamo detto in <lb/>que&longs;to e&longs;&longs;empio applicatelo uoi à tutte le ma­<lb/>tematice. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Mi piace que&longs;ta &longs;olutione, <lb/>dalla quale comprendo che ogni &longs;orte di facul­<lb/>tà può e&longs;&longs;ere trattata con l'ordine ri&longs;olutiuo. <lb/>T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Po&longs;&longs;ono indubitatamente; anzi ui ho <lb/>detto & replico di piu, che ne&longs;&longs;uno artefice <lb/>&longs;enza que&longs;to ordine ri&longs;olutiuo può mai troua­<lb/>re co&longs;a ueruna perfettamente. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> È certa <lb/>mente utilißimo, & for&longs;e piu d'ogni altro <lb/>nece&longs;&longs;ario per quello che fin qui po&longs;&longs;o uedere, <lb/>benche non ui habbia ancora udito dire tanto <lb/>de gli altri ordini, quanto hauete di que&longs;to. <lb/>T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Quando bene &longs;enti&longs;te tutto ciò che in­<lb/>torno à gli altri &longs;i puo dire, non mutare&longs;te <lb/>mai parere, perche egli è ueramente co&longs;i, <lb/>come uoi hauete detto. Però non a&longs;pettate che <lb/>per farui parere piu degno l'ordine compo&longs;iti­<lb/>uo, habbia da &longs;pendere molte parole, perche <lb/>uoi &longs;apete gia che la compo&longs;itione &longs;i oppone <lb/>alla ri&longs;olutione, & percio &longs;e ui &longs;ono due &longs;orti <lb/>( come hauete inte&longs;o) di ri&longs;olutione, è co&longs;a <lb/>ragioneuole che parimente &longs;ieno anco due &longs;pe­<lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg73"></arrow.to.target><lb/>cie di compo&longs;itione; l'una cioè reale, & l'al­<lb/>tra fatta dall'intelletto, laquale alcuni chia­<lb/>mano logica compo&longs;itione, & &longs;i diuide in <lb/>compo&longs;itione di co&longs;e primi, & in compo&longs;itione <pb pagenum="68"/>di teoremi, ma &longs;ia pigliata come &longs;i uoglia, <lb/>ella è quella che l'intelletto per &longs;e ste&longs;&longs;o &longs;enza <lb/>hauerne dalla natura e&longs;&longs;empio ha ritrouato; <lb/>&longs;ia mò ri&longs;olutione di teoremi, ò di co&longs;e gia <lb/>fatte, come concetti, ò altro che di que&longs;to <lb/>non curo; ba&longs;ta che la compo&longs;itione, & la ri­<lb/>&longs;olutione uer&longs;ano nelle i&longs;te&longs;&longs;e co&longs;e, & non <lb/>&longs;ono differenti in altro, &longs;e non che il fine di <lb/>una è principio dell'altra, co&longs;i in una &longs;orte di <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg74"></arrow.to.target><lb/>compo&longs;itione, ò ri&longs;olutione, come nell altra. <lb/>Dobbiamo auuertire in que&longs;to luogo for&longs;e quel <lb/>lo che non habbiamo nella ri&longs;olutione reale <lb/>annotato, che tre &longs;ono le &longs;orti della compo&longs;i­<lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg75"></arrow.to.target><lb/>tione reale, una che &longs;i fa di parti, che quan­<lb/>do &longs;ono compo&longs;te, &longs;ono in luoghi di&longs;tinti, co­<lb/>me è nell'animale, la carne, & l'o&longs;&longs;a, & le <lb/>altre parti, le quali compongono l'huomo, <lb/>& &longs;ono in appartati luoghi; & come anco <lb/>&longs;ono le parti della ca&longs;a che è &longs;aßi, calcina, le­<lb/>gni, & &longs;imili, lequali &longs;i come &longs;ono diuer&longs;i <lb/>tra loro, co&longs;i anco occupano diuer&longs;i luoghi <lb/>nella ca&longs;a, che tutti in&longs;ieme compongono. <lb/>Vi è poi un'altra &longs;orte di compo&longs;itione, nella <lb/>quale le parti del compo&longs;to &longs;ono tra loro con­<lb/>fu&longs;e, ne alcuna di loro ha luogo appartato, <lb/>come &longs;arebbe per c&longs;&longs;empio la ceruo&longs;a, ò altro <lb/>&longs;imile è compo&longs;to da que&longs;te due parti, cioè <lb/>acqua, & mele, però nè l'una nè l'altra ha <pb pagenum="69"/>proprio luogo; ma tra loro talmente &longs;ono mi­<lb/>ste, che piu non po&longs;&longs;ono realmente e&longs;&longs;ere &longs;e­<lb/>parate. La terza &longs;orte di compo&longs;itione reale <lb/>è come quando noi diciamo che la statua è di <lb/>metallo, & di figura quadrata, come che la <lb/>statua ri&longs;ulti da que&longs;te due parti, lequali, non <lb/>&longs;ono tra loro mi&longs;te, ma non &longs;ono però ne an­<lb/>che in diuer&longs;i luoghi; & que&longs;te &longs;ono dunque <lb/>le &longs;petie della compo&longs;itione reale, lequali ui <lb/>&longs;eruiranno anco alla ri&longs;olutione. La compo­<lb/>&longs;itione, laquale chiamiamo fatta dall'intellet <lb/>to, potrebbe ancora e&longs;&longs;a e&longs;&longs;ere diui&longs;a, hauen <lb/>do ri&longs;petto alle diuer&longs;e maniere de concetti; <lb/>ma non e&longs;&longs;endo que&longs;to tanto nece&longs;&longs;ario alla &longs;ca <lb/>la che intendiamo di fare, me la pa&longs;&longs;arò. <lb/>M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> V&longs;ate pure la uo&longs;tra &longs;olita breuità, <lb/>perche à mio giuditio è stato detto tanto, che <lb/>ba&longs;tarebbe alla cognitione di tutti: pure à <lb/>maggiore chiarezza, poi che non accade di <lb/>replicare la diffinitione dell'ordine compo&longs;iti­<lb/>uo, &longs;e mi uolete dare e&longs;&longs;empio anco di que&longs;to, <lb/>& del definitiuo ancora, &longs;iate breue, accio­<lb/>che tutta l'opera uo&longs;tra hoggi non &longs;ia &longs;pe&longs;a <lb/>per conto mio &longs;olamente, che di tanto non mi <lb/>ueggio degno, ma &longs;ia per altri ancora, come <lb/>porta il douere. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> ò mi piacerebbe <lb/>che mi loda&longs;&longs;e, &longs;e da douero dice&longs;te, ma mi <lb/>contento di &longs;atisfarui pre&longs;to, accio uoi habbiate <pb pagenum="70"/>anche tempo di attendere à uo&longs;tri altri nego­<lb/>cij. Hora l'ordine compo&longs;itiuo è in&longs;trumen­<lb/>to, come di già è stato detto, di&longs;po&longs;itiuo, il­<lb/>quale adoperiamo à ridurre tutte le co&longs;e al <lb/>&longs;uo principio, & è oppo&longs;to dirittamente al ri­<lb/>&longs;olutiuo: imperoche oue fini&longs;&longs;e il ri&longs;olutiuo, <lb/>iui comincia il compo&longs;itiuo, & camminano <lb/>amendue per li mede&longs;imi paßi. Nel compo­<lb/>&longs;itiuo pare, che tutte le co&longs;e dependino da i <lb/>principij, & nece&longs;&longs;ariamente da quegli na­<lb/>&longs;cano, & di qui ueggiamo chiaramente che <lb/>e&longs;&longs;o compo&longs;itiuo, in altro non è punto differen­<lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg76"></arrow.to.target><lb/>te dal ri&longs;olutiuo che &longs;i &longs;ia il uiaggio da Ro­<lb/>ma à Vinegia, da quello che è da Vinegia à <lb/>Roma; & &longs;i come que&longs;ti due camini &longs;ono per <lb/>una mede&longs;ima strada, ma uno &longs;i parte da un <lb/>luogo, & ua à quello, dal quale &longs;i parte l'al <lb/>tro; co&longs;i doue incomincia la ri&longs;olutione, fini <lb/>&longs;ce la compo&longs;itione, & doue, per il contra­<lb/>rio comincia la compo&longs;itione, iui fini&longs;ce la ri­<lb/>&longs;olutione. Ma accioche &longs;i po&longs;&longs;a uedere aper­<lb/>tamente da' quali principij incomincia la com <lb/>po&longs;itione, ueggiamo di quante &longs;orti di princi­<lb/>pij &longs;i ritrouano, ouero, per dir meglio, co­<lb/>me Ari&longs;totele habbia diui&longs;o i principij, ilqua <lb/>le diceua nel primo libro della po&longs;teriora che <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg77"></arrow.to.target><lb/>molte &longs;ono le &longs;orti de principij, cioè ò &longs;ono <lb/>principij conipleßi, ouero incompleßi, & il <pb pagenum="71"/>comple&longs;&longs;o è come diffinitione, po&longs;itione, &longs;up <lb/>po&longs;itione, & dignità, lequali &longs;ono chiamati <lb/>da gli artefici, theoremi delle arti, & que&longs;ti <lb/>tali principij di nuouo &longs;i di&longs;tinguono: percio­<lb/>che ouero &longs;ono principij dell'e&longs;&longs;ere della co&longs;a di <lb/>che &longs;ono principij, ouero che &longs;ono principij <lb/>della cognitione di e&longs;&longs;a co&longs;a, ouero anco tanto <lb/>&longs;ono principij della cognitione, come dell'e&longs;&longs;e­<lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg78"></arrow.to.target><lb/>re. Ma perche in due modi &longs;i può hauere co­<lb/>gnitioni d'una co&longs;a, ouero per uia de &longs;en&longs;i (& <lb/>que&longs;ta cognitione &longs;i chiama co&longs;i cognitione, in <lb/>quanto à noi, percioche, come ben diceua e&longs;­<lb/>&longs;o Ari&longs;totele, ogni no&longs;tra cognitione ha prin­<lb/>cipio da i &longs;en&longs;i) ouero può anco e&longs;&longs;ere cono&longs;ciu <lb/>ta per uia delle &longs;ue cau&longs;e, & que&longs;ta tale co­<lb/>gnitione è propria della natura, & per tale ra <lb/>gione &longs;i diuidono adunque i principij della co <lb/>gnitione in principij della cognitione in quan­<lb/>to à noi, & in principij della cognitione in <lb/>quanto à e&longs;&longs;a natura. Ma perche &longs;i ritroua­<lb/>no principij, i quali &longs;ono principij della cogni <lb/>tione in quanto à noi, & in quanto alla natu­<lb/>ra, come &longs;ono i principij matematici; quindi <lb/>na&longs;ce che &longs;i pone la terza &longs;pecie. Hora fat­<lb/>ta che noi habbiamo la diui&longs;ione de i principij, <lb/>meglio &longs;arà di tra&longs;correre alla prima no&longs;tra <lb/>intentione, cioè à uedere da quale &longs;orte di <lb/>principij incominci la compo&longs;itione, ouero &longs;e <pb pagenum="72"/>ella incomincia da qualunque &longs;orte indifferen <lb/>temente, ouero da appartati principij. Ma <lb/>per cono&longs;cere que&longs;ta tal co&longs;a, fa bi&longs;ogno di rac <lb/>cordar&longs;i della prima diui&longs;ione della compo&longs;itio <lb/>ne, cioè che la compo&longs;itione è oueramente rea <lb/>le, ò pure compo&longs;itione de i teoremi; & &longs;e pi <lb/>gliamo la reale, dico che incomincia da prin­<lb/>cipij incompleßi, & che &longs;ono principij della <lb/>cognitione, & dell'e&longs;&longs;ere ancora, come beni&longs;­<lb/>&longs;imo nella filo&longs;ofia naturale appare, perche <lb/>ella incomincia dalla materia & forma, liqua <lb/>li &longs;ono principij dell'e&longs;&longs;ere del corpo naturale, <lb/>& &longs;ono etiandio principij della cognitione in <lb/>quanto alla natura; perche chi cono&longs;ce la pro <lb/>pria forma, & la propria materia del corpo <lb/>naturale, cono&longs;ce le &longs;ue cau&longs;e proprie, & chi <lb/>cono&longs;ce le cau&longs;e del corpo naturale ha cognitio <lb/>ne di quello &longs;econdo la natura. Può anco m­<lb/>cominciare la compo&longs;itione reale da principij <lb/>incompleßi, liquali, & &longs;econdo e&longs;&longs;a natura, <lb/>& &longs;econdo noi &longs;aranno principij della cogni­<lb/>tione, & dell'e&longs;&longs;ere ancora, come &longs;i può uede <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg79"></arrow.to.target><lb/>re nelle matematice, nelle quali s'incomincia <lb/>dalla unità, dal punto, & &longs;i uà da que&longs;ti prin <lb/>cipij à compo&longs;ti, cioè alla linea, alla &longs;uper­<lb/>ficie, al corpo triangolare, & &longs;imili. Il me <lb/>de&longs;imo &longs;i può parimente dire della compo&longs;itio­<lb/>ne che &longs;i fa nelle arti, hauendo &longs;olo ri&longs;petto <pb pagenum="73"/>alle co&longs;e, & non a i concetti. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/><lb/>Ò bel modo di trattare. Quello che uoi tra­<lb/>la&longs;cia&longs;te nella diui&longs;ione de i principi, hora lo <lb/>hauete repigliato. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Per due cagio­<lb/>ni fui mo&longs;&longs;o à trala&longs;ciarlo: l'una perche io &longs;a <lb/>peuo che uoi hauendo la diui&longs;ione de i princi­<lb/>pij compleßi hauere&longs;te anco trouata quella de <lb/>gli incompleßi con il uo&longs;tro acuto ingegno: <lb/>l'altra anco per i&longs;pedirmene piu to&longs;to. Hora <lb/>ueniamo alla compo&longs;itione de i teoremi, la­<lb/>quale mede&longs;imamente incomincia co&longs;i nelle ar <lb/>ti, come nelle &longs;cienze, ouero, almeno inco­<lb/>minciare può da qualunque &longs;orte di princi­<lb/>pio, ancora che nell'arte la compo&longs;itione in­<lb/>cominci per lo piu da i principij dell'e&longs;&longs;ere del <lb/>l'arte, & della cognitione in quanto à noi. <lb/>M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Que&longs;ta compo&longs;itione dell'arte in quan <lb/>to à teoremi, io la stimo difficile, co&longs;i nelle <lb/>&longs;cienze, come nelle arti, perche non &longs;o pun­<lb/>to uedere &longs;e alcuno habbia trattato facultà <lb/>alcuna &longs;econdo que&longs;to ordine. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> La <lb/>difficultà non leua la poßibilità, come uoi &longs;a­<lb/>pete, anzi eredo io che non &longs;ia &longs;olo difficile, <lb/>ma difficilißima, perche è grandißima difficul­<lb/>tà à raccorre tutti i teoremi, diffinitioni, & <lb/>finalmente tutti i principij compleßi di una fa­<lb/>cultà. Ma que&longs;to ui ba&longs;ti per hora in quan­<lb/>to &longs;i a&longs;petta a i principij, da quali incomincia <pb pagenum="74"/>la compo&longs;itione, ancorche io &longs;appia che que­<lb/>sta materia haurebbe di bi&longs;ogno d'un lungo <lb/>parlare, ma il tempo non ce lo comporta; & <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg80"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;appiate che la compo&longs;itione &longs;ia ò reale, oue­<lb/>ro fatta dall'intelletto è molto piu difficile nel­<lb/>le arti che nelle &longs;cienze, perche ella è piu na­<lb/>turale che artificiale, percioche la natura i&longs;te&longs;­<lb/>&longs;a l'ha prodotta, &longs;i come le altre &longs;ono pari­<lb/>mente piu artificiali, perche dall'huomo inge­<lb/>gno&longs;o paiono &longs;enza e&longs;&longs;empio e&longs;&longs;ere stati troua <lb/>ti; hor dunque la difficultà della compo&longs;itione <lb/>nelle arti na&longs;ce &longs;pecialmente perche la natura <lb/>ne è stata inuentrice, laquale non incamina <lb/>le co&longs;e per altri ordini che per il compo&longs;itiuo, <lb/>& l'huomo imitando nello &longs;criuere e&longs;&longs;e co&longs;e &longs;e <lb/>gue co&longs;i fatto ordine bene &longs;pe&longs;&longs;o, come nella fi­<lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg81"></arrow.to.target><lb/>lo&longs;ofia naturale fa Ari&longs;totele, ilquale inco­<lb/>mincia dalla materia, forma, & priuatione, <lb/>& primo motore, de' quali egli tratta ne i li­<lb/>bri della fi&longs;ica: dipoi uenne alla &longs;econda na­<lb/>tura, cioè à gli elementi in quanto che &longs;o­<lb/>no parte del mondo, & al &longs;econdo moto <lb/>re, che è il cielo, di che egli tratta ne i libri <lb/>del cielo; d'onde di&longs;cendendo uiene alla terza <lb/>natura, chc &longs;ono gli elementi, in quanto che <lb/>uengono alla mi&longs;tione de' quali tratta ne i li­<lb/>bri della generatione, & corrottione, da' qua <lb/>li principij finalmente &longs;e ne pa&longs;&longs;a poi à princi- <pb pagenum="75"/>piati, piu &longs;emplici, & imperfetti, de' quali <lb/>tratta nelle meteore, & di qui a&longs;cende à piu <lb/>perfetti mi&longs;ti, che &longs;ono i minerali, dipoi &longs;e <lb/>ne uà à piu perfetti, che &longs;ono animati, & que <lb/>ste &longs;ono le piante, dalle quali diuiene à piu <lb/>perfetti ancora, che &longs;ono gli animali irratio­<lb/>nali, & finalmente diuiene all huomo, che tra <lb/>tutti i mi&longs;ti tiene il principato. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Lo­<lb/>dato &longs;ia Iddio, da che noi &longs;iamo il fine delle <lb/>co&longs;e naturali, contra la uoglia di alcuni, che <lb/>pure &longs;i sforzano di mo&longs;trare, che l'huomo è il <lb/>piu imperfetto animale che &longs;i ritroui nel mon­<lb/>do. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Parlo io della &longs;pecie dell'huomo, <lb/>non gia de particolari de' quali parlarono que <lb/>gli, che uoi dite, con i quali anche &longs;ono io. <lb/>Cono&longs;co io de gli huomini à cui pare che di&longs;piac <lb/>cia di e&longs;&longs;ere huomini, & però &longs;i trasformano <lb/>in diuer&longs;i altri animali, à tale che rimangono <lb/>&longs;olo huomini di nome; perche dimenticati di <lb/>e&longs;&longs;ere huomini, altri operano come porci, al­<lb/>tri come lupi, & altri come altri animali, <lb/>& però &longs;ono piu infelici d'ogni &longs;orte d'animali. <lb/>M<emph type="roman"/>OR<emph.end type="roman"/> Di que&longs;ti tali non intendeuo gia io, <lb/>ma d'alcuni altri che hanno uoluto mo&longs;trare <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg82"></arrow.to.target><lb/>dal na&longs;cimento, che l'huomo è il piu imperfet­<lb/>to d'ogni altra &longs;orte d'animali: e&longs;&longs;o na&longs;ce nu­<lb/>do, piagnendo, inetto per lungo tempo à nutrir <lb/>&longs;i & à chiedere il nutrimento, & altre co&longs;e <pb pagenum="76"/>&longs;imili. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Meno niegano que&longs;ti che la &longs;pe <lb/>cie dell'huomo non &longs;ia piu perfetta di quella <lb/>de gli altri animali, benche dimo&longs;trino alcuni <lb/>accidenti d'imperfettione nell'huomo, liquali <lb/>non &longs;i ritrouano ne gli altri animali, percio­<lb/>che la perfettione è &longs;u&longs;tantiale, & non acci­<lb/>dentale. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Mi piace, hor ritorniamo <lb/>al no&longs;tro propo&longs;ito. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Hauemo dato <lb/>l'e&longs;&longs;empio dell'ordine compo&longs;itiuo nella filo&longs;ofia <lb/>naturale, & percio ne re&longs;ta che noi l'applichia <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg83"></arrow.to.target><lb/>mo ancora all'arte medicinale. Incomincia <lb/>adunque l'ordine compo&longs;itiuo nella medicina <lb/>dal fine del filo&longs;ofo, & da que&longs;to ua alla par­<lb/>te di cu&longs;todire la &longs;anità pre&longs;ente, & ri&longs;taura <lb/>re la per&longs;a, & da que&longs;ta uiene à quella, che <lb/>ne dà à cono&longs;cere l'infirmità, & &longs;intomi, & <lb/>di qui partendo tra&longs;corre alla parte de pre&longs;a­<lb/>gi, & &longs;ogni, & finalmente alla curatione, <lb/>& qui &longs;ono per farui auuertito d'una &longs;ola co <lb/>&longs;a, & poi porrò fine à que&longs;ti due ordini. <lb/>Percio l'ordine compo&longs;itiuo è differente da i <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg84"></arrow.to.target><lb/>metodi, percioche l'ord<gap/>&longs;empre incomincia <lb/>da quegli principij, che &longs;ono <gap/>no&longs;ciuti dalla <lb/>natura per primi, &longs;e bene mede&longs;imamente &longs;o­<lb/>no anco cono&longs;ciuti da noi, & il metodo &longs;em­<lb/>pre incomincia da quegli principij che &longs;ono à <lb/>noi prima cono&longs;ciuti, &longs;e bene in&longs;ieme &longs;ono an­<lb/>che cono&longs;ciuti dalla natura. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Que&longs;to <pb pagenum="43"/>è quello, che Ari&longs;totele dice nel primo della <lb/>fi&longs;ica, che la uia, cioè metodo &longs;empre inco­<lb/>mincia dalle co&longs;e, che &longs;ono piu note à noi, & <lb/>l'ordine da quelle che &longs;ono piu note alla natu­<lb/>ra. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> egli è uero, & que&longs;to è quan­<lb/>to mi pare degno di e&longs;&longs;ere con&longs;iderato intorno <lb/>all'ordine compo&longs;itiuo, la&longs;ciando molti e&longs;&longs;em­<lb/>pi, che ui potrei addurre, perche gli hauete <lb/>nella ri&longs;olutione, & percio trapaßiamo al­<lb/>la diffinitione, & di e&longs;&longs;a breuemente parlia <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg85"></arrow.to.target><lb/>mo. L'ordine diffinitiuo adunque, che di&longs;&longs;o­<lb/>lutione, & ri&longs;olutione è chiamato da alcuni <lb/>come appo Galeno &longs;i può uedere nel principio <lb/>dell'arte medicinale, non è altro in &longs;omma che <lb/>uno i&longs;trumento, ilquale noi adoperiamo à di­<lb/>&longs;porre, & riduurre tutte le co&longs;e al mezo; & <lb/>perche nel fare que&longs;to effetto pare che ri&longs;oluia <lb/>mo, & diuidiamo e&longs;&longs;o mezo, che è la diffini­<lb/>tione, da molti è stata chiamata & ri&longs;olutio­<lb/>ne, & diui&longs;ione, & ecco come pare che ri&longs;ol <lb/>uiamo, & diuidiamo la ri&longs;olutione. Pigli&longs;i <lb/>la ca&longs;a per e&longs;&longs;empio, la quale non è altro che <lb/>uno edificio, che guarda (come detto habbia <lb/>mo) & con&longs;erua l'huomo da ogni &longs;orte di of­<lb/>fe&longs;e e&longs;terne, & que&longs;to è il mezo, il quale &longs;i <lb/>&longs;cioglie, & diuide in parti, come &longs;e &longs;i deue <lb/>guardare da pioggia, fa di me&longs;tiero che guar­<lb/>di il tetto. Se da nemici, bi&longs;ogna che habbia <pb pagenum="78"/>le pareti, & que&longs;te pure &longs;i ri&longs;oluono in altre <lb/>parti, à tal che pare apunto che la diffinitio­<lb/>ne &longs;ia ri&longs;olutione del tutto in parte. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/><lb/>Hebbero adunque qualche ragione à doman­<lb/>darla ri&longs;olutione, ouero di&longs;&longs;olutione, ò diui­<lb/>&longs;ione. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Po&longs;&longs;ono e&longs;&longs;ere i&longs;cu&longs;ati, ma non <lb/>gia lodati, perche ueramente deue&longs;i chiama­<lb/>re ordine diffinitiuo. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Quando dite <lb/>che la diffinitione ordina tutte le co&longs;e al mezo, <lb/>intendete alla diffinitione, ouero al definito? <lb/>T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Intendo all'uno, & all'altro, perche <lb/>&longs;e &longs;i riducono alle parti, &longs;i riducono al tutto, <lb/>&longs;e al tutto, anco alle parti: onde non faccia­<lb/>mo capitale à dire piu à uno, che à un' altro, <lb/>purche intendiate che &longs;i cauino tutte le parti <lb/>dalla diffinitione, come &longs;i fanno le linee dal <lb/>centro alla circonferenza. Piu chiaro e&longs;&longs;em­<lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg86"></arrow.to.target><lb/>pio non &longs;i può hauere che da Galeno nell'arte <lb/>medicianle, oue egli dice che la medicina è <lb/>&longs;cienza de corpi &longs;alubri, in&longs;alubri, & neu­<lb/>tri, & diuide poi cia&longs;cuno di que&longs;ti in &longs;egni, <lb/>cau&longs;e, & corpi, & que&longs;ti in parti. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/><lb/>è chiarißimo e&longs;&longs;empio certo, ma non è meno <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg87"></arrow.to.target><lb/>chiaro quello della filo&longs;ofia, cioè la filo&longs;ofia na <lb/>turale è cognitione delle co&longs;e naturali, e&longs;&longs;e &longs;o <lb/>no principij, & principiati, i principij, o che <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg88"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;ono propinqui, ò remoti, ò remotißimi, in­<lb/>principiati, ò &longs;ono perfetti, ò imperfetti, ò <pb pagenum="35"/>animati, ò inanimati; &longs;e animati, ò &longs;en&longs;ibi­<lb/>li, ò in&longs;en&longs;ibili; &longs;e &longs;en&longs;ibili, ò rationali, ò ir­<lb/>rationali, & la maggior parte di eßi in altre <lb/>parti ancora &longs;i po&longs;&longs;ono &longs;membrare, & co&longs;i chia <lb/>ramente &longs;i ottiene l'e&longs;&longs;empio di cio che uoi ha <lb/>uete detto al parer mio. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Et innanzi <lb/>che piu oltre noi paßiamo, deue&longs;i anco auuerti <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg89"></arrow.to.target><lb/>re che la diffinitione, in quanto che è ordine, <lb/>ne &longs;erue à trattare, & ordinare tutta la &longs;cien <lb/>za, cioe à numerare tutti i capi, che tutta la <lb/>facultà in &longs;e steßi comprendono; & con tut­<lb/>to che il proprio &longs;uo &longs;ia di preporre, & ordi <lb/>nare le parti della facultà di che è diffinitione, <lb/>non re&longs;ta però, che ancora &longs;eco non mi apporti <lb/>cognitione anco del diffinito, & che in uniuer <lb/>&longs;ale non mi faccia uedere tutta la facultà, di­<lb/>mo&longs;trandomi come tutto quello che &longs;i tratta <lb/>nell'arte, ouero &longs;cienza di che è diffinitione, ci <lb/>riducono ad e&longs;&longs;a come ad un principio, dal qua <lb/>le ordinatamente ogni co&longs;a depende, ilche non <lb/>auuiene nel metodo diffinitiuo; percioche alla <lb/>diffinitione metodica non &longs;i riferi&longs;cono tutte le <lb/>parti dell'arte, ò &longs;cienza che ne uogliam dire, <lb/>come &longs;i riferi&longs;cono a e&longs;&longs;o ordine diffinitiuo. <lb/>Et percio in que&longs;to &longs;ono tra loro differenti, & <lb/>di qui anche appare come molti &longs;i &longs;ono ingan <lb/>nati, liquali uedendo una parte dell'arte di­<lb/>cbiarata con la diffinitione, hanno creduto che <pb pagenum="36"/>tutta l'arte fo&longs;&longs;e di&longs;po&longs;ta &longs;otto l'ordine diffini­<lb/>tiuo: benche fo&longs;&longs;e trattata &longs;otto l'ordine com­<lb/>po&longs;itiuo, come auuiene nel &longs;econdo della fi&longs;ica <lb/>oue Ari&longs;totele diffini&longs;ce la natura. <gap/>lche ue <lb/>dendo alcuni, &longs;enza pen&longs;are che differenza <lb/>fo&longs;&longs;e tra l'ordine diffinitiuo, & il metodo, <lb/>di&longs;&longs;ero che e&longs;&longs;o Ari&longs;totele nella filo&longs;ofia natu­<lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg90"></arrow.to.target><lb/>rale u&longs;aua l'ordine diffinitiuo. è ancora l'or­<lb/>dine diffinitiuo differente da gli altri ordini, <lb/>come ne gli e&longs;&longs;empi facilmente &longs;i è potuto ue­<lb/>dere, & &longs;e altra differenza non ui fo&longs;&longs;e mai, <lb/>ui è almeno que&longs;ta, che l'ordine compo&longs;itiuo <lb/>ordina tutte le parti della facultà, di che è or <lb/>dine, al &longs;uo principio, & il ri&longs;olutiuo al &longs;uo <lb/>fine, & e&longs;&longs;o diffinitiuo al mezo. è anco diffe­<lb/>rente da gli altri in que&longs;to, perche e&longs;&longs;o inco­<lb/>mincia dalla diffinitione come dal tutto, & ua <lb/>uer&longs;o cia&longs;cuna parte, & particella di e&longs;&longs;o; & <lb/>il compo&longs;itiuo incominciando da i principij re <lb/>motißimi, ua ordinando tutte le parti in&longs;ino <lb/>alle co&longs;e piu ba&longs;&longs;e, & al fine finalmente, & <lb/>la ri&longs;olutione principiando dal fine, ua ordinan <lb/>do a parte a parte in&longs;ino alle parti remotißi­<lb/>me. è parimente differetne e&longs;&longs;o ordine diffini­<lb/>tiuo dal ri&longs;olutiuo, perche è inetto a ritroua­<lb/>re le co&longs;e come è parimente il compo&longs;itiuo, in <lb/>che può molto il ri&longs;olutiuo. Supera anco il <lb/>diffinitiuo il compo&longs;itiuo, perche e&longs;&longs;o co'l &longs;uo <pb pagenum="81"/>diffinire può piu &longs;uccintamente ordinare le fa­<lb/>cultà. Onde adunque potiamo dire che la dif­<lb/>finitione non &longs;ia punto inferiore a gli altri or­<lb/>dini. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Voi certo nel dimo&longs;trare che <lb/>l'ordine diffinitiuo è differente da gli altri ha­<lb/>uete u&longs;ato mirabile artificio, perche in&longs;ieme, <lb/>in&longs;ieme hauete anco dimo&longs;trato le differenze <lb/>che &longs;ono tral ri&longs;olutiuo, & il compo&longs;itiuo. <lb/>T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Dapoi che io ueggio che uoi &longs;iate ca­<lb/>pacißimo & delle diffinitioni de gli ordini, & <lb/>delle loro differenze, & di tutte quelle diffi­<lb/>cultà, che per la cognitione loro da noi &longs;ono <lb/>state prepo&longs;te, porremo hormai fine a gli or­<lb/>dini, la&longs;ciando da parte molti e&longs;&longs;empi, che po <lb/>treßimo addurre, & della diffinitione, & del <lb/>la compo&longs;itione, &longs;i come di gia habbiamo ad­<lb/>dutte della ri&longs;olutione, non uietandoui però <lb/>il chiedere &longs;e in qualche co&longs;a dubitate; Tra­<lb/>&longs;portando dunque il dire de i metodi à un'al­<lb/>tro giorno, andaremo &longs;econdo il no&longs;tro u&longs;o a <lb/>trouare quegli, che ne a&longs;pettano. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/><lb/>La&longs;ciato da parte il ringratiarui con belle pa­<lb/>role, perche io sò quanto uoi &longs;iate inimico del <lb/>le cerimonie, & che ui contentate del buon <lb/>animo, andate che ui farò compagnia, poi <lb/>che hora altro non mi occorre, & &longs;e mi occor <lb/>rerà co&longs;a ueruna chiederouui a baldanza aßi <lb/><gap/>urato dalla immen&longs;a uo&longs;tra corte&longs;ia, & tra <pb pagenum="82"/>tanto starò in e&longs;pettatione de i di&longs;cor&longs;i intor­<lb/>no a i metodi. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Per non tenerui lun <lb/>gamente &longs;u&longs;pe&longs;o, mi ba&longs;ta a&longs;&longs;ai che mi hab­<lb/>biate accompagnato fin qui di fuora, la&longs;cia­<lb/>teui riuedere dimani alla mede&longs;ima hora, che <lb/>delli gradi della no&longs;tra Scala, ò Metodi che ne <lb/>uogliam dire a pieno ragioneremo; et perdona <lb/><gap/>emi che hoggi non po&longs;&longs;o hauerui al &longs;olito me­<lb/>co, percioche debbo ui&longs;itare alcuni, che non uo <lb/>gliono da' &longs;colari e&longs;&longs;er ueduti. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Al <lb/>manco haue&longs;te detto alcune, perche le donne <lb/>s'imaginano lo &longs;colare e&longs;&longs;ere animale fanta&longs;ti­<lb/>co, per la diffinitione che gli hauete aßi­<lb/>gnata uoi altri dottori et però non <lb/>gli introducono uolentieri: <lb/>hora andate pure che <lb/>io non uoglio im <lb/>pedire i <lb/>uo­<lb/>stri negocij. Iddio ui ac­<lb/>compagni. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/><lb/>Et a uoi doni <lb/>ogni con­<lb/>tento. </s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Perche que <lb/>&longs;t' opera &longs;ia <lb/>intitolata <lb/>Scala delle <lb/>&longs;cienze, & <lb/>arti.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Natura del <lb/>la diui&longs;io­<lb/>ne.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>In&longs;trumen <lb/>to delle do <lb/>ttrine onde <lb/>na&longs;ca.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>In&longs;trumen <lb/>to onde de <lb/>penda.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Bi&longs;ogni de <lb/>gli in&longs;tru­<lb/>menti, cir­<lb/>ca alle <expan abbr="&longs;ci&etilde;-ze">&longs;cien­<lb/>ze</expan>.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg6"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Specie de <lb/>gli <expan abbr="in&longs;tru-m&etilde;ti">in&longs;tru­<lb/>menti</expan> quan­<lb/>te &longs;ieno.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg7"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Ordine.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg8"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Metodo.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg9"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Pa&longs;si della <lb/>Scala.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg10"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Ordine, <lb/>quanto &longs;ia <lb/>nce&longs;&longs;ario <gap/><lb/>enel tratta <lb/>delle &longs;cien­<lb/>ze.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg11"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Natura <expan abbr="in-u&etilde;trice">in­<lb/>uentrice</expan> del <lb/>l'ordine.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg12"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Diffinitio­<lb/>ne dell'or­<lb/>dine.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg13"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Ordine pro <lb/>prio, & im <lb/>proprio.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg14"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Ordine uni <lb/>uer&longs;ale.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg15"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Ordine par <lb/>ticolare.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg16"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Altra di&longs;tin <lb/>tione del­<lb/>l'ordine.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg17"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>In clinatio­<lb/>ne e&longs;&longs;entia <lb/>le.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg18"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Inclinatio­<lb/>ne acciden <lb/>tale.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg19"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Ordine e&longs;­<lb/>&longs;entiale è di <lb/>due &longs;orti.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg20"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Metodo <expan abbr="cõ">com</expan> <lb/>tiene ordi­<lb/>ne.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg21"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Diffinitio­<lb/>ne, compo <lb/>pofitione, <lb/>& ri&longs;olutio <lb/>ne, come <lb/>&longs;ieno di&longs;tin <lb/>te.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg22"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Dottrine <lb/>ordinate <lb/>quante &longs;ie­<lb/>no &longs;econ­<lb/>do Galeno.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg23"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Si proua' <lb/>che la dot­<lb/>trina non è <lb/>ordine, & <lb/>che la diffi <lb/>nitione, <expan abbr="cõ">com</expan> <lb/>po&longs;itione <lb/>& ri&longs;olutio <lb/>ne &longs;ono or <lb/>dini, & non <lb/>dottrine.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg24"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Habitudi ­<lb/>ni delle co <lb/>&longs;e.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg25"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Ordine ri <lb/>&longs;olutiuo, <lb/>onde co <lb/>minci.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg26"></margin.target>Ordine <expan abbr="cõ-po&longs;itiuo">con­<lb/>po&longs;itiuo</expan>, & <lb/>diffinitiuo, <lb/>non &longs;ono <lb/>&longs;uperflui <lb/>m<gap/>nece&longs;&longs;a <lb/>rij.</s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg27"></margin.target><expan abbr="Gãbe">Gambe</expan> del <lb/>la Medici <lb/>na.</s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg28"></margin.target>Ordine ri­<lb/>&longs;olutiuo, <lb/>piu utile <lb/>di tutti.</s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg29"></margin.target>L'artefice <lb/>deue e&longs;&longs;er <lb/>imitatore <lb/>della Natu <lb/>ra.</s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg30"></margin.target>La Ri&longs;olu­<lb/>tione è <expan abbr="s&etilde;-pre">sen­<lb/>pre</expan> prima <lb/>de gli ordi <lb/>ni.</s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg31"></margin.target>La co&longs;a &longs;ub <lb/>ordinata <lb/>ad un'altra <lb/>èmen de­<lb/>gna diquel <lb/>la, à che è <lb/>&longs;u bordina <lb/>ta.</s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg32"></margin.target>Che la ri­<lb/>&longs;olutione <lb/>non &longs;ia &longs;ot <lb/>topo&longs;ta al­<lb/>la compo <lb/>&longs;itione, &longs;i <lb/>proua con <lb/>&longs;alde ragio <lb/>ni.</s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg33"></margin.target>Per qual ca <lb/>gione gli <lb/>ordini <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb/>po&longs;&longs;ono e&longs; <lb/>&longs;ere piu di <lb/>tre.</s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg34"></margin.target>E&longs;&longs;empio <lb/>dell'ordine <lb/>ri&longs;olutiuo.</s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg35"></margin.target>E&longs;&longs;empio <lb/>dell'ordi-­<lb/>ne compo <lb/>&longs;itiuo.</s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg36"></margin.target>Ri&longs;olutio­<lb/>ne, che de <lb/>noti.</s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg37"></margin.target><expan abbr="Differ&etilde;za">Differenza</expan> <lb/>tra la ri&longs;o­<lb/>lutione rea <lb/>le, & quel­<lb/>la fatta dal­<lb/>l'intelletto</s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg38"></margin.target>Ri&longs;olution <lb/>propria.</s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg39"></margin.target>Ri&longs;olutio­<lb/>ne impro­<lb/>pria.</s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg40"></margin.target>Differen ­<lb/>za tra la ri­<lb/>&longs;olutione <lb/>propria, & <lb/>perfetta; et <lb/>a imperfet <lb/>ta, & im­<lb/>propria.</s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg41"></margin.target>Ri&longs;olutio­<lb/>ne logica, <lb/>qual &longs;ia.</s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg42"></margin.target>Ri&longs;olutio­<lb/>ni u&longs;ate da <lb/>Galeno, &longs;e <lb/>condo alcu <lb/>ni.</s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg43"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Arte, & mo <lb/>do del me <lb/>dicare, co­<lb/>me s'impa <lb/>rino.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg44"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Fine, che <lb/>co&longs;a &longs;ia.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg45"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Ri&longs;olutio­<lb/>ne di teo­<lb/>remi, on­<lb/>de comin­<lb/>ci.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg46"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Fini dell'ar <lb/>ti.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg47"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Fine in <lb/>quanti mo <lb/>di &longs;i puo <lb/>chiamare, <lb/><expan abbr="&longs;ecõd">&longs;econd</expan> o <lb/>leno.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg48"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Come la <lb/>diffinitio-­<lb/>ne del fine <lb/>conuenga <lb/>alle opera­<lb/>tioni.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg49"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Ri&longs;olutio­<lb/>ne da qual <lb/>&longs;pecie di fi­<lb/>ni comin­<lb/>ci.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg50"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>E&longs;&longs;empio <lb/>dell'ordine <lb/>ri&longs;olutiuo.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg51"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Le &longs;ei co&longs;e <lb/>non natura <lb/>li, quali &longs;ie­<lb/>no.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg52"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Quiui &longs;i ri <lb/>&longs;olue un <lb/>bel dubbio<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg53"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Quante &longs;or <lb/>ti d'ordine <lb/>&longs;i puo con­<lb/>&longs;iderare in <lb/>ogni arte, <lb/>ò &longs;cienza.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg54"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Teoremi <lb/>particolari, <lb/>quali &longs;ieno <lb/>appre&longs;&longs;o <lb/>Auicenna.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg55"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Ordine, <lb/>quando nel <lb/>le co&longs;e non <lb/>è nece&longs;&longs;a-­<lb/>rio.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg56"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Ordine u&longs;a <lb/>to da Ari­<lb/>&longs;totele.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg57"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Per qual <lb/>cau&longs;a Aui­<lb/>cenna, ha <lb/>comincia­<lb/>to da gli e­<lb/>lementi, & <lb/>non da'me <lb/>dicamenti.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg58"></margin.target><lb/><emph type="roman"/>Ri&longs;olutio ­<lb/>ne dellame <lb/>dicina.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg59"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Cau&longs;e ef­<lb/>fettrici del <lb/>la &longs;anità.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg60"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Le &longs;ei'co&longs;e <lb/>non natu­<lb/>rali, con­<lb/>qual ordi­<lb/>ne &longs;i deue­<lb/>no tratta­<lb/>re.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg61"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Sanità co­<lb/>me &longs;i ricu­<lb/>pera.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg62"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Come deb <lb/>biamo fare <lb/>la ri&longs;olutio <lb/>ne, &longs;econ­<lb/>do Ari&longs;to­<lb/>tele.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg63"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Da qual fi­<lb/>ne &longs;i co-­<lb/>minci à ri­<lb/>&longs;oluere, & <lb/>da qual co <lb/>no&longs;cere.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg64"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>E&longs;&longs;empio <lb/>filo&longs;o&longs;ico <lb/>circa alla ri <lb/>&longs;olutione.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg65"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Dialettica, <lb/>con quale <lb/>ordine fu <lb/>trattata da <lb/>Ari&longs;totele.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg66"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Ri&longs;olutio­<lb/>ne del Gra <lb/>matico.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg67"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Ri&longs;olutio­<lb/>ne del Lo­<lb/>gico.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg68"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>in che mo <lb/>do camina <lb/>no in&longs;ie <lb/>me la Diui <lb/>&longs;ione & la <lb/>ri&longs;olutio-­<lb/>ne.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg69"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Diui&longs;ione, <lb/>perche no <lb/>deue e&longs;ler <lb/>po&longs;ta tra <lb/>gli ordini <lb/>uniuer&longs;ali<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg70"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Ri&longs;olutio­<lb/>ne mate­<lb/>matica.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg71"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Proce&longs;&longs;o <lb/>della ri&longs;o­<lb/>lutione.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg72"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Il matema <lb/>tico &longs;i può <lb/>&longs;eruire del <lb/>l'ordine ri <lb/>&longs;olutiuo, <lb/>ma <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> del <lb/>metodo.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg73"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Compo&longs;i­<lb/>tione, di <lb/>quante &longs;pe <lb/>cie &longs;ia.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg74"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Differenza <lb/>trala com­<lb/>po&longs;itione, <lb/>& la ri&longs;olu <lb/>tione.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg75"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Compo&longs;i­<lb/>tione reale <lb/>di quante <lb/>&longs;orti &longs;ia.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg76"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>E&longs;&longs;empio <lb/>della diffe <lb/>renza tra <lb/>l'ordine <expan abbr="cõ">com</expan> <lb/>po&longs;itiuo, et <lb/>il ri&longs;oluti­<lb/>uo.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg77"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Principij, <lb/>di quante <lb/>&longs;ortifieno.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg78"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>In quanti <lb/>modi &longs;i <lb/>può haue­<lb/>re cogni­<lb/>tion d'una <lb/>co&longs;a.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg79"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Pricipij ma <lb/>tematici.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg80"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>La compo <lb/>&longs;itione è <lb/>piu diffici­<lb/>le nelle ar­<lb/>ti, che nel <lb/>le &longs;cienze, <lb/>& perche.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg81"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Ordine te­<lb/>nutoda A­<lb/>ri&longs;totele <lb/>nel dimo­<lb/>&longs;trare la fi­<lb/>lo&longs;ofia na­<lb/>turale.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg82"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Imperfet­<lb/>tione del­<lb/>l'huomo.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg83"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Ordine <expan abbr="cõ">com</expan> <lb/>po&longs;itiuo <lb/><gap/>ella medi <lb/><gap/>ina d'on­<lb/>de comin­<lb/>ci.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg84"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Differenza <lb/>tral'ordine <lb/>compo&longs;iti­<lb/>uo, & il <lb/>metodo.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg85"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Ordine <gap/><lb/>finitiuo <lb/>che co<gap/><emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg86"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Diffinitio­<lb/>ne della <lb/>medicina, <lb/><expan abbr="&longs;ecõdo">&longs;econdo</expan> Ga <lb/>leno.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg87"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Diffinitio­<lb/>ne della fi­<lb/>lo&longs;ofia.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg88"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Co&longs;e natu <lb/>rali qual &longs;ie <lb/>no.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg89"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Diffinitio­<lb/>ne, à che <lb/>co&longs;a &longs;erua<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg90"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Ordine dif <lb/>finitiuo, co <lb/>me differi­<lb/>&longs;ca da gl'al <lb/><gap/>i ordini.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"/>IL FINE DELLA PRIMA <lb/><emph type="roman"/>S<gap/>STIONE.<emph.end type="roman"/><emph.end type="center"/></s> </p> <pb pagenum="83"/> <figure></figure> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"/><emph type="roman"/>DELLA SCALA <lb/>DELLE SCIENZE, <lb/>ET ARTI, <lb/>DIVISA IN QVATTRO SETTIONI,<emph.end type="roman"/><lb/>DALL'ECCELLENTE MEDICO <lb/><emph type="roman"/>& Filo&longs;ofo, Me&longs;&longs;er GREGORIO <lb/>MORELLI. <lb/>SETTION SECONDA. <lb/>INTERLOCVTORI.<emph.end type="roman"/><emph.end type="center"/></s> </p> <figure></figure> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"/><emph type="roman"/>TOMITANO, ET MORELLO.<emph.end type="roman"/><emph.end type="center"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="roman"/>S<emph.end type="roman"/>I<emph type="roman"/>ATE VENVTOA<emph.end type="roman"/><lb/>tempo M<emph type="roman"/>ORELLO<emph.end type="roman"/> mio, <lb/>& apunto quando io pen&longs;a­<lb/>uo intorno alli gradi della no­<lb/>stra Scala, ui &longs;entij doman­<lb/>dare &longs;e io ero in ca&longs;a, & diceuo tra me mede <lb/>&longs;imo &longs;e il Morello hora ueni&longs;&longs;e, potreßimo ap <lb/>plicare gli gradi a i poggi, che di gia diriz­<lb/>zati habbiamo, & a tutta la Scala porre hor <pb pagenum="84"/>mai fine. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Con que&longs;to de&longs;iderio &longs;o­<lb/>no uenuto ancora io, & però &longs;enza indugio <lb/>potrete incominciare quando ui piaccia, che <lb/>tutto cio sta a Voi. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Sedete adun­<lb/>que, & per diruela non mi piace che &longs;carichia <lb/>te uoi, per caricare poi me, ma che ogni uno <lb/>&longs;o&longs;tenga la parte &longs;ua. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Non mi fa­<lb/>rò in dietro quando bi&longs;ognerà, incominciate <lb/>pure. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Gli ordini adunque, che gia <lb/>&longs;ono stati de&longs;critti da noi, furono ritrouati per <lb/>riparare a uno di due bi&longs;ogni delle &longs;cienze; & <lb/>arti, cioè a quello della di&longs;po&longs;itione, & hora <lb/>fa bi&longs;ogno di &longs;atisfare all'altro, che è il di­<lb/>chiarare le co&longs;e o&longs;cure, & fare in modo, che <lb/>&longs;ieno uedute: la qual co&longs;a faremo u&longs;ando gli <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg91"></arrow.to.target><lb/>i&longs;trumenti dichiaratiui, i quali &longs;ono di piu &longs;or <lb/>ti, cioè ò che danno uera &longs;cienza, & fanno <lb/>cono&longs;cere ueramente la co&longs;a, che dichiarano, <lb/>& que&longs;ti &longs;ono da Greci, & Latini chiamati <lb/>Metodi, ouero che ne danno di e&longs;&longs;a una certa <lb/>imperfetta cognitione, & que&longs;ti chiamaremo <lb/>i&longs;trumenti i&longs;perimentali, de' quali parlaremo <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg92"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ultimamente. Il Metodo &longs;i piglia, in molti <lb/>modi, &longs;i come &longs;i può uedere per Ari&longs;totele, <lb/>che lo piglia nel primo te&longs;to della fi&longs;ica per <lb/>ogni &longs;orte di &longs;cienza, & il mede&longs;imo anche <lb/>nella topica &longs;otto que&longs;to nome compre&longs;e tutte <lb/>le arti, dicendo che l'arte che egli hauea tra<gap/> <pb pagenum="85"/>tata ne i libri della topica era &longs;ommamnete <lb/>utile, & qua&longs;i come uia à tutti i metodi, cioè <lb/>à tutte le arti, & &longs;cienze. Galeno ne i libri <lb/>intitulati Del Metodo lo pre&longs;e per l'arte sì, <lb/>& &longs;pecialmente nel nono del Metodo lo pigliò <lb/>per l'arte della logica, nella quale &longs;i trattano <lb/>tutti quei documenii, che &longs;eruono, & reggo <lb/>no tutte le tre operationi dell'intelletto. Hora <lb/>benche &longs;ieno molte parti della logica, alle qua <lb/>li &longs;i potrebbe e&longs;tendere que&longs;to nome, non di­<lb/>meno noi chiamaremo Metodi que&longs;ti quattro <lb/>i&longs;trumenti, cioè ri&longs;olutione, diffinitione, de­<lb/>mo&longs;tratione, & diui&longs;ione, liquali &longs;ono stati <lb/>celebrati, & anche connumerati da Ammo­<lb/>nio nel prohemio di Porfirio; & Platone, che <lb/>douea dir prima, parimente gli conobbe, & <lb/>molto li commendò & in quanta stima li hab <lb/>bia hauuti Galeno uoi lo &longs;apete. Ale&longs;&longs;andro <lb/>Aphrodi&longs;eo ne' libri della Po&longs;teriora fa &longs;imil <lb/>mente mentione di que&longs;ti quattro ordini, tut­<lb/>tauia celebrandogli per utili, & nece&longs;&longs;arij a <lb/>tutte le &longs;cienze. Per tanto pigliare hormai <lb/>potremo il metodo per gli quattro i&longs;trumenti <lb/>gia detti; percioche non e&longs;&longs;endo loro altro <lb/>ehe un certo di&longs;cor&longs;o, cioè uia, per la quale <lb/>di&longs;corre l'intelletto da un termine all'altro; & <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg93"></arrow.to.target><lb/>Metodo nome Greco nel no&longs;tro linguaggio al­<lb/>tro non ri&longs;uona &longs;e non uia, molto e&longs;&longs;o nome <pb pagenum="86"/>conuiene a &longs;udetti i&longs;trumenti: & però ueggia­<lb/>mo che co&longs;a è uia, laquale non pare altro al <lb/>mio parere, che quello &longs;patio che fra due ter­<lb/>mini &longs;i contiene, di modo che è nece&longs;&longs;ario, ò <lb/>che ella &longs;ia diritta, ouero obliqua, & quella <lb/>uia è diritta, che tra due termini è più breue <lb/>che e&longs;&longs;er può, & che è ueduta tutta da qua­<lb/>lunche per e&longs;&longs;a cammina, tanto &longs;e &longs;i ritroua <lb/>nel principio come nel mezo, & come nel fi­<lb/>ne: & la obliqua per il contrario. Onde do <lb/>uendo&longs;i trattare una co&longs;a metodicamente è <lb/>molto piu conueneuole che &longs;ia trattata per uia <lb/>retta, che per obliqua, perche &longs;i come le co­<lb/>&longs;e naturali, &longs;e &longs;ono nello stato &longs;uo proprio &longs;en <lb/>za e&longs;&longs;ere alterate, ouero intricate con altre, <lb/>&longs;empre fanno il &longs;uo moto diritto, ò che a&longs;cen­<lb/>dono, ouero che di&longs;cendono, ne mai faranno <lb/>moto obliquo, &longs;e non &longs;ono, come io dico, <lb/>fuora della propria natura; co&longs;i parimente <lb/>deue studiare colui di fare che di e&longs;&longs;e trat­<lb/>ta, trattandone per una uia, che &longs;ia diritta <lb/>quanto piu e&longs;&longs;er po&longs;&longs;a, laqual co&longs;a non appor <lb/>terà minore commodità à lui di quello che <lb/>apporta il cammino diritto al uiandante. <lb/>Il metodo dunque, co'l quale &longs;i hanno da trat <lb/>tare le facultà è una uia diritta, & non obli­<lb/>qua, ne con piu facilità &longs;i potrebbe trattare <lb/>facultà alcuna, ne parimente con piu breuità, <pb pagenum="87"/>perche, come diceua Euclide, la linea dirit­<lb/>ta è la piu breue che &longs;i po&longs;&longs;a fare tra li due <lb/>termini. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> A talche &longs;e uno uorrà <lb/>de&longs;ciuere co&longs;a alcuna metodicamente la de&longs;cri­<lb/>uerà piu breuemente, piu dirittamente, & <lb/>piu facilmente che &longs;ia poßibile. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Co&longs;i <lb/>è. Li metodi adunque &longs;ono quattro, cioè di­<lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg94"></arrow.to.target><lb/>mo&longs;tratione, diui&longs;ione, diffinitione, & ri&longs;o­<lb/>lutione, i quali in quanto che &longs;eruono alle <lb/>&longs;cienze, & arti, ouero &longs;ono adoperati dal­<lb/>l'artefice; &longs;ono i&longs;trumenti: di modo che dire <lb/>poßiamo, che il metodo dichiaratiuo è in&longs;tru <lb/>mento, che adoperiamo nelle &longs;cienze, & ar­<lb/>ti à uenire in cognitione de i problemi per ac­<lb/>qui&longs;tare di eßi la &longs;cienza camminando &longs;empre <lb/>da una co&longs;a cono&longs;ciuta, a una co&longs;a, che non <lb/>&longs;i cono&longs;ce. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Que&longs;ta è la de&longs;crittione <lb/>del metodo. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Tantè. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Il <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg95"></arrow.to.target><lb/>metodo adunque è da gli ordini differente, <lb/>perche di e&longs;&longs;o ce ne &longs;eruiamo in cono&longs;cere quel <lb/>lo che noi <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> &longs;appiamo per mezo di quello che <lb/>&longs;appiamo; & l'ordine ne &longs;eruiua &longs;olamente a <lb/>di&longs;porre le co&longs;e di gia &longs;apute; & punto non <lb/>u'ingannate quando uoi dite, che inue&longs;tighia­<lb/>mo la co&longs;a, che non &longs;apemo, per mezo della <lb/>co&longs;a che &longs;apemo, percioche dice Ari&longs;totele <lb/>che ogni no&longs;tra cognitione &longs;i fa da una preco­<lb/>gnitione. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Co&longs;i sta. Diuide&longs;i il <pb pagenum="88"/>metodo, come ho gia detto in quattro &longs;pecie. <lb/>M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Innanzi che piu oltre uoi tra&longs;corria <lb/>te, ditemi di gratia a che fine hauete detto <lb/>nella de&longs;crittione del metodo, per acqui&longs;tare <lb/>la &longs;cienza de i problemi, ouero cognitione <lb/>perfetta, immutabile, & certa. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Ac­<lb/>cio fo&longs;&longs;e diui&longs;o il metodo da gli i&longs;trumenti i&longs;pe <lb/>rimentali, perche eßi, come poi diremo, non <lb/>ne danno altro che una certa peritia, ouero <lb/>opinione, & non &longs;cienza, come fanno i me­<lb/>todi. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Bene, ho inte&longs;o e&longs;&longs;a diffinitio <lb/>ne, &longs;eguire à uo&longs;tro bell'agio. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Gia <lb/>dißi, che le &longs;pecie de i metodi &longs;ono quattro, <lb/>& hora ui dimo&longs;trarò che non &longs;ono ne piu ne <lb/>meno, &longs;i con autorità, come anche con ragio <lb/>ne. Ammonio tra Paripatetici Filo&longs;ofo &longs;i­<lb/>gnalato nel prohemio de predicabili, dice e&longs;­<lb/>&longs;erui quattro metodi. Porfirio nel mede&longs;imo <lb/>luogo l'i&longs;te&longs;&longs;o conferma. Ari&longs;totele padre del <lb/>la filo&longs;ofia, & de' filo&longs;ofi nel primo libro del <lb/>l'anima, & in altri luoghi ancora, numerò <lb/>&longs;olamente i quattro gia detti metodi. Con ra <lb/>gione parimente &longs;i puo dimo&longs;trare i metodi <lb/>non e&longs;&longs;ere piu di quattro, ne meno, percio­<lb/>che non e&longs;&longs;endo altro il trattare metodicamen <lb/>te alcuna co&longs;a, che trattarla breuemente, chia <lb/>ramente, & dirittamente, e co&longs;a conuene­<lb/>uole che e&longs;&longs;a &longs;ia dichiarata in quel modo che <pb pagenum="89"/>naturalmente &longs;i ritroua, perche ne piu bre­<lb/>uemente, non potrebbe e&longs;&longs;ere trattata, & di­<lb/>chiarata, ilche e&longs;&longs;endo bi&longs;ogna che li metodi <lb/>&longs;ieno tali, che po&longs;&longs;ano trattare & dimo&longs;tra­<lb/>re, & dichiarare le co&longs;e, come naturalmen­<lb/>te stanno. Qualunque co&longs;a &longs;i puo cono&longs;cere, <lb/>ouero come ella è naturalmente &longs;enza acciden <lb/>ti, ouero in&longs;ieme con gli accidenti &longs;uoi, & per <lb/>&longs;apere la natura di que&longs;ti due, &longs;i &longs;ogliono fa­<lb/>re que&longs;ti quattro que&longs;iti, &longs;i come Ari&longs;totile <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg96"></arrow.to.target><lb/>nel &longs;econdo della Po&longs;teriora ne dimo&longs;tra; due <lb/>cioè della co&longs;a &longs;emplice &longs;enza accidente, che <lb/>&longs;ono &longs;i è, & che co&longs;a è, gli altri due della co <lb/>&longs;a con gli accidenti in&longs;ieme, cioè che &longs;ia co&longs;i, <lb/>& perche &longs;ia co&longs;i. Gli accidenti &longs;ono di due <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg97"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;orti, altri cioè che accompagnano &longs;empre la <lb/>co&longs;a i&longs;te&longs;&longs;a, & altri nò, ma auuengono ad e&longs;­<lb/>&longs;a co&longs;a per qualche cagione e&longs;trin&longs;eca, & di <lb/>que&longs;ti ultimi non parliamo noi, ma di quegli <lb/>che &longs;ono accidenti proprij di e&longs;&longs;a co&longs;a; onde <lb/>quando que&longs;ti accidenti non &longs;ono cono&longs;ciuti, <lb/>che proprij &longs;ieno di quel &longs;uggetto, oue &longs;i ri­<lb/>trouano, fa bi&longs;ogno di hauere uno i&longs;trumento, <lb/>che ne lo dimo&longs;tri, & que&longs;to e la dimo&longs;tratio­<lb/>ne, della quale non ne &longs;eruiamo in altro che <lb/>nel dimo&longs;trare e&longs;&longs;o proprio accidente, ouero <lb/>paßione e&longs;&longs;ere di quel &longs;uggetto, di che egli è <lb/>proprio; ilche fare noi non potiamo &longs;enza la <pb pagenum="90"/> <arrow.to.target n="marg98"></arrow.to.target><lb/>cognitione del &longs;uggetto. Onde fa di me&longs;tieri <lb/>che la natura di e&longs;&longs;o &longs;ia prima cono&longs;ciuta, la <lb/>quale non è altro che materia, & forma; <lb/>percioche alla demo&longs;tratione precede il meto­<lb/>do diffinitiuo, che ne dà il proprio genere, che <lb/>è in uece di materia, & la propria differen­<lb/>za, laquale rappre&longs;enta la propria forma, <lb/>di modo che è nece&longs;&longs;ario chi uuole cono&longs;cere il <lb/>genere proprio, che cono&longs;ca il genere &longs;uperio <lb/>re, cioè generalißimo, ilquale con un'altro <lb/>i&longs;trumento ritrouiamo, che è il metodo ri&longs;olu <lb/>tiuo. Con la diui&longs;ione poi &longs;membriamo e&longs;&longs;o ge <lb/>nere generalißimo nelle &longs;ue parti, per ritro­<lb/>uare il proprio genere della co&longs;a, di che cer­<lb/>chiamo la propria e&longs;&longs;enza, & finalmente la <lb/>propria paßione, di modo che prima adoperia <lb/>mo il metodo ri&longs;olutiuo co'l quale dalle &longs;pecie <lb/>&longs;pecialißime caminiamo al genere generalißi­<lb/>mo, & dal genere generalißimo co'l metodo <lb/>ri&longs;olutiuo di&longs;cendiamo alle &longs;pecie &longs;pecialißime: <lb/>co'l diffinitiuo dichiariamo poi l'e&longs;&longs;enza di e&longs;&longs;a <lb/>&longs;pecie, & co'l demo&longs;tratiuo dimo&longs;triamo le <lb/>proprie paßioni di detta &longs;pecie. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Co'l <lb/>ri&longs;olutiuo adunque trouiamo il genere commu <lb/>ne, come à dire che l'huomo è &longs;u&longs;tanza, & <lb/>con la diui&longs;ione ueniamo in cognitione del piu <lb/>proßimo genere, che &longs;arà che l'huomo è ani­<lb/>male. Determiniamo poi co'l diffinitiuo la <pb pagenum="91"/>natura di e&longs;&longs;o huomo, cioè che &longs;ia animale <lb/>rationale mortale; co'l demo&longs;tratiuo dimo&longs;tria <lb/>mo la paßione, cioè che ri&longs;ibile, è proprio <lb/>dell'huomo. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Ben &longs;apete, & in que&longs;ta <lb/>gui&longs;a hauemo ritrouato dell'huomo quello che <lb/>&longs;i può ritrouare, cioè che co&longs;a &longs;ia, & che &longs;ia <lb/>co&longs;i, & perche &longs;ia co&longs;i, &longs;upponendo che &longs;ia, <lb/>& quello che &longs;i è detto dell'huomo &longs;i può pa­<lb/>rimente applicare a ogni altra co&longs;a, ne piu ne <lb/>meno di quello che di e&longs;&longs;o gia fatto habbiamo. <lb/>& di qui potete anco comprendere che li me­<lb/>todi non po&longs;&longs;ono e&longs;&longs;er piu, ne meno di quat­<lb/>tro, come dimo&longs;trato hauemo. Hora da que­<lb/>ste uniuer&longs;alità dichiarate de i metodi, di&longs;cen <lb/>diamo à particolare dichiaratione, quando pe <lb/>rò ui &longs;ia in piacere. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Anzi de&longs;ide­<lb/>ro &longs;ommamente que&longs;to, & certamente lo ri­<lb/>putarò per &longs;ingolarißimo fauore. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> In­<lb/>cominciaremo adunque dalla demo&longs;tratione, <lb/>come quella che, prima &longs;i offeri&longs;ce all'animo no <lb/>stro, laquale è metodo che adoperiamo per <lb/>uenire da una co&longs;a pale&longs;e, & cono&longs;ciuta in <lb/>cognitione di una, che naturalmente era in­<lb/>gnita, & occulta, cioè la dimo&longs;tratione ne <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg99"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;erue a cono&longs;cere una co&longs;a naturalmente inco­<lb/>gnita co'l mezo però d'una che cono&longs;ceuamo. <lb/>M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Se uoi ne darete l'e&longs;&longs;empio ben che io <lb/>intenda que&longs;ta diffinitione, non dimeno all'ho- <pb pagenum="92"/>ra &longs;arò piu &longs;icuro nell'animo mio. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Ha <lb/>uete pre&longs;cia dell'e&longs;&longs;empio, a&longs;pettate un poco, <lb/>perche bi&longs;ogna prima dichiarare la diffinitio­<lb/>ne, & cauarne quelle differenze, & che di­<lb/>uidono la demo&longs;tratione de gli altri metodi, <lb/>& che anche co&longs;titui&longs;cono le &longs;ue &longs;pecie, & do <lb/>pò que&longs;to, &longs;e ui piacera di&longs;correremo per un <lb/>poco uniuer&longs;almente &longs;opra tutte le &longs;orti de i <lb/>&longs;illogi&longs;mi. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Come &longs;e mi &longs;arà in pia­<lb/>cere, anzi non uoglio piu chiederui a dire co <lb/>&longs;a ueruna, percbe io ueggio che uoi meglio &longs;a <lb/>pete tutto quello, che io de&longs;idero, che non sò <lb/>io ricercarui. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Di gratia non inter­<lb/>rompiamo il no&longs;tro ragionamento con parole <lb/>&longs;uperflue. Quando dico adunque che la de­<lb/>mo&longs;tratione è metodo, a&longs;&longs;egno quale &longs;ia il &longs;uo <lb/>genere proßimo, ilche è tanto come &longs;e io di­<lb/>ce&longs;&longs;e che la demo&longs;tratione è uno i&longs;trumento <lb/>metodico: &longs;ottogiugnemo poi le differenze, <lb/>accioche ella &longs;ia cono&longs;ciuta da gli altri metodi <lb/>&longs;eparata, che &longs;ono, ilquale adoperiamo per <lb/>uenire in cognitione della co&longs;a incognita dalla <lb/>cono&longs;ciuta naturalmente, & qui douete &longs;ape <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg100"></arrow.to.target><lb/>re, per la intelligenza di que&longs;te differenze, <lb/>che la demo&longs;tratione ha tre propo&longs;itioni, del­<lb/>le quali due &longs;i chiamano preme&longs;&longs;e, & una con <lb/>clu&longs;ione: le preme&longs;&longs;e &longs;ono quelle, che innan­<lb/>zi che inducemmo la conclu&longs;ione, cono&longs;ceua- <pb pagenum="93"/>mo, dalle quali ueniamo in cognitione della <lb/>conclu&longs;ione, che era incognita a noi, come a <lb/>dire ogni animale rationale è ri&longs;ibile, ogni huo <lb/>mo è animale rationale: ecco le due preme&longs;&longs;e, <lb/>che &longs;ono cono&longs;ciute, dalle quali ueniamo in co <lb/>gnitione della conclu&longs;ione, che &longs;arà. Adun­<lb/>que l'huomo è ri&longs;ibile. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> In effetto gli <lb/>e&longs;&longs;empi fanno che l'intelletto perfettamente co <lb/>no&longs;ce, fino a que&longs;t'hora io non haueuo inte&longs;o <lb/>per&longs;ettamente la diffinitione della demo&longs;tratio <lb/>ne: mi re&longs;ta di &longs;apere come da que&longs;ta &longs;i po&longs;&longs;a <lb/>no cauare le &longs;pecie della demo&longs;tratione. <lb/>T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Le differenze, come &longs;apete, &longs;ono quel <lb/>le che co&longs;titui&longs;cono le &longs;pecie, però quando di­<lb/>ceuamo che la demo&longs;tratione ne fa cono&longs;cere <lb/>una co&longs;a, che non cono&longs;ceuamo, per mezo di <lb/>una che era cono&longs;ciuta, per le co&longs;e che cono­<lb/>&longs;ceuamo intendeuamo le preme&longs;&longs;e, & per la <lb/>co&longs;a incognita intendeuamo la conclu&longs;ione. Se <lb/>le preme&longs;&longs;e &longs;aranno due; quella demo&longs;tratione <lb/>&longs;i chiamarà &longs;emplicemente demo&longs;tratione, ma <lb/>&longs;e &longs;arà &longs;olo una, dalla cui notitia ueniamo in <lb/>cognitione di e&longs;&longs;a conclu&longs;ione, ella &longs;arà la de­<lb/>mo&longs;tratione, che conduce all'impoßibile, co­<lb/>me quando dicemo, &longs;e non è giornoi, adunque <lb/>è notte, & qui &longs;ono manife&longs;te due &longs;pecie di <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg101"></arrow.to.target><lb/>demo&longs;tratione. Oltra di que&longs;to po&longs;&longs;ono anco <lb/>uariare le demo&longs;trationi per ri&longs;petto della con- <pb pagenum="94"/>clu&longs;ione, perche ella può e&longs;&longs;ere di co&longs;e &longs;impli­<lb/>ci, & di compo&longs;te ancora; & quando &longs;ieno <lb/>co&longs;e &longs;implici, noi hauemo da quelle due que­<lb/>&longs;iti, che &longs;ono che è, & che co&longs;a è, & &longs;e &longs;o­<lb/>no compo&longs;te ne habbiamo due altre, che &longs;ono <lb/>perche &longs;ia, & che &longs;ia co&longs;i. Si che &longs;e uoglia­<lb/>mo dimo&longs;trare &longs;e la co&longs;a è, & che co&longs;a &longs;ia <lb/>adoperiamo una &longs;orte di demo&longs;tratione, laqua <lb/>le chiamano i logici demo&longs;tratione, perche è <lb/>co&longs;i, & que&longs;ta uà da gli effetti alle cau&longs;e. <lb/>Ma &longs;e uogliamo dimo&longs;trare perche la co&longs;a &longs;ia, <lb/>& che &longs;ia co&longs;i adoperiamo quella demo&longs;tratio <lb/>ne, che i logici latini chiamano propter quid, <lb/>& que&longs;ta uà dalle cau&longs;e à i cau&longs;ati laquale, ò <lb/>che è potißima, ouero non potißima; & po­<lb/>tißima quella &longs;olemo chiamare, nella quale <lb/>&longs;ono i principij formali, & conuertibili, non <lb/>potißima quella poi chiamiamo, che di que­<lb/>ste conditioni manca al tutto. Ho uoluto co <lb/>&longs;i breuemente toccarui la diffinitione, & la <lb/>diui&longs;ione della demo&longs;tratione, accioche da que <lb/>ste poche parole ne caua&longs;te una idea, dalla <lb/>quale poi, perche (come ho gia detto) ogni <lb/>no&longs;tra cognitione depende da una precognitio­<lb/>ne, ui conduce&longs;&longs;e alla perfetta notitia della de <lb/>mo&longs;tratione. Però pigliaremo un'alto princi­<lb/>pio, dal quale à parte à parte di&longs;cendendo, <lb/>uerremo al &longs;ine. Hauemo dunque gia detto <pb pagenum="95"/>nel principio del no&longs;tro ragionare che tutte le <lb/>arti, tutte le &longs;cienze, tutti gli i&longs;trumenti &longs;o­<lb/>no stati ritrouati dall'huomo dalla neceßità <lb/>a&longs;tretto percio per e&longs;&longs;ere la demo&longs;tratione an­<lb/>co i&longs;trumento, ella è stata ritrouata per la <lb/>i&longs;te&longs;&longs;a cagione. Diremo hora che l'huomo &longs;i è <lb/>ingegnato di trouare uno i&longs;trumento co'l qua­<lb/>le po&longs;&longs;a mi&longs;urare le co&longs;e, accioche cono&longs;ca qua <lb/>li &longs;ono tra loro uguali, & quali nò: & que­<lb/>sta mi&longs;ura, con che l'intelletto mi&longs;ura le co&longs;e, <lb/>è apunto come quella del muratore, ilquale <lb/>e&longs;&longs;endo richie&longs;to al fare una torre &longs;imile di <lb/>larghezza, & lunghezza d'una gia fatta, <lb/>non potendo egli portare l'una, & l'altra ap­<lb/>pre&longs;&longs;o per uedere l'inequalità, ouero equali­<lb/>tà, da que&longs;to bi&longs;ogno è stato a&longs;tretto à ritro­<lb/>uare un terzo, co'l quale le mi&longs;ura&longs;&longs;e, & que <lb/>sto terzo è la mi&longs;ura, perche, (come bene <lb/>dice euclide) quelle co&longs;e che &longs;ono uguali à un <lb/>terzo, tra loro &longs;ono uguali, & per il contra­<lb/>rio ancora. Co&longs;i parimente ha fatto l'intel­<lb/>letto per potere bene cono&longs;cere le co&longs;e, & que­<lb/>sta mi&longs;ura di e&longs;&longs;o intelletto è chiamata da tut <lb/>ti &longs;illogi&longs;mo, ò dimo&longs;tratione, come di &longs;opra <lb/>noi l'hauemo chiamata, laquale hora noi an­<lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg102"></arrow.to.target><lb/>che nominaremo &longs;illogi&longs;mo. e&longs;&longs;o &longs;illogi&longs;mo ri <lb/>&longs;ulta da tre termini, de' quali due ne &longs;ono que <lb/>gli di che cerchiamo la qualità, ouero inequa- <pb pagenum="96"/>lità, & l'altro è il mezo, ilquale hora appli <lb/>cato à uno de detti termini mi fa cono&longs;cere <lb/>tutto quello che ricercamo di &longs;apere. Il per­<lb/>che per la implicatione che fa e&longs;&longs;o mezo hora <lb/>con una co&longs;a hora con l'altra, & finalmente <lb/>per quella che fanno le i&longs;te&longs;&longs;e co&longs;e tra loro, <lb/>na&longs;ce che tre &longs;ono le implicationi de i &longs;udetti <lb/>tre termini ne i &longs;illogi&longs;mi, lequali &longs;ono chia­<lb/>mate da gli autori prepo&longs;itioni, & percio uo <lb/>lendo cono&longs;cere il &longs;illogi&longs;mo, & l'u&longs;o &longs;uo, bi­<lb/>&longs;ogna cono&longs;cere prima le prepo&longs;itioni, & in­<lb/>nanzi à e&longs;&longs;e bi&longs;ogna cono&longs;cere i termini, che <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg103"></arrow.to.target><lb/>le compongono. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Que&longs;ti termini <lb/>non &longs;ono eglino le uoci &longs;implici? T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> So­<lb/>no e&longs;&longs;e, & po&longs;&longs;ono e&longs;&longs;ere ancora i &longs;emplici con <lb/>cetti dell'intelletto, & dico &longs;emplici concetti, <lb/>perche l'huomo con l'intelletto &longs;olo può u&longs;are <lb/>il &longs;udetto i&longs;trumento &longs;enza che ne mandi uo­<lb/>ce. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Pure come intenderete uoi li <lb/>termini in que&longs;to no&longs;tro parlare? T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> In­<lb/>tenderemo per uoce, perche &longs;otto la uoce &longs;i <lb/>contiene anche il concetto, a tal che parlan­<lb/>do della uoce parlaremo di tutte due. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/><lb/>Seguirebbe adunque che uoi parla&longs;te anche del <lb/>le co&longs;e, perche il concetto è imagine della co­<lb/>&longs;a T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Benißimo, ma però noi non ha­<lb/>ueremo l'occhio alle co&longs;e, ma &longs;olo alle uoci in <lb/>quanto rappre&longs;entano i concetti, & percio <pb pagenum="97"/>dico che la uoce non è altro che un &longs;egno, co'l <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg104"></arrow.to.target><lb/>quale &longs;i manife&longs;ta il concetto, ouero (come be <lb/>ne la diffini&longs;ce Ari&longs;totele) la uoce è un &longs;uono <lb/>dell'animale, cau&longs;ato dalla percußione dell'ae­<lb/>re re&longs;pirato nella canna del polmonc, modifi­<lb/>cata dalla imaginatione per proferire tal uoce <lb/>che mo&longs;tri quello che l'animo ha conceputo. <lb/>M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Que&longs;ta diffinitione conuerrebbe à <lb/>ogni &longs;orte di uoce de gli animali. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/><lb/>Conuerrebbe, ma a&longs;coltate la diui&longs;ione. E&longs;&longs;a <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg105"></arrow.to.target><lb/>uoce &longs;i diuide in &longs;ignificatiua, & non &longs;ignifi­<lb/>catiua: oltra di que&longs;to la &longs;ignificatiua &longs;i di­<lb/>uide in naturalmente &longs;ignificatiua, & in &longs;i­<lb/>gnificatiua &longs;econdo il piacere dell'huomo: non <lb/>&longs;igni&longs;icatiua è quella uoce, che altro non rap­<lb/>pre&longs;enta all'intelletto di chi ode &longs;e non il &longs;uo­<lb/>no, come è il mugire de buoi, l'annitrire de <lb/>caualli. La uoce che naturalmente &longs;ignifica <lb/>è quella che rappre&longs;enta appre&longs;&longs;o tutti &longs;empre <lb/>il mede&longs;imo concetto, come il piagnere del­<lb/>l'huomo, che appo tutti mo&longs;tra tri&longs;tezza. <lb/>La uoce poi che è artificiale, cioè à benepla­<lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg106"></arrow.to.target><lb/>cito dell'huomo, della quale hora intendiamo <lb/>di ragionare, è quella che da una natione è <lb/>po&longs;ta à una co&longs;a, per mezo della quale un'al­<lb/>tra natione non intenderà quella co&longs;a, ma un'al <lb/>tra, ouero niente, perche ella è &longs;econdo il uo­<lb/>lere de gli huomini. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Dimodo che <pb pagenum="98"/>aggiugnendo alla diffinitione que&longs;te due paro­<lb/>le, &longs;ignificatiua, à beneplacito, haueremo la <lb/>diffinitione della uoce di che parliamo. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/><lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg107"></arrow.to.target><lb/>Vero e, & que&longs;ta uoce &longs;i diuide in uoce di pri­<lb/>ma intentione, & di &longs;econda intentione, & <lb/>quella della prima intentione è la uoce che &longs;i­<lb/>gnifica il concetto, ilquale immediatamente <lb/>riceue l'intelletto dalla co&longs;a, come à dire ca­<lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg108"></arrow.to.target><lb/>pra, leone. La uoce, della &longs;econda intentio <lb/>ne è poi quella che &longs;ignifica il concetto della <lb/>mente riceuuto immediatamente non dalla co­<lb/>&longs;a, ma dal modo d'intenderla; percioche l'in <lb/>telletto (per darne e&longs;&longs;empio) poi che ha rice­<lb/>uuto la natura humana &longs;econdo la prima in­<lb/>tentione, paragona que&longs;to primo concetto poi <lb/>à tutti gli huomini, & uedendo che conuiene <lb/>que&longs;to concetto à tutti gli huomini, forma di <lb/>&longs;ubito un concetto di e&longs;&longs;a natura humana, per <lb/>che prima la con&longs;ideraua in &longs;e come partico­<lb/>lare, & dopò il paragone che ha fatto la con­<lb/>&longs;idera in uniuer&longs;ale, il cui concetto lo chia­<lb/>mamo &longs;econda intentione, & le uoci, che rap <lb/>pre&longs;entano e&longs;&longs;a &longs;i chiamano uoci uniuer&longs;ali, ò <lb/>&longs;pecie, ò communi, di che parlando Porfirio <lb/>ne i Predicabili, & Ari&longs;totele nella Topica <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg109"></arrow.to.target><lb/>uol&longs;ero che fo&longs;&longs;ero cinque, cioè Genere, Specie, <lb/>Differenza, Proprio, & Accidente. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/><lb/>et di quali uoci parlaremo noi? T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Del- <pb pagenum="99"/>le uoci della &longs;econda intentione maßimamente, <lb/>lequali, &longs;i come ho detto, &longs;ono cinque, ne sta <lb/>rò à di&longs;correr molto quali &longs;ieno le loro differen <lb/>ze, diffinitioni, ne diui&longs;ioni, pre&longs;upponendo <lb/>che &longs;olo ne ba&longs;ti di hauerui aßignati i luoghi, <lb/>oue amplißimamente potete uedere di que&longs;te <lb/>tutto quello, che &longs;i ricerca alla loro cognitione; <lb/>non tacerò gia di dire perche &longs;ono detti uni­<lb/>uer&longs;ali. L'uniuer&longs;ale è quella uoce, che &longs;i pre <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg110"></arrow.to.target><lb/>dica di piu d'uno, & accio &longs;appiate che co&longs;a <lb/>s'intende per predicare di molti, notare doue <lb/>te, che altro non uuol dire che quello uniuer­<lb/>&longs;ale &longs;i di&longs;tende con la &longs;ua &longs;ignificatione à mol­<lb/>ti, cioè &longs;i contengono &longs;otto quello uniuer&longs;ale <lb/>tutti quelli di che e&longs;&longs;o &longs;i predica; come l'huo­<lb/>mo che è &longs;pecie, &longs;i predica di tutti particolari <lb/>huomini, perche eßi &longs;ono contenuti da lui; <lb/>l'animale che è genere parimente &longs;i predica <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg111"></arrow.to.target><lb/>dell'huomo, cauallo, leone, & altri, perche <lb/>eßi contenendo&longs;i &longs;otto tal genere, po&longs;&longs;ono a uno <lb/>per uno dire io &longs;ono animale; ben poi &longs;ono diffe <lb/>renti tra loro non per il genere, ma per la dif­<lb/>ferenza, perche l'huomo potrà dire a &longs;e ste&longs;&longs;o <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg112"></arrow.to.target><lb/>io &longs;ono animale rationale, & al cauallo tu &longs;ei <lb/>bene animale come io, ma differente da me <lb/>perche non &longs;ei rationale; & ecco che que&longs;ta <lb/>differenza &longs;i predicarà di tutti gli huomini, <lb/>perche con la &longs;ua &longs;ignificatione &longs;i di&longs;tende <pb pagenum="100"/> <arrow.to.target n="marg113"></arrow.to.target><lb/>mede&longs;imamente à tutti. Il proprio è uniuer­<lb/>&longs;ale mede&longs;imamente perche &longs;i predica di tutti <lb/>quegli che &longs;i contengono &longs;otto la &longs;pecie di che è <lb/>proprio, come è ri&longs;ibile di tutti gli huomini. <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg114"></arrow.to.target><lb/>L'accidente ancora è uniner&longs;ale per la mede&longs;i­<lb/>ma ragione. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Se co&longs;i è, &longs;arà<gap/>anco <lb/>uniuer&longs;ale l'indiuiduo, perche anch'e&longs;&longs;o &longs;i pre <lb/>dica di &longs;e mede&longs;imo. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Non può e&longs;&longs;e­<lb/>re que&longs;to, perche in ogni attione, &longs;i pre&longs;up­<lb/>pongono due termini, cioè agente, & patien <lb/>te, & però nella predicatione ui è &longs;empre il <lb/>&longs;uggetto, & il predicato & nell'indiuiduo, <lb/>e&longs;&longs;endo co&longs;i, non ha altro &longs;eco, ma &longs;i sta co&longs;i <lb/>&longs;olo. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Quale adunque &longs;arà il predi­<lb/>cato nella predicatione, quello for&longs;e che &longs;arà <lb/>piu uniuer&longs;ale? T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Quello &longs;arà apunto, <lb/>& il &longs;uggetto &longs;arà il meno uniuer&longs;ale, pure <lb/>auertite, che alle uolte gli accidenti proprij &longs;i <lb/>predicano della &longs;pecie loro, ma non però &longs;ono <lb/>piu uniuer&longs;ali di e&longs;&longs;a, ma &longs;i conuertono con lei, <lb/>à talche potiamo dire, che il predicato è ouero <lb/>piu uniuer&longs;ale, ouero tanto uniuer&longs;ale alme­<lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg115"></arrow.to.target><lb/>no quanto è il &longs;uggetto. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Tutte le <lb/>predicationi fanno&longs;i elle per un mede&longs;imo mo­<lb/>do? T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Non gia, perche &longs;ono alcune <lb/>uoci, che &longs;i predicano di molti &longs;uggetti in quan <lb/>to al nome &longs;olo, come à dire il cane, ilquale <lb/>&longs;i predica del cane terre&longs;tre, del manino, & <pb pagenum="101"/>cele&longs;te &longs;olamente &longs;econdo il nome, & non &longs;e­<lb/>condo la diffinitione, perche eßi non po&longs;&longs;ono <lb/>conu<gap/>nìre in una diffinitione, ma cia&longs;cuno di <lb/>loro ne hanno una appartata. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Eßi <lb/>&longs;ono gli equiuoci d'Ari&longs;totele. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Sono <lb/>li mede&longs;imi, & quegli che lui chiama uniuo­<lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg116"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ci, &longs;ono quelle uoci che &longs;i predicano, & quan <lb/>to al nome, & quanto alla diffinitione de &longs;uoi <lb/>&longs;uggetti, come apunto fanno le cinque uoci <lb/>gia de<gap/>te, però che l'huomo, quanto al nome, <lb/>conuiene à tutti gli huomini, perche tutti &longs;i <lb/>chiamano huomini, & conuiene anche quan­<lb/>to alla diffinitione perche tutti &longs;ono rationali, <lb/>ri&longs;ibili, come egli è. Sonoui alcune altre uo <lb/>ci lequali mede&longs;imamente l'i&longs;te&longs;&longs;o Ari&longs;totele <lb/>chiama denominatiui, perche pigliano il no­<lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg117"></arrow.to.target><lb/>me da altri, come giu&longs;to dalla giu&longs;titia, ol­<lb/>tra à que&longs;ta diui&longs;ione di uoci fa altre diui&longs;io­<lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg118"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ni Ari&longs;totele, ma &longs;pecialmente una &longs;econdo <lb/>le co&longs;e, di che e&longs;&longs;e &longs;ono &longs;egni, perche elle o ue­<lb/>ro che &longs;ignificano &longs;u&longs;tanza, ouero quantità, <lb/>ouero qualità, ò relatione, ouero altre &longs;ei co <lb/>&longs;e che &longs;ono di que&longs;ti quattro compo&longs;te, come <lb/>il luogo, il tempo, che &longs;ono compo&longs;ti & di &longs;u­<lb/>&longs;tanza; & di quantità, l'attione, & la paßione <lb/>che &longs;ono compo&longs;te di &longs;u&longs;tanza, & qualità, il &longs;i <lb/>to, et l'habito, che &longs;ono compo&longs;ti di &longs;u&longs;tanza, et <lb/>relatione. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Et que&longs;ti &longs;ono i predica <lb/>menti d'Ari&longs;totele, ma ditemi di gratia che <pb pagenum="102"/> <arrow.to.target n="marg119"></arrow.to.target><lb/>differenza fate uoi tra predicamento & pre­<lb/>dicato. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Io gli faccio quella diffe­<lb/>renza, che è tra la potenza, & l'atto. <lb/>M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Intendo, &longs;eguite pure &longs;econdo il uo­<lb/>stro ordine. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Fin qui uoi hauete la <lb/>diui&longs;ione delle uoci, lequali &longs;i po&longs;&longs;ono oppor­<lb/>re una con l'altra &longs;econdo alcuni, non che la <lb/>uoce &longs;i opponga alla uoce, ma in quanto che <lb/>&longs;ignificano co&longs;e oppo&longs;ite, & uogliono eßi che <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg120"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;ieno quattro oppo&longs;itioni; una cioè che chia­<lb/>mano contradittioni, & è quando una uoce è <lb/>con negatione, & l'altra &longs;enza negatione, <lb/>cioè l'huomo, non huomo: chiamano anco op <lb/>po&longs;itione contraria quando le uoci &longs;ignificano <lb/>qualità oppo&longs;te, come caldo, & freddo, uo­<lb/>gliono ancora che le uoci &longs;i oppongano &longs;econ­<lb/>do l'habito, & priuatione, & cioè quando <lb/>l'una &longs;ignifica la forma, l'altra la priuatione <lb/>di e&longs;&longs;a forma, &longs;i come la cecità, & il uede­<lb/>re: dicono finalmente che &longs;i oppongono &longs;econ­<lb/>do la relatione, & è quando una uoce &longs;ignifi <lb/>ca il relatiuo, & l'altra il correlatiuo, come <lb/>padre, & figliuolo, &longs;eruo, & padrone. <lb/>Ma io non tengo che que&longs;te &longs;ieno uere oppo­<lb/>&longs;itioni, perche l'oppor&longs;i è un contra&longs;tare, & <lb/>eßi non contra&longs;tano, perche non affermano, <lb/>ne niegano non e&longs;&longs;endo loro ufficio, ma delle <lb/>orationi. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Non &longs;i può anco diuide- <pb pagenum="103"/>re tutte le uoci &longs;olo in due parti, come bene <lb/>ha fatto Ari&longs;totele in nome, & uerbo? <lb/>T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Si può benißimo, & non &longs;enza ca­<lb/>gione fece que&longs;ta diui&longs;ione Ari&longs;totele, perche <lb/>egli uoleua parlare delle propo&longs;itioni, che &longs;o­<lb/>no &longs;olo da nome & uerbo compo&longs;te. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/><lb/>Come? ueggio io che entrano nelle propo&longs;itio­<lb/>ni, & negationi, & congiuntioni, & altre. <lb/>T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Vi entrano, ma &longs;i come entra nella <lb/>compo&longs;itione dell'huomo l'accidente che però <lb/>non è della e&longs;&longs;enza di e&longs;&longs;o huomo, & &longs;e pure <lb/>uolete che la negatione habbia qualche forza <lb/>nella propo&longs;itione, dite che ella l'ha congiun­<lb/>ta co'l predicato. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Et que&longs;to mi ba­<lb/>sta, & di piu ho inte&longs;o da que&longs;to uo&longs;tro par­<lb/>lare, che il uerbo nella propo&longs;itione &longs;arà come <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg121"></arrow.to.target><lb/>il predicato, & il nome come il &longs;uggetto. <lb/>T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> uero è, &longs;e per &longs;orte non ui &longs;ia &longs;e non <lb/>il uerbo & il nome &longs;u&longs;tantiale, come à dire <lb/>l'huomo è. ma anco quando nella oratione ui <lb/>&longs;ono piu nomi, il uerbo &longs;empre &longs;i acco&longs;ta al <lb/>predicato, come à dire l'huomo è giu&longs;to. <lb/>M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Perche il uerbo & il nome &longs;i po&longs;&longs;o­<lb/>no comporre in molti modi, ditemi di gratia, <lb/>può il logico &longs;eruir&longs;i d'ogni &longs;orte di oratione, <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg122"></arrow.to.target><lb/>fatte dal grammatico? T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Solo della <lb/>enunciatione può egli &longs;eruir&longs;i, perche il &longs;uo <lb/>ufficio è &longs;olo di fare i&longs;trumento che &longs;erua ad <pb pagenum="104"/>inue&longs;tigare, & affirmare la uerità, & rifiu­<lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg123"></arrow.to.target><lb/>tare la fal&longs;ità; & però &longs;i &longs;erue &longs;olo della enun <lb/>tiatione, laquale è compo&longs;ta & di nome, & <lb/>di uerbo, & non di qualunque ca&longs;o di nome, <lb/>ma del retto &longs;olo, non di qualunque modo, <lb/>ouero tempo del uerbo, ma &longs;olo del modo in­<lb/>dicatiuo, & del tempo pre&longs;ente pa&longs;&longs;ato, & <lb/>futuro, &longs;i che hauete da che &longs;i componga la <lb/>enuntiatione, laquale non è altro che una ora <lb/>tione, ò parlamento che d'una co&longs;a afferma, <lb/>ouero niega, & per non gittare uia tempo in <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg124"></arrow.to.target><lb/>darno ecco la diui&longs;ione della enunciatione. <lb/>prima o ella è affermatiua, ò negatiua: affer <lb/>matiua è quella che afferma il predicato e&longs;&longs;e­<lb/>re nel &longs;uggetto, come à dire l'huomo è buono, <lb/>ecco che la bontà è nell'huomo: la negatione è <lb/>quella che rimuoue e&longs;&longs;o predicato dal &longs;ugget­<lb/>to come à dire, l'huomo non è buono. cia&longs;cu­<lb/>na di que&longs;te &longs;pecie po&longs;&longs;ono e&longs;&longs;ere uniuer&longs;ali, <lb/>ouero particolari, ouero infinita ouero &longs;ingo­<lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg125"></arrow.to.target><lb/>lari la enunciatione uniuer&longs;ale è quella che <lb/>ouero uniuer&longs;almente afferma, ouero uniuer­<lb/>&longs;almente rimuoue il predicato dal &longs;uggetto, <lb/>la particalare è ancor quella che particolar­<lb/>mente afferma, ouero niega l'i&longs;te&longs;&longs;o predicato <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg126"></arrow.to.target><lb/>e&longs;&longs;ere nel &longs;uggetto. La inde&longs;inita enunciatione <lb/>è quella che da qualche &longs;uggetto uniuer&longs;ale <lb/>non uniuer&longs;almente, ouero particolarmente <pb pagenum="105"/>rimuoue il predicato, ouero lo niega, & di <lb/>que&longs;ta ue ne do e&longs;&longs;empio, perche è un poco piu <lb/>o&longs;cura delle altre, come, l'huomo è animale, <lb/>ecco che non ui è &longs;egno uniuer&longs;ale, ne partico <lb/>lare, & però &longs;i chiama indefinita. Hora <lb/>cia&longs;cuna di que&longs;te propo&longs;itioni, ouero che &longs;a­<lb/>rà del primo adiacente, ouero del &longs;econdo, & <lb/>chiamaremo prepo&longs;itioni del primo adiacente, <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg127"></arrow.to.target><lb/>lequali &longs;olamente &longs;ono d'un nome, & d'un uer <lb/>bo, come à dirt l'huomo è, l'huomo non è, <lb/>& quelle dico e&longs;&longs;ere del &longs;econdo adiacente, <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg128"></arrow.to.target><lb/>nelle quali &longs;ono due nomi, & un uerbo, come <lb/>l'huomo è giu&longs;to, l'huomo non è giu&longs;to, à tal <lb/>che quelle del primo adiacento &longs;olamente affer <lb/>mano il &longs;uggetto e&longs;&longs;ere, ò non e&longs;&longs;ere, ma quel <lb/>le del &longs;econdo non affermano il &longs;uggetto e&longs;&longs;e­<lb/>re, ma la paßione, ouero predicato e&longs;&longs;ere in <lb/>e&longs;&longs;o &longs;uggetto, come apparene gli e&longs;&longs;empi dati, <lb/>Di nuouo tutte que&longs;te propo&longs;itioni &longs;i po&longs;&longs;ono <lb/>treplicare, per ri&longs;petto del uerbo, ilquale può <lb/>e&longs;&longs;ere pre&longs;ente, pa&longs;&longs;ato, & futuro, & que­<lb/>ste propo&longs;itioni &longs;ono chiamate da latini, propo <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg129"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;itioni de ine&longs;&longs;e; cia&longs;cuna delle quali di nuouo <lb/>potrà e&longs;&longs;ere quadruplicata, & in que&longs;ta qua­<lb/>druplicatione mutano il nome, perche di pro­<lb/>po&longs;itioni de ine&longs;&longs;e che &longs;i chiamauano, &longs;i chia­<lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg130"></arrow.to.target><lb/>maranno propo&longs;itioni modali, perche cia&longs;cu­<lb/>na di loro potrà hauere cia&longs;cuno di que&longs;ti <pb pagenum="106"/>quattro modi, cioè nece&longs;&longs;ario, poßibile, im­<lb/>poßibile, & contingente, come à dire nece&longs;&longs;a <lb/>riamente l'huomo è giu&longs;to, ouero non nece&longs;&longs;a­<lb/>riamente l'huomo è giu&longs;to, & co&longs;i delle altre. <lb/>Vltimamente ogni una, co&longs;i quelle de ine&longs;&longs;e, <lb/>come le modali po&longs;&longs;ono e&longs;&longs;ere triplicate, per <lb/>ri&longs;petto delle tre materie, cioè nece&longs;&longs;aria, con­<lb/>tingente, & remota, come per e&longs;&longs;empio, l'huo­<lb/>mo è animale, l'huomo è bianco, l'huomo è <lb/>un &longs;a&longs;&longs;o. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Que&longs;to numero di prepo&longs;i­<lb/>tioni &longs;arà qua&longs;i infinito. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Hauete <lb/>parlato bene à dire qua&longs;i, accioche udita l'al <lb/>tra parte delle prepo&longs;itioni potiate dire infini­<lb/>ta a&longs;&longs;olutamente. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Che adunque, <lb/>ue ne &longs;ono ancora. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Altrettante ue <lb/>ne &longs;ono, perche cia&longs;cuna delle &longs;udette po&longs;&longs;ono <lb/>e&longs;&longs;ere prononciate con conditione, & di&longs;giun­<lb/>tione, non affermando, &longs;i come fanno le pa&longs;­<lb/>&longs;ate la co&longs;a e&longs;&longs;ere, ouero non e&longs;&longs;ere, & que­<lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg131"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ste &longs;ono chiamate hipotetice propo&longs;itioni, cioè <lb/>propo&longs;itioni conditionate, come à dire &longs;e è <lb/>giorno egli è luce, &longs;e egli è buon huomo, è an <lb/>che giu&longs;to: & que&longs;te quantunque &longs;ieno in po <lb/>co u&longs;o, &longs;i po&longs;&longs;ono nondimeno uariare in molti <lb/>modi, perche ouero che &longs;aranno di&longs;giunte, co <lb/>me à dire è l'A, ouero la B. po&longs;&longs;ono e&longs;&longs;ere <lb/>conditionali ancora, & que&longs;te ouero &longs;aranno <lb/>&longs;emplici, ouero compo&longs;te, le &longs;emplici come &longs;e è <pb pagenum="107"/>l'A, è anco la B; le compo&longs;te ancora &longs;i diui <lb/>dono & ouero &longs;aranno con una conditione, <lb/>ouero con due, con due conditioni, come &longs;e è <lb/>l'A, & &longs;e è la B, è anco la C. con una &longs;o­<lb/>la, come &longs;e è l'A, &longs;arà la B, & la C. <gap/><lb/>M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Mi diceuate che ne rimaneua la me <lb/>tà da connumerare, & per quello che io po&longs;&longs;o <lb/>comprendere da que&longs;ta diui&longs;ione &longs;i po&longs;&longs;ono due <lb/>uolte triplicare. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Il mio non fu erro­<lb/>re, perche io non ui dißi co&longs;i per affermarui <lb/>il numero delle propo&longs;itioni, che mi re&longs;taua, <lb/>ma per ri&longs;pondere à uoi che diceuate che era­<lb/>no qua&longs;i infinite; ma intorno à que&longs;ti douete <lb/>notare, perche hauemo detto che non afferma <lb/>no, ne niegano &longs;e non conditionatamente, che <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e cono&longs;cerete affermare, ouero negare dalla <lb/>con&longs;equentia loro, perche &longs;e la con&longs;equenza <lb/>affermarà qualche co&longs;a, uoi direte e&longs;&longs;ere affer <lb/>matiue, & &longs;e anco negarà, uoi direte e&longs;&longs;ere <lb/>negatiue. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Que&longs;te propo&longs;itioni con­<lb/>ditionali però hanno i mede&longs;imi termini, che <lb/>hanno quelle de ine&longs;&longs;e, & le modali, ma &longs;olo <lb/>&longs;ono differenti per la conditione, ouero di&longs;iun <lb/>tione, che &longs;e li aggiungono. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Ne <lb/>piu ne meno è di quello che uoi dite, & qui <lb/>fini&longs;ce la diui&longs;ione delle propo&longs;itioni, & &longs;e ui <lb/>pare&longs;&longs;e intorno à e&longs;&longs;a diui&longs;ione qualche diffi­<lb/>cultà, perche io, per breuità, non ne ho dato <pb pagenum="108"/>di tutte l'e&longs;&longs;empio, &longs;e non uolete chiedere à <lb/>me ricorrete intorno à Boetio, ilquale di tutte <lb/>le propo&longs;itioni ha parlato, ma e&longs;qui&longs;itißima­<lb/>mente delle hippotetice. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Per ho<gap/>a <lb/>pare à me che io ne &longs;ia capacißimo, ne dubito <lb/>punto che con que&longs;ta idea, che io ho nellamen <lb/>ie, non ritroua il numero di tutte le propo&longs;itio <lb/>ni. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Hor ba&longs;ta, poi che le hauete <lb/>co&longs;i bene inte&longs;e, annotate alcune co&longs;e in uni­<lb/>uer&longs;ale intorno ad e&longs;&longs;e propo&longs;itioni, ne uerre­<lb/>mo à dire del Sillogi&longs;mo, & finalmente della <lb/>demo&longs;tratione, come è stato in&longs;ino da princi­<lb/>pio propo&longs;to. La prima co&longs;a che uoglio che <lb/>noi annotiamo è la oppo&longs;itione delle propo&longs;itio <lb/>ni, perche, &longs;e bene io mi raccordo, parlan­<lb/>do delle uoci, diceuo che elleno non &longs;i oppon­<lb/>gono ueramente, ma che è proprio delle pro­<lb/>po&longs;itioni; però douiamo &longs;apere, che la propo­<lb/>&longs;itione uniuer&longs;ale affermatiua, & la uniuer­<lb/>&longs;ale negatiua d'uno i&longs;te&longs;&longs;o &longs;ogetto, & predica <lb/>to, & conle mede&longs;ime altre conditioni, po­<lb/>ste all incontro &longs;ono contrarie, ne po&longs;&longs;ono e&longs;&longs;e­<lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg132"></arrow.to.target><lb/>re in&longs;ieme mai uere, &longs;ia mò in quale &longs;i uoglia <lb/>&longs;orte di propo&longs;itioni, po&longs;&longs;ono bene e&longs;&longs;ere l'una <lb/>uera, & l'altra fal&longs;a, oueramente amendue <lb/>fal&longs;e, & &longs;e l'affermatiua uniuer&longs;ale, &longs;arà al­<lb/>l'incontro della particolare negatiua, con le <lb/>&longs;opradctte conditioni, ilche intenderò in ogni <pb pagenum="109"/>&longs;orte di oppo&longs;itione, dico che &longs;aranno contra­<lb/>dittorie, come &longs;ara anco &longs;e la negatiua uniuer <lb/>&longs;ale &longs;i oppone alla particolare negatiua, le­<lb/>quali mai non po&longs;&longs;ono e&longs;&longs;ere amendue ue­<lb/>re, ò fal&longs;e in&longs;ieme, ma l'una uera, & <lb/>l'altra fal&longs;a; ma &longs;e per ca&longs;o ancora metteßi­<lb/>mo due particolari all incontro, l'una afferma <lb/>tiua, & l'altra negatiua, dire dobbiamo che <lb/>que&longs;ta oppo&longs;itione è &longs;ubcontraria, la cui leg­<lb/>ge è che poßino e&longs;&longs;ere in&longs;ieme uere, ma non <lb/>fal&longs;e. Poßiamo fare un'altra implicatione, <lb/>cioè confrontare la uniuer&longs;ale affermatiua con <lb/>la particolare affermatiua, ouero la uniuer&longs;a <lb/>lc negatiua, con la particolare negatiua, & <lb/>que&longs;te complicationi le chiamaremo &longs;ubalter­<lb/>ne, non per altro, &longs;e non perche la particola­<lb/>re è &longs;ottopo&longs;ta alla uniuer&longs;ale, nella i&longs;te&longs;&longs;a <lb/>&longs;orte parlando, & que&longs;ta legge è che &longs;e le <lb/>uniuer&longs;ali &longs;ono uere, tali &longs;aranno anche le <lb/>particolari, & il &longs;imile intenderemo delle fal­<lb/>&longs;e, ma non per il contrario, cioè la uerità <lb/>della particolare, ò fal&longs;ità non farà la uni­<lb/>uer&longs;ale uera, ò fal&longs;a. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Che oppo&longs;i­<lb/>tione &longs;arà &longs;e due &longs;ingolari propo&longs;itioni l'una <lb/>affermatiua, & l'altra negatiua &longs;arà all'in­<lb/>contro, non &longs;arà ella propo&longs;itione contradit­<lb/>toria? T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Co&longs;i &longs;arà, & que&longs;to ne ba&longs;ti <lb/>circa le oppo&longs;itioni. Et perche &longs;i &longs;uol dire <pb pagenum="110"/>che dalla guerra &longs;i uiene alla pace, uenia­<lb/>mo noi dalla oppo&longs;itione delle propo&longs;itioni alla <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg133"></arrow.to.target><lb/>conuer&longs;ione di e&longs;&longs;e. Però la propo&longs;itione uni­<lb/>uer&longs;ale negatiua &longs;i conuerte in &longs;e &longs;te&longs;&longs;a, co­<lb/>me &longs;arebbe à dire &longs;e glie uero che ne&longs;&longs;una <lb/>A, non è la B, &longs;arà anco uero à dire, che <lb/>ne&longs;&longs;una B, &longs;ia per A. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Si dirà dun­<lb/>que le propo&longs;itioni conuertir&longs;e in &longs;e &longs;te&longs;&longs;e <lb/>ogni uolta che &longs;eruata la qualità, & quan­<lb/>tità &longs;i mutano &longs;olamente i termini. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/><lb/>Sarà & &longs;i chiamerà &longs;emplice conuer&longs;ione. <lb/>M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> La propo&longs;itione uniuer&longs;ale afferma­<lb/>tiua in che &longs;i conuertirà? T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Si con­<lb/>uertirà in una particolare affermatiua, co­<lb/>me &longs;e è uero che ogni A, &longs;ia B, &longs;arà a<gap/>co <lb/>uero che qualche B; &longs;arà A. & que&longs;ta con­<lb/>uer&longs;ione chiamano gli autori conuer&longs;ione per <lb/>accidente. La particolare affermatiua ella <lb/>&longs;i conuerte in &longs;e ste&longs;&longs;a nel mede&longs;imo modo <lb/>che fa la uniuer&longs;ale negatiua. La particola­<lb/>re negatiua, ella non &longs;i conuerte, & que&longs;te <lb/>conuer&longs;ioni &longs;i debbono intendere in materia <lb/>nece&longs;&longs;aria maßimamente, & que&longs;te &longs;ono le <lb/>conuer&longs;ioni delle propo&longs;itioni, dico delle pro­<lb/>po&longs;itioni, percioche ne i &longs;illogi&longs;mi come ue­<lb/>deremo, oltra que&longs;te &longs;e ne fanno delle altre, <lb/>cioè &longs;i fa la conuer&longs;ione dell'impoßibile, & <lb/>&longs;i muta anco la maggiore in minore, & la <pb pagenum="111"/>minore in maggiore, &longs;i come poi commo­<lb/>damente uederemo al &longs;uo proprio luogo. <lb/>M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Per non interrompere il uo&longs;tro pa&longs;­<lb/>&longs;ato ragionamento, ho uoluto ri&longs;eruare fino <lb/>à que&longs;t'hora una dubitatione, laquale hora <lb/>ui dirò, poiche ui ueggio uolere &longs;alire à &longs;il­<lb/>logi&longs;mi. Hauete detto che le conditioni della <lb/>&longs;ingolare negatiua, & affermatiua &longs;ono che <lb/>di neceßità l'una &longs;ia uera, & l'altra fal&longs;a, <lb/>& &longs;e egli è uero, come &longs;arà alcuna propo­<lb/>&longs;itione contingente? T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Io ho detto che <lb/>que&longs;te due propo&longs;itioni &longs;eruano le condittioni <lb/>delle contradittorie cioè che nel tempo futuro <lb/>(perche ne gli altri tempi non è dubbio) ne­<lb/>ce&longs;&longs;ariamente ne &longs;arà una uera, & l'altra <lb/>fal&longs;a, & quale mò di que&longs;te due habbia da <lb/>e&longs;&longs;er uera, dico che affermare non &longs;i può, & <lb/>però sta benißimo in&longs;ieme, che di que&longs;te pro­<lb/>po&longs;itioni l'una nece&longs;&longs;ariamente habbia da e&longs;&longs;er <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg134"></arrow.to.target><lb/>uera, & l'altra fal&longs;a, & che &longs;ieno uere, ò <lb/>fal&longs;e conting entemente: perche &longs;e le con&longs;ide­<lb/>riamo amendue in&longs;ieme; cioè in &longs;en&longs;o compo­<lb/>sto, come dicono i logici, dico che nece&longs;&longs;aria­<lb/>mente l'una &longs;aria uera, & l'altra fal&longs;a, ma <lb/>&longs;e le con&longs;ideriamo &longs;eparate in &longs;en&longs;o diui&longs;o, al­<lb/>l'hora dico che non hanno alcuna neceßità, pe <lb/>rò che &longs;e noi diremo, domani &longs;arà guerra, non <lb/>è nece&longs;&longs;ario che &longs;ia, ò che non &longs;ia, & il &longs;imi- <pb pagenum="112"/>le &longs;arà della &longs;ua negatiua: ma &longs;e diremo do­<lb/>mani &longs;arà guerra, domani non &longs;arà guerra, <lb/>dico che nece&longs;&longs;ariamente l'una &longs;arà uera, & <lb/>l'altra fal&longs;a, & que&longs;ta mede&longs;ima &longs;olutione <lb/>diede Ari&longs;totele à gli Stoici, che teneuano tut <lb/>te le co&longs;e auuenire nece&longs;&longs;ariamente. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/><lb/>Mi occorrono bene ancora delle altre difficul­<lb/>tà, ma con&longs;idero che non hanno qui il proprio <lb/>luogo ma ui &longs;arà tempo un'altra uolta con <lb/>maggiore commodità, & però &longs;eguite pure lo <lb/>intento uo&longs;tro. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> è luogo, & tempo <lb/>quando uoi uolete, ma poi che co&longs;i ui piace <lb/>me ne uengo al &longs;illogi&longs;mo di lungo, intorno al <lb/>quale prima &longs;apere douete, che e&longs;&longs;o è di tante <lb/>&longs;pecie, di quante &longs;ono le propo&longs;itioni, perche <lb/>da quelle è compo&longs;to; ma per non andare mol <lb/>to in lungo, parlaremo in uniuer&longs;ale di e&longs;&longs;o &longs;il <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg135"></arrow.to.target><lb/>logi&longs;mo, & poi &longs;correremo alle particolarità <lb/>&longs;e il tempo nel concederà. Il &longs;illogi&longs;mo adun <lb/>que, è un parlare nel quale e&longs;&longs;endo po&longs;te due <lb/>propo&longs;itioni, ne ri&longs;ulta un'altra differente dal <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg136"></arrow.to.target><lb/>le po&longs;te, come à dire l'A, è la B, la C, è la <lb/>A, adunque la C, è la B. & e&longs;&longs;o &longs;illogi&longs;mo <lb/>&longs;i può con&longs;iderare in due modi, ouero in ri­<lb/>&longs;petto della &longs;ua forma, ouero in ri&longs;petto della <lb/>materia. Con&longs;ideramolo dunque in quanto al <lb/>la &longs;ua forma, perche tutte le &longs;orti de &longs;illo­<lb/>gi&longs;mi conuengono nella forma, ma per ri&longs;petto <pb pagenum="113"/>della materia &longs;ono diuer&longs;e, come intenderete <lb/>poi. Diuide&longs;i dunque il &longs;illogi&longs;mo in ri&longs;petto <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg137"></arrow.to.target><lb/>della forma in &longs;illogi&longs;mo perfetto, & imper­<lb/>fetto: il perfetto è quello, che non ha di bi&longs;o <lb/>gno dell'altrui aiuto à prouare la propo&longs;itione, <lb/>che intende di prouare, & l'imperfetto è quel <lb/>lo che ha di bi&longs;ogno del perfetto, per uenire al <lb/>l'intento &longs;uo. In genere tre &longs;ono le figure, ò <lb/>forme de &longs;illogi&longs;mi. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Perche co&longs;itre, <lb/>& non piu, ò meno? T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Per que&longs;to. <lb/>Voi &longs;apete, ò almeno &longs;apere douete che ogni <lb/>&longs;illogi&longs;mo ha tre termini, de' quali uno &longs;i chia­<lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg138"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ma mezo termine. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Perche co&longs;ime­<lb/>zo termine? T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Perche è il mezo co'l <lb/>quale &longs;i congiungono gli altri due, ouero &longs;i <lb/>di&longs;giungono, & è la mi&longs;ura, la quale fa co­<lb/>no&longs;cere la equalità de gli altri termini, de' <lb/>quali uno &longs;i chiama maggiore E&longs;tremità, & <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg139"></arrow.to.target><lb/>l'altro minore E&longs;tremità. La maggiore e&longs;tre­<lb/>mità è quel termine che è piu uniuer&longs;ale fuo­<lb/>ra del mezo, & la minore, è il minor termi­<lb/>ne; & da qui na&longs;ce anco che tre &longs;ono le pro­<lb/>po&longs;itioni, delle quali due &longs;ono denominate dal <lb/>li due predetti termini, cioè quella, oue è la <lb/>maggiore e&longs;tremità è detta maggiore, & quel <lb/>la oue è la minore è detta minore, & quella <lb/>che ri&longs;ulta da que&longs;te due è detta conclu&longs;ione. <lb/>Hora que&longs;ti tre termini &longs;ono ouero predicati, <pb pagenum="114"/>ouero &longs;uggetti, perche come hauemo detto, <lb/>la propo&longs;itione non co&longs;ta d'altri termini, che <lb/>di predicato, & &longs;uggetto. onde dalla diuer­<lb/>&longs;a implicatione di que&longs;ta, ne na&longs;ce la diuer&longs;i­<lb/>tà de &longs;illogi&longs;mi, perche quel termine che &longs;arà <lb/>&longs;uggetto nella maggiore, &longs;arà poi predicato <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg140"></arrow.to.target><lb/>nella minore, d'onde na&longs;ce la prima figura: <lb/>laquale è forma del &longs;illogi&longs;mo perfetto, per e&longs;­<lb/>&longs;er ella perfettißima, ouero anco il termine, <lb/>che &longs;arà &longs;uggetto nella maggiore, &longs;arà anco <lb/>&longs;uggetto nella minore, & di qui na&longs;ce la &longs;e­<lb/>conda figura, ouero che il predicato nella mag <lb/>giore &longs;arà anco predicato nella minore, & <lb/>que&longs;ta &longs;arà la terza figura, ne &longs;i deue ammet <lb/>tere l'altra implicatione, & per que&longs;to non &longs;i <lb/>ammetta la quarta figura, come hanno uolu­<lb/>to alcuni; perche &longs;arebbe figura inutilißima. <lb/>Hora cia&longs;cuna di que&longs;te figure ha diuer&longs;i gra­<lb/>di, per ri&longs;petto che quattro &longs;ono le prepo&longs;itio­<lb/>ni, che po&longs;&longs;ono e&longs;&longs;ere approuate in cia&longs;cuna &longs;i <lb/>gura, & oltra di que&longs;to, po&longs;&longs;ono e&longs;&longs;er prouate <lb/>nella &longs;econda & nella terza in diuer&longs;i modi, <lb/>onde ne na&longs;cono diuer&longs;e propo&longs;itioni. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/><lb/>Que&longs;te propo&longs;itioni &longs;ono quattro, cioè, uniuer <lb/>&longs;ale affermatiua, uniuer&longs;ale negatina, parti­<lb/>colare affermatiua, & particolare negatiua <lb/>parimente. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Tante &longs;ono, & notate <lb/>che ilogici &longs;i hanno imaginate certe uoci uni- <pb pagenum="115"/>uer&longs;ali, lequali contengono tutte le regole de <lb/>igradi de &longs;illogi&longs;mi d'ogni &longs;orte, & il primo <lb/>grado della prima figura. Si contiene &longs;otto <lb/>que&longs;to nome di Barbara, ma accio intendiate <lb/>l'artificio di que&longs;ta parola, notate che in ogni <lb/>parola &longs;i ritrouano tre &longs;orti di lettere, quattro <lb/>uocali, cioè, à, e, i, o, lequali mi dimo­<lb/>strano la quantità, & qualità delle prepo&longs;itio, <lb/>ni, onde doue &longs;arà, à, &longs;arà &longs;empre la propo­<lb/>&longs;itione uniuer&longs;ale affermatiua; doue &longs;arà, è, <lb/>&longs;empre la propo&longs;itione &longs;arà uniuer&longs;ale negati­<lb/>ua, & doue è la, i &longs;arà particolare afferma­<lb/>tiua, & doue è la, o &longs;arà particolare negati <lb/>ua. Sono altre quattro lettere con&longs;onanti, <lb/>lequali &longs;ono in principio de inomi, che &longs;ono, <lb/>b, c, d, f, lequali mi mo&longs;trano ne i &longs;illogi&longs;mi <lb/>imperfetti à quale perfetto &longs;illogi&longs;mo della pri <lb/>ma figura &longs;i debbano ridurre, come &longs;arebbe <lb/>quel &longs;illogi&longs;mo che &longs;i contiene &longs;otto al nome Ce <lb/>lantes &longs;i riduce il &longs;illogi&longs;mo de celarent, per­<lb/>cioche amendue incominciano da una i&longs;te&longs;&longs;a let <lb/>tera, che e la, c, &longs;onoui altre quattro lette­<lb/>re in e&longs;&longs;e uoci, cioè l, p, e, m, lequali mi <lb/>dimo&longs;trano la conuer&longs;ionc della propo&longs;itione <lb/>che è innanzi a loro, la, l, dimo&longs;tra ne i &longs;il­<lb/>logi&longs;mi imperfetti, che la propo&longs;itione auanti <lb/>à lei &longs;i debba conuertire &longs;emplicemente, cioè <lb/>in &longs;e ste&longs;&longs;a, la, p, dimo&longs;tra che la propo&longs;itio- <pb pagenum="116"/>ne &longs;i deue conuertire per accidente, la, c, di­<lb/>mo&longs;tra che &longs;i deue conuertire per impoßibile, <lb/>la cui &longs;orte di conuer&longs;ione dichiararemo poi <lb/>quando &longs;aremo giunti al &longs;illogi&longs;mo per impoßi <lb/>bile, poi che di e&longs;&longs;a non hauemo ancora ra­<lb/>gionato; la, m, dimo&longs;trarà che la propo&longs;i­<lb/>tione innanzi à lei, &longs;arà maggiore &longs;i deue <lb/>fare minore. A tal che poi che hauerete &longs;a­<lb/>puto quali &longs;ieno le uoci della prima figura, <lb/>uoi &longs;aprete fare i &longs;illogi&longs;mi, & di imperfetti <lb/>farli perfetti, & però la prima figura ha que <lb/>ste quattro dittioni, cioè. Barbara, Cela­<lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg141"></arrow.to.target><lb/>rent, Darij, Ferio. Quelli della &longs;econda &longs;ono <lb/>le quattro dittioni del terzo uer&longs;o, che &longs;ono <lb/>Ce&longs;are, Came&longs;tres, Fe&longs;tino, Baroco. Quelle <lb/>della terza figura &longs;ono le &longs;ei del quarto uer&longs;o, <lb/>cioè Darapti, Felapton, Di&longs;amis, Dapti&longs;i, <lb/>Brocardo Feri&longs;on. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Mò il &longs;econdo <lb/>uer&longs;o à che figura &longs;i ridurrà egli in&longs;ieme con <lb/>baralipton ultima parola del primo? T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/><lb/>Ci riducono &longs;otto la prima figura, ma non ho <lb/>io di que&longs;te fatto mentione, percioche conclu­<lb/>dono indircttamente, però accadendoui fare <lb/>tali &longs;illogi&longs;mi, gli ridurrete a i primi della pri­<lb/>ma figura, al modo che noi habbiamo detto di <lb/>&longs;opra. Vi darei l'e&longs;&longs;empio di tutti, & anco <lb/>ui mo&longs;trarei la riduttione, ma mi allontanarei <lb/>troppo dal no&longs;tro intento, che è &longs;olamente di <pb pagenum="117"/>mo&longs;trarui uniuer&longs;almente le co&longs;e. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/><lb/>Di gratia fate hora piu stima del mio intere&longs;­<lb/>&longs;e, che del uo&longs;tro ordine, del quale &longs;arete piu <lb/>to&longs;to lodato da gli huomini d'intelletto, che <lb/>bia&longs;imato. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Hauete ragione, & pe­<lb/>rò eccoui l'e&longs;&longs;empio del primo grado della pri­<lb/>ma figura, laquale &longs;i contiene &longs;otto quel no­<lb/>me barbara, che ha tre, a, che ne dimo­<lb/>strano tre prepo&longs;itioni uniuer&longs;ali, come à di­<lb/>re. ogni, a, è, b, ogni, c, è, a, adunque <lb/>ogni, c, è, b, & que&longs;to primo grado è ogni <lb/>uolta che (&longs;eruata la regola commune della <lb/>prima figura, che è che il &longs;ugietto della mag­<lb/>giore &longs;ia il predicato della minore) la mag­<lb/>giore e&longs;tremità &longs;arà uniuer&longs;almente nel mezo <lb/>termine, & e&longs;&longs;o mezo &longs;arà tutto nella minore <lb/>e&longs;tremità, & che nece&longs;&longs;ariamente &longs;eguirà, che <lb/>la maggiore e&longs;tremità &longs;arà nella minore. <lb/>M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Datemene di gratia uno e&longs;&longs;empio fi­<lb/>&longs;ico, & mo&longs;tratemi à dito tutte le co&longs;e che ha <lb/>uete dette, perche mi &longs;aranno à chiarezza in <lb/>tutti gli altri e&longs;&longs;empi, ne ui ricercarò piu qua <lb/>le &longs;ia il mezo termine, quale &longs;ia la maggiore, <lb/>ò la minore, & altre faccnde. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Ec­<lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg142"></arrow.to.target><lb/>coui l'e&longs;&longs;empio fi&longs;ico nel primo grado della pri <lb/>ma figura. Ogni animale rationale è ri&longs;ibi­<lb/>le, ogni huomo è animale rationale, adunque <lb/>ogni huomo è ri&longs;ibile. Per prima notate che <pb pagenum="118"/>tutte tre le propo&longs;itioni &longs;ono uniuer&longs;ali affirma <lb/>tiue, notate ancora che que&longs;ta prepo&longs;itione. <lb/>Ogni animale rationale è ri&longs;ibile è quella pro­<lb/>po&longs;itione che domandiamo maggiore, perche <lb/>in &longs;e contiene la maggiore e&longs;tremità, che è ri&longs;i­<lb/>bile, & contiene il mezo che è, ogni animale <lb/>rationale, de quali due termini l'uno ha ragio <lb/>ne di &longs;ugetto che è il mezo termine, & l'al­<lb/>tro ragione di predicato che è la maggiore <lb/>e&longs;tremità. La minore propo&longs;itione è que&longs;ta, <lb/>ogni huomo è animale rationale, perche ella <lb/>ha la minore e&longs;tremità che è ogni huomo; la <lb/>conclu&longs;ione poi è, adunque ogni huomo è ri­<lb/>&longs;ibile. Vltimamente notate in che modo la <lb/>maggiore e&longs;tremità è uniuer&longs;almente nel me­<lb/>zo, &longs;e ogni animale rationale è ri&longs;ibile, ne­<lb/>ce&longs;&longs;aria co&longs;a è che ri&longs;ibile, che è la maggiore <lb/>e&longs;tremità, & che è predicato, &longs;ia nel mezo, <lb/>che è &longs;uo &longs;ugetto uniuer&longs;almente. è anco fa­<lb/>cil co&longs;a uedere in che modo il mezo &longs;ia uniuer <lb/>&longs;almente nella minore e&longs;tremità, perche &longs;e <lb/>ogni huomo è animale rationale, anco ogni ani <lb/>male rationale &longs;arà huomo, & in che modo <lb/>poi &longs;egua nece&longs;&longs;ariamente che la maggiore <lb/>e&longs;tremità &longs;ia nella minore, credo che la ragio <lb/>ne a&longs;tringa l'intelletto uo&longs;tro à crederlo, &longs;en­<lb/>za ch'io ue lo mo&longs;tri à dito. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Haue­<lb/>te fatta una fatica, che &longs;arà à uoi di gran <pb pagenum="119"/>&longs;olleuatione ne gli altri gradi, che dichiarate, <lb/>& à me di grandißima utilità, però &longs;eguite à <lb/>uo&longs;tro bell'agio. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Purche &longs;ia co&longs;i, che <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg143"></arrow.to.target><lb/>non m'interrompiate di nuouo. Il &longs;econdo mo <lb/>do della i&longs;te&longs;&longs;a figura &longs;arà ogni uolta che la <lb/>maggiore stremità &longs;arà in ne&longs;&longs;un mezo, & il <lb/>mezo &longs;arà in tutto nella minore i&longs;tremità, & <lb/>nece&longs;&longs;ariamente &longs;eguirà che la maggiore i&longs;tre­<lb/>mità non &longs;ia nella minore, & que&longs;to modo &longs;i <lb/>contiene &longs;otto la uoce, Celarent, come (per <lb/>e&longs;&longs;empio) ni&longs;&longs;uno animale è &longs;a&longs;&longs;o, ogni huo­<lb/>mo è animale, adunque ni&longs;&longs;uno huomo è &longs;a&longs;&longs;o. <lb/>Vi darò gli e&longs;&longs;empi naturali, perche ui ueg­<lb/>gio de&longs;iderargli. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Vi ringratio, ho <lb/>raueniamo al terzo. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Il terzo modo <lb/>è quando la maggiore i&longs;tremità è uniuer&longs;al­<lb/>mente nel mezo, & il mezo è particolarmen <lb/>tenella minore e&longs;tremità, & però &longs;egue nece&longs;­<lb/>&longs;ariamente che la maggiore e&longs;tremità &longs;ia par­<lb/>ticolarmente nella minore, & que&longs;to modo è <lb/>&longs;otto il nome Darij, come, ogni animale è di­<lb/>&longs;ciplinabile, alcuno leone è animale, adunque <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg144"></arrow.to.target><lb/>alcun leone è di&longs;ciplinabile. Il quarto è quan <lb/>do la maggiore e&longs;tremità non è in alcun modo <lb/>nel mezo, & il mezo è in qualche parte nella <lb/>minore e&longs;tremità, onde &longs;i conclude la maggio­<lb/>re e&longs;tremità non e&longs;&longs;ere in qualche parte nella <lb/>minore e&longs;tremità. Seguirebbono hora gli al- <pb pagenum="120"/>tri cinque modi, cioè quegli, che &longs;ono &longs;otto <lb/>que&longs;ti nomi Baralipton, Celantes, Dabitis, <lb/>Fape&longs;mo, Fri&longs;e&longs;omorum, ma perche conchiu­<lb/>dono indirettamente, gli po&longs;tporremo à tutti. <lb/>M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Seruate l'ordine accidentale, & per <lb/>cio preponcte i piu degni a i meno degni. <lb/>T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Ben &longs;apete. Hor &longs;eguono i modi de <lb/>i &longs;illogi&longs;mi imperfetti, i quali &longs;i riducono a i <lb/>&longs;udetti, & diceuamo che la &longs;econda figura è <lb/>quando il predicato della maggiore è anco pre <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg145"></arrow.to.target><lb/>dicato nella minore, laquale ha piu gradi &longs;i <lb/>come hauemo detto. Il primo è quando il <lb/>mezo non è in ueruna parte della maggiore <lb/>i&longs;tremità, & e&longs;&longs;o mezo è in ogni parte della <lb/>minore e&longs;tremità, onde &longs;egue che la maggio­<lb/>re e&longs;tremità non è in ueruna parte della mino <lb/>re, & que&longs;to &longs;i contiene &longs;otto la uoce Ce&longs;are, <lb/>come (per e&longs;&longs;empio) Ni&longs;&longs;un uitio è uirtù, <lb/>ogni giu&longs;titia è uirtù, adunque ni&longs;&longs;una giu&longs;ti­<lb/>tia è uitio, & &longs;i conuerte a Celarent, conuer­<lb/>tendo&longs;i la maggiore &longs;emplicemente, cioè in uni <lb/>uer&longs;ale negatiua, &longs;i come dicendo ni&longs;&longs;una uir­<lb/>tù è uitio, ogni giu&longs;titia è uirtù, adunque ni&longs;­<lb/>&longs;una giu&longs;titia è uitio. Il &longs;econdo modo poi è <lb/>quando il mezo è uniuer&longs;almente in tutta la <lb/>maggiore e&longs;tremità, & non è in alcuna parte <lb/>della minore, & que&longs;to è &longs;otto la uoce Came­<lb/>stres, come à dire ogni animale è uiuente, <pb pagenum="121"/>ni&longs;&longs;un &longs;a&longs;&longs;o uiue, adunque nißun &longs;aßo è ani­<lb/>male, & &longs;i riduce a Celarent, conuertendo&longs;i la <lb/>minore &longs;cmplicemente, cioè in uniuer&longs;ale ne­<lb/>gatiua, & tra&longs;ponendo la minore in maggio­<lb/>re, & la maggiore in minore. Il terzo mo <lb/>do è quando il mezo non è in ueruna parte del <lb/>la maggiore, & in qualche parte della mino­<lb/>re, & che &longs;egue che la maggiore e&longs;tremità &longs;i <lb/>ritroua in qualche parte della minore, & è <lb/>&longs;otto la uoce Fe&longs;tino, come &longs;e dicemmo, nißun <lb/>a&longs;ino è huomo, Socrate è huomo, adunque So <lb/>crate non è a&longs;ino, & eßo &longs;i riduce a Ferio <lb/>conuertendo&longs;i la maggiore &longs;emplicemente. <lb/>Jl quarto modo di que&longs;ta figura è ogni uolta <lb/>che il mezo è uniuer&longs;almente nella maggiore <lb/>e&longs;tremità, & particolarmente &longs;i rimuoue dal <lb/>la minore, & però &longs;i conchiude la maggiore <lb/>e&longs;tremità non eßere in qualche parte della mi <lb/>nore, & que&longs;to modo è contenuto dalla uoce <lb/>Barocho, il cui eßempio è que&longs;to, Ogni uir­<lb/>tù è laudabile, l'auaritia non è laudabile, <lb/>adunque l'auaritia non è uirtù, & eßo &longs;i ri­<lb/>duce a Barbara co'l mezo della ri&longs;olutione per <lb/>l'impoßibile. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Che conuer&longs;ione è <lb/>que&longs;ta, che uoi chiamate per l'impoßibile, <lb/>perche di eßa non ne è fatta ancora mentione. <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg146"></arrow.to.target><lb/>T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Hauete ragione, & la conuer&longs;io­<lb/>ne fatta per l'impoßibile è quando &longs;i piglia <pb pagenum="122"/>l'oppo&longs;ito della conclu&longs;ione, & una delle pre­<lb/>me&longs;&longs;e, & &longs;i conchiude l'oppo&longs;ito dell'altra pre <lb/>mc&longs;&longs;a, come uerbigratia nell'argumento gia <lb/>detto, la conclu&longs;ione è tale. l'auaritia non è <lb/>uirtù, & la &longs;ua contradittoria è che ogni <lb/>auaritia è uirtù, laquale &longs;i piglia, & appli­<lb/>ca alla maggiore del &longs;udetto argumento, che <lb/>è dal che ne &longs;egue poi l'oppo&longs;ito della minore, <lb/>che era l'auaritia non è laudabile, onde tale <lb/>&longs;arà l'argomento. Ogni uirtù è laudabile, <lb/>ogni auaritia e uirtù, adunque ogni auaritia <lb/>è laudabile, & ecco che la conclu&longs;ione di que <lb/>sto argumento è contradittoria della minore <lb/>del primo che gia era stata amme&longs;&longs;a per uera, <lb/>& però &longs;i chiama conuer&longs;ione per l'impoßibi­<lb/>le, perche è impoßibile che due contraditto­<lb/>rie &longs;ieno in&longs;ieme uere. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Non acca­<lb/>derà che piu ui mole&longs;ti intorno alle conuer&longs;io­<lb/>ni, pa&longs;&longs;ate dunque a uo&longs;tro piacere alla terza <lb/>figura, laquale, è quando quello che è &longs;ugetto <lb/>nella maggiore è anco &longs;ugetto nella minore, <lb/>& ella ha (per quello che uoi hauete detto) <lb/>&longs;ei modi, de' quali n'a&longs;petto la uo&longs;tra dichia­<lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg147"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ratione. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Il primo è quando la mag <lb/>giore e&longs;tremità è in tutto'l mezo nel quale e <lb/>anco la minore, & percio &longs;i conclude che la <lb/>maggiore e&longs;tremità è in qualche parte della mi <lb/>nore, & è retto dalla uoce Darapti. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> <pb pagenum="123"/>L'e&longs;&longs;empio di que&longs;to tale deue e&longs;&longs;ere. ogni huo <lb/>mo è &longs;u&longs;tanza, ogni huomo &cgrave; animale, adun­<lb/>que qualche animale è &longs;u&longs;tanza, & per le re <lb/>gole gia datc, e&longs;&longs;o &longs;i uedc ridurre alla uoce <lb/>Darij conuertendo&longs;i la minore per accidente, <lb/>cioè in particolare affirmatiua. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Ne <lb/>potremo adunque i&longs;pedire breuemente, poi <lb/>che uoi ui mo&longs;trate capacißimo d'ogni co&longs;a; <lb/>però il &longs;econdo modo è, quando la maggiore <lb/>e&longs;tremità non è in alcum mezo, nel quale è la <lb/>minore uniuer&longs;almente, & &longs;i conclude che la <lb/>maggiore non &longs;arà in tutte le parti della mino <lb/>re. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Come à dire, ni&longs;&longs;uno animale è <lb/>morto, ogni animale è uiuo, adunque alcun <lb/>uiuo non è morto; & que&longs;to tale argumento è <lb/>retto dalla uoce Felapton, & riduce&longs;i alla uo <lb/>ce Ferio conuertendo&longs;i la minore per acciden­<lb/>te. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> A que&longs;to &longs;egue il terzo, ilqua­<lb/>le è ogni uolta che la maggiore e&longs;tremità è in <lb/>qualche parte del mezo, nel quale è uniuer­<lb/>&longs;almente la minore, & però ne &longs;egue la mag­<lb/>giore e&longs;&longs;ere in parte nella minore, & è &longs;otto <lb/>il nome Di&longs;amis. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> et ecco l'e&longs;&longs;empio, <lb/>alcun huomo è giu&longs;to, ogni huomo è animale, <lb/>adunque qualche animale è giu&longs;to, & riduce <lb/>&longs;ia Darij ri&longs;oluendo&longs;i la maggiore &longs;emplice­<lb/>mente, & la conclu&longs;ione in&longs;ieme, tra&longs;ponen­<lb/>do anco le preme&longs;&longs;e. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> et perche que- <pb pagenum="124"/>sta conuer&longs;ione ha qualche difficultà, ne da­<lb/>rò io l'e&longs;&longs;empio. Ogni huomo è animale, qual <lb/>che giu&longs;to è huomo, adunque qualche giu&longs;to <lb/>è animale. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Hauete fatto bene à <lb/>darne e&longs;&longs;empio, però ueniamo al quarto modo. <lb/>T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Il quarto modo è quando la maggio­<lb/>re e&longs;tremità è in tutto'l mezo nel quale in par <lb/>te ancora è la minore, & però &longs;egui che la <lb/>maggiore e&longs;tremità &longs;ia in parte nella minore, <lb/>& il &longs;uo nome che lo regge è Dati&longs;i. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/><lb/>L'e&longs;&longs;empio di que&longs;to (perche io sò che l'a&longs;pet­<lb/>tate da me) è, alcun huomo è &longs;u&longs;tanza, al­<lb/>cun huomo è animale, adunque qualche ani­<lb/>male è &longs;u&longs;tanza, & &longs;i conuerte a Darij con­<lb/>uertendo&longs;i &longs;olo la minore &longs;emplicemente. <lb/>T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Il quinto modo, che non ueggio l'ho <lb/>ra di &longs;pedirmene è quando la maggiore &longs;i ri­<lb/>muoue, in qualche parte dal mezo, nel quale <lb/>è tutta la minore, & però &longs;egue che la mag­<lb/>giore &longs;i ritroua in qualche parte della minore, <lb/>ilqual modo uien contenuto dalla uoce Brocar­<lb/>do, il cui e&longs;&longs;empio è. Alcun huomo non è <lb/>giu&longs;to, ogni huomo è rationale, adunque al­<lb/>cuno rationale non è giu&longs;to. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> et per <lb/>le regole che uoi hauete date, &longs;i riduce à Bar <lb/>bara per la conuer&longs;ione che è per l'impoßibile. <lb/>T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Co&longs;i è. Il &longs;e&longs;to modo è quando la <lb/>maggiore e&longs;tremità non è in alcuna parte del <pb pagenum="125"/>mezo, nel quale però è in particolare la mi­<lb/>nore, per ilche &longs;egue che la maggiore e&longs;tre­<lb/>mità &longs;i rimuoua in parte dalla minore, & la <lb/>&longs;ua uoce che lo regge è Feri&longs;on, il cui e&longs;&longs;empio <lb/>è tale. Ni&longs;&longs;un uitio è uirtù, alcun uitio è ma­<lb/>le, adunque qualche male non è uirtù. <lb/>M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> et e&longs;&longs;o &longs;i riduce à Ferio, conuertendo <lb/>&longs;i la minore &longs;emplicemente. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> <expan abbr="Eī">Eim</expan> que <lb/>ste &longs;ono breuemente le regole, delle conuer&longs;io <lb/>ni, con gli e&longs;&longs;empi de i &longs;illogi&longs;mi, che conclu­<lb/>dono dirittamente; hora ne re&longs;tano cinque, <lb/>che indirettamente concludono, de' quali par <lb/>te ne fu inuentore Ari&longs;totele, come di Fape&longs;­<lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg148"></arrow.to.target><lb/>mon, & Fri&longs;emorum, come &longs;i puo uedere <lb/>nella Priora, & gli altri tre furono ritrouati <lb/>da Theofra&longs;to, & Eudemo, che &longs;ono Bara­<lb/>lipton, Celantes, Dabitis, ne mi pare che di <lb/>que&longs;ti piu ne parliamo, ma ba&longs;ta che &longs;i &longs;ap­<lb/>pia che &longs;eruano le regole della prima figura, <lb/>& &longs;i conuertono per le mede&longs;ime regole che <lb/>&longs;i conuertono anche gli altri predetti. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/><lb/>Poi che &longs;ono inutili, la&longs;ciamogli adunque in­<lb/>&longs;ieme con tutte le altre congiuntioni, ò com­<lb/>binationi che ne uogliam dire, che non ne &longs;er <lb/>uano piu che tanto, di che pure ne fa mentio <lb/>ne Ari&longs;totele, ne mi pare che dobbiamo en­<lb/>trare à dire delle mi&longs;tioni delle prepo&longs;itioni, <lb/>e&longs;&longs;endo che la materia è lunga, & noi hab- <pb pagenum="126"/>biamo l'occhio alla demo&longs;tratione. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/><lb/>Sono per fare quello che uoi uolete. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/><lb/>Ditemi dunque, per quale ragione non &longs;i po­<lb/>trebbe aggiugnere alle tre predette figure la <lb/>quarta, come bene aggiun&longs;e Galeno? T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/><lb/>Si potrebbe pur troppo aggiugnere, che Ari­<lb/>stotele non lo uietarebbe, &longs;e però l'arte lo com <lb/>porta&longs;&longs;e. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Et perche non lo compor <lb/>tarebbe l'arte? T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Perche ella non può <lb/>&longs;offrire parte che in lei &longs;ia di&longs;utile. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/><lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg149"></arrow.to.target><lb/>La quarta figura &longs;arebbe dunque inutile. <lb/>T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Al tutto inutile, & che &longs;ia il uero, <lb/>ecco. uoleua Galeno che &longs;i pote&longs;&longs;e fare la quar <lb/>ta implicatione de i termini, cioè che il mezo <lb/>fo&longs;&longs;e predicato nella maggiore, & &longs;uggetto nel <lb/>la minore, come a dire ogni huomo è anima­<lb/>le, ogni animale è &longs;u&longs;tanza, adunque ogni huo <lb/>mo è &longs;u&longs;tanza; ma que&longs;ta implicatione è di­<lb/>&longs;utile, come &longs;i può uedere, perche ella proua <lb/>una co&longs;a, & che &longs;i sà natur almente, che an <lb/>co Ari&longs;totele ne i predicamenti ha per regola <lb/>in&longs;egnato, quando egli dice, che ogni co&longs;a che &longs;i <lb/>predica del predicato, predica&longs;i parimente <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg150"></arrow.to.target><lb/>del &longs;ugetto. Onde e&longs;&longs;endo co&longs;a chiarißima che <lb/>la &longs;u&longs;tanza &longs;i predica dell' animale, & che l'a­<lb/>nimale &longs;i predica dall'huomo, non occorre che <lb/>&longs;i uoglia prouare &longs;e la &longs;u&longs;tanza &longs;i predichi del <lb/>l'huomo, & per la regola datane da Ari&longs;to- <pb pagenum="127"/>tele, & perche anco e&longs;pre&longs;&longs;amente è co&longs;a chia <lb/>ra: perche chi è quello, che non &longs;appia &longs;e un <lb/>ua&longs;o è capace di tre libre d'acqua, non ne <lb/>&longs;ia anche capace d'una, &longs;arà ben goffo, & <lb/>stolto colui, che lo negarà; co&longs;i parimcnte chi <lb/>negarà &longs;e la &longs;u&longs;tanza &longs;i predica di tutti gli ani <lb/>mali, non &longs;i predichi anco dell'huomo? M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/><lb/>è ragione a&longs;&longs;ai euidente, pure non sò come <lb/>Galeno, huomo di grandißimo intelletto, &longs;i la­<lb/>&longs;cia&longs;&longs;e tra&longs;portare a ta&longs;&longs;are Ari&longs;t. &longs;enza gran <lb/>ragione. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Altra certo ragione non fu, <lb/>che perche uide che &longs;i poteua fare que&longs;ta quar <lb/>ta implicatione, ma non con&longs;iderò poi che era <lb/>onninamente &longs;uperflua. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> In uero io <lb/>non ueggio luogo da poterlo i&longs;cu&longs;are, anzi mi <lb/>pare che &longs;i potrebbe, per il contrario, ta&longs;&longs;are <lb/>Ari&longs;totele, per dir co&longs;i licentio&longs;amente, che <lb/>egli habbia piu to&longs;to peccato in &longs;uperfluità; <lb/>perche con una &longs;ola figura, &longs;enza punto met­<lb/>terne tre poteua egli i&longs;pedir&longs;ene, poi che in <lb/>ogni modo le due altre &longs;i riducono a lei. <lb/>T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Anzi che non &longs;olo &longs;i riducono tutte <lb/>le altre figure alla prima figura, ma per pa­<lb/>rere dell'i&longs;te&longs;&longs;o Ari&longs;totele tutti i &longs;illogi&longs;mi, co <lb/>&longs;i della prima figura, come della &longs;econda, & <lb/>terza, &longs;i riducono al primo della prima, per­<lb/>cioche, come di gia hauemo detto, la &longs;econ­<lb/>da, & terza figura; & quegli della prima <pb pagenum="128"/>figura, che concludono indirettamente &longs;i ridu <lb/>cono à gli quattro primi della prima figura; <lb/>& il terzo della prima &longs;i può conuertire per <lb/>la conuer&longs;ione dell' impoßibile al &longs;econdo della <lb/>&longs;econda figura; & il quarto per la mede&longs;ima <lb/>conuer&longs;ione al primo della &longs;econda; i quali poi <lb/>&longs;i conuertono a Celarent, come di gia ui ho <lb/>detto; & Celarent è in un certo modo riduci <lb/>bile al primo: percioche, e&longs;&longs;endo che egli ha le <lb/>&longs;ue propo&longs;itioni negatiue, & Barbara affirma <lb/>tiue, & le negatiue non hauendo forza di con <lb/>cludere co&longs;a ueruna &longs;e non per mezo delle af­<lb/>firmatiue, di qui &longs;egue che Celarent in&longs;ieme <lb/>con tutti gli altri &longs;illogi&longs;mi pigliano tutta la lo <lb/>ro forza da Barbara, come dal &longs;uo principio. <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg151"></arrow.to.target><lb/>Ma però con tutto que&longs;to non &longs;egue che fo&longs;&longs;e <lb/>ba&longs;tato il primo modo della prima figura, per <lb/>che &longs;e bene gli altri &longs;ono riducibili a quello, <lb/>& che quello habbia in potenza tutta la for­<lb/>za de gli altri &longs;illogi&longs;mi, e&longs;&longs;o non potrebbe pe <lb/>rò prouare attualmente tutti que&longs;ti que&longs;iti, <lb/>che prouano gli altri, & è apunto come nel­<lb/>le co&longs;e naturali, lequali benche tutti &longs;i ri&longs;ol­<lb/>uino ne i &longs;uoi principij, non re&longs;ta però che non <lb/>&longs;ieno nece&longs;&longs;arie; & percio Ari&longs;totele con pur <lb/>gatißimo giuditio po&longs;e tre &longs;orti di &longs;illogi&longs;mi, <lb/>ne-poteua porne piu, ne meno, altramente, <lb/>&longs;arebbe caduto, ò nel uitio della &longs;uperfluità, <pb pagenum="129"/>ouero della diminutione. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> È da cre <lb/>dere che egli &longs;apendo quanto huomo &longs;ape&longs;&longs;e <lb/>mai, nelle arti, che ne fa &longs;apere, habbia po­<lb/>sto ogni cura, & diligenza per fare che e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>fo&longs;&longs;ero compite. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Non douemo cre­<lb/>dere altrimenti. Hora fin qui con quella bre <lb/>uità, che apunto &longs;i conueniua alla no&longs;tra in­<lb/>tentione, è stato detto de i termini incomple&longs;­<lb/>&longs;i co&longs;i di quegli della prima intentione, come <lb/>anco di quegli della &longs;econda <gap/> & &longs;i &longs;ono anche <lb/>meritamente per capi &longs;cor&longs;i i termini comple&longs;­<lb/>&longs;i in&longs;ieme con le regole loro, alle quali ueden <lb/>do &longs;eguire gli argomenti, che per la uarietà <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg152"></arrow.to.target><lb/>del mezo di che &longs;i &longs;eruono &longs;ono tre, demo&longs;tra <lb/>tiuo, topico, & &longs;ofi&longs;tico, per le tre materie <lb/>cioè nece&longs;&longs;aria contingente & remota io in&longs;ie­<lb/>me &longs;coper&longs;i, che tutti conueniuano nella for­<lb/>ma, & che erano differenti per ri&longs;petto della <lb/>materia, & però fu deliberato di trattare pri <lb/>ma della loro figura, lequali trattate nell'i&longs;te&longs;­<lb/>&longs;o modo, che hauemo fatto li termini. Ho­<lb/>ra ci &longs;i rappre&longs;enta da con&longs;iderare gli argu­<lb/>menti in quanto che &longs;ono in appartate mate­<lb/>rie, & per il uero a douerne ragionare quan <lb/>to &longs;i potrebbe, non le bore, ma i giorni, le <lb/>&longs;ettimane, i me&longs;i, & gli anni non ba&longs;tarebbo <lb/>no. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Potiamo pa&longs;&longs;arcene co'l piede <lb/>&longs;ecco intorno al &longs;illogi&longs;mo topico, & il falla- <pb pagenum="130"/>ce, & dilatarne un poco piu intorno alla de­<lb/>mo&longs;tratione, perche ella come principale fu <lb/>ancora propo&longs;ta. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Ben &longs;apete che co <lb/>&longs;i bi&longs;ogna fare, però ne ba&longs;terà a dire che'l &longs;il <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg153"></arrow.to.target><lb/>logi&longs;mo topico è quello, che ne &longs;erue &longs;olamente <lb/>ad hauere una certa opinione delle co&longs;e, ma <lb/>non gia &longs;cienza, percioche egli ha le &longs;ue pre­<lb/>me&longs;&longs;e, ò propo&longs;itioni non nece&longs;&longs;arie, & per­<lb/>ciò non può concludere uera &longs;cienza, ma una <lb/>certa opinione, ò credenza. Il mezo termi­<lb/>ne di che e&longs;&longs;o topico &longs;i &longs;erue, è &longs;empre acci­<lb/>dentale, ne mai &longs;i &longs;erue della definitione, ò <lb/>del genere della co&longs;a, che proua, ouero pro­<lb/>prio: & a que&longs;ta &longs;orte di argumento &longs;i ridu­<lb/>ce l'e&longs;&longs;empio, & l'entimema & indutione. <lb/>M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Et come &longs;i chiama egli propriamen­<lb/>te? T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Induttione della quale immedia <lb/>tamente &longs;i fa poi il &longs;illogi&longs;mo, che proprijßi­<lb/>mamente è i&longs;trumento del Dialettico. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/><lb/>Adunque il Dialettico &longs;i &longs;erue di tutti que&longs;ti <lb/>i&longs;trumenti, quali per e&longs;&longs;ere inducibili al &longs;illo­<lb/>gi&longs;mo, &longs;i dice che il &longs;illogi&longs;mo è i&longs;trumento <lb/>proprijßimo del Dialettico. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Co&longs;i <lb/>stà. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Et come &longs;ono riducibili. <lb/>T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Voi &longs;apete che l'e&longs;&longs;empio non e altro <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg154"></arrow.to.target><lb/>che uno i&longs;trumento, co'l quale noi prouiamo <lb/>per uia della &longs;imilitudine uno e&longs;&longs;ere nell altro, <lb/>come a dire uoglio prouare che Ale&longs;&longs;andro, <pb pagenum="131"/>per e&longs;&longs;ere cittadino non deue combattere con­<lb/>tra la patria, dirò in que&longs;to modo; Coriolano <lb/>cittadino di Roma non uol&longs;e combattere con­<lb/>tra la patria, adunque non deue Ale&longs;&longs;andro <lb/>combattere contra e&longs;&longs;a patria. Que&longs;to e&longs;&longs;em­<lb/>pio &longs;i riduce alla induttione in que&longs;to modo, <lb/>cioè, comincierà da gran numero di quegli ci<gap/><lb/>tadini, che non uol&longs;ero combattere contra la <lb/>patria, perche era co&longs;a mal fatta, & da que <lb/>sta enumeratione &longs;e ne fa poi l'uniuer&longs;ale, con <lb/>che &longs;i forma il &longs;illogi&longs;mo probabile, come, <lb/>ne&longs;&longs;uno cittadino ha mai combattuto contra la <lb/>patria, Ale&longs;&longs;andro è cittadino, adunque non <lb/>deue combattere contra la patria. la maggio <lb/>re &longs;i proua co'l mezo della induttione, laqua­<lb/>le è fatta da piu e&longs;&longs;empi. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> A tal­<lb/>che &longs;e l'e&longs;&longs;empio era un &longs;illogi&longs;mo che procede <lb/>ua da un &longs;ingolare a un'altro &longs;ingolare, la in <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg155"></arrow.to.target><lb/>duttione è un'argumento, che procede da piu <lb/>&longs;ingolari, a uno uniuer&longs;ale, & il &longs;illogi&longs;mo <lb/>probabile procede da quello uniuer&longs;ale proba­<lb/>bile, al &longs;ingolare. L'entimema credo che &longs;ia <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg156"></arrow.to.target><lb/>uno argumento che habbia &longs;otto due propo&longs;i­<lb/>tioni probabili, & è chiamato &longs;illogi&longs;mo de­<lb/>troncato, percioche non gli manca altro a e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>re &longs;illogi&longs;mo, che la maggiore, come a dire <lb/>Medea è madre, adunque ama il figliuolo. <lb/>T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Que&longs;to ne ba&longs;ti hormai alla cognitio- <pb pagenum="132"/>ne del topico &longs;illogi&longs;mo & auertire che l'E&longs;&longs;em <lb/>pio & indutione &longs;ono i&longs;trumenti e&longs;perimenta­<lb/>ti benche gli habbia po&longs;ti qui. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Se <lb/>però ne date le regole da cono&longs;cere le proba­<lb/>tioni probabili, quali &longs;ono le parti di e&longs;&longs;o &longs;il­<lb/>logi&longs;mo. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Dice Ari&longs;totele che quel <lb/>le &longs;ono prepo&longs;itioni probabili, lequali paiono <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg157"></arrow.to.target><lb/>uere a tutti, ouero alla maggior parte, oue­<lb/>ro &longs;olo a tutti gli &longs;apienti, ouero al piu, oue­<lb/>ro in numero al manco a piu &longs;auij, & que&longs;ti <lb/>&longs;ono i &longs;egni, con quali &longs;i puo cono&longs;cere che le <lb/>prepo&longs;itioni &longs;ieno probabili, ne &longs;opra di cio ne <lb/>occorre lungo di&longs;cor&longs;o. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Io ui ho in­<lb/>re&longs;o, però ueniamo al &longs;illogi&longs;mo &longs;ofi&longs;tico. <lb/>T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Il &longs;illogi&longs;mo &longs;ofi&longs;tico è uno argumen­<lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg158"></arrow.to.target><lb/>to, che procede ouero con&longs;ta di prepo&longs;itioni, <lb/>lequali appaiono uere, & probabili, & tut­<lb/>tauia &longs;ono fal&longs;e, & il &longs;uo fine (&longs;econdo che <lb/>uogliono alcuni) è l'acqui&longs;tare gloria; ma di­<lb/>rò io che è l'ignoranza, perche quello che &longs;i <lb/>diletta di u&longs;are tal &longs;orte di argumento, &longs;pe&longs;&longs;o <lb/>non &longs;olo inganna gli altri, ma anche &longs;e ste&longs;&longs;o, <lb/>& sta &longs;empre occupato in fallacie; ne mai &longs;i <lb/>dà alla uerità delle co&longs;e. Il &longs;illogi&longs;mo &longs;ofi&longs;ti­<lb/>co pecca &longs;empre, ouero in materia però che le <lb/>prepo&longs;itioni &longs;ono fal&longs;e, ouero peoca in forma, <lb/>& la metà, a che mira il &longs;ofi&longs;ta è di condur­<lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg159"></arrow.to.target><lb/>re l'auer&longs;ario à qualche inconueniente, per <pb pagenum="133"/>mezo di alcune fallacie, che egli ha, come <lb/>con la fallacia della equiuocatione, con quel­<lb/>la dell'am&longs;ibologia, & altre &longs;imili, lequali <lb/>non uoglio narrare, per non e&longs;&longs;ere po&longs;cia ca­<lb/>gione di darui animo, a farui, douentare &longs;ofi­<lb/>sta. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Dirò quello, che Socrate di&longs;&longs;e <lb/>a uno che lo haueua ueduto pa&longs;&longs;eggiare per il <lb/>luogo delle meretrici, di che &longs;e ne era mara­<lb/>uigliato, che un Filo&longs;ofo di quella &longs;orte &longs;i la­<lb/>&longs;cia&longs;&longs;e uedere in luoghi co&longs;i dishone&longs;ti. Il So <lb/>le, di&longs;&longs;e il dotto uecchio, non &longs;ottintra egli <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg160"></arrow.to.target><lb/>con li &longs;uoi raggi le immondezze, & le latri­<lb/>ne, tuttauia egli non riceue macchia di &longs;orte <lb/>ueruna; si ri&longs;po&longs;e quello che &longs;i era maraui­<lb/>gliato; co&longs;i parimente fa il &longs;apiente replicò <lb/>Socrate, puo andare douunque gli piace, che <lb/>non riceue macchia nell'animo &longs;uo. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/><lb/>Volete dire in uo&longs;tro linguaggio che benche <lb/>&longs;appiate le fallacie, che non le u&longs;ate però, <lb/>que&longs;to ui concedcrei quando uoi fo&longs;te Socrate. <lb/>M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Non &longs;ono Socrate, ma &longs;on bene il <lb/>uo&longs;tro Morello. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Con tutto que&longs;to <lb/>non mi farete entrare à dire delle fallacie, <lb/>perche &longs;arebbe molto lunga materia. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/><lb/>Dite co&longs;i; & aggiugnete ancor que&longs;to che ne <lb/>hauete gia detto tanto, che a que&longs;ta materia <lb/>non &longs;i può piu de&longs;iderarui co&longs;a ueruna, & <lb/>però &longs;e io de&longs;idero pure di &longs;apere ogni co&longs;a <pb pagenum="134"/>perfettamente legga il uo&longs;tro bellißimo libro <lb/>de gli elementi. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Vi concedo tutto <lb/>pur che non &longs;e ne ragioni. La demo&longs;tratione, <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg161"></arrow.to.target><lb/>come &longs;apete, nella facultà della Logica, è co­<lb/>me il fine, percioche in e&longs;&longs;a facultà &longs;i ricer­<lb/>ca uno i&longs;trumento, co l quale &longs;i po&longs;&longs;a acqui&longs;ta <lb/>re la &longs;cienza perfetta, che non è altro che una <lb/>intera cognitione della co&longs;a, & haßi que&longs;ta <lb/>intera cognitione ogni uolta che &longs;i cono&longs;cerà <lb/>e&longs;&longs;a co&longs;a come ella starà. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Cioè <lb/>quando &longs;i cono&longs;cerà l'e&longs;&longs;enza, & proprietà di <lb/>quella. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Tant'è, & perche le pro­<lb/>prietà na&longs;cono dalla e&longs;&longs;enza, parimente cono <lb/>&longs;cendo&longs;i l'e&longs;&longs;enza, potran&longs;i cono&longs;cere anche le <lb/>proprietà &longs;udette, & l'e&longs;&longs;enza &longs;i cono&longs;ce co'l <lb/>mezo della diffinitione. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Na&longs;cerà <lb/>adunque ancho la cognitione delle proprietà <lb/>dalla diffinitione. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Me&longs;&longs;er &longs;i. Onde <lb/>appare manife&longs;tamente che la diffinitione con­<lb/>tiene la cognitione delle proprietà in potenza <lb/>&longs;olo, & che la demo&longs;tratione ne la da poi in <lb/>atto, cioè ne la propone apertamente innanzi <lb/>a gli occhi u&longs;ando per mezo la diffinitione. <lb/>Per tanto la demo&longs;tratione contiene in &longs;e la <lb/>diffinitione, & da lei riceue le proprietà delle <lb/>co&longs;e, & percio diciamo noi che e&longs;plicando quel <lb/>lo che in potenza nella diffinitione &longs;i contene­<lb/>ua ella non è altro che la diffinitione e&longs;plicata, <pb pagenum="135"/>& che contiene in &longs;e attualmente quello che <lb/>conteneua la diffinitione in atto, & in poten­<lb/>za, & però comparata alla diffinitione è come <lb/>è il tutto in ri&longs;petto delle parti. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/><lb/>Con que&longs;to bellißimo di&longs;cor&longs;o uolete inferire <lb/>che la demo&longs;tratione ha per mezo la diffinitio <lb/>ne. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Si parlando della demo&longs;tratione <lb/>potißima; perche, &longs;e uoi ui raccordate bene, <lb/>di &longs;opra quando diuidemmo la demo&longs;tratione <lb/>nelle &longs;ue &longs;pecie, dicemmo che e&longs;&longs;endo la demo <lb/>stratione uno i&longs;trumento che ua dalla co&longs;a in­<lb/>cognita alla cono&longs;ciuta, e&longs;&longs;a cono&longs;ciuta può e&longs;­<lb/>&longs;ere conclu&longs;ione, ouero preme&longs;&longs;a, & &longs;e &longs;ia con <lb/>clu&longs;ione ne na&longs;ce la demo&longs;tratione, che riduce <lb/>l'buomo all'impoßibile, &longs;e anco &longs;ia preme&longs;&longs;a <lb/>ne na&longs;ce la demo&longs;tratione demo&longs;tro&longs;tratiua. <lb/>Della demo&longs;tratione per l'impoßibile è stato <lb/>gia ragionato trattando&longs;i della forma de i &longs;illo <lb/>gi&longs;mi in generale, & quelle mede&longs;ime regole <lb/>&longs;eruono a que&longs;ta &longs;pecie di demo&longs;tratione, & <lb/>percio me ne <expan abbr="u&etilde;go">uengo</expan> alla demo&longs;tratione demo&longs;tra <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg162"></arrow.to.target><lb/>tiua, laqual &longs;i diuide in &longs;pecie per ri&longs;petto della <lb/>co&longs;a naturalmente incognita, che ella dimo&longs;tra, <lb/>perche può e&longs;&longs;ere ò &longs;emplice, ò compo&longs;ta. della <lb/>co&longs;a &longs;emplice &longs;i ricerca s'ell'è et che co&longs;a &longs;ia;et <lb/>della compo&longs;ta &longs;i ricerca che &longs;ia co&longs;i, & perche <lb/>&longs;ia co&longs;i. Quando poi demo&longs;triamo della &longs;empli­<lb/>ce &longs;e è, et della <expan abbr="cõpo&longs;ta">compo&longs;ta</expan> che co&longs;a &longs;ia, adoperiamo <pb pagenum="136"/>la demo&longs;tratione, detta, Perche, laquale è quel <lb/>&longs;illogi&longs;mo ch'appartiene al topico, ò dialettico, <lb/>come di &longs;opra habbiamo detto. e&longs;&longs;a non &longs;i &longs;erue <lb/>mai de mezi nece&longs;&longs;arij conuertibili, et principij <lb/>della co&longs;a, ch'ella proua è uero che que&longs;ta &longs;orte <lb/>di demo&longs;tratione &longs;i &longs;erue alle uolte de gli effi­<lb/>cienti remotißimi &longs;econdo alcuni, ma mi piace <lb/>rebbe che quando il mezo del &longs;illogi&longs;mo è la ca <lb/>gione rimotißima &longs;i chiama&longs;&longs;e demo&longs;tratione <lb/>per qual co&longs;a, che i logici latini intendono per <lb/>Propter quid, perche ella ua dalla cau&longs;a al­<lb/>l'effetto, benche &longs;ia remotißimo, & che quel <lb/>la &longs;i chiama&longs;&longs;e demo&longs;tratione, perche, laqua <lb/>le anda&longs;&longs;e da gli effetti alle cau&longs;e. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/><lb/>Mi piace ueramente que&longs;to uo&longs;tro parere, tut <lb/>tauia poco importa que&longs;to chiami&longs;i come &longs;i <lb/>uuole, pur non è da di&longs;tor&longs;i da quello che <lb/>han uoluto gli antichi, e&longs;&longs;endo che eglino <lb/>l'hanno chiamata co&longs;i. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Hora &longs;e &longs;i ri­<lb/>cercarà della co&longs;a incognita perche &longs;ia co&longs;i, <lb/>bi&longs;ognarà dimo&longs;trarla con la demo&longs;tratione, <lb/>che ne po&longs;&longs;a dare la cagione, laquale ha il &longs;uo <lb/>andare da principij a gli effetti, & chiama&longs;i <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg163"></arrow.to.target><lb/>demo&longs;tratione dal primo all'ultimo, al contra <lb/>rio della demo&longs;tratione detta perche, laquale <lb/>ua dall'ultimo al primo, & &longs;e i principij di ta­<lb/>le demo&longs;tratione &longs;aranno remoti ne na&longs;cerà <lb/>una demo&longs;tratione poco piu perfetta di detta <pb pagenum="137"/>demo&longs;tratione, perche &longs;e &longs;aranno anco proßi­<lb/>mi, ouero che &longs;aranno formali, conuertibili, <lb/>& che inferiranno e&longs;&longs;a co&longs;a, ne na&longs;cerà la de <lb/>mo&longs;tratione potißima a mio giuditio, &longs;e bene <lb/>uogliono alcuni che &longs;ieno differenti in que&longs;to, <lb/>che nella gia detta &longs;i &longs;opponga il que&longs;ito &longs;i è, <lb/>& che nella potißima &longs;i proui in&longs;ieme dando <lb/>la cagione della co&longs;a. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Que&longs;ta è <lb/>una &longs;uttilità di poco momento, però &longs;eguite <lb/>&longs;enza indugio. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Po&longs;&longs;ono e&longs;&longs;ere i prin <lb/>cipij della demo&longs;tratione che ne dà la cagione <lb/>efficienti, cioè che inferi&longs;cono la conclu&longs;ione <lb/>&longs;olamente, & non e&longs;&longs;ere conuertibili, da che <lb/>ne na&longs;cerà una demo&longs;tratione, laquale è diffe <lb/>rente dalla potißima e&longs;&longs;entialmente, perche <lb/>e&longs;&longs;a ha &longs;olamente i principij, che &longs;ono come <lb/>cau&longs;a efficiente, & la potißima ha principij <lb/>& che cau&longs;ano, & che in&longs;ieme, in&longs;ieme &longs;o­<lb/>no principij di e&longs;&longs;a co&longs;a intrin&longs;eci, & conuer­<lb/>tibili, & però la potißima ne darà la &longs;cien­<lb/>za infallibile, perche ne porgerà la uera ca­<lb/>gione immediata, & intrin&longs;eca. I cui mezi <lb/>&longs;ono la diffinitione, il genere, la differenza & <lb/>il proprio. della potißima &longs;empre è la diffini­<lb/>tione alla quale &longs;i conuengono tutte quelle pro <lb/>prietà che uuole Ari&longs;totele conuenir&longs;i a prin­<lb/>cipij di tale demo&longs;tratione, & de gli altri &longs;e <lb/>ne &longs;eruono le altre demo&longs;trationi. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> <pb pagenum="138"/>La diffinitione che è mezo della potißima demo <lb/>stratione, importa, che ella &longs;ia diffinitione piu <lb/>del &longs;ugetto, che del predicato? T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> De <lb/>ue e&longs;&longs;ere diffinitione di amendue, perche &longs;e i <lb/>principij di tale demo&longs;tratione &longs;ono conuertibi <lb/>li, & tali principij non e&longs;&longs;endo altro che &longs;u­<lb/>getto & predicato, & la diffinitione impli­<lb/>cando&longs;i & co'l &longs;ugetto, & co'l predicato è ne­<lb/>ce&longs;&longs;ario che conuertendo&longs;i con uno, & e&longs;&longs;en­<lb/>do &longs;ua diffinitione che &longs;i conuerta anco con l'al <lb/>tro, & che &longs;ia &longs;ua diffinitione, ben è uero che <lb/>&longs;arà &longs;olamente della paßione diffinitione cau&longs;a <lb/>le, & del &longs;ugetto &longs;arà formale, & cau&longs;ale. <lb/>M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Et perche non formale della paßio­<lb/>ne? T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Perche &longs;eguirebbe che la paßio <lb/>ne fo&longs;&longs;e &longs;u&longs;tanza, &longs;e ella haue&longs;&longs;e la diffinitione <lb/>formalmente del &longs;ugetto. però diciamo che è <lb/>&longs;olamente cau&longs;ale, ò efficiente della paßione, <lb/>& del &longs;ugetto formale, & cau&longs;ale in&longs;ieme, <lb/>come in que&longs;to e&longs;&longs;empio. L'animale rationale <lb/>mortale è ri&longs;ibile, l'huomo è animale rationa <lb/>le, mortale, adunque è ri&longs;ibile: ecco che ani <lb/>male rationale mortale che è il mezo nella de <lb/>mo&longs;tratione, è diffinitione formale, & cau&longs;a­<lb/>le dell'huomo, che è il &longs;ugetto, & del ri&longs;ibile <lb/>che è la paßione è &longs;olo diffinitione cau&longs;ale. <lb/>M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Intorno a que&longs;ta prima parte de me­<lb/>todi altro non de&longs;idero, &longs;e non che uoi parlia- <pb pagenum="139"/>te un poco piu diffu&longs;amente intorno al modo <lb/>del trouare il mezo termine. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Que­<lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg164"></arrow.to.target><lb/>sto che mi richiedete &longs;on per dirui molto uo­<lb/>lentieri, ma con patto però che &longs;ubito uenia­<lb/>mo a gli altri metodi. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Il dire, & <lb/>il la&longs;ciare di dire stà a uoi, perche non ui ho <lb/>richie&longs;to per a&longs;trignerui alla ri&longs;po&longs;ta. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/><lb/>se uoi non mi a&longs;trignete, mi a&longs;trigne almeno <lb/>la humanita, & corte&longs;ia uo&longs;tra, & però di­<lb/>co che quando uolete prouare qualche co&longs;a, <lb/>prima ui douete accertare &longs;e la propo&longs;itione, <lb/>che uolete prouare è uniuer&longs;ale affirmatiua, <lb/>ò negatiua, ò particolare negatiua, ò affir­<lb/>matiua, & &longs;e &longs;ia uniuer&longs;ale affirmatiua cer­<lb/>cate un termine uniuer&longs;ale, che uniuer&longs;almeu <lb/>te &longs;i predichi del &longs;ugetto, del quale ancora &longs;i <lb/>predichi uniuer&longs;almente il predicato, come &longs;e <lb/>uolete prouare che l'huomo &longs;ia ri&longs;ibile piglia­<lb/>te l'animale rationale. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Et &longs;e uole&longs;&longs;e <lb/>prouare la propo&longs;itione uniuer&longs;ale negatiua, <lb/>che mezo debbo pigliare. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Cercarete <lb/>un mezo, ilquale uniuer&longs;almente di uno &longs;i pre <lb/>dichi, & dall'altro al tutto &longs;i rimuoua. <lb/>M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Et &longs;e mi occorrerà di prouare la par <lb/>ticolare affirmatiua? T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Prenderete pa­<lb/>rimente un termine, del quale l'uno de i ter­<lb/>mini &longs;i predichi uniuer&longs;almente, & che con <lb/>l'altro almeno particolarmente conuegna <pb pagenum="140"/>À prouare la particolare negatiua piglieraßi <lb/>un mezo che a un termine conuerrà, & al­<lb/>l'altro. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Importarà egli che que&longs;to <lb/>termine conuenga piu ad uno, che all'altro? <lb/>T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Non importa, in quanto che non <lb/>impedi&longs;ce a &longs;illogizare, ma importa bene que <lb/>sto ri&longs;petto che uariando i termini uariano le <lb/>figure, & i modi, uerbigratia uolete proua­<lb/>re l'uniuer&longs;ale negatiua, &longs;e pigliate il mezo <lb/>termine, ilquale &longs;i predichi del &longs;ugetto, fare <lb/>te il &longs;illogi&longs;mo &longs;econdo della prima figura, & <lb/>il primo della &longs;econda: ma &longs;e &longs;i predicarà il <lb/>mezo termine del predicato, all'hora farete <lb/>il &longs;illogi&longs;mo &longs;econdo della &longs;econda figura, & <lb/>co&longs;i &longs;imilmente auerrà de gli altri. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/><lb/>Et che mi dirizzerà in trouare que&longs;to mezo <lb/>termine. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Vi aiutaranno il metodo <lb/>&longs;olutiuo, il diui&longs;iuo, & il ri&longs;olutiuo, & il <lb/>diffinitiuo come uederete. Oltra di que&longs;to uoi <lb/>&longs;apete che il logico &longs;i ha proueduto di luoghi, <lb/>oue po&longs;ti &longs;ono i mezi termini, come in un pron <lb/>tuario, accioche ad un tratto po&longs;&longs;a darli di ma <lb/>no nelle occorenze &longs;enza molto affaticar&longs;i; de <lb/>quali luoghi Ari&longs;totele ne trattò, ne &longs;cri&longs;&longs;e <lb/>Cicerone, ma piu ri&longs;trettamente di e&longs;&longs;o Ari­<lb/>stotele, & amendue chiamorono quei trattati <lb/>i libri de luoghi, gran numero de moderni pa <lb/>rimente ne hanno parlato, tra' quali Ridolfo <pb pagenum="141"/>Agricola tiene il primo grado, pone egli uin­<lb/>tiquattro luoghi, doue di quale &longs;i uoglia me­<lb/>zo termine trouare &longs;i può. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Dichia <lb/>rate prima che co&longs;a &longs;ia luogo, poi datemi la <lb/>&longs;ua diffinitione, & finalmente la dichiaratio­<lb/>ne de particolari luoghi. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Il luogo <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg165"></arrow.to.target><lb/>non è altro che un &longs;egno, ouero una &longs;edia do­<lb/>ue &longs;e ne sta il mezo termine, ò argumento che <lb/>ne uogliam dire, & il mezo termine è quella <lb/>mi&longs;ura, che noi adoperiamo a far fede di quel <lb/>lo che &longs;i dubita, con che mi&longs;urando le due <lb/>e&longs;tremità uenimo in cognitione della qualità, <lb/>ò inequalità loro, come à dire: uoglio &longs;apere <lb/>&longs;e ogni huomo è ri&longs;ibile, me ne uò al luogo che <lb/>chiamiamo diffinitione, & me ne prendo que&longs;to <lb/>mezo termine, cioè animale rationale morta­<lb/>le, che è la diffinitione dell'huomo, & prima <lb/>lo metto al pari della paßione dicendo, ogni <lb/>animale rationale è mortale, e ri&longs;ibile, & in <lb/>que&longs;to ueggio l'equalità che è tra'l mezo ter­<lb/>mine, & la paßione, però di nuouo repiglio <lb/>il mezo termine, & l'applico al &longs;ugetto, cioè <lb/>huomo, & dico che ogni huomo è animale ra <lb/>tionale mortale, da che uengo poi à conclude <lb/>re che ogni huomo è ri&longs;ibile per la ragione ma <lb/>tematica, laquale è che quegli che &longs;ono ugua­<lb/>li a un terzo tra loro &longs;ono uguali. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/><lb/>Bella dichiaratione. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Seguiremo di <pb pagenum="142"/>bene in meglto. Et perche noi hauemo detto <lb/>il luogo e&longs;&longs;ere diffinitione, & il mezo e&longs;&longs;ere <lb/>anco diffinitione, non occorre di &longs;gomentar&longs;i, <lb/>che in quanto mezo &longs;ia dimandata diffinitio­<lb/>ne, & in quanto luogo ancora, però che uoi <lb/>&longs;apete che nelle co&longs;e naturali i luoghi non &longs;ono <lb/>di&longs;tinti da i locati, & per lo piu ritengono <lb/>il mede&longs;imo nome. Le regole dal mezo ter­<lb/>mine &longs;ono &longs;imili a quelle della mi&longs;ura del mu­<lb/>ratore, & bi&longs;ogna che &longs;ia immutabile, che <lb/>non &longs;i po&longs;&longs;a alungare, ouero abbreuiare, de­<lb/>ue e&longs;&longs;ere uguale a quello di che è mi&longs;ura, & <lb/>non &longs;olo in apparenza deue hauere que&longs;ta <lb/>proprietà, ma ueramente &longs;ia tale &longs;econdo la <lb/>&longs;ua e&longs;&longs;enza. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> In che modo cono&longs;ce­<lb/>remo noi che habbia tutte que&longs;te proprietà? <lb/>T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Cono&longs;cendo prima da quai luoghi na <lb/>&longs;cano, & cono&longs;cendo &longs;imilmente la &longs;ua e&longs;&longs;en­<lb/>za in&longs;ieme con le regole, & precetti che in­<lb/>torno a i &longs;illogi&longs;mi &longs;ono state date, & &longs;e &longs;are <lb/>mo anco periti delle fallacie, a ciò &longs;arà mol­<lb/>to utile. Hor dunque il luogo è la stanza del <lb/>mezo termine, co'l quale potemo &longs;atisfare <lb/>ogni que&longs;ito, ouero mi&longs;urare ogni &longs;orte di ter <lb/>mine. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> I termini &longs;ono eglino infini­<lb/>ti? T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Sarebbono &longs;e l'huomo non haue&longs;­<lb/>&longs;e, (come ha fatto nell'altre co&longs;e) &longs;ottratto <lb/>da i particolari certe communità, lequali co- <pb pagenum="143"/>no&longs;ciute fanno che &longs;i cono&longs;cano parimente i <lb/>particolari. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Quante &longs;ono que&longs;te <lb/>communità? T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Sono quattro, genere, <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg166"></arrow.to.target><lb/>differenza, diffinitione, proprio, & acciden <lb/>te. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Come &longs;ono quattro &longs;e uoi ne po­<lb/>nete cinque? T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Sono cinque in quanto <lb/>al numero, ma in quanto all'e&longs;&longs;enza &longs;ono quat <lb/>tro, perche noi diremo che i termini, cioè pre <lb/>dicati &longs;ono ò &longs;u&longs;tantiali, ò accdientali: &longs;e &longs;u <lb/>stantiali, ò &longs;implici, ò compo&longs;ti, & co&longs;i de <lb/>gli accidentali a tal che &longs;aranno &longs;olo quattro <lb/>membri. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Datene di gratia l'e&longs;&longs;em­<lb/>pio. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> I predicati &longs;u&longs;tantiali, & &longs;em­<lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg167"></arrow.to.target><lb/>plici &longs;ono il genere, & la differenza, i com­<lb/>po&longs;ti è la diffinitione, i &longs;empli accidentali &longs;ono <lb/>il proprio & l'accidente, i compo&longs;ti &longs;ono le de <lb/>&longs;crittioni, delle quali non hauemo fatto men­<lb/>tione, perche altro non &longs;ono che uno aggrega­<lb/>to di accidenti, & &longs;i riducono al proprio, per <lb/>che parimente &longs;i conuertono con la &longs;pecie, co­<lb/>me è e&longs;&longs;o proprio. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> La &longs;pecie non è <lb/>ella predicato? T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Ella è in ri&longs;petto de' <lb/>particolari, ma perche l'arte&longs;ice, & il &longs;cien­<lb/>ti&longs;ico non de&longs;cendono mai a particolari, ma <lb/>tutto quello che prouano, lo prouano della &longs;pe <lb/>cie, per que&longs;to la &longs;pecie non deue e&longs;&longs;er po&longs;ta <lb/>tra i predicati. M<emph type="roman"/>OR<emph.end type="roman"/> Adunque &longs;i ricer­<lb/>ca di &longs;apere &longs;e le predicate, di che hauete det- <pb pagenum="144"/>to &longs;ono predicati di tal &longs;ugetto, ò nò, al che <lb/>fare, bi&longs;ogna hauere molti mezi termini. <lb/>T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Però &longs;enza indugio ueniamo a i dop­<lb/>pi. per prima conuiene che i luoghi &longs;ieno piu, <lb/>perche anco i mezi termini &longs;ono piu, quantun <lb/>que non &longs;ieno infiniti &longs;e bene le co&longs;e uanno in <lb/>infinito, perche, come ho gia detto, da gli <lb/>huomim prudenti è stato fatto, che tutte quel <lb/>le co&longs;e che conuengono in una mede&longs;ima e&longs;&longs;en­<lb/>za, ò proprietà, ò accidente, &longs;ieno chiama­<lb/>te dal nome di quella communità, & cono&longs;ciu <lb/>te anco per mezo di quella, & perciò i luo­<lb/>ghi, che &longs;ono luoghi non de i particolari, ma <lb/>delle communità &longs;ottratte da i particolari &longs;o­<lb/>no finite. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Et quanti &longs;ono que&longs;ti <lb/>luoghi? T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Io ui ho gia detto che &longs;ono <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg168"></arrow.to.target><lb/>uentiquattro, & la loro diui&longs;ione &longs;i fa in que <lb/>sto modo, cioè, ò &longs;ono luoghi delle co&longs;e in­<lb/>trin&longs;eche, ouero delle e&longs;trin&longs;eche. Ma ac­<lb/>cioche uoi habbiate un modello di tutta la di­<lb/>ui&longs;ione de i luoghi pigliate que&longs;ta tauoletta. </s> </p> <pb pagenum="145"/> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg91"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>In&longs;trumen <lb/>ti dichiara <lb/>tiui, di <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> <lb/>te &longs;orti &longs;ie­<lb/>no.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg92"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Metodo in <lb/>quanti mo <lb/>di &longs;i piglia.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg93"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Diffinitio­<lb/>ne della <lb/>nia.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg94"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Metodi <lb/>quanti &longs;ie­<lb/>no.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg95"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Differenza <lb/>tra il Meto <lb/>do', & gli <lb/>ordini.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg96"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Que&longs;iti <gap/><lb/>la co&longs;a <expan abbr="cõ">com</expan> <lb/>accidente, <lb/>& di <expan abbr="&qtilde;lla">qualla</expan>, <lb/>che è &longs;en­<lb/>za.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg97"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Accidenti, <lb/>di quante <lb/>&longs;orti.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg98"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Natura del <lb/>&longs;ugetto.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg99"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Dimo&longs;tra­<lb/>tione à ch<gap/><lb/>&longs;erua.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg100"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Dimo&longs;tra­<lb/>tione quan <lb/>te propo&longs;i­<lb/>tioni hab­<lb/>bia, & co­<lb/>me &longs;i chia­<lb/>mino.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg101"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Dimo&longs;tra­<lb/>tioni<gap/><lb/>&longs;i uari<gap/>.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg102"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Sillogi&longs;­<lb/>mo da qu<gap/><lb/>ti termini <lb/>ri&longs;uiti.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg103"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Termini <lb/>logicali, <lb/>quai &longs;ieno.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg104"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Voce, che <lb/>co&longs;a &longs;ia.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg105"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Diui&longs;ione <lb/>della uoce.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg106"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Voce art<gap/><lb/>ciale.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg107"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Voce della <lb/>prima <expan abbr="int&etilde;">intem</expan> <lb/>tione.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg108"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Voce della <lb/>&longs;econda in <lb/>tentione.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg109"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Voci quan <lb/>te &longs;ieno.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg110"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Vniuer&longs;a­<lb/>le, qual &longs;ia.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg111"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Genere.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg112"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/><expan abbr="Differ&etilde;za">Differenza</expan>.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg113"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Proprio.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg114"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/><expan abbr="Accid&etilde;te">Accidente</expan>.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg115"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Predicatio <lb/>ne, in <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> <lb/>ti modi &longs;i <lb/>facci.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg116"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Vniuoci.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg117"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Denomi­<lb/>natim.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg118"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Diui&longs;ione <lb/>de dieci <lb/><expan abbr="l'redicam&etilde;">l'redicamen</expan> <lb/>1.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg119"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Differenza <lb/>tra il predi <lb/>camento, <lb/>& il predi­<lb/>cato.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg120"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Oppo&longs;itio <lb/>ni di uoci.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg121"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Nome, & <lb/>Verbo<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg122"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Di quale <lb/>&longs;orte d'ora <lb/>tione può <lb/>&longs;eruir&longs;i il <lb/>Logico.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg123"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/><expan abbr="Enũciatio-ne">Enunciatio­<lb/>ne</expan>, di che <lb/>&longs;ia compo <lb/>&longs;ta.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg124"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/><expan abbr="Enũciatio-ne">Enunciatio­<lb/>ne</expan> come &longs;i <lb/>diuida.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg125"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/><expan abbr="Enũciatio-ne">Enunciatio­<lb/>ne</expan> uniuer­<lb/>&longs;ale. Par­<lb/>ticolare.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg126"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Indefinita<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg127"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Propo&longs;itio <lb/>ne dal pri­<lb/>mo <expan abbr="adiac&etilde;">adiacem</expan> <lb/>te.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg128"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Del <expan abbr="&longs;ecõ-do">&longs;econ­<lb/>do</expan> <expan abbr="adiac&etilde;-te">adiacen­<lb/>te</expan>.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg129"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Propo&longs;itio <lb/>ni de Ine&longs;­<lb/>&longs;e.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg130"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Propo&longs;itio <lb/>ni modali.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg131"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Propo&longs;itio <lb/>ni hipoteti <lb/>ce.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg132"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Oppo&longs;itio <lb/>nedi pro­<lb/>po&longs;itioni.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg133"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Conuer&longs;io <lb/>ne di pro­<lb/>po&longs;itioni.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg134"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Prepo&longs;itio <lb/>m nece&longs;&longs;a­<lb/>rie.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg135"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Sillogi&longs;­<lb/>mo che co <lb/>&longs;a &longs;ia.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg136"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Sillogi&longs;­<lb/>mo in <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> <lb/>ti modi &longs;i <lb/>confideri.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg137"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Diui&longs;ione <lb/>del Sillogi <lb/>&longs;mo.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg138"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Termini <lb/>del Sillogi <lb/>&longs;mo.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg139"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>E&longs;tremità <lb/>de' Sillogi <lb/>&longs;mi.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg140"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Figura de' <lb/>Sillogi&longs;mi.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg141"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Dittioni <lb/>della pri­<lb/>ma, &longs;econ <lb/>da, & ter­<lb/>za figura <lb/>de Sillogi­<lb/>&longs;mi.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg142"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>E&longs;&longs;empio <lb/>fi&longs;ico nella <lb/>prima figu <lb/>ra.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg143"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>E&longs;&longs;empio <lb/>del &longs;econ­<lb/>do modo.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg144"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>E&longs;&longs;empio <lb/>del terzo <lb/>modo, & <lb/>del quarto.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg145"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Gradi del­<lb/>la &longs;econda <lb/>figura.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg146"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Conuer&longs;io <lb/>ne per <expan abbr="l'ī-po&longs;sibile">l'in­<lb/>po&longs;sibile</expan>.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg147"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Modi del­<lb/>la terza fi­<lb/>gura.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg148"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Gli inuen­<lb/>tori dei &longs;il <lb/>logi&longs;mi <lb/>che <expan abbr="īdiret-tam&etilde;te">indiret­<lb/>tamente</expan> <expan abbr="cõ-cludono">con­<lb/>cludono</expan>.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg149"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Que&longs;ta fi­<lb/>gura de' &longs;il <lb/>logi&longs;mi, co <lb/>me &longs;i po&longs;la <lb/>far <expan abbr="&longs;ecõdo">&longs;econdo</expan> <lb/>Galeno.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg150"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Quarta fi­<lb/>gura pche <lb/>è uana.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg151"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Ari&longs;totele, <lb/>perche po <lb/>&longs;e tre &longs;orti <lb/>di &longs;illogi&longs;­<lb/>mi, & non <lb/>piu, ne me <lb/>no.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg152"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/><expan abbr="Argom&etilde;ti">Argomenti</expan> <lb/>di quante <lb/>&longs;orti &longs;ieno.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg153"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Sillogi&longs;­<lb/>mo Topi­<lb/>co.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg154"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>E&longs;&longs;empio.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg155"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Induttio­<lb/>ne, che co <lb/>&longs;a &longs;ia.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg156"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Entime­<lb/>ma.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg157"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Propo&longs;itio <lb/>ni probabi <lb/>li.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg158"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Sillogi&longs;mo <lb/>Sofi&longs;tico.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg159"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Meta &dtail;l &longs;o <lb/>fi&longs;ta.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg160"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Arguta ri­<lb/>&longs;po&longs;ta di <lb/>Socrate.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg161"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Demo&longs;tra <lb/>tione, & <lb/>&longs;uo <gap/>&longs;o.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg162"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Demo&longs;tra <lb/>tione de­<lb/>mo&longs;tratiua <lb/>& &longs;ue &longs;pe­<lb/>cie.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg163"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Demo&longs;tra <lb/>tione dal <lb/>primo al­<lb/>l'ultimo.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg164"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Mezo ter­<lb/>mine co­<lb/>me &longs;i troui<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg165"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Luogo, <lb/>che co&longs;a <lb/>&longs;ia.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg166"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Communi <lb/>tà quante <lb/>&longs;ieno.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg167"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Predicati <lb/>&longs;u&longs;tantiali, <lb/>&longs;emplici, <lb/>& compe­<lb/>&longs;ti.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg168"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Luoghi, et <lb/>loro diui­<lb/>&longs;ione.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="caption"> <s>TAVOLA.<lb/> <arrow.to.target n="fig2"></arrow.to.target> <pb pagenum="146"/> <arrow.to.target n="marg169"></arrow.to.target></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg169"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Dichiara ­<lb/>tione de' <lb/>luoghi.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <figure id="fig2"></figure> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="roman"/>Q<emph.end type="roman"/>V<emph type="roman"/>ESTA<emph.end type="roman"/> è la tauola di tutti i luo­<lb/>ghi, quale hora dichiararemo. <lb/>M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> I luoghi interni non &longs;ono <lb/>quegli, i quali talmente &longs;ono nelle co&longs;e incar <lb/>nati, che e&longs;&longs;e non po&longs;&longs;ono e&longs;&longs;ere &longs;enza di loro? <lb/>T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Sono eßi, & danno anco l'e&longs;&longs;ere a e&longs;­<lb/>&longs;a co&longs;a, ne i quali poi uedrete infißi gli e&longs;ter­<lb/>ni, & quegli &longs;ono intorno alla &longs;u&longs;tanza della <lb/>co&longs;a, quali portano a quella in certo modo, <lb/>ouero affettione, ma però non &longs;ono &longs;ue parti. <lb/>M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Le cau&longs;e debbono poi e&longs;&longs;ere quelle, <lb/>che la producono. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Si, ma però non <lb/>&longs;ono della &longs;ua e&longs;&longs;enza, & le coniugate &longs;ono <lb/>quelle, lequali e&longs;&longs;endo e&longs;terne, tuttauia ne­<lb/>ce&longs;&longs;ariamente aggiunte accompagnano la co&longs;a <lb/>i&longs;te&longs;&longs;a. Le applicate &longs;ono poi quelle, dalle qua <lb/>li la co&longs;a non è fatta, ma riceue però una cer <lb/>ta habitudine, & nome da loro. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/><lb/>Gli accidenti credo che &longs;ieno quegli, che non <lb/>nece&longs;&longs;ariamente &longs;ono attaccati alla co&longs;a. <lb/>T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> eßi &longs;ono. Gli repugnanti potiamo <lb/>dire che &longs;ieno quegli che &longs;cambieuolmente di­<lb/>&longs;cacciano l'uno l'altro, ne &longs;i po&longs;&longs;ono patire in <lb/>un mede&longs;imo &longs;uggetto; hor ueniamo a partico <lb/>lari luoghi M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Ne i luoghi interni, <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg170"></arrow.to.target><lb/>& che &longs;ono della &longs;u&longs;tanza, ui è la diffinitio­<lb/>ne, che altro non è che una oratione breue, <lb/>che chiaramente e&longs;pone che co&longs;a &longs;ia la co&longs;a di <pb pagenum="147"/>che è diffinitione, dando di e&longs;&longs;a il genere pro­<lb/>prio, & la propria differenza. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Al­<lb/>la cui cognitione fa bi&longs;ogno di &longs;apere, che il ge <lb/>nere è una uoce della &longs;econda intentione, la­<lb/>quale &longs;i predica &longs;u&longs;tantialmente di molti diffe­<lb/>renti di &longs;pecie, & che la &longs;pecie è quella che &longs;i <lb/>&longs;uppone al genere, di che e&longs;&longs;o &longs;i predica, & <lb/>che parimente &longs;i predica di piu differenti di <lb/>numero. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> La cognitione della diffe­<lb/>renza a ancora farà alla cognitione della diffini­<lb/>tione; parlando però della differenza &longs;u&longs;tan­<lb/>tiale, laquale fa che una co&longs;a è differente <lb/>dall'altra e&longs;&longs;entialmente, & non accidental­<lb/>mente, perche que&longs;to è ufficio della differenza <lb/>accidentale. Le leggi della diffinitione &longs;ono <lb/>che dichiari la e&longs;&longs;enza della co&longs;a, che &longs;ia bre <lb/>ue, chiara, & che in &longs;e non contenga parole <lb/>o&longs;cure, & &longs;inalmente che conuenga a tutto <lb/>il diffinito, & que&longs;to ne potrà ba&longs;tare in quan <lb/>to alla intelligenza della diffinitione. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/><lb/>Dite pure, che l'è detto a&longs;&longs;ai ancora & del ge­<lb/>nere, & della &longs;pecie, & differenza in&longs;ieme. <lb/>M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Come ui pare, che in quanto a me <lb/>&longs;on contentißimo. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Il tutto, & le par <lb/>ti, & il proprio &longs;eguono: il proprio è quel­<lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg171"></arrow.to.target><lb/>l'accidente, che &longs;i conuerte con la co&longs;a di che <lb/>è proprio, & a lei conuiene &longs;empre, & a tut <lb/>ti quei particolari, che &longs;ono &longs;otto di e&longs;&longs;a: ne <pb pagenum="148"/>ad altri può conuenire, come fa il ri&longs;ibile al­<lb/>l'huomo: il tutto è, come per e&longs;&longs;empio, la ca­<lb/>&longs;a; & le parti &longs;ono come le fondamenta, le <lb/>parieti, & il tetto. Alle uolte il tutto &longs;i <lb/>piglia per il genere; & le parti per la &longs;pecie; <lb/>quantunque impropriamente: conuengono in­<lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg172"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;ieme il genere, & il tutto; perche &longs;i come <lb/>il genere contiene in &longs;e la &longs;pecie, co&longs;i il tutto <lb/>contien la parte; ma &longs;ono poi differenti, per­<lb/>che &longs;e deue e&longs;&longs;ere il genere, è nece&longs;&longs;ario che <lb/>&longs;ia la &longs;pecie ma &longs;e bene è la parte non è il ge­<lb/>nere: il tutto non può stare &longs;enza tutte le &longs;ue <lb/>parti; il genere può tuttauia &longs;aluar&longs;i in una <lb/>&longs;pecie &longs;ola. Si diuidono le parti in piu modi; <lb/>ouero che &longs;ono &longs;u&longs;tanze, come è il muro, il <lb/>tetto della ca&longs;a, ouero che &longs;ono quantità co­<lb/>me le oncie della bilancia, i numeri della de­<lb/>cina, ouero che &longs;ono parti uirtualmente, co­<lb/>me quando diciamo, eßere piu di lume nel &longs;o <lb/>le, che non è nella luna; piu &longs;apienza in Pla <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg173"></arrow.to.target><lb/>tone che in Ari&longs;tippo. Si diuidono ancora le <lb/>parti in neceßarie, & non neceßarie: nece&longs;­<lb/>&longs;arie &longs;ono quelle che co&longs;titui&longs;cono la co&longs;a in e&longs; <lb/>&longs;ere, come il corpo, & l'anima &longs;ono che co­<lb/>stitui&longs;cono l'huomo: le parti non neceßarie <lb/>&longs;ono quelle, &longs;enza alcuna delle quali può e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>re la co&longs;a, come i piedi, &longs;enza quali può e&longs;&longs;ere <lb/>l'huomo. Si diuidono ancora le parti in ho- <pb pagenum="149"/>mogenee (parlando greco) & heterogenee, <lb/>cioè &longs;imilari, & dißimilari: le &longs;imilari &longs;ono <lb/>quelle, che &longs;eparate del tutto ritengono il no­<lb/>me del tutto, come &longs;ono le parti dell'acqua: le <lb/>dißimilari &longs;ono quelle, che &longs;eparate non riten <lb/>gono il nome del tutto come è nell'huomo la <lb/>mano, il braccio, & altre; & qui fini&longs;cono <lb/>iluoghi, che &longs;ono nella &longs;u&longs;tanza. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/><lb/>Scguirò io dunque a quelli che &longs;ono intorno al <lb/>la &longs;u&longs;tanza, & primo &longs;i offeri&longs;cono i coniu­<lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg174"></arrow.to.target><lb/>gati, i quali &longs;ono di molte &longs;orti; & però na­<lb/>&longs;cono da una i&longs;te&longs;&longs;a co&longs;a, come giu&longs;to, & giu <lb/>stamente, che &longs;ono congiugati dalla giu&longs;titia, <lb/>& da lei na&longs;cono. Ne &longs;eruiremo di que&longs;ti a <lb/>cono&longs;cere la co&longs;a, di che &longs;ono coniugati, come <lb/>&longs;e uogliamo &longs;apere che co&longs;a &longs;ia &longs;apienza, co'l <lb/>mezo della diffinitione de &longs;apienti potremo ue­<lb/>nirne in cognitione di quella, co&longs;i dell'anima <lb/>co'l mezo della diffinitione dell'animato, & <lb/>d'altri. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Ai coniugati &longs;eguono gli <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg175"></arrow.to.target><lb/>adiacenti, ò accidenti che ne uogliam dire, <lb/>quali &longs;ono certi modi della co&longs;a, da che e&longs;&longs;a <lb/>piglia il nome differente da quello della &longs;u&longs;tan <lb/>za &longs;ua propria, come Catone è detto prudente <lb/>dalla prudenza, e&longs;&longs;endo che è chiamato huo­<lb/>mo dalla &longs;u&longs;tanza &longs;ua; & per dir meglio, l'ac <lb/>cidente è quello, che può e&longs;&longs;ere, & non e&longs;&longs;e­<lb/>re, &longs;enza che &longs;i corrompa la &longs;u&longs;tanza &longs;ua. <pb pagenum="150"/> <arrow.to.target n="marg176"></arrow.to.target><lb/>M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Gli accidenti &longs;i diuidono in molte ma <lb/>niere, ouero che &longs;ono compre&longs;i &longs;otto i &longs;en&longs;i, <lb/>come i colori, gli odori, i &longs;apori, la durezza, <lb/>la tenerezza, & altri: ouero che non &longs;ono <lb/>da &longs;en&longs;i &longs;entiti, ma dall'intelletto inte&longs;i, come <lb/>ogni &longs;orte di quantità, come è il numero; & <lb/>alcune qualità, come è la uirtù della calami­<lb/>ta con che e&longs;&longs;a tira il ferro. Si diuidono an­<lb/>cora gli accidenti in innati, & aduentitij, <lb/>& innati &longs;ono come la calidità nel fuoco, la <lb/>humidità nell'acqua; gli aduentitij &longs;ono come <lb/>la calidità nell'acqua, le arti, & le &longs;cienze <lb/>nell'huomo; & de gli aduentitij, ouero che <lb/>&longs;i rimuouono facilmente dal &longs;ugetto, ouero <lb/>difficilmente: la ro&longs;&longs;ezza che per uergogna <lb/>uiene nella faccia all'huomo, è di quegli che fa <lb/>cilmente &longs;i rimuouono; le &longs;cienze, & arti <lb/>&longs;ono poi di quegli che &longs;i rimuouono difficilmen <lb/>te. Diuidon&longs;i gli accidenti ancora in pertinen <lb/>ti al corpo, & in pertinenti all'animo; & que <lb/>gli, che &longs;i pertengono al corpo, &longs;ono la uelo­<lb/>cità, la bellezza, & altri; & quegli che &longs;i <lb/>pertengono all'animo, &longs;ono come il cre&longs;cere al­<lb/>l'anima uegetatiua, il moto alla &longs;en&longs;itiua, al <lb/>la intellettiua i uitij, & le uirtù. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/><lb/>L'atto che immediatamente &longs;egue gli acciden­<lb/>ti, è quello che in un certo modo ne affligge, <lb/>& e&longs;&longs;ercita; & altri de gli atti na&longs;cono da <pb pagenum="151"/>gli accidenti innati, come dal lume del Sole, <lb/>lo illuminare: altri na&longs;cono parimente da gli <lb/>accidenti aduentitij, come lo &longs;criuere, il uer­<lb/>gognar&longs;i; & &longs;onoui ancora alcuni de gli atti, <lb/>che fanno opera, come l'edificio: alcuni al­<lb/>tri, che non la&longs;ciano dopò &longs;e opera, come il <lb/>pa&longs;&longs;eggiare, il ballare: Si diuidono ancora <lb/>gli atti; ouero che &longs;ono pertinenti alla gene­<lb/>ratione, ouero alla corrottione, ouero all au­<lb/>gumentatione, ouero inuentione, ouero alla <lb/>mutatione della qualità, ouero finalmente al­<lb/>li mutatione del luogo. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Dirò io del <lb/>&longs;uggetto, per che io uoglio che l'i&longs;pediamo, il­<lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg177"></arrow.to.target><lb/>quale è quello che &longs;i fonda in qualche co&longs;a, co­<lb/>me è il muro in che &longs;i fonda il colore, ouero m <lb/>torno alquale opera qualche co&longs;a, come intor <lb/>no al corpo humano opera la medicina. Al­<lb/>cuni de'&longs;uggetti ancora &longs;ono &longs;ugetti de gli acci <lb/>denti, come il fuoco della calidità; altri &longs;ono <lb/>&longs;ugetti della operatione, come il fuoco è &longs;oget <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg178"></arrow.to.target><lb/>to dello &longs;caldare, & la&longs;ciando le altre diui&longs;io­<lb/>ni, annoto &longs;olo che le &longs;u&longs;tanze propriamente <lb/>&longs;i chiamano &longs;ugetti. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Le cau&longs;e, del­<lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg179"></arrow.to.target><lb/>le quali molto ne &longs;eruiamo, &longs;ono quelle, che <lb/>producono le co&longs;e, & ne &longs;ono di quattro &longs;orti, <lb/>cioe la materiale, laquale non è altro che il <lb/>&longs;ugetto di cui &longs;i genera la co&longs;a, & e&longs;&longs;a è poi <lb/>parte della co&longs;a generata. La &longs;econda è la <lb/>formale, laquale congiugnendo&longs;i con la mate- <pb pagenum="152"/>riale, gli dona l'e&longs;&longs;ere. La terza è la efficien <lb/>te, che è quella, che muoue la formale, & <lb/>di&longs;pone la materiale à compor&longs;i in&longs;ieme. La <lb/>quarta è la finale, & è quella per cui tutte <lb/>le altre operano, & &longs;pe&longs;&longs;o &longs;i conuerte con la <lb/>formale, come per e&longs;&longs;empio, l'artefice è effi­<lb/>ciente della ca&longs;a, la materia &longs;ono i &longs;aßi, legni, <lb/>& altri; la forma è, che &longs;ia quadrata, & <lb/>che habbia tutte quelle parti, che in &longs;e l'effi­<lb/>ciente ha conceputo; & il fine è il mede&longs;imo, <lb/>cioè che la ca&longs;a habbia ottenuta la &longs;ua propria <lb/>forma; parlando pero del fine interno, & non <lb/>dello &longs;copo, perche lo &longs;copo mai &longs;i conuerte <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg180"></arrow.to.target><lb/>con la forma. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> L'euento è quello, il­<lb/>quale per la forza delle cau&longs;e, che gia uoi ha <lb/>uete raccontate, diuiene; & que&longs;to o uero che <lb/>è effetto, o uero effetto, ma de&longs;tinato a qual­<lb/>che fine: effetto come è il pane del pi&longs;tore, la <lb/>tela del teßitore; effetto de&longs;tinato è come &longs;o­<lb/>no le leggi de&longs;tinate alla pace, & &longs;imili. & <lb/>deue&longs;i auuertire che una mede&longs;ima co&longs;a aßi­<lb/>migliata a diuer&longs;e altre co&longs;e, hora &longs;arà effi­<lb/>ciente, hora fine, hora effetto &longs;emplicemente, <lb/>& hora effetto de&longs;tinato. Oltra di que&longs;to no <lb/>tare douemo che di un &longs;olo effetto è una &longs;ola <lb/>propria cagione, & per il contrario ancora. <lb/>T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Ottime annotationi &longs;ono que&longs;te. <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg181"></arrow.to.target><lb/>Hora ne uengono il luogo, & il tempo; & <pb pagenum="153"/>e&longs;&longs;o luogo è come quando noi diciamo Anto­<lb/>nio egli è in ca&longs;a, in piazza, nella città, ò <lb/>&longs;imile, & tre &longs;ono le differenze del luogo, <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg182"></arrow.to.target><lb/>una cioè che &longs;i piglia dalla &longs;u&longs;tanza del luo­<lb/>go, come quando diciamo e&longs;&longs;ere un luogo am­<lb/>plo, o uero stretto, ò alto, ò ba&longs;&longs;o. La &longs;econ <lb/>da differenza &longs;i piglia da quelle co&longs;e, che credo <lb/>no il luogo, come è quando noi diciamo che è <lb/>luogo marittimo, terre&longs;tre, sterile, abondan­<lb/>te. La ultima differenza &longs;i piglia da gli huo <lb/>mini, come quando noi diciamo, che è luogo <lb/>celebre, ouero &longs;acro, ò profano per ri&longs;petto <lb/>de gli huomini, che tali &longs;ono. Il tempo poi <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg183"></arrow.to.target><lb/>è la mi&longs;ura del moto de i cieli, & maßime del <lb/>Sole, co'l quale mi&longs;uriamo la uarietà di tut­<lb/>te le co&longs;e, & &longs;i chiama in diuer&longs;i modi; pri­<lb/>ma della &longs;ua propria e&longs;&longs;enza &longs;i chiama tempo <lb/>pre&longs;ente, pa&longs;&longs;ato, futuro, pre&longs;to, tardi. dal <lb/>la natura prende ancor nome, come giorno, <lb/>notte, me&longs;e, anno, tempo di primauera, di <lb/>state, autunno, & altri. piglia ancor no­<lb/>me da gli huomini, come quando noi diciamo <lb/>che uno è in tempo di pueritia, di adole&longs;cen­<lb/>za, di uirilità, di &longs;enettù, & di decrepità. <lb/>Fanno&longs;i altre diui&longs;ioni, che lungo &longs;arebbe à <lb/>numerarle tutte, & però le la&longs;ciaremo da una <lb/>banda. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Sono però inducibili alle <lb/>gia dette diui&longs;ioni, & per tanto di e&longs;&longs;e mi con- <pb pagenum="154"/> <arrow.to.target n="marg184"></arrow.to.target><lb/>tento. Conneßi &longs;ono chiamati quegli, i qua­<lb/>li non stanno attorno la co&longs;a, come fanno il <lb/>luogo, & il tempo, ma paiono che e&longs;trin&longs;e­<lb/>camente giacciano in e&longs;&longs;a co&longs;a, come fanno le <lb/>ricchezze al ricco, lequali &longs;ono a lui anne&longs;&longs;e, <lb/>& da loro &longs;i prende il nome, quantunque &longs;ie­<lb/>no &longs;eparate da quello & que&longs;ti conneßi &longs;ono <lb/>differenti da gli altri accidenti, da' quali pi­<lb/>glia il nome la co&longs;a; perche &longs;e bene muore il <lb/>ricco, non muoiono le ricchezze, ma &longs;e uno è <lb/>chiamato ro&longs;&longs;o, per la ro&longs;&longs;ezza, muorendo <lb/>e&longs;&longs;o, muore parimente laro&longs;&longs;ezza. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/><lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg185"></arrow.to.target><lb/>A conneßi &longs;eguono i contingenti, i quali pure <lb/>&longs;ono accidenti, che toccano la co&longs;a, ma però <lb/>con que&longs;ta conditione, che eßi po&longs;&longs;ono e&longs;&longs;ere <lb/>&longs;enza la co&longs;a, & e&longs;&longs;a &longs;enza loro, come à di­<lb/>re le ingiurie, gli honori. diuidon&longs;i in molti <lb/>modi; ouero che precedono la co&longs;a, come fan <lb/>no le ingiurie, la guerra, ouero che accom­<lb/>pagnano e&longs;&longs;a co&longs;a, come le correrie, le mor­<lb/>ralità, &longs;ono con e&longs;&longs;a guerra; ouero anco uen <lb/>gono dietro alla co&longs;a, come doppo la guerra <lb/>na&longs;cono ribellioni, &longs;editioni, &longs;i danno o&longs;taggi, <lb/>&longs;i fanno patti, & &longs;i pongono pre&longs;idij. A que <lb/>&longs;ti contingenti &longs;egue il nome della co&longs;a, ilquale <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg186"></arrow.to.target><lb/>è det to da Cicerone Etimologia, et è come una <lb/>fede della co&longs;a di che è nome, & però alle uol <lb/>te &longs;i adoperano ad argomentare in que&longs;to mo- <pb pagenum="155"/>do. Voi douete dare opera à gli studij hu­<lb/>mani, perche &longs;iate humano. è uero che alle <lb/>uolte co'l mezo dell'etimologia &longs;i fanno delle <lb/>fallacie, & è un luogo, del quale molto &longs;e <lb/>ne &longs;erue il &longs;o&longs;i&longs;ta. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> I pronunciati <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg187"></arrow.to.target><lb/>credo che &longs;ieno quegli, che da alcuni &longs;ono det <lb/>ti prono&longs;tici. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Eßi &longs;ono. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/><lb/>Et que&longs;ti &longs;ono ouero di co&longs;e diuine come que­<lb/>gli, che &longs;ono dalla bocca di Dio, ouero Spiri­<lb/>to &longs;anto pronunciati; ouero anco da indouini, <lb/>& profeti: altri &longs;ono di co&longs;e humane, come <lb/>quegli, che da gli huomini &longs;enza alcuna i&longs;pi­<lb/>ratione diuina &longs;ono prodotti. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> I qua­<lb/>li &longs;ono le laudi, le lettere, i libri, che &longs;i &longs;cri <lb/>uono i detti de te&longs;timonij, le &longs;entenze, la fa­<lb/>ma, che &longs;i leua di qualch'uno, & altri &longs;imi­<lb/>li. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Alcuni hanno connumerato tra <lb/>li pronunciati, li atti, con che &longs;i i&longs;prime qual <lb/>che co&longs;a, come l'atto di Zenone, ilquale in­<lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg188"></arrow.to.target><lb/>terrogato in che co&longs;a fo&longs;&longs;e differente la dialet­<lb/>ttca dalla retorica, aper&longs;e una delle mani, & <lb/>l'altra strin&longs;e, uolendo inferire con la mano <lb/>&longs;errata, che la Logica era differente in que&longs;to <lb/>dalla Retorica, che ella diceua le co&longs;e stretta­<lb/>mente, & la retorica diffu&longs;amente, ilche di­<lb/>mo&longs;trò con la mano aperta. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Chia­<lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg189"></arrow.to.target><lb/>miamo quei luogbi comparatione, come quan <lb/>do compariamo due co&longs;e à un terzo, & dicia- <pb pagenum="156"/>mo che Ni&longs;&longs;o e piu ueloce del uento: quello <lb/>che &longs;i compara è Ni&longs;&longs;o, & quello à che è <lb/>comparato e il uento, & la comparatione è <lb/>la uelocità, & alle uolte nella comparatione <lb/>&longs;i rendono le proprie qualità, & al compara <lb/>to, come quando diciamo, &longs;i come il fulmine <lb/>batte gli alti monti, co&longs;i la inuidia cerca di­<lb/>minuire la fama de gli huomini &longs;egnalati. <lb/>M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Non &longs;i fa la comparatione in tre <lb/>modi? T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Si fa. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Ouero &longs;i <lb/>ua dal minore al maggiore, come à dire &longs;e il <lb/>nibbio può rapire un pollicino, quanto mag­<lb/>giormente l'aquila: ouero &longs;i ua da pari à pa­<lb/>ri, come &longs;e è lecito à Catone &longs;eguire Pompeo, <lb/>è parimente lecito à Cicerone; ouero anco &longs;i <lb/>ua dal maggiore al minore, come &longs;e Anniba­<lb/>le non ha potuto prendere Roma, tanto meno <lb/>la prenderanno i France&longs;i. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Que&longs;ti <lb/>luoghi &longs;eruono molto al retorico, & &longs;ono di <lb/>grandißsima efficacia appre&longs;&longs;o gli oratori. <lb/>M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Sò io que&longs;to, ma il tempo breue non <lb/>la&longs;cia che molto di&longs;corriamo &longs;opra tal co&longs;a; pe <lb/>ro ditemi il modo di trouare la &longs;imilitudine, <lb/>laquale &longs;egue alla comparatione. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/><lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg190"></arrow.to.target><lb/>La &longs;imilitudine è luogo, da che &longs;i piglia argu­<lb/>mento di poco ualore, come uoi &longs;apete, & <lb/>uolendola trouare, bi&longs;ogna deliberare fra &longs;e <lb/>mede&longs;imi qual co&longs;a &longs;i uoglia prouare; dipoi <pb pagenum="157"/>uedere gli aggiacenti, & atti di e&longs;&longs;a co&longs;a, & <lb/>tutte quelle co&longs;e, che &longs;i po&longs;&longs;ono dire metafori­<lb/>camente della co&longs;a, che uogliamo prouare, & <lb/>è come quando compariamo l'amore al fuoco, <lb/>al laccio, al Sole & è ottima comparatione, <lb/>perche d'amore metaforicamente tutte que&longs;te <lb/>co&longs;e &longs;ono dette. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Veniamo a gli op­<lb/>po&longs;iti, per condurre hormai al fine ogni co&longs;a. <lb/>T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> gli oppo&longs;iti &longs;ono quegli, che repugna <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg191"></arrow.to.target><lb/>no l'uno all'altro, ne l'uno &longs;i predica all'altro; <lb/>& di piu non &longs;i po&longs;&longs;ono predicare ambidue di <lb/>un terzo mede&longs;imo, & &longs;ono come il bianco, <lb/>il negro, & altri. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Gia di que&longs;ti &longs;e <lb/>bene io mi raccordo è stato detto & dimo&longs;tra­<lb/>to che ue ne erano di quattro &longs;orti; però la­<lb/>&longs;ciamogli. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Seguono dunque i luoghi <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg192"></arrow.to.target><lb/>differenti, & &longs;ono quegli, che &longs;econdo la &longs;u­<lb/>stanza non &longs;ono li mede&longs;imi, quali nondime­<lb/>no &longs;i riferi&longs;cono à un termine, come l'huomo, <lb/>il cauallo, il bue; & que&longs;ti non &longs;ono della <lb/>mede&longs;ima &longs;u&longs;tanza, ma &longs;i riferi&longs;cono all'ani­<lb/>male. &longs;ono altri, che &longs;i chiamano differenti <lb/>non &longs;econdo la &longs;u&longs;tanza, ma &longs;econdo il nume­<lb/>ro, come Catone, Socrate. altri &longs;ono diffe­<lb/>renti &longs;econdo la &longs;pecie, altri &longs;econdo il genere. <lb/>M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Et per quanto io mi aueggio da que <lb/>sto luogo non &longs;i può hauere argumento che <lb/>po&longs;&longs;a prouare co&longs;a ueruna &longs;e non indirittamen <pb pagenum="158"/>te. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> È uero, & que&longs;ti in conclu&longs;io­<lb/>ne &longs;ono iluoghi &longs;ummariamente de&longs;critti, da' <lb/>quali &longs;i po&longs;&longs;ono pigliare argumenti da prouare <lb/>ogni co&longs;a, che &longs;i offeri&longs;ca, & i piu potenti, <lb/>& che ne danno argumento, che non può er­<lb/>rare. &longs;ono i primi, de' quali &longs;e ne &longs;erue la de <lb/>mo&longs;tratione, & que&longs;ti &longs;ono della &longs;u&longs;tanza del <lb/>la co&longs;a. Gli altri ne danno argumenti, che <lb/>probabilmente ne dimo&longs;trano, & percio dice­<lb/>uamo che dalla uarietà de i mezi termini ne <lb/>na&longs;ceua la uarietà de i &longs;illogi&longs;im, & della co­<lb/>gnitione ancora. Re&longs;tarebbono à dire molte <lb/>altre co&longs;e, lequali trala&longs;ciaremo, & &longs;e co&longs;i <lb/>ui pare alla diffinitione, che è il &longs;econdo meto <lb/>do tra&longs;correremo. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> A me non pare <lb/>che ui re&longs;tino co&longs;e, che non &longs;i po&longs;&longs;ano ridurre <lb/>a quello, che è detto di &longs;opra; però uenite pu <lb/>re alla diffinitione. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Come ui piace. <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg193"></arrow.to.target><lb/>Segue il metodo diffinitiuo adunque, ilquale <lb/>fu nel Phedro da Platone molto lodato, &longs;i co­<lb/>me riferi&longs;ce Galeno nel &longs;econdo libro de i de­<lb/>creti d'Hippocrate, & Platone, dimo&longs;tran­<lb/>do, che la diffinitione è i&longs;trumento piu nece&longs;&longs;a <lb/>rio, & che piu perfettamente ne fa intendere <lb/>di ogni altro; perche quando uogliamo cono­<lb/>&longs;cere una co&longs;a, non la potiamo cono&longs;cere &longs;e <lb/>non per la notitia della &longs;ua e&longs;&longs;enza, che altro <lb/>non è che la forma, & materia di e&longs;&longs;a, & <pb pagenum="159"/>tale cognitione non &longs;i puo hauere &longs;enza la dif­<lb/>finitione (parlando della diffinitione e&longs;&longs;entia­<lb/>le) ecco dunque di quanta utilità &longs;ia que­<lb/>sto i&longs;trumento. M<emph type="roman"/>ORELLO.<emph.end type="roman"/> Per il <lb/>uero egli piu pare che &longs;uperi di utilità gli al­<lb/>tri; perche e&longs;&longs;o ne dà l'e&longs;&longs;enza della co&longs;a, co'l <lb/>quale &longs;i &longs;cioglie poi ogni &longs;orte di que&longs;tione, & <lb/>è qua&longs;i impoßibile de gli altri i&longs;trumenti &longs;er­<lb/>uir&longs;i, &longs;enza la diffinitione. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> A con­<lb/>firmatione di quello che uoi dite, per e&longs;&longs;empio <lb/>na&longs;ce que&longs;ta que&longs;tione, &longs;e il Leone è animale; <lb/>ecco che &longs;e non &longs;i &longs;aperà che co&longs;a &longs;ia animale, <lb/>non &longs;i può fciogliere la que&longs;tione; ma &longs;e lo &longs;a <lb/>premo, ilche non &longs;i può &longs;e non co'l mezo della <lb/>diffinitione, potraßi uedere &longs;e le conditioni, <lb/>che con la diffinitione &longs;ono state trouate nel­<lb/>l'animale conuengono al Leone: da che appa­<lb/>re quanta &longs;ia l'utilita della diffinitione. Per <lb/>tanto nelle co&longs;e di &longs;omma importanza, bi&longs;ogna <lb/>di e&longs;&longs;ere molto intenti, & auertiti, & co&longs;i &longs;a <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg194"></arrow.to.target><lb/>per douiamo che la co&longs;a, che &longs;i diffini&longs;ce &longs;i può <lb/>con&longs;iderare in quanto al nome, & in quanto <lb/>all'e&longs;&longs;enza: in quanto al nome cono&longs;cer &longs;i deue <lb/>&longs;e è nome cono&longs;ciuto, ò nò: & &longs;e non &longs;ia co­<lb/>no&longs;ciuto, dobbiamo innanzi che da noi &longs;i diffi­<lb/>ni&longs;ca, fare che &longs;ia cono&longs;ciuto, & &longs;e anco lo <lb/>cono&longs;ciamo, auertiremo &longs;e &longs;ia applicato à co­<lb/>&longs;a ueruna, o nò, & &longs;e non è applicato, non <pb pagenum="160"/>occorre che lo diffiniamo: &longs;e anco è applicato, <lb/>& è cono&longs;ciuto, per quanto &longs;i a&longs;petta à lui lo <lb/>potiamo diffinire. Hora intorno alla co&longs;a &longs;i <lb/>deue parimente auertire &longs;e può e&longs;&longs;ere diffinita, <lb/>ò nò, & non potendo&longs;i, deue&longs;i trala&longs;ciare; <lb/>&longs;e &longs;i po&longs;&longs;a, douremo con&longs;iderare &longs;e è una &longs;ola, <lb/>ò piu &longs;otto un nome &longs;olo; percioche quante <lb/>fo&longs;&longs;ero le co&longs;e, tante &longs;arebbono le diffinitioni, <lb/>perche la diffinitione e&longs;&longs;entiale ad un tratto <lb/>non può &longs;e non una natura dichiarare, perche <lb/>lei non è del nome, ma delle co&longs;e i&longs;te&longs;&longs;e i&longs;tru­<lb/>mento. Oltra di cio deue&longs;i ancora auertire <lb/>alle conditioni della co&longs;a, che &longs;i diffini&longs;ce, ac­<lb/>cioche la diffinitione non &longs;ia &longs;uperflua, & tut <lb/>te que&longs;te con&longs;iderationi, auanti che &longs;i diffini­<lb/>&longs;ca co&longs;a ueruna deuon&longs;i auertire: da che poi <lb/>ne na&longs;cerà una diffinitione perfetta con tutte <lb/>le &longs;ue proprietà, cioè &longs;arà chiara à ba&longs;tanza <lb/>la natura di quella co&longs;a, di che &longs;arà diffinitio­<lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg195"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ne, & &longs;arà anco breue. La diffinitione, ac­<lb/>cio &longs;appiate non è altro che i&longs;trumento metodi <lb/>co, quale adoperiamo per uenire dalla co&longs;a <lb/>nota, in cognitione della co&longs;a, che &longs;i diffini&longs;ce, <lb/>quale era incognita. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Se non m'ingan <lb/>no uolete dire che è i&longs;trumento, quale &longs;i adope <lb/>ra per e&longs;plicare l'eßenza di quella co&longs;a, che <lb/>cono&longs;ciamo. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Tant'è; ma douete piu <lb/>oltra &longs;apere, che la diffinitione è quella, che <pb pagenum="161"/>diceuo eßer cono&longs;ciuta, laquale in ri&longs;petto del <lb/>diffinito, deue &longs;empre eßere piu chiara, al­<lb/>tramente non e&longs;plicarebbe la natura del diffini <lb/>to, & la diffinitione non è altro che le parti, <lb/>che co&longs;ti ui&longs;cono la co&longs;a diffinita in eßere; on­<lb/>de la diffinitione deue hauere il genere, & le <lb/>differenze della co&longs;a diffinita, o uero almeno <lb/>qualche accidente, che propriamente que&longs;te <lb/>riferi&longs;ca. Il genere rappre&longs;enta la materia, <lb/>& la differenza la forma, che &longs;ono amendue <lb/>le parti integranti di eßa co&longs;a; la co&longs;a, che <lb/>incognita chiamauo è il diffinito, quale può <lb/>eßere incognito quanto al nome, & quanto <lb/>etiandio all eßenza. Se adoperiamo que&longs;to <lb/>i&longs;trumento diffinitiuo à dichiarare il nome, <lb/>chiameraßi piu to&longs;to de&longs;crittione, che diffini­<lb/>tione: &longs;e anco l'adoperiamo à cono&longs;cere l'eßen­<lb/>za della co&longs;a, allhora &longs;arà uera diffinitione. <lb/>M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Di maniera che uerranno à eßere <lb/>due &longs;pecie di diffinitioni una cioè del nome, <lb/>& l'altra della co&longs;a. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Voi dite il ue­<lb/>ro, ma perche alle uolte con una mede&longs;ima <lb/>diffinitione &longs;i dimo&longs;tra l'uno, & l'altro, però <lb/>ui &longs;i deue aggiugnere la terza &longs;pecie, che dif­<lb/>finitione di mezo &longs;i chiama, laquale &longs;i può <lb/>riferire in quanto, che dichiara il nome, alla <lb/>de&longs;crittione, & in quanto dichiara l'eßenza <lb/>alla diffinitione. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Ditemi di gratia, <pb pagenum="162"/>in l'una, & l'altra &longs;orte deuc &longs;empre la diffi­<lb/>nitione e&longs;&longs;ere piu nota del diffinito? perche <lb/>di&longs;&longs;e Ari&longs;totele nel primo della Fi&longs;tca, che la <lb/>diffinitione del circolo è piu incognita che non <lb/>è e&longs;&longs;o circolo. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Voi &longs;apete che di qua <lb/>lunque co&longs;a &longs;i po&longs;&longs;ono hauere due cognitioni, <lb/>una cioè confu&longs;a, che hauemo per la de&longs;crit­<lb/>tione, & l'altra di&longs;tinta, che &longs;erue per la dif­<lb/>finitione. Onde Ari&longs;totele comparando la co <lb/>gnitione confu&longs;a del circolo alla cognitione e&longs;­<lb/>&longs;entiale, & di&longs;tinta, di&longs;&longs;e, che era il circolo <lb/>piu cono&longs;ciuto quanto al nome di quello che <lb/>era quanto all'e&longs;&longs;enza, che non è altro che la <lb/>diffinitione. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Sarà uero adunque &longs;em­<lb/>pre, che il diffinito meno cono&longs;ciuto della dif­<lb/>finitione &longs;arà in ogni &longs;orte di cognitione, &longs;e tra <lb/>loro &longs;aranno comparate; cioè la cognitione <lb/>confu&longs;a con la confu&longs;a, & la di&longs;tinta con la <lb/>di&longs;tinta, & e&longs;&longs;entiale. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> È quanto ui <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg196"></arrow.to.target><lb/>uoleua hora dir io. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> La de&longs;crittione <lb/>è come &longs;e noi diceßimo la febbre e&longs;&longs;ere una fer <lb/>ue&longs;centia (per dir co&longs;i) la diffinitione è come <lb/>&longs;e diceßimo la febbre è una intemperie calda, <lb/>& &longs;ecca nel cuore, & quella che è poi chia­<lb/>mata di mezo, ò mezana, ò media che ne <lb/>uogliam dire, è come &longs;e diceßimo la febbre è <lb/>una ferue&longs;centia del calor naturale nelle parti <lb/>&longs;imilari, nel cuore. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Ottimi &longs;ono que&longs;ti <pb pagenum="163"/> <arrow.to.target n="marg197"></arrow.to.target><lb/>e&longs;&longs;empi, ma la&longs;ciamo un poco la diffinitione <lb/>nominale, con la media, & alquanto di&longs;cor­<lb/>riamo intorno l'e&longs;&longs;entiale, laquale (per u&longs;a­<lb/>rei proprij nomi de gli &longs;cittori) ouero che è <lb/>cau&longs;ale, ouero formale: formale è quella, che <lb/>ne dichiara l'e&longs;&longs;enza, & forma della co&longs;a, <lb/>che di&longs;&longs;ini&longs;ce; ma perche &longs;i può dichiarare <lb/>l'e&longs;&longs;enza di qualunque co&longs;a, & &longs;emplicemen­<lb/>te &longs;enza circon&longs;tanza ueruna, & anco con <lb/>qualehe additamento, per tanto ne na&longs;cono <lb/>due &longs;pecie di diffinitione, una cioè chiamata <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg198"></arrow.to.target><lb/>da Logici quidditatiua, & è quella che &longs;em­<lb/>plicemente e&longs;pone, & l'altra per additamen­<lb/>to, nella quidditatiua apunto &longs;empre ui è il <lb/>genere piu proßimo, & le differenze della co <lb/>&longs;a diffinita; però non &longs;i deue pigliare ogni &longs;or <lb/>te di differenza, ma &longs;olo le proprie, che ac­<lb/>compagnano il diffinito. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Se le diffe­<lb/>renze proprie mi fo&longs;&longs;ero incognite, non patrem <lb/>mo cono&longs;cerle? T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Sì. ma con gli ac <lb/>cidenti della forma, &longs;e ue ne &longs;ono, & &longs;e non <lb/>ue ne &longs;ono, con quegli della materia; perche <lb/>come ben di&longs;&longs;e Ari&longs;totele piu to&longs;to &longs;ono tra di <lb/>loro le co&longs;e differenti per la forma, che per la <lb/>materia. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Se co&longs;i fo&longs;&longs;e potrebbe&longs;i <lb/>dunque diffinire le co&longs;e &longs;olo con la forma, la­<lb/>&longs;ciando la materia. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Anzi &longs;i fareh­<lb/>be errore, perche concorre parimente all'e&longs;- <pb pagenum="164"/>&longs;ere, & l'e&longs;&longs;enza della co&longs;a materiale, la ma <lb/>teria, & la forma; onde ne l'una, ne l'altra <lb/>&longs;ola ba&longs;tarebbe à dichiarare la natura del dif­<lb/>finito. però una co&longs;a è ben piu differente dal­<lb/>l'altra per la forma, che non è per la mate­<lb/>ria, & però dobbiamo in ca&longs;o che le differen­<lb/>ze proprie manca&longs;&longs;ero, u&longs;are quegli acciden­<lb/>ti, che dalla forma na&longs;cono, accioche le diffe <lb/>renze in que&longs;ta diffinitione di&longs;tinguano il diffi­<lb/>nito da gli altri, & che piu che &longs;ia poßibile <lb/>dimo&longs;trino la &longs;ua e&longs;&longs;enza. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Parmi <lb/>adunque che in que&longs;ta diffinitione &longs;ia nece&longs;&longs;a­<lb/>rio che il genere proßimo, & le differenze <lb/>&longs;pecifice ui &longs;ieno, & per cio &longs;ola la &longs;pecie &longs;i <lb/>po&longs;&longs;a difinire, & non il genere, perche il ge­<lb/>nere in quanto che è genere, non ha &longs;opra di <lb/>&longs;e altro genere. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Non &longs;i diffini&longs;ce gia <lb/>propriamente &longs;e non la &longs;pecie, ma può e&longs;&longs;ere <lb/>que&longs;ta &longs;pecie ò &longs;ubalterna, ò &longs;pecialißima; & <lb/>&longs;appiate che egli è difficile à trouare diffinitio­<lb/>ne quidditatiua, &longs;i come anco è impoßibile à <lb/>trouare le proprie differenze. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Hor <lb/>da che è co&longs;i di gradeuole la&longs;ciamola, & ra­<lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg199"></arrow.to.target><lb/>gioniamo della diffinition formale, & per ad­<lb/>ditamento. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Ambidue conuengono <lb/>in que&longs;to, che hanno il genere, & la differen <lb/>za, ma la quidditatiua ha il genere in luogo <lb/>di forma commune, & uniuer&longs;ale, & la dif- <pb pagenum="165"/>ferenza in luogo della forma propria. nella <lb/>diffinitione per additamento il genere è forma, <lb/>& la differenza è in luogo di materia, & con <lb/>que&longs;ta &longs;i diffini&longs;cono gli accidenti maßimamer <lb/>te, & &longs;i diffini&longs;ce anche la &longs;u&longs;tanza; ma la <lb/>diffinitione per additamento della &longs;u&longs;tanza è <lb/>differente da quella de gli accidenti d'una co&longs;a <lb/>&longs;ola, come per e&longs;&longs;empio appare; l'anima è at <lb/>to, cioè forma del corpo: que&longs;ta diffinitione è <lb/>della &longs;u&longs;tanza; il cui genere, & differenza <lb/>&longs;ono &longs;u&longs;tanze parimente, come è il diffinito. <lb/>Quella dell'accidente è di due nature, impe­<lb/>roche il genere è accidente, & la differenza <lb/>è &longs;u&longs;tanza, come la febbre è una intemperie <lb/>del cuore; ecco il genere che è accidente, & <lb/>la differenza che è &longs;u&longs;tanza. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Tan­<lb/>to chiara è stata que&longs;ta diui&longs;ione della diffini­<lb/>tione, che da me ste&longs;&longs;o hora &longs;aprei della diffi­<lb/>nitione cau&longs;ale pienamente ragionarne, laqua <lb/>le diceuate che è quando nella diffinitione ui è <lb/>il genere, che rappre&longs;enta la cau&longs;a efficiente. <lb/>Ma ditemi di gratia; con que&longs;ta diffinitione <lb/>poßiamo noi diffinire co&longs;i le &longs;u&longs;tanze, come gli <lb/>accidenti? T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Poßiamo benißimo, pe­<lb/>rò molto piu ue &longs;eruiamo nel diffinire gli acci <lb/>denti, che le &longs;u&longs;tanze, & qui &longs;i deue auerti­<lb/>re che in que&longs;ta diffinitione il genere alle uolte <lb/>è efficiente dell'accidente, che &longs;i diffini&longs;ce, & <pb pagenum="166"/>forma immediata della &longs;u&longs;tanza, & alcuna <lb/>uolta il genere à la operatione immediata del <lb/>l'efficiente. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Come &longs;arebbe per e&longs;­<lb/>&longs;empio, &longs;e bene ho inte&longs;o quello che uoi haue­<lb/>te detto, il ri&longs;ibile è animale rationale, che è <lb/>à dire che la ri&longs;ibilità e nell'huomo per l'ani­<lb/>ma rationale; ecco la cau&longs;a efficiente dell'ac­<lb/>cidente, & ecco la forma della &longs;u&longs;tanza, che <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg200"></arrow.to.target><lb/>è rationabilità. Da Hippocrate poßiamo ha­<lb/>uere l'e&longs;&longs;empio della diffinitione quando il ge­<lb/>nere è operatione dell'efficiente, ilquale diffi­<lb/>ni&longs;ce la medicina in que&longs;ta maniera; la medi­<lb/>cina è uno aggiugnere, & un minuire, che <lb/>&longs;ignifica la medicina e&longs;&longs;ere un'arte, laquale le <lb/>ua le co&longs;e &longs;uperflue, & pone le nece&longs;&longs;arie; <lb/>ecco che il porre, & il leuare &longs;ono operationi, <lb/>lequali &longs;ono nella diffinitione po&longs;te per il gene <lb/>re. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Meglio non poteuate dire in ta­<lb/>le materia, & però non starò io à dirne piu <lb/>co&longs;a alcuna. Ne re&longs;ta &longs;olo à con&longs;iderare in <lb/>che maniera noi potiamo di&longs;coprire che una <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg201"></arrow.to.target><lb/>diffinitione &longs;ia cau&longs;ale, & non formale; ilche <lb/>cono&longs;ceremo &longs;e pigliaremo il genere nella diffi <lb/>nitione, & lo ri&longs;olueremo in&longs;ino à gli ultimi <lb/>generi, come per e&longs;&longs;empio poßiamo dire; l'huo <lb/>mo è animale rationale mortale; la cui diffi­<lb/>nitione è formale, perche ha il &longs;uo genere <lb/>proßimo che è animale, ilquale &longs;e lo rin&longs;ol- <pb pagenum="167"/>uiamo, uerremo à trouare che è corpo, & <lb/>finalmente &longs;u&longs;tanza, che tutti &longs;i predicano &longs;u <lb/>stantialmente dell'huomo. Onde &longs;i potrà dire <lb/>che l'huomo è corpo & &longs;u&longs;tanza, & cio non <lb/>auuerrà nella diffinitione cau&longs;ale, perche &longs;e <lb/>noi pigliaremo il genere, & lo ri&longs;olueremo, <lb/>&longs;ubito &longs;i &longs;cuoprirà che quegli principij in che <lb/>&longs;i ri&longs;olue, non &longs;i predicaranno del diffinito &longs;u­<lb/>stantialmente, come &longs;i può uedere per que&longs;to <lb/>e&longs;&longs;empio, cioè il ri&longs;ibile è animale rationale: <lb/>il genere in que&longs;ta diffinitione è animale, il­<lb/>quale &longs;e lo uogliamo ri&longs;oluere, lo ri&longs;olueremo <lb/>in corpo, & &longs;u&longs;tanza, quali non &longs;i predicano <lb/>del ri&longs;ibile &longs;u&longs;tantialmente, & perciò euiden­<lb/>tißimamente &longs;i può à un tratto &longs;coprire qual <lb/>&longs;ia la diffinitione formale, & quale la cau&longs;a­<lb/>le; ne altro intorno à que&longs;ta materia &longs;ono per <lb/>dirui, &longs;e pur uoi non haue&longs;te qualche co&longs;a in <lb/>che dubita&longs;te, ouero ui pare&longs;&longs;e degna da e&longs;&longs;ere <lb/>con&longs;iderata, & &longs;e ne hauete ui prego a pro­<lb/>porla &longs;enza indugio. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Altro non <lb/>mi occorre certo, ne sò con quale maggior di­<lb/>ligenza &longs;i haue&longs;&longs;e potuto ragionare della diffi <lb/>nitione di quello, che hauete fatto uoi; però, <lb/>&longs;e ui pare co&longs;i, ueniamo alla diui&longs;ione. meto­<lb/>do ueramente che merita e&longs;&longs;ere lodato da un <lb/>Platone come egli è, ilquale con tutti gli al­<lb/>tri della &longs;ua &longs;etta l'hanno &longs;ommamente com- <pb pagenum="168"/>mendato, che non dubito rno dire che &longs;enza il <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg202"></arrow.to.target><lb/>metodo diffinitiuo non &longs;i poteua cono&longs;cere co&longs;a <lb/>alcuna perfettamente, & à propo&longs;ito ho let­<lb/>to parimente nel &longs;econdo del metodo di Galeno <lb/>al quarto capo, che &longs;enza il metodo diffiniti­<lb/>uo, ne&longs;&longs;uno per bello intelletto che'l &longs;ia, può <lb/>entrare per le porte dell'arte medicinale, co­<lb/>me che ella &longs;ia la chiaue delle arti, & &longs;cien­<lb/>ze. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Per il uero è di &longs;omma utilità <lb/>all'intelligenza d'ogni &longs;orte di facolta, però <lb/>che ella ne conduce dalla cognitione confu&longs;a al <lb/>la di&longs;tinta, come anco Ari&longs;totele nel quarto <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg203"></arrow.to.target><lb/>del Cielo, al <emph type="roman"/>XXII.<emph.end type="roman"/> cap. di&longs;&longs;e, La diui­<lb/>&longs;ione è un metodo, di cui ci &longs;eruiamo à cono­<lb/>&longs;cere le co&longs;e in parte cono&longs;ciute, & in parte <lb/>ignote; ne è metodo, che piu difficile &longs;ia sta­<lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg204"></arrow.to.target><lb/>to riputato della diui&longs;ione que&longs;to na&longs;ce, per­<lb/>che colui, che diuide, non gli è &longs;ommamente <lb/>nece&longs;&longs;ario &longs;aper bene il metodo diui&longs;iuo, ma <lb/>ancor fa di me&longs;tieri, che cono&longs;ca la natura, & <lb/>e&longs;&longs;enza del genere, che e&longs;&longs;o diuide in &longs;pecie <lb/>per le differenze proprie; al che fare conuie­<lb/>ne, che &longs;ia in&longs;trutto nel diffinitiuo. M<emph type="roman"/>OR<emph.end type="roman"/><lb/>Dite il uero, &longs;e non altrimenti incorrerebbe <lb/>in quelli tre errori, che Galeno pone nel pri­<lb/>mo delle differenze delle febbri; ouero che tra <lb/>la ciarebbe il primo genere, ilquale &longs;i piglia <lb/>dalla &longs;u&longs;tanza della co&longs;a, che è diui&longs;a, ouero <pb pagenum="169"/>la&longs;ciarebbono le differenze nece&longs;&longs;arie, ouero, <lb/>che ne metterebbono d'inutili, & accidentali. <lb/>T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Hora accioche habbiamo la uera co­<lb/>gnitione di que&longs;to metodo co&longs;i raro, & utile, <lb/>del quale hora parliamo, ilquale è quello, <lb/>che diuide il compo&longs;ito in parti e&longs;&longs;entiali, cioè <lb/>il genere nelle &longs;ue &longs;pecie per le differenze op­<lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg205"></arrow.to.target><lb/>po&longs;ite; ilquale potiamo co&longs;i definire: la Di­<lb/>ui&longs;ione è Metodo, che &longs;i adopera da uenire per <lb/>le differenze note in cognitione delle parti del <lb/>la co&longs;a, che diuidiamo, che è à dire delle &longs;pe­<lb/>tie del genere partito, & diui&longs;o. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/><lb/>Non ui chiederò la dichiaratione di e&longs;&longs;a diui­<lb/>&longs;ione, poi che da &longs;e ste&longs;&longs;a è chiara; ben de&longs;i­<lb/>dero di &longs;apere, accioche e&longs;&longs;a non chiara, ma <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg206"></arrow.to.target><lb/>chiarißima &longs;ia, che intendete per parti igno­<lb/>te, ouero per &longs;petie, che per mezo delle diffe­<lb/>renze cono&longs;ciamo. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> con uno e&longs;&longs;empio <lb/>(perche co&longs;i credo, che uogliate) ue lo di­<lb/>mo&longs;trerò. Proponiamoci di parlar della feb­<lb/>bre, & che noi non &longs;appiamo quante &longs;ieno le <lb/>&longs;petie di e&longs;&longs;a, onde per &longs;aperlo, ci conuenga <lb/>pigliare il metodo diui&longs;iuo (come fece Galeno <lb/>nel libro delle differenze delle febbri) & col <lb/>&longs;uo mezo &longs;membrare il genere commune, che <lb/>è febbre, ilche non potiamo fare &longs;enza la co­<lb/>gnitione della natura di tal genere, talmente, <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg207"></arrow.to.target><lb/>che diremo, che le differenze &longs;eruono alla di- <pb pagenum="170"/> <arrow.to.target n="marg208"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ui&longs;ione, perche col mezo loro cono&longs;ciamo la <lb/>natura del genere, ilquale poi diuidemo; co­<lb/>me la febbre è una intemperie nel cuore cal­<lb/>da, & &longs;ecca. Ecco la e&longs;&longs;enza della febbre, <lb/>da cui con la diui&longs;ione ueniamo in cognitione <lb/>delle tre &longs;petie della febbre, lequali trouiamo <lb/>in que&longs;ta gui&longs;a. Il cuore, che è &longs;uggetto del <lb/>calore, (& è differenza nella diffinitione) è <lb/>compo&longs;to di &longs;piriti, humori, e parti &longs;olide. <lb/>Per tanto, &longs;e &longs;arà l'intemperie ne gli &longs;piriti, <lb/>&longs;arà una &longs;petie di febbre: &longs;e &longs;arà ne gli humo <lb/>ri, &longs;arà un'altra &longs;petie: &longs;e nelle parti &longs;olide, ne <lb/>ri&longs;ultarà un'altra &longs;petie, et que&longs;te &longs;i partono in <lb/>altre, in&longs;ino à tanto, che &longs;i uiene, diuidendo <lb/>à &longs;petie, che in altre partir non &longs;i po&longs;&longs;ono. <lb/>Et perciò &longs;ono &longs;pecie &longs;pecialißime chiamate; <lb/>oltra lequali non &longs;i deue pa&longs;&longs;are. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/><lb/>perche non &longs;i deue pa&longs;&longs;are le &longs;pecie &longs;pecialißi­<lb/>me con la diui&longs;ione? T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> perche (&longs;e ui <lb/>raccordate) la diui&longs;ione non &longs;i fa per ogni <lb/>&longs;orte di differenze, ma &longs;olo per quelle, che &longs;o­<lb/>lamente tra loro &longs;ono oppo&longs;te, & con&longs;titui&longs;co <lb/>no &longs;petie: onde, come arriuati &longs;iamo alle &longs;pe­<lb/>cie &longs;pecialißime, piu non trouiamo, differen­<lb/>ze oppo&longs;ite, che po&longs;&longs;ano poi e&longs;&longs;ere &longs;pecie. & <lb/>perciò dicea Platone dimo&longs;trando il progre&longs;&longs;o, <lb/>che fa la diui&longs;ione, che la diui&longs;ione deue dal <lb/>communißimo genere de&longs;cender per le diffe- <pb pagenum="171"/>renze oppo&longs;ite, in&longs;in che ritroua una natura <lb/>commune non à &longs;pecie, ma ad indiuidui, &longs;en­<lb/>za hauer con &longs;eco oppo&longs;itione, laquale &longs;i pre <lb/>dichi di molti indiuidui; come &longs;e de&longs;cendeßi­<lb/>mo dalla &longs;o&longs;tanza alla pianta, al cauallo, al­<lb/>l'huomo, & &longs;imili; &longs;eruando però &longs;empre, <lb/>nel calar, que&longs;to ordine, che il piu uniuer&longs;a­<lb/>le preceda almeno uniuer&longs;ale; altrimcnti cau <lb/>&longs;arebbe errore. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> E&longs;&longs;endoui quattro <lb/>&longs;orti di oppo&longs;itioni, non credo gia, che le dif­<lb/>ferenze della diui&longs;ione &longs;i oppongano tra di lo­<lb/>ro priuatiuamente, ò negatiuamente, ò rela­<lb/>tiuamente, ma che &longs;i oppongano piu to&longs;to per <lb/>oppo&longs;ition contraria. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Dite il uero, <lb/>che è meglio, che &longs;i oppongano per tale oppo <lb/>&longs;itione; ma auertite, che alle uolte &longs;iamo a­<lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg209"></arrow.to.target><lb/>stretti di &longs;eruirne ancor dell'altre oppo&longs;itioni; <lb/>della negatiua; come quando non habbiamo <lb/>nome da i&longs;primere l'uno de gli oppo&longs;iti, come <lb/>nell'animale intrauiene, ilquale &longs;i diuide in <lb/>que&longs;ta maniera, in rationale, & non ratio­<lb/>nale; & in que&longs;ta diui&longs;ione, &longs;empre &longs;i deue <lb/>anteporre l'affermatione alla negatione; altri­<lb/>menti non &longs;i potrebbe intender la negatione, <lb/>&longs;e non precede&longs;&longs;e l'affermatione; per la mede­<lb/>&longs;ima neceßità u&longs;iamo alle uolte la oppo&longs;itione <lb/>priuatiua, in che &longs;i deue anteporre l'habito al­<lb/>la priuatione per il mede&longs;imo ri&longs;petto, che &longs;i <pb pagenum="140"/>prepone l'affirmatione alla negatione; mai ho <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg210"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ueduto diuider&longs;i i generi per oppo&longs;itione rela­<lb/>tiua. La ragione è, perche li relatiui non <lb/>&longs;ono differenti &longs;e non per un certo ri&longs;petto. <lb/>Hor auuertite, che &longs;empre la diui&longs;ione &longs;ia bi­<lb/>membre, perche uno è contrario &longs;olamente ad <lb/>uno. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Mò &longs;e que&longs;to fo&longs;&longs;e, bi&longs;ogna­<lb/>rebbe, che non &longs;i troua&longs;&longs;e genere, che haue&longs;&longs;e <lb/>piu di due &longs;petie; tuttauia &longs;i uede il contra­<lb/>rio. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> non di&longs;dice che un genere poßi <lb/>hauere molte &longs;pecie, & pur la diui&longs;ione &longs;ia <lb/>bimembre. Togliete l'e&longs;&longs;empio dello animale, <lb/>ilquale ha &longs;otto di &longs;e molte &longs;petie, però &longs;i di­<lb/>uide in rationale, & non rationale. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/><lb/>E uero, potete dire quattro parole intorno <lb/>alla ri&longs;olutione, & poi far fine quando ui pia <lb/>ce. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Son per compiacerui, & da <lb/>poi che à uoi co&longs;i aggrada, piacerà ancora à <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg211"></arrow.to.target><lb/>me. però dico, che la ri&longs;olutione è parimen­<lb/>te Metodo, che adoperiamo per uenire in co­<lb/>gnitione de' principij, dal fine, ò effetto, ò ope­<lb/>ratione, cono&longs;ciuti, come potete uedere in que <lb/>sto e&longs;&longs;empio. L'huomo è stato prodotto affi­<lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg212"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ne, che contempla&longs;&longs;e, & opera&longs;&longs;e; non potea <lb/>l'huomo con&longs;eguir que&longs;to fine &longs;e non hauea li <lb/>membri co&longs;i organici, come &longs;imilari. Le <lb/>membra non &longs;arebbono state, &longs;e gli humori, <lb/>di cui &longs;i nutri&longs;cono non foßino stati prodotti; <pb pagenum="141"/>però all'huomo &longs;ono state nece&longs;&longs;arie le mem­<lb/>bra, gli humori, de' quali &longs;i nutri&longs;ce. Il nu <lb/>trimento per e&longs;&longs;ere di diuer&longs;i membri nutri­<lb/>mento, fu nece&longs;&longs;ario, che diuer&longs;o fo&longs;&longs;e però <lb/>non potè e&longs;&longs;er fatto d'un'elemento &longs;olo, on e <lb/>fu di quattro elementi, liquali &longs;ono compo&longs;ti <lb/>della propria forma, & materia. onde per <lb/>que&longs;to e&longs;&longs;empio potete uedere, che dalla cogni <lb/>tione del fine, &longs;ete col mezo della ri&longs;olutione <lb/>giunto alla cognitione de' principij, co&longs;i proßi <lb/>mi, come rimoti, & rimotißimi. potiamo <lb/>&longs;imilmente ri&longs;oluere gli effetti ne' &longs;uoi princi­<lb/>pij, & l'operationi ancora, in quel modo, <lb/>che habbiamo ri&longs;oluto il fine. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Non <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg213"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;i può ancora da gli indiuidui uenire in cogni­<lb/>tione d'una commune natura col mezo di que <lb/>sta ri&longs;olutione? T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Si può M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Co <lb/>me &longs;arebbe per e&longs;&longs;empio, da diuer&longs;i huomini <lb/>uengo alla cognitione della natura rationale, <lb/>commune à tutti li particolari huomini, & co <lb/>&longs;i da diuer&longs;e. &longs;petie ancora potiamo a&longs;cendere <lb/>à una piu commune natura, come dall'huomo, <lb/>dal bue, per mezo della ri&longs;olutione uenire in <lb/>cognitione del genere &longs;uo, che è animale; dal <lb/>l'animale, & altri generi ancora potiamo <lb/>a&longs;cendere à piu commune natura; à tal che po <lb/>tiamo &longs;inalmente ri&longs;oluendo, &longs;empre quel che <lb/>è meno uniuer&longs;ale al piu uniuer&longs;ale, in&longs;in tan- <pb pagenum="174"/>to, che ueniamo alla &longs;o&longs;tanza, & genere, che <lb/>&longs;opra di &longs;e non ha altro genere. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Mol <lb/>to bene l'hauete inte&longs;o; & intorno à ciò auuer <lb/>tite, che molto piu ui potete &longs;eruire del meto­<lb/>do ri&longs;olutiuo à ritrouare le co&longs;e, che à trat­<lb/>tarle; ne accade, che uogliamo numerare le <lb/>&longs;pecie della ri&longs;olutione, perche gia dette l'hab <lb/>biamo, quando diceuamo, che &longs;i può ri&longs;olue­<lb/>re il fine cono&longs;ciuto ne' &longs;uoi principij, ouero <lb/>altro, che non è fine; & può e&longs;&longs;ere, ouero <lb/>&longs;en&longs;ato, ouero in&longs;en&longs;ato; &longs;e è &longs;en&longs;ato, &longs;i ri&longs;ol <lb/>ue in intelligibile, come l'indiuiduo nelle &longs;pe­<lb/>cie, & quelle nelli generi; &longs;e non &longs;arà &longs;en&longs;a­<lb/>to; ouero; &longs;arà noto per la dimo&longs;tratione; & <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg214"></arrow.to.target><lb/>que&longs;ta &longs;i chiamerà ri&longs;olutione logica, quando <lb/>dalla ri&longs;olutione della co&longs;a cono&longs;ciuta per me­<lb/>zo della dimo&longs;tratione, ueniamo in cognitione <lb/>della co&longs;a incognita; ouero che &longs;arà cono&longs;ciu­<lb/>ta la co&longs;a, che &longs;i ri&longs;olue per la &longs;ua po&longs;itione. <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg215"></arrow.to.target><lb/>& que&longs;ta ri&longs;olutione chiameraßi matematica. <lb/>piglia altri nomi la ri&longs;olutione, &longs;econdo che <lb/>&longs;ono diuer&longs;e le co&longs;e, che &longs;i ri&longs;oluano, di quali <lb/>&longs;arebbe lungo à dire. Ne altro &longs;on per dire <lb/>intorno à metodi, gradi di que&longs;ta no&longs;tra &longs;cala; <lb/>quali applicati à poggi, &longs;i puote agiatamente, <lb/>& con gli occhi &longs;errati per quella caminare. <lb/>M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Que&longs;to &longs;i potrà fare, &longs;e però aggiun <lb/>gerete il primo grado, perche io non po&longs;&longs;o fa- <pb pagenum="175"/>re &longs;i lungo pa&longs;&longs;o. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Hauete ragione, <lb/>ma è l'hora breue, però rimettiamo à dimani <lb/>que&longs;ta opera, laquale in breuißimo tempo <lb/>adempiremo. però que&longs;to per hora ui ba&longs;ti. <lb/>andiamo per quel &longs;eruigio, che uoi &longs;apete. <lb/>M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Andiamo, ma con que&longs;to, che di­<lb/>mani &longs;enza fallo &longs;i metta fine, accio hormai <lb/>poßa à mio bell'agio a&longs;cendere, & de&longs;cendere <lb/>per la &longs;iala già tanto da me de&longs;iderata. <lb/>T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Non dite altro, che à uoi stà il por­<lb/>li, & non porli fine. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Io non poßo <lb/>uenir con uoi, perche mi bi&longs;ogna eßere col <lb/>signor Pro&longs;pero Borgarucci. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Non <lb/>può eßere &longs;e non qualche co&longs;a honora­<lb/>ta, perche doue è il Borgarucci, <lb/><expan abbr="iuĩ">iuim</expan> è Apolline iui &longs;ono le <lb/>Mu&longs;e. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Per <lb/>dire il uero egli <lb/>è per&longs;ona <lb/>ho­<lb/>norata, & dotta, & di conti­<lb/>nuo è occupata in qual­<lb/>che ardua, & no­<lb/>tabile im­<lb/>pre&longs;a. </s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg170"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Diffinitio­<lb/>ne, che co­<lb/>&longs;a &longs;ia.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg171"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Proprio.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg172"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Genere, & <lb/>Specie co <lb/>me in par­<lb/>te conuen <lb/>gono, & in <lb/>parte diffe <lb/>ri&longs;cano,<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg173"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Diuione <lb/>delle parti.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg174"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/><expan abbr="Cõiugati">Coniugati</expan>, <lb/>& loro u&longs;o<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg175"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Adiacenti, <lb/>quali &longs;ieno<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg176"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Diui&longs;ione <lb/>de gli acci <lb/>denti.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg177"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Suggetto, <lb/>che co&longs;a&longs;ia<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg178"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Diui&longs;ione <lb/>de' &longs;ugget <lb/>ti.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg179"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Cau&longs;e, <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> <lb/>te &longs;ieno, & <lb/>quali.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg180"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/><expan abbr="Eu&etilde;to">Euento</expan>, che <lb/>co&longs;a fia.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg181"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Luogo.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg182"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/><expan abbr="Differ&etilde;ze">Differenze</expan> <lb/>delluogo.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg183"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Tempo, et <lb/>&longs;ue diui&longs;io <lb/>ni.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg184"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Conne&longs;si.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg185"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Centinge­<lb/>ti, & loro <lb/>diui&longs;ione.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg186"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Etimolo­<lb/>gia.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg187"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Pronuncia <lb/>ti, qual &longs;ie <lb/>no.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg188"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Atto di Ze <lb/>none.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg189"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Compara­<lb/>tione co­<lb/>me &longs;i facci.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg190"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Similitudi <lb/>ne, come &longs;i <lb/>troui.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg191"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Oppo&longs;iti, <lb/>quai &longs;ieno.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg192"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Luoghidif <lb/>ferenti.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg193"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Metodo <lb/>diffinitiuo <lb/>di quanta <lb/>utilità fia.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg194"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/><gap/>.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg195"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/><lb/>Diffinitio­<lb/>ne, che co­<lb/>&longs;a &longs;ia. <lb/><emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg196"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/><lb/>Differenza <lb/>tra de&longs;crit­<lb/>tione, & <lb/>diffinitio­<lb/>ne. <lb/><emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg197"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/><lb/>Diffinitio­<lb/>ne e&longs;&longs;entia <lb/>le. <lb/><emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg198"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/><lb/>Diffinitio­<lb/>ne quiddi <lb/>tatiua. <lb/><emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg199"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/><lb/>Diffinitio­<lb/>ne per <expan abbr="ad-ditam&etilde;to">ad­<lb/>ditamento</expan>. <lb/><emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg200"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/><lb/>Medicina, <lb/>come &longs;i dif <lb/>fini&longs;ca <expan abbr="&longs;ecõ">&longs;ecom</expan> <lb/>do Hippo­<lb/>crate. <lb/><emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg201"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/><lb/>Come &longs;i <lb/>può cono­<lb/>&longs;cere, <expan abbr="quã-do">quan­<lb/>do</expan> la diffi­<lb/>nitione &longs;ia <lb/>cau&longs;ale, & <lb/>non forma <lb/>le. <lb/><emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg202"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/><lb/>Metodo <lb/>diffinitiuo <lb/>quanto &longs;ia <lb/>nece&longs;lario. <lb/><emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg203"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/><lb/>Diui&longs;ione, <lb/>come &longs;i dif <lb/>fini&longs;ca da <lb/>Ariftotele. <lb/><emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg204"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/><lb/>Diui&longs;ione <lb/>perche dif <lb/>ficile. <lb/><emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg205"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/><lb/>Altra diffi­<lb/>nitione del <lb/>la Diui&longs;io­<lb/>nc. <lb/><emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg206"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/><lb/>Parti igno <lb/>te quai &longs;ie­<lb/>no. <lb/><emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg207"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/><lb/>Le <expan abbr="differ&etilde;-ze">differen­<lb/>ze</expan>, in qual <lb/><emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg208"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/><lb/>modo &longs;er­<lb/>uono alla <lb/>diuifione. <lb/><emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg209"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/><lb/><expan abbr="Quãdo">Quando</expan> &longs;ia <lb/>mo nece&longs;­<lb/>&longs;itati a &longs;er­<lb/>uirne <expan abbr="del-l'oppo&longs;itiõ">del­<lb/>l'oppo&longs;itiom</expan> <lb/>negatiua. <lb/><emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg210"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/><lb/>Perchei ge <lb/>neri non &longs;i <lb/>diuidonop <lb/>oppo&longs;ition <lb/>relatiua. <lb/><emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg211"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/><lb/>Ri&longs;olutio­<lb/>ne, che co <lb/>&longs;a &longs;ia, & a <lb/>che &longs;erua. <lb/><emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg212"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/><lb/>E&longs;&longs;empio. <lb/><emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg213"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/><lb/>Come d<gap/><lb/>gli ind u<gap/><lb/>dui &longs;i po&longs;l<gap/><lb/>uenire ï co <lb/>gnition di <lb/>una natura <lb/>commune <lb/>col me<gap/>ol <lb/>dellari&longs;ol<gap/><lb/>tione. <gap/><lb/><emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg214"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/><lb/>Ri&longs;olution <lb/>Logica. <lb/><emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg215"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/><lb/>Ri&longs;olution <lb/>matemati­<lb/>ca. <lb/><emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"/>ILFINE DELLA SECONDA <lb/><emph type="roman"/>SESTIONE.<emph.end type="roman"/><emph.end type="center"/></s> </p> <pb pagenum="176"/> <figure></figure> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"/><emph type="roman"/>DELLA SCALA <lb/>DELLE SCIENZE, <lb/>ET AR TI, <lb/>DIVISA IN QVATTRO SETTIONI,<emph.end type="roman"/><lb/>DALL'ECCELLENTE MEDICO <lb/><emph type="roman"/>& Filo&longs;ofo, Me&longs;&longs;er GREGORIO <lb/>MORELLI. <lb/>SETTION TERZA.<emph.end type="roman"/><lb/>NELL A QVALE SITR ATTA <lb/>del Iappo, ouero de gli I&longs;trumenti <lb/>i&longs;perimentatali, cioè. <lb/>ESSEMPIO, ET INDVTTIONE. <lb/><emph type="roman"/>INTERLOCVTORI.<emph.end type="roman"/><emph.end type="center"/></s> </p> <figure></figure> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"/><emph type="roman"/>TOMITANO, MARCANDONE, <lb/>ET IL MORELLO.<emph.end type="roman"/><emph.end type="center"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="roman"/>C<emph.end type="roman"/>H<emph type="roman"/>E BVONA FORTVNA<emph.end type="roman"/><lb/>ui ha condotto qua in que&longs;ti cal­<lb/>di Marcandone Gentile? M<emph type="roman"/>AR.<emph.end type="roman"/><lb/>Io &longs;on uenuto da uoi in quel me­<lb/>de&longs;imo modo, che uiene il ferro alla calamita. <pb pagenum="177"/>T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Harei io mai per auentura forza oc­<lb/>culta di tirar gli huomini? M<emph type="roman"/>AR. N<emph.end type="roman"/>on <lb/>lhauete &longs;olamente occulta, come hanno la ca <lb/>lamita, il legno &longs;anto, il Reobarbaro, & al <lb/>tri &longs;imili: ma l'hauete pale&longs;e, che tutti la ue, <lb/>dono, & &longs;entono; onde io &longs;on stato tirato &longs;i <lb/>da una certa proprietà uo&longs;tra occulta, & pa­<lb/>le&longs;e, come ancor da una certa buona &longs;orte, & <lb/>corte&longs;ia, & amoreuolezza del no&longs;tro Morel­<lb/>lo. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> A mouere, & tirare un'huo­<lb/>mo di grauità, non ba&longs;tano le forze d'uno, ma <lb/>bi&longs;ogna, che ui &longs;ieno quelle di piu, & di gra <lb/>tia, la&longs;ciate le burle, chi ui ha condotto qui? <lb/>M<emph type="roman"/>AR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Dirouui. Hieri, e&longs;&longs;endo in pratti­<lb/>ca con l'Eccellentißimo Aluigi Bellacati, mi <lb/>&longs;coper&longs;e il Morello, come ui riduceuate in&longs;ie­<lb/>me, & di&longs;correuate &longs;opra alcune bellißime ma <lb/>terie, & io &longs;entendo co&longs;i, come quegli, che ha <lb/>&longs;empre de&longs;iderato di udirui, & dal uo&longs;tro par <lb/>lar pre&longs;o non meno utilità, che dilettatione, <lb/>per l'eloquenza, & bellißime inuentioni, ar­<lb/>ricchite di dottißime &longs;entenze, & modi di di <lb/>re, mi deliberai di uenirmene con lui. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/><lb/>di que&longs;to buono animo ui ringratio, & ne pi­<lb/>glio con&longs;olatione, benche io &longs;appia, che in me <lb/>non &longs;ieno à gran parte di tante uirtù, come ui <lb/>a&longs;tringe l'affettione, che mi portate, à darmi, <lb/>perche in un certo modo que&longs;ta buona impre&longs;- <pb pagenum="178"/>&longs;ione, che hauete di me, e per portarui utili­<lb/>tà udendomi, & alle uolte è per arrecar an­<lb/>cora à me honore; & il Morello ringratio <lb/>de i buoni offici, che fa uer&longs;o di me. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/><lb/>buoni offici feci io &longs;empre per tutti, ma in que <lb/>sto ca&longs;o, &longs;e io ho fatto buono officio, non &longs;i de <lb/>ue attribuire à me, ma piu to&longs;to alla buona <lb/>stella uo&longs;tra, & del Marcandone, perche io <lb/>dimandato da lui, &longs;e &longs;arei dopo de&longs;inare con <lb/>l'eccellentißimo Bellacati in prattica, gli di&longs;­<lb/>&longs;i, che non poteua; percioche per due, ò tre <lb/>giorni haueua da e&longs;&longs;ere ancor con uoi, & egli <lb/>mi dimandò à che fare; & io gli dißi il tut­<lb/>to. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> in dirli il tutto, &longs;on &longs;icuro, che <lb/>gli mette&longs;te un poco del uo&longs;tro, & Dio uoglia <lb/>che non faccia pentire il Marcandone di e&longs;&longs;er <lb/>uenuto. Ditemi innanzi che ueniamo al no­<lb/>stro propo&longs;ito, che fa l'sccell. Signor Aluigi <lb/>Bellacati? egli deue e&longs;&longs;er continuamente &longs;ul ui <lb/>&longs;itare infermi. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Ò che ui&longs;ita ò che è <lb/>ui&longs;itato, ui prometto<gap/> che non gli dan luogo le <lb/>tante occupationi di attendere à &longs;e ste&longs;&longs;o. & <lb/>à pena ha tempo di mangiare (come &longs;i &longs;uol <lb/>dire) ma pare, che Iddio gli accre&longs;ca di con­<lb/>tinuo le forze, il &longs;apere, & l'animo, perche <lb/>&longs;e altrimenti fu&longs;&longs;e, &longs;arebbe impoßibile, che <lb/>pote&longs;&longs;e durare à tante fatiche. M<emph type="roman"/>AR.<emph.end type="roman"/> La <lb/>&longs;ua buona natura, & il gouerno, che ha nel <lb/>re&longs;to del. uiuere, & Iddio principalmente, <pb pagenum="179"/>che à beneficio di tutto l mondo lo con&longs;erua, <lb/>fanno che &longs;i mantiene. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Per il uero è <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg216"></arrow.to.target><lb/>uno de i gran prattici, che habbia mai hauu­<lb/>ta que&longs;ta no&longs;tra età, & uince ogni altro di <lb/>que&longs;ta profeßione, di humanità, & diligen­<lb/>za; parti, che tanto conuengono ad un Me­<lb/>dico, quanto la e&longs;perienza i&longs;te&longs;&longs;a, & ragio­<lb/>ne in&longs;ieme, però tutti &longs;ono tenuti à de&longs;iderar <lb/>li lunga uita, & felicità, & uoi in &longs;pecia­<lb/>le &longs;iate tenuti à lodare Iddio, che ui ha <lb/>fatto gratia à pratticar con &longs;ua Eccellenza al <lb/>la quale douete fare ogni &longs;orte di honori. <lb/>M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Dobbiamo certo, & io per me, non <lb/>è co&longs;a, che per lui non faceßi. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Hor <lb/>la&longs;ciamo l'eccellentißimo Bellacati, che Iddio <lb/>lo con&longs;erui lungamente; & ueniamo al no&longs;tro <lb/>propo&longs;ito, hauendo dirizzata la Scala delle <lb/>scienze, & arti, con i &longs;uoi gradi ordinata­<lb/>mente di&longs;po&longs;ti, alla quale non manca &longs;e non il <lb/>Tappo; però hoggi intorno al Tappo parlare­<lb/>mo, accio poi à no&longs;tro bell'agio la poßiamo <lb/>adopcrare; & mi rincre&longs;ce, che ancor uoi <lb/>non &longs;iate stato pre&longs;ente alla fabrica. <emph type="roman"/>MAR.<emph.end type="roman"/><lb/>Me ne duol certo; ma però ringratio i Cieli, <lb/>che mi habbino fatto degno almen di que&longs;to <lb/>fine, & per dire il uero del principio, & me­<lb/>zo ancora, perche il Morello mi ha racconta­<lb/>to ogni co&longs;a &longs;uccintamente, onde giudico que- <pb pagenum="180"/>sta uo&longs;tra Scala de i belli i&longs;trumenti, che &longs;i <lb/>po&longs;&longs;a pen&longs;are; però merita che &longs;ia adempiuta. <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg217"></arrow.to.target><lb/>T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Hor alle mani. Il Tappo è adunque <lb/>quell i&longs;trumento, che chiamano gli Autori <lb/>e&longs;perimento; ilquale, poi che &longs;arà formato <lb/>da noi, il Marcandone la applicherà alla Sca <lb/>la. M<emph type="roman"/>AR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Non fate di&longs;&longs;egno &longs;opra di me, <lb/>perche &longs;olo &longs;on uenuto per a&longs;coltarui. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/><lb/>Non bi&longs;ogna, che il parlare, ò il tacere &longs;ia <lb/>piu d'uno, che dell'altro; à tutti conuien fa­<lb/>re la &longs;ua parte. M<emph type="roman"/>AR.<emph.end type="roman"/> La parte mia &longs;arà <lb/>il tacere. tuttauia per fare &longs;econdo le uo&longs;tre <lb/>uoglie, io mi traponerò nel modo, che &longs;aperò. <lb/>T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Sò ben io, che non &longs;ete per manca­<lb/>re. Diceuamo di &longs;opra, che tutti gli i&longs;tru­<lb/>menti pigliano la lor forma dalle co&longs;e, di che <lb/>&longs;ono i&longs;trumenti, però tante &longs;ono le &longs;pecie de gli <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg218"></arrow.to.target><lb/>i&longs;trumenti, quante &longs;ono uarie le co&longs;e, che di <lb/>quelli &longs;i &longs;eruono; alcune co&longs;e &longs;ono di tal na­<lb/>tura, che di quelli &longs;i può hauere perfetta co­<lb/>gnitione; & però na&longs;ce una &longs;orte d'i&longs;trumen­<lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg219"></arrow.to.target><lb/>to perfetto, che è la demo&longs;tratione, & tutti <lb/>gli altri metodi, i quali concorrono à dimo­<lb/>strare tal cognitione; &longs;ono altre co&longs;e, lequa­<lb/>li non po&longs;&longs;ono e&longs;&longs;er cono&longs;ciute co&longs;i perfettamen <lb/>te, è però non &longs;i po&longs;&longs;ono &longs;eruire de gli i&longs;tru­<lb/>menti metodici, maßime della dimo&longs;tratione, <lb/>però ne bi&longs;ogna hauere un'altro i&longs;trumento, <pb pagenum="181"/>che ne ba&longs;ti a darne quella tanta cognitione, <lb/>che &longs;i po&longs;&longs;a hauere di quella co&longs;a, che è l'ha­<lb/>uerne una certa peritia, & que&longs;to i&longs;trumento <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg220"></arrow.to.target><lb/>è le&longs;perimentale; ilquale è nella mede&longs;ima <lb/>forma, che &longs;ono i metodi, &longs;e non che è di for­<lb/>ma piu imperfetta. <emph type="roman"/>MOR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Quale è la &longs;ua <lb/>diffinitione? T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> L'E&longs;perimento è uno i&longs;tru <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg221"></arrow.to.target><lb/>mento, di cui ci &longs;eruiamo per uenire in cogni­<lb/>tione d'una co&longs;a incognita totalmente, col me <lb/>zo d'una cognita, cioè d una, della quale ne <lb/>habbiamo &longs;olamente peritia, & cognitione <lb/>imperfetta, da che poi ne &longs;egua cognitione me <lb/>de&longs;imamente imperfetta della co&longs;a, che era in <lb/>cognita. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Talmente, che que&longs;to i&longs;tru <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg222"></arrow.to.target><lb/>mento è differente da' metodi, perche quelli <lb/>ne danno una uera &longs;cienza, & que&longs;to &longs;ola­<lb/>mente una peritia. M<emph type="roman"/>AR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Il bello &longs;arà ue­<lb/>der'il modo di far que&longs;to i&longs;trumento, & l'u&longs;o <lb/>in&longs;ieme. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Ari&longs;totele nel &longs;econdo della <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg223"></arrow.to.target><lb/>Po&longs;teriora, intorno al fine ne in&longs;egna à fabri­<lb/>carlo; oue dice, che quando uogliamo hauer <lb/>peritia di qualche co&longs;a, è nece&longs;&longs;ario, che la <lb/>rappre&longs;entiamo a &longs;en&longs;i, di cui &longs;ia e&longs;&longs;a proprio <lb/>oggetto; come à dire, che i colori, & figure, <lb/>& finalmente tutte le co&longs;e &longs;plendide le rappre­<lb/>&longs;entiamo à gli occhi, à gli orecchi le uoci, al <lb/>l'odorato gli odori, al gu&longs;to i &longs;apori, & al <lb/>tatto le co&longs;e tangibili, come ogni &longs;orte di co&longs;a <pb pagenum="182"/>che ha corpo; perche poi che i &longs;en&longs;i &longs;entono, <lb/>que&longs;ti propij oggetti, di &longs;ubito, &longs;e non &longs;ono im <lb/>pediti, riferi&longs;cono la imagine d'eßi oggetti al <lb/>&longs;en&longs;o commune, oue &longs;e ne fa una &longs;en&longs;atione, <lb/>dopoi ri&longs;entito di nouo l'oggetto, lo riporta al <lb/>&longs;en&longs;o commune; oue parimente &longs;e ne fa un'al­<lb/>tra &longs;en&longs;atione; & per le molte &longs;en&longs;ationi da­<lb/>poi ne na&longs;ce una memoria, col mezo della qual <lb/>memoria poi rappre&longs;entando&longs;i a &longs;en&longs;i un'altra <lb/>co&longs;a &longs;imile à quella, di che ne è fatta la me­<lb/>moria, la cono&longs;ciamo, & nel mede&longs;imo modo <lb/>noi cono&longs;ciamo dell'altre co&longs;e, che pur &longs;ono <lb/>&longs;imili alle già dette prime; dal che ne na&longs;cono <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg224"></arrow.to.target><lb/>molte memorie, dalle quali poi l'intelletto ne <lb/>caua l'uniuer&longs;ale, che è perfetta materia del­<lb/>li metodici in&longs;trumenti d'e&longs;&longs;o intelletto. M<emph type="roman"/>AR.<emph.end type="roman"/><lb/>Quel primo atto adunque della &longs;en&longs;itiua, è <lb/>commune à noi, & à gli animali bruti. <lb/>T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> è uero, & non &longs;olo il primo, ma an <lb/>cora il &longs;econdo è communicato à molti anima­<lb/>li irrationali, ma però non à tutti. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/><lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg225"></arrow.to.target><lb/>Per il primo atto intendete la prima &longs;en&longs;atio­<lb/>ne. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Et per la &longs;econda, & per la me <lb/>moria ancora. La &longs;econda chiamo poi quella <lb/>operatione, che &longs;i fa dalla memoria, non à <lb/>quella co&longs;a, di che &longs;i ha memoria. ma ad <lb/>un'altra &longs;imile in &longs;pecie, però differente dinu­<lb/>mero, & altri accidenti, da che ne na&longs;ce poi <pb pagenum="183"/>l'attione dell'intelletto; percioche (come ho <lb/>già detto) dalle molte memorie l'intelletto ne <lb/>fa l'uniuer&longs;ale principio della &longs;ua uera opcra­<lb/>tione. M<emph type="roman"/>AR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Se la prima &longs;en&longs;atione è com­<lb/>mune à noi, & à gli animali bruti, non è du <lb/>bio, che non &longs;ia &longs;olamente attione dell'anima <lb/>&longs;en&longs;itiua. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> è ueramente. M<emph type="roman"/>AR.<emph.end type="roman"/><lb/>Tuttauia io non sò, e&longs;&longs;endo il di&longs;cor&longs;o &longs;opra <lb/>dell'intelletto &longs;olamente, come potrà e&longs;&longs;ere, che <lb/>la &longs;en&longs;itiua adopri que&longs;to i&longs;trumento, ilquale <lb/>andando da una co&longs;a cono&longs;ciuta ad una incogni <lb/>ta, uiene ad e&longs;&longs;ere di&longs;cor&longs;o, benche &longs;olamente <lb/>ne dia peritia, & non uera cognitione. <lb/>M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Auertite Marcandone) dirò in cio <lb/>il parer mio, non ch'io uoglia determinar que <lb/>sta que&longs;tione, anzi la la&longs;cio all'Eccellentißi­<lb/>mo Tomitano) che quello atto della &longs;en&longs;itiua, <lb/>è di&longs;cor&longs;o &longs;imile à quel dell'intelletto, & non <lb/>è quel dell'intelletto. & accioche mi faccia <lb/>meglio intendere, douete &longs;apere, che ui &longs;ono <lb/>tre &longs;orti di di&longs;cor&longs;i; l'uno, che è fatto da gli <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg226"></arrow.to.target><lb/>animali bruti; l'altro dalla &longs;en&longs;itiua cogitati­<lb/>ua dell'huomo; & il terzo è dell'intelletto. <lb/>T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Il Morello, &longs;i come dal principio del <lb/>parlar della no&longs;tra Scala, egli di&longs;&longs;e, ch'io uo <lb/>leua hauer nel parlar mio per guida Ari&longs;tote <lb/>le, & Galeno. hora per non far torto al &longs;uo <lb/>Auerroe, qual stima piu d'ogni altro, & <pb pagenum="184"/>meritamente certo, egli lo uuol &longs;eguire nella <lb/>materia de gli i&longs;trumenti i&longs;perimentali, M<emph type="roman"/>AR.<emph.end type="roman"/><lb/>et che l'affettione, ch'egli porta ad Auerroe <lb/>non l'inganni. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> ò il Morello non è co&longs;i <lb/>facile da la&longs;ciar&longs;i tra&longs;portare dalle paßioni. <lb/>M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Vi accordate ambidui à burlarmi. <lb/>Horsù in pace, finirò quello, ch'io uoleua di <lb/>re; dapoi mi fia luogo al ri&longs;entirmi. Dico <lb/>dunque, che ui &longs;ono tre &longs;orti di di&longs;cor&longs;i, &longs;econ <lb/>do l'opinion d' Auerroe (da che uolete ch'io lo <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg227"></arrow.to.target><lb/>dica) l'uno de gli animali bruti, ilquale è piu <lb/>imperfetto che ui &longs;ia, & non è niuno che lo <lb/>po&longs;&longs;a negare; percioche noi uediamo la peco­<lb/>ra ritrar dal lupo una certa effigie à lei &longs;pa­<lb/>uenteuole, per laquale ogni uolta, che &longs;ente <lb/>annonciare il lupo, &longs;pauenta&longs;i, e fugge; ec­<lb/>co che da una co&longs;a nota diuiene in cognitione <lb/>d'una ignota, che è di&longs;correre; però &longs;e mi fu&longs;&longs;e <lb/>dimandato che di&longs;cor&longs;o &longs;ia que&longs;to, io direi pri <lb/>ma, che fu&longs;&longs;e un certo in&longs;tinto naturale, che <lb/>han tutte le co&longs;e di cono&longs;cere il &longs;uo contrario, <lb/>& di fuggirlo; & che que&longs;to tal di&longs;cor&longs;o è ai<gap/><lb/>cora in un certo modo nelle piante, & ne gli <lb/>altri mi&longs;ti, & in&longs;ino ne i corpi &longs;emplici, & fi­<lb/>nalmente nella materia prima, laquale diceua <lb/>Ari&longs;totele, che de&longs;idera la forma, come fa la <lb/>femina il ma&longs;chio; & che fugge la priuatio­<lb/>ne.que&longs;to de&longs;iderare & fuggire, pare che &longs;up- <pb pagenum="185"/>ponga in un certo modo non &longs;o che di lume del <lb/>la co&longs;a che è de&longs;iderata. & direi, che oltra <lb/>che è i&longs;tinto naturale, che haue&longs;&longs;ero ancor al <lb/>tre qualità, però che l'animale quel che fug­<lb/>ge, lo cono&longs;ce di tal figura, & in &longs;e ne pren <lb/>de il ritratto; co&longs;a che non fanno le piante.on <lb/>de uoglio dire, che pigliando il di&longs;cor&longs;o in <lb/>quella latitudine, che può e&longs;&longs;er pre&longs;o, che non <lb/>&longs;olamente è ne gli animali, ma nelle piante, <lb/>& altri; dico bene che &longs;e pigliaremo il di&longs;cor <lb/>&longs;o in que&longs;to &longs;en&longs;o, in quanto che manife&longs;tamen <lb/>te &longs;iano le parti di e&longs;&longs;o cono&longs;ciute, cioè, che <lb/>colui, che fa il di&longs;cor&longs;o cono&longs;ca prima la co&longs;a, <lb/>per il cui mezo dapoi cono&longs;ca l'altra; dico, <lb/>che &longs;i e&longs;tenderà il di&longs;cor&longs;o &longs;olamente nell'huo­<lb/>&longs;mo, & in alcuni animali; & que&longs;to di&longs;cor&longs;o <lb/>arà tripartito, come ho gia detto, cioè im­<lb/>perfetto, manco perfetto, & perfetto. Lim­<lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg228"></arrow.to.target><lb/>perfetto &longs;arà quello de gli animali bruti, come <lb/>della pecora, dal cane, & altri &longs;imili: i qua <lb/>li, quantunque dalla co&longs;a materiale ne faccia <lb/>no in un certo modo una imagine immateriale, <lb/>per mezo della quale, cono&longs;cano poi le co&longs;e, <lb/>che gli rappre&longs;enta e&longs;&longs;a imagine; nondimeno <lb/>perche non la cono&longs;cano intieramente, ma &longs;o­<lb/>lo in quanto che ella è buona ò cattiua à &longs;e me <lb/>de&longs;imi, & che è di tal figura, dico, che co­<lb/>no&longs;cono imperfettißimamente. M<emph type="roman"/>AR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Fin <pb pagenum="186"/>quì il Morello non &longs;i è &longs;co&longs;tato punto dal &longs;uo <lb/>Auerroe. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Sarebbe meglio, che &longs;i <lb/>di&longs;co&longs;ta&longs;&longs;e, hauendo giurato (come &longs;i &longs;uol dire) <lb/>nelle parole del mae&longs;tro &longs;uo. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Non <lb/>di&longs;co&longs;tandomi da lui, non po&longs;&longs;o &longs;e non &longs;eguire <lb/>la uerità. Hor il di&longs;cor&longs;o che fa la &longs;en&longs;itiua <lb/>dell'huomo, è manco imperfetto; percioche non <lb/>&longs;olo e&longs;&longs;a cono&longs;cei particolari inquanto che &longs;o­<lb/>no buoni ò cattiui all'huomo, & in quanto &longs;o <lb/>no di tal figura, & riceue la loro effigie in­<lb/>trin&longs;ecamente, ma inquanto &longs;ono tali, & in­<lb/>&longs;ieme cono&longs;cono tutte le differenze indiuidua­<lb/>li, che &longs;ono tra l'uno, & l'altro, co&longs;a che <lb/>non fanno li bruti, & perche que&longs;ta uirtù &longs;en <lb/>&longs;itiua è come diceua Ari&longs;totele nel &longs;econdo <lb/>dell' Anima, diui&longs;a dal &longs;en&longs;o, & intelletto; in <lb/>di auiene ancora, che la &longs;ua attione è pari­<lb/>mente diui&longs;a da quella dell'intelletto, & &longs;en&longs;o <lb/>ancora, nè per &longs;e ste&longs;&longs;a è uniforme in tutti <lb/>gli animali; come ben di&longs;&longs;e Themi&longs;tio e&longs;ponen <lb/>do il decimoquinto te&longs;to nel &longs;econdo dell'ani­<lb/>ma, oue dice Ari&longs;totele, che non in tutti gli <lb/>animali è l'imaginatione, di&longs;&longs;e, che Ari&longs;tote <lb/>le intendeua &longs;olamente della imaginatione per <lb/>fetta & terminata; & nel mede&longs;mo luoco <lb/>Auerroe e&longs;&longs;endo della mede&longs;ima opinione di­<lb/>ce, che le Api, & Formiche, hanno la imagi <lb/>natiua, onde di parere d' Ari&longs;totele uo&longs;tro, & <pb pagenum="187"/>ancor d'Auerroe, & Temi&longs;tio, è manife&longs;ta <lb/>que&longs;ta diui&longs;ione del di&longs;correre. & percio uoi <lb/>potete uedere in che modo potiamo dire, & <lb/>che gli animali irrationali di&longs;corrino, & pa­<lb/>rimente la &longs;en&longs;itiua nell'huomo, & l'intellet­<lb/>to ancora. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Acciò &longs;ia leuata ognioc <lb/>ca&longs;ione à uoi Marcandone di uenire à di&longs;pute, <lb/>io, in confermatione di quello, che ha detto <lb/>il Morello, uoglio che pigliate que&longs;ta materia <lb/>piu per l'ordine. Bi&longs;ogna che &longs;appiate, che <lb/>ogni &longs;orte di cono&longs;cere, & di&longs;correre na&longs;ce <lb/>dall'anima; et però conuien &longs;apere che co&longs;a &longs;ia <lb/>e&longs;&longs;a anima, & le &longs;ue parti, & uirtù; però <lb/>in uia de' Filo&longs;ofi, l'anima (come &longs;apete) è <lb/>diffinita da Ari&longs;totele in due modi, cioè che <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg229"></arrow.to.target><lb/>e il primo atto del corpo naturale organiza­<lb/>to, & ricco, & in un'altro luoco dice, che <lb/>l'anima è un principio di uiuere, & cau&longs;a del <lb/>corpo. Non starò à dichiararui e&longs;&longs;e diffini­<lb/>tioni, perche cia&longs;cun di uoi già per auanti le <lb/>&longs;anno. Tre &longs;ono le &longs;pecie dell'anima, perche <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg230"></arrow.to.target><lb/>alle uolte uediamo, che l'anima dà l'e&longs;&longs;ere ma <lb/>teriale &longs;olamente, dal quale quello è anima­<lb/>to, e &longs;olamente quello che è, & altro non fa <lb/>per &longs;imilitudine, che riceua in &longs;e ste&longs;&longs;o, per­<lb/>che e&longs;&longs;o non cono&longs;ce; & que&longs;ti tali uiuenti &longs;o­<lb/>no le piante, lequali &longs;ono informate dall'ani­<lb/>ma uegetatiua. Alcuni altri uiuenti non &longs;o- <pb pagenum="188"/>lo &longs;ono come le piante animati, ma in &longs;e steßi <lb/>riceuono &longs;imilitudine dell'altre co&longs;e; partico­<lb/>larmente però. & que&longs;ti &longs;ono gli animali bru <lb/>ti, i quali per li &longs;en&longs;i mediante l'anima &longs;en&longs;i­<lb/>tiua riceuono delli particolari &longs;imilitudine. <lb/>La terza &longs;pecie dell'anima è quella, che fa, <lb/>che colui, che è di e&longs;&longs;a informato, riceua in <lb/>&longs;e ste&longs;&longs;o le co&longs;e uniuer&longs;almente; & que&longs;ta è <lb/>l'anima intellettiua, che è la forma dell'huo­<lb/>mo. M<emph type="roman"/>AR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Adunque ui &longs;ono tre &longs;orti d'ani <lb/>ma, lequali (come &longs;i può intendere dalle uo­<lb/>strc parole) &longs;i po&longs;&longs;ono &longs;eparare l'una dall'al­<lb/>tra; perche la uegetatiua è nelle piante &longs;enza <lb/>le altre; la &longs;en&longs;itiua parimente ne gli anima­<lb/>li bruti, &longs;enza l'intellettiua; & la intelletti­<lb/>ua finalmente nell'huomo. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> La &longs;en&longs;i <lb/>tiua, & uegetatiua po&longs;&longs;ono &longs;tare &longs;enza la intel <lb/>lettiua; la intellettiua però non può stare &longs;en <lb/>za le altre; & però nell'huomo &longs;i ritrouano <lb/>que&longs;te tre &longs;orti d'anime; tuttauia non debbia­<lb/>mo dire, che habbia tre forme; percioche le <lb/>prime due &longs;ono come preparationi alla intellet <lb/>tiua. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Voi dite il uero Morello, ma <lb/>la&longs;ciate ch'io dica quel ch'io ho da dire, & <lb/>dapoi &longs;e hauerete qualche co&longs;a ancor uoi dire­<lb/>te, che ui fia conce&longs;&longs;o. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Dicete, che <lb/>piu non u'interromperò. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> e&longs;&longs;endo, <lb/>come ho già detto, tre &longs;orti d'anima, &longs;egue <pb pagenum="189"/>che &longs;ieno parimente tre &longs;pecie d'animali; ma <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg231"></arrow.to.target><lb/>perche l'anima &longs;en&longs;itiua &longs;i diuide in due parti, <lb/>in alcuni &longs;pirituali &longs;i uede, che &longs;olo gli da il <lb/>&longs;en&longs;o, in alcuni il &longs;en&longs;o col moto da luoco à luo <lb/>co; in&longs;ieme diremo, che ui &longs;ono quattro gra­<lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg232"></arrow.to.target><lb/>di di uiuenti, il uegetatiuo, il &longs;en&longs;itiuo, il <lb/>motiuo, & il quarto l'intellettiuo, a' quali <lb/>aggiungeremo il quinto, perche &longs;egue &longs;empre <lb/>l'appetito il &longs;en&longs;itiuo, & il motiuo. Et però <lb/>le principali potenze dell anima &longs;ono cinque, <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg233"></arrow.to.target><lb/>cioè potenza uegetatiua, &longs;en&longs;itiua, motiua, <lb/>appetitiua & intellettiua, quale à douer tro­<lb/>uare a&longs;&longs;olutamente que&longs;ta natura, bi&longs;ognareb­<lb/>be con&longs;iderar tutte que&longs;te potenze, & gli <lb/>obietti à loro, ma non è proprio luoco; però <lb/>dirò &longs;olo quel tanto, che ne fa bi&longs;ogno ad in­<lb/>tendere quel che fa à propo&longs;ito no&longs;tro. L'ani <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg234"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ma uegetale laquale &longs;i ritroua in qualunque <lb/>&longs;orte d'animale, ha tre potenze, & tre attio <lb/>ni, cioè di nutrire, augumentare, & gene­<lb/>rare. La &longs;en&longs;itiua, della quale maßimamen <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg235"></arrow.to.target><lb/>te parlar dobbiamo, ne ha due, una interna, <lb/>& l'altra e&longs;terna. La potenza e&longs;teriore &longs;i <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg236"></arrow.to.target><lb/>diuide ne i cinque &longs;en&longs;i, i quali to&longs;to che gli <lb/>&longs;iano rappre&longs;entati i &longs;uoi proprij oggetti, &longs;u­<lb/>bito gli &longs;entono, &longs;e non &longs;ono da qualche cagio <lb/>ne impediti; mentre però che tali oggetti &longs;ono <lb/>pre&longs;enti, & eßi non cono&longs;cono le differenze de <pb pagenum="190"/>gli oggetti, perche bi&longs;ognarebbe, che uerbi­<lb/>gratia, &longs;e il ui&longs;o doue&longs;&longs;e cono&longs;cere la differen­<lb/>za, che è tra il bianco, & il dolce, che cono <lb/>&longs;ce&longs;&longs;e ambidui; ilche è impoßibile, perche il <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg237"></arrow.to.target><lb/>dolce non è &longs;uo oggetto, ma la potenza inte­<lb/>riore, laquale è diui&longs;a in quattro potenze, co <lb/>me uederemo, cono&longs;ce gli oggetti pre&longs;enti, & <lb/>le loro differenze indiuiduali, però la prima <lb/>è una &longs;ola potenza, laquale in &longs;e raccoglie <lb/>tutte le imagini di tutti gli oggetti de' cinque <lb/>&longs;en&longs;i, & gli cono&longs;ce in&longs;ieme con le loro diffe­<lb/>renze; & que&longs;to è il &longs;en&longs;o commune, oltra <lb/>que&longs;to &longs;en&longs;o commune è nece&longs;&longs;ario porre un'al <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg238"></arrow.to.target><lb/>tra uertù & è quella, che Auerroe chiamò <lb/>imaginatiua, & li Grcci Fanta&longs;ia. M<emph type="roman"/>AR.<emph.end type="roman"/><lb/>Perche e nece&longs;&longs;ario à porla? T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Perche <lb/>à gli animali perfetti conuiene non &longs;olamente <lb/>apprendere le co&longs;e pre&longs;enti, ma ancora e&longs;&longs;en <lb/>do a&longs;&longs;enti; altrimenti non &longs;i mouerebbono mai <lb/>à cercare co&longs;a ueruna a&longs;&longs;ente; al che fare non <lb/>&longs;olo è nece&longs;&longs;ario, che l'animale riceua le &longs;pecie <lb/>delle co&longs;e &longs;en&longs;ibili, ma che le con&longs;erui. onde <lb/>è nece&longs;&longs;ario porre due uertù, una, che pigli, <lb/>& l'altra con&longs;erui e&longs;&longs;e &longs;pecie. il &longs;en&longs;o commu <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg239"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ne è quello, che riceue le &longs;pecie &longs;en&longs;ate. quel <lb/>la che li con&longs;erua poi è la Fanta&longs;ia, ouero <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg240"></arrow.to.target><lb/>imaginatiua; laqual uertù nell'huomo compo­<lb/>ne una co&longs;a con l'altra, come l'oro con un mon- <pb pagenum="191"/>te, & dimo&longs;tra qua&longs;i un monte d'oro, laqual <lb/>compo&longs;itione non co&longs;i appare ne gli altri ani­<lb/>mali. Oltra que&longs;te potenze della &longs;en&longs;itiua, fa <lb/>di me&longs;tieri, che poniamo delle altre, cioè la <lb/>e&longs;timatiua ne gli bruti, & la cogitatiua ne gli <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg241"></arrow.to.target><lb/>huomini, accioche cerchino alcune co&longs;e, & <lb/>fugghino altre, non per allettare, ouero non <lb/>nuocere al &longs;en&longs;o, ma per altri commodi tali, <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg242"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ouero incommodi. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Et che differen­<lb/>za fate uoi tra la e&longs;timatiua, & la cogitati­<lb/>ua. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> La e&longs;timatiua apprende le inten <lb/>tioni non &longs;en&longs;ate, per un certo in&longs;tinto natura <lb/>le, & in que&longs;ta gui&longs;a gli animali bruti appren <lb/>dono, ma l'huomo cono&longs;ce l'intentioni di que­<lb/>&longs;ta &longs;orte per la cogitatiua, come per una cer­<lb/>ta collatione, perche partecipa in un certo mo <lb/>do del lume dell'iutelletto, & oltra que&longs;te po­<lb/>tenze, è nece&longs;&longs;ario porre un'altra, cioè la me <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg243"></arrow.to.target><lb/>moratiua, perche &longs;i come alla con&longs;eruatione <lb/>delle &longs;pecie &longs;en&longs;ate, è nece&longs;&longs;ario porre la Fan <lb/>ta&longs;ia, co&longs;i parimente è nece&longs;&longs;ario porre un'al <lb/>tra uertù, che con&longs;erui l'intentioni non &longs;en­<lb/>&longs;ate. & che que&longs;to &longs;ia il uero, lo uediamo <lb/>e&longs;preßißimamente, perche noi uediamo, che'l <lb/>principio del raccordar&longs;i è in eßi animali, per <lb/>qualche intentione di que&longs;ta &longs;orte, cioè dalla <lb/>rappre&longs;entatione, che &longs;e li fa d'una co&longs;a noci­<lb/>ua, ouero diletteuole, che &longs;i &longs;ia &longs;tata per inan- <pb pagenum="192"/>zi. Non uediamo noi il cane, quando riuede <lb/>uno, che gli habbia dato, ouero minacciato, <lb/>fuggir&longs;ene, & oltra il uedere imaginar&longs;i, per <lb/>laquale imaginatione fugge quello come &longs;uo ni <lb/>mico? Per tanto e nece&longs;&longs;ario, che diciamo ne <lb/>gli animali bruti e&longs;&longs;ere la memoria, laquale <lb/>però è piu imperfetta di quella dell'huomo; <lb/>perche ancor la &longs;ua cogitatiua è men perfet­<lb/>ta. Que&longs;te &longs;ono adunque le potenze dell'ani­<lb/>ma &longs;en&longs;itiua, lequali concorrono à far quel <lb/>di&longs;cor&longs;o, che diceuamo dare all'huomo non <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg244"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;cientia, ma peritia. Le altre potenze dell'a­<lb/>nima trapa&longs;&longs;o; però dico, che i &longs;en&longs;i &longs;entono <lb/>i &longs;uoi oggetti pre&longs;enti. Il &longs;en&longs;o commune ap­<lb/>prende tutte le &longs;en&longs;ationi, con le loro differen <lb/>ze. Le &longs;en&longs;ationi poi &longs;ono &longs;eruate dalla Fan­<lb/>ta&longs;ia, ouero imaginatiua. Et perche oltra <lb/>che bi&longs;ogna, che apprenda le &longs;en&longs;ationi dalli <lb/>&longs;en&longs;i e&longs;teriori, fa ancor di me&longs;tieri, che ap­<lb/>prenda l'amicitia, & l'odio, & altre inten­<lb/>tioni, che non &longs;i &longs;anno per mezo de' &longs;en&longs;i. <lb/>Bi&longs;ogna porre la terza potenza, cioè l'e&longs;tima <lb/>tiua ne i bruti, & cogitatiua nellhuomo. <lb/>Douendo&longs;i poi &longs;eruar tali intentioni, è stato <lb/>nece&longs;&longs;ario porre la memoria. Onde è manife­<lb/>sto in che modo &longs;i faccia il di&longs;cor&longs;o nella &longs;en&longs;i­<lb/>tiua, perche da una &longs;en&longs;atione fatta nella Fan <lb/>ta&longs;ia, &longs;i può uenire in cognitione d'un partico- <pb pagenum="193"/>lare; & da quello ad un'altro, in&longs;in tanto, <lb/>che &longs;i fa l'habito uniuer&longs;al, come appre&longs;&longs;o gli <lb/>medici, i quali hanno o&longs;&longs;eruato in uno pri­<lb/>ma, & poi in dui, che l'agarico purga la <lb/>pituita, & poi che ne la&longs;cino fare molte o&longs;&longs;er <lb/>uationi, & memorie, ne fanno un uniuer&longs;a­<lb/>le, che è, l'agarico purga la pituita, & da che <lb/>&longs;iamo uenuti à parlar de i medici &longs;aper dobia <lb/>mo, che gli compo&longs;iti &longs;i contentano di hauer <lb/>&longs;olamente le &longs;en&longs;ationi: & le memorie, &longs;en­<lb/>za piu oltra di&longs;correre. M<emph type="roman"/>AR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Come fan <lb/>no nel trar del &longs;angue, hanno o&longs;&longs;eruato in uno <lb/>ouero in dui, che la febre ardente è &longs;cacciata <lb/>dalla &longs;etion della uena in&longs;in alla &longs;incope, & pe <lb/>rò &longs;enza con&longs;iderar il tempo, l'età, del Ama­<lb/>lato, le forze, & tutte l'altre conditioni, che <lb/>un medico rationale con&longs;idera, tagliar anno la <lb/>uena &longs;enza di&longs;tintione nella febre ardente. <lb/>T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> ma il medico rationale, piu oltra pa&longs;&longs;an <lb/>do con l'intelletto, inanzi che uenga à tagliar <lb/>la uena uorrà uedere, &longs;e &longs;i confrontano le e&longs;pe <lb/>rienze con la ragione & &longs;e uedrà che le co&longs;e <lb/>pre&longs;enti non corri&longs;pondano alle pa&longs;&longs;ate, e&longs;&longs;o <lb/>mondificarà tal &longs;ettione, tal che farà e&longs;qui­<lb/>lio, & hauerà &longs;perimentato, & quello che <lb/>gli dettarà il di&longs;cor&longs;o del intelletto ne calzarà <lb/>tutti con una mede&longs;ima corona (come &longs;i &longs;uol <lb/>dire) ma &longs;econdo tale indicationi di&longs;&longs;e, &longs;e gli <pb pagenum="194"/>offerirà, egli &longs;i gouernarà. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Eper­<lb/>che for&longs;e alcuni riprendono l'Eccellente Mar­<lb/>candone Antonio Montagnana, perche muta <lb/>no &longs;pe&longs;&longs;o i medicamenti, in luoco di lodarlo io <lb/>per me non conobbi mai huomo, che caua&longs;&longs;e <lb/>meglio le indicationi di lui, & che meglio gli <lb/>&longs;odisface&longs;&longs;e. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> douete e&longs;&longs;ere affettio­<lb/>nato. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Son affettionato alla uerità. <lb/>T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> burlo io, uenimo al no&longs;tro propo&longs;ito. Et <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg245"></arrow.to.target><lb/>l'i&longs;trumento, che &longs;erue à que&longs;to di&longs;cor&longs;o pro­<lb/>priamente è l'e&longs;&longs;empio, ilquale ua da particola <lb/>ri à particolari. M<emph type="roman"/>AR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Cioè dalla cognitione <lb/>particolare alla cognitione particolare. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/><lb/>Non potiamo dire, che &longs;i &longs;erua ancor que&longs;ta <lb/>&longs;en&longs;itiua della induttione, perche ella uà da <lb/>particolari? T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> In que&longs;to bi&longs;ogna auer­<lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg246"></arrow.to.target><lb/>tire, che la induttione è i&longs;trumento parte del <lb/>la &longs;en&longs;itiua, parte della intellettiua. Della <lb/>&longs;en&longs;itiua, inquanto che le &longs;ue preme&longs;&longs;e &longs;ono <lb/>particolari, ma inquanto poi che la conclu&longs;io <lb/>ne è uniuer&longs;ale, è dell'intelletto. et qui &longs;i de <lb/>ue notare, che la induttione è un'i&longs;trumento, <lb/>che &longs;erue à fare il pa&longs;&longs;o, dalla cognition &longs;en­<lb/>&longs;itiua alla intellettiua, che &longs;arà nella Scala del <lb/>Tappo à gli gradi: & que&longs;te &longs;ono quelle po­<lb/>che parole, che io era per dirui intorno al mo <lb/>do, che &longs;i tiene nell'acqui&longs;tare la peritia, & <lb/>intorno al traffico, che &longs;i fa dalla peritia alla <pb pagenum="195"/>cognitione dell'intelletto, ilquale, &longs;i come la <lb/>&longs;en&longs;itiua cono&longs;ce &longs;olamente i particolari, co­<lb/>&longs;i e&longs;&longs;a cono&longs;ce &longs;olamente gli uniuer&longs;ali. Vi <lb/>ho ancor uoluto mo&longs;trar gli i&longs;trumenti di e&longs;&longs;a <lb/>&longs;en&longs;itiua breuemente, perche di &longs;opra ne <gap/> me <lb/>todi ne parlaßimo à pieno. Se hora ui pare <lb/>Morello di ri&longs;entirui, ouero di dir qualche co­<lb/>&longs;a, & &longs;imilmente uoi Marcandone, dite, che <lb/>&longs;arò pronto ad a&longs;coltarui. M<emph type="roman"/>AR<emph.end type="roman"/> Io re&longs;to <lb/>&longs;odisfattißimo, nè &longs;aprei che co&longs;a poteßi de&longs;i <lb/>derar di meglio. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Il mio ri&longs;entire &longs;a <lb/>rà chiamarmi uinto, & à uoi obligatißimo; <lb/>ilquale hoggi, che non &longs;peraua, mi hauete <lb/>fatto il piu bel di&longs;cor&longs;o, che &longs;i pote&longs;&longs;e fare in­<lb/>torno à gli i&longs;trumenti &longs;perimentali, ò tappo <lb/>della Scala come uogliam dire. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Se io <lb/>ho detto co&longs;a, che ui &longs;ia grata, mi piace, & <lb/>uoi non ne douete hauere obligo à me, ma à <lb/>uoi, che me n'hauete data cagione. et di que <lb/>sto ne faccio giudice il Marcandone. M<emph type="roman"/>AR.<emph.end type="roman"/><lb/>Le co&longs;e, che ogni un uede, non hanno bi&longs;ogno <lb/>di e&longs;&longs;er giudicate. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Se non uolete giudi­<lb/>care, pigliateui il tappo, & &longs;enza piu parole, <lb/>prima andateuene in fiera, dopoi ritornati à ca <lb/>&longs;a, ponetelo alla Scala, & Iddio ui accompa <lb/>gni, che io me ne uoglio andare in un mio ne­<lb/>gotio. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Dimani &longs;i dirà de i paßi. <lb/>T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Se uoi uerrete, tanto &longs;i farà. </s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg216"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Lodi del <lb/>Bellacati.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg217"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Tappo che <lb/>co&longs;a &longs;ia.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg218"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Specie de <lb/><expan abbr="gl'i&longs;trum&etilde;">gl'i&longs;trumen</expan> <lb/>ti.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg219"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/><expan abbr="I&longs;trum&etilde;to">I&longs;trumento</expan> <lb/>p&longs;etto qual <lb/>&longs;ia.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg220"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/><expan abbr="I&longs;trum&etilde;to">I&longs;trumento</expan> <lb/>e&longs;perimen <lb/>tale.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg221"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Diffinitio­<lb/>ne <expan abbr="dell'e-&longs;perim&etilde;to">dell'e­<lb/>&longs;perimento</expan>.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg222"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Differenza <lb/>tra l'e&longs;peri­<lb/>mento, & <lb/>i merodi.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg223"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>I&longs;truméto <lb/>e&longs;perimen <lb/>tale come <lb/>&longs;i fabrichi, <lb/>& come &longs;i <lb/>metta <expan abbr="ī">im</expan> u&longs;o<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg224"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Come l'in <lb/>telletto &longs;i <lb/>&longs;erua del­<lb/>l'uniuer&longs;a­<lb/>le.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg225"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Prima &longs;en­<lb/>&longs;atione. <lb/>Seconda.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg226"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Di&longs;cor&longs;i di <lb/>quante &longs;or <lb/>ti.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg227"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Animali <lb/>bruti, co­<lb/>me di&longs;cor­<lb/>rano.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg228"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Di&longs;cor&longs;o <gap/><lb/>perfetto.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg229"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Diffinitio­<lb/>ne dell'ani <lb/>ma.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg230"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Specie del<gap/><lb/>l'anima.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg231"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Specie d'a­<lb/>nimali.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg232"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Gradidi ui <lb/>uenti.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg233"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Potenze &dtail;l <lb/>l'anima.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg234"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Potenze, & <lb/>attioni del <lb/>l'anima ue <lb/>getale.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg235"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Potenze &dtail;l <lb/>la &longs;en&longs;itiua<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg236"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Potenza e­<lb/>&longs;teriore.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg237"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Potenza in <lb/>teriore,<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg238"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>virtù ima­<lb/>ginatiua.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg239"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Attione &dtail;l <lb/>&longs;en&longs;o com <lb/>mune.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg240"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Attioni &dtail;l­<lb/>la Fanta&longs;ia.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg241"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Potenza e­<lb/>&longs;timatiua, <lb/>ouero co­<lb/>gitatiua.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg242"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Differenza <lb/>tra l'e&longs;tima <lb/>tiua, & co­<lb/>gitatiua.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg243"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/><expan abbr="Pot&etilde;za">Potenza</expan> me <lb/>moratiua.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg244"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Epilogatio <lb/>ne delle co <lb/>&longs;e &longs;udette.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg245"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/><expan abbr="I&longs;trum&etilde;to">I&longs;trumento</expan>, <lb/>che &longs;erue <lb/>al di&longs;cor&longs;o <lb/>della &longs;en&longs;i­<lb/>tiua.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg246"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>V&longs;o della <expan abbr="ī">im</expan> <lb/>duttione.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"/>IL FINE DELLA TERZA SETTIONE.<emph.end type="center"/></s> </p> <pb pagenum="196"/> <figure></figure> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"/><emph type="roman"/>DELLA SCALA <lb/>DELLE SCIENZE, <lb/>ET ARTI, <lb/>DIVISA IN QVATTRO SETTIONI,<emph.end type="roman"/><lb/>DALL'ECCELLENTE MEDICO <lb/><emph type="roman"/>& Filo&longs;ofo, Me&longs;&longs;er GREGORIO <lb/>MORELLI. <lb/>SETTION QVARTA.<emph.end type="roman"/><lb/>DEIP ASSI, CHE SI DEVONO <lb/><emph type="roman"/>FARE PER LA SCALA. <lb/>INTERLOCVTORI.<emph.end type="roman"/><emph.end type="center"/></s> </p> <figure></figure> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"/><emph type="roman"/>TOMITANO, MARCANDONE <lb/>ET IL MORELLO.<emph.end type="roman"/><emph.end type="center"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="roman"/>S<emph.end type="roman"/>T<emph type="roman"/>ARA PVRE A VE-<emph.end type="roman"/><lb/>dere da qual parte &longs;pontaua­<lb/>te, mi hauete fatto fare mil­<lb/>le pen&longs;ieri, con que&longs;ta uo&longs;tra <lb/>tardità, pen&longs;aua, ouero; che <lb/>ui contenta&longs;te di hauer la Scala &longs;olamente, & <lb/>che non ui cura&longs;te altrimenti di &longs;aper che paßi <pb pagenum="197"/>face&longs;&longs;ero le &longs;cienze per quella. Dall'altra par <lb/>te mi &longs;occorreua, che uoi e&longs;&longs;endo gioueni, & <lb/>d'ingegno, doue&longs;te non &longs;olo contentarui di ha­<lb/>uer la Scala, ma che doue&longs;te far stima anco <lb/>de i paßi; perche mi hauete accennato di uo­<lb/>ler far proua di incaminarli qualche honora­<lb/>ta materia; staua à pen&longs;ar che ui pote&longs;&longs;e ha­<lb/>uere intratenuti, & era per u&longs;cirmene, &longs;e <lb/>ade&longs;&longs;o ade&longs;&longs;o non giungeuate. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> La <lb/>cau&longs;a, che mi ha fatto tardare è stata, che <lb/>e&longs;&longs;endo io stato à ui&longs;itare l'Eccellente Nicolò <lb/>Corte, alquale io appartatamente debbo per <lb/>piu ri&longs;petti, &longs;i per la bontà, & uirtù &longs;ue, come <lb/>ancor per alcuni particolari oblighi, con alcu <lb/>ni &longs;uoi prudentißimi, & piaceuoli di&longs;cor&longs;i &longs;ia­<lb/>mo stati trattenuti da lui, che non ci &longs;iamo rac <lb/>cordati piu di quello, che &longs;i conueniua per ri­<lb/>&longs;petto uo&longs;tro. M<emph type="roman"/>AR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Me ne raccordaua be­<lb/>ne io, ma tra la dolcezza, ch'io &longs;entiua dal <lb/>parlar del Corte, & la benignità del Tomita­<lb/>uo, mi la&longs;ciaua tutt'ora tra&longs;portare. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/><lb/>Sta bene, non importaua &longs;e ben haue&longs;te tra­<lb/>sferito il ragionar de' paßi &longs;ino à dimane, pur <lb/>che fußi aui&longs;ato, che non haue&longs;te da uenire. <lb/>M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Da che &longs;iamo qua giunti, poniamoli <lb/>fine, in ogni modo haueremo tanto di tempo, <lb/>che ne ba&longs;terà. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Si for&longs;e à uoi, che <lb/>non hauete altro che fare, ma io che &longs;on a&longs;pei- <pb pagenum="198"/>tato, non &longs;o come potrò i&longs;pedirmene, & non <lb/>mancare à quelli, che m'a&longs;pettano. M<emph type="roman"/>AR.<emph.end type="roman"/><lb/>Diuideremo le prattiche, talche uerrete à &longs;odi­<lb/>sfare à tutti. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Non dice co&longs;i egli. <lb/>T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Anzi mi &longs;arà fauore, purche gli ama <lb/>lati &longs;i contentino. M<emph type="roman"/>AR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Burlaua; io &longs;o ben <lb/>che que&longs;to non &longs;i può fare, ma certo non ui <lb/>mancherà tempo, &longs;e ben haue&longs;te da fare le ui <lb/>&longs;ite dell'Eccellente Bellacati. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> A &longs;ua po <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg247"></arrow.to.target><lb/>sta, ui uoglio compiacere; &longs;edete. Li paßi, <lb/>che fanno, & colui, che in&longs;egna le &longs;cienze, <lb/>& le arti ancor &longs;ono quegli i&longs;trumenti, che <lb/>chiamano gli autori modi d'in&longs;egnare, con i <lb/>quali diuer&longs;amente &longs;ono in&longs;egnate, & dichia­<lb/>rate e&longs;&longs;e &longs;cienze ò arti. onde dalla diuer&longs;ita de <lb/>gli i&longs;trumenti, che adoperiamo da dare ad in­<lb/>tendere & in&longs;egnare ò de&longs;criuere, ne na&longs;ce la <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg248"></arrow.to.target><lb/>diuer&longs;ità de i modi, & per con&longs;equenza de i <lb/>paßi. tal diuer&longs;ità può na&longs;cere da i diuer&longs;i ri­<lb/>&longs;petti, che ha colui, che in&longs;egna in colui, che <lb/>è in&longs;egnato, ouero nella co&longs;a in&longs;egnata, ouero <lb/>nel tempo in che s'in&longs;egna, ouero da tutti in&longs;ic <lb/>me. M<emph type="roman"/>AR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Da que&longs;ti fonti dunque &longs;pecialmen <lb/>te ne na&longs;ce la diuer&longs;ità de i modi, & l'in&longs;egna <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg249"></arrow.to.target><lb/>re. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Me&longs;&longs;er&longs;i, per ri&longs;petto di colui, che <lb/>in&longs;egna ne ri&longs;ultara due modi, ouero che in&longs;e <lb/>gnarà con uiua uoce, che è in&longs;egnar attualmen <lb/>te, ouero che in&longs;egnarà col &longs;criuere. M<emph type="roman"/>AR.<emph.end type="roman"/> <pb pagenum="199"/>Et &longs;e aggiunge&longs;te il terzo modo, cioè che in&longs;e <lb/>gnerà non con uoce, non con &longs;crittura, ma con <lb/>atti, come fece Zenone? T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Non &longs;arà <lb/>male ad aggiungerlo, però per il piu colui, che <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg250"></arrow.to.target><lb/>in&longs;egna adopra que&longs;ti due modi locutione, & <lb/>&longs;crittura. Hor &longs;e il modo dell'in&longs;egnare riguar <lb/>derà colui, che è in&longs;egnato, uarierà parimen <lb/>te in due modi, ouero che &longs;arà facile, ouero <lb/>difficile, cioè che quel modo di colui, che in­<lb/>&longs;egna &longs;arà chiamato facile, & difficile in ri­<lb/>&longs;petto di colui, che è in&longs;egnato, &longs;econdo che fa <lb/>cilmente, ò difficilmente apprenderà la co&longs;a in <lb/>&longs;egnata, & dicea Platone &longs;e nel in&longs;egnar gli <lb/>giouani debiamo u&longs;ar il modo facile & il diffi <lb/>cile e le prouette. Ma &longs;e guardiamo il tempo <lb/>in che s'in&longs;egna, ne può riu&longs;cire un modo pro <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg251"></arrow.to.target><lb/>li&longs;&longs;o modo chiamato per di e&longs;&longs;odo da Galeno <lb/>& di&longs;&longs;e che hauea loco nel ordine compo&longs;itiuo <lb/>& un modo breue. Se riguardiamo anco la <lb/>co&longs;a &longs;enza hauer ri&longs;petto à colui, che in&longs;egna, <lb/>& l'in&longs;egnato, ouero il tempo, ne fa re&longs;ulta­<lb/>re modi diuer&longs;i di dire. come, &longs;e la co&longs;a in &longs;e <lb/>ste&longs;&longs;a &longs;arà graue, bi&longs;ognerà ancor dirla con <lb/>un modo graue; &longs;e &longs;arà mediocre, bi&longs;ognera <lb/>ancor che &longs;ia pale&longs;ata con un modo di dire me <lb/>diocre; &longs;e ancor &longs;arà ba&longs;&longs;a, bi&longs;ognerà accom­<lb/>pagnarla con un modo di dir ba&longs;&longs;o; &longs;e e&longs;&longs;a &longs;a­<lb/>rà recondita, bi&longs;ognerà di u&longs;are un modo di <pb pagenum="200"/>e&longs;primerla recondito. Et que&longs;to è quello, che <lb/>Ari&longs;totele &longs;criuendo ad Ale&longs;&longs;andro, che con <lb/>una &longs;ua lettera &longs;i era lamentato, che l'hauc­<lb/>ua ripre&longs;o, perche diuulgato haue&longs;&longs;e i libri <lb/>della Fi&longs;ica, uol&longs;e dire, quando gli ri&longs;po&longs;e, <lb/>che haueua u&longs;ato tal modo di dire, qual me­<lb/>ritaua e&longs;&longs;a &longs;cienza, & che non &longs;arebbe inte&longs;o, <lb/>&longs;e non da quelli, che erano &longs;imili à loro d'in­<lb/>telletto. M<emph type="roman"/>AR.<emph.end type="roman"/> que&longs;te differenze di modi di <lb/>dire, che fate, che na&longs;cano dalla co&longs;a, pare <lb/>à me, che non &longs;ieno della co&longs;a, ma che na&longs;ca­<lb/>no da colui, che a&longs;colta, alquale perche tali <lb/>modi &longs;e gli intende difficili, graue, humile, <lb/>mediocre, tali uengono giudicati. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Con <lb/>licenza ri&longs;ponderò io à que&longs;to. Ditemi Mar­<lb/>candone, mi negarete, che gli i&longs;trumenti non <lb/>&longs;ieno come noi habbiamo di&longs;po&longs;ti, cioè relati­<lb/>ui, & che perciò non dicano habitudine? <lb/>M<emph type="roman"/>AR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Non che non lo dirò, & che per que­<lb/>sto? M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Che per que&longs;to, &longs;e i modi &longs;ono <lb/>i&longs;trumenti, & perciò habbino habitudine, &longs;e­<lb/>guirà che habbino habitudine alle co&longs;e di che <lb/>&longs;ono i&longs;trumenti, & che le loro differenze depen <lb/>dano da dette co&longs;e, &longs;i come hauemo detto di <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg252"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;opra, ancor de gli altri i&longs;trumenti. M<emph type="roman"/>AR.<emph.end type="roman"/><lb/>Adunque bi&longs;ognerà dire, che tutte le altre <lb/>differenze na&longs;cano dalla co&longs;a, & non da co­<lb/>lui, che in&longs;egna, & da colui, che è in&longs;egna- <pb pagenum="201"/>to, ouer dal tempo, come di &longs;opra ha detto il <lb/>Tomitano. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> State ad udire la &longs;olutio­<lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg253"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ne di que&longs;ta uo&longs;tra difficoltà. Senza dubio pri <lb/>mieramente ogni &longs;orte d'i&longs;trumento di cui noi <lb/>parliamo, na&longs;ce dalla co&longs;a di che è i&longs;trumen­<lb/>to, per laquale e&longs;&longs;o è stato fatto; perche co­<lb/>me diceuano in&longs;in da principio gli i&longs;trumenti <lb/>&longs;ono stati trouati per i bi&longs;ogni delle co&longs;e. <lb/>Adunque &longs;e co&longs;i è fia nece&longs;&longs;ario, che l'i&longs;tru­<lb/>mento pigli la &longs;ua forma dal bi&longs;ogno della co­<lb/>&longs;a, & non da altro, altrimenti non &longs;i potreb­<lb/>be mai riparare à tal bi&longs;ogno; & percio è <lb/>chiaro, che primieramente il modo depende <lb/>dalla co&longs;a di che è modo. Ma direte, perche <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg254"></arrow.to.target><lb/>dunque hauete detto di &longs;opra, che &longs;ono molte <lb/>differenze per ri&longs;petto di colui, che in&longs;egna, <lb/>dell'in&longs;egnato, della co&longs;a in&longs;egnata, & del tem <lb/>po in che s'in&longs;egna? io lo dißi con ragione, per <lb/>che hauendo già detto tante uolte, che l'i&longs;tru <lb/>mento depende dalla co&longs;a i&longs;trutta, non mi par <lb/>ue nece&longs;&longs;ario di replicarlo, però fui contento <lb/>di accennarui i luochi immediati da che depen <lb/>dono, i quali in quanto che &longs;ono cagione de i <lb/>modi dell'in&longs;egnare, dependono eßi ancora dal <lb/>la co&longs;a, che uiene in&longs;egnata; come il Filo&longs;ofo, <lb/>non è egli Filo&longs;ofo per ri&longs;petto della Filo&longs;ofia, <lb/>dal quale ne na&longs;ce poi que&longs;ti due modi, cioè <lb/>locutione, & &longs;crittura? M<emph type="roman"/>AR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Io re&longs;to &longs;odi- <pb pagenum="202"/>sfatto. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Ancor io. ma accio que&longs;te diffe­<lb/>renze de i modi dell'in&longs;egnare &longs;ieno chiaramen <lb/>te uedute, ditemi la locutione come &longs;i può dif­<lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg255"></arrow.to.target><lb/>finire, & che &longs;pecie ella ha? T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> La Locu­<lb/>tione non è altro, che un modo d'in&longs;egnare ò <lb/>prononciare attualmente con la uoce quelle co <lb/>&longs;e, che hauemo ritrouate, & &longs;otto un certo <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg256"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ordine ridutte, & que&longs;ta locutione può e&longs;&longs;ere <lb/>fo&longs;ca, lene, a&longs;pra, &longs;ottile, piena, ilare, me <lb/>sta, flebile, ridiculo&longs;a, depre&longs;&longs;a, acuta, alta, <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg257"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ba&longs;&longs;a, tarda, pre&longs;ta, & in altri modi. M<emph type="roman"/>AR.<emph.end type="roman"/> La <lb/>&longs;crittura non &longs;ara ella un modo mede&longs;imamen <lb/>te d'in&longs;egnare le co&longs;e ritrouate, & ordinate per <lb/>gli i&longs;trumenti già detti? T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Sarà, ma non &longs;a <lb/>rà modo d'in&longs;egnare attualmente con la uoce. <lb/>M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> In que&longs;to dunque &longs;ono differenti nella <lb/>&longs;crittura ha modi che particolari di lei &longs;iano. <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg258"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;e non uoleßimo dire, che la diuer&longs;ità dello <lb/>&longs;criuere, del ziferare, & del uariare de ca­<lb/>ratteri fu&longs;&longs;ero diuer&longs;i modi. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Si può dire <lb/>dauantaggio. &longs;otto que&longs;ti due modi d'in&longs;egnare <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg259"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;i contengono indifferentemente diuer&longs;e uoci. <lb/>Saranno ornate, ouero rozze, ouero eleganti, <lb/>ouero in pro&longs;a, ouero in uer&longs;i. M<emph type="roman"/>AR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Eleganti <lb/>&longs;ono quando &longs;eruano le pure parole della figu <lb/>ra, cioè u&longs;itate, & proprie. Rozze &longs;ono quan­<lb/>do pienc di barbari&longs;mi, e &longs;oleci&longs;mi, mancano <lb/>d'ogni &longs;orte d'e&longs;&longs;ornatione. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> E&longs;&longs;ornate <pb pagenum="203"/>credo io che &longs;ieno quando che oltra che &longs;eruo­<lb/>no la uera latinità, hanno di piu una certa <lb/>attillatura, & politezza, che chiamano i Re <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg260"></arrow.to.target><lb/>torici, colori. & que&longs;ti tai colori &longs;ono molti, <lb/>come repetitione, conuer&longs;ione, compleßione, <lb/>traduttione, contentione, e&longs;clamatione, inter­<lb/>rogatione, ratiocinatione, &longs;entenze, contrario, <lb/>membro, articolo graue, continuatione medio­<lb/>cre, comparatione, che ca&longs;ca nel mede&longs;imo, <lb/>l'augumentatione humile, la &longs;ubiettione, la gra <lb/>datione, la diffinitione, tran&longs;itione, correttio <lb/>ne, occupatione, di&longs;iuntione, coniuntione, adiun <lb/>tione, conduplicatione, interpretatione, com <lb/>mutatione, permißione, dubitatione, e&longs;peditio­<lb/>ne, di&longs;&longs;olutione, preci&longs;ione, conclu&longs;ione, nomi <lb/>natione graue, prenominatione, denominatio <lb/>ne, circuitione, tra&longs;greßione, &longs;uperlatione, irre <lb/>latione, abu&longs;i one, tra&longs;latione, permutatione. <lb/>& que&longs;te &longs;ono le e&longs;&longs;ortationi delle parole, che <lb/>fanno i modi diuer&longs;i Sono altre e&longs;&longs;ornationi di <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg261"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;entenze. M<emph type="roman"/>AR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Come la di&longs;tributione, i&longs;po&longs;i­<lb/>tione, & tutte le altre, che pongono i Reto­<lb/>ri. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Et per non star tutto hoggi occupa­<lb/>to in que&longs;ti detti, che po&longs;&longs;ono uariare i modi <lb/>dell'in&longs;egnare per ri&longs;petto della locutione & <lb/>&longs;crittura, tanto uariano gli accidenti de i Gram <lb/>matici: et Retorici, iquali <expan abbr="quãti">quanti</expan> &longs;iano, cia&longs;cun <lb/>di uoi ne è auanti che hora benißimo i&longs;trutto. <pb pagenum="204"/>Diceuano, che colui, che in&longs;egna può in&longs;egna <lb/>re in uoce, & in &longs;crittura, che può ancora in <lb/>&longs;egnare con atti, &longs;i come fece Zenone. Que­<lb/>sto modo è raro, però uengo à gli altri, i qua­<lb/>li &longs;ono come di &longs;opra è stato detto, per ri&longs;pet­<lb/>to della implicatione di colui, che in&longs;egna, con <lb/>colui, che è in&longs;egnato. & per ri&longs;petto ancora <lb/>della co&longs;a in&longs;egnata, & del tempo in che s'in­<lb/>&longs;egna. Ma perche non uariano altrimenti di <lb/>quelli, che habbiamo detto, io, &longs;e co&longs;i pare <lb/>à uoi, me ne pa&longs;&longs;erò al modo, che tengono nel <lb/>complicar&longs;i. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> A che propo&longs;ito il repli­<lb/>care quello, che è stato detto? M<emph type="roman"/>AR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Inuero <lb/>la breuità del tempo non lo comporta. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/><lb/>Se per cau&longs;a alcuna mi doueßi indurre a repli <lb/>care, douerebbe e&longs;&longs;ere, che non fu&longs;&longs;ero stati <lb/>inte&longs;i, ma ueggo che uoi inanzi ne erauate ca <lb/>pacißimi. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Ba&longs;ta che hora ne &longs;iamo capa <lb/>ci, mercè della facilità, che hauete nello i&longs;pri <lb/>mere le co&longs;e, che difficili &longs;ono talmente, che <lb/>le fate facili. M<emph type="roman"/>AR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Che uolete che egli &longs;ap­<lb/>pia fare la Scala della facilità, & che non &longs;ap <lb/>pia poi caminare per e&longs;&longs;a? M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Anzi dico <lb/>per que&longs;to, che è talmente facile, che le co&longs;e <lb/>difficili rende facili; ne però di&longs;cende ad una <lb/>ba&longs;&longs;ezza del dire, che meriti bia&longs;imo. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/><lb/>La&longs;ciatemi almeno finire i paßi di gratia, <lb/>inanzi che uogliate publicarmi per perfetto <pb pagenum="205"/>nella Scala delle Scienze, & arti; perche &longs;a­<lb/>pete ben che il fine è quello, che dà la &longs;enten <lb/>za. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Si può dire che habbiate finito; <lb/>pur &longs;eguite à quello, che ui re&longs;ta. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Mire <lb/>sta dunque della complicatione del modo, co­<lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg262"></arrow.to.target><lb/>me, ho già detto. Prima &longs;i può congiungere <lb/>in&longs;ieme il difficile col compendio&longs;o, come fece <lb/>Galeno nella co&longs;titutione dell'arte medica, & <lb/>nell'arte parua; &longs;i può congiungere il facile col <lb/>breue, come ha fatto il mede&longs;imo nel libro de' <lb/>pol&longs;i; potremo congiungere il modo graue, il­<lb/>quale &longs;uppone colui, che in&longs;egna graue, & l'au <lb/>ditore parimente erudito, col modo breue, & <lb/>difficile, ne ri&longs;ultarà un modo, che chiamò Hip <lb/>pocrate aphori&longs;tico, ilquale è qua&longs;i &longs;imile al <lb/>modo enigmatico, però &longs;ono differenti, perche <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg263"></arrow.to.target><lb/>l'afori&longs;tico è un parlar breue, che contiene in <lb/>&longs;e amplißimi concetti; & non però è tanto dif­<lb/>ficile, che non po&longs;&longs;a e&longs;&longs;ere inte&longs;o, & che quel <lb/>lo, che pare dimo&longs;trare non lo dimo&longs;tri, co&longs;a, <lb/>che non fa l'enigma; ilquale oltra che è bre­<lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg264"></arrow.to.target><lb/>uißimo, & difficilißimo, pare che dimo&longs;tri uno, <lb/>& dimo&longs;tra l'altro; come è quello, che dice, <lb/>Non ferirai con la &longs;pada il fuoco; che uuol di­<lb/>re, Non irritarai l'huomo colero&longs;o & un'altro <lb/>modo, che pure è breue, & o&longs;curo, ilquale è <lb/>differente da i già detti, che è apoftegmatico, <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg265"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ilquale contiene in &longs;e una certa mordacità ma&longs;- <pb pagenum="206"/>&longs;ime intorno al dar ri&longs;po&longs;te. & il modo prouer <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg266"></arrow.to.target><lb/>biale, ilquale è differente da l'apoftegmatico, <lb/>perche e&longs;&longs;o contien il parer di piu; & l'apofteg <lb/>matico, il parer d'un &longs;olo. Sono i precetti, le <lb/>leggi, i theoremi, le &longs;entenze, i quali modi &longs;o­<lb/>no poco differenti dal modo afori&longs;tico, i quali <lb/>tutti contengono in &longs;e i principij dell'arte, ma <lb/>giouano al ritrouare i principij di quelle: per­<lb/>che i principij, ouer afori&longs;mi, non uengono dal <lb/>li luochi euidenti, ma da quelli, che na&longs;cono <lb/>dalli euidenti, ouero all'intelletto, ouero al &longs;en <lb/>&longs;o, come il troppo cibo, la troppa quiete, & <lb/>ogni co&longs;a, che &longs;ia troppo, &longs;empre nuoce. Vi &longs;o <lb/>no altri modi, iquali non starò à raccontare. <lb/>A me ba&longs;ta hauerui dimo&longs;trata la uia da far <lb/>tanti modi, quanti uoi de&longs;iderate. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/> In <lb/>&longs;omma i modi del dire ò in&longs;egnare &longs;aranno oue <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg267"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ro &longs;emplici, ouero complicati. I &longs;emplici, à mio <lb/>giuditio, non &longs;i potranno trouare appre&longs;&longs;o au­<lb/>tor ueruno. Si può ben con&longs;iderar cia&longs;cuno ap­<lb/>partatamente, perche uno &longs;e deue in&longs;egnare, <lb/>bi&longs;ogna che in&longs;egni ò con uoce, ò con &longs;crittura; <lb/>& &longs;ia lungo, ò breue, ò facile, ò difficile, ò orna <lb/>tamente, ò rozzamente, ouero con stil graue, <lb/>ouero mediocre, ouero humile. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Dite il ue <lb/>ro, ma però &longs;i trouer à de gli &longs;critti, che haue­<lb/>ran menco modi d'un'altro. M<emph type="roman"/>AR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Que&longs;to non <lb/>&longs;o io, perche à me pare, che ogni modo habbia <pb pagenum="307"/>il &longs;uo contrario, à talche &longs;e non ui &longs;arà un con <lb/>trario, &longs;arà nece&longs;&longs;ario che ui &longs;ia l'altro, ouero <lb/>il mezo loro. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Que&longs;to &longs;arebbe uerißimo <lb/>quando tutti i modi haue&longs;&longs;ero contrari &longs;enza <lb/>mezo, et che in un componimento non &longs;i uaria&longs; <lb/>&longs;ero i modi &longs;econdo i propo&longs;iti. M<emph type="roman"/>AR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Credo io <lb/>che li habbino, perche ueggo io che il difficile, <lb/>ha il facile, il graue, & l'humile. È ben uero, &longs;e <lb/>pigliate tutto un trattato in&longs;ieme, che può e&longs;&longs;er, <lb/>che in quel trattato &longs;aranno piu modi, ouero in <lb/>quanto alla e&longs;&longs;ornatione delle dittioni, ouero <lb/>clau&longs;ule, che non &longs;aranno in un'altro. T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/><lb/>Che credeuate, che uole&longs;&longs;e dire d'una clau&longs;ula <lb/>&longs;ola non &longs;i può in&longs;egnare un concetto. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/><lb/>Hauete ragione. Hora habbiamo col nome del <lb/>Signore finita la Scala. Prima drizzaßimo gli <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg268"></arrow.to.target><lb/>stanti, quali chiamano ordine, & &longs;ono ri&longs;o­<lb/>lutione, compo&longs;itione, diffinitione; applicati i <lb/>gradi, che &longs;ono de gli antichi, i metodi, cioè <lb/>dimo&longs;tratione, ri&longs;olutione, diui&longs;ione, & diffi­<lb/>nitione. Mi mancaua per fornire la Scala, d'ap <lb/>poggiarli il Tappo, il che faceßimo hieri: ilqua <lb/>le è l'i&longs;trumento e&longs;perimentale, che &longs;ono l'e&longs;­<lb/>&longs;empio, & l'induttione. Hoggi mò hauemo im <lb/>parato à fare gli paßi per e&longs;&longs;a Scala, cioè im <lb/>parati i modi dell'in&longs;egnare. Però altro non <lb/>mi re&longs;ta, che imitando il no&longs;tro Tomitano, in­<lb/>commciamo ad indrizzarui qualche degno <pb pagenum="208"/>&longs;uggetto. M<emph type="roman"/>AR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Io per me &longs;on per &longs;eguir tal <lb/>Scala &longs;e mai hauerò occa&longs;ione di &longs;criuere. <lb/>T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Non trouarete ne anche la migliore; <lb/>anzi ui uoglio dire, che non ne trouarete al­<lb/>tra; &longs;e però non uole&longs;te fare, come fanno <lb/>quelli, che, per troppo bere hanno &longs;marrita la <lb/>strada, & uanno al trauer&longs;o. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/><lb/>Marcandone di que&longs;ta &longs;i bella fatica, qual <lb/>gratie dobbiamo rendere al Tomitano? <lb/>M<emph type="roman"/>AR.<emph.end type="roman"/> Io non mi ritrouo ba&longs;tante di ringra­<lb/>tiarlo, perche tanto è l obligo, che con paro­<lb/>le non mi &longs;ento potermene &longs;caricare. M<emph type="roman"/>OR.<emph.end type="roman"/><lb/>Hor&longs;u dunque Tomitano, il ringratiarui &longs;arà <lb/>&longs;olo il mo&longs;trarui quanto de&longs;ideriamo di poter­<lb/>ui rendere con qualche effetto il guiderdone, <lb/>poi che in parole non lo potiamo fare. <lb/>T<emph type="roman"/>OM.<emph.end type="roman"/> Figliuoli, &longs;apete quanto <lb/>ui amo, & perciò in ricom­<lb/>pen&longs;a ui prego amar­<lb/>mi, nè uer&longs;o di <lb/>me haue­<lb/>te al <lb/>tro obligo. </s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg247"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Pa&longs;si della <lb/>Scala, qua <lb/>li &longs;ieno, & <lb/>à che &longs;erui <lb/>no.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg248"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Diui&longs;ione| <lb/>de' modi <lb/><expan abbr="dell'ĩ&longs;egna">dell'in&longs;egna</expan> <lb/>re, & loro <lb/>origene.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg249"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Quai mo­<lb/>di na&longs;cano <lb/>da colui, <lb/><expan abbr="ch'ĩ&longs;egna">ch'in&longs;egna</expan>.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg250"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Modi, che <lb/>na&longs;cano da <lb/>l'i&longs;egnato.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg251"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Modi, che <lb/>na&longs;canodal <lb/>tempo, & <lb/>dalla co&longs;a.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg252"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Dubitatio <lb/>ne intorno <lb/>il na&longs;cere <lb/>de gli i&longs;tru <lb/>menti.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg253"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Solutione.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg254"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Modo <expan abbr="õde">onde</expan> <lb/>primiera­<lb/>mente di­<lb/>penda.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg255"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Locutio­<lb/>ne, che co­<lb/>&longs;a &longs;ia.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg256"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/><expan abbr="M&etilde;bri">Membri</expan> &dtail;lla <lb/>locutione.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg257"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Scrittura, <lb/>che co&longs;a &longs;ia<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg258"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/><expan abbr="M&etilde;bri">Membri</expan> &dtail;lla <lb/>&longs;crittura.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg259"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Modicom <lb/>muni alla <lb/>&longs;crittura, & <lb/>locutione.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg260"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Colori re­<lb/>torici.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg261"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>E&longs;&longs;ornatio <lb/>ni di <expan abbr="&longs;entõ">&longs;entom</expan> <lb/>ze.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg262"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Modi del­<lb/>la <expan abbr="cõplica">complica</expan> <lb/>tione.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg263"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Modo A&longs;o <lb/>ri&longs;tico<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg264"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Modo <expan abbr="ēig">enig</expan> <lb/>matico.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg265"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Modoapof <lb/>tegmatico<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg266"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Modo pro <lb/>uerbiale.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg267"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Se i modi <lb/>&longs;emplici &longs;i <lb/>po&longs;&longs;an'u&longs;a <lb/>re &longs;eparata <lb/>mente.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg268"></margin.target><emph type="roman"/>Epilogatio <lb/>ne di tutto <lb/>quel, che <lb/>s'è detto.<emph.end type="roman"/></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"/>IL FINE DELLA QVARTA <lb/><emph type="roman"/>ET VLTIMA SETTIONE.<emph.end type="roman"/><emph.end type="center"/><lb/> <arrow.to.target n="fig3"></arrow.to.target></s> </p> <figure id="fig3"></figure> </chap> </body> <back></back> </text> </archimedes>