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(download) - view tree Revision 1.5, Fri Jun 28 13:03:29 2002 UTC (10 years, 10 months ago) by bcfuchs Branch: MAIN Changes since 1.4: +43043 -30237 lines these files now have the standard sentence breaks |
<?xml version="1.0"?> <!DOCTYPE archimedes [ <!-- footnotes and margnotes get yanked out of their <p>s, repl. by <arrow>, --> <!-- and moved to own p. --> <!ELEMENT foot.target (#PCDATA) > <!-- e.g. number in front of a footnote --> <!ATTLIST foot.target id ID #REQUIRED n CDATA #IMPLIED > <!ELEMENT margin.target (#PCDATA) > <!ATTLIST margin.target id ID #REQUIRED n CDATA #IMPLIED > <!ELEMENT table.target (#PCDATA) > <!ATTLIST table.target id ID #REQUIRED n CDATA #IMPLIED > <!ELEMENT arrow.to.target (#PCDATA)* > <!ATTLIST arrow.to.target symbol CDATA #IMPLIED id ID #IMPLIED n CDATA #IMPLIED xlink:type (simple) #FIXED "simple" xlink:href CDATA #IMPLIED> <!-- reference to removed figure/note. contains mark in text. --> <!-- n attribute contains id of referent target --> <!-- Can marginalia ever have referring marks in text? --> <!ELEMENT archimedes (info, text) > <!ATTLIST archimedes id ID #IMPLIED xmlns:xlink CDATA #FIXED "http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" n CDATA #IMPLIED > <!ELEMENT author (#PCDATA) > <!ATTLIST author id ID #IMPLIED n CDATA #IMPLIED > <!ELEMENT back ( section | pb?)+ > <!ATTLIST back id ID #IMPLIED n CDATA #IMPLIED type CDATA #IMPLIED> <!ELEMENT body (chap, pb?)+ > <!ATTLIST body id ID #IMPLIED n CDATA #IMPLIED > <!ELEMENT chap ( p | pb | figure | table)+ > <!ATTLIST chap id ID #IMPLIED n CDATA #IMPLIED type CDATA #IMPLIED> <!ELEMENT chunk (#PCDATA) > <!ATTLIST chunk id ID #IMPLIED n CDATA #IMPLIED unit CDATA #IMPLIED > <!ELEMENT date (#PCDATA) > <!ATTLIST date id ID #IMPLIED n CDATA #IMPLIED > <!ELEMENT editor (#PCDATA) > <!ATTLIST editor id ID #IMPLIED n CDATA #IMPLIED > <!ELEMENT emph EMPTY> <!ATTLIST emph type (italics|bold|sup|sub|over|smallcaps|center|roman|ul|quote|other) "italics" id ID #IMPLIED n CDATA #IMPLIED> <!ELEMENT emph.end EMPTY> <!-- the type attrib. here shld be entitized --> <!ATTLIST emph.end type (italics|bold|sup|sub|over|smallcaps|center|roman|ul|quote|other) "italics" id ID #IMPLIED n CDATA #IMPLIED> <!ELEMENT expan (#PCDATA | foot.target|margin.target|arrow.to.target|pb|lb|emph|emph.end|gap)* > <!ATTLIST expan id ID #IMPLIED n CDATA #IMPLIED abbr CDATA #IMPLIED type CDATA #IMPLIED > <!ELEMENT figure (#PCDATA) > <!ATTLIST figure id ID #IMPLIED place (margin|text) "text" xlink:type (simple) #FIXED "simple" xlink:href CDATA #IMPLIED> <!ELEMENT foreign (#PCDATA | expan | foot.target|margin.target|arrow.to.target|pb|lb|emph|emph.end|gap)* > <!ATTLIST foreign id ID #IMPLIED n CDATA #IMPLIED lang CDATA #IMPLIED> <!-- <foreign> for text within sentences not in the main lang of the text --> <!-- or for text within non-default-lang higher elements --> <!ELEMENT front ( section | pb?)+ > <!ATTLIST front id ID #IMPLIED n CDATA #IMPLIED type CDATA #IMPLIED> <!ELEMENT gap EMPTY > <!ATTLIST gap id ID #IMPLIED n CDATA #IMPLIED desc CDATA #IMPLIED> <!-- gap is a catch-all tag employed at Perseus and in the TEI to isolate --> <!-- uncertain DE markup. It appears here for continuity's sake. --> <!ELEMENT info (author, title, date, place, editor, publisher, translator, lang, chunk,locator) > <!-- how many of these should be required? --> <!-- what about bringing in line with dublin core? --> <!ATTLIST info id ID #IMPLIED n CDATA #IMPLIED > <!ELEMENT lang (#PCDATA) > <!ATTLIST lang id ID #IMPLIED n CDATA #IMPLIED > <!ELEMENT lb EMPTY > <!ATTLIST lb ed CDATA #IMPLIED id ID #IMPLIED n CDATA #IMPLIED> <!-- <lb> occurs at <s> level and at <p> level --> <!-- <lb> at end of <s> must be placed after </s> --> <!-- unrecognized symbols will appear inline acc. to special conventions. --> <!-- (as in DE specs) --> <!-- emph and and emph.end are elements that are quer to the xml structure --> <!ELEMENT locator (#PCDATA) > <!ATTLIST locator id ID #IMPLIED n CDATA #IMPLIED > <!ELEMENT p (s | pb|lb|emph|emph.end|gap )+ > <!ATTLIST p id ID #IMPLIED n CDATA #IMPLIED type (main|marked|foot|margin|list|head|caption) "main" > <!-- captions go in paragr's immediately after figure, with arrow.to.target --> <!-- pb can occur within p but NOT at the start or end --> <!ELEMENT pb EMPTY > <!ATTLIST pb ed CDATA #IMPLIED id ID #IMPLIED n CDATA #IMPLIED xlink:type (simple) #FIXED "simple" xlink:href CDATA #IMPLIED pagenum CDATA #IMPLIED> <!-- the "ed" attribute gives the edition in which the page break occurs. If no --> <!-- edition is given, it is assumed to be that given in info --> <!-- pagenum gives the page number actually printed on the page. --> <!-- n gives the page number numbered consecutively from page 1 of text. --> <!-- pb can occur inside <s> etc. and inside <p> and inside <chap> --> <!-- <pb> at end of <p> must be placed after </p> --> <!ELEMENT place (#PCDATA) > <!ATTLIST place id ID #IMPLIED n CDATA #IMPLIED > <!ELEMENT publisher (#PCDATA)* > <!ATTLIST publisher id ID #IMPLIED n CDATA #IMPLIED > <!ELEMENT s (#PCDATA| figure |foreign | expan | foot.target|margin.target|arrow.to.target|pb|lb|emph|emph.end|gap)* > <!ATTLIST s id ID #IMPLIED n CDATA #IMPLIED > <!ELEMENT section ( p | pb | figure)+ > <!ATTLIST section id ID #IMPLIED n CDATA #IMPLIED type CDATA #IMPLIED> <!ELEMENT table ( table.target?, (row, pb?)+ ) > <!-- order is now: <table><table.target/><row>...</row><pb> i.e. <table> is equiv. to <p type=margin> --> <!ATTLIST table id ID #IMPLIED n CDATA #IMPLIED > <!ELEMENT row ( cell+ ) > <!ATTLIST row id ID #IMPLIED n CDATA #IMPLIED > <!ELEMENT cell (#PCDATA| foreign | expan | foot.target|margin.target|arrow.to.target|pb|lb|emph|emph.end|gap)* > <!ATTLIST cell id ID #IMPLIED n CDATA #IMPLIED > <!ELEMENT text (pb?, front, pb?, body, pb?, back) > <!-- if front and back are going to be optional, then pb can be allowed to --> <!-- occur only within front body back. --> <!ATTLIST text type CDATA #IMPLIED id ID #IMPLIED n CDATA #IMPLIED> <!ELEMENT title (#PCDATA) > <!ATTLIST title id ID #IMPLIED n CDATA #IMPLIED type CDATA #IMPLIED > <!ELEMENT translator (#PCDATA)* > <!ATTLIST translator id ID #IMPLIED n CDATA #IMPLIED > <!ENTITY shy "[-]"> <!ENTITY AElig "[AElig]"> <!ENTITY aacute "[aacute]"> <!ENTITY acirc "[acirc]"> <!ENTITY aelig "[aelig]"> <!ENTITY agrave "[agrave]"> <!ENTITY amp "[amp]"> <!ENTITY atilde "[atilde]"> <!ENTITY ccedil "[ccedil]"> <!ENTITY cuml "[cuml]"> <!ENTITY eUML "[eUML]"> <!ENTITY eacute "[eacute]"> <!ENTITY ecedil "[ecedil]"> <!ENTITY ecirc "[ecirc]"> <!ENTITY egrave "[egrave]"> <!ENTITY etilde "[etilde]"> <!ENTITY euml "[euml]"> <!ENTITY iacute "[iacute]"> <!ENTITY icirc "[icirc]"> <!ENTITY igrave "[igrave]"> <!ENTITY iuml "[iuml]"> <!ENTITY longs "[longs]"> <!ENTITY lsquo "[lsquo]"> <!ENTITY mdash "[mdash]"> <!ENTITY nacute "[nacute]"> <!ENTITY oacute "[oacute]"> <!ENTITY ocirc "[ocirc]"> <!ENTITY oelig "[oelig]"> <!ENTITY ograve "[ograve]"> <!ENTITY otilde "[otilde]"> <!ENTITY shy "[shy]"> <!ENTITY uacute "[uacute]"> <!ENTITY ucirc "[ucirc]"> <!ENTITY ugrave "[ugrave]"> <!ENTITY utilde "[utilde]"> <!ENTITY AElig "[AElig]"> <!ENTITY aacute "[aacute]"> <!ENTITY acirc "[acirc]"> <!ENTITY aelig "[aelig]"> <!ENTITY agrave "[agrave]"> <!ENTITY amp "[amp]"> <!ENTITY atilde "[atilde]"> <!ENTITY ccedil "[ccedil]"> <!ENTITY cuml "[cuml]"> <!ENTITY eUML "[eUML]"> <!ENTITY eacute "[eacute]"> <!ENTITY ecedil "[ecedil]"> <!ENTITY ecirc "[ecirc]"> <!ENTITY egrave "[egrave]"> <!ENTITY etilde "[etilde]"> <!ENTITY euml "[euml]"> <!ENTITY iacute "[iacute]"> <!ENTITY icirc "[icirc]"> <!ENTITY igrave "[igrave]"> <!ENTITY iuml "[iuml]"> <!ENTITY longs "[longs]"> <!ENTITY lsquo "[lsquo]"> <!ENTITY mdash "[mdash]"> <!ENTITY nacute "[nacute]"> <!ENTITY oacute "[oacute]"> <!ENTITY ocirc "[ocirc]"> <!ENTITY oelig "[oelig]"> <!ENTITY ograve "[ograve]"> <!ENTITY otilde "[otilde]"> <!ENTITY shy "[shy]"> <!ENTITY uacute "[uacute]"> <!ENTITY ucirc "[ucirc]"> <!ENTITY ugrave "[ugrave]"> <!ENTITY utilde "[utilde]"> ]><archimedes> <info> <author>Cardano, Girolamo</author> <title>De subtilitate</title> <date>1662</date> <place>Lyons</place> <editor></editor> <publisher></publisher> <translator></translator> <lang>la</lang> <chunk unit="page*">page</chunk><locator>0000000016</locator> </info> <text> <front> </front> <body> <chap> <pb pagenum="357"/><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"/>DE SVBTILITATE.<emph.end type="center"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"/>LIBER PRIMVS.<emph.end type="center"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"/>DE PRINCIPIIS, MATERIA, FORMA, VACVO,<emph.end type="center"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"/>corporum repugnantia, motu Naturali, & Loco.<emph.end type="center"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s>PROPOSITVM no&longs;tri ne­</s></p><p type="main"> <s><arrow.to.target n="marg1"></arrow.to.target><lb/>gotij in hoc Opere e&longs;t, de <lb/>Subtilitate tractare. </s> <s>E&longs;t au­<lb/>tem &longs;ubtilitas ratio quædam, <lb/>qua &longs;en&longs;ibilia à &longs;en&longs;ibus, in­<lb/>telligibilia ab intellectu, dif­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg2"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ficilè compræhenduntur. </s> <s>Ergo &longs;i &longs;ingula, qu&ecedil; <lb/>&longs;ubtilitate con&longs;tant, magnum etiam per &longs;e <lb/>exhibent negotium, &longs;untque difficillima, <lb/>quid rogo de ea tractatione dicendum erit, <lb/>in qua omnis &longs;ubtilitatis ratio explicanda <lb/>e&longs;t? </s> <s>Idque &longs;olùm apertum & facilè videri <lb/>pote&longs;t, quod in vnaquaque di&longs;ciplina e&longs;t <lb/>ob&longs;curi&longs;&longs;imum. </s> <s>Maiu&longs;que nobis negotium <lb/>&longs;upere&longs;t in ip&longs;ius rei tractatione, quàm in <lb/>ip&longs;a re. </s> <s>Cum enim &longs;cribentes in quatuor <lb/>laborent generibus, rerum ob&longs;curitate, in­<lb/>certorum dubitatione, cau&longs;arum inuentio­<lb/>ne, rectaque earum explicatione, omnia <lb/>hæc hoc in libro cumulatiùs habentur. </s> <s>Si <lb/>ob&longs;curitas difficultatem parit, hic liber &longs;o­<lb/>lùm ob&longs;curi&longs;&longs;ima &longs;eligit. </s> <s>Si certò &longs;cire &longs;em­<lb/>per laborio&longs;um fuit: quid hoc argumento <lb/>laborio&longs;ius? </s> <s>vbi habeam quos fugiam, vt <lb/>Plinium & Albertum, quibus nulla in hoc <lb/>genere, quòd palàm mentiantur, fides ha­<lb/>betur, quos &longs;equar non habeam. </s> <s>Et tamen <lb/>&longs;i non omnia mihi ad vnguem fuerint ex­<lb/>plorata, operam ( vt dici &longs;olet ) & oleum <lb/>perdam. </s> <s>Quid de cau&longs;is dicam? </s> <s>quos omni­<lb/>bus intactas, velut tamen ex Oraculo quo­<lb/>dam acceptas, depromere oportet. </s> <s>At Ora­<lb/>culis fides ab&longs;que demon&longs;tratione habeba­<lb/>tur: nobis, &longs;i eam non addiderimus, nulla <lb/>dabitur. </s> <s>Intentata pror&longs;us tot &longs;eculis vel res <lb/>ip&longs;as &longs;cientibus Philo&longs;ophis, quæ nunc à <lb/>me vno &longs;unt explicanda. </s> <s>Quædam etiam <lb/>cùm de&longs;ierint, aut nuper &longs;int inuenta, nomi­<lb/>nibus aut carent, aut nomina rebus ip&longs;is. <lb/>Porrò nomina inuenire nouis rebus, & &longs;e­<lb/>ne&longs;cente lingua difficillimum e&longs;t. </s> <s>Et &longs;i inue­<lb/>nero, vt calumniam non &longs;ubeam eorum, <lb/>qui nuper de his &longs;crip&longs;erunt, iudicium ad­<lb/>iicere cogor. </s> <s>In reliquo, ne Oedipus ip&longs;e <lb/>Lectori &longs;atisfaciat. </s> <s>Itaque cùm rem ad­<lb/>modum laborio&longs;am aggre&longs;&longs;i &longs;imus, non ta­<lb/>men pro laboris magnitudine, operi ip&longs;i <lb/>præmij vice vtilitatis & gloriæ tantundem <lb/>acceder. </s> <s>Erant & quædam præter hæc ab <lb/>antiquis non rectè tractata. </s> <s>Sed in his non <lb/>laboro, cùm nulla &longs;it authoritas aduer&longs;us ex­<lb/>perimenta &longs;cribentibus. </s> <s>Ergo tot & tanta <lb/>&longs;unt difficultatis argumenta in hac tracta­<lb/>tione. </s> <s>Sed vt ad rem ip&longs;am reuertar, quan­<lb/>quam ob&longs;cura tenuia &longs;int plerunque, & exi­<lb/>lia &longs;ubtilia, non tamen omnia neque &longs;em­<lb/>per. </s> <s>Quæ enim verborum vitio potiùs quàm <lb/>arte vlla ob&longs;cura &longs;unt atque implicata, ve­<lb/>lut nodi fortuitò in &longs;eip&longs;os redeuntes, tum <lb/>quæ &longs;en&longs;u tenuia videntur, haud tamen den­<lb/>&longs;a, hæc &longs;ubtilitatis nomen non merentur. <lb/>Talia &longs;unt gracilia hominum crura ab ini­<lb/>tio praua nutritione, aliove ca&longs;u oblæ&longs;a. </s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1"></margin.target>Subtilitatis <lb/>definitio.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2"></margin.target>Difficultas <lb/>in opere <lb/>&longs;cribendo.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Con&longs;tat ergo &longs;ubtilitas in tribus &longs;ub&longs;tan­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg3"></arrow.to.target><lb/>tiis, accidentibus, ac repræ&longs;entationibus. <lb/>Eorum enim quorum e&longs;t &longs;cientia aliqua, <lb/>quædam &longs;unt, quædam autem non, &longs;ed &longs;o­<lb/>lùm e&longs;&longs;e videntur. </s> <s>Quæ videntur, alia qui­<lb/>dem nobis dormientibus, alia autem vigi­<lb/>lantibus alia per interiores &longs;en&longs;us, alia verò <lb/>per externos. </s> <s>Externi &longs;en&longs;us, quorum e&longs;t <lb/>ratio habenda, quatuor &longs;unt: tactus, vi&longs;us, <lb/>olfactus, auditus. </s> <s>Nam gu&longs;tus qua&longs;i con­<lb/>temnendus e&longs;&longs;e videtur. </s> <s>Horum &longs;ingulis <lb/>quadrifariam repræ&longs;entatio contingit: vel <lb/>quia non percipiunt quæ percipere debent, <lb/>velut cùm caro acu citra dolorem perfora­<lb/>tur: vel quia percipiunt, quod non e&longs;t, vt <lb/>ec&longs;ta&longs;i ac &longs;omniis: vel aliter quàm &longs;int, vt <lb/>magnitudines aut colores: aut non &longs;imili <lb/>ratione, vt in imagine. </s> <s>Videntur rur&longs;us &longs;ub <lb/>hoc genere plura e&longs;&longs;e, &longs;ed non &longs;unt. </s> <s>Nam <lb/>oratio, auditus: pictura, &longs;culptura, vi&longs;us, &longs;pe­<lb/>cies imaginantis virtutis: &longs;criptura autem <lb/>vi&longs;u & auditu con&longs;tare videtur: vtraque au­<lb/>tem, tam &longs;criptura quàm oratio, auxilio in­<lb/>terioris &longs;en&longs;us con&longs;tant. </s> <s>Quæ autem &longs;unt, <lb/>alia quidem &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ, alia accidentia. </s> <s>Sub­<lb/>&longs;tantiarum aliæ quidem corporeæ, aliæ cor­<lb/>pore carent: atque hæ omnes immortales <lb/>atque incorruptibiles: carent enim contra­<lb/>rio, & in &longs;eip&longs;is &longs;ub&longs;i&longs;tunt. </s> <s>Quæ igitur incor­<lb/>poreæ, aliæ quidem à nullis pendent, &longs;ed <lb/>aliorum &longs;unt cau&longs;æ, aliæ ab aliis. </s> <s>Quæ à <lb/>nullis pendeat, vna tantùm e&longs;t, Deus opti­<lb/>mus atque immen&longs;us, cuius fabrica e&longs;t <lb/>vniuer&longs;um ip&longs;um. </s> <s>De illius intellectu, &longs;a­<lb/>pientia ac pote&longs;tate bonitatéque, inde de <lb/>vniuer&longs;i ortu, extremo loco tanquam de <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg4"></arrow.to.target><lb/>perfecti&longs;&longs;imo dicendum erit. </s> <s>Ad de vniuer&longs;i <lb/>ordine etiam ibidem erit con&longs;iderandum. <lb/>Nam vniuer&longs;um ordine con&longs;tat: ip&longs;um verò <lb/>in tempore, aut in illo tempus. </s> <s>Septem igi­<lb/>tur hæc vltimo in libro tractanda erunt. <pb pagenum="358"/>Quæ autem pendent ab aliis, & corpore ca­<lb/>rent, alia aliorum &longs;unt cau&longs;æ, alia nullius. <lb/>Et quæ aliorum &longs;unt cau&longs;æ, vt perpetuò <lb/>cau&longs;æ &longs;int corporibus etiam immortalibus <lb/>annectuntur, vocantúrque &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ pri­<lb/>mæ. </s> <s>Quatuor igitur in his &longs;pectanda erunt, <lb/>vt intelligunt, vt producunt, vt manent <lb/>(in æuo enim e&longs;&longs;e videntur<emph type="italics"/>)<emph.end type="italics"/> vt mouent, at­<lb/>que corpori a&longs;&longs;i&longs;tunt. </s> <s>Plurima verò in hoc <lb/>genere & in vltima tractatione ad libros de <lb/>æternitatis arcanis reiecta &longs;unt, quòd cùm <lb/>omnia hæc &longs;upra humanam mentem &longs;int <lb/>clariora, & quæ apertiùs demon&longs;trari pote­<lb/>rant, tùm generalia, tantùm huic negotio <lb/>pertinebant. </s> <s>Quæ verò immortalia & in­<lb/>corporea nullius erant cau&longs;a: mortali cor­<lb/>pori annexa fuêre. </s> <s>Alia igitur horum ma­<lb/>nife&longs;ta, alia de quibus e&longs;t dubitatio. </s> <s>Atque <lb/>illa &longs;i &longs;int præclara magis, dæmonas quidam <lb/>vocant, de quibus ante intelligentias tra­<lb/>ctabimus. </s> <s>Tum verò ante illud de xxiv. </s> <s>ge­<lb/>neribus repræ&longs;entationum dictis, ob rei affi­<lb/>nitatem: plerique enim mirabilia &longs;unt, ad <lb/>hos veluti cau&longs;as referunt. </s> <s>Verùm cùm an <lb/>&longs;int, nondum liqueat naturam &longs;pectantibus, <lb/>de his tantùm, velut de probabilibus loque­<lb/>mur, initium ab effectibus, &longs;olúmque id <lb/>cum dubitatione &longs;umentes. </s> <s>At de intelle­<lb/>ctus immortalitate, illiú&longs;que &longs;eparatione, <lb/>aliàs dictum e&longs;t. </s> <s>Reliquum e&longs;t igitur, vt de <lb/>propriis illius affectus loquamur. </s> <s>Sunt au­<lb/>tem artes, de quibus ante illa tractabimus, <lb/>tùm de rebus, quæ artibus ip&longs;is con&longs;tant. <lb/>Ante artes, de &longs;cientiis atque intellectu di­<lb/>cendum erit. </s> <s>Nam de Prudentia, in libris <lb/>de Sapientia di&longs;putauimus. </s> <s>At priùs de Ani­<lb/>ma & Intellectu dicendum erit, quoniam <lb/>non e&longs;t &longs;cientia, neque principiorum cogni­<lb/>tio ab&longs;que illis. </s> <s>Atque po&longs;t hæc de leuioris <lb/>cuiu&longs;dam generis &longs;ubtilitatibus &longs;eu inutili­<lb/>bus, quæ nec ad artem, quòd non confe­<lb/>rant: nec ad &longs;cientiam, quòd non demon­<lb/>&longs;trentur, referri queunt. </s> <s>Rur&longs;us, vt anima <lb/>corpori mortali annectitur, &longs;en&longs;us fiunt: <lb/>atque inde cùm &longs;en&longs;us non &longs;int, ni&longs;i etiam <lb/>&longs;en&longs;ibilia, tum verò &longs;en&longs;u &longs;en&longs;ibilia perci­<lb/>piente voluptas &longs;it, antea de his tribus di­<lb/>cendum erit, &longs;cilicet de &longs;en&longs;u, &longs;en&longs;ibilibus, <lb/>ac voluptate. </s> <s>Colores tamen ad luminis tra­<lb/>ctationem ob commodum reiicimus. </s> <s>Cor­<lb/>porearum verò &longs;ub&longs;tantiarum aliæ quidem <lb/>immortales, vt cœlum: aliæ corruptioni <lb/>obnoxiæ. </s> <s>Horum etiam quædam &longs;implices, <lb/>aliæ mixtæ. </s> <s>Atque omnium horum &longs;unt <lb/>principia quædam, velut locus & motus, <lb/>& corporum repugnantia, & certa men&longs;u­<lb/>ra &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ: neque enim di&longs;&longs;olui pote&longs;t <lb/>corpus in incorporea, neque vacuum admit­<lb/>titur. </s> <s>Tum etiam forma e&longs;t principium, at­<lb/>que communis cum aliis tam generabilibus, <lb/>quàm ingenerabilibus corporibus. </s> <s>Igitur de <lb/>omnibus his quinque, tum de materia, pri­<lb/>mo loco, atque in primo libro tractandum <lb/>erit. </s> <s>Po&longs;t hæc de quatuor elementis <emph type="italics"/>(<emph.end type="italics"/> tot <lb/>enim exi&longs;timantur <emph type="italics"/>)<emph.end type="italics"/> inde de cœlo, pò&longs;t de <lb/>luce, lumine atque coloribus. </s> <s>Inde ad com­<lb/>po&longs;ita corpora de&longs;cendendum. </s> <s>Horum quæ­<lb/>dam perfecta, quædam imperfecta, de qui­<lb/>bus primò dicendum erit. </s> <s>Con&longs;tant hæc mi­<lb/>&longs;tione. </s> <s>De mi&longs;tione igitur quinto loco di­<lb/>cendum erit. </s> <s>Perfectorum autem corporum <lb/>& quæ viuunt, quædam vitam in &longs;eip&longs;is <lb/>habent, atque horum alia aqueæ &longs;ub&longs;tan­<lb/>tiæ, quæ Metalla vocantur: quædam ter­<lb/>reæ, quæ Lapides dicuntur: Cùm verò hæc <lb/>generatione & corruptione, & mutatione <lb/>qualitatum fiant, imprimis de metallis: de <lb/>mutatione qualitatum, quam barbari vo­<lb/>cant Altercationem, dicendum erit: pò&longs;t <lb/>de Lapidibus. </s> <s>Eorum autem quæ vitam <lb/>aliundè trahunt, quædam motu carent, vt <lb/>arbores, & herbæ, de quibus octauo loco <lb/>dicendum e&longs;t: pò&longs;t de his quæ motu prædi­<lb/>ta &longs;unt, non tamen &longs;emine generantur. </s> <s>At <lb/>de generatione tali dicendum erit: &longs;icut in <lb/>decimo de Generatione, quæ &longs;emine in ani­<lb/>malibus fit. </s> <s>Atque hæc animalia intellectu <lb/>carent. </s> <s>De corpore verò, quod &longs;ummam <lb/>perfectionem con&longs;ecutum e&longs;t, <emph type="italics"/>(<emph.end type="italics"/> illud autem <lb/>e&longs;t homo ) cur factum &longs;it, & de illius for­<lb/>ma atque actionibus dicendum erit. </s> <s>Duode­<lb/>cimus verò ea tractat de illo, quæ ad cor­<lb/>pus pertinent, atque hæc quatuor &longs;unt ge­<lb/>nerum: quædam enim aliis &longs;unt communia <lb/>animalibus, quædam propria: quædam &longs;unt <lb/>actiones ex &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ propria quadam na­<lb/>tura, quædam verò quæ ad illius manife­<lb/>&longs;tam &longs;tructuram referuntur. </s> <s>Iam verò & <lb/>quædam &longs;unt accidentia, de quibus dicen­<lb/>dum e&longs;t, velut grauitas, leuitas: hæc au­<lb/>tem in elementis, den&longs;itas, raritas, a&longs;pe­<lb/>ritas, lenitas, durities, mollities: atque <lb/>hæc in mi&longs;tis, communiáque, velut genitis <lb/>nitor, per&longs;picuitas, figuráque genitis &longs;o­<lb/>lùm. </s> <s>Quædam verò de aliis tantùm dicun­<lb/>tur, vt generatio, corruptio, nutritio, mu­<lb/>tatio, auctio, attractio, retentio, conco­<lb/>ctio, expul&longs;io. </s> <s>Subtilitas verò in omnibus <lb/>his, quorum genera numerauimus. </s> <s>Quod <lb/>igitur tot &longs;int, de quibus tractandum e&longs;t, & <lb/>quòd plura e&longs;&longs;e non po&longs;&longs;int, tùm verò quæ <lb/>de illis demon&longs;tranda, & quo ordine, abun­<lb/>dè me explica&longs;&longs;e reor. </s> <s>Vnde non leuis vti­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg5"></arrow.to.target><lb/>litas ex tanto labore, &longs;ed quanta vnquam <lb/>alia ex tractatione po&longs;&longs;it haberi, &longs;eu ad <lb/>vnum tantùm genus, &longs;eu ad plurima refe­<lb/>ratur. </s> <s>Primùm enim ad omnem naturæ co­<lb/>gnitionem confert, & ad difficilium rerum <lb/>&longs;cientiam, & ob&longs;curarum inuentionem, li­<lb/>bris quoque interpretandis omnibus aliqua <lb/>in parte auxiliatur. </s> <s>Artium vires docet, ac <lb/>noua quædam &longs;citu iucunda common&longs;trat, <lb/>tum ex his etiam, quæ ad comparandas di­<lb/>uitias, & opes non parùm momenti afferunt. <lb/>Decernit & circa antiquas, & non leues du­<lb/>bitationes, quid verum &longs;it, velut in chymi­<lb/>cis. </s> <s>O&longs;tendit & prodigio&longs;a opera tùm natu­<lb/>ræ, tùm artis. </s> <s>Reuocat & antiqua in v&longs;um <lb/>inuenta, quæ vetu&longs;tate, vel bellis gra­<lb/>ui&longs;&longs;imis excoluerunt. </s> <s>Et quæ &longs;en&longs;ibus ad­<lb/>miranda videntur, cur fiant, in omni­<lb/>bus edocet. </s> <s>Iam verò propo&longs;itum rem ag­<lb/>grediamur. </s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3"></margin.target>Subtilitas in <lb/>quib. </s> <s>&longs;it. <lb/>Quæ <expan abbr="tractã-da">tractan­<lb/>da</expan> &longs;int in <lb/>his libris.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4"></margin.target>Ordo li­<lb/>brorum.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5"></margin.target>Vtilitas.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Hylen e&longs;&longs;e, o&longs;tendit rerum ip&longs;arum per­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg6"></arrow.to.target><lb/>petua generatio, quæ &longs;emper ex aliquo fit <lb/>alio. </s> <s>Etenim frumenta ex terra & humore, <lb/>& animalia ex &longs;emine, & &longs;anguine, vel <lb/>ouis, & cinis ex lignis: nec quicquam tam <lb/>pu&longs;illum e&longs;t, quòd ex nullo fiat. </s> <s>Nec &longs;uffi­<lb/>cit, vt aliquid præ&longs;it, cùm non ex arundi-<pb pagenum="359"/>ne, aut &longs;tipula multus cinis fieri po&longs;&longs;it, ex <lb/>multa verò quercu paucus nunquam cinis <lb/>euadet. </s> <s>Itaque aliquid in generatione om­<lb/>ni commune manet, quod materiam pri­<lb/>mam dicimus aut hylen. </s> <s>Cùm enim aliquid <lb/>generatur ex alio, &longs;i forma perit (aliter enim <lb/>e&longs;&longs;et idem ac non e&longs;&longs;et) manente aliquo ma­<lb/>teriam illud e&longs;&longs;e, nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t. </s> <s>O&longs;tendit idem <lb/>corruptio, cùm nihil pror&longs;us dum corrum­<lb/>pitur, pereat. </s> <s>Nam malum putre&longs;cit, & in <lb/>vermes tran&longs;it: & ligna dum vruntur, in <lb/>cineres: & aquam in vapores calore ignis, <lb/>aut &longs;olis, vel fumum permutatur. </s> <s>E&longs;t au­<lb/>tem vapor & fumus aliquid: nam & homi­<lb/>nem &longs;uffocat, & &longs;i colligatur, denuò tran­<lb/>&longs;it in guttas aquæ. </s> <s>Manife&longs;tum e&longs;t igitur <lb/>aliquid e&longs;&longs;e in rerum natura &longs;ub forma lati­<lb/>tans, quod nec per generationem fit, nec <lb/>corruptione ip&longs;a interit: atque hoc ip&longs;um <lb/>vt primum quoddam, & quod multis &longs;ub­<lb/>iicitur formis, materiam primam vocare <lb/>&longs;olemus ingenitam, & nunquam interitu­<lb/>ram. </s> <s>Manet autem atque e&longs;t: quod enim <lb/>manet e&longs;t. </s> <s>Materia igitur actu e&longs;t talis, qua­<lb/>lem de&longs;crip&longs;imus: verùm formis compara­<lb/>ta, potentia e&longs;t: illas enim &longs;u&longs;cipere pote&longs;t. <lb/>Ad formam igitur comparata materia, po­<lb/>tentia e&longs;t, in &longs;eip&longs;a verò actu. </s> <s>Quemadmo­<lb/>dum fœtus cùm nondum perfectus e&longs;t, in­<lb/>fans potentia e&longs;t, &longs;ed talis, qualis fœtus actu <lb/>e&longs;t: e&longs;t enim hoc quidem &longs;ic delineatum com­<lb/>mi&longs;tum, ac tale quale videtur. </s> <s>Cùm autem <lb/>ad formam infantis comparatur, potentia <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e dicitur: nam &longs;i actu e&longs;&longs;et, e&longs;&longs;et infans <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg7"></arrow.to.target><lb/>iam, non autem fœtus. </s> <s>Materia igitur pri­<lb/>ma actu e&longs;t, atque ( vt ita dicam ) imminu­<lb/>to: ad formas comparata, potentia e&longs;t: nam <lb/>ni&longs;i potentia ad illas e&longs;&longs;et, eas nunquam <lb/>&longs;u&longs;ciperet: neque enim ex lapide homo fit, <lb/>quia lapis ad hominis formam &longs;u&longs;cipiendam <lb/>potentiam non habet. </s> <s>Complexa verò à for­<lb/>ma, cui tunc &longs;ubiacet, actum con&longs;equitur <lb/>perfectiorem, non tamen perfectum: actus <lb/>enim perfectus e&longs;t, qui potentia omninò <lb/>caret. </s> <s>Dicemus igitur ficus materiam per <lb/>&longs;e con&longs;ideratam actu e&longs;&longs;e, &longs;ed tenui admo­<lb/>dum: vt verò ad alienas formas compara­<lb/>tur, potentia quidem ad illas: vt autem pro­<lb/>priè ficus formæ &longs;ubiacet, actu con&longs;i&longs;tere. <lb/>Sed nec materia prima omnibus e&longs;t &longs;poliata <lb/>rebus: cùm enim <emph type="italics"/>(<emph.end type="italics"/>vt dixi ) neque ex pugil­<lb/>lo paleæ, ferri pugillus ob materiæ paucita­<lb/>tem, nec rur&longs;us ex ferri pugillo, paleæ pu­<lb/>gillus ob illius redundantiam, &longs;equitur <lb/>vt materia prima quantitatem quandam <lb/>retineat, quam indefinitam vocamus. </s> <s>Nam­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg8"></arrow.to.target><lb/>que non &longs;ibi certos de&longs;cribit limites, cùm <lb/>modò &longs;ub forma maius complendo &longs;pa­<lb/>tium, modò minùs latitet. </s> <s>Nam &longs;i ex terra <lb/>ignis fiat, ampliorem occupat locum: qua­<lb/>re materia illa prior, quæ minori &longs;ubiicie­<lb/>batur quantitati, mutatione formæ maio­<lb/>rem locum impleuit. </s> <s>Circum&longs;criptos tamen <lb/>habet limites magnitudinis ac paruitatis, <lb/>intra quos ceu quidam Proteus infinitos ma­<lb/>gnitudinis tèrminos &longs;ubit. </s> <s>Quúmque hæc <lb/>quantitatis certa determinatio illi actu in­<lb/>hæreat, quid mirum e&longs;t ip&longs;am materiam pri­<lb/>mam, propter quam magnitudo ip&longs;a e&longs;t <lb/>con&longs;tituta, actu e&longs;&longs;e, ac &longs;ub&longs;i&longs;tere? </s> <s>ob&longs;cu­<lb/>riùs hæc quidem ab aliis dicta &longs;unt, non &longs;o­<lb/>lùm ob rei ip&longs;ius &longs;ubtilitatem, &longs;ed quòd ple­<lb/>rique dum quæ non perfectè a&longs;&longs;equebantur, <lb/>&longs;cribere vellent, &longs;ermonibus non tantùm <lb/>ob&longs;curius, &longs;ed etiam ambiguis tractationem <lb/>ip&longs;am inuoluunt. </s> <s>Porrò ad materiæ &longs;cien­<lb/>tiam, imò e&longs;&longs;entiam &longs;equitur, vt cùm for­<lb/>mas ip&longs;as aduenientes impedimus, prior re­<lb/>maneat: atque eo modo aqua frigida in &longs;an­<lb/>guineis temperantiam con&longs;eruat, bilis pro­<lb/>hibendo generationem. </s> <s>Etenim cùm nece&longs;­<lb/>&longs;e &longs;it materiam primam &longs;emper &longs;ub aliqua <lb/>iacere forma, &longs;i &longs;ub&longs;equens impediatur ar­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg9"></arrow.to.target><lb/>te, vel ca&longs;u, priorem formam manere ne­<lb/>ce&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t. </s> <s>Inde igitur tota præ&longs;eruandi me­<lb/>thodus ortum habuit. </s> <s>Similiter & in tran&longs;­<lb/>mutationibus par materiæ quantitas requi­<lb/>renda fuit, cùm maior aut minor oportuna <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e non po&longs;&longs;it. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq;">Atque</expan> ea ratione ex con&longs;imili­<lb/>bus con&longs;imilia magis fiunt, quàm ex di&longs;&longs;imi­<lb/>libus. </s> <s>Rur&longs;us rari ac den&longs;i ratio à materiæ <lb/>multitudine, aut paucitate &longs;umpta e&longs;t: ve­<lb/>rùm de his inferiùs dicemus. </s> <s>Cùm itaque <lb/>materia ab initio tota fui&longs;&longs;et, imple&longs;&longs;étque <lb/>hoc concauum orbis, nec po&longs;&longs;et finiri, va­<lb/>cuum e&longs;&longs;e non poterat: nam vacuo aucto, <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg10"></arrow.to.target><lb/>materiam tolli nece&longs;&longs;e erat. </s> <s>Multa etiam <lb/>erant, quæ vacuum e&longs;&longs;e non po&longs;&longs;e demon­<lb/>&longs;trabant, et&longs;i Heron in &longs;piritualibus illud <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e o&longs;tendere nitatur: verùm non e&longs;t &longs;a­<lb/>pientis omnia ab&longs;urda refellere: nec no&longs;tri <lb/>multò minùs in&longs;tituti, quæ ab euidentibus <lb/>rationibus po&longs;&longs;unt demon&longs;trari, ob&longs;curiori­<lb/>bus argumentis pro&longs;equi. </s> <s>Quòd igitur va­<lb/>cuum non &longs;it, folles o&longs;tendunt occlu&longs;i, qui <lb/>&longs;i nimium di&longs;tendantur ac violenter fran­<lb/>guntur: nam locus capacior factus, cùm <lb/>nec aëre impleri po&longs;&longs;it, tantam tenuitatem <lb/>non admittente, nec vacuum dari queat, &longs;u­<lb/>pere&longs;t tertium vt folles ip&longs;i di&longs;rumpantur. <lb/>Huius igitur vacui nece&longs;&longs;itate aqua a&longs;cen­<lb/>dit, dum per canalem &longs;ugimus, pronáque de­<lb/>&longs;cendit, hauriens &longs;itulam ex vrceolo. </s> <s>Hæc <lb/>autem infrà demon&longs;trabuntur. </s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg6"></margin.target>Materiam <lb/>primam e&longs;&longs;e.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg7"></margin.target>Materiam <lb/>primam <lb/>actu e&longs;&longs;e.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg8"></margin.target>Materiam <lb/>primam <lb/>quandam <lb/>retinere.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg9"></margin.target>Præ&longs;eruandi <lb/>methodus <lb/>vnde ortum <lb/>habuerit.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg10"></margin.target>Vacuum non <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Hac ratione lucerna mirabilis excogitata <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg11"></arrow.to.target><lb/>e&longs;t, turris formâ vndequaque conclu&longs;a, &longs;o­<lb/>lóque foramine D, contenta, per quod <lb/>oleum ip&longs;um infunditur, donec tota implea­<lb/>tur. </s> <s>Solida e&longs;t ex &longs;tanno, cúmque conuer­<lb/>titur, vt nunc iacet, oleum effundi per D, <lb/>non pote&longs;t. </s> <s>Nam &longs;i effunderetur, quod e&longs;t <lb/>in C, de&longs;cenderet grauis & vacui ratione ad <lb/>D: & quod e&longs;&longs;et in B, ad C: & quod e&longs;&longs;et <lb/>in A: ad B: igitur vacuum in A, relinque­<lb/>retur. </s> <s>Ne igitur vacuum in A, relinquatur, <lb/><figure id="fig1"></figure><lb/>manet: quare etiam in B, oleum, & in C <lb/>& in D: nihil ergo effunditur. </s> <s>Sed quonam <lb/>pacto igitur dum accen&longs;o ellychnio in F, <lb/>oleum con&longs;umitur, per E, canalem ex ip&longs;o <lb/>D, exire pote&longs;t, itaque ad vacui rationem <pb pagenum="360"/>rur&longs;us peruenire videtur nece&longs;&longs;arium? </s> <s>Siue <lb/>enim trahatur caloris vi, &longs;eu &longs;pontè de&longs;cen­<lb/>dat oleum, quantum ad vacui rationem at­<lb/>tinet, nihil intere&longs;&longs;e videtur. </s> <s>Attamen ex­<lb/>perimentum edocet, ardere quidem lucer­<lb/>nam, & &longs;ic &longs;en&longs;im vacuam reddi: &longs;pontè <lb/>autem oleum nequaquam de&longs;cendere. </s> <s>Cau­<lb/>&longs;a igitur e&longs;t, quòd ignis calefaciendo rariùs <lb/>ac tenuiùs efficit oleum: id rarius factum <lb/>intume&longs;cit, & per D, foramen exuberat, <lb/>leui&longs;&longs;imáque eius pars interim a&longs;cendit ad <lb/>&longs;ummum lucernæ, vbi A, &longs;crip&longs;imus: quæ <lb/>cum multo aëre referta &longs;it, locum aëre com­<lb/>plet, ac &longs;ic &longs;en&longs;im augetur, dum <expan abbr="oleũ">oleum</expan> effundi­<lb/>tur. </s> <s>Quamobrem & illud diligenter cauere <lb/>nece&longs;&longs;arium e&longs;t, ne canalis D E F, iu&longs;to bre­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg12"></arrow.to.target><lb/>uior &longs;it, aut ellychnium in F, maius: nam <lb/>vtroque modo oleum nimio calore celeriùs <lb/>intume&longs;cit, adeò vt effundatur. </s> <s>Hac ratione <lb/>excogitarunt Athenien&longs;es lucernam ante <lb/>Mineruæ &longs;imulachrum, quæ toto anno ar­<lb/>deret. </s> <s>Nam A B C D, &longs;patium auctum erat <lb/>iuxta multitudinem dierum anni: commo­<lb/>diùs for&longs;an fuerit, &longs;i &longs;ubere craticulæ ferreæ <lb/>&longs;u&longs;tententur. </s> <s>Ideóque in va&longs;e maximo <lb/>oleum effu&longs;um, per&longs;euerante flamma el­<lb/>lychnij &longs;ufficiet in totum annum. </s> <s>Vt verò <lb/>per&longs;eueret flamma, ellychnium comburi non <lb/>debet. </s> <s>Tale fit è ligno Carpa&longs;io, hoc enim <lb/>non vritur: aut, vt inferiùs docebimus, è la­<lb/>pidum cru&longs;tarum filis. <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg13"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg11"></margin.target>Lucerna mi­<lb/>rabilis.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg12"></margin.target>Lucernatoto <lb/>anno <expan abbr="ard&etilde;s">ardens</expan>.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg13"></margin.target>Vbique tria <lb/>&longs;unt, mate­<lb/>ria, forma <lb/>& anima.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Materia igitur vbique e&longs;t, illa verò &longs;ine <lb/>forma e&longs;&longs;e non pote&longs;t, quare & formam vbi­<lb/>que e&longs;&longs;e nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t: &longs;ed & animam quan­<lb/>dam, &longs;eu quòd vbique fiat generatio, &longs;eu <lb/>quod magis ad præ&longs;entem attinet tractatio­<lb/>nem, in quocunque corpore, cùm extra lo­<lb/>cum &longs;uum fuerit, motus principium e&longs;&longs;e vi­<lb/>deatur. </s> <s>At motus non ab anima, &longs;ed à na­<lb/>tura e&longs;t. </s> <s>Mea nihil intere&longs;t, modò ( quod ad <lb/>præ&longs;entem mihi &longs;olùm tractationem nece&longs;­<lb/>&longs;arium e&longs;t ) fatearis principium e&longs;&longs;e quod­<lb/>dam motus: nam de anima, an omnis natu­<lb/>ra anima &longs;it po&longs;teriùs con&longs;iderandum. </s> <s>Nunc <lb/>&longs;atis &longs;it, cùm mi&longs;ta omnia &longs;int corporea aut <lb/>&longs;implicia, quædam ex his vt leuia &longs;ursùm, <lb/>alia deorsùm ferri vt grauia: neque verò <lb/>impelluntur: nam violenter ad propria re­<lb/>mearent: nec trahuntur: locus enim acci­<lb/>dens e&longs;t, & elementum ip&longs;um non trahit <lb/>vbique: vt cùm aqua &longs;ursùm fuerit. </s> <s>Inti­<lb/>mum igitur e&longs;t, quo mouetur elementum, <lb/>aut ab elemento mixtum. </s> <s>Dico etenim mix­<lb/>tum, vt lapidem, à terra, quæ in ip&longs;o e&longs;t <lb/>deorsùm moueri, aut aqua. </s> <s>Siquidem mix­<lb/>ta & ip&longs;a ab elemento, aut elementis, quæ <lb/>in ip&longs;is dominantur, moueri &longs;olent. </s> <s>Cùm <lb/>verò corpora ip&longs;a eiu&longs;dem non fuerint ge­<lb/>neris, eodem in loco e&longs;&longs;e non po&longs;&longs;unt: nam </s></p><p type="main"> <s><arrow.to.target n="marg14"></arrow.to.target><lb/>materia illa duas haberet &longs;imul formas. </s> <s>Plus <lb/>verò e&longs;&longs;e ac minùs de eodem corpore, o&longs;ten­<lb/>dunt oua vitrea, quæ cùm exuguntur, ex par­<lb/>uulo foramine aquam trahunt: nam aër ille <lb/>rarior factus ob attractionem denuò cogi­<lb/>tur, occupátque minorem locum quàm priùs, <lb/>atque &longs;ic ne vacuum detur, aquam ad &longs;e <lb/>trahit. </s> <s>Igitur aër ip&longs;e cogi pote&longs;t, ac &longs;eip­<lb/>&longs;um &longs;ubingredi, eadémque ratione rarior <lb/>euadere: vtque e&longs;t terminus quidam in rari­<lb/>tate, qui vacui rationem habet atque &longs;ic <lb/>mouet, ita den&longs;itatis alius, quem &longs;i quis <lb/>præterire nitatur, motum excitat, qui vo­<lb/>catur impul&longs;us. </s> <s>Fit igitur impul&longs;us, vel cùm <lb/>corpus locum alterius &longs;ubingreditur, vel cùm <lb/>idem corpus adeò cra&longs;&longs;e&longs;cit, vt tantam cra&longs;&longs;i­<lb/>tiem ferre non queat: tunc enim locum alium <lb/>atque ampliorem quærens, motum impul&longs;us <lb/>excitat: vtque à vacuo & raritate nimia attra­<lb/>ctio fit, &longs;ic à den&longs;itate maiore aut corporum <lb/>coïtione in vnum, impul&longs;io, quæ attractioni <lb/>contraria e&longs;t. </s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg14"></margin.target>Duo corpora <lb/>in eodem loco <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e non po&longs;­<lb/>&longs;unt.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Igitur quòd corpora &longs;imilia coëant & ra­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg15"></arrow.to.target><lb/>re&longs;cant, ab experimento acceptum e&longs;t: &longs;ed <lb/>ratio non adeò clara. </s> <s>Alexander putat ma­<lb/>teriam habere potentiam ad formas diuer­<lb/>&longs;as, quarum quantitates materiæ diuer&longs;æ <lb/>&longs;unt: veluti &longs;i ex aqua fiat aër, quòd aër <lb/>minorem po&longs;tulet materiam, materia illa <lb/>rare&longs;cit, quod in igne dum è puluere fit, ma­<lb/>nife&longs;tè videmus. </s> <s>At conden&longs;ari & rare&longs;ce­<lb/>cere, e&longs;t formam ex parte mutare. </s> <s>Cúm enim <lb/>aër cogitur, ad aquæ naturam tran&longs;it. </s> <s>Vn­<lb/>de in cucurbitulis lintea madefacta cogunt <lb/>aërem, atque ideò magis trahunt. </s> <s>Igitur <lb/>quæ rare&longs;cunt vel conden&longs;antur, formam <lb/>partim mutant. </s> <s>At forma corporis, formam <lb/>elementi &longs;equitur. </s> <s>Repugnat igitur, duo <lb/>corpora &longs;imul e&longs;&longs;e, non ob materiam, quæ <lb/>potentia tantùm in loco e&longs;t, & locum occu­<lb/>pat, & decernit &longs;ibi quantitatem pote&longs;tate <lb/>quidem &longs;ola, non actu, &longs;ed ob formarum di­<lb/>uer&longs;itatem. </s> <s>Conden&longs;ari igitur corpus po­<lb/>te&longs;t, quod &longs;imiles habet partes, non autem <lb/>corpora &longs;e penetrare po&longs;&longs;unt. </s> <s>Porrò in con­<lb/>den&longs;atione videtur difflari aliquid tenuius, <lb/>aut exprimi. </s> <s>Sed &longs;i ita e&longs;t, videbitur quod <lb/>rare&longs;cit, aut conden&longs;at generari. </s> <s>Verùm ele­<lb/>mentorum mutatio adeò facilis e&longs;t in con­<lb/>iuncta & &longs;imilia, vt non omninò vera <lb/>generatio videatur. </s> <s>Nam ex aqua in le­<lb/>bete aër fit ob ignis calorem: ignis au­<lb/>tem nihil generat. </s> <s>Non igitur e&longs;t hæc ge­<lb/>neratio elementorum, &longs;ed tran&longs;mutatio quæ­<lb/>dam ad affinia. </s> <s>Dicemus autem de hoc in­<lb/>feriùs. </s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg15"></margin.target>Corporum <lb/>vnitio quo­<lb/>modo fiat.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Ergo in vniuer&longs;umtres erunt motus nà­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg16"></arrow.to.target><lb/>turales. </s> <s>Primus quidem ac validi&longs;&longs;imus à va­<lb/>cui fuga, &longs;ed veriùs à forma elementi, cùm <lb/>maiorem raritatem non admittat, nec ma­<lb/>teriæ partes &longs;eparari vnquam queant. </s> <s>Cùm <lb/>igitur in follibus apertio maior fit, quàm <lb/>paucus ille aër ferre po&longs;&longs;it, primùm rarior <lb/>redditus, cùm materia prima &longs;eperationem <lb/>non admittat, aër ille non &longs;u&longs;tinens maio­<lb/>rem raritatem, aut aliquid ad &longs;e trahit, aut <lb/>folles omninò di&longs;rumpit. </s> <s>Non igitur à va­<lb/>cuo motus vllus, &longs;ed à formis ip&longs;is maximè <lb/>aëris, dum ampliùs diuelli nequit, nec &longs;e­<lb/>parari, fieri con&longs;ueuit. </s> <s>E&longs;&longs;e autem hunc mo­<lb/>tum naturalem, o&longs;tendit con&longs;en&longs;us in hoc <lb/>vniuer&longs;i, & obedientia omnium corporum, <lb/>quæ relictis propriis motibus, vt huic &longs;a­<lb/>tisfaciant, a&longs;cendunt &longs;pontè grauia, de&longs;cen­<lb/>dúntque leuia. </s> <s>Secundus ( vt dixi ) è directo <lb/>huic contrarius, &longs;pecie quidem vt primus <lb/>à vacuo fit. </s> <s>Hic ne corpora &longs;e mutuò pene­<lb/>trent factus videtur, &longs;ed veriùs oppo&longs;itam <lb/>priori ob rationem, ne &longs;cilicet forma plus <lb/>iu&longs;to, quàm debeat materiæ primæ con&longs;e­<lb/>quatur, &longs;icut in priore ne iu&longs;to minùs. </s> <s>Hunc <pb pagenum="361"/>igitur ei&longs;dem rationibus quibus priorem, na­<lb/>turalem e&longs;&longs;e demon&longs;trauimus à natura pro­<lb/>fici&longs;ci, quamvis apud quo&longs;dam ob&longs;curius <lb/>certè con&longs;tat. </s> <s>Neque &longs;atis liquet ex his mo­<lb/>tibus, qui &longs;it validior. </s> <s>Illud tamen clarum <lb/>e&longs;t, ambos motibus omnibus violentis, tum <lb/>etiam elementorum naturalibus potentiores <lb/>multò e&longs;&longs;e, neque vbi impul&longs;us huius ge­<lb/>neris, aut attractionis ratio habenda &longs;it, <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg17"></arrow.to.target><lb/>grauis aut leuis penè vllam e&longs;&longs;e curam. </s> <s>At­<lb/>que ea ratione, quam &longs;uo loco pro&longs;eque­<lb/>mur, tanta vi tormenta bellica pilas illas fer­<lb/>reas emittunt, cùm nulla vis alia impellen­<lb/>do quicquam &longs;imile po&longs;&longs;it efficere. </s> <s>Quòd <lb/>ni&longs;i machinæ periculum fracturæ ob&longs;ta­<lb/>ret, nihil prohiberet ex Germaniis in In­<lb/>diam, quoniam ex ordine e&longs;t vniuer&longs;i, im­<lb/>pelli. </s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg16"></margin.target>Tres e&longs;&longs;e mo­<lb/>tus natura­<lb/>les à princi­<lb/>pio.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg17"></margin.target>Bellicæ ma­<lb/>chinæ impel­<lb/>lunt ordine <lb/>vniuer&longs;i.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Tertius autem motus grauium e&longs;t ad in­<lb/>ferna, leuium ad &longs;uperna: quem planè om­<lb/>nes naturalem e&longs;&longs;e fatentur, quò minùs de <lb/>eo laboro. </s> <s>Sed nec &longs;i concedatur nobis alios <lb/>motus naturales dici debere, modò &longs;emper <lb/>his, vt dixi, contingant rationibus, quic­<lb/>quam ad ea, quæ declarare propo&longs;ueramus <lb/>oberit. </s> <s>Erat & quartum genus naturalis mo­<lb/>tus, quo quædam ad alia mouentur: quod <lb/>quia generale non e&longs;t, ad locum &longs;uum trans­<lb/>feretur, velut de Herculeo vocato lapide, <lb/>& ferro, electro atque fe&longs;tuca. </s> <s>His igitur de­<lb/>mon&longs;tratis tanquam principiis ratio con&longs;ur­<lb/>git machinæ Cte&longs;ibicæ, quæ &longs;ic con&longs;tat. <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg18"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg18"></margin.target>Machina <lb/>Ctc&longs;iaica.</s></p><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Catinus A, æ­<lb/>reus, cuius &longs;um­<lb/>mum os per quod <lb/>effundi aqua de­<lb/>bet B. </s> <s>In imo eius <lb/>duo foramina C, <lb/>& D, &longs;uper qui­<lb/>bus axes aut coria <lb/>ita collocentur vt <lb/>in follibus: quæ <lb/>ex inferiore par­<lb/>te eleuentur ver­<lb/>sùs A, &longs;ed &longs;i com­<lb/>primantur, occludant ob&longs;cula illa: hæreánt­<lb/>que catino ex o&longs;culis C, & D, fi&longs;tulæ duæ, <lb/>dextra ac &longs;ini&longs;tra producantur E, & F, & <lb/>modiolis in&longs;erantur in G, & in H. </s> <s>Modioli <lb/>inanes &longs;unt, & in aqua mer&longs;i, in imo haben­<lb/>tes foramina K, & L, in medio: &longs;upra quæ <lb/>axes cum corio vt in catino, qui eleuari po&longs;­<lb/>&longs;int ad &longs;uperiùs: cùm verò premuntur o&longs;cula, <lb/>ad vnguem concludant. </s> <s>In modiolis autem <lb/>emboli ma&longs;culi M, & N, torno politi, & oleo <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg19"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;ubacti, vt modiolos ad amu&longs;&longs;im impleant: <lb/>inde vectibus & tegulis ita &longs;int aptati, vt vl­<lb/>trò, citróque permeantes, cùm M, a&longs;cendit, <lb/>exinanitúrque &longs;ubiectum vas, alterna vice <lb/>N, de&longs;cendat, & impleat embolum, expri­<lb/>mátque quicquid in eo continetur. </s> <s>Hac ra­<lb/>tione parata cùm ex O, trahitur M, embo­<lb/>lus ma&longs;culus, locus Q, modioli exinanitur: <lb/>quare eleuatur axis & corium &longs;uprà K, aquá­<lb/>que a&longs;cendit donec impleatur modiolus ex <lb/>primi motus ratione: interim verò cùm N, <lb/>pre&longs;&longs;us &longs;it, incipiat ex imo trahi alterno mo­<lb/>tu, <expan abbr="de&longs;cendétq;">de&longs;cendétque</expan> M, embolus <expan abbr="cúmq;">cúmque</expan> aqua, quæ <lb/>in &longs;patio Q, continebatur non po&longs;&longs;it effluere, <lb/>M, concludente &longs;uperiùs modioli capacita­<lb/>tem ad vnguem: nec de&longs;cendere per K, quo­<lb/>niam axis foramen premit, & quò magis vr­<lb/>getur pondere & impetu ex &longs;uperiore loco <lb/>ab aqua, ita magis exqui&longs;itè hæret K, fora­<lb/>mini: &longs;equitur vt aqua per G, exeat, qua &longs;o­<lb/>lùm exitus patet, a&longs;cendén&longs;que per fi&longs;tulam <lb/>E, ingreditur eleuans operculum in catinum <lb/>per C, <expan abbr="foram&etilde;">foramen</expan>, donec catinus impleatur: pò&longs;t <lb/>ce&longs;&longs;ante impul&longs;u ex E, &longs;ub&longs;idet corium, & <lb/>axis in C, vá&longs;que A, plenum manet. </s> <s>Interim <lb/>verò dnm M, ad K, de&longs;cendit, N, ad &longs;ummum <lb/>modioli <expan abbr="a&longs;c&etilde;dit">a&longs;cendit</expan>, modiolú&longs;que impletur aqua <lb/>eadem ratione: vnde cum rur&longs;us premitur, <lb/>exprimit aquam per H, in F, & per D, eadem <lb/>ratione in modiolum, qui cùm iam plenus &longs;it <lb/>aqua, nec illa per C, regredi po&longs;&longs;it, cùm axis <lb/>& corium eò magis hæreant foramini, quò <lb/>magis ab aqua ex &longs;uperiore parte premun­<lb/>tur, &longs;equitur vt ex &longs;ecundi motus naturalis <lb/>ratione, quo etiam grauia &longs;ursùm feruntur, <lb/>vt aqua per A, in B, a&longs;cendens effundatur, at­<lb/>que ita alternante motu ac pleno &longs;emper ca­<lb/>tino, vt effluere ex imo K, & L, in altum a&longs;­<lb/>cendens, quantumlibet per B, nunquam de­<lb/>&longs;inat. </s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg19"></margin.target>Vitruuius <lb/>lib. </s> <s>10. 6. 12.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Eiu&longs;dem argumenti e&longs;t tuba nauium, qua <lb/>&longs;olent naues aqua periclitantes euacuare. <lb/>Cuius exemplo con&longs;tructa e&longs;t machina Bar­<lb/>tholomæi Brambillæ, quam nos vidimus <lb/>Mediolani, nulla ex parte antiquis artificio <lb/>inferior. </s></p><figure></figure><p type="caption"> <s>Machina Brambilica.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>BD, tuba, inanis in­<lb/>tus, lignea, rotunda, ve­<lb/>ctibus & regulis fixa, <lb/>latior parte &longs;uperiore <lb/>tota DM, inferiore ar­<lb/>ctior: qua parte exci­<lb/>pitur C, va&longs;e aquæ im­<lb/>mer&longs;o, & vndique à la­<lb/>teribus perforato, vt <lb/>aqua ingredi po&longs;&longs;it: la­<lb/>pilli autem & arena <lb/>minimè, fundo va&longs;is C, <lb/>&longs;olido. </s> <s>Sic fiet vt tuba <lb/>aquam ex va&longs;e puram, <lb/>cùm opus fuerit, non <lb/>lapillos aut arenam, <lb/>quibus machina impe­<lb/>diretur, hauriat. </s> <s>In loco <lb/>M, vbi arctior pars la­<lb/>tiori committitur, co­<lb/>rium &longs;uperiùs ex parte <lb/>M, annectitur, cui &longs;u­<lb/>perimminet lamina te­<lb/>nuis plumbea, vt cùm <lb/>eleuetur ex parte Q, <lb/>pondere &longs;uo denuò cadat, & integat canalem <lb/>L, exqui&longs;ite. </s> <s>Embolus autem ma&longs;culus AE, <lb/>minor tubæ latitudine, &longs;ed <expan abbr="tam&etilde;">tamen</expan> in &longs;upremo, <lb/>vbi e&longs;t D, ad amu&longs;&longs;im ob&longs;truat tubæ <expan abbr="foram&etilde;">foramen</expan>. <lb/>Inane autem &longs;it OP. </s> <s>Ex imo emboli tres vir­<lb/>gæ ferreæ &longs;olidæ prodeant, ad latera tubæ in­<lb/>tus pertingentes, quas corio circumue&longs;ties, <lb/>ne contactu tubam exulcerent. </s> <s>Hæ tripodis <lb/>imaginem referunt, inferiùs latiores ac ma­<lb/>gis di&longs;tantes, vbi F, quàm &longs;uperiùs vbi E. <lb/>Manife&longs;tum e&longs;t igitur, totum &longs;patium iuxta <lb/>N, e&longs;&longs;e inane, nec præter virgulas aliquid <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e in eo: quo fit vt peruia &longs;it vita ex O, & <lb/>P, in N, atque vici&longs;&longs;im ex N, in O, & P: <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> <pb pagenum="362"/>enim &longs;patium &longs;upra F, inane e&longs;t, nec in eo <lb/>aliquid continetur præter embolum & vir­<lb/>gulas. </s> <s>In imo harum virgularum circulus F, <lb/>câpitibus earum annexus con&longs;tituatur, nec <lb/>totus inanis, &longs;ed in medio tantùm, & vbi <lb/>foramen relinquitur, corio &longs;upernè, ac &longs;u­<lb/>per corium plumbi lamina tenui, vt in M, <lb/>dictum e&longs;t, integatur, &longs;ic vt cùm integitur, <lb/>ne aër po&longs;&longs;it tran&longs;ire, & corium tamen cum <lb/>plumbo eleuari po&longs;&longs;it ver&longs;us N, & foramen <lb/>ip&longs;um detegere. </s> <s>Hoc itaque fiet, &longs;i corium <lb/>media qua&longs;i parte annexum fuerit circulo, <lb/>capita virgarum continente: reliqua parte <lb/>di&longs;iunctum, ac &longs;olùm ad amu&longs;&longs;im foramen <lb/>illud, cùm hæret, occludens. </s> <s>Ex ip&longs;is rur&longs;us <lb/>virgarum capitibus tres aliæ virgæ rectà <lb/>prodeant, lateribus intror&longs;um tubæ hæren­<lb/>tes. </s> <s>Has corium circumambit vndequaque <lb/>ab F, &longs;uprema parte v&longs;que in G, hærens ad <lb/>amu&longs;&longs;im lateribus tubæ intror&longs;um, ne vel aër <lb/>ex K, in N, po&longs;&longs;it permeare. </s> <s>Ita fiet in H, mo­<lb/>diolum, &longs;ed inuer&longs;um, videatur: e&longs;t enim fun­<lb/>dus F, & corio circumue&longs;titus vndequaque <lb/>tereti forma, & in G, apertus ac patens. </s> <s>Quo <lb/>peracto ita aptetur A, embolus, vt citrò, vl­<lb/>tróque commeare modò de&longs;cendendo v&longs;que <lb/>ad M, parte G, ima modioli inuer&longs;i, modò <lb/>&longs;ursùm vbi nunc pingitur, retrahi po&longs;&longs;it. </s> <s>His <lb/>itaque &longs;ic di&longs;po&longs;itis, iaceat G, &longs;uper M Q, & <lb/>incipiat eleuari, tunc aër contentus in &longs;patio <lb/>H, rarior factus demùm trahit Q, & eleuat: <lb/>cuius &longs;ucce&longs;&longs;u a&longs;cendit aër ex L, in K, &longs;pa­<lb/>tium, huius &longs;ucce&longs;&longs;u aqua a&longs;cendit ex B, in <lb/>L. </s> <s>Cùm autem embolus de&longs;cendit aëris im­<lb/>pul&longs;u, & plumbi grauitate, illicò Q, de&longs;cen­<lb/>dit: quare aqua, quæ e&longs;t in L, nece&longs;&longs;ariò ma­<lb/>net: nam reclu&longs;o operculo MQ, &longs;i aqua de&longs;­<lb/>cenderet, conuelleretur modicus ille aër, qui <lb/>e&longs;&longs;et in &longs;uprema parte L, &longs;upra aquam, cùm <lb/>non po&longs;&longs;it alium haurire aërem ex K, pro­<lb/>pter periculum MQ: aër verò qui in K, con­<lb/>tinebatur, dum de&longs;cendit per G, eleuans <lb/>operculum F, effugit &longs;patium O, & per P, <lb/>foramen exit foràs: ita &longs;æpiùs repetito a&longs;cen­<lb/>&longs;u, de&longs;cen&longs;úque G, & emboli, impletur lo­<lb/>cus L, aqua, pò&longs;t rur&longs;us eleuato G, & ob <lb/>motus primi rationem, ne aër in K, nimis <lb/>conuellatur, eleuato Q M, operculo aqua <lb/>ingreditur, &longs;patium K, donec impleatur, & <lb/>&longs;imul cum eo &longs;patium H, quod (vt dixi) com­<lb/>mune e&longs;t cum K, quia G, e&longs;t medioli os pa­<lb/>tens, & nulla ex parte conclu&longs;um. </s> <s>Sic igitur <lb/>iam plenum, & rur&longs;us embolus de&longs;cendat: <lb/>aqua igitur quæ in H, e&longs;t, eleuabit opercu­<lb/>lum F, & implebit &longs;patia N, & O. </s> <s>Cùm au­<lb/>tem &longs;ursùm trahitur embolus, ne aqua, quæ <lb/>in O. a&longs;cenderat, rursùm de&longs;cendat, prohibet <lb/>operculum in F, quod grauitate tum propria, <lb/>tum aquæ &longs;uperincumbentis, cadens obturat <lb/>foramen. </s> <s>Itaque con&longs;tat hac machina aquam <lb/>&longs;emper a&longs;cendere, & nunquam po&longs;&longs;e de&longs;­<lb/>cendere: vnde cùm peruenerit ad P, effun­<lb/>ditur per P, os tubæ in locum, quem volue­<lb/>ris, tuncque minimo labore quantum voles <lb/>aquæ ex B, exhauries: nam plena iam tuba <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg20"></arrow.to.target><lb/>facilior fit motus emboli A. </s> <s>Tubæ verò qui­<lb/>bus &longs;iccantur naues, tum fontes & &longs;caturigi­<lb/>nes aquarum, &longs;impliciore con&longs;tructione con­<lb/>&longs;tant. </s> <s>Manente ratione B, & C, ne lapides <lb/>machinam impediant, embolus quatuor <lb/>habet corij fru&longs;ta in imo, & totidem iuxtà, <lb/>duorum tamen cubitorum, aut paulò plus <lb/>&longs;patio di&longs;tincta, quæ &longs;upernè alligantur. </s> <s>Pal­<lb/>mi longitudo e&longs;t eorum: & vt trahuntur, <lb/>aqua ingreditur vacui ratione: cùm de&longs;cen­<lb/>dunt, dilatantur propter aëris impul&longs;um, &longs;ed <lb/>& ob celeritatem aliquid rur&longs;us permeat <lb/>aquæ &longs;uperiùs. </s> <s>Itaque non &longs;olùm trahen­<lb/>do, &longs;ed & premendo aqua a&longs;cendit. </s> <s>Iam igi­<lb/>tur declarauimus exemplum quietis, quæ <lb/>fit per vacui fugam, hanc tamen docui­<lb/>mus potiùs debere dici raritatis violentiam: </s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg20"></margin.target>Tubæ <expan abbr="hauri&etilde;-tes">haurien­<lb/>tes</expan> aquas.</s></p><figure></figure><p type="caption"> <s>Horologij <lb/>mola.<lb/>fit enim à forma elementi fu­<lb/>gientis maiorem, quam ei con­<lb/>uenire po&longs;&longs;it, raritatem. </s> <s>Sic ea­<lb/>dem ratione appellabimus im­<lb/>pul&longs;um, &longs;eu &longs;it motus, &longs;eu quies, <lb/>à den&longs;itate, &longs;icut tertium ele­<lb/>menti motum, &longs;eu grauis &longs;it, &longs;eu <lb/>leuis. </s> <s>Exemplo igitur lucernæ <lb/>quies olei in &longs;uprema parte <lb/>o&longs;ten&longs;a e&longs;t. </s> <s>Secundo autem <lb/>exmplo motus attractionis ob <lb/>raritatem, & impul&longs;us ob den­<lb/>&longs;itatem, in machina Cte&longs;ibica <lb/>demon&longs;tratur. </s> <s>Hoc tertio &longs;imi­<lb/>liter <expan abbr="vtriu&longs;q;">vtriu&longs;que</expan> motus exemplar, <lb/>ac quietis etiam grauis præter <lb/>naturam. </s> <s>Supere&longs;t modò, vt <lb/>motum à &longs;ola raritate, &longs;eu à va­<lb/>cuo quarto exemplo doceamus: <lb/>verùm id inferiùs exponere <lb/>oportet, ratione quadam &longs;in­<lb/>gulari, cùm motus elemento­<lb/>rum docebimus. </s> <s>Nunc verò <lb/>motum qui ob &longs;olam fit den&longs;i­<lb/>tatem aggrediemur, cuius <lb/>exemplum in tormentis bellicis <lb/>patuit, in quibus impul&longs;us mo­<lb/>tus &longs;olum apparet. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Eiu&longs;dem planè generis e&longs;t <lb/>motus, qui fit in molis horologiorum, &longs;i­<lb/>cut bali&longs;tarum ex raritate, tum &longs;corpio­<lb/>num, ac eiu&longs;cemodi generis tormentorum: <lb/>nam cùm nimium tenditur neruus, vt &longs;e <lb/>contrahat, impul&longs;u mouetur acriore, ac <lb/>impo&longs;itum lapidem, aut &longs;agittam impel­<lb/>lit. </s> <s>Itaque ad motum raritatis hæc ratio re­<lb/>ducitur. </s> <s>Contraria igitur ( vr dixi ) ratio­<lb/>ne, mola torquetur in horologio: nam <lb/>chalybs mollis redditus, in tenuem bra­<lb/>cteam prolongam & &longs;trictam, vt in figu­<lb/>ra vides, redigitur; inde per vim in or­<lb/>bem arcti&longs;&longs;ime colligitur, cap&longs;ulæque in­<lb/>cluditur. </s> <s>Funis autem tenuis, &longs;ed validior, <lb/>circumuoluitur cap&longs;ulæ, cuius extremum <lb/>axi rotæ latiori nectitur. </s> <s>Ita fit, vt dum <lb/>chalybs den&longs;itate nimia pre&longs;&longs;us tenditur, <lb/>cap&longs;ulam circumuoluat, quæ trahit funem: <lb/>inde axis &longs;en&longs;im circumuolutus, rota à qua <lb/>denticulis implicatis aliæ circumaguntur, <lb/>&longs;ecum agit. </s> <s>Sextum exemplum e&longs;t, quónam <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg21"></arrow.to.target><lb/>pacto quies ex impul&longs;u po&longs;&longs;it contingere. <lb/>Huius generis e&longs;t vrceus aqua plenus fi&longs;tu­<lb/>lam inanem habens: cùm enim fi&longs;tula ver­<lb/>titur inferiùs, aqua ip&longs;a pendere vide­<lb/>tur. </s> <s>Simili ratione lapides &longs;uper aquam <lb/>iacti re&longs;iliunt: & &longs;itula aqua plena cir­<lb/>cumuelociter acta, non effundit aquam: <lb/>quia cùm tempus de&longs;it aëris diui&longs;ioni, ne <pb pagenum="363"/>nimium comprimatur, aqua &longs;ub&longs;i&longs;tit. </s> <s>Ea­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg22"></arrow.to.target><lb/>dem ratione plumbea lamina lata aquæ &longs;u­<lb/>pernatat: nam de&longs;cendendo partes, quæ in <lb/>medio &longs;unt, non habentes, quò diffugiant, <lb/>nimium comprimerentur: vel &longs;i antè di­<lb/>labantur, vacuum relinqui in medio ne­<lb/>ce&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t: non pote&longs;t igitur vllo pacto de&longs;­<lb/>cendere, ni&longs;i ad vnam partem priùs incli­<lb/>netur. </s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg21"></margin.target>Situla aqua <lb/>plena <expan abbr="circũ-uoluta">circun­<lb/>uoluta</expan> cur <lb/>non effunda­<lb/>tur.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg22"></margin.target>Plumbea, la­<lb/>mina lata &longs;i <lb/>æqualiter <lb/>aqua in&longs;i­<lb/>&longs;tat, mergi <lb/>cur non po&longs;­<lb/>&longs;it.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Quòd igitur à raritate fiant hæc, & quo­<lb/>modo, o&longs;ten&longs;um e&longs;t. </s> <s>Operæpretium autem <lb/>erit, vt demon&longs;tremus, hos motus à vacuo <lb/>nulla ratione fieri po&longs;&longs;e. </s> <s>Hoc autem infrà per <lb/>exqui&longs;itas rationes declarabitur. </s> <s>Nunc autem <lb/>&longs;ufficiat tantum declara&longs;&longs;e &longs;en&longs;ibili quodam <lb/>experimento, quantum ad rationem in&longs;tru­<lb/>mentorum docendam &longs;ufficiat. </s> <s>Nam &longs;i fati&longs;­<lb/>cant rimis machinæ, iam nullus vacui metus <lb/>e&longs;t, & tamen trahunt, &longs;ed tantò debilius, & <lb/>maiore difficultate, quantò hiant magis. <lb/>Hócque fundamento machinæ omnes con­<lb/>&longs;tant, quæ alioquin ab indiui&longs;ibili quadam <lb/>ratione pendêrent, e&longs;&longs;étque ob id omnes &longs;ta­<lb/>tim inutiles, vel &longs;altem non diuturnæ. </s> <s>In non <lb/>exactis ergo operibus atque vetu&longs;tis manet <lb/>etiam v&longs;us: fru&longs;tatio verò pro erroris magni­<lb/>tudine. </s> <s>Attractio igitur à forma fit, quæ <expan abbr="dũ">dum</expan> <lb/>metuit aliam con&longs;equi raritatem, ne pereat, <lb/>quantum pote&longs;t, re&longs;i&longs;tit. </s> <s>O&longs;tendimut enim <lb/>&longs;uperiùs, mutata &longs;ub&longs;tantia atque den&longs;itate, <lb/>mutari quoque formam. </s> <s>Quòd &longs;i metu vacui <lb/>fieret attractio, qua&longs;i con&longs;entiente vniuer&longs;o, <lb/>e&longs;&longs;et hæc attractio infinita, &longs;ed non e&longs;t, ve­<lb/>rùm pro quantitate formæ, & elementi ac <lb/>in&longs;trumenti continentis. </s> <s>Nam canalis paruus <lb/>aquam modicam haurit, nec trahit plumbi <lb/>magnam molem. </s> <s>Indicio igitur hoc e&longs;t, à <lb/>forma fieri <expan abbr="hãc">hanc</expan> attractionem, & pro viribus <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg23"></arrow.to.target><lb/>eius atque magnitudine. </s> <s>E&longs;t & tertia conie­<lb/>ctura, quòd plana quæ non fati&longs;cunt, <expan abbr="attam&etilde;">attamen</expan> <lb/>di&longs;iunguntur. </s> <s>At hoc fieri nequiret, ni&longs;i ad­<lb/>mi&longs;&longs;o vacuo. </s> <s>Inter plana igitur quæcunque <lb/>dum clauduntur, aër intercipitur, qui vetat <lb/>plana di&longs;iungi quoad licet. </s> <s>Sed cum (vt dixi) <lb/>pro &longs;ui robore &longs;olùm impediat, maiore nixu <lb/>vincitur. </s> <s>Solùm illud obiicies, quòd à minore <lb/>aëre minùs hæc di&longs;iunctio impediretur, at <lb/>magis tamen impeditur. </s> <s>Vt enim magis pla­<lb/>na ad vnguem coierint, eò minùs aëris inter­<lb/>cipitur, & tamen eò difficilius diuelluntur. <lb/>Sed cau&longs;a e&longs;t, quia magis nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t aërem <lb/>illum à propria forma recedere, quò magis <lb/>rare&longs;cit. </s> <s><expan abbr="Cõ&longs;equitur">Con&longs;equitur</expan> enim, vt dictum e&longs;t, alia <lb/>&longs;ub&longs;tantia quædam, & noua generatio, quæ <lb/>vt à priore magis recedit, eò maiore labore <lb/><expan abbr="cõficitur">conficitur</expan>. </s> <s>At dices: Aëre rarefacto, quid aliud <lb/>pote&longs;t generari quàm ignis? </s> <s>Ignis autem ca­<lb/>lidi&longs;&longs;imus: at inter plana nulla e&longs;t manife&longs;ta <lb/>caliditas, imò frigus. </s> <s>Sed non e&longs;t ignis &longs;eu <lb/>æther calidus: hoc enim inferiùs declarabi­<lb/>tur. </s> <s>Quod enim humidum e&longs;t, &longs;i attenuetur, <lb/>non in ignem, &longs;ed in ætheris tran&longs;it natu­<lb/>ram: aër autem humidus, & æther minimè <lb/>calidus e&longs;t. </s> <s>Confe&longs;tim verò alio in ingredien­<lb/>te aëre, fit mixtio. </s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg23"></margin.target>Plana iun­<lb/>cta quomodo <lb/>di&longs;iungi po&longs;­<lb/>&longs;int.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Hæc &longs;atis &longs;int de his motibus duobus prio­<lb/>ribus, tum quiete, quæ ab eis fit, exempla, <lb/>cùm hîc non &longs;it præ&longs;entis in&longs;tituti de ma­<lb/>chinis loqui, &longs;ed in duodecimo libro de <expan abbr="Rerũ">Rerum</expan> <lb/>varietate. </s> <s>His ad vnguem tot exempla ex­<lb/>plica&longs;&longs;e &longs;ufficiat, quot etiam modos: &longs;ex enim <lb/>modis &longs;ena &longs;ufficiunt exempla. </s> <s>Ergo grauia <lb/>deor&longs;um moueri, leuia &longs;ursùm, palàm e&longs;t. <lb/>Sed &longs;uperaddunt quidam ne hoc contenti, <lb/>leuia grauibus velle &longs;upere&longs;&longs;e, vnde etiam <lb/>aër &longs;i &longs;ub aqua exi&longs;tat, quamvis in propria <lb/>regione, &longs;uperiùs tamen emergere nititur: vt <lb/>in vrceis manife&longs;tum e&longs;t, cum &longs;emipleni ver­<lb/>tuntur: & in ve&longs;ica aëre plena, quæ aquæ im­<lb/>mer&longs;a e&longs;t. </s> <s>Sed non e&longs;t hic motus alius à pri­<lb/>mo: nam aqua ip&longs;a cum &longs;it in &longs;ublimi, cona­<lb/>tur, de&longs;cendere, & ad illius de&longs;cen&longs;um aër ne <lb/>nimium con&longs;tringatur, a&longs;cendit. </s> <s>Sed in ve­<lb/>&longs;ica, quæ in flumine e&longs;t, cum aër &longs;it in loco <lb/>aquæ, a&longs;cendere nititur: igitur &longs;ufficiet vna <lb/>ratio motus in elementis ad locum &longs;num. <lb/>Quòd autem aqua ve&longs;icam impellat &longs;ursùm, <lb/>non aër a&longs;cendat, patet, quoniam ve&longs;ica &longs;ub <lb/>terra po&longs;ita non a&longs;cendit. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Quod verò dubitatione magis dignum e&longs;t, <lb/>id e&longs;t: Quomodo aqua tantùm a&longs;cendat, <lb/>quantùm de&longs;cendere pote&longs;t, dum à motu ra­<lb/>ritatis adiuuatur: id ip&longs;um plenius exemplo <lb/>patebit. <lb/><figure id="fig2"></figure><lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg24"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg24"></margin.target>Quomodo <lb/>aqua <expan abbr="tantũ">tantum</expan> <lb/>a&longs;cendat, <lb/>quantum <lb/>pote&longs;t de&longs;­<lb/>cendere.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Vas &longs;it aqua plenum, cuius &longs;upremum E, <lb/>imum F, in quo canalis A B C. </s> <s>Sit autem <lb/>CD, linea æqualiter à finitore di&longs;tans, &longs;ecun­<lb/>dùm quem libella ducitur. </s> <s>Impleatur autem <lb/>canalis ABC, aqua, & emittetur aqua per <lb/>C, dico, quòd exhauriet quicquid e&longs;t aquæ <lb/>&longs;upra C D, lineam: nihil autem eius quod <lb/>e&longs;t infra C D, lineam, &longs;ed canalis plenus <lb/>pendebit, & vas v&longs;que ad CD, aqua plenum <lb/>con&longs;picietur. </s> <s>Hoc itaque &longs;ic e&longs;&longs;e, declarat <lb/>exemplum. </s> <s>For&longs;an quis dicat, hæc ad aquæ <lb/>tractationem debui&longs;&longs;e transferri: &longs;ed non <lb/>oportuit, quandoquidem &longs;eu aqua, &longs;eu vino, <lb/>oleo, lactéve vas plenum fuerit, nihil inter­<lb/>&longs;it. </s> <s>Itaque huius experimenti potiùs ratio <lb/>reddenda e&longs;t. </s> <s>Aqua igitur quæ &longs;upra C D, <lb/>e&longs;t, quum tanta ad vnguem &longs;it, quæ a&longs;cendit, <lb/>quanta e&longs;t illa, quæ ex C, effunditur, &longs;eu ca­<lb/>nalis latior &longs;it in C, quàm in A, &longs;eu arctior, <lb/>quia &longs;emper totus canalis ad vnguem ple­<lb/>nus e&longs;t, leuior e&longs;t aqua, quæ effunditur <lb/>per C. </s> <s>Quòd verò leuior &longs;it aqua in parte <lb/>&longs;upra C D, quàm in C, cau&longs;a e&longs;t, quia <lb/>aqua &longs;upra C D, de&longs;cendere appetit, vt &longs;it <lb/>inferior illa, quæ e&longs;t in C, igitur compri­<lb/>mit aquam, & in canalem impellit. </s> <s>Quæ <lb/>autem e&longs;t infra C D, non appetit e&longs;&longs;e in C, <lb/>altiùs e&longs;t loco eius, ideo non vult a&longs;cende­<lb/>re. </s> <s>Sed aqua, quæ effluit ex C, non præ­<lb/>bet con&longs;iderandi cau&longs;am, cùm tamen &longs;it hu­<lb/>milior ip&longs;a aqua, quæ in va&longs;e continetur: <lb/>quia attractio illa non fit, ni&longs;i continuita­<lb/>tis ratione: continuitas pendet ex ratione ra­<lb/>ritatis, quæ nulla e&longs;&longs;e pote&longs;t, aqua iam <lb/>egrediente os canalis C. </s> <s>Denique tota hæc <lb/>contemplatio ab&longs;oluitur hoc argumento, <pb pagenum="364"/>quòd aqua, quæ debet trahere aliam aquam <lb/>&longs;ecum, oportet vt va&longs;e contineatur, quoniam <lb/>&longs;ine illo conuelli nequit, &longs;ed ab aëre iuuatur <lb/>adueniente, & vt corpus continuum ad &ecedil;qui­<lb/>librium perueniat. </s> <s>Cùm igitur humilius e&longs;t <lb/>o&longs;culum C, ad illud perueniet: tùm autem <lb/>&longs;ublimius, non de&longs;cendet: quia quæ è directo <lb/>e&longs;t loci inferioris, vt in A, a&longs;cendere cogetur <lb/>ad C, quod e&longs;t in directo D. </s> <s>Si autem aqua <lb/>de&longs;cendat primò, deinde a&longs;cendat, vt in figu­<lb/>ra &longs;equente, ex A, in B, inde in E, & po&longs;tmo­</s></p><p type="main"> <s><arrow.to.target n="marg25"></arrow.to.target><lb/><figure id="fig3"></figure><lb/>dum in C, & in D: tunc peruenire poterit, &longs;i <lb/>D, minùs di&longs;tet à linea B C, quàm A, locus, <lb/>ex quo de&longs;cendit. </s> <s>Sed oportet in &longs;ingulis &longs;pa­<lb/>tiis certam e&longs;&longs;e differentiam altitudinis A, & <lb/>D. </s> <s>Quantò enim lengior via fuerit, eò maior <lb/>differentia A, & D, iuxta altitudinis men&longs;u­<lb/>ram e&longs;&longs;e debet. </s> <s>Hinc errores quorundam, qui <lb/>ad libramentum, quum conati e&longs;&longs;ent aquas <lb/>deducere, maximas iacturas impen&longs;arum &longs;u&longs;­<lb/>ceperunt. </s> <s>In &longs;ingulis igitur millibus pa&longs;&longs;uum, <lb/>A, altius palmo e&longs;&longs;e debet quàm D, vt in de­<lb/>cem millibus pa&longs;&longs;uum decem palmis. </s> <s>Cau&longs;a <lb/>huius e&longs;t, aqu&ecedil; rotunditas euidens, quæ etiam <lb/>in vrceorum &longs;uperficie apparet. </s> <s>Vnde ad li­<lb/>bramentum licet A, &longs;it altius quàm D, non <lb/>tamen erit altius quandoque loco medio in­<lb/>ter A & D. </s> <s>Indiget etiam impetu quodam. <lb/>Sed hæc nunc præter intentum qua&longs;i &longs;unt: <lb/>voluit tamen ob magnitudinem periculi, & <lb/>erroris frequentiam, hæc &longs;ubieci&longs;&longs;e. </s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg25"></margin.target>Ratio <expan abbr="duc&etilde;-dæ">ducen­<lb/>dæ</expan> aquæ.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Sed iam ad elementorum motum &longs;impli­<lb/>cem veniamus exemplis explicandum. </s> <s>Igitur <lb/>grauis motus exemplum præbent ponderum <lb/>horologia, quæ &longs;en&longs;im trahendo rotas ver­<lb/>tunt. </s> <s>Huiu&longs;ce autem generis infinita facilè <lb/>e&longs;&longs;et inuenire exempla. </s> <s>At motus leuis hoc <lb/>vnum &longs;ubiiciatur exemplum. <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg26"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg26"></margin.target>Modus quo <lb/>naues demer­<lb/>&longs;æ gurgitibus <lb/><expan abbr="recuperãtur">recuperantur</expan>.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Cùm naues freto merguntur, quas eruere <lb/>con&longs;ilium e&longs;t, cymbæ onu&longs;tæ &longs;axis per funes <lb/>alligantur nauigio ab vrinatoribus, &longs;ic vt <lb/>funes quantum fieri pote&longs;t, tendatur, inde <lb/>totidem cymbis vacuis lapides ex prioribus <lb/>detracti excipiuntur: quo fit vt alleuatæ <lb/>cymbæ nauigium paululùm ex profundo &longs;e­<lb/>cum trahant. </s> <s>Nam aër cymbas, quæ pondere <lb/>lapidum fermè mergebantur, cùm aquæ &longs;ub­<lb/>e&longs;&longs;e nolit, in &longs;uperficiem aquæ attollit, vnde <lb/>nauigium fermè pro cymbæ altitudine &longs;upe­<lb/>riùs trahitur. </s> <s>Trahatur igitur ex A, in B, tunc <lb/>cymbæ, quæ plenæ &longs;unt lapidibus illi anne­<lb/>ctantur funibus, transfu&longs;i&longs;que lapidibus na­<lb/>nigium trahetur in C. </s> <s>Rur&longs;us priores cym­<lb/>bæ, in quas lapides transfudi&longs;ti, nectuntur <lb/>ten&longs;is funibus nauigio in C, trahéntque de­<lb/>ductis lapidibus ip&longs;um in D, atque perpetua <lb/>tran&longs;mutatione ad aquæ &longs;uperficiem tandem <lb/>deducetur. </s> <s>Sed dices, plurimis cymbis opus <lb/>erit ad triremem educendam. </s> <s>Verum e&longs;t, &longs;ed <lb/>ratio &longs;ic con&longs;tat: quælibet nauis aut cymba <lb/>tantùm ferre pote&longs;t ponderis, quantum e&longs;t <lb/>pondus aquæ, quam continere pote&longs;t. </s> <s>Velut <lb/>&longs;i triremis capiat in flumine mille amphoras <lb/>aquæ, quarum pondus &longs;it decem millium ta­<lb/>lentorum, triremis illa in flumine decem <lb/>millia talenta feret. </s> <s>Quòd &longs;i eadem in mari <lb/>capiat ( vt dixi ) ea&longs;dem mille amphoras, <lb/>quarum pondus &longs;it duodecim millium talen­<lb/>torum (nam aqua maris grauior e&longs;t aqua flu­<lb/>minis ) eadem in mari duodecim millia ta­<lb/>lenta ponderis feret. </s> <s>Atque ea ratione mani­<lb/><figure id="fig4"></figure><lb/>fe&longs;tum e&longs;t, cur nauigia appellare &longs;oleamus à <lb/>men&longs;ura, vt nauem mille, vel quingentarum <lb/>amphorarum: idem enim e&longs;t ac &longs;i dicas, quæ <lb/>ferre pote&longs;t mille aut quingenta ponderis ta­<lb/>lenta. </s> <s>Nam qualis e&longs;t capacitas, vt dixi, nauis <lb/>ratione aquæ, tantùm e&longs;t pondus, quod ferre <lb/>pote&longs;t, &longs;cilicet quantum e&longs;t pondus aquæ <lb/>quam capit. </s> <s>Manife&longs;tum e&longs;t igitur ex hoc, <lb/>quòd diuer&longs;a pondera eadem nauis in diuer­<lb/>&longs;is aquis feret, quoniam & aquarum ip&longs;arum <lb/>diuer&longs;a &longs;unt pondera. </s> <s>Iuxta verò hanc ratio­<lb/>nem liquet ponderis magnitudinem e&longs;&longs;e pro <lb/>ratione impellentis aquæ. </s> <s>Nam &longs;i ( vt gratia <lb/>exempli dicam) cymba viginti amphoras &longs;u­<lb/>&longs;tinet, hoc e&longs;t, quia aër inclu&longs;us ab aquæ am­<lb/>phoris viginti &longs;uperiùs impellitur, vt aqua <lb/>illa &longs;cilicet, quæ in naui contineretur, locum <lb/>&longs;uum recipiat. </s> <s>Bellè igitur conuenit hoc ex­<lb/>perimentum cum ratione, quæ &longs;uperiùs dicta <lb/>e&longs;t, &longs;cilicet ve&longs;icam aëre plenam ab aqua &longs;ur­<lb/>sùm pelli, quòd ve&longs;ica aquæ locum occupet: <lb/>quare pondus pro magnitudine aquæ, quam <lb/>ve&longs;ica continere pote&longs;t, in aëre &longs;u&longs;tinebit: id <lb/>e&longs;t, ita ve&longs;icæ pondere &longs;uperimpo&longs;ito, vt ip­<lb/>&longs;um pondus totum in aëre &longs;it, non in aqua. <lb/>Verùm pondus, quod in aqua e&longs;t ( vt ad na­</s></p><p type="main"> <s><arrow.to.target n="marg27"></arrow.to.target><lb/>uigium eruendum rur&longs;us veniam ) tantò le­<lb/>uius redditur, quantò aqua ip&longs;a grauior ex­<lb/>titerit: vnde paucioribus cymbis opus erit, <lb/>quàm quæ pondus demer&longs;i nauigij ferre po&longs;­<lb/>&longs;ent. </s> <s>Duplici verò ratione nauigia ex gra­<lb/>uioribus aquis faciliùs extrahuntur, quàm <pb pagenum="365"/>ex leuioribus: atque ideò ex mari, quàm ex <lb/>fluminibus, vel lacubus. </s> <s>Altera quòd cymbæ <lb/>in mari plus &longs;u&longs;tinent ponderis: reliqua, quòd <lb/>nauigium in ea aqua minùs graue e&longs;t. </s> <s>Opor­<lb/>tet <expan abbr="hãc">hanc</expan> <expan abbr="aut&etilde;">autem</expan> ob cau&longs;am animaduertere, cùm, <lb/>vt dictum e&longs;t, nauigium grauius reddatur in <lb/>aquæ &longs;uperficie <emph type="italics"/>(<emph.end type="italics"/> quia partim e&longs;t in aëre) <lb/>quàm in imo, vt quantò magis eleuatur à <lb/>cymbis, eò plures ac maiores cymbæ alligen­<lb/>tur, ne decepti hac ratione non &longs;olùm denuò <lb/>mergatur, &longs;ed & impetu adiecto omnes <expan abbr="&longs;ecũ">&longs;ecum</expan> <lb/>cymbas in profundum trahat. </s> <s>Dubitabit au­<lb/>tem aliquis, cur exoneratis cymbis B, imple­<lb/>tis autem aliis, per A, &longs;ignificantur, non de&longs;­<lb/>cendat nauis, quæ eleuata fuit ab A, cymbis <lb/>vacuis? </s> <s>Non enim plenæ po&longs;&longs;unt &longs;u&longs;tinere <lb/>pondus. </s> <s>Cau&longs;a e&longs;t, quia factis iam funibus <lb/>æqualibus cymbarum A, & B, cùm iam va­<lb/>cuum &longs;eu inane, vel aër, qui in cymbis con­<lb/>tinetur potentior &longs;it nauis pondere, plus tra­<lb/>het inane cymbarum B, quàm remittet gra­<lb/>uitas aucti poderis cymbarum A. </s> <s>Itaque hac <lb/>ratione perpetuò nauis a&longs;cendet: hoc dunta­<lb/>xat ob&longs;eruato, vt plenarum cymbarum funes <lb/>eò &longs;int vacuarum cymbarum funibus breuio­<lb/>res, quantò pondus lapidum eas cymbas de­<lb/>primit. </s> <s>Sed de &longs;implici leuis motu &longs;ur&longs;um &longs;a­<lb/>tis, nunc de motu, qui ex graui & leui com­<lb/>ponitur, dicendum erit. </s> <s>Pro cuius exemplo <lb/>mirificè &longs;e offert Heronis machina, quam <lb/>nos &longs;æpè tractauimus. </s> <s>Ea &longs;ic &longs;e habet: A, la­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg28"></arrow.to.target><lb/><figure id="fig5"></figure><lb/>brum aqua plenum: &longs;ub quo vas B, & ip&longs;um <lb/>aqua plenum, &longs;it iunctum A, vt ex altero in <lb/>alterum aqua permeare non po&longs;&longs;it. </s> <s>Sub B, vas <lb/>aliud, quod vocetur C, inane. </s> <s>Fi&longs;tula D, fera­<lb/>tur ex B, in C, cuius &longs;ummum os fermè ad <lb/>labrum perueniat. </s> <s>Fi&longs;tula alia E, quæ &longs;uper <lb/>labrum non parùm a&longs;cendat, & in&longs;erta labro, <lb/>in medio penetret v&longs;que ad imum primi va­<lb/>&longs;is, non tamen ip&longs;i imo iungatur. </s> <s>Alia fi&longs;tula <lb/>F, cuius &longs;upremum in imo labri o&longs;culum <expan abbr="&longs;itũ">&longs;itum</expan> <lb/>&longs;it, inferiùs os in ip&longs;o &longs;epto inter duo va&longs;a fi­<lb/>niatur, ita <expan abbr="tam&etilde;">tamen</expan> vt aqua ex labro per &longs;uperius <lb/>os in vas C, deferatur. </s> <s>Tunc verò videmus <lb/><expan abbr="aquã">aquam</expan>, qu&ecedil; e&longs;t in B, va&longs;e, per E, fi&longs;tulam emitti, <lb/>ac eò donec finiatur labri aqua v&longs;que per&longs;e­<lb/>uerare. </s> <s>Id quomodo fiat ex duobus motibus <lb/>compo&longs;itis demon&longs;trandum. </s> <s>Aqua de&longs;cen­<lb/>dens per F, fi&longs;tulam, cùm aër in C, non po&longs;&longs;it <lb/>&longs;ub&longs;i&longs;tere, a&longs;cendit per D, fi&longs;tulam in vas B, <lb/>&longs;uperiùs. </s> <s>At verò cum ibi locus aqua plenus <lb/>&longs;it, cogitur aqua a&longs;cendere per E, fi&longs;tulam <lb/>pre&longs;&longs;a ab aëre, atque &longs;ic effunditur. </s> <s>Manife­<lb/>&longs;tum e&longs;t igitur hîc duos e&longs;&longs;e motus: vnum &longs;e­<lb/>cundum naturam aquæ de&longs;cendentis ex labro <lb/>in C, vas per F, fi&longs;tulam, alterum aëris a&longs;cen­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg29"></arrow.to.target><lb/>dentis ex va&longs;e C, in vas B, quod <emph type="italics"/>(<emph.end type="italics"/>vt dictum <lb/>e&longs;t) ab aqua &longs;ursùm impellatur. </s> <s>Ab his igitur <lb/>duobus motibus naturalibus violentius im­<lb/>petus fit quo aqua ex va&longs;e B, per fi&longs;tulam <lb/>a&longs;cendit. </s> <s>Verùm motus grauis dum repetit <lb/>alternatim folles mouet, aut alias machinas, <lb/>quòd in machina Cte&longs;ibica demon&longs;trare <lb/>oportunum erat, vt emboli ma&longs;culi vici&longs;&longs;im <lb/>in modiolis a&longs;cendere, de&longs;cenderétque po&longs;­<lb/>&longs;ent. </s> <s>Id autem &longs;ic fit: Rota cum pinnis iux­<lb/>ta aquæ delabentis ca&longs;um ( vt &longs;olet fieri) &longs;ta­<lb/>tuatur, vt ex aquæ perpetuo defluxu &longs;uper <lb/>pinnas rota circumuoluatur, in qua &longs;it axis <lb/>A, quem palàm e&longs;t nece&longs;&longs;e fore, vt & ip&longs;e <lb/>circumagatur. </s> <s>Rotæ de&longs;criptionem, vt rem <lb/>noti&longs;&longs;imam ac in molis omnibus con&longs;pi­<lb/>cuam, prætermitto. </s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg27"></margin.target>Nauigia fa­<lb/>ciliùs ex ma­<lb/>ri, extrahi, <lb/>quàm flumi­<lb/>nibus vel la­<lb/>cubus.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg28"></margin.target>Machina <lb/>Heronis.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg29"></margin.target>De motu al­<lb/>lernante.</s></p><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Trabs &longs;uperiacens tignis atque inclu&longs;a fo­<lb/>raminibus rotundis vocetur B, ita vt mobilis <lb/>&longs;it, ac vt in cardinibus circumuolui po&longs;&longs;it. <lb/>Iuxta huius extremum E, annulus infixus, cui <lb/>alter annulus cum ferrea virga F: hæ rur&longs;us <lb/>in annulum finiatur, quem excipiat alter an­<lb/>nulus G, virga H, annexus: in extrtmo H, an­<lb/>nulus iunctus e&longs;t, qui vnco ita annectitur in <lb/>&longs;ummitate axis A, vt &longs;ecum moueatur, &longs;ed <lb/>redeunte axe, redit & annulus ad pri&longs;tinum <lb/>locum ac &longs;itum. </s> <s>Ex altera trabis parte duo <lb/>annuli ex aduer&longs;o collocantur C, & D. </s> <s>Licet <lb/>& bis duos & tria paria &longs;ic ex aduer&longs;o collo­<lb/>care. </s> <s>Si igitur emboli aut folles alter C, fune <lb/>iungatur, alter D, circumuoluto axe, trahitur <lb/>primum trabs ver&longs;us D, túncque eleuatur <lb/>follium alter ex C, altero cadente D. </s> <s>Quum <lb/>verò rota dimidium axis circumuertit, annu­<lb/>lus in imo H, redit ad locum &longs;uperiorem & <lb/>impellit E, propter virgas, & trabs flectitur <lb/>ver&longs;us C, atque &longs;ic mutata vice folles mo­<lb/>uentur. </s> <s>Nutat enim trabs dextra ac &longs;ini&longs;tra <lb/>vici&longs;&longs;im, &longs;ed non circumuoluitur. </s> <s>Ergo licet <lb/>multa paria follium annulis multis in trabe <lb/>ex aduer&longs;o collocatis mouere, &longs;ed robu&longs;ta vi <lb/>aquæ opus e&longs;t. </s> <s>Licet & eidem axi alteram <lb/>trabem, quod fabri facere &longs;olent à &longs;ini&longs;tra <lb/>iungere, <expan abbr="atq;">atque</expan> &longs;ic numerus <expan abbr="folliũ">follium</expan> duplicabitur. <lb/>Nec alio opus e&longs;t auxilio, aliáve <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> quæ in <lb/>vno patefacta e&longs;t indu&longs;tria, &longs;ed &longs;ola maiore vi. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Sed motuum tran&longs;latio, quæ &longs;olet in v&longs;u <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e, tùm in molendinis, tum horologiis, <lb/>quamvis vulgata, tamen &longs;ubtiliori con&longs;tat <lb/>ratione. <lb/><figure id="fig6"></figure><lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg30"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg30"></margin.target>Motuum <lb/>tra&longs;latio.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Sit igitur rota AB, quæ circumagi po&longs;&longs;it <pb pagenum="366"/>alia rota cum paxillis, vt in molendinis fieri <lb/>&longs;olet aut manubrio C, dentes verò in eius <lb/>exteriore &longs;uperficie re&longs;picientes cylindrum <lb/>&longs;eu columnam FG, erectam ad perpendicu­<lb/>lum plani F H. </s> <s>In quo plano etiam rota &longs;u­<lb/>per&longs;tans fixum habet palum, cui axis infi­<lb/>gigitur. </s> <s>In FG, autem columna, DE, cur­<lb/>riculum dentatum e&longs;t. </s> <s>Itaque quum rota <lb/>A B, circumuertitur &longs;uper axe CK, motu <lb/>ex A, in B, &longs;eu A, &longs;ur&longs;um deor&longs;um, F G, <lb/>cylindrus circumuertitur ex D E, ver&longs;us <lb/>K, &longs;eu ex dextro in &longs;ini&longs;trum, quare con­<lb/>tingit tran&longs;latio motus, quæ erit eò velo­<lb/>cior, quò numerus dentium A B, rotæ, <lb/>plures continebit dentes circuli D E. </s> <s>His <lb/>autem vtemur ad machinæ Augu&longs;tanæ in­<lb/>tellectum. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>His modò vi&longs;is, po&longs;tquam &longs;ermonem de <lb/>motibus omnibus generalibus fermè ab&longs;ol­<lb/>uimus, quarto exemplo in libramento aqua­<lb/>rum declarato, Heronis autem machina in <lb/>compo&longs;itis elementorum motibus &longs;atisfa­<lb/>ciente, vt in vniuer&longs;um pro decem modis <lb/>decem exempla &longs;ubiecerim, colligere illa in <lb/>vnum breuiter operæ pretium erit. </s> <s>Quieti <lb/>ob raritatem lucernæ exemplum appo&longs;ui­<lb/>mus. </s> <s>Motui à raritate fi&longs;tulam in va&longs;e col­<lb/>locatam, vbi de aquæ de&longs;cen&longs;u egimus. <lb/>Quieti ob den&longs;itatem plumbi laminam, tum <lb/>coria &longs;uper aquam &longs;par&longs;a. </s> <s>Motui ob den&longs;i­<lb/>tatem impul&longs;um bellicarum machinarum. <lb/>Motui attractionis ob raritatem, & impul­<lb/>&longs;us ob den&longs;itatem, in Cte&longs;ibica machina. <lb/>Vtriu&longs;que verò motus, tum etiam quietis <lb/>ob raritatem, Brambilica machina exem­<lb/>plum erit. </s> <s>Motus leuis elementi, nauigij re­<lb/>cuperationem: grauis verò, &longs;implicis horo­<lb/>logiorum motum &longs;ubiecimus. </s> <s>Grauis, &longs;ed <lb/>&longs;æpiùs repetiti, follium alternam iactatio­<lb/>nem. </s> <s>Grauis ac leuis &longs;imul ad vnum finem <lb/>tendentium, Heronis machinam. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Ergo &longs;ic poterat videri tractatio hæc ab­<lb/>&longs;oluta: &longs;ed non omnia &longs;ump&longs;imus genera. <lb/>Decem enim hæc exempla duobus conti­<lb/>nentur generibus: altero, quòd vnum tan­<lb/>tùm habet motorem, vt Heronis machina: <lb/>reliquo, quod duos, &longs;ed diuer&longs;os habet mo­<lb/>tores, vt Brambilica. </s> <s>Supere&longs;t tertium ge­<lb/>nus, in quo illæ continentur machinæ, quæ <lb/>plures habent motores, &longs;ed non diuer&longs;os: <lb/>quod quidem videtur e&longs;&longs;e nobili&longs;&longs;imum, quia <lb/>motui principali, &longs;eu <foreign lang="greek">au)tokine/tw|</foreign> magis a&longs;&longs;i­<lb/>milatur. </s> <s>Contingit is motus, quum aqua, <lb/>gratia exempli, rotam, qua aqua effunditur </s></p><p type="main"> <s><arrow.to.target n="marg31"></arrow.to.target><lb/>vertetit. </s> <s>Atque hoc in genere primum e&longs;t <lb/>Archimedis inuentum Cochlea appellata, <lb/>cuius meminit Diodorus Siculus in antiqua <lb/>hi&longs;toria bis, dicens Ægyptum &longs;iccatam <lb/>beneficio cochleæ ab Archimede inuentæ. <lb/>Quod &longs;i ita e&longs;t, cùm Archimedes &longs;ecundi <lb/>belli Punici temporibus floruerit, ne&longs;cio <lb/>quo pacto antiquo tempore bene potuerit <lb/>Ægyptus habitari. </s> <s>Vtcunque tamen res &longs;e <lb/>habeat, in&longs;trumentum id nobili&longs;&longs;imum pro­<lb/>culdubio e&longs;t, atque tali artifice haud indi­<lb/>gnum. </s> <s>Meminit huius Vitruuius in fine &longs;ui <lb/>operis. </s> <s>Sed Galeaz de Rubeis ciuis no&longs;ter, <lb/>fabérque ferrarius, cuius infrà mentionem <lb/>facturi &longs;umus, cùm iam olim inuentam ip­<lb/>&longs;e, qua&longs;i primus auctor exi&longs;timaret reperi&longs;&longs;e, <lb/>præ lætitia in&longs;aniuit. </s> <s>Vidimus illum ver&longs;an­<lb/>tem tru&longs;atilem machinam, ac paulò pò&longs;t <lb/>mente excu&longs;&longs;um. </s> <s>Erat autem machina <lb/>talis: </s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg31"></margin.target>Coclhea Ar­<lb/>chimedis.</s></p><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Lignum A H, &longs;olidum, rectum, rotun­<lb/>dum, æqualéque, ac tam longum vt incli­<lb/>natum ad &longs;uper&longs;iciem aquæ, infixúmque <lb/>alueo quantum opus e&longs;t, &longs;upraip&longs;am aquam <lb/>promineat, canali ( vt vides ) metallico <lb/>&longs;implici, ad cochleæ imaginem fabricato, <lb/>circumtegatur. </s> <s>Sunt qui multiplici vtantur: <lb/>tres mihi nece&longs;&longs;arij e&longs;&longs;e videntur, quique <lb/>adeò &longs;en&longs;im a&longs;cendant, vt omnia &longs;patia com­<lb/>pleantur. </s> <s>Duo ora habet canalis, inferius <lb/>quidem latius, angu&longs;tius quod &longs;uperius e&longs;t. <lb/>Vocetur autem illud K. </s> <s>Demon&longs;trandum <lb/>e&longs;t igitur, quòd vbi terminis A & H ti­<lb/>gnum claudatur, ita vt circumuerti po&longs;&longs;it, <lb/>quod motu aquæ circumuertetur. </s> <s>Secundò, <lb/>quòd vbi circumagatur aqua a&longs;cendet, ef­<lb/>fundeturque per K. </s> <s>Nam pinnæ quæ additæ <lb/>&longs;unt B C D E F G, &longs;eu inter &longs;patia alter­<lb/>utrinque, &longs;eu in coniunctionibus tigni cum <lb/>canali, occurrentes aquæ, nece&longs;&longs;ariò ver­<lb/>tent illud in&longs;trumentum: quia augeri po&longs;&longs;unt <lb/>longitudine ac latitudine: pondus verò AH, <lb/>paruum e&longs;t, & longè minus etiam factum <lb/>ob inclinationem, & axes in annulis po&longs;i­<lb/>tos, ita vt circumagi po&longs;&longs;int. </s> <s>O&longs;tendunt id <lb/>etiam molæ in fluminibus Pado atque Tici­<lb/>no, vbi quanquam leni&longs;&longs;imè fluant aquæ, <lb/>hoc tamen ingenio lapides molares circum­<lb/>acti terunt, ac molunt triticum. </s> <s>Sed quòd <lb/>aqua ip&longs;a a&longs;cendat ex L, in K, patet: quum <lb/>enim L, eleuatur, pars quæ &longs;uccedit fit humi­<lb/>lior, igitur aqua de&longs;cendet, qua a&longs;cendente <lb/>iterum pars &longs;uccedens de&longs;cendit: eadémque <lb/>ratio &longs;emper o&longs;tendit <expan abbr="aquã">aquam</expan> ver&longs;us K, tendere: <lb/>hócque experimento pulcherrimè congruit, <lb/>& nos non &longs;emel periculum de hoc fecimus. <lb/>Conuer&longs;o igitur axe &longs;eu tigno in fœmineis <lb/>cardinibus A, & H, in quibus intruditur, <lb/>donec aqua canalis impletus fuerit, effun­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg32"></arrow.to.target><lb/>deretur per K, &longs;uper planum ripæ. </s> <s>Ex quo <lb/>non videtur hæc ratio concludere, aqua <lb/>perpetuò de&longs;cendit, igitur in fine erit in hu­<lb/>miliore loco, quàm in initio. </s> <s>Sed tamen non <lb/>&longs;emper de&longs;cendit, verùm pars quæ de&longs;cen­<lb/>dit maior, impellit minorem, cogitque a&longs;­<lb/>cendere. </s> <s>At cùm effundi cœperit, tunc tam <lb/>machina faciliùs vertetur, & aqua qua&longs;i <lb/>&longs;ponte effluet, propter ea, quæ de aquæ de&longs;­<lb/>cen&longs;u iam demon&longs;trauimus. </s> <s>Sunt qui canali <lb/>tabulas affigant, nectántque omnia &longs;imul, <lb/>vt machina robu&longs;tior ac firmior euadat, pa­<lb/>xillos tabulis, non tigno, ob commodita­<lb/>tem maiorem in&longs;erentes. </s> <s>Dubitabit autem <lb/>meritò aliquis, cur a&longs;cendente parte canalis <lb/>iuxta B, cùm tam L, quàm C, de&longs;cendant, <lb/>aqua non non redeat in L, & rur&longs;us effun­<lb/>datur ( nam L, humilior e&longs;t quàm C, ) & <lb/>ex eadem parte. </s> <s>Duplex huius ratio e&longs;t: al­<lb/>tera, quòd aqua quæ e&longs;t in B, impellitur <pb pagenum="367"/>ab ea, quæ e&longs;t e&longs;t in L, ideo tran&longs;it ad C, <lb/>& non redit: reliqua Geometrica, o&longs;tendens <lb/>partem mediam inter L, & B, in conuer­<lb/>&longs;ione altiorem e&longs;&longs;e, quàm &longs;it pars media in­<lb/>ter B, & O. </s> <s>Indicio etiam e&longs;t, quòd plum­<lb/>bea &longs;phærula impo&longs;ita, cùm à nulla alia re <lb/>prematur, a&longs;cendit tamen in K. </s> <s>Et demon­<lb/>&longs;tratio hæc e&longs;t: Sit tignum A B, in plano <lb/>A C, eleuatio partis A D, tigni &longs;it D C, <lb/>eius partis cochleæ pars corre&longs;pondens AE, <lb/>& altitudo DE, &longs;it gratia exempli &longs;e&longs;quial­<lb/>tera DC, & ducatur recta AE, erunt igitur <lb/>omnes lineæ inter A D, & A C, minores <lb/>lineis è directo con&longs;titutis inter AD, & AE, <lb/>ex demon&longs;tratis in &longs;exto elementorum Eu­<lb/>clidis: <lb/><figure id="fig7"></figure><lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg33"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg32"></margin.target>Aliquid per­<lb/>petuò <expan abbr="de&longs;c&etilde;-dit">de&longs;cen­<lb/>dit</expan>, quod in <lb/>fine erit al­<lb/>tius.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg33"></margin.target>Demon&longs;tratio <lb/>o&longs;tendens <lb/>quod cochlea <lb/>ver&longs;a graue <lb/>a&longs;cendit.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Circumuertatur igitur AB, ita vt quando <lb/>E, erit in humillimo loco, pondus rotun­<lb/>dum in A, po&longs;itum &longs;it in directo D. </s> <s>Quia <lb/>igitur D E, longior e&longs;t D C, igitur &longs;i E, <lb/>erit in oppo&longs;ito &longs;ui loci, erit infrà C: &longs;ed <lb/>C, e&longs;t in directo A, igitur pondus erit in­<lb/>feriùs quàm ab initio: &longs;ed omnes lineæ &longs;er­<lb/>uant eandem rationem, & &longs;unt longiores <lb/>etiam in circumferentia A E, quàm in re­<lb/>cta A E, à linea A D, quia pars e&longs;t minor <lb/>toto: igitur conuer&longs;o A B, pondus de&longs;cen­<lb/>det in AE. </s> <s>Sed omne graue liberum in mo­<lb/>tu de&longs;cendit, igitur pondus perueniet ad E. <lb/>Sed quum erit in E, circumactum de&longs;cen­<lb/>det ver&longs;us F, non ver&longs;us A, tum ob impe­<lb/>tum, tum quia pars quæ e&longs;t inter A, & E, <lb/>a&longs;cendit, nam in priore motu de&longs;cenderat: <lb/>pars autem E F, adhuc de&longs;cendit, igitur <lb/>pondus perueniet ex H, in A, quare ex A, in <lb/>B, multis conuer&longs;ionibus eadem ratione fa­<lb/>ctis. </s> <s>Facilè autem ligula circumdata calamo <lb/>hoc, quod tibi perdifficile for&longs;an videtur, ex­<lb/>perieris. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Sed ad rem reuertor. </s> <s>Cochlea quam Vi­<lb/>truuius docet, alieno indiget auxilio, hæc <lb/>autem no&longs;tra &longs;eip&longs;am circunducit: &longs;ed eò <lb/>faciliùs, quò &longs;piræ canalis frequentiores <lb/>fuerint, & machina mollius a&longs;cenderit. </s> <s>Quò <lb/>verò faciliùs circumagetur, eò &longs;erius: hoc <lb/>enim fermè generale e&longs;t in omnibus machi­<lb/>nis. </s> <s>Ita contrariis rationibus celeriter aquam <lb/>tran&longs;mittet, &longs;ed difficiliùs reuertetur. </s> <s>Por­<lb/>rò difficultas facit vt machinæ magis atte­<lb/>rantur, & aquarum multitudine ac impetu <lb/>indigeamus. </s> <s>Verùm celeritatem cum diffi­<lb/>culate eligemus, vbi torrens fuerit, & ripa­<lb/>rum altitudo immodica. </s> <s>Nam &longs;i in&longs;trumen­<lb/>ti a&longs;cen&longs;us mollis fuerit, reddetur in&longs;trumen­<lb/>tum ob longitudinem graui&longs;&longs;imum. </s> <s>Eadem <lb/>in magnitudine & prauitate ratio. </s> <s>Nam par­<lb/>uum facilè circumagitur, &longs;ed &longs;erò irrigat. <lb/>V&longs;us eius vbi modica terra e&longs;t irriganda, & <lb/>flumen profundum, & leniter currit, & ripæ <lb/>altiores. </s> <s>In contrariis cau&longs;is magnis vtemur <lb/>machinis. </s></p><p type="main"> <s><arrow.to.target n="marg34"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg34"></margin.target>Machina <lb/>Augu&longs;tana.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>E&longs;t & alius machinæ modus ( vt intelli­<lb/>go ) Augu&longs;tæ, qui tamen &longs;ub hoc genere <lb/>comprehenditur. </s> <s>Columna ver&longs;atilis A B, <lb/>rota cum paxillis vertitur à flumine, iuxta <lb/><figure id="fig8"></figure><lb/>rationem à nobis &longs;uperiùs declaratam, dum <lb/>de motuum tran&longs;latione ageremus. </s> <s>In ea <lb/>curriculi pro numero cochlearum, gratia <lb/>exempli, CDEFGHK, & cochleæ pro nu­<lb/>mero va&longs;orum, & va&longs;a pro altitudine: va&longs;a <lb/>autem LMNOPQR, fixa in columna ST. <lb/>Ver&longs;a A B, vertuntur in curriculis cochleæ <lb/>omnes, quarum infima C, haurit aquam <lb/>ex &longs;ubiecto flumine, & transfundit eam in <lb/>vas L, à quo haurit cochlea D, transfun­<lb/>dens aquam in vas M, atque ita vno motu <lb/>columnæ A B, C in L, D in M, E in N, <lb/>F in O, G in P, H in Q, K in R, aquam <lb/>fundunt, haurientes è &longs;ubiectis va&longs;is. </s> <s>R, au­<lb/>tem transfert aquam per os V, in locum de­<lb/>&longs;tinatum. </s> <s>Contingit rur&longs;us dubitatio: quia <lb/>cochleæ ore &longs;uperiore a&longs;cendente, aquam <lb/>mittere haud debent. </s> <s>Quamobrem primam <lb/>triplicem fecimus. </s> <s>Sed videntur &longs;ub&longs;ultem <lb/>effundere dum a&longs;cendunt: quia ( vt demon­<lb/>&longs;tratum e&longs;t) partes de&longs;cendunt, & aqua tota <lb/>de&longs;cendit, quam ob cau&longs;am compre&longs;&longs;a exi­<lb/>lit: &longs;ed non quemadmodum ore cochleæ <lb/>de&longs;cendente, &longs;ed pluribus circa eundem axem <lb/>cochleis po&longs;itis, fit continua non &longs;olùm, <lb/>&longs;ed æqualis aquarum effu&longs;io. </s> <s>Atque hæc de <lb/>machinis iuxta prima genera, & &longs;pecies di­<lb/>cta &longs;int. </s> <s>Sed po&longs;tquàm de motibus natura­<lb/>libus &longs;ermonem habuimus, qui in loco <lb/>fiunt, par e&longs;t vt quid &longs;it locus intelligamus. <lb/>Nam & hoc e&longs;&longs;e quintum naturalium rerum <lb/>principium &longs;uppo&longs;itum e&longs;t: &longs;uppo&longs;iiones au­<lb/>tem hæ, &longs;ecundùm &longs;en&longs;um demon&longs;trationi­<lb/>bus ip&longs;is &longs;unt firmiores. </s> <s>Quid igitur &longs;it locus, <lb/>&longs;ciendum e&longs;t. </s> <s>E&longs;t igitur locus, vltima corpo­</s></p><p type="main"> <s><arrow.to.target n="marg35"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ris &longs;uperficies, corpus contentum ambiens. <lb/>Manet autem recedente corpore, quia ad cœ­<lb/>li ambitum comparata e&longs;t. </s> <s>Manife&longs;tum e&longs;t <lb/>igitur, locum quemlibet æqualem e&longs;&longs;e cor­<lb/>pori in eo contento ad vnguem: & quòd om­<lb/>ne corpus e&longs;t in loco, & quòd in omni loco <lb/>aliquod corpus e&longs;t. </s> <s>Nam omne corpus &longs;uam <lb/>habet extre mam &longs;uperficiem, & illa vbi nul­<lb/>lum aliud &longs;it corpus à quo contineatur vt vl­<lb/>timum, cœlum e&longs;t ei locus: alia autem cor-<pb pagenum="368"/>pora ab alio continentur. </s> <s>Sed locus e&longs;&longs;e non <lb/>pote&longs;t eadem ratione &longs;ine corpore, &longs;i omnis <lb/>locus e&longs;t vltima &longs;uperficies continens cor­<lb/>pus. </s> <s>E&longs;t etiam locus ip&longs;e æternus, quia or­<lb/>bis cœle&longs;tis &longs;uperficies extrema immota e&longs;t, <lb/>vt corpus ip&longs;um continet atque vniuer&longs;um. <lb/>Locus igitur vt in vniuer&longs;o, æternus e&longs;t & <lb/>immobilis, acimmutabilis: vt autem cor­<lb/>poris certi &longs;uperficies, mutatur corporum <lb/>mutatione, nec manet. </s> <s>Locus igitur vbi <lb/>Alexander &longs;edit in Babylonica, vel Su&longs;is, <lb/>adhuc manet, &longs;ed nunc in aëre erat in ciui­<lb/>tate atque domo, nunc autem for&longs;an in <lb/>agro, atque etiam &longs;ub terra. </s> <s>E&longs;t vbi in <lb/>Ro&longs;tris facundi&longs;&longs;imus Cicero perorauit, <lb/>locus manet, at tunc propter terram in <lb/>aëre fuit, nunc autem cre&longs;cente for&longs;itan <lb/>terra, &longs;ub ip&longs;a terra. </s> <s>Et in quolibet loco <lb/>nunc vici&longs;&longs;itudinibus temporum id agenti­<lb/>bus infiniti erunt homines, aliá&longs;que fuêre, <lb/>&longs;i vera e&longs;t opinio Ari&longs;totelis de mundi æter­<lb/>nitate. </s> <s>Tria igitur &longs;unt &longs;emper nobi&longs;cum <lb/>æterna, mens, hyle, & locus. </s> <s>Sed men­<lb/>tem mutare, aut materiam non licet, locum <lb/>mutare licet, & alium adipi&longs;ci. </s> <s>Quocun­<lb/>que igitur perrexerimus, ad rem æternam <lb/>imus. </s> <s>Et nunc locus in quo &longs;cribo æternus <lb/>e&longs;t, atque in eo complures for&longs;an fuêre re­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg36"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ges, aut &longs;apientes. </s> <s>Cùm enim principia <lb/>rerum naturalium &longs;int quinque, materia <lb/>&longs;eu hyle, forma, anima, locus, motus: <lb/>tempus autem non e&longs;t principium, &longs;ed mo­<lb/>tum &longs;equitur: proximum autem videtur e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>principio, quia nihil &longs;ine ip&longs;o fit: de hoc au­<lb/>tem po&longs;teriùs dicemus. </s> <s>Quies quoquè non <lb/>e&longs;t principium, &longs;ed principij priuatio, vt <lb/>mors, frigus, &longs;iccitas. </s> <s>Repugnantia item <lb/>corporum atque inane &longs;eu vacuum, non &longs;unt <lb/>principia, à forma enim pendêre hæc, de­<lb/>mon&longs;trauimus, & aliàs etiam demon&longs;trabi­<lb/>mus. </s> <s>Horum igitur principiorum nul­<lb/>lum non e&longs;t &longs;ecundùm genus æternum <lb/>& primum, aliter non po&longs;&longs;ent e&longs;&longs;e princi­<lb/>pia. </s> <s>Sed per &longs;e æterna &longs;unt mens, hyle & <lb/>locus. </s> <s>Forma & motus parte æterna in cœ­<lb/>le&longs;tibus, parte mortalia in his, quæ &longs;u lunæ <lb/>cælo &longs;unt con&longs;tituta. </s> <s>Anima verò parte qua­<lb/>dam, qua intelligit, æterna, reliqua mor­<lb/>talis e&longs;t. </s> <s>Expers corporis e&longs;t mens, locus & <lb/>motus. </s> <s>Sed mens ab&longs;oluitur omninò à cor­<lb/>pore, motus &longs;ine corpore non e&longs;t. </s> <s>Anima <lb/>autem, hyle & forma, cum corpore nece&longs;&longs;a­<lb/>riò &longs;unt. </s> <s>Anima tamen non videtur pars il­<lb/>lius. </s> <s>Quòd verò plura e&longs;&longs;e non po&longs;&longs;int princi­<lb/>pia, ex hoc demon&longs;tratur. </s> <s>Nam quæ &longs;unt, <lb/>quædam viuunt, quædam non. </s> <s>Reguntur <lb/>autem omnia atque fiunt, tum manet. </s> <s>Cor­<lb/>pus igitur in loco manet. </s> <s>Fiunt autem ex <lb/>materia atque forma. </s> <s>Reguntur autem ab <lb/>anima, quæ in nobilioribus mens e&longs;t, & à <lb/>corpore &longs;eparata: in corporibus autem, vitæ <lb/>principium. </s> <s>Sed cau&longs;a qua manent e&longs;t motus, <lb/>item generationis, & reliquorum. </s> <s>Omnia <lb/>hæc cùm &longs;int quidam motus, & vt fiunt, & vt <lb/>manent, igitur motus principium e&longs;t. </s> <s>De <lb/>principiis &longs;ecundùm &longs;en&longs;um, & vt ad hanc <lb/>pertinebat tractationem, hæc docui&longs;&longs;e hacte­<lb/>nus &longs;ufficiat: non enim hoc modo priuatio <lb/>principium e&longs;t. </s> <s>Supere&longs;t nunc, vt declaremus, <lb/>vacuum non dari, præter rationes tres &longs;en&longs;i­<lb/>biles &longs;uperiùs adductas, hoc diligentiùs nunc <lb/>demon&longs;trantes. </s> <s>O&longs;ten&longs;um erit & pari ratio­<lb/>ne de corporum repugnantia, quicquid &longs;upe­<lb/>riùs &longs;uppo&longs;uimus: nam neque in eodem loco <lb/>duo corpora, nec corpus vnum in duobus <lb/>locis, nec corpore locum e&longs;&longs;e po&longs;&longs;e diximus. <lb/>Nunc igitur hoc vltimo denuò demon&longs;tru­<lb/>to, reliqua etiam erunt manife&longs;ta: neque <lb/>enim in hoc libro &longs;ingula demon&longs;trare, &longs;ed <lb/>res per capita tractare propo&longs;itum e&longs;t. </s> <s>Pri­<lb/>múm igitur vacuum non e&longs;t: quomodo igi­<lb/>tur quod non e&longs;t, efficere quicquam po­<lb/>terit? </s> <s>Deinde &longs;i e&longs;&longs;e ponatur, &longs;ub&longs;tantia <lb/>non e&longs;t vacuum, neque à &longs;ub&longs;tantia profi­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg37"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ci&longs;citur, & vt vno verbo ab&longs;oluam, nihil <lb/>e&longs;t, atque ideo nullam poterit habere ope­<lb/>rationem. </s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg35"></margin.target>Locus quid <lb/>&longs;it.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg36"></margin.target><expan abbr="Principiorũ">Principiorum</expan> <lb/>naturalium <lb/>diui&longs;io.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg37"></margin.target>Demon&longs;tra­<lb/>tio, quia nul­<lb/>lus motus e&longs;t <lb/>à vacuo.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>For&longs;an dicet qui&longs;piam, naturam metu <lb/>vacui, &longs;eu vt illud euitet, motum ciere. </s> <s>Sed <lb/>neque i&longs;tud: nam quum aër rarior aqua &longs;it, <lb/>oportuit primò antequàm fiat attractio va­<lb/>cui ratione, quum aqua a&longs;cendit aquæ con­<lb/>&longs;ecutione, priorem aquam in aërem verti, <lb/>húncque rur&longs;us in ignem, qui aëre rarior e&longs;t: <lb/>deinde ip&longs;um ignem attenuari, demum fieri <lb/>hanc attractionem. </s> <s>Sed nos videmus, aquam <lb/>non verti in aërem, &longs;ed trahere: &longs;imiliter <lb/>aërem, antequam in ignem tran&longs;eat: non igi­<lb/>tur metu vacui, quum adhuc &longs;uper&longs;int tot <lb/>intermedia, &longs;ed metu raritatis natura moli­<lb/>tur eam attractionem, quam à vacuo appel­<lb/>lant. </s> <s>Nec e&longs;t vt eam cum Auerroë, violen­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg38"></arrow.to.target><lb/>tam dicam: nam ip&longs;a pror&longs;us e&longs;t naturalis, <lb/>&longs;icut & motus aquæ, quum in aëre fuerit & <lb/>de&longs;cendit: violenter enim quie&longs;cit, & ideo <lb/>naturaliter mouetur. </s> <s>Sic elementum, quod <lb/>raritatis cau&longs;a trahit, violentiam patitur, à <lb/>qua motu illo &longs;e liberat. </s> <s>Quòd verò eo motu <lb/>graue &longs;ur&longs;um trahatur, contingit ca&longs;u, e&longs;t que <lb/>ei quod trahitur, quandoque violentum, & <lb/>quandoque non, velut &longs;i leue &longs;ur&longs;um traha­<lb/>tur. </s> <s>Satis e&longs;t motum ex principio ip&longs;o e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>naturalem. </s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg38"></margin.target>Motus at­<lb/>tractionis à <lb/>raritate, non <lb/>e&longs;t <expan abbr="viol&etilde;tus">violentus</expan>.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Vt inuito, vel &longs;altem non iuuante pa&longs;&longs;o <lb/>fit? </s> <s>Imò quod mouetur ad locum, &longs;pontè <lb/>mouetur, vt elementum aut mixtum, non vt <lb/>graue, aut leue. </s> <s>Obliui&longs;citur enim propriæ <lb/>naturæ, quòd &longs;ic mouetur con&longs;en&longs;u alterius. <lb/>Velut qui filium hortatur ad vitæ pericu­<lb/>lum, dum muri vrbis ab ho&longs;te oppugnan­<lb/>tur, pietatem exercet: vbi communis cau­<lb/>&longs;a non impelleret, id agens crudelis habe­<lb/>retur. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Sed iam ad motus grauium veniamus. </s> <s>Hic <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg39"></arrow.to.target><lb/>autem liber e&longs;t, aut fit pondere alligato, vt in <lb/>libra & &longs;tatera. </s> <s>Quæri &longs;olet, cur pondera <lb/>ponderibus magis agitantur? </s> <s>nam manu­<lb/>brio A, agitetur &longs;uper furculam C, pondus <lb/>B. </s> <s>Con&longs;tat quòd &longs;i addatur pondus ip&longs;i ma­<lb/>nubrio, vtpote plumbum v&longs;que ad certam <lb/>metam, faciliùs de&longs;cendere à lateribus ad <lb/>medium adiuuante pondere: at contrà diffi­<lb/>cilius moueri à medio ad latera. </s> <s>Ob id, pon­<lb/>deris meta quædam habenda e&longs;t, v&longs;que ad <lb/>quam motus facilitas augetur. </s> <s>Hanc tamen <lb/>&longs;i tran&longs;cendas, motus redditur difficilior. <lb/>Hac ratione capulos en&longs;ibus grauiores ad­<lb/>dunt, vt en&longs;es videantur leuiores, faciliú&longs;­<lb/>que tractentur. </s> <s>Sed & hîc modus &longs;eruan­<lb/>dus e&longs;t. </s></p><pb pagenum="369"/><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg39"></margin.target>Quomode <lb/>pondera fa­<lb/>cile mouean­<lb/>tur.</s></p><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Adiecimus hoc, quia pleraque in&longs;trumen­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg40"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ta hauriendis aquis idonea, hominum aut <lb/>iumentorum viribus aguntur. </s> <s>Sed et&longs;i ip&longs;a­<lb/>rum aquarum rapido impetu agitentur ma­<lb/>chinæ, rur&longs;us addita manubriis pondera fa­<lb/>ciliorum efficiunt motum. </s> <s>Licet itaque &longs;olo <lb/>impetu aquarum defluentium, aquas ip&longs;as in <lb/>&longs;uprema loca impellere, atque ægros humi­<lb/>lioribus aquis irrigare. </s> <s>Sed hoc tantùm in <lb/>his quæ decurrunt, & impetum labendo ha­<lb/>bent. </s> <s>Aptetur enim à latere vno Cte&longs;ibica, <lb/>aut Brambilica, aut alterius generis machi­<lb/>na: nam ( vt dixi ) innumeri po&longs;&longs;unt e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>modi earum, quanquam hæ omnibus aliis, <lb/>coclea excepta, &longs;int elegantiores: & ( vtiam <lb/>docuimus ) alternus manubrij motus rota <lb/>cum pinnis agitata perficiatur, &longs;ic fiet vt <lb/>&longs;pontè aqua &longs;eip&longs;am &longs;ur&longs;um impellat: nam­<lb/>que ars contra &longs;ua in&longs;tituta eam facere co­<lb/>git. </s> <s>Quod exemplum nonnullæ ciuitates quæ <lb/>editioribus à flumine locis po&longs;itæ &longs;unt, &longs;e­<lb/>quuntur. <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg41"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg40"></margin.target>Quomodo <lb/>aqua <expan abbr="&longs;eipsã">&longs;eipsam</expan> <lb/>impellat &longs;ur­<lb/>&longs;um.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg41"></margin.target>De libra & <lb/>illius ratio­<lb/>ne.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Po&longs;t hæc videndum e&longs;t de ponderibus <lb/>quæ in libra con&longs;tituuntur. </s> <s>Sit igitur libra, <lb/>cuius trutina &longs;it appen&longs;a in A, & finis vbi <lb/>iunguntur latera lancis B, & lanx CD, & <lb/>manife&longs;tum e&longs;t quòd CD mouetur circa B, <lb/>velut centrum quoddam, quia CD non po­<lb/>te&longs;t &longs;eparari ab ip&longs;o B: & &longs;it angulus ABC, <lb/>& ABD rectus. </s> <s>Dico quòd pondus in C <lb/>con&longs;titutum erit grauius, quàm &longs;i lanx collo­<lb/>cetur in quocunque alio loco, vtpute quòd <lb/><figure id="fig9"></figure><lb/>con&longs;titueretur lanx in F. </s> <s>Vt autem cogno&longs;­<lb/>camus quòd C &longs;it grauius in eo &longs;itu, quam <lb/>in F, nece&longs;&longs;arium e&longs;t vt in æquali tempore <lb/>moueatur per maius &longs;patium ver&longs;us cen­<lb/>trum. </s> <s>Videmus enim grauiora pari ratione <lb/>in reliquis, velociùs ad centrum ferri. </s> <s>Quòd <lb/>autem hoc contingat magis pondere & li­<lb/>bra in C collocata quàm in F, o&longs;tendo dua­<lb/>bus rationibus. </s> <s>Prima, quòd &longs;i in aliquo <lb/>tempore moueatur ex C in E, & &longs;it arcus <lb/>CE æqualis FG, quod tardius de&longs;cendet ex <lb/>F in G, quàm ex C in E, & ita erit leuiùs <lb/>in F, quàm in C. Secundò, quòd po&longs;ito <lb/>quòd in æquali &longs;patio temporis moueretur <lb/>ex C in E, ex & F in G, adhuc per arcum <lb/>CE æqualem FG, magis appropinquaret <lb/>centro quàm per motum factum in arcu <lb/>FG. </s> <s>Ideò ergo duplici ratione magis gra­<lb/>uabit pondus lance po&longs;ita ad perpendicu­<lb/>lum cum trutina, quàm in quoque alio <lb/>loco. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Primùm igitur &longs;ic declaratur. </s> <s>Manife­<lb/>&longs;tum e&longs;t in &longs;tateris, & in his, qui pondera <lb/>eleuant, quòd quantò magis pondus à tru­<lb/>tina, eò magis graue videtur: &longs;ed pondus <lb/>in G di&longs;tat à trutina quantitate BC lineæ, <lb/>& in F quantitate FP, &longs;ed CB e&longs;t maior FP, <lb/>ex decimaquinta, tertij elementorum Eu­<lb/>clidis: igitur lance po&longs;ita in C, grauius pon­<lb/>dus videbitur quàm in F, quod erat primum. <lb/>Ex hac etiam demon&longs;tratione manife&longs;tum <lb/>e&longs;t, libram quantò magis di&longs;cendit ver&longs;us <lb/>C ex A, tantò grauiùs pondus reddere, & eò <lb/>velociùs moueri: at ex C ver&longs;us Q, contra­<lb/>ria ratione pondus reddi leuius, & motum <lb/>&longs;egniorem, quod & experimentum docet. <lb/>Secundum verò &longs;ic demon&longs;tratur. </s> <s>Quia enim <lb/>CE e&longs;t æqualis FG, &longs;umatur CH æqualis <lb/>CE, eritque æqualis CH ip&longs;i FG, quare re­<lb/>cta &longs;ubten&longs;a CH, æqualis rectæ &longs;ubten&longs;æ <lb/>FG. </s> <s>Igitur ex octaua primi elementorum <lb/>angulus BFG, æqualis erit angulo BCH. Igi­<lb/>tur ductis ad perpendiculum rectis FL & <lb/>HK, minor e&longs;t angulus FGL. qui & ip&longs;e <lb/>e&longs;&longs;et pars coæqualis BFG, ex quinta primi <lb/>elementorum, angulo KCH. </s> <s>Igitur latus <lb/>HK, maius latere FL: nam rectæ FG & HC <lb/>æquales fuerunt, & trigoni orthogonij &longs;eu <lb/>rectanguli: igitur BN maior OF, & ideo <lb/>BM maior OP. </s> <s>Dum igitur libra mouetur ex <lb/>C in E pondus de&longs;cendit per BM lineam, &longs;eu <lb/>propinquius centro redditur quàm e&longs;&longs;et in <lb/>C, & dum mouetur per &longs;patium arcus FG, <lb/>de&longs;cenditque per OP, & BM, maior e&longs;t OP. <lb/>Igitur &longs;uppo&longs;ito etiam quod in æquali tem­<lb/>pore tran&longs;iret ex C in K, & ex F in G, adhuc <lb/>velociùs de&longs;cendit ex C, quam ex F. </s> <s>Igitur <lb/>grauius e&longs;t in C, quàm in F. </s> <s>Ex hoc autem <lb/>demon&longs;tratur quod dicit Philo&longs;ophus, quòd <lb/>&longs;i æqualia &longs;int pondera in F & R, libra ta­<lb/>men &longs;pontè redit ad &longs;itum CD, vbi trutina <lb/>&longs;it AB. </s> <s>Nec hoc demon&longs;trat Iordanus, nec <lb/>intellexit. </s> <s>Similiter cur trutina QB po&longs;ita, <lb/>atque infrà libram ip&longs;am, velut accidit con­<lb/>uer&longs;a libra, vt manu trutinam teneas &longs;uper­</s></p><p type="main"> <s><arrow.to.target n="marg42"></arrow.to.target><lb/>incumbente libra pondus quod iam de&longs;cen­<lb/>derat tractum ad R, vbi æquale aliud ad <lb/>con&longs;titutum in F, vel lances omninò vacuæ <lb/>&longs;int, non &longs;olùm non reuertuntur ad &longs;itum <lb/>CD, &longs;eu perpendiculi, imò magis R de&longs;cen­<lb/>dit ver&longs;us Q & F a&longs;cendit ver&longs;us A. vt expe­<lb/>rimento patet. </s> <s>Hoc etiam Iordanus non de­<lb/>mon&longs;trauit. </s> <s>Ari&longs;toteles dicit hoc contingere, <lb/>quum trutina e&longs;t &longs;upra libram, quia angu­<lb/>lus QBF metæ, maior e&longs;t angulo QBR, Et &longs;i­<lb/>militer quum trutina fuerit QB, erit meta <lb/>AB, & tunc angulus RBA, maior erit angu­<lb/>lo FBA, &longs;ed maior angulus reddit grauius <lb/>pondus: igitur dum trutina &longs;uperius e&longs;t F, <lb/>erit grauius R, ideo F trahet libram ver&longs;us <lb/>C, & dum fuerit inferius R, erit grauius <lb/>quàm F, ideo trahet libram ver&longs;us <expan abbr="q.">que</expan> Quòd &longs;i <lb/>quis obiiciat, igitur pondus in F, erit gra­<lb/>uius quàm in C, trutina in A appen&longs;a cuius <lb/>tamen oppo&longs;itum iam e&longs;t demon&longs;tratum. <lb/>Re&longs;pondemus, quòd latior angulus à meta, <lb/>facit pondus grauius, quum rectæ fuerint <pb pagenum="370"/>æquales: &longs;ed vt demon&longs;tratum e&longs;t, pondus <lb/>in C, plus di&longs;tat tam à meta, quàm à trutina, <lb/>quam in E, ideo ratio anguli ibi non tenet: <lb/>&longs;ed quum comparamus pondera in F & R, <lb/>iam illa æqualiter di&longs;tant tam à trutina, <lb/>quod à meta: ideo tanc anguli ratio &longs;pectan­<lb/>da e&longs;t. </s> <s>Generalis igitur ratio hæc &longs;it: pon­<lb/>dera quò plus di&longs;tant à meta &longs;eu linea de&longs;­<lb/>cen&longs;us per rectam, aut obliquum, id e&longs;t, per <lb/>angulum, eò &longs;unt grauiora. </s> <s>Sed primò rectæ <lb/>lineæ magnitudo &longs;pectanda e&longs;t: vbi rectæ li­<lb/>neæ æquales &longs;int, tunc angulus quòd maior <lb/>erit, eò pondus reddetur grauius. </s> <s>Si igitur <lb/>BC &longs;inuetur ver&longs;us QC, eleuabitur, & mi­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg43"></arrow.to.target><lb/>nus di&longs;tabit à B puncto, ideoque reddet pon­<lb/>dera leuiora, aureu&longs;que iu&longs;ti ponderis defi­<lb/>cere videbitur, & ex aduer&longs;a parte po&longs;itus <lb/>qui deficit, bonus videbitur. </s> <s>Sed vacua libe­<lb/>ra delegitur fraus, aur commutatis vici&longs;&longs;im <lb/>numo & indice. </s> <s>Sed cur pondera quærunt <lb/>ver&longs;us medium moueri? </s> <s>Hoc facilè di&longs;&longs;olui­<lb/>tur, &longs;i quis, quæ diximus mente teneat. </s> <s>Nam <lb/>pondus in F, dum peruenit ad C, propin­<lb/>quius redditur mundi centro ad quod natu­<lb/>ra fertur linea PB: & dum ex C in Q linea <lb/>BQ & ita intentum ponderis e&longs;t rectà ferri <lb/>ad centrum quia vinculo prohibetur, moue­<lb/>tur eo modo, quo moueri pote&longs;t, atque ita à <lb/>dextra, vel &longs;ini&longs;tra ver&longs;us perpendiculum, & <lb/>medium. </s> <s>Sed dices, cur igitur libra vacua C, <lb/>non mouetur ver&longs;us Q? Re&longs;pondeo, quòd <lb/>tunc D moueretur ver&longs;us A: &longs;ed vt vi&longs;um e&longs;t <lb/>ratione rectæ linæ po&longs;ito C in Q & D in A, <lb/>adhuc tantum e&longs;&longs;et ami&longs;&longs;um ex parte D, <lb/>quantum acqui&longs;itum ip&longs;i C: &longs;ed quod e&longs;&longs;et <lb/>ami&longs;&longs;um ex parte D, e&longs;&longs;et magis contra na­<lb/>turam quam illud quod e&longs;&longs;et acqui&longs;itum ip&longs;i <lb/>C &longs;ecundum naturam: igitur maius e&longs;&longs;et de­<lb/>trimentum quam iuuamentum. </s> <s>Quare pari­<lb/>bus ponderibus in C & D, non &longs;olum non <lb/>remouebuntur ab eo &longs;itu &longs;pontè, &longs;ed vi amo­<lb/>ta redibunt. </s> <s>His rationibus con&longs;ideratis, po&longs;­<lb/>&longs;umus facere libram quæ vacua ponderibus <lb/>æqua videbitur, iu&longs;ti&longs;que notis ponderum <lb/>maius rerum ip&longs;arum pondus repræ&longs;entet. <lb/>Sic enim vt Ari&longs;toteles refert, purpuram <lb/>vendentes imponebant emptoribus. </s> <s>Cuius <lb/>ratio &longs;ic con&longs;tat: <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg44"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg42"></margin.target>Cur libra <lb/>vacua redit <lb/>&longs;pontè ad &longs;i­<lb/>tum rectum, <lb/>vel &longs;i pon <lb/>dera æqua­<lb/>lia fuerint.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg43"></margin.target>Vt aurei iu­<lb/>&longs;ti ponderis <lb/>leuiores vi­<lb/>deantur, & <lb/>leues iu&longs;ti. <lb/>Cur pondera <lb/>ver&longs;us me­<lb/>dium mo­<lb/>uentur.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg44"></margin.target>Modus fa­<lb/>ciendi <expan abbr="librã">libram</expan>, <lb/>quæ pondera <lb/>rerum maio­<lb/>ra quàm <lb/>&longs;int o&longs;tendat.</s></p><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Volenti libram quæ pro vndecim vnciis <lb/>duodecim præ&longs;eferat, virga AB &longs;umatur <lb/>metallica, quæ in partes viginti tres æquas <lb/>( nam totidem con&longs;urgunt iunctis vndecim <lb/>ac duodecim ) diuidatur. </s> <s>In fine vndecimæ <lb/>& initio duodecimæ partis figatur lingua li­<lb/>bramenti & agina. </s> <s>Con&longs;tat igitur DC vnde­<lb/>cima parte maiorem e&longs;&longs;e AD: quumque CD <lb/>paulò maior &longs;it AD & grauior, leuiorem li­<lb/>ma vel terebratione reddemus, aut lancem <lb/>leuiorem adiiciemus ip&longs;i C quàm A, adeò vt <lb/>dum lances vacuæ &longs;unt longitudinis AC, te­<lb/>nuitatis pen&longs;ata ratione, trutina &longs;ub agina <lb/>iaceat, nullam in partem libra pendente: cui <lb/>tamen cùm ex parte C pondus vnciarum <lb/>vndecim adiunxerimus, & nota duodecim <lb/>vnciarum in lance A, libra æquilibrium de­<lb/>mon&longs;trabit. </s> <s>Quum ergo nec adulterinæ &longs;int <lb/>ponderum notæ, nec lancibus vacuis libra <lb/>videatur vitio&longs;a, fraus mutatis mercibus ac <lb/>notis hincinde, vt notæ &longs;unt in C, merces in <lb/>A, manife&longs;tè depræhenditur. </s> <s>Nam C latus <lb/>infrà de&longs;cendet duplici cau&longs;a, & quia maius <lb/>lanci &longs;uæ pondus ine&longs;t, & quia CD, ip&longs;a DA <lb/>longior e&longs;t. </s> <s>Difficilior ac ob&longs;curior e&longs;t &longs;tate­<lb/>ræ ratio, de qua in Arithmeticis diximus. <lb/>Nunc autem quum affinis &longs;it huic con&longs;ide­<lb/>rationi, quantum nece&longs;&longs;arium e&longs;t huic pro­<lb/>po&longs;ito, adiicere optimum erit. </s> <s>Ergo tota in <lb/>tribus con&longs;tat, quorum primum e&longs;t Archi­<lb/>medis in Parabolis: & e&longs;t vbi regula &longs;tate­<lb/>ræ, nullius ponderis cen&longs;eatur. </s></p><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Stantium in æquilibrio ponderum ratio <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg45"></arrow.to.target><lb/>e&longs;t, vt di&longs;tantiarum à trutina mutua. </s> <s>Velut &longs;i <lb/>D appen&longs;um ex lancula in C faciat æquili­<lb/>brium cum G appen&longs;o in F, & proportio FB <lb/>ad BC &longs;it quadrupla, erit etiam D quadru­<lb/>plum ad G Secundum, cùm in parte breuiore <lb/>fuerit &longs;olùm appen&longs;um pondus, & regula fue­<lb/>rit pondero&longs;a, æqualis in magnitudine & <lb/>pondere, & fiat æquilibrium, erit proportio <lb/>ponderis appen&longs;i ad pondus totius regulæ, <lb/>vt differentiæ partium regulæ ad duplum <lb/>ponderis minoris. </s> <s>Exemplum: D pondus in <lb/>C appen&longs;um faciat æquilibrium <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> BL virga <lb/><expan abbr="ab&longs;q;">ab&longs;que</expan> alio pondere, & &longs;ic BL & BC, vt aixi, <lb/>fiat æqualis BK ip&longs;i BC, tunc dico quòd pro­<lb/>portio D ad pondus CL, e&longs;t veluti ponderis <lb/>LK ad pondus KC. </s> <s>Sed ex hoc habetur re­<lb/>gula: cognito pondere CL & CK ha­<lb/>bendi pondus D, ducemus KL, quæ &longs;it 40, <lb/>gratia exempli in &longs;e, fit 1600, diuide per pon­<lb/>dus CK, quod &longs;it 16, exit 100, huic adde <expan abbr="põ-dus">pon­<lb/>dus</expan> KL, quod e&longs;t 40, fit <expan abbr="põdus">pondus</expan> D, 140. Et ita <lb/>poterimus ad <expan abbr="quancunq;">quancunque</expan> men&longs;uram volueri­<lb/>mus &longs;cire <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan> <expan abbr="põderis">ponderis</expan> refert &longs;tatera. </s> <s>Ter­<lb/>tium habetur ex his duobus & e&longs;t, &longs;i virgula <lb/>&longs;ine pondere cen&longs;eatur, à parte <expan abbr="aut&etilde;">autem</expan> qu&ecedil; dif­<lb/>ferentia e&longs;t <expan abbr="longitudinũ">longitudinum</expan> ab agina, pondus æ­<lb/>quale extendatur per <expan abbr="totã">totam</expan> <expan abbr="virgã">virgam</expan>, <expan abbr="æqual&etilde;">æqualem</expan> <expan abbr="gra-uitat&etilde;">gra­<lb/>uitatem</expan> habebit cum <expan abbr="eod&etilde;">eodem</expan> pondere appen&longs;o in <lb/>puncto di&longs;tante à librili per <expan abbr="medietat&etilde;">medietatem</expan> totius <lb/>virg&ecedil;. </s> <s>Sit vt virga CL nullius &longs;it ponderis, & <lb/>&longs;it BC æqualis BK, & coexten&longs;um <expan abbr="põdus">pondus</expan> æ­<lb/>qualiter, vt &longs;ub forma tetragoni faciat <expan abbr="æqui-libriũ">æqui­<lb/>librium</expan> <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> D <expan abbr="app&etilde;&longs;o">appen&longs;o</expan> in C, & &longs;umatur G <expan abbr="&ecedil;qui-pondiũ">&ecedil;qui­<lb/>pondium</expan> &ecedil;quale <expan abbr="põderi">ponderi</expan> <expan abbr="coext&etilde;&longs;o">coexten&longs;o</expan>, & &longs;it BM <expan abbr="di-midiũ">di­<lb/>midium</expan> totius CL, dico quòd G <expan abbr="&longs;u&longs;pensũ">&longs;u&longs;pensum</expan> in M <lb/>faciet <expan abbr="æquilibriũ">æquilibrium</expan> <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> D, & ita æqualiter gra­<lb/>uabit vt <expan abbr="coextensũ">coextensum</expan> toti KL. </s> <s>Sit igitur vt in M <lb/>faciat <expan abbr="&ecedil;quilibriũ">&ecedil;quilibrium</expan> <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> D, igitur per <expan abbr="primã">primam</expan> <expan abbr="harũ">harum</expan> <lb/>proportio MB ad BC, vt D ad G. <expan abbr="It&etilde;">Item</expan> quia facit <pb pagenum="371"/><expan abbr="æquilibriũ">æquilibrium</expan> D cum G coëxten&longs;o K L, &longs;i igitur <lb/>adderetur æquè graue per totam CK adhuc <lb/>faceret æquilibrium, quia in BC & BK æ­<lb/>quales &longs;unt, & tunc e&longs;&longs;et proportio ponde­<lb/>ris D ad pondus KL, &longs;icut ponderis LC, ad <lb/>pondus CK, ex &longs;ecunda proportione permu­<lb/>tata, igitur vt longitudinis LC ad CK, quia <lb/>pondus e&longs;t æqualiter di&longs;tributum. </s> <s>Sed &longs;icut <lb/>ponderis D ad pondus LK, &longs;ic D ad G, quia <lb/>&longs;uppo&longs;itum e&longs;t G & LK æqualia e&longs;&longs;e, igitur <lb/>vt LC a<gap/> CK, &longs;ic MB ad BC: quare permu­<lb/>tando vt CK ad CB, &longs;ic LC ad MB: &longs;ed CB <lb/>e&longs;t dimidium CK: igitur BM e&longs;t dimdium <lb/>LC, quod crat demon&longs;trandum. </s> <s>Quia verò <lb/>CB e&longs;t dimidium CK, & BM dimidium <lb/>CL, &longs;equitur vt MK &longs;it dimidium KL, & ita <lb/>e&longs;t ac &longs;i &longs;u&longs;pen&longs;um e&longs;&longs;et in medio loci cui <lb/>coextenditur. </s> <s>Vnumquodque igitur pondus, <lb/>iuxta Archimedem, quantumvis inæquale, <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg46"></arrow.to.target><lb/>vt triangulum tantum affert grauitatis, coex­<lb/>ten&longs;um virgulæ, quantum &longs;i &longs;u&longs;pendatur ex <lb/>centro in loco vbi centrum grauitatis &longs;e­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg47"></arrow.to.target><lb/>cundum perpendiculum &longs;itum e&longs;t. </s> <s>Hoc au­<lb/>tem generaliter &longs;upponit, etiam&longs;i pondus <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb/>extendatur v&longs;que ad aginam, &longs;ed coex-ten­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg48"></arrow.to.target><lb/>datur, gratia exempli per L F, & centrum <lb/>eius &longs;it in directo E, tunc dicit, e&longs;t ac &longs;i &longs;u&longs;­<lb/>penderetur in ip&longs;o E. </s> <s>Ex his, vt in Arithme­<lb/>ticis docuimus, colligitur ratio conficien­<lb/>di &longs;tateras. </s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg45"></margin.target>Stateræ ra­<lb/>tio.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg46"></margin.target>Parabola <lb/>quinta.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg47"></margin.target>Parabola <lb/>octaua.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg48"></margin.target>Statera <lb/>quomodo <lb/>perfecta e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>po&longs;&longs;it.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Nunc &longs;olum demon&longs;trare oportet, quo­<lb/>modo &longs;tatera perfecta e&longs;&longs;e po&longs;&longs;it: et&longs;i in pre­<lb/>cio&longs;is mercibus mercatores libra vtantur. </s> <s>Sit <lb/>igitur &longs;tatera diui&longs;a tuo modo cum pondere <lb/>auxiliari, quod mobile e&longs;t G, & æquiponi­<lb/>deret G in F ip&longs;i D, quia itaque D æqui­<lb/>ponderat G in F, & etiam regulæ KL. Po­<lb/>nantur enim N pars D, quæ facit <expan abbr="æquilibriũ">æquilibrium</expan> <lb/><expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> LK, & O pars reliqua D, quæ facit <expan abbr="æqui-libriũ">æqui­<lb/>librium</expan> cum G. </s> <s>Igitur iuxta <expan abbr="primã">primam</expan> <expan abbr="regulã">regulam</expan> pro­<lb/>portio O ad G, vt FB ad BC. </s> <s>Proportio ve­<lb/>rò N ad LK, & e&longs;t vt LK &longs;u&longs;pen&longs;a in M, ex <lb/>tertia regula, vt L C ad CK ex &longs;ecunda re­<lb/>gula. </s> <s>Igitur &longs;tatuemus pondus N primò in <lb/>directo D, deinde facto æquilibrio additio <lb/>O &longs;emper e&longs;t &longs;ecundum proportionem ad G, <lb/>vt partis LB ad BC. </s> <s>Secundum igitur æqua­<lb/>lia incrementa BL cre&longs;cet O, &longs;ed N manet <lb/>idem &longs;emper: igitur &longs;ecundum æqualia in­<lb/>crementa partium B L cre&longs;cet D pondus. <lb/>Æqua igitur &longs;tatera fieret, &longs;i ad <expan abbr="Capponãtur">Capponantur</expan> <lb/>pondus faciens <expan abbr="equilibrũ">equilibrum</expan> <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> LK: inde diuida­<lb/>mus &longs;patia ab agina ad L per æqualia. </s> <s>Sed <lb/>quia ip&longs;i <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="apponũt">apponunt</expan> pondus in C, <expan abbr="nece&longs;&longs;ariũ">nece&longs;&longs;arium</expan> <lb/>e&longs;t vt prima nota, puta P, o&longs;tendat etiam <lb/>pondus LK: vt &longs;i LK ponderis libras duas, <lb/>& D pondus duas libras æquet, nota primi <lb/>ponderis e&longs;&longs;et in K, exempli gratia: &longs;ed quia <lb/>G po&longs;itum in K, grauaret quantum quatuor <lb/>libræ, & præter id etiam LK grauitatem <lb/>efficit duarum librarum, igitur oporteret vt <lb/>D e&longs;&longs;et librarum &longs;ex, igitur pondus e&longs;&longs;et li­<lb/>brarum &longs;ex, & o&longs;tenderet tantùm quatuor. <lb/>Ob id faciemus primam notam quatuor li­<lb/>brarum in P, nam & ibi C grauitatem effi­<lb/>cit duarum librarum, & LK duarum alia­<lb/>rum, igitur pondus D erit quatuor librarum, <lb/>quod faciet æquilibrium: igitur nota qua­<lb/>tuor librarum primarum erit in P, & multò <lb/>minus ab agina di&longs;tans, quàm reliquæ inter­<lb/>&longs;e. </s> <s>At verò reliquæ inter &longs;e æquidi&longs;tabunt, <lb/>vt &longs;i &longs;ecunda fit in Q, tertia erit in H, & <lb/>quarta in M, & quinta in R, & &longs;exta in E: <lb/>ideoque po&longs;ito G in E, o&longs;tendet libras vigin­<lb/>tiquatuor. </s> <s>Manife&longs;tum e&longs;t autem ex hoc, <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg49"></arrow.to.target><lb/>quod commodum affert non leue, quò G <lb/>&longs;it pondus per &longs;e notum, id e&longs;t, libra, vel bi­<lb/>libra, vel trilibra. </s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg49"></margin.target>Media pon­<lb/>derum quo­<lb/>modo ha­<lb/>beantur.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Centra autem ponderum in circulis & <lb/>rectangulis &longs;unt in communi &longs;ectione di­<lb/>metientium duarum. </s> <s>In omnibus autem <lb/>figuris æquilateris, quæ circulo po&longs;&longs;unt <lb/>in&longs;cribi, centrum grauitatis idem e&longs;t cum <lb/>centro circuli circum&longs;cribentis. </s> <s>Supponitur <lb/>autem in omnibus, quòd pondero&longs;a hæc æ­<lb/>qualem vbique habeant cra&longs;&longs;itudinem, & <lb/>quòd ex materia quæ vbique æqualem &longs;or­<lb/>tiatur grauitatem, con&longs;tituantur. </s> <s>In trigonis <lb/>autem omnibus in communi &longs;ectione trium <lb/>linearum, quarum &longs;ingulæ ad &longs;ingula latera <lb/>ex angulis oppo&longs;itis venientes, ea per æqua­<lb/>lia diuidunt. </s> <s>Has verò in vnum punctum <lb/>&longs;ecando &longs;e inuicem concurrere nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t: <lb/>et&longs;i id Archimedes non demon&longs;trauerit. <lb/>Nos autem in Geometricis elementis illud <lb/>o&longs;tendimus generaliter, nunc autem pro ne­<lb/>ce&longs;&longs;itate declarabitur. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Nam diui&longs;is per æqualia lateribus AB & <lb/>AC in D & E, & ducta CD, BE, & per <lb/>communem &longs;ectionem AGH & DE, quæ <lb/>erit æquidi&longs;tans lateri tertio, vnde BEC & <lb/>CDB erunt æquales, quia in eadem ba&longs;i <lb/>BC, &longs;ubducto BCG, communi erit CEG æ­<lb/>qualis DBC, ip&longs;i autem &longs;unt æquales AGE <lb/>& AGD, quia in æquis ba&longs;ibus & inter æ­<lb/>quidi&longs;tantes, quare AGE & AGD æquales. <lb/><figure id="fig10"></figure><lb/>Quumque &longs;int &longs;uper eandem lineam AG, <lb/>erunt æqualis altitudinis, qui altitudo e&longs;t tri­<lb/>gonorum etiam FGD, & FGE, qui <expan abbr="con&longs;i&longs;tũt">con&longs;i&longs;tunt</expan> <lb/>in eadem ba&longs;i FG, igitur etiam ip&longs;i inter &longs;e <lb/>&longs;unt æquales, Quia verò BC æquidi&longs;tat DE, <lb/>erunt ex 29 primi elementorum & 25. eiu&longs;­<lb/>dem, DGE & BGC æquianguli, & propor­<lb/>tio BG ad GE, vt CG ad GD. ex ei&longs;dem <lb/>etiam BGH & GEF &longs;imiles, itemque GCH <lb/>& DGF. quare proportio trigoni BGH ad <lb/>EFG, vt BG ad GE dupla, & CGH ad DFG, <lb/>vt CG ad GD dupla, e&longs;t autem ( vt dictum <lb/>fuit ) CG ad GD, vt BG, ad GE, quare BGH <lb/>ad EFG, yt HCG ad DFG: quare cum DFG <lb/>& EFG æquales &longs;int, erunt BGH & CGH <lb/>æquales: quumque &longs;int inter æquidi&longs;tantes, <lb/>erunt in ba&longs;ibus æqualibus BH & HC, igi­<lb/>turtrigoni omnes ABH, ACH, CDB, CDA, <lb/>BEC, BEA, erunt, medietas ABC, quare ap­<lb/>pen&longs;us trigonus in G, in nullam poterit par­<lb/>tem inclinari. </s> <s>Centrum autem &longs;ectionis pa­<lb/>rabol&ecedil; &longs;eu coni rectanguli e&longs;t in eius dime­<lb/>tiente, quæ à &longs;ummo ad medium ba&longs;is in eo <lb/>puncto qui à &longs;ummitate coni dimidio plus <lb/>di&longs;tat quàm à ba&longs;i, quæ e&longs;t recta linea &longs;up-<pb pagenum="372"/>po&longs;ita angulo coni. </s> <s>Cum itaque fuerit po&longs;ita <lb/>virga æqualis CL ponderis vnciarum 7, & <lb/>librile in B, ita quod KL &longs;it 10. & KC, 4. & G <lb/>libra vna, &longs;ic con&longs;tituemus &longs;tateram. </s> <s>Ducam <lb/>pondus LK, quod e&longs;t 5, in &longs;e, fit 25, diuido <lb/>per pondus KC, quod e&longs;t 2, fit 12 1/2, cui ad­<lb/>do vncias 5, LK, fit 17 1/2: ponam igitur CD <lb/>vinculum ferreum vncias 5 1/2, & relinque­<lb/>tur pondus LK vniuslibræ. </s> <s>Cùm igitur po­<lb/>&longs;uerimus G in K &ecedil;quabitur libr&ecedil;, & aliam <lb/>libram oportebit addere in D propter LK, <lb/>igitur in K o&longs;tendemus duas libras, & &longs;ic &longs;cri­<lb/>bemus, deinde S 3, in T 4, in F 5. in V 6, in L, <lb/>quis &longs;patiis. </s> <s>Ex hoc patet quòd omnia hæc <lb/>&longs;patia per vncias di&longs;tribui poterunt, præter <lb/>primum BK. </s> <s>Po&longs;&longs;emus tamen & ip&longs;um di­<lb/>uidere, vt in B libra intelligatur, & AB in <lb/>K vnci&ecedil; per æqua &longs;patia addit&ecedil; <expan abbr="&longs;ignificabũt">&longs;ignificabunt</expan>, <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg50"></arrow.to.target><lb/>prima 13. &longs;ecunda 14. tertia 15. & ita de aliis. </s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg50"></margin.target>Cur libræ <lb/>&longs;unt plerum­<lb/>que exactio­<lb/>ves &longs;tateris.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Patet autem cau&longs;a ex his, quare libr&ecedil; tri­<lb/>bus cau&longs;is &longs;tateris &longs;int exactiores. </s> <s>Hoc au­<lb/>tem ab initio propo&longs;itum fuit. </s> <s>Nam in &longs;ta­<lb/>tera difficile e&longs;t virgulam adeò exactam in <lb/>magnitudine con&longs;tituere: & &longs;i etiam &longs;it in <lb/>magnitudine, non erit in pondere: vix enim <lb/>hoc a&longs;&longs;equi po&longs;&longs;umus. </s> <s>Secundò difficillimum <lb/>e&longs;t per æqualia interualla omninò ad amu&longs;­<lb/>&longs;im diuidere LB. </s> <s>Tertiò pondus rarò in ex­<lb/>tremo C appendi &longs;olet, quod cùm citra <lb/>appenditur, confu&longs;ionem parit. </s></p><p type="main"> <s><expan abbr="Sũt">Sunt</expan> & additamenta multa quæ <expan abbr="vitiãt">vitiant</expan> &longs;tate­<lb/>ram, horum nullum in libra e&longs;t. </s> <s>Ob id præ­<lb/>cio&longs;a non in &longs;tatera &longs;ed libra &longs;olent exami­<lb/>nari. </s> <s>Multum autem refert ad exactam &longs;ta­<lb/>ter&ecedil; &longs;tructuram, vt G leue &longs;it, tum etiam <lb/>LC, & quod LB tripla &longs;it BC. nam &longs;ic LK <lb/>æqualis erit KC, & quòd vincula CD in ex­<lb/>tremo &longs;int LC, & &ecedil;qualis ponderis cum LK. <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg51"></arrow.to.target><lb/>Hoc enim &longs;tater&ecedil; genus, libr&ecedil; <expan abbr="proximũ">proximum</expan> erit. </s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg51"></margin.target>Vtres quan­<lb/>tum ponderis <lb/>in aqua &longs;u­<lb/>&longs;tineant. <lb/>Quomodo <lb/>homo aquæ <lb/>immobilis ac <lb/>&longs;upinus &longs;u­<lb/>per&longs;tet.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Quantum verò ponderis vtres in aqua <lb/>&longs;u&longs;tineant pro pontibus con&longs;truendis, expe­<lb/>rimentum docet. </s> <s>Nam ve&longs;ica plena aëre, <lb/>qu&ecedil; capax fuit quinque librarum aqu&ecedil; & <lb/>vnci&ecedil;, pondus librarum quatuordecim ac &longs;e­<lb/>mis laterum &longs;u&longs;tinebat: quo fit vt in flumi­<lb/>num aqua triplum fermè ponderis aquæ, <lb/>cuius &longs;unt capaces vtres, continere po&longs;&longs;int. <lb/>Illud etiam non pr&ecedil;termittendum, ex den&longs;i­<lb/>tatis ratione oriri, vt homines cùm ita &longs;e <lb/>continuerint &longs;upini in aqua, vt velut iacula­<lb/>tores in funibus nullam penitùs in partem <lb/>flectantur immobiles, tum nequaquam mer­<lb/>gi. </s> <s>Hoc tamen cùm per &longs;e &longs;it difficillimum, <lb/>ob motum etiam & aquæ in&ecedil;qualitatem <lb/>etiam redditur difficiliùs. </s> <s>Atque hacte­<lb/>nus de rerum mortalium principiis di­<lb/>ctum &longs;it. </s></p><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"/>LIBER SECVNDVS.<emph.end type="center"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"/>De Elementis & eorum motibus & <lb/>actionibus.<emph.end type="center"/><lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg52"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg52"></margin.target>De elemen­<lb/>torum nu.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>NVNC verò de Elementis aga­<lb/>mus, quæ forma & materia <lb/>prima con&longs;tant, & animata <lb/>qua&longs;i videntur: ea Græcis <lb/><foreign lang="greek">soix<gap/>_a</foreign> vocant. </s> <s>Perdi&longs;cere au­<lb/>tem primum oportet, quot & quænam &longs;int. <lb/>Ari&longs;toteles quatuor exiftimat, terram, <expan abbr="aquã">aquam</expan>, <lb/>aërem, atque ignem. </s> <s>Primùm enim quatuor <lb/>qualitates primæ &longs;unt. </s> <s>Hæ &longs;olæ non con&longs;ti­<lb/>tuunt elementum, quia vim non haberent <lb/>agendi ac patiendi: nec plu&longs;quam duæ &longs;i­<lb/>mul e&longs;&longs;e po&longs;&longs;unt, quin contraria &longs;imul &longs;int. <lb/>Nam calidi, frigidi, &longs;icci atque humidi, &longs;i <lb/>tria quomodolibet acceperis, contraria ac­<lb/>cipere nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t. </s> <s>Sed nec calidum cum fri­<lb/>gido, nec &longs;iccum cum humido iungi pote&longs;t. <lb/>Igitur binis iunctis qualitatibus neque con­<lb/>trariis, &longs;imul tantùm quatuor fient coniu­<lb/>gationes, quæ quatuor elementa con&longs;ti­<lb/>tuent. </s> <s>Inter imum etiam locum atque &longs;u­<lb/>premum, &longs;impliciter duo loca intercidere <lb/>nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t, imum non exqui&longs;itè, atque &longs;u­<lb/>premum: atque eo totidem &longs;implicia cor­<lb/>pora. </s> <s>Videmus etiam, & &longs;i quid probabilia <lb/>argumenta faciunt, in mi&longs;tis ip&longs;is quatuor <lb/>elementa: nam de terra, aëre & aqua, nemo <lb/>dubitare pote&longs;t ob magnitudinem, & maxi­<lb/>mas moles, vt mare aquarum, aëris & terræ <lb/>in vniuer&longs;o: ignis verò incrementa, & po­<lb/>tentiam, ac &longs;implicitatem, cuius etiam fons <lb/>in Lunæ concauo e&longs;&longs;e creditur. </s> <s>Plures etiam <lb/>exi&longs;timant in di&longs;tilationibus hæc quatuor <lb/>videri: & humores totidem in animalibus <lb/>&longs;en&longs;us depræhendi. </s> <s>Quinetiam multi arbi­<lb/>trantur ob hoc Cometes fieri, quòd &longs;ub cœ­<lb/>lo ab ignis elemento vapores accendantur. <lb/>Sed certè &longs;ub cœlo Lunæ nullus e&longs;t ignis: <lb/>nam quum cœlum puri&longs;&longs;ima res &longs;it, non <lb/>decuit &longs;ub omnis qualitatis experte re, ar­<lb/>denti&longs;&longs;imam colloca&longs;&longs;e. </s> <s>Natura enim &longs;em­<lb/>per extrema mediis iungit. </s> <s>Inter carnem <lb/>enim & os, membranam: inter os & liga­<lb/>menta, cartilagines: inter os & cerebrum, <lb/>quòd carne cerebrum e&longs;&longs;et mollius, dupli­<lb/>cem membranam, ac duriorem o&longs;&longs;i pro­<lb/>pinquiorem collocauit. </s> <s>Nec motus veloci­<lb/>tas, caloris aut cau&longs;a, aut argumentum e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>pote&longs;t. </s> <s>Nanque ea quæ con&longs;tant, et&longs;i motu <lb/>accendantur, vt lapides, plumbum & anima­<lb/>lia, quæ tamen di&longs;&longs;ipantur, quò celerius mo­<lb/>uentur, eò fiunt frigidiora, vt aqua & aër: <lb/>venti enim validi omnes frigidi, & flumina <lb/>celeriter fluentia frigidi&longs;&longs;imas habent aquas. <lb/>E&longs;t etiam aliud non leue argumentum huius <pb pagenum="373"/>rei, quòd Cometes, aut faces calores his ac­<lb/>cendunt intolerabiles: quid igitur fiet &longs;i tan­<lb/>ta regio & vniuer&longs;us orbe igne ambiatur? <lb/>Quid enim prohibebit, ne aërem ip&longs;um ac­<lb/>cendat, inde hæc omnia reliqua, tum maxi­<lb/>mè quòd calor &longs;iderum adiuuabit. </s> <s>Omnem <lb/>enim lucem Auerroës calidam e&longs;&longs;e exi&longs;timat. <lb/>Aërem etiam calidum maximè e&longs;&longs;e volunt: <lb/>humida autem qualitas omnium minimè re­<lb/>&longs;i&longs;tit. </s> <s>Quomodo igitur violenti&longs;&longs;imo & ma­<lb/>ximo, & acerrimo elementorum aër ip&longs;e re­<lb/>pugnabit? </s> <s>Itaque Auerroës ip&longs;e hoc videns </s></p><p type="main"> <s><arrow.to.target n="marg53"></arrow.to.target><lb/>dixit, aliquando ignem <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> e&longs;&longs;e calidum actu: <lb/>&longs;ed &longs;i calidus non e&longs;t actu, quæ potentia hæc <lb/>e&longs;t: Potentia dicimus medicamenta talia, <lb/>quòd deuorata calefaciunt: an verò hic ignis <lb/>ab aliquo <expan abbr="ing&etilde;ti">ingenti</expan> animali deuorabitur? </s> <s>Dein­<lb/>de, &longs;i ignis calidus non e&longs;t, nec aqua pari ra­<lb/>tione frigida (hoc autem e&longs;t confundere or­<lb/>dinem vniuer&longs;i <emph type="italics"/>)<emph.end type="italics"/> quid etiam prohibet ne lu­<lb/>ceat? </s> <s>quanquam hoc eludant vt leue argu­<lb/>mentum. </s> <s>Si etiam ibi ignis e&longs;t, cur quantò <lb/>altius a&longs;cendimus, cuncta frigidiora appa­<lb/>rent, vt etiam &longs;ub torrida zona in montium <lb/>cacuminibus niues abundare <expan abbr="affirm&etilde;t">affirment</expan>? </s> <s>Quod <lb/>minus mirum e&longs;t, &longs;i quis con&longs;ideret non &longs;o­<lb/>lùm hyeme niues, &longs;ed media etiam æ&longs;tate fri­<lb/>gidi&longs;&longs;imas grandines generari. </s> <s>Sed dicunt <lb/>abe&longs;&longs;e ea loca à radiorum repercu&longs;&longs;u: &longs;ed hoc <lb/>minoris caliditatis argumentum e&longs;&longs;e pote&longs;t, <lb/>non autem frigiditatis. </s> <s>Denique &longs;i ibi e&longs;&longs;et, <lb/>maximè ob generationem e&longs;&longs;et: verùm non <lb/>ob hoc e&longs;&longs;e pote&longs;t, cùm calor cœle&longs;tis &longs;it qui <lb/>generet, vel ip&longs;o te&longs;te philo&longs;opho, & leui&longs;&longs;i­<lb/>ma res tam procul de&longs;cendere haud queat. <lb/>For&longs;an quis ignem ferri hunc &longs;ur&longs;um dicet, <lb/>atque ex eo coniectabitur ibi locum illius <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e. </s> <s>Sed primùm argumenta hæc rhetorica, <lb/>indigna &longs;unt vt in rebus &longs;eriis adducantur: <lb/>neque hic ignis illius naturæ e&longs;t, cuius &longs;u­<lb/>periorem e&longs;&longs;e ferunt, cùm hic vrat, &longs;plen­<lb/>deat, corrumpat, quorum nullum illi ine&longs;&longs;e <lb/>ferunt. </s> <s>Dicemus etiam po&longs;t hæc, cur id con­<lb/>tingat: & quòd non &longs;emper eriam contin­<lb/>gat docebimus. </s> <s>Necillud argumenta <expan abbr="probãt">probant</expan>, <lb/>imò potius oppo&longs;itum. </s> <s>Nam inter duo ex­<lb/>trema, non duo, &longs;ed tantùm vnum &longs;olet a&longs;&longs;i­<lb/>gnari medium. </s> <s>Quòd &longs;i &longs;tatuatur, non qua­<lb/>tuor, &longs;ed tria tantùm erunt elementa. </s> <s>Quòd &longs;i <lb/>hoc non demon&longs;trat, multò minus quatuor <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e demon&longs;trabit. </s> <s>Nec faces aut cometes <lb/>nobis in&longs;inuant e&longs;&longs;e ibi ignem, cùm ip&longs;e <lb/>Philo&longs;ophus &longs;ub igne aciuxta terram in aë­<lb/>re fieri affirmet hæc ip&longs;a, vt ignis penitùs in­<lb/>digna non &longs;int. </s> <s>Sed neque in mi&longs;tis videtur <lb/>ignis. </s> <s>Nam &longs;i modò e&longs;&longs;et, in euforbio & pi­<lb/>pere potius e&longs;&longs;et, quorum vis calida e&longs;t, ac <lb/>&longs;icca non mediocriter, quàm in frigidi&longs;&longs;imis <lb/>lapidibus. </s> <s>De&longs;tillationes etiam, tres &longs;ub&longs;tan­<lb/>tias tantùm docent, aquam pro aqua, oleum <lb/>vice aëris, & terram quæ in imo &longs;ub&longs;idet. <lb/>Quòd &longs;i dicas, olei partem rubicundiorem <lb/>ignem referre quòd acuti&longs;&longs;ima &longs;it, re&longs;ponde­<lb/>mus & &longs;erò, hanc acuitatem, acremque &longs;apo­<lb/>rem ex ignis vi acriote profici&longs;ci. </s> <s>Indicio <lb/>e&longs;t, quòd metallicorum olei nulla e&longs;t pars <lb/>expers acerrimi &longs;aporis. </s> <s>Quare &longs;i hoc totum <lb/>quod acerrimum e&longs;t ignem refert, acris ni­<lb/>hil omninò ine&longs;&longs;e oportet. </s> <s>Quate etiam ad <lb/>tria tantùm redimus elementa. </s> <s>Humores <lb/>in animalibus quatuor &longs;unt: &longs;ed quid hoc <lb/>ad elementa? </s> <s>quid &longs;i tantùm tria cum <lb/>Thru&longs;iano expo&longs;itore artis medicæ Galeni <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e dicam? </s> <s>Sed tamen &longs;en&longs;us o&longs;tendit e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>quatuor? </s> <s>Nequaquam: nam nec ip&longs;i faten­<lb/>tur hunc ignem elementum e&longs;&longs;<gap/>. </s> <s>Quare po­<lb/>tius tria declarat nobis &longs;en&longs;us, quàm qua­<lb/>tuor. </s> <s>Neque quod celeriter exedat omnia, <lb/>ideo dicendum elementum: nam &longs;ic etiam <lb/>motus elementum e&longs;&longs;et: nec quia celeriter <lb/>cre&longs;cat, nam mures & ip&longs;i elementum e&longs;­<lb/>&longs;ent. </s> <s>Sed horum neutrum terræ ine&longs;t, quam <lb/>tamen omnes vno ore elementum e&longs;&longs;e fa­<lb/>tentur. </s> <s>Omnia igitur ad hæc, ad demon­<lb/>&longs;trandum quatuor e&longs;&longs;e elementa, tum etiam <lb/>ignem elementum e&longs;&longs;e, parum habent fidei: <lb/>quinimò vt ab initio propo&longs;uimus, oppo&longs;i­<lb/>tum potius o&longs;tendunt. </s> <s>Supererat illud ma­<lb/>ximum à qualitatum coniugationibus at <lb/>non vident hoc in mi&longs;tis o&longs;tendere: calida <lb/>enim quædam &longs;unt & humida, alia calida <lb/>& &longs;icca, atque &longs;ic deinceps. </s> <s>At in elemen­<lb/>tis quoniam calor & &longs;iccitas tam immodica <lb/>ad interitum omnia erant traductura, pro <lb/>elemento cœle&longs;tem calorem ac bene tem­<lb/>peratum &longs;ub&longs;tituit, ex quo omnia genera­<lb/>rentur. </s> <s>Hoc quidem ac putredine tum motu <lb/>generari &longs;olet materia, quam ignem vocant. <lb/>Ignis <expan abbr="itaq;">itaque</expan> &longs;it, &longs;ed elementorum <expan abbr="nequaquã">nequaquam</expan>. </s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg53"></margin.target>Primo Can­<lb/>ticæ com­<lb/>mente 15.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Iam &longs;cio quid dicturi &longs;int nonnulli. </s> <s>Quis <lb/>tu es tam audax, qui aduer&longs;us Philo&longs;ophum <lb/>&longs;entire audes? </s> <s>præ&longs;ertim in tam confirmata, <lb/>atque antiqua rerum &longs;ententia. </s> <s>Deinde, quo­<lb/>nam pacto grandinum & niuis generatio <lb/>o&longs;tendet ignem ibi non e&longs;&longs;e, quum etiam&longs;i <lb/>nullus ad&longs;it ignis, attamen non par e&longs;t regio­<lb/>nem illam e&longs;&longs;e &longs;rigidi&longs;&longs;imam, cùm radiis &longs;y­<lb/>derum illu&longs;tretur, & nihilominus aërip&longs;e, in <lb/>quo &longs;ita ea e&longs;t regio, calidi&longs;&longs;imus &longs;it? </s> <s>Ignem <lb/>quoque cùm dicimus atque elementum, rem <lb/>pror&longs;us calidi&longs;&longs;imam ac &longs;icci&longs;&longs;imam intelli­<lb/>gimus: hic no&longs;ter ignis calidi&longs;&longs;imus e&longs;t ac <lb/>&longs;icci&longs;&longs;imus, quo fit vt immi&longs;tus etiam &longs;it: <lb/>nam &longs;i mi&longs;tus e&longs;&longs;et, talis e&longs;&longs;e non po&longs;&longs;et, <lb/>quare hic ignis elementum e&longs;t. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Hæc &longs;unt qu&ecedil; tamet&longs;i non mihi <expan abbr="obiiciãtur">obiiciantur</expan>, <lb/>obiici tamen po&longs;&longs;e &longs;entio. </s> <s>Ergo vt ad <expan abbr="Ari&longs;to-tel&etilde;">Ari&longs;to­<lb/>telem</expan> <expan abbr="deueniã">deueniam</expan>, homoille fuit, & in di&longs;&longs;ectione <lb/>ac &longs;ingularibus in multis aberrauit. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quin-etiã">Quin­<lb/>etiam</expan> illo po&longs;teriores & Theophra&longs;tus, & Ga­<lb/>lenus plura perperàm &longs;cripsêre, <expan abbr="itaq;">itaque</expan> &longs;i licuit <lb/>illi Platonem ob veritatem relinquere, cur <lb/>etiam ob <expan abbr="eand&etilde;">eandem</expan> illum nobis de&longs;erere non li­<lb/>cebit? </s> <s>Propo&longs;itiones qua&longs;dam conatus e&longs;t ge­<lb/>nerales a&longs;truere, quas experimentum fal&longs;as <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e docet: vt, quòd <expan abbr="nullũ">nullum</expan> animal bene oleat, <lb/>quodque graue non po&longs;&longs;it, vtrinque promi­<lb/>nere, atque ideo terra non ex vtraque parte <lb/>aquis promineat, quæ tamen experimento <lb/>fal&longs;a e&longs;&longs;e depræhenduntur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq;">Itaque</expan> &longs;i inter mil­<lb/>le propo&longs;itiones, in duabus, aut tribus aber­<lb/>ra&longs;&longs;e illum fateamur, haud rem homine indi­<lb/>gnam etiam &longs;apienti&longs;&longs;imo feci&longs;&longs;e illum di­<lb/>cemus. </s> <s>Nam & ab Auerroë ip&longs;o in paucis <lb/>de&longs;eritur, in nonnullis coarguitur, in pluri­<lb/>bus verò &longs;en&longs;u tran&longs;po&longs;ito defenditur. </s> <s>Hoc <lb/>autem verè e&longs;t etiam ip&longs;um confutare, non <lb/>tueri. </s> <s>Sed <expan abbr="neq;">neque</expan> in hoc di&longs;&longs;entimus ab Ari&longs;to­<lb/>tele: <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> in <expan abbr="cõcauo">concauo</expan> orbis Lunæ, nec <expan abbr="ign&etilde;">ignem</expan> e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>vult, nec rem <expan abbr="calidi&longs;&longs;imã">calidi&longs;&longs;imam</expan>. </s> <s>Quod ad regionem <pb pagenum="374"/>aëris attinet, palàm e&longs;t illam e&longs;&longs;e frigidi&longs;&longs;i­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg54"></arrow.to.target><lb/>mam: quia (vt o&longs;tendemus) omnia elemen­<lb/>ta talia &longs;unt. </s> <s>Nam quod de vaporibus dici­<lb/>tur, & vocata anti&longs;pa&longs;i, fabulæ &longs;imilius e&longs;t, <lb/>quàm hi&longs;toriæ rei naturalis. </s> <s>Quamobrem &longs;i <lb/>ignis in concauo Lunæ ponatur, ac ocy&longs;­<lb/>&longs;imè ibi circumuolui, erit hic frigidi&longs;&longs;imus. <lb/>Ergo nos illud oppugnamus, non experi­<lb/>mentum de&longs;erimus. </s> <s>Quippe luce manife&longs;tius <lb/>e&longs;t aërem illic e&longs;&longs;e frigidi&longs;&longs;imum, tum verò <lb/>magis eum qui in concauo Lunæ e&longs;t: &longs;ed <lb/>temperatur propinquitate &longs;yderum, & ma­<lb/>ximè Lunæ. </s> <s>Et quanquam Luna tantum vni <lb/>parti paruæ è directo &longs;it, quia tamen totum <lb/>mi&longs;cetur &longs;imul ac tenui&longs;&longs;imæ e&longs;t &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ, <lb/>ideo aër ille e&longs;t temperati&longs;&longs;imus, idem etiam <lb/>puri&longs;&longs;imus ac limpidi&longs;&longs;imus, ac totus &longs;ynce­<lb/>rus: qua de cau&longs;a æthera ip&longs;um antiqui, & re­<lb/>ctè, imò & philo&longs;ophus ip&longs;e quandoque ap­<lb/>pellauit. </s> <s>Congruit hic belli&longs;&longs;imè loco ac cœ­<lb/>li naturæ, vt qui tenuitate & qualitatis tem­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg55"></arrow.to.target><lb/>peramento fermè &longs;it &longs;imilis. </s> <s>Neque enim æ­<lb/>ther ideò temperatus e&longs;t, quia æqualiter <lb/>commi&longs;tus ex calido & frigido, &longs;ed quia <lb/>vtriu&longs; que &longs;it expers qualitatis. </s> <s>Similiter nec <lb/>&longs;iccus dici pote&longs;t, qui fluit: nee humidus, <lb/>quia non madefacit: &longs;ed purus ( vt dixi ) ac <lb/>limpidus, atque hic ad generationem apti&longs;&longs;i­<lb/>mus, de quo inferiùs dicemus. <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg56"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg54"></margin.target>1. Meteoro <lb/>rum c.4.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg55"></margin.target>Ætber quid <lb/>&longs;it, & vbi.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg56"></margin.target>Aër frigidus <lb/>e&longs;t natura, <lb/>non calidus.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Quòd verò aër calidi&longs;&longs;imus &longs;it, hoc nullum <lb/>experimentum dolet, nulla ratio cogit, imò <lb/>&longs;pontè quidem frigidi&longs;&longs;imus: atque hæc om­<lb/>nia experimentis quidem con&longs;entiunt. </s> <s>Chi­<lb/>mærica illa Ari&longs;totelicorum, ne illum accu­<lb/>&longs;are videar, <expan abbr="cõmenta">commenta</expan> in inexplicabiles quæ­<lb/>&longs;tiones, quæ adhuc &longs;ub iudice &longs;unt, <expan abbr="terminã-tur">terminan­<lb/>tur</expan>. </s> <s>Itaque melius e&longs;t paucis immutatis tue­<lb/>ri veritatem atque experimenta ip&longs;a, quàm <lb/>in perpetuum cum illis nugantes de rerum <lb/>natura nihil &longs;cire. </s> <s>Quis enim ni&longs;i amens au­<lb/>diat di&longs;&longs;erentem atque affirmantem, aërem <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e calidum in extremo ac &longs;ummo, deinde <lb/>ob &longs;olum motum, aut vapores ab&longs;que motu, <lb/>vt &longs;ub &longs;eptentrione, adeò fieri frigidum, vt <lb/>glaciem, niuem ac grandinem gignat, nemo­<lb/>que citra Solis vim de aëris calore conque­<lb/>&longs;tus &longs;it, de frigore omnes quærantur, & ta­<lb/>men audeant aëri non aliam fermè quam <lb/>igni tribuere caliditatem. </s> <s>Cur ignis cùm te­<lb/>nuiore &longs;it &longs;ub&longs;tantia quàm aër, nunquam à <lb/>&longs;uo immen&longs;o calore de&longs;tituitur, aut illius na­<lb/>tura ac feruor mite&longs;cit? </s> <s>non dicam vt frigi­<lb/>dus euadat. </s> <s>Quòd &longs;i dicant, aërem hunc non <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e aërem qui mouetur, aut qui vapores ex­<lb/>cipiat, impo&longs;&longs;ibile enim e&longs;t tanta facta tran&longs;­<lb/>mutatione ex calidi&longs;&longs;imo in frigidi&longs;&longs;imum, <lb/>vel Ari&longs;totele iudice, manere &longs;ub&longs;tantiam: <lb/>palàm e&longs;t, cùm totus aër frigidus &longs;it, qui nos <lb/>ambit, aut &longs;altem temperatus, vt qui iuxta <lb/>cœlum Lunæ &longs;itus e&longs;t: nam vniuer&longs;a aëris <lb/>moles vt ex æthereis flammis &longs;æpius depre­<lb/>hen&longs;um e&longs;t, motus cœli in viginti quatuor <lb/>horis circumfertur, quod etiam admittit ip&longs;e <lb/>Ari&longs;toteles vniuer&longs;am aëris machinam hanc <lb/>frigidam e&longs;&longs;e, aut temperatam: quæ &longs;i non &longs;it <lb/>aër, alius nobis quærendus aër, for&longs;an &longs;upra <lb/>cœlum, aut in imo terræ. </s></p><p type="main"> <s><arrow.to.target n="marg57"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg57"></margin.target>Elemento­<lb/>rum nume­<lb/>rus.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Tria igitur &longs;unt elementa: terra, quæ den­<lb/>&longs;i&longs;&longs;ima e&longs;t atque graui&longs;&longs;ima, in imoque po&longs;i­<lb/>ta: aër, qui rari&longs;&longs;imus, leui&longs;&longs;imus, in &longs;uprema <lb/>parte collocatur: & aqua, quæ medium in <lb/>omnibus his inter hæc po&longs;&longs;idet. </s> <s>Communia <lb/>omnibus &longs;unt, quòd expertia &longs;int imnatæ ca­<lb/>liditatis, nullus enim calor ni&longs;i à cœlo, atque <lb/>ideo ab anima vel luce. </s> <s>Terra quòd nimis <lb/>cra&longs;&longs;a, aër quòd nimis tenuis, minus frigida </s></p><p type="main"> <s><arrow.to.target n="marg58"></arrow.to.target><lb/>e&longs;&longs;e videntur: &longs;ed aqua cum media &longs;it &longs;ub­<lb/>&longs;tantia, frigidi&longs;&longs;ima apparet. </s> <s>Aër igitur cum <lb/>ingraue&longs;cit, frigidior videtur. </s> <s>Sed &longs;i non af­<lb/>ficiatur, ob tenuitatem qua&longs;i temperatus exi­<lb/>&longs;timatur. </s> <s>Porrò frigida iam &longs;pontè cùm den­<lb/>&longs;antur, frigidiora fiunt, veluti glacies. </s> <s>Terra <lb/>autem ob raritatem calorem admittit, <expan abbr="atq;">atque</expan> <lb/>ideò minus frigida e&longs;&longs;e creditur: ob id &longs;axa <lb/>&longs;unt ip&longs;a longè frigidiora. </s> <s>Aër autem ob lu­<lb/>cem qua&longs;i temperatus, & ob raritatem faci­<lb/>lè mutatus, non &longs;olùm minimè frigidus, &longs;ed <lb/>& calidus iudicatur, cum omnia elementa <lb/>ex æquo natura propria &longs;int frigidi&longs;&longs;ima. <lb/>Indicio &longs;unt regiones &longs;ub Vr&longs;a, & noctes & <lb/>montium cacumina: &longs;ed & ratio id o&longs;tendit. <lb/>Omnis enim calor ab a&longs;tris e&longs;t. </s> <s><expan abbr="Elem&etilde;ta">Elementa</expan> au­<lb/>tem <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> pura &longs;int, caloris ab a&longs;tris &longs;unt exper­<lb/>tia. </s> <s>Calor enim a&longs;trorum illicò mutat: & <lb/>quod mutatur, di&longs;&longs;imile e&longs;t ei ex quo muta­<lb/>tum e&longs;t: quare mi&longs;tum erit elementum ex <lb/>puro atque mutato, non autem &longs;implex. </s> <s>Om­<lb/>nia igitur elementa &longs;unt frigidi&longs;&longs;ima, id e&longs;t, <lb/>caloris omnis expertia. </s> <s>Siquidem nihil aliud <lb/>e&longs;t frigiditas, quam caloris priuatio. </s> <s>In hu­<lb/>mido etiam di&longs;&longs;ident: <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> terra e&longs;t &longs;icci&longs;&longs;ima, <lb/>vt aër humidi&longs;&longs;imus, & aqua in medio collo­<lb/>catur. </s> <s>Siccum dico humido priuatum, atque <lb/>ideo graue, quia <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> e&longs;t exten&longs;um. </s> <s>Cùm enim <lb/>materia prima &longs;eu hyle non extenditur, mul­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg59"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ta e&longs;t, & ideo formæ multum & grauitatis. <lb/>Ideò aqua media in omnibus etiam his e&longs;t. <lb/>Con&longs;tat igitur ex hoc &longs;ydera omnia e&longs;&longs;e ca­<lb/>lida: nam &longs;i omnia &longs;ydera habent lucem, om­<lb/>nia etiam mi&longs;cent. </s> <s>Elementa autem natura <lb/>&longs;ua expertia &longs;unt omnis caloris ac lucis: ni­<lb/>hil autem minus e&longs;&longs;e pote&longs;t eo quòd nihil <lb/>e&longs;t. </s> <s>Omnis igitur lux calida e&longs;t & mi&longs;cet, & <lb/>omne a&longs;trum ob id calidum. </s> <s>Dicitur autem <lb/>Saturnus frigidus <expan abbr="tãtum">tantum</expan> comparatione, quia <lb/>non tantum mi&longs;cet vt generationem in ho­<lb/>nibus iuuet, &longs;ed impedit, velut aqua tepida <lb/>feruenti mi&longs;ta, minus efficit calidam. </s> <s>Ob id <lb/>&longs;atis magis <expan abbr="cõducit">conducit</expan> Saturnus quàm Iupiter, <lb/>quia &longs;ata moderatiore calore <expan abbr="indig&etilde;t">indigent</expan>, qualis <lb/>e&longs;t in Saturno, non in Ioue. </s> <s>Non tamen mo­<lb/>deratus e&longs;t pro hominum propagatione. </s> <s>Om­<lb/>nia igitur a&longs;tra calida, omnia elementa fri­<lb/>gida. </s> <s>Rur&longs;us cœlum <expan abbr="neq;">neque</expan> calidum, neque fri­<lb/>gidum. </s> <s>Decipiuntur plurimi in elementis ob <lb/>calorem violentum, aut impre&longs;&longs;um. </s> <s>Nam ex <lb/>actione a&longs;trorum elementorum partes ad <lb/>mi&longs;tionem veniunt, fiuntque potentia tales, <lb/>vt piper <expan abbr="calidũ">calidum</expan>: &longs;ed hoc non e&longs;t <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan>, &longs;ed <lb/><expan abbr="mi&longs;tũ">mi&longs;tum</expan>. </s> <s>Ignis <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> qui <expan abbr="lapidũ">lapidum</expan> colli&longs;ione accen­<lb/>ditur, e&longs;t caliditas <expan abbr="a&longs;trorũ">a&longs;trorum</expan> in corpore rarefa­<lb/>cto. </s> <s>Violenta igitur caliditate mi&longs;ta profundi <lb/>po&longs;&longs;unt, alia corrupta, vt in putridis: alia po­<lb/>tentia, vt in &longs;atis & &longs;eminibus maximè: alia <lb/>impre&longs;&longs;a, vt in aëre æ&longs;tatis tempore: alia na­<lb/>turali, vt in animalibus. </s> <s>Manife&longs;tum e&longs;t igi­<lb/>tur cur vita in montium iugis &longs;it perennis, <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg60"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ob puritatem aëris: non autem in Æthiopia, <lb/>ob calorem: neque in vallibus, quia aër &longs;im­<lb/>plex non e&longs;t, &longs;ed calidus ac mi&longs;tus e&longs;&longs;e po&longs;&longs;it. <pb pagenum="375"/>In temperata igitur regione vbi venti orien­<lb/>tales &longs;pirant, vita &longs;alubris ac diuturna. </s> <s>Sed <lb/>de his aliàs. </s> <s>Nunc &longs;olum &longs;cire &longs;ufficiat, quòd <lb/>duæ tantùm &longs;int qualitates, calor cœli, & <lb/>humidum elementorum: &longs;iccum autem & <lb/>frigus horum &longs;unt priuationes. </s> <s>Sed & de his <lb/>po&longs;teriùs agemus. </s> <s>Vt verò ad in&longs;titutum re­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg61"></arrow.to.target><lb/>uertar, elementum non voco rem calidi&longs;&longs;i­<lb/>mam, vel frigidi&longs;&longs;imam, quandoquidem <lb/>vix eam liceat reperire: &longs;ed illud elemen­<lb/>tum nunc dico, quod nec pabulo indiget, <lb/>nec &longs;pontè corrumpitur, nec vagatur, &longs;ed <lb/>certam tenet &longs;edem, maximam habens mo­<lb/>lem, eamque &longs;ecundum naturam, ac ad gene­<lb/>rationem paratum e&longs;t. </s> <s>Cumque nullum ho­<lb/>rum igni conueniat, hunc, elementum haud <lb/>quaquam appellabimus. </s> <s>Mouetur autem hic, <lb/>impotens, viuere ab&longs;que alimento, aëremque <lb/>proximum adurit: hicque ardens flamma <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg62"></arrow.to.target><lb/>vocatur. </s> <s>E&longs;t enim flamma nihil aliud, quam <lb/>aër accen&longs;us. </s> <s>Hæc autem perpetuò moue­<lb/>tur, nec vnquam quie&longs;cit. </s> <s>Ignis enim &longs;ub­<lb/>&longs;tantia cum tenui&longs;&longs;ima &longs;it, & quod &longs;ubie­<lb/>ctum e&longs;t illi &longs;emper vrat, perpetuò etiam <lb/>mouetur. </s> <s>Ob &longs;ubtilitatem igitur per angu­<lb/>&longs;ti&longs;&longs;ima foramina ingreditur, ob motum ve­<lb/>rò diuidit ac &longs;cindit, di&longs;ci&longs;&longs;a calore immen­<lb/>&longs;o vrit, ac in propriam conuertit &longs;ub&longs;tan­<lb/>tiam. </s> <s>Ergo flamma non eadem vnquam <lb/>manet, &longs;ed perpetua generatione altera al­<lb/>teri &longs;uccedit, & ob id moueri eam &longs;emper <lb/>videri nece&longs;&longs;arium e&longs;t. </s> <s>Nam quæ genita <lb/>iam e&longs;t, aëris proximam partem inuadit, <lb/>humidumque eius depa&longs;citur, & moriendo <lb/>aliam nouam excitat flammam. </s> <s>Cum igitur <lb/>humidum quod prius erat in flammam ver­<lb/>titur, aucta ex hac mutatione in immen&longs;um <lb/>quantitate, nec po&longs;&longs;it quod illi &longs;ubiectum <lb/>e&longs;t pabulum ob duritiem pellere, nece&longs;&longs;a­<lb/>riò in &longs;uperiorem partem vehementer a&longs;­<lb/>cendit, & eam quæ iam &longs;uprà ip&longs;am erat <lb/>accen&longs;a impellit: vnde &longs;it vt &longs;ur&longs;um ple­<lb/>rumque magno impetu flamma feratur ac <lb/>feriat. </s> <s>Si tamen tigna vrantur &longs;upernè, flam­<lb/>mam eadem ratione deor&longs;um ferri nece&longs;&longs;e <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg63"></arrow.to.target><lb/>e&longs;t. </s> <s>Non igitur flamma &longs;emper &longs;ur&longs;um fer­<lb/>tur, &longs;ed ob id plerunque, quòd pabulum in <lb/>imo po&longs;itum e&longs;t. </s> <s>Cùm tamen in imum fer­<lb/>tur, adeò vrit, vt &longs;i humidum e&longs;t quod vri­<lb/>tur, repentè colliquatum &longs;uffocet ignem: ob <lb/>idque cerei conuer&longs;a flamma inferius &longs;pontè <lb/>extinguuntur. </s> <s>Ligna autem non &longs;ic, quòd <lb/>humidum colliquari non queat. </s> <s>Extinguun­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg64"></arrow.to.target><lb/>tur etiam ob aliam rationem, quòd <emph type="italics"/>(<emph.end type="italics"/> vt di­<lb/>xi) &longs;emper &longs;uperior pars flammæ ab inferio­<lb/>re, quæ nutrimento proximior e&longs;t, propelli­<lb/>tur: vnde &longs;uprema flammæ pars continuò <lb/>tran&longs;itu extincta in fumum vertitur. </s> <s>E&longs;t <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg65"></arrow.to.target><lb/>enim fumus medium inter flammam & aë­<lb/>rem, atque ideò duplex. </s> <s>Quidam qui flam­<lb/>mæ &longs;uccedit, & hic tenuis ac nece&longs;&longs;arius. <lb/>Omnis enim flamma in fumum vertitur: &longs;ed <lb/>hic cum tenui&longs;&longs;imus &longs;it, in aërem celeriter <lb/>tran&longs;it, atque ob id nec &longs;uffocat, nec oculos <lb/>vrit, &longs;ed &longs;olum calefacit ac &longs;iccat. </s> <s>Alter e&longs;t <lb/>fumus qui flammæ præit generationem, at­<lb/>que humidior e&longs;t, ac oculos vrit & &longs;uffocat, <lb/>quòd in aërem non facilè conuertatur. </s> <s>Idem <lb/>plærunque ex carbonibus prauis ac humi­<lb/>dioribus lignis excitari &longs;olet. </s> <s>Primus igitur <lb/>cùm flamma de&longs;cendit in cereis conuer&longs;is, <lb/>dum a&longs;cendere nititur, flammæ ip&longs;i occurrit, <lb/>eamque celerrimè &longs;uffocat. </s> <s>Declarauimus <lb/>enim quòd huius quantitas gignatur im­<lb/>men&longs;a, cùm fingulis momentis flamma quæ <lb/>maximè à nutrimento remota e&longs;t, & in am­<lb/>bitu aëri vicina, in fumum tran&longs;eat, cuius <lb/>copia nihil mirum e&longs;t ignem illi occurren­<lb/>tem celerrimè &longs;uffocari. </s> <s>Huius igitur motus <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg66"></arrow.to.target><lb/>tam rapidi cau&longs;a, flamma cuncta corrumpit, <lb/>non &longs;olius immen&longs;æ caliditatis ratione. </s> <s>Sed <lb/>tamen motus hic in flamma interior, quia <lb/>&longs;en&longs;im fit, nos latet. </s> <s>Nec flamma tota illicò <lb/>perit, &longs;ed quæ &longs;olùm e&longs;t in ambitu: nam quæ <lb/>in medio e&longs;t, tandiu manet, donec ad extre­<lb/>mum in contactu aëris perueniat, aliter in <lb/>flammæ medio non e&longs;&longs;et. </s> <s>Sed fumus retrò <lb/>quandoque agitur, vel ob impetum, vel re­<lb/>pul&longs;us, vel prohibitus. </s> <s>Impetus fit vel ob <lb/>multitudinem, vel ob celeritatem motus. </s> <s>Li­<lb/>gna igitur viridia & multitudo flammæ, re­<lb/>plent cubicula fumo. </s> <s>Venti quoque repel­<lb/>lunt fumum, & angu&longs;tia camini prohibet <lb/>exitum, vel &longs;i angu&longs;tior &longs;it in vno, vt non re­<lb/>cipiat. </s> <s>Maxima autem cau&longs;a e&longs;t à ventis. </s> <s>Nam <lb/>fumus altius &longs;emper a&longs;cendit, tum ob impe­<lb/>tum à flamma conceptum, tum ob leuita­<lb/>tem. </s> <s>Vbi ventis occurrat, maximè vbi copia <lb/><figure id="fig11"></figure><lb/>viridium lignorum ad&longs;it, retrogreditur: & <lb/>qui ex quatuor partibus foramina habet, ab <lb/>omni vento impeditur: nam vndique patet. <lb/>Auxilium à nobis ratione excogitatum. </s> <s>In <lb/>quatuor partibus, oriente, occidente, meri­<lb/>die, &longs;eptentrione binos colloca canales ficti­<lb/>les ex aduer&longs;o po&longs;itos, ita vt alter &longs;ur&longs;um fe­<lb/>ratur, reliquus deor&longs;um: nam impo&longs;&longs;ibile e&longs;t <lb/>octo ventos, quatuor inferius <expan abbr="t&etilde;dentes">tendentes</expan>, qua­<lb/>tuor autem &longs;uperiùs, à quatuor cœli princi­<lb/>palibus regionibus &longs;pirare. </s> <s>Quod ni fiat, fu­<lb/>mus minimè pote&longs;t retrò pelli: atque id <lb/>etiam experimento ad amu&longs;&longs;im comproba­<lb/>tum e&longs;t. </s> <s>Adiuuat autem non parum latitudo <lb/>faucium in imo. </s> <s>Plerunque etiam tutiores <lb/>canales decliues tantum. </s> <s>Sed tutior omnibus <lb/>e&longs;t qui vagina circumcingitur, quæ inferiùs <lb/>non cohæret tecto. </s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg58"></margin.target>Demon&longs;tra­<lb/>tio o&longs;tendens <lb/>quòd omnia <lb/>elementa <lb/>&longs;unt frigi­<lb/>di&longs;&longs;ima.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg59"></margin.target>Sidera om­<lb/>nia calida. <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg60"></margin.target>Aër vitæ &longs;a­<lb/>lubrior.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg61"></margin.target>Ignem hunc <lb/>non e&longs;&longs;e ele­<lb/>mentum.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg62"></margin.target>Flamma <lb/>quid &longs;it. <lb/>Cur flamma <lb/>nunquam <lb/>quie&longs;cat. <lb/>Ignis quo­<lb/>modo vrat. <lb/>Flamma non <lb/>eadem ma­<lb/>net. <lb/>Cur flamma <lb/>plerunque <lb/>a&longs;cendat.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg63"></margin.target>Cur cerei <lb/>conuer&longs;i ex­<lb/>tinguæntur.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg64"></margin.target>Fumus quo­<lb/>modo geue­<lb/>retur.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg65"></margin.target>Fumus du­<lb/>plex.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg66"></margin.target>Cau&longs;æ cur <lb/>cubicula fu­<lb/>mo replean­<lb/>tur. <lb/>Caminus fu­<lb/>mum non re­<lb/>mittens.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Cùm igitur ad hoc vt ignis vrat tria &longs;int <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg67"></arrow.to.target><lb/>nece&longs;&longs;aria, pabulum, motus, & quod pene­<lb/>tret, cùm in flamma motus maior &longs;it ac ma­<lb/>nife&longs;tior, atque ideò etiam introitus qui ad <lb/>motum con&longs;equitur maior, minimè ob&longs;cu­<lb/>rum e&longs;t cur flamma reliquo igne &longs;it viua­<lb/>tior: ideoque cerei dum flamma viget tan­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg68"></arrow.to.target><lb/>diu ardent donec &longs;uppetit alimentum: cùm <lb/>flamma de&longs;init, &longs;pontè vel momento peni­<lb/>tus extinguuntur. </s> <s>Quia tamen flamma <pb pagenum="376"/>multum ab&longs;umit alimenti, ideò per&longs;æpe mi­<lb/>nus durat prunis: &longs;ed hoc non merito &longs;ui <lb/>e&longs;t, &longs;ed quia celerius alimentum finitur. </s> <s>His <lb/>de cau&longs;is & à pingui humido flammæ diu­<lb/>turnæ, & à tenui atque &longs;icca &longs;ub&longs;tantia im­<lb/>men&longs;æ creantur. </s> <s>Nam in tenui & arida <lb/>&longs;ub&longs;tantia celeriter flamma flammæ &longs;ucce­<lb/>dit, atque ob id in maximam molem cre&longs;cit. <lb/>Quòd &longs;i hæc ambo iungantur, & arida, te­<lb/>nui&longs;que &longs;ub&longs;tantia, & pingue ac plurimum <lb/>humidum, velut in bitumine, tunc flam­<lb/>mæ maximæ, & diuturnæ excitantur. </s> <s>Ob <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg69"></arrow.to.target><lb/>id verò manife&longs;tum &longs;it, cur bitumini ar­<lb/>denti aqua iniecta maiores excitet flam­<lb/>mas, quod etiam Georgius Agricola, vir <lb/>no&longs;træ tempe&longs;tatis memoria dignus, narrat: <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e &longs;cilicet in I&longs;landia in&longs;ula montem, no­<lb/>mine Heclam, ex quo ignis emi&longs;&longs;us &longs;iccis <lb/>extinguatur, aqua verò alitur. </s> <s>Id autem fer­<lb/>mè commune e&longs;t omnibus validioribus <lb/>flammis: vnde etiam fabri in&longs;per&longs;a aqua <lb/>ignes excitare &longs;olent: cùm enim ardentior <lb/>fuerit ignis, à frigido incitatur, & ab hu­<lb/>mido alitur, quorum vtrunque aquæ ine&longs;t. <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg70"></arrow.to.target><lb/>Ea de cau&longs;a etiam ignis qui follibus accen­<lb/>ditur, cùm validus &longs;it, aqua modica non <lb/>extinguitur, &longs;ed robu&longs;tior euadit. </s> <s>Folles <lb/>namque ignes accendunt, quoniam mo­<lb/>tum concitant: inde ex motu penetrat <lb/>vis & exurit. </s> <s>Nece&longs;&longs;arij autem &longs;unt in me­<lb/>tallis, quoniam à paruo igne non lique&longs;­<lb/>cunt, &longs;ed &longs;erò, ideò prius exuruntur quàm <lb/>lique&longs;cant. </s> <s>Sed à follibus ignis accen&longs;us <lb/>mouetur & penetrat, ac colliquat metalla. <lb/>Vnde non paruum compendium in celeri <lb/>exitu, & quòd minus impen&longs;æ perit, & <lb/>metalli portio minor vritur. </s> <s>Folles igi­<lb/>tur ad accendendum ignem atque mollien­<lb/>dum ac liquandum apti&longs;&longs;imi &longs;unt. </s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg67"></margin.target>Flamma cur <lb/>igne alio vi­<lb/>uacior.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg68"></margin.target>Cau&longs;æ ma­<lb/>gnarum <expan abbr="flã-marum">flan­<lb/>marum</expan>.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg69"></margin.target>Cur aqua <lb/>quandoque <lb/>ignes exci­<lb/>tet.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg70"></margin.target>Folles cur <lb/>accendant <lb/>ignem, & <lb/>vbi magis <lb/>nece&longs;&longs;arij.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Itaque vt ad in&longs;titutum reuertar, aqua <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg71"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;olet vehementes accendere ignes, quoniam <lb/>humidum ip&longs;um quod exhalat, pinguius <lb/>redditur, nec à circumfu&longs;o fumo ab&longs;umi­<lb/>tur, &longs;ed totum ignis ip&longs;e depa&longs;citur, quo <lb/>purior inde factus, & &longs;imul collectus à <lb/>frigido alacrior in&longs;urgit. </s> <s>Vnde etiam ignes <lb/>qui aqua excitantur & accenduntur: con&longs;tat <lb/>autem pice nauali & Græca, &longs;ulphure, vini <lb/>fæce, quàm vocant tartarum, &longs;arcocolla, ha­<lb/>linitro, bituminis &longs;pecie, illa quam vocant <lb/>petroleum. </s> <s>Relatum hoc ad Marcum Grac­<lb/>cum. </s> <s>Additur igitur calx viua duplo pon­<lb/>dere, & cum ouorum luteis pariter mi&longs;cen­<lb/>tur omnia, & in fimo equino &longs;epeliuntur. <lb/>Aliud: Sulphurei olei, petrolei, iuniperini <lb/>olei, & halinitri æquales &longs;ingulorum par­<lb/>tes: nigræ picis, pinguedinum an&longs;eris, & <lb/>anatis, &longs;tercoris columini, eius liquoris, <lb/>quam vocant liquidam vernicem con&longs;tant <lb/>autem oleo &longs;eminis lini, rur&longs;us &longs;ingulorum <lb/>tantundem: a&longs;phalti partes quinque: exci­<lb/>pe ardente aqua, & in fimo equino &longs;epeli. <lb/>Aliud etiam: Vernicis liquidæ, &longs;ulphurei <lb/>olei, & iuniperini, & eius quod fit ex lini <lb/>&longs;emine, & petrolei, & lachrymæ lariginæ <lb/>partes æquas &longs;ingulorum; aquæ ardentis <lb/>tres ac mediam, tum halinitri, ligni lau­<lb/>rini &longs;icci vi puluerem redactorum quan­<lb/>tum &longs;ufficit, vt omnia &longs;imul mi&longs;ta, luti <lb/>&longs;pi&longs;&longs;itudinem recipiant. </s> <s>Hæc omnia vitreo <lb/>va&longs;e excipe, & in fimo equino tribus men­<lb/>&longs;ibus &longs;epeli. </s> <s>Si igitur ex his pilæ lignis h&ecedil;­<lb/>reant, &longs;pontè imbribus accenduntur: &longs;ed <lb/>hoc non omninò &longs;emper euenit. </s> <s>Illud au­<lb/>tem &longs;emper euenit, vt iam accen&longs;us nul­<lb/>lis aquis extinguatur. </s> <s>Puluis autem qui fa­<lb/>cillimè ardet, & cuius flamma vehementer <lb/>exurit, con&longs;tat pyrio puluere, & tertia &longs;ul­<lb/>phuris ac Græcæ picis parte. </s> <s>Porrò plu­<lb/>ra his in libris de rerum Varietate &longs;crip­<lb/>&longs;imus: hi autem exercitationem omnium <lb/>continent locupletem, quæ hîe ratione <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg72"></arrow.to.target><lb/>explicantur. </s> <s>Quonam pacto verò aquâ non <lb/>extinguantur hi ignes, facilè patet con&longs;i­<lb/>deranti, quòd motum adeò vehementem <lb/>ciunt, vt flamma flammæ follium loco &longs;it. <lb/>Ob id igitur paruam flammam facilè e&longs;t <lb/>extinguere, magnam autem difficillimum. <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg73"></arrow.to.target><lb/>Non &longs;olùm enim quòd maior &longs;it, diffici­<lb/>liùs extinguitur parua, &longs;ed quòd motum <lb/>excitet vehementem, à quo ( vt dixi ) <lb/>flamma fouetur. </s> <s>Ab magnitudine autem <lb/>motus & flammæ procul abe&longs;&longs;e coguntur <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg74"></arrow.to.target><lb/>homines: vnde etiam auxilium primò dee&longs;t, <lb/>inde fumo abundante &longs;ubit de&longs;peratio. </s> <s>In <lb/>his ca&longs;ibus tria auxilia &longs;olùm &longs;uper&longs;unt: vt <lb/>detrahatur materia ardere apta, vel vt <lb/>murus ex lapidibus erigatur, lapide&longs;que &longs;u­<lb/>per incendium proiiciantur, quo quidam <lb/>amici no&longs;tri vicinam &longs;uam domum ab in­<lb/>cendio &longs;eruauerunt: vel quo vti &longs;olemus <lb/>dum luci ardent, aut &longs;egetes, vt pars in <lb/>quam ignis fertur accendatur. </s> <s>Nam &longs;ic <lb/>extincto eo igne, vel etiam nondum ex­<lb/>tincto, maiori &longs;ubtracta materia, peri­<lb/>culo&longs;o, &longs;ed vtili tamen inuento, &longs;erua­<lb/>mus reliquum. </s> <s>Hoc autem auxilij gene­<lb/>re &longs;eruati &longs;unt luci no&longs;tri in Nouarien&longs;i <lb/>agro, non multum ab&longs;imili, quo loci <lb/>dominus &longs;æpe &longs;eip&longs;um à periculo libe­<lb/>rauit. </s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg71"></margin.target>Ignes qui <lb/>aqua non ex <lb/>tinguuntur <lb/>artificio&longs;i.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg72"></margin.target>Libri de re­<lb/>rum Varie­<lb/>tate &longs;unt <lb/>praxis hu­<lb/>ius.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg73"></margin.target>Magna <expan abbr="flã-ma">flan­<lb/>ma</expan> tribus <lb/>cau&longs;is diffi­<lb/>cile extin­<lb/>guitur.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg74"></margin.target>Auxilia ex­<lb/>tinguendi <lb/>magna in­<lb/>cendia.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Sunt igitur bitumine loca abundantia, <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg75"></arrow.to.target><lb/>vel &longs;ulphure, quæ &longs;pontè ardent, & aqua <lb/>minimè extinguuntur. </s> <s>Ætnæ in Sicilia <lb/>montis famo&longs;i&longs;&longs;imum e&longs;t incendium. </s> <s>Cra­<lb/>teres duo, inferior in putei formam an­<lb/>gu&longs;tus, angu&longs;to labro lapideo circumcin­<lb/>gente: &longs;uperior verò ab imo ( vt referunt) <lb/>fundæ iactu di&longs;tat, quatuor habens in am­<lb/>bitu &longs;tadia ad centum M. pa&longs;&longs;uum: cineres <lb/>circumquaque effundit, &longs;umma caligine <lb/>cuncta biduo offu&longs;cans, quod etiam Pli­<lb/>nius affirmat. </s> <s>Sed no&longs;tris temporibus re­<lb/>mi&longs;&longs;um videtur. </s> <s>Puteolis verò parum an­<lb/>tequàm hæc &longs;criberemus (XX. M. pa&longs;&longs;uum, <lb/>vt audio, à Neapoli di&longs;tant ) maxima ex <lb/>incendio iactura contigit. </s> <s>Fiunt igitur hi <lb/>ignes vbi &longs;ulphur aut bitumen gignitur, <lb/>plerunque autem iuxta mare, quòd bitu­<lb/>men, & &longs;ulphur à marinis &longs;ordibus ac ca­<lb/>lore fomentum accipiant. </s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg75"></margin.target>Loca quæ <lb/>ardent.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Quomodo autem accendatur parata mate­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg76"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ria, inferius dicemus. </s> <s>Ignis autem qui inter­<lb/>diu latet, & &longs;olùm noctu videtur, quemadmo­<lb/>dum in Apennini Mugellano videmus, inno­<lb/>xius e&longs;t arboribus <expan abbr="atq;">atque</expan> etiam herbis. </s> <s>Duplex <lb/>hic: alius ignis verè, &longs;ed à vaporibus qui &longs;uc­<lb/>ce&longs;&longs;u <expan abbr="t&etilde;poris">temporis</expan> cùm <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> &longs;ube&longs;&longs;e &longs;ignificet, <lb/><expan abbr="iacturã">iacturam</expan> affert. </s> <s>Alius e&longs;t omninò innoxius, qu<gap/><lb/>non verè ignis, &longs;ed velut materia putrida li-<pb pagenum="377"/><expan abbr="gnorũ">gnorum</expan> ignem noctu &longs;olo &longs;plendore, &longs;ed <expan abbr="ab&longs;q;">ab&longs;que</expan> <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg77"></arrow.to.target><lb/>calore refert. </s> <s><expan abbr="Eiu&longs;d&etilde;">Eiu&longs;dem</expan> fermè generis ignis ve­<lb/>ri e&longs;t Helenæ &longs;idus circa malum nauis, quod <lb/>cadens etiam ænea va&longs;a colliquat, certus <lb/>&longs;ubmer&longs;ionis nuncius. </s> <s>Nam &longs;olùm in gra­<lb/>uibus accidit tempe&longs;tatibus, nec ni&longs;i cra&longs;&longs;i&longs;­<lb/>&longs;imo &longs;piritu & magna ventorum vi vapor <lb/>ille cogi pote&longs;t in naui, & ardere &longs;imul vn­<lb/>de etiam imminentem nunciat perniciem. <lb/>Velut è diuer&longs;o Ca&longs;toris olim ac Pollucis, <lb/>nunc Petri & Nicolai diuorum numina, &longs;eu <lb/>potiùs lumina gemina. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nonnunquã">Nonnunquam</expan> in Ocea <lb/>no terna, imò ibi frequentius quàm gemina, <lb/>ob maioremc <expan abbr="oncu&longs;&longs;ion&etilde;">oncu&longs;&longs;ionem</expan>. </s> <s>Vocant tunc ea, <lb/>Diui Nicolai, Helenæ, & Claræ, fignificato <lb/>deducto à claritate, ab antiqua &longs;uper&longs;titione <lb/>&longs;ideris Helenæ, & quòd Nicolaus ex qua­<lb/>dam hi&longs;toria nauigantibus præe&longs;&longs;e credatur. <lb/>In mediterraneo autem mari &longs;olùm gemi­<lb/>na, & plerunque in rudentibus, ex vnoque <lb/>in alterum, velut aues cum quodam &longs;ono <lb/>&longs;alientia, finem tempe&longs;tatis, nec non &longs;e­<lb/>curitatem o&longs;tendunt. </s> <s>Sunt enim vapores <lb/>rudentibus hærentes, qui &longs;ucce&longs;&longs;u temporis, <lb/>igne ex altero in alterum tran&longs;eunte, &longs;pe­<lb/>ciem cerei accen&longs;i præbent. </s> <s>Indicant autem <lb/>&longs;alutem, quòd parui &longs;int, quòd minimè len­<lb/>ti, in vnum enim coi&longs;&longs;ent, quodque breui <lb/>ab&longs;umantur &longs;inguli: quanquam fal&longs;a ima­<lb/>gine &longs;aliendi, qui plures &longs;unt, plerun­<lb/>que duos referant, cùm &longs;ucce&longs;&longs;u multi <lb/>continuò &longs;peciem vnius diuturnioris effi­<lb/>ciant. <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg78"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg76"></margin.target>Ignis inno­<lb/>xius plan­<lb/>tis.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg77"></margin.target>Helenæ &longs;idus <lb/>quòd &longs;ub­<lb/>mer&longs;ionem <lb/>nauium <lb/>nunciat.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg78"></margin.target>Folium mo­<lb/>tus quomo­<lb/>do.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Diximus hucu&longs;que de igne, folliumque <lb/>interim vtilitatem adiunximus: par verò <lb/>videtur vt etiam motus rationem adiicia­<lb/>mus: &longs;iquidem, vt diximus, nihil egregium <lb/>fit ab igne qui follibus non iuuetur. </s> <s>Du­<lb/>plures illos e&longs;&longs;e oportet, &longs;eu duo &longs;int, &longs;eu <lb/>quatuor, &longs;eu plures, vt opera nunquam in­<lb/>termittatur. </s> <s>Horum motus alternis vicibus <lb/>variatur, ac mi&longs;tus planè e&longs;t, ex violento, <lb/>quo aperiuntur, & aërem trahunt: & na­<lb/>turali, quo &longs;pontè decidentes conceptum <lb/>iam aërem exprimunt. </s> <s>Manife&longs;tum e&longs;t au­<lb/>tem, quòd quò celerius expre&longs;&longs;erint, eò <lb/>acrius ignem impellere: ob hoc ponderi­<lb/>bus ea onerant. </s> <s>Sed quia quæ grauia &longs;unt <lb/>non facilè nec celeriter attolluntur, ideò </s></p><p type="main"> <s><arrow.to.target n="marg79"></arrow.to.target><lb/>magnis rotis & magno aquarum impetu <lb/>machina illorum voluenda e&longs;t. </s> <s>His igitur <lb/>cau&longs;is manife&longs;tum e&longs;t, non po&longs;&longs;e glaciem, <lb/>et&longs;i frigidi&longs;&longs;ima &longs;it, tantùm lædere frigidita­<lb/>te, quantum ignis calore. </s> <s>Nam vt ignis mo­<lb/>tu omnia penetrat, introituque prius di&longs;&longs;i­<lb/>pat ip&longs;a, quàm vrat, &longs;ic glacies quiete qua­<lb/>dam con&longs;tat & cra&longs;&longs;a &longs;ub&longs;tantia, quibus fit, <lb/>ne omninò po&longs;&longs;it penetrare quicquam. <lb/>Quòd enim glacies non minus frigida &longs;it <lb/>quàm calidus ignis, o&longs;tendit experimen­<lb/>tum. </s> <s>Nam &longs;i ligno aut lateri ardenti, glaciei <lb/>tantundem imponas, non celeriùs glacies <lb/>di&longs;&longs;oluetur, quàm extinguatur ex toto ignis. <lb/>Nam vt ignis motu & tenuitate magis pe­<lb/>netrat, ac facilius corrumpit & depa&longs;citur <lb/>quàm glacies: indicioque e&longs;t, introitum & <lb/>&longs;ubtilitatem horum effectuum mirabilium <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e cau&longs;as, quòd quæ penetrabilia non &longs;unt, <lb/>vt aurum & adamas, ab igni non ab&longs;umun­<lb/>tur neque vtuntur, nec omninò verè ignea <lb/>dici po&longs;&longs;unt: ita glacies den&longs;itate &longs;ua & <lb/>quiete magis re&longs;i&longs;tit, & diutius permanet. <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg80"></arrow.to.target><lb/>Vt enim ignis &longs;emper fit, &longs;ic glacies eadem <lb/>manet, & multis annis quandoque durat in <lb/>gelidis &longs;ub Vr&longs;a montibus, &longs;icut & nix. </s> <s>Ergo <lb/>glacies ac ignis penitus contraria &longs;unt. </s> <s>Ignis <lb/>enim calidi&longs;&longs;imus, tenui&longs;&longs;imus, celerrimi mo­<lb/>tus, ac qui facilè omnia inuadat, & momen­<lb/>to maneat &longs;olùm: at glacies frigidi&longs;&longs;ima, <lb/>den&longs;i&longs;&longs;ima, quieta omninò, lenti progre&longs;&longs;us, <lb/>& maximè diuturna. </s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg79"></margin.target>Ignis cur <lb/>magis calore <lb/>lædat, quàm <lb/>glacies fri­<lb/>gore.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg80"></margin.target>Ignis & <lb/>glacies pe­<lb/>nitùs con­<lb/>traria.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Ergo magnæ quæ&longs;tionis iam &longs;olutio ex <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg81"></arrow.to.target><lb/>his emergit, &longs;cilicet, an ignis hic no&longs;ter &longs;ub­<lb/>&longs;tantia &longs;it, an accidens. </s> <s>Si enim &longs;ub&longs;tantia <lb/>foret, videbatur durum, quonam pacto in <lb/>candenti ferro duæ e&longs;&longs;ent &longs;imul &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ <lb/>mutuò penetrabiles, ignea atque ferrea: tum <lb/>verò &longs;i altera di&longs;&longs;oluatur, vtpote ferrea &longs;ub­<lb/>&longs;tantia, dum ignem concipit, fiet corruptio, <lb/>dum extinguitur ignis generatio fieri dice­<lb/>tur, quod perab&longs;urdum e&longs;t. </s> <s>Si verò aerem <lb/>&longs;olùm qui intus e&longs;t ardere latere ardente di­<lb/>cas, non di&longs;&longs;olueretur &longs;ub&longs;tantia ligni in <lb/>cineres, nec &longs;errum deterius adeò euaderet: <lb/>igitur humidum proprium ferri, dum later <lb/>ferreus accen&longs;us e&longs;t, ardet. </s> <s>Quòd &longs;i omni­<lb/>nò ignis accidens e&longs;t, quomodo &longs;ub&longs;tan­<lb/>tiam immutat lignorum in cinerem, ac fer­<lb/>rum omniaque fermè ab&longs;umit? </s> <s>Itaque ( vt <lb/>dixi ) hic ignis nihil aliud e&longs;t, quàm &longs;um­<lb/>ma caliditas cum &longs;iccitate iuncta. </s> <s>Nec &longs;ub­<lb/>&longs;tantia dici pote&longs;t, ni&longs;i vt glacies, &longs;i pro re, <lb/>qu&ecedil; gelu <expan abbr="cõcreta">concreta</expan> e&longs;t intelligatur, ita ignis pro <lb/>re ip&longs;a quæ ardet. </s> <s>Ignis igitur accidens om­<lb/>nino e&longs;t, atque caliditas cum &longs;iccitate &longs;um­<lb/>ma, inhæretque &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ &longs;emper quemad­<lb/>modum reliqua accidentia: non igitur ele­<lb/>mentum e&longs;&longs;e pote&longs;t, quod & &longs;uperius de­<lb/>mon&longs;trauimus. </s> <s>Nam naturæ principium ca­<lb/>&longs;u quodam con&longs;taret, ac pabulo incerto cir­<lb/>cumferri oporteret, imò eadem ratione gla­<lb/>cies aliud e&longs;&longs;et elementum. </s> <s>Quòd &longs;i elemen­<lb/>tum aliud e&longs;t ignis, &longs;iquidem æqualiter cali­<lb/>dus e&longs;t ac hic, aut magis, igitur & ille pa­<lb/>bulò indigebit, quoniam pa&longs;ci nece&longs;&longs;e erit: <lb/>vnde igitur tantæ moli pabulum? </s> <s>Si verò <lb/>minus calidus e&longs;t, ce&longs;&longs;at ratio ob quam &longs;ta­<lb/>tuebatur elementum. </s> <s>Siquidem ob hoc ele­<lb/>mentum ignis po&longs;itus fuit, quòd e&longs;&longs;et &longs;ub­<lb/>&longs;tantia calidi&longs;&longs;ima quædam ac &longs;icci&longs;&longs;ima, <lb/>vtranque habens harum qualitatum, vel al­<lb/>teram &longs;altem perfectam: at non habebit, <lb/>cùm iam con&longs;tet hunc ignem illo e&longs;&longs;o longè <lb/>calidiorem, &longs;icciorem, ardentiorem, ac ma­<lb/>gis penetrabilem. </s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg81"></margin.target>Ignis quid <lb/>&longs;it.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Sed & alterius dubitationis clara &longs;olutio <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg82"></arrow.to.target><lb/>emergit, an &longs;cilicet ignis igne calidior &longs;it? <lb/>Con&longs;tat autem, quòd non ob &longs;olam mate­<lb/>riam ignis calidior euadit, vt qui in ferro <lb/>e&longs;t, eo qui in palea, & qui in quercus lignis, <lb/>eo qui in &longs;alíginis, &longs;ed velut in glacie quæ­<lb/>dam vix coacta e&longs;t, alia dura, alia prædura, <lb/>ita ignis quidam vix e&longs;t ignis, vt cùm cande­<lb/>re ferrum incipit: alius candidor, alius &longs;plen­<lb/>didi&longs;&longs;imus. </s> <s>Cùm enim accidens &longs;it, augeri ac <lb/>minui pote&longs;t. </s> <s>Itaque ignis igne validior <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg83"></arrow.to.target><lb/>euadit &longs;ex modis. </s> <s>Natura, vt diximus: <lb/>ardentior enim celerius exurit ac ma­<lb/>gis. </s> <s>Materia, vt qui in ferro &longs;edem ha­<lb/>bet, eo qui in &longs;tipulis. </s> <s>Motu, nam magis <pb pagenum="378"/>fit penetrabilis: Magnitudine, &longs;eu propria, <lb/>&longs;eu diuturnitate temporis: hoc enim nemini <lb/>ob&longs;curum e&longs;&longs;e pote&longs;t. </s> <s>Denique re&longs;pirationis <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg84"></arrow.to.target><lb/>impedimento: non ignorant hoc nautæ, qui <lb/>exiguo foculo ollam &longs;uperponentes oll&ecedil;, om­<lb/>nes feruere cogunt, vnde paupertati con­<lb/>&longs;ultum. </s> <s>Sed oportet <emph type="italics"/>(<emph.end type="italics"/> vt dixi ) ne proprio <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg85"></arrow.to.target><lb/>fumo extinguatur igniculus, paululum illum <lb/>re&longs;pirare. </s> <s>Ob id qui impen&longs;æ con&longs;ulunt, fur­<lb/>nos exiguos ollæ in modum ex ære confi­<lb/>ciunt, clatratos in imo &longs;trictè ex ferro, vt <lb/>cinis excidere po&longs;&longs;it. </s> <s>Vltimus modus e&longs;t, <lb/>cum cogitur ignis, atque ob id calx aqua ac­<lb/>cenditur: nam calor in fornace acqui&longs;itus <lb/>ac latitans, cùm (vt dixi) ex genere ignis &longs;it, <lb/>exiguæ aquæ frigore intus concluditur, <lb/>tum motu, tum coitione ip&longs;a in ignem <lb/>euadit. <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg86"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg82"></margin.target>Ignis igne <lb/>calidior e&longs;t.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg83"></margin.target>Ignis &longs;ex <lb/>modis vali­<lb/>dior euadit.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg84"></margin.target>Modus co­<lb/>quendi cum <lb/>modico igne.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg85"></margin.target>Cur calx <lb/>aqua accen­<lb/>datur.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg86"></margin.target>Calx quæ <lb/>optima.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Optima igitur calx e&longs;t, quæ &longs;uperfu&longs;a <lb/>aqua maximos edit &longs;trepitus, & ignem <lb/>concipit, ligna accendens proxima. </s> <s>E&longs;t h&ecedil;c <lb/>plerunque coloris cinerei: nam in candida <lb/>iam ignis exhalauit, quia aër ingre&longs;&longs;us e&longs;t: <lb/>candor enim fit ingrediente nece&longs;&longs;ariò aë­<lb/>re. </s> <s>Talis autem ex &longs;olidioribus lapidibus fit: <lb/>nam lapides, vt &longs;olidiores extiterint, maio­<lb/>rem & diuturniorem calorem retinent. </s> <s>Quo­<lb/>modo verò calor in his quæ ardent relin­<lb/>quatur, & motu ac coitione ignis accen­<lb/>datur, inferius o&longs;tendemus. </s> <s>Verùm motus <lb/>non &longs;olùm penetrare magis cogit, &longs;ed & ca­</s></p><p type="main"> <s><arrow.to.target n="marg87"></arrow.to.target><lb/>lorem ip&longs;um accendit, atque ( vt dixi ignem <lb/>igne calidiorem reddit. </s> <s>Nihil mirum igitur <lb/>e&longs;t fulmini tantam ine&longs;&longs;e vim, ac ignem <lb/>illum, qua&longs;i ab aliorum ignium natura alie­<lb/>num miracula quædam efficere. </s> <s>Namque ob <lb/>motum celerem non &longs;olùm magis penetrat, <lb/>&longs;ed ignis ille multò calidior reliquo omni <lb/>igne exi&longs;tit. </s> <s>Itaque omnia animalia præter <lb/>hominem &longs;olo contactu occidit, hominem <lb/>verò vix vnquam euadere licet. </s> <s>Eua&longs;it tamen <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg88"></arrow.to.target><lb/>Ioannes Maria Cardanus, & &longs;uperuixit raro <lb/>miraculo. </s> <s>Quis verò e&longs;t alius ignis, qui &longs;olo <lb/>contactu occidat ( hoc igitur ei <emph type="italics"/>)<emph.end type="italics"/> proprium <lb/>e&longs;t, quòd calidi&longs;&longs;imus &longs;it calidi&longs;&longs;imorum, at­<lb/>que ( vt ita dicere liceat <emph type="italics"/>)<emph.end type="italics"/> ignis ignium. <lb/>Quamobrem & multum refert, an procul, & <lb/>& ex alto veniat, aut prope. </s> <s>Itaque illæ&longs;a <lb/>quandoque crumena pecunias colliquat: ne­<lb/>que e&longs;t enim hoc aut fabulo&longs;um, aut mirum. <lb/>Namque quod lædit, aut mole, aut mora <lb/>corrumpit: hic cùm tenui&longs;&longs;imus &longs;it, crume­<lb/>nam non di&longs;cerpit: cùm verò veloci&longs;&longs;imè <lb/>moueatur, non hæret, atque ob id crumenæ <lb/>innoxium. </s> <s>Tran&longs;ire autem nec hærere ob <lb/>&longs;ubtilitatem in crumenam docet aër, qui & <lb/>ip&longs;e vacua diducta crumena ingreditur, at­<lb/>que illam implet: quod fieri non po&longs;&longs;et, ni <lb/>per abditos meatus ingrederetur, quando­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg89"></arrow.to.target><lb/>quidem ip&longs;ius os diligenter ob&longs;tructum &longs;it. <lb/>Ergo ignis &longs;cintilla, fulmini&longs;que pars aëre <lb/>ip&longs;o longè tenuior, po&longs;tquàm ingre&longs;&longs;a fue­<lb/>rit, metallo infigitur, ac præ&longs;tanti&longs;&longs;ima illa <lb/>vi, tum impetu, ip&longs;um repentè liquat. </s> <s>Hanc <lb/>tam excellentem caloris ac &longs;iccitatis ïmmo­<lb/>dicæ vim, velut raram, & ob raritatem oc­<lb/>cultam, quidam turpiter proprietatem ap­<lb/>pellarunt, cùm con&longs;tet immodicum e&longs;&longs;e ca­<lb/>lorem, ac ( vt dixi ) ignis ignium. </s> <s>Mirum <lb/>autem minimè e&longs;&longs;e debet, ignem hunc, aut <lb/>alium quempiam, lapides accendere po&longs;&longs;e. <lb/>Nam ferrum haud candens, tamen accen­<lb/>dit lignum & ardere facit, & lignum &longs;ul­<lb/>phur, quamvis lignum non ardeat & &longs;ul­<lb/>phur vitæ aquam vocatam: quod enim &longs;o­<lb/>lidius e&longs;t, quod potentia tenuius e&longs;t euincit. <lb/>In &longs;olidi&longs;&longs;ima igitur materia ignis feruen­<lb/>tior lapides accendere poterit. </s> <s>Latet autem <lb/>hoc, quod magno v&longs;ui e&longs;&longs;e pote&longs;t ad vr­<lb/>bium expugnationem. </s> <s>Oportet autem cùm <lb/>magno motu hoc ignium genus nece&longs;&longs;ariò <lb/>coniunctum e&longs;&longs;e, & ( vt dixi) in &longs;olidi&longs;&longs;ima <lb/>materia. </s> <s>Sed cur fulmen columnas non fe­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg90"></arrow.to.target><lb/>rit, non carinas? </s> <s>Rarò quidem hæc ferit, non <lb/>tamen nunquam: nam Florentiæ in æde <lb/>maxima, &longs;eu potius in ædis ambitu, vidi­<lb/>mus columnam fulgure percu&longs;&longs;am ac viola­<lb/>tam: non tamen ferit frequunter, nec adeò <lb/>di&longs;iicit, quòd ob rotunditatem ictus labatur. <lb/>Carinas non ferit eadem ratione, ni&longs;i rarò: <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg91"></arrow.to.target><lb/>nam vltra quinque cubitos &longs;ub terra de&longs;cen­<lb/>dere negatur. </s> <s>Humilis autem e&longs;t carina na­<lb/>uis, ac cel&longs;a maius, quam frequenter tangit. <lb/>Ergo certum e&longs;t contra fulgura auxilium, <lb/>profundis &longs;pecubus &longs;e abdere: tutiùs enim <lb/>hoc quàm vel lauro coronari, aut vituli ma­<lb/>rini pelle tegi, aut æquilæ, aut hyacinthum <lb/>lapidem ge&longs;tare: nam negant hæc fulmine <lb/>tangi. </s> <s>Quidam ficum pro lauro &longs;crip&longs;erunt: <lb/>laurum cohibere comitiales & dæmonas, id <lb/>e&longs;t, per&longs;ua&longs;ionem illam meticulo&longs;am. </s> <s>At de <lb/>hyacintho inferius di&longs;putabimus: nam non <lb/>leues &longs;unt autores, qui hoc affirmant. </s> <s>Fulmi­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg92"></arrow.to.target><lb/>nis admiranda vis olim fuit, &longs;ed de&longs;iit e&longs;&longs;e, <lb/>bellicorum tormentorum nunc effectibus & <lb/>copia: parum enim abe&longs;&longs;e videntur à fulmi­<lb/>nis violentia. </s> <s>Illud vnde veniat, & quam <lb/>procul, ne&longs;cimus, neque quantum &longs;ecum <lb/>ponderis ferat. </s> <s>Sunt etiam qui affirment <lb/>&longs;olum ignem e&longs;&longs;e cum impetu, lapidem nul­<lb/>lum. </s> <s>Hoc &longs;olùm certò &longs;cimus, turres inte­<lb/>gras quandoque vno ictu di&longs;iici. </s> <s>Cardani è <lb/>turre vnica, quæ &longs;ola &longs;upere&longs;t, &longs;ed antiqua <lb/>tamen, laterum plu&longs;quàm 12000. vno ictu <lb/>excu&longs;&longs;it, ac di&longs;iecit. </s> <s>At machinæ hæ 60. <lb/>pleræque pondo ferri per 5000. pa&longs;&longs;uum <lb/>( mirabile certè dictu, ni dicto experientia <lb/>fidem faceret ) ferunt: eædem muros qua­<lb/>tiunt, excutiuntque turritas vrbes, nec vlla <lb/>vis tanto malo re&longs;i&longs;tere pote&longs;t. </s> <s>Leui&longs;&longs;ima <lb/>ære ex Cyprio factitio tubæ in modum ca­<lb/>nalis efficitur. </s> <s>Neque arctiores, aut latiores <lb/>in imo e&longs;&longs;e decet, quippe latiores à pila non <lb/>exactè cluduntur, & ideò minus habent im­<lb/>petus. </s> <s>Quòd &longs;i cludantur, periculum fracturæ <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg93"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;ubeunt, ob pulueris multitudinem: Arctio­<lb/>res autem ni longiores efficiantur, quantum <lb/>oportet pulueris minimè &longs;u&longs;cipiunt. </s> <s>Si lon­<lb/>giores in imo fiant, breuiores euadunt &longs;upe­<lb/>riùs, ob idque multum virium. </s> <s>Quòd &longs;i non <lb/>quantum oportet pila de&longs;cendat ferrea, reli­<lb/>cto vacuo debiliorem ictum reddunt, & ma­<lb/>chinam agitant, ac etiam quandoque fran­<lb/>gunt. </s> <s>Et tamen artifices, magno Principum <lb/>malo, ne aperti&longs;&longs;ima ratio vilior videatur, <lb/>men&longs;uras qua&longs;dam fingunt arctiores, alij <lb/>in imo, alij latiores facientes perperam, <lb/>cùm vna &longs;it ratio, vt vndique æquales <lb/>&longs;int, optima & &longs;ecuri&longs;&longs;ima. </s> <s>Machinæ ad <lb/>&longs;phærulam ponderis ratio centupla, vt <pb pagenum="379"/>&longs;i &longs;phæra quam emittere debet, &longs;it pon­<lb/>do XX. erit machina pondo MM. Cra&longs;&longs;itu­<lb/>do in imo, vbi pulueris locus e&longs;t, dodrans <lb/>dimetientis &longs;phærulæ. </s> <s>Licet autem & pon­<lb/>dus, & men&longs;uram cum eo machinæ augere; <lb/>&longs;ed minuere citra periculum fracturæ haud <lb/>licet. </s> <s>In &longs;ummo cra&longs;&longs;itudo labri machinæ <lb/>non minor triente dimetientis &longs;phærulæ. <lb/>Canalis dimetientis ( vt dixi ) æqualis dime­<lb/>tienti &longs;phærulæ & pulueris pyrij pondus <expan abbr="põ-deri">pon­<lb/>deri</expan> ip&longs;ius &longs;phærulæ. </s> <s>In minoribus <expan abbr="tam&etilde;">tamen</expan> tor­<lb/>mentis machinæ pondus ac cra&longs;&longs;itudo maio­<lb/>rem ad &longs;phærulam proportionem habere de­<lb/>bet ob &longs;ecuritatem, atque eadem ratione <lb/>pulueris pondus minus e&longs;&longs;e quàm &longs;pærulæ. <lb/>Patet ex hoc ratio quantum &longs;patij imum <lb/>debeat capere, nempe quantum &longs;atis e&longs;t ad <lb/>continendum puluerem, qui pondus &longs;phæ­<lb/>rulæ æquet. </s> <s>Foramen vbi ignis accenditur, <lb/>fundi partem etiam obtineat: nam machi­<lb/>na non adeò retrò agitur, cùm ignis &longs;olùm <lb/>pror&longs;um accendatur: ob id rectius collima­<lb/>re ictu licet, & minore periculo. </s> <s>Nam cùm <lb/>multum retrò aguntur, paruæ lædunt mili­<lb/>tes, qui eis vtuntur: magnæ, &longs;i non conti­<lb/>neantur, incertos edunt ictus, & labefa­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg94"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ctant currus quibus in&longs;ident: &longs;i vi con&longs;i&longs;tere <lb/>cogantur, fracturæ periculum &longs;ubetint. </s> <s>E&longs;t <lb/>igitur hoc vnum fracturæ &longs;ignum, vt vehe­<lb/>menter retrò agatur: aliud, &longs;i men&longs;ura non <lb/>conueniat, vt cùm tenuior fuerit, aut ar­<lb/>ctior quàm oporteat, vel inæqualis vel obli­<lb/>qua, quo nil fermè e&longs;t deterius. </s> <s>Tertium &longs;i­<lb/>gnum e&longs;t, cum materia ip&longs;a fuerit &longs;quamo­<lb/>&longs;a aut minimè tenax, aut ve&longs;icis plena, aut <lb/>rimam obduxerit. </s> <s>Quartum, cùm æruginem <lb/>contraxerit, aut aqua maduerit: quo errore <lb/>dum pompa Papiæ, anno M. D. </s> <s>X L V I. <lb/>&longs;olemnis corporis Chri&longs;ti ageretur, quin­<lb/>que aut &longs;ex viri ex his qui pompam &longs;eque­<lb/>bantur, fractis tormentis perierunt. </s> <s>Quin­<lb/>tum e&longs;t, &longs;i plus pulueris, aut tenuiorem pro <lb/>cra&longs;&longs;iore immi&longs;eris. </s> <s>Nimis enim aucto ig­<lb/>ne, nec moram ad exitum inueniente, fran­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg95"></arrow.to.target><lb/>gitur machina. </s> <s>Accidit & fractura, dum <lb/>&longs;phærula nimis violenter intruditur. </s> <s>Auxi­<lb/>lium præ&longs;tat ne frangatur &longs;u&longs;pecta iam ma­<lb/>china, &longs;i dum excutere &longs;phærulam debet, <lb/>in terra iacet: nam ea libertate in eam par­<lb/>tem agitur, ad quam ignis impellit: &longs;ed <lb/>tum valde incerto ictu & exitu. </s> <s>Ob id ma­<lb/>gnas machinas in curribus mobilibus ita <lb/>collocant, vt &longs;olo ac finitori æquidi&longs;tan­<lb/>tes &longs;int: atque &longs;ic dum ignem concepe­<lb/>rint, recta retrò, citráque periculum agantur. <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg96"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg87"></margin.target>Fulmen cur <lb/>tantam ha­<lb/>beat vim.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg88"></margin.target><expan abbr="Fulm&etilde;">Fulmen</expan> quo­<lb/>modo cru <lb/>mena illæ&longs;a <lb/>pecunias li­<lb/>quet.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg89"></margin.target>Ignis lateres <lb/>vrens.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg90"></margin.target>Fulmen ra­<lb/>rò columnas <lb/>ferit, & cur.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg91"></margin.target>Aduer&longs;us <lb/>fulgura <lb/>cautio.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg92"></margin.target><expan abbr="Machinarũ">Machinarum</expan> <lb/>ignearum <lb/>vis.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg93"></margin.target>Modus ma­<lb/>chinas igneas <lb/>faciendi.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg94"></margin.target>Signa machi­<lb/>næ quæ fra­<lb/><gap/>uræ obno­<lb/>xia &longs;it.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg95"></margin.target>Auxilium <lb/>machinarum <lb/>ne frangan­<lb/>tur.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg96"></margin.target><expan abbr="Machinarũ">Machinarum</expan> <lb/>bellicarum <lb/>duo genera <lb/>noua.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>E&longs;t & aliud genus ignei tormenti nouum, <lb/>cubiti & &longs;emis longitudine, pondere libra­<lb/>rum LXX. v&longs;que ad LXXX. </s> <s>Canalis capit <lb/>&longs;phæram pilæ paruæ magnitudine. </s> <s>Ferreo <lb/>baculo dum exoneratur, &longs;u&longs;tinetur, caudá­<lb/>que continetur: vnius hominis onus ac ma­<lb/>china: cæterùm ob cra&longs;&longs;itudinem mirum in <lb/>modum valida, nec minus tuta. </s> <s>Aliud, in <lb/>quo cauitas ampla iuxta foramen: varij mo­<lb/>dioli cauitati imponuntur, omnes eiu&longs;dem <lb/>magnitudinis, quorum canales canalibus <lb/>machinæ è directo corre&longs;pondent, vt muta­<lb/>tis modiolis non concale&longs;cat machina. </s> <s>Vi­</s></p><p type="main"> <s><arrow.to.target n="marg97"></arrow.to.target><lb/>dimus hæc Papi&ecedil; Principis Saxoniæ inuen­<lb/>ta. </s> <s>Fiunt <emph type="italics"/>(<emph.end type="italics"/> vt dixi) è Cyprio ære maiores, &longs;ed <lb/>tuti&longs;&longs;imæ è ferro, vnde nunc minores om­<lb/>nes: maiores tamen ex ferro efficere opero­<lb/>&longs;um e&longs;t, ob id pleræque è Cyprio ære. </s> <s>Tor­<lb/>no minores, maiores liquato metallo pla­<lb/>&longs;tices opera: inde etiam torno. </s> <s>Fiunt au­<lb/>tem typi pro fingendis machinis plerunque <lb/>è tribus fru&longs;tis, quoniam ex vno fingere ni­<lb/>mis e&longs;&longs;et difficile, quando vel &longs;ic etiam gra­<lb/>ue &longs;it. </s> <s>Pars vna canalis, &longs;ecunda embolus <lb/>ma&longs;culus, tertia &longs;edes. </s> <s>Ip&longs;a verò machina <lb/>plerunque ex vno con&longs;tat fru&longs;to. </s> <s>Vidi etiam <lb/>ex duobus con&longs;tantem, ac tornatili vitæ al­<lb/>teram altera ab imo alligatam. </s> <s>Materia (vt <lb/>dixi) æs Cyprium factitium. </s> <s>Con&longs;tat ære <lb/>ip&longs;o, & &longs;eptima fermè parte plumbi nigri <lb/>vel candidi, vel aurichalco. </s> <s>Sed impetus <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg98"></arrow.to.target><lb/>tanti ratio in pyrio puluere e&longs;t. </s> <s>Hic con&longs;tat <lb/>ex tribus partibus halinitri, & duabus &longs;ali­<lb/>gnei carbonis, atque vna &longs;ulphuris: conue­<lb/>nitque magnis machinis. </s> <s>Sed mediocribus <lb/>halinitri partes decem, &longs;alignei carboni <lb/>tres, &longs;ulphuris duæ. </s> <s>Paruis verò halinitri <lb/>partes decem, carbonis lignorum nucis <lb/>auellanæ ab&longs;que nodis, tum &longs;ulphuris, par­<lb/>tem vnam &longs;ingulorum. </s> <s>Contundantur hæc <lb/>ligneo malleo, madefacta priùs aqua putei, <lb/>ne ignem dum tunduntur concipiant. </s> <s>Sunt <lb/>qui acetum addant, qui ardentem aquam, <lb/>ac &longs;iccent in &longs;ole, &longs;ed non tundunt tunc: fa­<lb/>cilè enim ignem po&longs;&longs;ent concipere. </s> <s>Verùm <lb/>tota cura e&longs;t, vt omnia &longs;ic à terrena parte <lb/>expurgata &longs;int, maximè halinitrum, vt to­<lb/>tum ardeat, nec quicquam &longs;uper&longs;it. </s> <s>Dein­<lb/>de, vt ad tenui&longs;&longs;imas partes redigatur, &longs;ic <lb/>enim partes partibus optimè hærebunt: hoc <lb/>fiet, &longs;i &longs;æpiùs contundatur, made&longs;cat, &longs;ic­<lb/>cetúrque. </s> <s>Tertiò, vt cùm perfectus fuerit, <lb/>in &longs;ole &longs;iccetur: nam iuxta ignem apponere <lb/>periculo&longs;i&longs;&longs;imum e&longs;t. </s> <s>Ergo iam ta <gap/>ti effectus <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg99"></arrow.to.target><lb/>cau&longs;a quæratur. </s> <s>Impo&longs;itus hic p<gap/>is in ma­<lb/>chinam, &longs;phæruláque obducta, adiecto ab <lb/>imo machinæ extrin&longs;ecus igne illicò fermè <lb/>totus àccenditur, ac maius quàm centuplum <lb/>&longs;patium occupare nititur: quòd enim exi­<lb/>guus puluis in vola manus non minus quàm <lb/>centuplum &longs;patij occupet, experimentum <lb/>o&longs;tendet, cùm &longs;i quantum e&longs;t granum milij, <lb/>ex hoc puluere accendatur, locum nucis ig­<lb/>ne compleat. </s> <s>O&longs;tendit & ratio: nam ignis <lb/>rara materia ac tenuis magnis limitibus <lb/>continetur, cùm terra & puluis &longs;olida &longs;int <lb/>ac den&longs;a. </s> <s>Itaque accen&longs;us iam puluis cùm <lb/>in arcto &longs;it, violenter excutit machinam <lb/>vndique, nec aliubi faciliorem exitum in­<lb/>ueniens, quàm vbi &longs;phærula vi inclu&longs;a fuit, <lb/>eam magno conatu elidit, primò per canalis <lb/>&longs;patium, inde ea &longs;eruata vehementia foràs <lb/>expellit, & continuato inde impetu &longs;patia <lb/>terrarum longa &longs;uperat, & obuia quæque <lb/>euertit ac diruit. </s> <s>Par e&longs;t etiam cum magno <lb/>&longs;trepitu hæc fieri, cùm ignis ille affatim & <lb/>tanto impetu exeat, & aërem repentè con­<lb/>cutiat. </s> <s>Ip&longs;a quoque &longs;phærula &longs;tridulum <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg100"></arrow.to.target><lb/>quendam &longs;onum, dum aërem velox diuidit, <lb/>excitat. </s> <s>Tum verò halinitrum, & omne &longs;a­<lb/>lis genus, &longs;pontè etiam in libero igne po­<lb/>&longs;itum non leuem crepitum excitat. </s> <s>His tri­<lb/>bus cau&longs;is, &longs;ed prima præcipuè, dum exo­<lb/>neratur machina, fragor tantus, ac tonitru <lb/>non ab&longs;imilis excitatur. </s> <s>Sed &longs;i puluis non <pb pagenum="380"/>confertim ardeat, aut quia lentus, aut im­<lb/>purus, vel non elaboratus, vel quia parum <lb/>habeat halinitri, lentè emittit, debiliter, <lb/>& paruo cum &longs;onitu. </s> <s>At &longs;i iu&longs;to tenuior fue­<lb/>rit, tota &longs;imul ardens frangit machinam. <lb/>Manife&longs;tum e&longs;t igitur, quòd cùm celeritas <lb/>tran&longs;itus in ignem ex proportione pendeat, <lb/>caloris ad pulueris repugnantiam attenuato <lb/>autem puluere repugnantia minuatur, quòd <lb/>in infinitum hæc perfectio pulueris progre­<lb/>di pote&longs;t, &longs;ic vt momento tota accendatur. <lb/>Tunc verò cum repentè non inuenire exi­<lb/>tum po&longs;&longs;it, quippe cùm motus omnis tem­<lb/>pus po&longs;tulet, machinam franget. </s> <s>Igitur non <lb/>&longs;olùm puluerem licebit conficere, qui om­<lb/>nes machinas effringet, &longs;ed tenuiore impo­<lb/>&longs;ito maioribus machinis illæ peribunt: & <lb/>rur&longs;us cra&longs;&longs;iore tenuibus ac paruis, vix &longs;phæ­<lb/>rulam excutere poterunt. </s> <s>Igitur intra limites <lb/>certos atque angu&longs;tos po&longs;ita hæc e&longs;t ra­<lb/>tio, quæ cum tractantium machinas peri­<lb/>culo cnniuncta e&longs;t. </s> <s>Ille autem tutò & ma­<lb/>ximo cum impetu tractabit eas, & ictus di­<lb/>riget, qui qualem oportebit pro <expan abbr="machinarũ">machinarum</expan> <lb/>ratione puluerem efficiet & admini&longs;trabit. </s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg97"></margin.target>Machinæ <lb/>bebbicæ è qua <lb/>materia <expan abbr="fiãt">fiant</expan>.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg98"></margin.target>Pyrij pulue­<lb/>ris compo&longs;i­<lb/>tio.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg99"></margin.target>Cur puluis <lb/>pyrius à ma­<lb/>china tanto <lb/>impetu <expan abbr="&longs;phe-rulã">&longs;phe­<lb/>rulam</expan> mittat.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg100"></margin.target>Cau&longs;a &longs;oni­<lb/>tus magni <lb/>machinarum <lb/>dum exone­<lb/>rantur.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Porrò eadem quæ machinarum, &longs;ed ad­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg101"></arrow.to.target><lb/>mirabilior cuniculorum ratio e&longs;t. </s> <s>Huius tam <lb/>atrocis inuenti auctor fuit Franci&longs;cus Geor­<lb/>gius Senen&longs;is. </s> <s>Docuit hic Hi&longs;panos arcem <lb/>Lucullianam iuxta Neapolim, quam Galli <lb/>tuebantur, nunc Ouum vocatam, euerte­<lb/>re, æde illius &longs;acra cum Gallis, qui intus <lb/>erant, etiam in mare ex monte tran&longs;lata. <lb/>Ergo cùm arx maximè in monte iacet, vi­<lb/>detúrque ob &longs;itum inexpugnabilis, cu­<lb/>niculum effodiunt obliquum, altitudi­<lb/>nis quatuor cubitorum, latitudinis duo­<lb/>rum: nec multum refert obliquitas, dum <lb/>procul fueris: &longs;ed cùm ad locum quem &longs;u­<lb/>bruere de&longs;tinas perueneris, obliquum &longs;pe­<lb/>cum e&longs;&longs;e oportet, vt iuxta A, tum verò ibi <lb/>etiam &longs;olidam montis &longs;ub&longs;tantiam, ne vis <lb/><figure id="fig12"></figure><lb/>ignis conclu&longs;i raritate loci euane&longs;cat: inde <lb/>locus ille puluere totus fermè completur py­<lb/>rio, eóque tenui&longs;&longs;imo. </s> <s>Funis verò deduci­<lb/>tur ex A, v&longs;que ad &longs;pecus o&longs;tium B, hic iux­<lb/>ta A, vbi puluis e&longs;t, cra&longs;&longs;us ac latus in mo­<lb/>dum flocci. </s> <s>Totus autem funis aceto, &longs;ul­<lb/>phure & halinitro incoquitur: inde intectus <lb/>pyrio puluere, &longs;iccatur in &longs;ole: denuò &longs;icca­<lb/>to in&longs;pergitur tenui&longs;&longs;imus puluis pyrius, & <lb/>arundine circumueftitur ab A, v&longs;que ad B: <lb/>inde cuneis, lapidibú&longs;que C, o&longs;tium, & <lb/>v&longs;que ad D, clauditur adeò diligenter, vt <lb/>&longs;olius arundinis locus relinquatur. </s> <s>Igitur <lb/>accen&longs;o B, funis initio, celerrimè ob pul­<lb/>uerem pyrium ignis v&longs;que ad A, permeat, <lb/>accenditque puluerem totum: cúmque cu­<lb/>neis & lapidibus ob&longs;tructus locus &longs;it, nec &longs;i <lb/>extrudantur vllus pateat exitus, quia E, noo <lb/>e&longs;t in directo A, nec D, in directo C, nec <lb/>B, in directo ED, nece&longs;&longs;arium e&longs;t vt di&longs;ru­<lb/>pto monte, quicquid &longs;uperius e&longs;t euertat, <lb/>totam montis molem concutiens. </s> <s>Ob id <lb/>viam BA, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> breuem e&longs;&longs;e oportet: nec locum <lb/>A, aliqua ex tenui montis parte, ne qua <lb/>tenue e&longs;&longs;et ob&longs;taculum ignis erumperet, &longs;u­<lb/>periorémque locum illæ&longs;um permittere. <lb/>Obliquitas igitur &longs;pecustanti miraculi cau­<lb/>&longs;a e&longs;t, vt etiam montes euertantur. </s> <s>Refe­<lb/>runt hæc cuniculorum antiquam rationem <lb/>omnibus tunc notam: cùm & pari modo <lb/>obuiam tuti&longs;&longs;imè itur effo&longs;&longs;a è regione ter­<lb/>ra, vt cuniculis occurrentes ignem exhala­<lb/>re cogamus, & irritum illius impetum red­<lb/>damus. </s> <s>Vt verò rectè cuniculis occurramus, <lb/>docet &longs;onus fodientium, qui va&longs;is æneis cir­<lb/>cum circa iuxta aggerem intus di&longs;po&longs;itis, per <lb/>noctis &longs;ilentium excipitur. </s> <s>Et quamvis in­<lb/>fatigabili opere illum ob&longs;curare inconditis <lb/>&longs;trepitibus ho&longs;tes nitantur: &longs;i tamen ob&longs;e&longs;&longs;i <lb/>accuratius atque diligentius rei incumbant <lb/>indu&longs;tria atque &longs;olertia, faba in auctorem <lb/>cudetur: ip&longs;i&longs;que doli auctoribus inuentum <lb/>damno&longs;ius erit, quàm his aduer&longs;us quos do­<lb/>lus hic excogitatus e&longs;t. </s> <s>Perilai boui &longs;imilem <lb/>exitum habens. </s> <s>Adde quòd per&longs;æpe, vt in <lb/>Cunnei præ&longs;enti ob&longs;idione parum peritis <lb/>Ducibus ab eli&longs;a murorum, & terræ mole <lb/>acies militum obruuntur, vt quaqua ver­<lb/>&longs;um, & quam longè ca&longs;ura &longs;it præ&longs;cire opor­<lb/>teat. </s> <s>Porrò quomodo hæc docere conue­<lb/>niat, in libris de Æternitatis arcanis defini­<lb/>tum e&longs;t. </s> <s>Sed cui nondum ratio ex libris illis <lb/>tradendi, vtendique non in bonorum perni­<lb/>ciem per&longs;pecta fuerit, nepharij propo&longs;iti e&longs;t <lb/>etiam vulgata, nedum abdita, huius generis <lb/>tradere. </s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg101"></margin.target>Cuniculo­<lb/>rum igneo­<lb/>rum quos <lb/>minas vo­<lb/>cant, ratio.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Sed his relictis, rur&longs;us ad ignis vim re­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg102"></arrow.to.target><lb/>deamus, ex qua non leues dubitationes or­<lb/>tum habent. </s> <s>Nam cùm dixerimus motu il­<lb/>lum con&longs;eruari, cur, dicet aliquis, melius <lb/>&longs;ub cineribus pruna &longs;eruatur quam detecta, <lb/>cùm cineres omnem prohibeant motum <gap/><lb/>Hæc facilis e&longs;t dubitatio, atque ad hunc li­<lb/>brum minimè pertinens, in quo propo&longs;itum <lb/>e&longs;t, &longs;olum magna & difficillima ac pulcher­<lb/>rima per&longs;equi. </s> <s>Quamobrem in po&longs;terum <gap/><lb/>talibus ab&longs;tinebo, qualis e&longs;t hæc propo&longs;ita <lb/>dubitatio. </s> <s>Itaque illi re&longs;pondere &longs;atis e&longs;t, <lb/>ignem &longs;emper motum habere aliquem, &longs;ed <lb/>prunas admodum tenuem, qui etiam &longs;ub ci­<lb/>neribus maneat. </s> <s>Cùm igitur prunæ detectæ <lb/>&longs;unt, aër corrumpit ignem illum circum­<lb/>&longs;tans: mauult enim corrumpere quam cor­<lb/>rumpi: nec tam tenuis motus illum &longs;eruare <lb/>pote&longs;t, verum contectus cinere, ab aëris <lb/>offen&longs;a tutus e&longs;t. </s> <s>Itaque tribus modis ignis <lb/>&longs;eruatur: vel cum motum ex &longs;eip&longs;o excitat, <lb/>vt in cereis, & generaliter vbi flamma mo­<lb/>tu &longs;uo &longs;eip&longs;am tuetur: vel cùm aliunde mo­<lb/>tu fouetur, vt flante vento, vel follibus, <lb/>vnde magna incendia fermè omnia dum <lb/>venti validi flarent, facta &longs;unt. </s> <s>Tertiò, cùm <lb/>tutus e&longs;t ab aëre, &longs;ic tamen vt re&longs;pirare po&longs;­<lb/>&longs;it, velut &longs;ub cineribus. </s> <s>Nec refert an cine­<lb/>res alieni &longs;int, an vt in quibu&longs;dam lignis <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg103"></arrow.to.target><lb/>contingit, illos &longs;ibi circumcirca paret. </s> <s>Alia <lb/>e&longs;t etiam dubitatio cur ignem magis &longs;olea­<lb/>mus dicere &longs;ub&longs;tantiam quam glaciem: nam <lb/>nemo glaciem &longs;ub&longs;tantiam dixit, ignem <pb pagenum="381"/>autem plerique non &longs;olum dixerunt, &longs;ed <lb/>etiam exi&longs;timauerunt, cùm tamen ambo ac­<lb/>cidentia &longs;int. </s> <s>Cau&longs;a e&longs;t in promptu. </s> <s>Acciden­<lb/>tia &longs;olemus appellare, quæ ad&longs;unt non cor­<lb/>rupto &longs;ubiecto: talis autem videtur glacies. <lb/>Nam gelu concreta aqua, lac, vinum, &longs;o­<lb/>luto gelu eadem con&longs;piciuntur. </s> <s>At igne ple­<lb/>raque corrumpuntur, & quæ manent, vt <lb/>lapides & metalla, læ&longs;a vehementer vi­<lb/>dentur, præter aurum & argentum, & pau­<lb/>culas gemmas: ob id ignem arbitrabantur <lb/>maius aliquid e&longs;&longs;e quàm calorem. </s> <s>Huius <lb/>tamen differentiæ cau&longs;am &longs;uperius docui­<lb/>mus. <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg104"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg102"></margin.target>Cur ignis <lb/>&longs;ub cineri­<lb/>bus &longs;eru<gap/>ur<gap/></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg103"></margin.target>Cur ignem <lb/>magis &longs;ub­<lb/>&longs;tantiam e&longs;&longs;e<gap/><lb/>dicamus <lb/><expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> glaciem.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg104"></margin.target>An aliquis <lb/>ignis non <lb/>&longs;plendeat.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Erat & aliud dubitatione dignum: quo­<lb/>niam ignis quiddam à quocunque calore &longs;e­<lb/>paratum videbatur, non tamen e&longs;t, licet co­<lb/>lorem mutet, & &longs;ibi &longs;imilem facilè gignat. <lb/>Sed non omnis ignis &longs;plendet: etenim fer­<lb/>rum igneum &longs;ulphur accendit & vrit, ex <lb/>quo patet ip&longs;um ignis iam formam conce­</s></p><p type="main"> <s><arrow.to.target n="marg105"></arrow.to.target><lb/>pi&longs;&longs;e, nec tamen &longs;plendere. </s> <s>Ita diuer&longs;a ra­<lb/>tione ignis quem ardens aqua emittit, non <lb/>&longs;olùm ob &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ raritatem, &longs;ed quia mi­<lb/>nus calidus e&longs;t: ob id et&longs;i con&longs;umatur & <lb/>&longs;plendeat, vix dicam illum ignem, qui lin­<lb/>teum cui inhæret, & quod aqua ip&longs;a maduit, <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg106"></arrow.to.target><lb/>non vrat, ignem dici debere. </s> <s>Eadem ratio­<lb/>&longs;ie &longs;i diutiùs di&longs;tilletur, attenuetúrque ma­<lb/>gis, magno miraculo manus ardebit, neque <lb/>&longs;entiet. </s> <s>Itaque &longs;i quis rectè in&longs;piciat, po&longs;t­<lb/>quàm calor certam metam attigit, ignis di­<lb/>ci meretur: hæc autem meta non vna e&longs;t, <lb/>&longs;ed quum aërem vincere pote&longs;t. </s> <s>Quum verò <lb/>eò iam peruenerit, &longs;plendoris & lucis ac ro­<lb/>boris tantùm acquirit, quantum etiam ca­<lb/>lor ip&longs;e, ip&longs;éque ignis augetur. </s> <s>Vim verò <lb/>iuxta &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ, cui ine&longs;t, den&longs;itatem: nam <lb/>pruna calidior ob id flamma e&longs;t, adeò vt py­<lb/>rius puluis à pruna &longs;tatim à flamma vix ac­<lb/>cendatur: atque id qui cau&longs;am ignorant, <lb/>tanquam rem magnam admirantur. </s> <s>Ergo <lb/>vt ab initio dixi, ignis nihil aliud e&longs;t, quàm <lb/>calor valde magnus cum &longs;iccitate iunctus: <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg107"></arrow.to.target><lb/>nam ab&longs;que &longs;iccitate ignis e&longs;&longs;e non pote&longs;t, <lb/>aliter aqua feruens ignis e&longs;&longs;e po&longs;&longs;et. </s> <s>Non <lb/>minus igitur ignis e&longs;&longs;entia à &longs;iccitate ip&longs;a <lb/>pendet, quàm à calore. </s> <s>Hac igitur de cau­<lb/>&longs;a faces è quocunque ligno facere edocti <lb/>&longs;umus: &longs;ed &longs;i ex den&longs;iore ac &longs;olidiore, diu­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg108"></arrow.to.target><lb/>turniores. </s> <s>Stolonem querneum, cubi cra&longs;­<lb/>&longs;itudine à vertice ad imum diuides in pluri­<lb/>ma fru&longs;ta, velut duodecim, aut &longs;exdecim, <lb/>pluráve, ita vt imum integrum maneat, in­<lb/>de &longs;iccetur in furno duobus, tribú&longs;ve die­<lb/>bus: exclu&longs;o itaque humido aqueo quum <lb/>remaneat quod pingue e&longs;t, ardet vt tœda: <lb/>& &longs;i longitudine hominem æquat, durat <lb/>alacris flamma per horæ ac dimidiæ &longs;patium <lb/>lumine &longs;plendidi&longs;&longs;imo. </s> <s>Ergo, vt iam dixi, <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg109"></arrow.to.target><lb/>tam frigidis ignis extinguitur, quàm humi­<lb/>dis obruitur: ab humidis quidem duabus cau­<lb/>&longs;is, tum vt contrariis, tum quòd re&longs;pirare ac <lb/>moueri illum prohibeant: à frigidis autem, <lb/>&longs;olùm vt contrariis. </s> <s>Ab aqua igitur, triplici <lb/>ratione extinguitur. <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg110"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg105"></margin.target>Aqua <expan abbr="ard&etilde;s">ardens</expan> <lb/>vritur illæ&longs;o <lb/>linteo quòd <lb/>ea madet.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg106"></margin.target>Manus vt <lb/>ardeat ho­<lb/>mine non <lb/>&longs;entiente.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg107"></margin.target>Ignis ratio <lb/>non minus <lb/>con&longs;tat &longs;ic­<lb/>citate quam <lb/>calore.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg108"></margin.target>Faces quo­<lb/>modo è quo­<lb/>cunque ligno <lb/>fiant.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg109"></margin.target>Ignis ab <lb/>aqua triplici <lb/>ratione ex­<lb/>tinguitur.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg110"></margin.target>Modi quibus <lb/>ignis genera­<lb/>tur.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Nunc tandem &longs;upere&longs;t, vt cau&longs;as gene­<lb/>rationis illius o&longs;tendamus, neque leuem <lb/>habent in &longs;e ob&longs;curitatem. </s> <s>Igitur primò, <lb/>quot modis fiat con&longs;ideremus. </s> <s>Fit autem <lb/>propagatione, anti&longs;pa&longs;i percu&longs;&longs;ione, fri­<lb/>ctione, putredine, coïtione. </s> <s>Nam qui vel <lb/>&longs;peculis concauis, vel &longs;phærulis per&longs;picuis <lb/>generantur, ad coïtionem manife&longs;tè perti­<lb/>net. </s> <s>Sed coïtionis o&longs;cura ratio non e&longs;t, nam­<lb/>que &longs;i denis viris nummos denos di&longs;tri­<lb/>buas, &longs;inguli habebunt nummum: &longs;ed &longs;i in <lb/>quinque, binos. </s> <s>Si igitur calor qui per ma­<lb/>gnum &longs;patium di&longs;per&longs;us e&longs;t, in vnum con­<lb/>trahatur, quicquid magnæ illi quantitati <lb/>inerat, & modicæ illi ine&longs;t: quamobrem <lb/>magnus calor in paruo &longs;patio contentus, <lb/>magnos effectus producet, magnú&longs;que ob <lb/>id dici merebitur, atque ob id ignis. </s> <s>Hoc <lb/>enim adeò planè expo&longs;itum e&longs;t, vt repetere <lb/>haud &longs;it nece&longs;&longs;arium. </s> <s>Sed qui anti&longs;pa&longs;i fit, <lb/>ad coïtionem reducitur. </s> <s>Non enim ob aliud <lb/>anti&longs;pa&longs;is accedit, quàm quòd in vnum co­<lb/>git: ergo & huius cau&longs;a cognita e&longs;t. </s> <s>Propa­<lb/>gatione autem o&longs;tendimus quomodo gene­<lb/>retur &longs;uperius. </s> <s>Vnumquódque enim natura <lb/>con&longs;tantium atque mortalium &longs;ibi &longs;imile ge­<lb/>nerare aptum e&longs;t, itaque nihil mirum ex ig­<lb/>ne ignem accendi: verùm frictio & percu&longs;­<lb/>&longs;io à motu initium habent: putredo autem <lb/>non &longs;ufficit ignem accendere, &longs;ed vel alio <lb/>calore confirmatur, aut motu, aut anti&longs;pa­<lb/>&longs;i, atque coïtione. </s> <s>Itaque &longs;i quo modo mo­</s></p><p type="main"> <s><arrow.to.target n="marg111"></arrow.to.target><lb/>tu ignis accendatur docuerimus, modos om­<lb/>nes &longs;imul quibus ignis accendi po&longs;&longs;it de­<lb/>mon&longs;trabimus: & quòd tantùm tres verè <lb/>&longs;int, coïtio, propagationem motus, quan­<lb/>quam longè plures e&longs;&longs;e videantur. </s> <s>O&longs;tende­<lb/>re autem quomodo ignis à motu generetur, <lb/>non aliud e&longs;t, quàm quomodo motus &longs;it <lb/>cau&longs;a caloris demon&longs;trare: nam &longs;i motus e&longs;t <lb/>cau&longs;a caloris, erit & augmenti illius. </s> <s>Ignis <lb/>autem ( vt diximus ) nihil aliud e&longs;t, quàm <lb/>color in immen&longs;um auctus. </s> <s>Ergo quónam <lb/>pacto motus calefacit, inquirunt Ari&longs;tote­<lb/>lici, ac multa nugantur: tandem verò ad id <lb/>redeunt, vt calor &longs;it effectus motus: e&longs;tque <lb/>hoc ac &longs;i dicerent, Ne&longs;cimus. </s> <s>Idem enim <lb/>per idem o&longs;tendere, certum nugacis atque <lb/>imperiti argumentum e&longs;t. </s> <s>Quid tandem ob&longs;­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg112"></arrow.to.target><lb/>curè & &longs;uo more dixerunt quidam, quòd <lb/>calor hic in aëre iam e&longs;t, &longs;ed per motum ad <lb/>formam illam deducitur, e&longs;&longs;éque hunc ca­<lb/>lorem illum qui à de&longs;ideribus prouenerit? <lb/>O egregium hominem: calida non cen&longs;ent <lb/>a&longs;tra, inde calorem illum a&longs;trorum ignem <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e volunt. </s> <s>Quòd et&longs;i caliditatem efficere <lb/>&longs;idera, quæ calida e&longs;&longs;e negant concedatur, <lb/>rur&longs;us dubitatio emergit, quomodo calo­<lb/>rem illum motus augeat. </s> <s>Certum enim e&longs;t, <lb/>conceptam caliditatem antè à &longs;yderibus ab&longs;­<lb/>que motu nondum e&longs;&longs;e igneam. </s> <s>Alexander <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg113"></arrow.to.target><lb/>rectè &longs;entit in hoc, quòd non ex lapidibus <lb/>excutitur ignis, &longs;ed aër qui ibi continetur, <lb/>attritu repentino vertitur in ignem. </s> <s>Sed &longs;i <lb/>ita e&longs;t, cur non è &longs;olidi&longs;&longs;imis lapidibus, vt <lb/>porphyrite, ac duri&longs;&longs;imis magis excutitur, <lb/>quàm à mollioribus, vt chry&longs;tallo & chal­<lb/>cedonio? </s> <s>Rur&longs;us, cur non è duobus lapidi­<lb/>bus eiu&longs;dem generis magis, vt chry&longs;tallinis, <lb/>quàm è chry&longs;tallo & chalybe ignis proue­<lb/>nit? </s> <s>Deinde, cur ( quod maximum e&longs;t ) &longs;i <lb/>&longs;olus aër accenditur, &longs;cintillæ illæ magna <lb/>ex parte, ac veluti graues, lento proce&longs;&longs;u <lb/>de&longs;cendunt? </s> <s>Nam purus ignis, aut non de&longs;-<pb pagenum="382"/>cendit, aut &longs;i impetu cogatur, celeriter de&longs;­<lb/>cendit. </s> <s>Cùm igitur lentè de&longs;cendant quæ­<lb/>dam, non ex &longs;olo aëre illæ con&longs;tant. </s> <s>Ergo <lb/>quòd non &longs;it in lapide ignis conceptus, re­<lb/>ctè dixit Alexander: vret enim ignis lapi­<lb/>dem, & rur&longs;us lapis tangentis manum, <lb/>& facilè accenderetur, & alimento indige­<lb/>ret, & duobus lapidibus concu&longs;&longs;is &longs;imul fa­<lb/>cilè elideretur, vt duobus chalcedoniis, at­<lb/>tritus enim &longs;ufficeret ad elidendum ignem: <lb/>quorum nullum cum verum &longs;it, liquidò con­<lb/>&longs;tat ignem in lapide non contineri. </s> <s>Sed nec <lb/>rur&longs;us ( vt dixi <emph type="italics"/>)<emph.end type="italics"/> ex aëre generantur: nam <lb/>lapides vt duriores &longs;unt, indigent maiore <lb/>percu&longs;&longs;ione vt ignis generetur. </s> <s>Ergo &longs;i &longs;o­<lb/>lùm &longs;ufficeret aërem repentè concuti ex tali <lb/>ictu, qualis e&longs;t is quo è chalybe, & chry­<lb/>&longs;tallo ignis excutitur, ex duobus chalybis <lb/>fru&longs;tis po&longs;&longs;et ignis generari: at non e&longs;t &longs;ic, <lb/>&longs;ed, ( vt dixi <emph type="italics"/>)<emph.end type="italics"/> duriora vehementiores ictus <lb/>expo&longs;cunt, ignémque creant &longs;olidiorem ac <lb/>viuaciorem, vt cuius quandoque &longs;cintilla <lb/>non paruo maneat tempore. </s> <s>Quinetiam qui­<lb/>dam &longs;unt lapides vitrei ac molles, qui leui&longs;­<lb/>&longs;imis ictibus, vel &longs;olùm tacti, ignem, &longs;ed <lb/>minimè viuacem, edunt. </s> <s>Indicium verò <lb/>certum e&longs;t ex lapidis &longs;ub&longs;tantia ignem ge­<lb/>nerari, quòd &longs;ine illius attritione nunquam <lb/>eliditur: aër etiam <emph type="italics"/>(<emph.end type="italics"/> vt diximus) in flam­<lb/>mam, non &longs;cintillas, vertitur. </s> <s>Quinetiam <lb/>molæ circumactæ, cùm aqua non aëre ob­<lb/>ductæ &longs;int, ignem tamen emittunt: lapides <lb/>etiam ip&longs;i non ni&longs;i ex angulis. </s> <s>Itaque non <lb/>in lapidibus abditus latet ignis, nec concu&longs;­<lb/>&longs;o aëre ex aëre generantur. </s> <s>Sed nec quòd in <lb/>illis potentia &longs;it ignis, vllum certum e&longs;t in­<lb/>dicium: vix enim in ignem proiecti accen­<lb/>duntur, nec à frigido vnquam inflamman­<lb/>tur, & epoti &longs;trenuè refrigerant. </s> <s>Quare ma­<lb/>nife&longs;tum e&longs;t, ex attritione lapidis ad tenui&longs;­<lb/>&longs;imas partes illius &longs;ub&longs;tantia redacta, ignem <lb/>generari, e&longs;&longs;éque huius materiam, vel il­<lb/>lius ad hoc aptiorem. </s> <s>Namque puriores ac <lb/>non parum duri, ac tenui &longs;ub&longs;tantia con­<lb/>&longs;tantes, vt chalcedonij, chry&longs;talli, atque <lb/>huiu&longs;cemodi, apti&longs;&longs;imi &longs;unt: contrà fragi­<lb/>les, aut præduri, aut cra&longs;&longs;a con&longs;tantes &longs;ub­<lb/>&longs;tantia, minimè apti. </s> <s>Sic etiam ex &longs;agittæ <lb/>motu plumbum lique&longs;cit: quoniam extre­<lb/>mæ partes, minimè angulorum, quæ tenui&longs;­<lb/>&longs;imæ &longs;unt, atteruntur. </s> <s>Idem contingit in <lb/>longo motu, quòd in pluribus exiguis repe­<lb/>titis: velut cùm tabulæ gladium affricamus: <lb/>&longs;ed hic eo vehementior attritio, quo id quod <lb/>&longs;uppo&longs;itum e&longs;t, etiam duritie &longs;ua re&longs;i&longs;tit, vt <lb/>aër in medio compre&longs;&longs;us dum attenuatur at­<lb/>tenuat. </s> <s>Sed ad id vnde digre&longs;&longs;us eram, de <lb/>motu accendente calorem, reuerti opus e&longs;t: <lb/>nam ex hoc omnia fermè pendêre videntur. <lb/>Itaque ex aqua ignem vnquam accendi vi­<lb/>demus, ex aëre autem non ni&longs;i propagatio­<lb/>ne, non motu: & &longs;i humidorum aliquod <lb/>accenditur, vt oleum ac vinum, ab igne, <lb/>non non motu, inflammatur. </s> <s>Ergo quod <lb/>motu acceenditur, &longs;iccum e&longs;&longs;e oportet, non <lb/>humidum: quod verò ab alio igne, etiam <lb/>humidum e&longs;&longs;e pote&longs;t. </s> <s>Quòd igitur &longs;iccum <lb/>e&longs;t ac vehementer, iam ex dimidio ignis <lb/>e&longs;t. </s> <s>E&longs;t enim ( vt dixi ) ignis vehemens cali­<lb/>ditas ac &longs;iccitas. </s> <s>Indiget igitur hoc quod <lb/>&longs;iccum e&longs;t, vt tantum incale&longs;cat: verùm <lb/>partis & totius eadem ratio e&longs;t. </s> <s>Si enim in­<lb/>cale&longs;cit motu vehementi, etiam vehemen­<lb/>ter incale&longs;cet. </s> <s>Cùm igitur &longs;iccum motu col­<lb/>liditur, vt rarum euadat ac tenuè nece&longs;&longs;e <lb/>e&longs;t: at tenuis &longs;ub&longs;tantia & &longs;icca, ignea e&longs;t. <lb/>Vnaquæque enim materia &longs;ub certa quan­<lb/>titate formam ad &longs;e rapit. </s> <s>Hoc &longs;olùm e&longs;t igi­<lb/>tur bene dictum, quòd calor ille qui è &longs;yde­<lb/>bus mi&longs;tis ine&longs;t &longs;iccæ iunctus materiæ, dum <lb/>motu nimis attenuatur non repugnante hu­<lb/>mido, quippe cùm &longs;iccam eam iam &longs;uppo­<lb/>&longs;uerimus, nec formà priore vt pote lapidis, <lb/>adeò ob tenuitatem debilitatæ, ne &longs;imul <lb/>qualitates lapidis ade&longs;&longs;ent, abe&longs;&longs;et verò &longs;ub­<lb/>&longs;tantia, ignis formam &longs;u&longs;cipiunt calore <lb/>agente. </s> <s>Ergo hic modus coïtioni, qua&longs;i con­<lb/>trarius e&longs;t: in illo con&longs;tante materia calor <lb/>cogitur, hîc &longs;ub eodem calore materia ip­<lb/>&longs;a attenuatur. </s> <s>Indicio e&longs;t hanc e&longs;&longs;e cau­<lb/>&longs;am, quòd aqua motu in aërem verti­<lb/>tur, vt qui&longs;que vbi illæ cadunt magno im­<lb/>petu pote&longs;t videre. </s> <s>Nam attenuata &longs;ub&longs;tan­<lb/>tia cùm humido iuncta &longs;it, aëris formam <lb/>induit. <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg114"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg111"></margin.target>Motus quo­<lb/>modo <expan abbr="calor&etilde;">calorem</expan> <lb/>& ignem ge­<lb/>neret.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg112"></margin.target>Auerroës in <lb/>paraphra&longs;i <lb/>Metaphy. <lb/>tract. </s> <s>2. <lb/>col. </s> <s>2.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg113"></margin.target>Quomodo <gap/><lb/>lapidibus ig­<lb/>nis excutia­<lb/>tur.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg114"></margin.target>Frigus nihil <lb/>e&longs;t actu, &longs;ed <lb/>&longs;ola caloris <lb/>priuatio.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Verùm dubitabis, in frigido aëre ac ma­<lb/>teria, in qua iam frigus &longs;uperat, vt in lapi­<lb/>de, cur calor in&longs;urgit, cùm frigus &longs;it poten­<lb/>tius? </s> <s>Re&longs;pondeo, frigus &longs;i pro actu intelli­<lb/>gatur, nihil e&longs;&longs;e ni&longs;i calorem illum exiguum: <lb/>quod autem non e&longs;t, nullas habet opera­<lb/>tiones. </s> <s>Ob id frigus non in&longs;urgit, cùm &longs;ola <lb/>priuatio quædam &longs;it, &longs;ed calor, qui tamen <lb/>ad paucitatem &longs;ubiectæ materiæ compara­<lb/>tus, magnus e&longs;t. </s> <s>Indicio e&longs;t frigus nihil om­<lb/>ninò e&longs;&longs;e præter caloris priuationem, ter­<lb/>tianarum rigor, in quo cùm nulla &longs;it mate­<lb/>ria frigida, &longs;ed &longs;olius caloris fuga, frigus <lb/>tamen non leue &longs;entitur. </s> <s>Vbi ergo calor exi­<lb/>guus in materia pauca fuerit, &longs;eruatur. </s> <s>Ea­<lb/>dem ratione nec &longs;iccitas aliud e&longs;t, quam hu­<lb/>midi priuatio. </s> <s>Quamobrem &longs;icca humectari </s></p><p type="main"> <s><arrow.to.target n="marg115"></arrow.to.target><lb/>impo&longs;&longs;ibile e&longs;t, cum non &longs;it reditus ad ha­<lb/>bitum ex priuatione. </s> <s>Sed difficilius e&longs;t hu­<lb/>mectare, quia humidum principium e&longs;t ex <lb/>elemento, calor ex cœlo, quod &longs;emper dif­<lb/>fundit. </s> <s>Re&longs;taurantur igitur &longs;olis adiectis ma­<lb/>teriis. </s> <s>At infrigidare, aut &longs;iccare, faciliùs <lb/>conceditur, cùm impedimento con&longs;tent hæ <lb/>mutationes. </s> <s>Iu&longs;tè ætherem, & aquam prin­<lb/>cipium naturalium rerum antiqui po&longs;uêre, <lb/>quòd in altero calor dominari exi&longs;timatur <lb/>in reliquo abundet humidum. </s> <s>Iu&longs;tius aërem, <lb/>&longs;i ille calidus e&longs;&longs;et & humidus. </s> <s>Terram ne­<lb/>mo: nam ip&longs;a frigida, &longs;iccáque e&longs;t. </s> <s>Sed ca­<lb/>lida præter naturam difficilè refrigerantur, <lb/>motus enim con&longs;eruat. </s> <s>Ergo difficilius <lb/>quæ natura talia &longs;unt, motus enim eo­<lb/>rum perpetuus. </s> <s>Verùm in aëre frigido <lb/>&longs;cintilla ignis illicò, ni &longs;uccurratur, extin­<lb/>guitur. </s> <s>Sed aër non pote&longs;t prohibere gene­<lb/>rationem quæ intus fit, illo tantùm circum­<lb/>ambiente. </s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg115"></margin.target>Siccitas non <lb/>e&longs;t ni&longs;i hu­<lb/>midi priua­<lb/>tio.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Verùm rur&longs;us dices: &longs;i frigus nihil e&longs;t <lb/>actu, &longs;ed &longs;ola caloris priuatio, quomodo <lb/>frigida refrigerant, vt calida calefaciunt? <lb/>Frigus &longs;emper e&longs;t cùm multa maria, im­<lb/>po&longs;&longs;ibile verò tenui&longs;&longs;imum aliquid e&longs;&longs;e fri­<lb/>gidum: multa materia impedit, nec ca­<lb/>lo penetrare po&longs;&longs;it neque moueri, quare hoc <pb pagenum="383"/>modo refrigerat. </s> <s>Ergo quod calefacit, per <lb/>&longs;e calefacit: quòd refrigerat, &longs;olùm ex ac­<lb/>cidenti. </s> <s>Repugnabis for&longs;an, quoniam re­<lb/>frigerari &longs;entimus nos, non aliter à frigidis <lb/>tum repentè, vt à calidis calefieri, vt pro­<lb/>ducta frigoris quædam &longs;pecies videatur. <lb/>Equidem ( vt dixi ) nihil aliud e&longs;t frigidum, <lb/>quàm caloris priuatio: & quæ mouentur <lb/>nec con&longs;i&longs;tunt, refrigerantur, vt aqua, & <lb/>ventorum validorum aër. </s> <s>Porrò cùm conta­<lb/>ctu re&longs;rigeratur, &longs;olùm &longs;uperficies refrigera­<lb/>tur, fugiente intus palàm calore: nec po&longs;&longs;ibi­<lb/>le e&longs;t ob hoc &longs;ubitò quippiam refrigerari, <lb/>mora autem ducta refrigerantur etiam pe­<lb/>niti&longs;&longs;imæ partes. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Atque hæc vera &longs;unt rerum naturalium <lb/>fundamenta, in quibus nihil e&longs;t repugnans. <lb/>Qui verò eas qualitates &longs;ub&longs;tantiis affixas <lb/>imaginantur, & frigiditatem aliquod e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>naturæ principium, in difficillimas perue­<lb/>niunt quæ&longs;tiones, rerúmque quæ videntur <lb/>cau&longs;as dicere non po&longs;&longs;unt, omniáque &longs;ilen­<lb/>tio ac verbis ob&longs;curis inuoluere, tum etiam <lb/>ambiguis, nituntur. </s> <s>Igitur calor ip&longs;e propria <lb/>qualitas e&longs;t cœle&longs;tis, hæc agitans corpora, <lb/>quæ motu adiuta ignem creat. </s> <s>Si à materia <lb/>obruatur ac impediatur, frigus gignit. </s> <s>Quæ­<lb/>cunque autem motu non eadem manent, <lb/>frigidiora euadunt, vt aqua & aër. </s> <s>Aëris <lb/>verò temperiem facit radiorum multitu­<lb/>do Solis, tum &longs;yderum, quos excipit, <lb/>qui illum calefaciunt. </s> <s>Terra verò non adeò <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e frigida pote&longs;t vt aqua, quoniam non <lb/>mouetur. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>His itaque con&longs;titutis, quibus non pauca <lb/>quæ iamdiu latuerunt, o&longs;tendemus naturæ <lb/>&longs;ecreta, ad ignis rur&longs;us hi&longs;toriam reuertan­<lb/>tur. </s> <s>Verùm de &longs;ub&longs;tantiarum &longs;ubtilitate ali­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg116"></arrow.to.target><lb/>qua priùs præponere oportet. </s> <s>Quædam igi­<lb/>tui dicuntur tenues per &longs;e, vt aër: quædam <lb/>quantitate, vt capilli: quædam quia fluunt, <lb/>vt &longs;anguis: quædam quia in partes tenui&longs;&longs;i­<lb/>mas diuidi po&longs;&longs;unt, vt aurum: aliæ quia plu­<lb/>ra ex his habent, vt &longs;pititus, qui no&longs;tra­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg117"></arrow.to.target><lb/>rum &longs;unt operationum in&longs;trumenta. </s> <s>Fiunt <lb/>autem ab arte pleraque tenuia, velut plum­<lb/>bum, quòd adeò attenuatur arte, vt in pul­<lb/>uerem redigatur, ex quo horologia fieri &longs;o­<lb/>lent. </s> <s>Liquefactum enim agitatur celerrimè <lb/>in mortario: ideò cum cogi non po&longs;&longs;it, tran­<lb/>&longs;it in puluerem. </s> <s>Et quamvis ars in tenui&longs;&longs;i­<lb/>ma redigat ligna, aut lapides, aut metalla, <lb/>non tamen ip&longs;a mi&longs;cet, nec attenuat &longs;ub­<lb/>&longs;tantiam, &longs;ed &longs;olùm quantitatem. </s> <s>Ignis ve­<lb/>rò &longs;i attenuat, &longs;eparat: aut &longs;i mi&longs;cet, non <lb/>attenuat. </s> <s>Separando enim quæ cra&longs;&longs;a &longs;unt, <lb/>attenuantis &longs;peciem præbet. </s> <s>Sola natura &longs;i­<lb/>mul mi&longs;cere atque attenuare &longs;ub&longs;tantiam <lb/>pote&longs;t. </s> <s>Cùm enim ( vt dixi <emph type="italics"/>)<emph.end type="italics"/> nunc vocem <lb/>&longs;ubtilia quæ duci po&longs;&longs;unt, atque ea ductilia, <lb/>vel humida e&longs;&longs;e nece&longs;&longs;e &longs;it, ignis verò &longs;ic­<lb/>cet, attenuare non pote&longs;t, ni&longs;i &longs;eparet. </s> <s>At­<lb/>tenuat ergo vel comminuendo &longs;icca, vt <lb/>cùm arenam in puluerem redigit, aut col­<lb/>liquando, vt metallica: tenues partes &longs;e­<lb/>parando, vt in di&longs;tillationibus. </s> <s>Verùm dum <lb/>&longs;icca comminuat, colliquet humida, etiam <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg118"></arrow.to.target><lb/>attenuat. </s> <s>Contigit tamen in di&longs;tillationibus <lb/>aliquid attenuari ac alteri mi&longs;ceri, cùm à <lb/>calido humido, non ab igne fiunt. </s> <s>Calor <lb/>enim mi&longs;cet, & cum humido attenuat. </s> <s>Fit <lb/>autem hoc va&longs;es in aquam feruentem im­<lb/>mi&longs;&longs;is, vocátque Mariæ balneum. </s> <s>Proximum <lb/>bonitate di&longs;tillationis genus huic in equino <lb/>fimo: inde quod per cineres præ&longs;tanti&longs;&longs;imum <lb/>in oleum detractum e&longs;t. </s> <s>Nam cùm calida <lb/>&longs;it ac humida &longs;ub&longs;tantia, per multos men­<lb/>&longs;es calorem &longs;eruare pote&longs;t, atque eò longio­<lb/>re temporis &longs;patio quàm vuarum acini, quo <lb/>oliuarum &longs;ub&longs;tantia den&longs;ior e&longs;t, ac pinguior. <lb/>At nullum horum metalla liquare pote&longs;t, <lb/>&longs;ed illa igne indigent. </s> <s>Sed vt ardenti&longs;&longs;ima <lb/>di&longs;tillatio fit per ignes, ita mi&longs;tioni ac veræ <lb/>attenuationi inepta: cui fermè &longs;imilis e&longs;t, <lb/>quæ fit per cineres. </s> <s>Nam &longs;i igne di&longs;tillata <lb/>fæcibus &longs;uis mi&longs;cueris, fiet totum pro mo­<lb/>lis ratione grauiùs quàm antea, tum etiam <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg119"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;iccius. </s> <s>Non igitur verè attenuat ignis, &longs;ed <lb/>natura ip&longs;a, quæ totam &longs;ub&longs;tantiam conco­<lb/>quit ac mi&longs;cet. </s> <s>Vnde ob &longs;ubtilitatem omnia <lb/>in vnum conueniunt, mi&longs;túmque den&longs;ius, <lb/>fit, & tamen ex &longs;ubtili&longs;&longs;imis compo&longs;itum <lb/>partibus. </s> <s>Ergo in naturali coctione, vt quæ <lb/>in liquido duri&longs;&longs;ima, etiam vim ignis obti­<lb/>neat, & mollis balnei in attenuando, partes <lb/>cra&longs;&longs;iores comminuuntur, quod ab igne im­<lb/>petrari non pote&longs;t. <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg120"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg116"></margin.target>Subtilitatis <lb/>in &longs;ub&longs;tantia <lb/>genera.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg117"></margin.target>Subtilitates <lb/>ab arte, na­<lb/>tura, & igne <lb/>in quibus <lb/>differant. <lb/>Plumbum <lb/>quomodo in <lb/>puluerem <lb/>tran&longs;eat. <lb/>Ignis quo­<lb/>modo atte­<lb/>nuet.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg118"></margin.target>Di&longs;tillatio­<lb/>nis v&longs;us & <lb/>genera.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg119"></margin.target>Ignis <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ve­<lb/>rè attenuat.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg120"></margin.target>Aquæ diflil­<lb/>latæ an vires <lb/>habeant.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Sed ex his non leuis emergit dubitatio. <lb/>Nam &longs;i ignis cuncta calefacit, &longs;iccátque, <lb/>omnes aquæ, quæ di&longs;tillatione habentur, <lb/>calidæ ac &longs;iccæ e&longs;&longs;e deberent. </s> <s>Nec repugnat <lb/>&longs;ub&longs;tantia, quòd aquea &longs;it: talis enim cùm <lb/>fit ardens, & vritur, & corpora humana <lb/>egregiè excalefacit, ac &longs;iccat. </s> <s>Rur&longs;us aquæ <lb/>omnes frigidæ &longs;unt ac humidæ, vincente <lb/>&longs;ub&longs;tantia. </s> <s>At neutrum &longs;emper verum e&longs;t, <lb/>imò aliquæ ex his &longs;imiliores &longs;unt his, à <lb/>quibus excipiuntur: vt ro&longs;àcea, odore, &longs;a­<lb/>pore, viribus. </s> <s>Vrceus aquæ plantaginis <lb/>fluentem vndequaque &longs;anguinem &longs;i&longs;tere po­<lb/>te&longs;t. </s> <s>Non idem facit lactucæ aqua, et&longs;i &longs;it <lb/>frigidior. </s> <s>Quidam nuper dum memoriam <lb/>augere niteretur, meli&longs;&longs;am triduo albo vino <lb/>infundit, inde leuiter expre&longs;&longs;o vino, aquam <lb/>di&longs;tillando collegit, cuius potu memoriam <lb/>recuperare vi&longs;us e&longs;t. </s> <s>Sed cùm calidi e&longs;&longs;et ie­<lb/>coris, bonam valetudinem penè funditus <lb/>euertit. </s> <s>Atque hunc modum Chymi&longs;tæ vo­<lb/>cant, &longs;tellas cœlo infigere. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Quæri igitur &longs;olet, an aquæ hæ proprias <lb/>vires retineant? </s> <s>Diximus olim, dum de malo <lb/>medendi v&longs;u loqueremur, nullas e&longs;&longs;e vires, <lb/>quòd odore, & &longs;apore <expan abbr="de&longs;tituãtur">de&longs;tituantur</expan>. </s> <s>Ab&longs;ynthij <lb/>enim aqua, nec <expan abbr="ab&longs;ynthiũ">ab&longs;ynthium</expan> redolet nec amara <lb/>e&longs;t: imò quod mirum e&longs;t, &longs;ubdulcis. </s> <s><expan abbr="Ard&etilde;s">Ardens</expan> ta­<lb/>men, vt ro&longs;aceam præteream, <expan abbr="fid&etilde;">fidem</expan> facit ine&longs;&longs;e <lb/>vim aquis. </s> <s>Nam &longs;i talem ob ignem e&longs;&longs;e di­<lb/>cas, qui e&longs;t quòd nulla aliarum talis &longs;it? <lb/>Nam hæc egregiè calefacit, &longs;iccat, pene­<lb/>trat, acutum olet, ardet. </s> <s>Itaque vires aquis <lb/>iam ine&longs;&longs;e certum e&longs;t, &longs;ed nec omnibus, nec <lb/>æquas. </s> <s>Quæcunque enim res tenuem &longs;ub­<lb/>&longs;tantiam habent frigidæque iunctam, aquam <lb/>emittunt &longs;ibi non ab&longs;imilem, vt ro&longs;a. </s> <s>Quæ <lb/>verò tenuem & calidam &longs;imilem &longs;ed vren­<lb/>tem emittunt, vt vinum, & metallicorum <lb/>quædam. </s> <s>Quæ cra&longs;&longs;am & calidam, di&longs;&longs;imilem <lb/>& prauam, vt ab&longs;ynthium. </s> <s>quæ cra&longs;&longs;am ac <lb/>frigidam, di&longs;&longs;imilem, &longs;ed non prauam, vt cu­<lb/>curbitæ. </s> <s>Iuxta hanc rationem vires aqua-<pb pagenum="384"/>rum, quæ leui excipiuntur igne facilè perdi&longs;­<lb/>ces. </s> <s>Nam quæ vehementi igne indigent, om­<lb/>nes &longs;iccant vehementer, plerunque etiam <lb/>excalefaciunt. </s></p><p type="main"> <s><arrow.to.target n="marg121"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg121"></margin.target>An &longs;it po&longs;&longs;i­<lb/>bile facere <lb/>aquam quæ <lb/>in multa &longs;e­<lb/>cula vitam <lb/>pror<gap/>et.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Ergo hîc rur&longs;us dubitatio alia oritur, an <lb/>aquam liceat facere temperatam, quam <lb/>quintam vocant e&longs;&longs;entiam? </s> <s>Erit autem hæc <lb/>( vt docebo <emph type="italics"/>)<emph.end type="italics"/> æther, id e&longs;t, &longs;ub&longs;tantia te­<lb/>nui&longs;&longs;ima mobilis, & quæ motu calorem <lb/>temperatum retinet, & tamen plurimum. <lb/>Hæc igitur vires omnes con&longs;eruare pote&longs;t, <lb/>& vitam producere. </s> <s>Nam cum tenui&longs;&longs;ima <lb/>&longs;it, mi&longs;cet &longs;e humido primo, penetrans &longs;o­<lb/>lida, ac excrementa &longs;eparat, quæ in illo <lb/>continentur. </s> <s>Qui verò calidi plurimum ha­<lb/>bet, eiicit impurum quicquid e&longs;t, natura­<lb/>lémque ob id calorem in&longs;taurat. </s> <s>Nihil enim <lb/>aliud e&longs;t &longs;enectus, quam naturalis caloris <lb/>imminutio: imminuitur verò, quia motus <lb/>prohibetur, vt de igne dixi: &longs;imilis e&longs;t enim <lb/>huius ad illum ratio. </s> <s>Motus verò prohibe­<lb/>tur ob terræ &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ abundantiam: quo­<lb/>niam &longs;ola terra plurimam habet materiam, <lb/>& motu omninò caret. </s> <s>Ergo aqua illa calo­<lb/>re cùm &longs;it temperato, nec cor vexabit, nec <lb/>iecori infe&longs;ta erit. </s> <s>Itaque &longs;ola hæc, i&longs;ta quæ <lb/>diximus præ&longs;tare pote&longs;t. </s> <s>Referunt in Bonic­<lb/>ca in&longs;ula, quæ ab Hi&longs;paniola orbis noui M. <lb/>C C. pa&longs;&longs;uum millibus di&longs;tat, fontem in <lb/>vertice montis e&longs;&longs;e qui &longs;enes re&longs;tituat, non <lb/>tamen canos mutet, nec tollat iam contra­<lb/>ctas rugas. </s> <s>Cuius rei præter per&longs;euerantem <lb/>famam, locuples te&longs;tis Petrus Martyr An­<lb/>gerius Mediolanen&longs;is, à &longs;ecretis Regis olim <lb/>Hi&longs;paniarum, in &longs;uis decadibus orbis nuper <lb/>inuenti. </s> <s>Sed Ouiedus con&longs;tanter negat. </s> <s>Nos <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e po&longs;&longs;e non dubitamus, e&longs;&longs;e haud fatemur. <lb/>Tum minus id credendum, quòd breui, & <lb/>paucis diebus id fieri dicunt. </s> <s>At homo an­<lb/>norum multitudine &longs;ene&longs;cit, non igitur iu­<lb/>uene&longs;cere pote&longs;t, ni&longs;i annorum &longs;patio: <lb/>quamobrem id tentare atque experiri diffi­<lb/>cillimum. </s> <s>In a&cuml;re bono, aqua optima e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>debet: aër autem optimus (vt dixi) in mon­<lb/>tium iugis: ibi autem incommoda multa <lb/>hominibus, quare paucis v&longs;u euenit vt à <lb/>natura auxilium hoc a&longs;&longs;equantur. </s> <s>Ergo vt <lb/>ad rem reuertar, ne tam longè petatur, cùm <lb/>ardens aqua diuturno circulationis motu te­<lb/>nuitatem retinens, caliditatem, acumén­<lb/>que &longs;aporis ác odoris exuerit, æther e&longs;t. </s> <s>At­<lb/>tamen primùm fragrat. </s> <s>E&longs;t enim nil aliud <lb/>odor frangans, quam acutus, cum modera­<lb/>tus extiterit. </s> <s>Indicio e&longs;t, quòd piper non <lb/>fragrat, nec zingiber, quia immodicè &longs;int <lb/>acuta, parua tamen quantitas benè olet. </s> <s>At <lb/>quæ bene olent contraria ratione, cinamo­<lb/>mum, amomum, crocus, garyophyli, li­<lb/>lia, mo&longs;chus; moderatè acuta &longs;unt: & &longs;i <lb/>plurimum ex his naribus &longs;uppo&longs;ueris, vt <lb/>piper, cerebrum feriunt, nec bene olere <lb/>videntur. </s> <s>Allia & cepæ, quòd humorem <lb/>habeant putredinis haud expertem, et&longs;i acu­<lb/>ta &longs;int, tamen etiam quia moderata non <lb/>&longs;unt, fœtent. </s> <s>Igitur ardentem aquam, &longs;i <lb/>ad temperamentum redierit, tenuitate re­<lb/>tenta nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t fragrantem fieri: & &longs;i fra­<lb/>grans fiat, nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t vici&longs;&longs;im in æthera <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e conuer&longs;am. </s> <s>Fit & quæ iuuentutem in­<lb/>&longs;tauret aqua cum ty<gap/> carne, fit & cum hel­<lb/>leboro, qualem apud patrem meum vidi: <lb/>&longs;ed hæ diuexant corpora, & iuuentutis ima­<lb/>ginem fucatam redimunt, non præ&longs;tant iu­<lb/>uentutem. </s> <s>Æther verò veram præ&longs;tat, cùm <lb/>eam retineat diu quam habent, & exornet. <lb/>Sed nunquid &longs;emper? </s> <s>Non, &longs;ed cùm non fue­<lb/>rit prohibens: prohibens autem materia <lb/>multa. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Rur&longs;us ne igne, qui calidi&longs;&longs;imus e&longs;t, te­</s></p><p type="main"> <s><arrow.to.target n="marg122"></arrow.to.target><lb/>nuior æther? </s> <s>Certè &longs;ic, nam cœlo conti­<lb/>guus, ideóque leui&longs;&longs;imus: impre&longs;&longs;am enim <lb/>ab a&longs;tris caliditatem circulatione modera­<lb/>tur tenuitate retenta? </s> <s>atque eodem modo <lb/>hæc aqua calore ignis ad &longs;ummam redacta <lb/>tenuitatem, motu ip&longs;o refrigeratur, ac tem­<lb/>periem acquirit. </s> <s>Itaque & hæc, & æther, <lb/>medium qua&longs;i &longs;unt inter mortalia, immor­<lb/>taliáque. </s> <s>Locum enim cùm habeat ac tem­<lb/>periem, tum &longs;ub&longs;tantiam cœlo proximam, <lb/>corrumpi nequit. </s> <s>Dum verò infrà impelli­<lb/>tur, refrigeratur, atque &longs;ic po&longs;t multa &longs;ecu­<lb/>la corrumpitur. </s> <s>Itaque medium e&longs;t qua&longs;i <lb/>mortalis, ac immortalis, cuius generis Stoi­<lb/>ci animam humanam e&longs;&longs;e credunt. </s> <s>Sed quòd <lb/>hîc ex ardente aqua æther elaboratur, cùm <lb/>à calore attenuetur, à motu non cogatur, <lb/>non parum tenuius euadit. </s> <s>Itaque &longs;imili ra­<lb/>tione vtrunque afficitur. </s> <s>Sic verò quæcun­<lb/>que calore ignis permutantur, euidentem ca­<lb/>liditatem & &longs;iccitatem acquirunt: vt calx <lb/>& cinis. </s> <s>Sed differunt, quia in calce calor <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg123"></arrow.to.target><lb/>non finitur, in cinere iam exhau&longs;tus fermè <lb/>totus e&longs;t. </s> <s>Ob id qui e&longs;charotica componunt <lb/>ex calce & cinere medicamenta, à calce præ­<lb/>cipuè caliditatem quærunt, à cinere &longs;iccita­<lb/>tem. </s> <s>Sic qui aquam qua metalla &longs;eparantur, <lb/>educunt. </s> <s>Fit autem hoc modo: Halinitri <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg124"></arrow.to.target><lb/>partem vnam, liquidi aluminis, quod ro­<lb/>chæ vocant, partes tres, arenæ mediam, <lb/>&longs;iccata diligenter, & purgata igne di&longs;tillan­<lb/>tur vitreis va&longs;is. </s> <s>Colligitur autem &longs;eor&longs;um <lb/>quod priùs effluit, cùm crocea demum vi­<lb/>detur va&longs;is facies: actis ignibus alia &longs;ucce­<lb/>dit, quæ priore excipitur plerunque: & ta­<lb/>men &longs;i aquam fontis excipias, adhuc adeò <lb/>acris e&longs;t, vt nihilominus argentum di&longs;&longs;ol­<lb/>uat, & ip&longs;um ab auro &longs;eparet. </s> <s>Separatur <lb/>autem &longs;ic: Aqua extractæ partem modicam <lb/>accipe, cui argenti puri&longs;&longs;imi pondus oboli, <lb/>id e&longs;t, XII. granorum impone, ac impo&longs;i­<lb/>tam cineribus tamdiu permitte, donec di&longs;­<lb/>&longs;oluatur argentum. </s> <s>Hæc purgamenta calci <lb/>tenui &longs;imilia in imum va&longs;is demittet, qui­<lb/>bus &longs;ublatis quod reliquum e&longs;t aquæ purio­<lb/>ris, toti aquæ à qua iam detraxeras addes, <lb/>quæ &longs;imili exemplo & ip&longs;a purgamenta illis <lb/>&longs;imilia in imum demittet, quibus &longs;ublatis <lb/>a quam totam puri&longs;&longs;imam, ac magis habe­<lb/>bis ad argentum ac cætera metalla, præter <lb/>aurum, di&longs;&longs;oluendum efficacem. </s> <s>Cùm verò <lb/>facilè euane&longs;cat, va&longs;e vitreo diligenter oc­<lb/>clu&longs;a tenetur. </s> <s>Vires autem æ&longs;timanti quan­<lb/>tas habeat, quæ excepta ( vt dixi ) aqua pu­<lb/>tei, etiam &longs;ine igne in horis 24. argentum <lb/>in aquam redigat, modico autem cinerum <lb/>calore in duabus aut tribus horis, non e&longs;t <lb/>qui miram vim vaporibus illis extremis, ac <lb/>aquæ in quam vertuntur, imò incredibi­<lb/>lem non tribuat. </s> <s>Eiu&longs;dem generis e&longs;t, quæ <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg125"></arrow.to.target><lb/>fit &longs;alibus ammoniaco, nitróque, tum cal-<pb pagenum="385"/>chanto & alumine liquido, æquis partibus, <lb/>addita illis demum æruginis parte quarta: <lb/>hæc eadem arte facta, nec ip&longs;is parcit la­<lb/>pidibus. </s> <s>Si tamen aliquid O&longs;tracitis lapi­<lb/>dis Smiridis vocati, quo gemmas expo­<lb/>liunt, addideris, copio&longs;iorem aquam & me­<lb/>liorem habebis, quia non vritur. </s> <s>His igi­<lb/>tur experimento acceptis, videamus cur <lb/>aqua hæc adeò potens euadat: namque ma­<lb/>nife&longs;tum edocet experimentum, &longs;icciorem <lb/>partem vi ignis attenuatam, vim igneam ac <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg126"></arrow.to.target><lb/>erodentem &longs;u&longs;cipere. </s> <s>Sed cur non ardet aqua <lb/>&longs;eparationis, vt ardens? </s> <s>quia ardens cali­<lb/>dior e&longs;t ac tenuior, & etiam minus &longs;icca: <lb/>ideò ardere pote&longs;t, & egregiè calefacere, <lb/>non tamen erodere. </s> <s>Illa verò erodere pote&longs;t, <lb/>non ardere, parúmque calefacere. </s> <s>Simili <lb/>igitur ratione quod ex calchanto oleum vi <lb/>ignis excipitur, quum &longs;icci&longs;&longs;imam partem <lb/>in humorem vertat, acuti&longs;&longs;imum e&longs;t, atque <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg127"></arrow.to.target><lb/>linguam vt ignis ferit. </s> <s>Con&longs;t at igitur & hac <lb/>ratione aquam fieri po&longs;&longs;e, quæ lapidem ve&longs;i­<lb/>cæ per catheteram immi&longs;&longs;a, illicò confringet. <lb/>Nam còm duo &longs;int nece&longs;&longs;aria, & quod lapi­<lb/>dem atterat, & quòd ve&longs;icæ &longs;it innoxia, pri­<lb/>mùm præ&longs;tabit modus ac materia: nam ex­<lb/>tremos vapores è &longs;corpionum cinere, vel <lb/>Macedonici petro&longs;ilij, vel tecolitho, aut <lb/>lapidibus cancrorum excipiemus: &longs;ic enim <lb/>aqua fiet quæ etiam porphyritem commi­<lb/>nuat. </s> <s>Porrò innocentiam præ&longs;tat, &longs;i materia <lb/>ex qua aqua excipitur, omnis &longs;al&longs;edinis ex­<lb/>pers fuerit. </s> <s>Non igitur è &longs;alis genere aliquo, <lb/>aut alumine, vel calchanto, aut vini fæce, <lb/>&longs;ed ex aliquo eorum, quæ nuper retulimus <lb/>aquam excipere oportebit. </s> <s>Opus autem &longs;em­<lb/>per e&longs;t diligenti experientia, in confirman­<lb/>da &longs;ubtili ratione, vt ea quæ adeò &longs;ubtiliter <lb/>explorauimus, &longs;ecurè per experientiam con­<lb/>firmata, in v&longs;um hominum po&longs;&longs;imus dedu­<lb/>cere. </s> <s>Equidem &longs;cio &longs;tercus columbinum ac <lb/>parietariam, vel illud hac arte in aquam <lb/>deductum, lapides ve&longs;icæ duri&longs;&longs;imos fran­<lb/>gere po&longs;&longs;e. </s> <s>Quodnam autem illud &longs;it, quòd <lb/>id facturum &longs;it, & ab&longs;que noxa, experien­<lb/>tia declarari oportet. </s> <s>Nam & hircinus &longs;an­<lb/>guis, & leporis pellis, & vitrum, multum <lb/>probantur ratione: &longs;ed tamen nihil horum <lb/>for&longs;itan &longs;eor&longs;um, &longs;ed ex his aliqua &longs;imul <lb/>iuncta, atque certa men&longs;ura. </s> <s>Metallicum <lb/>certè &longs;it tale oportet, aut ad metalli naturam <lb/>mutatum. </s> <s>Audiui quondam inuentam à quo­<lb/>dam Ianuen&longs;e, &longs;ed denuò ami&longs;&longs;am morte il­<lb/>lius, qui eam notam nemini facere vo­<lb/>luit. </s> <s>Hoc certum &longs;anè e&longs;t, inueniri po&longs;&longs;e, at­<lb/>que hanc e&longs;&longs;e illius artem. </s> <s>Dubitatur autem <lb/>an tenuia magis acuta &longs;int, & an magis <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg128"></arrow.to.target><lb/>erodant. </s> <s>Andreas Lacuna Segobien&longs;is me­<lb/>dicus, medicamentum recitat Philippi Lu­<lb/>&longs;itani, quòd con&longs;tat alumine, ærugine, au­<lb/>ripigmento, atque chalcitide, paribus por­<lb/>tionibus, quæ perfu&longs;a aceto acerrimo per <lb/>dies octo, atque in &longs;ole trita ac &longs;iccata, vt <lb/>diutiùs teruntur, perfunduntur, &longs;iccantur, <lb/>vtque &longs;ol magis excalefacit, ita celerius car­<lb/>nes in collo ve&longs;icæ, & pudendo natas aufert, <lb/>atque minore cum dolore: ad hoc enim me­<lb/>dicamentum paratur. </s> <s>A &longs;ole igitur, & ace­<lb/>to acri videntur, quæ cra&longs;&longs;a &longs;unt commi­<lb/>nui, ab attritione autem in pollinem redigi. <lb/>Quia verò minùs afficit dolore, id contin­<lb/>git, quia partes exu&longs;tæ re&longs;oluuntur. </s> <s>Videtur <lb/>igitur medicamentum fieri tenuius quanti­<lb/>tate, cra&longs;&longs;ius autem, & magis æquale &longs;ub­<lb/>&longs;tantia. </s> <s>Hoc autem minùs mutat corpus ex <lb/>calefaciendo, aut &longs;iccando. </s> <s>Tenui&longs;&longs;ima igi­<lb/>tur tàm quantitate, quàm &longs;ub&longs;tantia cele­<lb/>riùs erodunt: &longs;ed &longs;ub&longs;tantia moderata, minùs <lb/>afficiunt dolore. </s> <s>Cra&longs;&longs;a igitur quantitate, <lb/>& tenuia &longs;ub&longs;tantia, dolorem inferunt, & <lb/>&longs;eriùs erodunt: &longs;ub&longs;tantia cra&longs;&longs;a, & quanti­<lb/>tate, &longs;erò & &longs;ine dolore: vt calx, & &longs;apo te­<lb/>ner, de quo aliàs dictum e&longs;t: &longs;ubtilia vtro­<lb/>que modo, celeriter, & magno cum dolo­<lb/>re. </s> <s>Cra&longs;&longs;a &longs;ub&longs;tantia, & tenuia quantitate, <lb/>erodunt celeriter, & paruo cum dolore, atque <lb/>ea optima &longs;unt. </s> <s>Sed de his, quæ ad hominum <lb/>curationem pertinent, alio loco tracta­<lb/>bitur. </s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg122"></margin.target>Ignis an <lb/>æthere te­<lb/>nuior.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg123"></margin.target>De differen­<lb/>tia calcis <gap/><lb/>cinere.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg124"></margin.target>Aqua quæ <lb/>aurum ab ar­<lb/>gento &longs;epea­<lb/>rat.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg125"></margin.target>Aqua pote<gap/><lb/>ti&longs;&longs;ima.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg126"></margin.target>Aquarum <lb/>ardentis & <lb/>&longs;eparationis <lb/>comparatio.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg127"></margin.target>Aqua quæ <lb/>ve&longs;icæ lapi­<lb/>dem pote&longs;t <lb/>confringere.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg128"></margin.target>Tenuia an <lb/>era&longs;&longs;a magis <lb/>erodant.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Cæterùm vt ad rem redeam dubltatio <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg129"></arrow.to.target><lb/>emergit: Si magnus calor efficit has aquas, <lb/>ardentem puta ac &longs;eparationis, quomodo ta­<lb/>ctu frigidæ &longs;unt? </s> <s>aut &longs;i iam refrigeratæ <lb/>&longs;unt, cur metalla colliquant? </s> <s>vel &longs;i aliquid <lb/>reman&longs;it caloris, cur vel &longs;ine motu penitùs <lb/>non extinguitur? </s> <s>vel &longs;i motu iuuatur ali­<lb/>quo, cur materiam adeò paratam non accen­<lb/>dit? </s> <s>Horum autem nullum experientia do­<lb/>cet. </s> <s>Eadem verò ratio & in naturalibus mi­<lb/>&longs;tis e&longs;t. </s> <s>Nam &longs;ulphur facillimè accenditur, <lb/>& tamen per &longs;e friget. </s> <s>Piper exurit linguam, <lb/>& corpus vehementer, &longs;i edatur, accendit, <lb/>& tamen tactu frigidum e&longs;t, & igni admo­<lb/>tum, vix ignem concipit. </s> <s>Decebat Philo­<lb/>&longs;ophos hæc quærere, quæ &longs;en&longs;u con&longs;tant, & <lb/>quotidie tractamus, quæque cùm inuenta <lb/>fuerint, magnam vtilitatem afferunt, & non <lb/>his relictis, quæ præ manibus (vt dici &longs;olet) <lb/>habemus, nouas nouas nominibus excogita­<lb/>re quæ&longs;tiones, in quibus non minùs incertum <lb/>habeas, quid &longs;it de quo quæritur, quàm quo­<lb/>modo id quod quærimus, &longs;it determinan­<lb/>dum: deinde, etiam&longs;i millies rectè, quod ta­<lb/>men vix vnquam accidit, quæ&longs;tio di&longs;&longs;olua­<lb/>tur, nihil humano generi afferat vtilitatis. <lb/>Cuius &longs;ignum e&longs;t manife&longs;tum, in tot &longs;ecu­<lb/>lis hos egregios viros nihil vnquam ad vitæ <lb/>v&longs;um inueni&longs;&longs;e, quòd fal&longs;is principiis inni­<lb/>tantur, & nugari ac ob&longs;trepere &longs;olùm his <lb/>&longs;ufficiat. </s> <s>Igitur ne illos repræhendendo eis <lb/>&longs;imilis euadam, quæ&longs;tionem hanc valdè ne­<lb/>ce&longs;&longs;ariam di&longs;&longs;oluere aggrediar. </s> <s>Primùm igi­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg130"></arrow.to.target><lb/>tur illud proponendum e&longs;t, mi&longs;ta ex ele­<lb/>mentis credi compo&longs;ita, quòd in mi&longs;tis ele­<lb/>mentorum qualitates &longs;int manife&longs;tæ, atque <lb/>ob id etiam tot elementa credita &longs;unt in eis <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e, quot combinationes qualitatum, non <lb/>concludente argumento. </s> <s>Aliud &longs;ync&ecedil;rius <lb/>indicium e&longs;t, quòd in quibu&longs;dam terra, vt <lb/>in metallicis ac lapidibus in aliis aqua, ve­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg131"></arrow.to.target><lb/>luti in herbis, manife&longs;tè videantur. </s> <s>Illud <lb/>quoque &longs;upponendum, quod oculis vide­<lb/>mus, terram & aquam &longs;olas e&longs;&longs;e mi&longs;torum <lb/>materias, & quod & Philo&longs;ophus qua&longs;i di­<lb/>uinando dixit, calorem verò ip&longs;um e&longs;&longs;e, qui <lb/>hæc mi&longs;cendo concoquat. </s> <s>Si igitur terr&ecedil; plu­<lb/>rimùm & caloris <expan abbr="igneũ">igneum</expan> efficitur, vt in aquis <lb/>iam prædictis. </s> <s>Si cum plurima terra modicus <lb/>calor extiterit, terreum dicitur. </s> <s>Primi exem­<lb/>plum e&longs;t piper, &longs;ecundi lapides. </s> <s>Si aqua <pb pagenum="386"/>exuperet, terræ parùm &longs;it, calor autem ma­<lb/>gnus, fit aëreum, quod pingue omne e&longs;t, ac <lb/>facilè flagrat: cuiu&longs;modi &longs;unt omnia olea, <lb/>pinguedines. </s> <s>&longs;ulphur, bitumen: &longs;i paruus ca­<lb/>lor, aquea, vt olera pleraque. </s> <s>Cur igitur piper <lb/>non accenditur facilè? </s> <s>quia cum attenuata <lb/>parte multum e&longs;t terrei. </s> <s>Docuimus autem <lb/>quòd terreum, quod multum contineat ma­<lb/>teriæ, & motum prohibeat, ignis generationi <lb/>repugnet. </s> <s>At dices, leue piper e&longs;t. </s> <s>Re&longs;pon­<lb/>deo, hoc e&longs;t quia inane, &longs;ub&longs;tantia verò ip&longs;a <lb/>grauis: & &longs;i contundantur optimè, haud leue <lb/>e&longs;t. </s> <s>Sulphur verò cùm humidum &longs;it, linguam <lb/>non exurit: ardet tamen, quia calidum e&longs;t <lb/>vehementer. </s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg129"></margin.target>Quomodo <lb/>ignis affectus <lb/>ab&longs;que igne <lb/>appareant.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg130"></margin.target>Tria tantum <lb/>verè in mi­<lb/>&longs;tis, terra & <lb/>aqua pro ma­<lb/>teria, & ca­<lb/>lor cœle&longs;tis <lb/>agens.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg131"></margin.target>2. de Part. <lb/>animal. </s> <s>C<gap/><lb/>1. in initio.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>His igitur vt in principiis acceptis, ad quæ­<lb/>&longs;tionis di&longs;&longs;olutionem accedamus. </s> <s>In mi&longs;tis <lb/>ip&longs;is tria tantùm apparent, terra, & aqua, & <lb/>calor, qui ea mi&longs;cet. </s> <s>Nam terram, & aquam <lb/>&longs;pontè mi&longs;ceri palàm e&longs;t: aër mi&longs;tionem refu­<lb/>git, nec mi&longs;cere vnquam poteris illum his, <lb/>nec &longs;i quid aliud eo tenuius e&longs;&longs;et. </s> <s>De igne ve­<lb/>rò non e&longs;t dubitandum, cùm neque &longs;it <expan abbr="elem&etilde;-tum">elemen­<lb/>tum</expan>, nec quicquam generet. </s> <s>Ergo &longs;i mi&longs;ta <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg132"></arrow.to.target><lb/>his con&longs;tarent, violenter mi&longs;cerentur. </s> <s>Ignem <lb/>autem non generare palàm e&longs;t, quia exteriùs <lb/>euocat: at quod generat, intùs reuocat omnia. <lb/>Siccat etiam ignis, & quæ generantur, hu­<lb/>mido indigent, quod qua&longs;i glutinum partes <lb/>vnum cohærere faciat. </s> <s>Rur&longs;us ignis &longs;eparat <lb/>ac diuidit: generatio autem cra&longs;i non &longs;olùm <lb/>mi&longs;tione indiget. </s> <s>Qualitates etiam ad &longs;um­<lb/>mum ignis deducit: at quæ ad generationem <lb/>conueniunt, quæque mi&longs;centur, qualitates <lb/>mutuò frangunt. </s> <s>Denique proprium munus <lb/>e&longs;t cœle&longs;tis caloris, generare, non autem ig­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg133"></arrow.to.target><lb/>nei: neque enim ignis vita potentia e&longs;t. </s> <s>Mi&longs;­<lb/>cet autem ignis corpora, &longs;ed tamen <expan abbr="&longs;ub&longs;tãtias">&longs;ub&longs;tantias</expan> <lb/>ip&longs;as diuidit, ac &longs;eparat. </s> <s>Propterea panis igne <lb/>conficitur, caro verò corrumpitur: verùm <lb/>quia v&longs;us non admittit, vt carnes crudas <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg134"></arrow.to.target><lb/>edamus, igne eas coquimus. </s> <s>Quòd &longs;i car­<lb/>nes, & oua cruda comedere con&longs;uetum <lb/>e&longs;&longs;et, ad vitæ diuturnitatem non parùm con­<lb/>duceret. </s> <s>Verùm quia hæc edere haud licet, <lb/>quæ cruda po&longs;&longs;unt, lac, mel, oleum, bu­<lb/>tyrum, &longs;accarum, olera plæraque tenuioris <lb/>&longs;ub&longs;tantiæ, &longs;i edantur, vtiliora erunt tàm <lb/>vitæ, quàm valetudini. </s> <s>Nam et&longs;i ( vt dixi) <lb/>ignis corpora mi&longs;ceat, & ex &longs;ulphure, ar­<lb/>gentóque v<gap/>uo conficiat cinnabarim, &longs;ub­<lb/>&longs;tantias tamen alimentorum &longs;eparat, & tenue <lb/>à cra&longs;&longs;o &longs;eiungendo deterius reddit. </s> <s>Itaque ni <lb/>fa&longs;tidium ob&longs;taret, oua, o&longs;trea, oblongáque <lb/>conchylia cruda edere melius e&longs;&longs;et, quàm <lb/>cocta. </s> <s>Atque in vniuer&longs;um &longs;i vires validæ <lb/>fuerint, & fa&longs;tidium homines non vexet, ig­<lb/>nis propè pro cibis nulla e&longs;&longs;et nece&longs;&longs;itas aut <lb/>vtilitas. </s> <s>Sed maluerunt hoc modo lautè, pa­<lb/>rúmque viuere, quàm diu ferarum, aut ru­<lb/>&longs;ticorum ritu. </s> <s>Ob id tamen non parùm his, <lb/>qui in <foreign lang="greek">e)re/mw|</foreign> habitarunt, ad vitæ longitudi­<lb/>nem conduxi&longs;&longs;e arbitror crudorum cibo­<lb/>rum e&longs;um. </s> <s>Nam cruda quum coquun­<lb/>tur, meliora &longs;unt coctis, quæ non ignis <lb/>vitio carent. </s> <s>Sed à pueritia a&longs;&longs;ue&longs;cere <lb/>oportet. <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg135"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg132"></margin.target>Ignem non <lb/>generare de­<lb/>mon&longs;tratio.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg133"></margin.target>Ignis vires <lb/>in mi&longs;cendo.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg134"></margin.target>Cruda ad <lb/>vitam, & &longs;a­<lb/>lubritatem <lb/>corporis vti­<lb/>liora.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg135"></margin.target>Calor qua­<lb/>druplex, quæ­<lb/>&longs;tioni&longs;que <lb/>di&longs;&longs;olutio.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Calor igitur quadruplex: alius vt in prin­<lb/>cipali agente, id e&longs;t, radiis &longs;iderum: alius <lb/>& ip&longs;e in actu, &longs;ed &longs;icco iunctus: tertius, <lb/>humido: quartus autem ve&longs;tigium e&longs;t calo­<lb/>ris, non calor. </s> <s>Primùm igitur cœle&longs;tem vo­<lb/>care &longs;olemus, e&longs;tque aliorum origo & fons: <lb/>hic vt talis e&longs;t, cale&longs;acit, nondum tamen <lb/>generat, quia materiæ coniunctus non e&longs;t. <lb/>Hunc Ari&longs;totelici, qui audacter in his, in <lb/>quibus coargui non po&longs;&longs;unt, litigant, non <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e calorem dicerent. </s> <s>Nullum enim e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>calidum &longs;itus, quòd cœlum omnis &longs;it ex­<lb/>pers qualitatis. </s> <s>Secundus igneus e&longs;t, & vo­<lb/>catur, qui nihil generat, qui iunctus &longs;ic­<lb/>citati in&longs;trumentum e&longs;t potiùs corruptio­<lb/>nis, & &longs;eparationis, quàm mi&longs;tionis, aut <lb/>cra&longs;is, &longs;ine quibus non fit generatio. </s> <s>Nec <lb/>&longs;olùm ignis, &longs;ed omnis calor ex illius gene­<lb/>re corrumpit, & generationi repugnat. </s> <s>Ob <lb/>id nec cineribus oua excepta pullos edunt. <lb/>Tertiò nomen e&longs;t naturalis calor, qui & <lb/>ip&longs;e motu indiget: nam omnis calor dum <lb/>viget, motu indiget, & depa&longs;citur &longs;ubie­<lb/>ctam materiam. </s> <s>Hic verò duplex, alius qui­<lb/>dem manife&longs;tum habens motum, re&longs;olu­<lb/>tionémque, qualis in animalibus perfe­<lb/>ctis maximè, atque magis in &longs;anguineis: <lb/>aut ob&longs;curum motum, qualis in plantis, <lb/>multóque magis in &longs;eminibus earum, atque <lb/>metallicis: in his enim motum calor habet <lb/>ob&longs;curum, & tamen humidum di&longs;&longs;oluit. <lb/>Indicio e&longs;t, quòd &longs;eruata &longs;emina are&longs;cunt, <lb/>etiam&longs;i inungantur, anni &longs;patio vel bien­<lb/>nij, &longs;ene&longs;cúntque non &longs;ecùs ac homines ru­<lb/>gis contractis, leuioráque infœcunda etiam <lb/>facta. </s> <s>Calor is autem facultas dicitur, velut <lb/>in pipere, cùm à tota planta deriuatur in &longs;e­<lb/>men, & à toto monte in metallum, vel à ma­<lb/>gna parte, nimis concoquens, quòd conco­<lb/>qui debet, terream maximè partem: túncque <lb/>igneum redditur, &longs;i multus calor extiterit: <lb/>&longs;i paucus, lapis: &longs;i in aqueam &longs;ub&longs;tantiam <lb/>multus agat, fit pingue: &longs;in paucus, <lb/>aqueum. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Quæres for&longs;itan, an calor actu maneat? <lb/>Manet quidem, &longs;ed ille quum &longs;it naturalis <lb/>in humida &longs;ub&longs;tantia, vtpote piperis, funda­<lb/>tus e&longs;t, quamobrem exurere non pote&longs;t, eó­<lb/>que magis quòd auul&longs;o &longs;emine ab arbore <lb/>perexiguus relinquitur. </s> <s>Neque igitur ob <lb/>naturalem calorem piper calidum e&longs;&longs;e po­<lb/>te&longs;t, cùm ille &longs;it valdè tenuis: nec propter <lb/>&longs;ub&longs;tantiam exu&longs;tam, quum illa caloris ve­<lb/>&longs;tigium, non calorem retineat. </s> <s>Sic & ar­<lb/>dens aqua ve&longs;tigium caloris retinet, non ca­<lb/>lorem, & cinis rcfrigeratus. </s> <s>Calx verò ali­<lb/>quandiu calorem retinet, illúmque in &longs;ic­<lb/>co: ideo tangenti calida, & maximè intùs: <lb/>exteriùs enim ab aëre perfrigeratur. </s> <s>Ita­<lb/>que pauca aqua &longs;i con&longs;pergatur, accendi &longs;o­<lb/>let. </s> <s>Sed dices, calor igneus in humido e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>videtur, vt cum ardet candela. </s> <s>Sed non e&longs;t, <lb/>alitur enim ex humido, &longs;ed in humido <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> e&longs;t. <lb/>Vt neque homo licet pomis ve&longs;catur, pomea <lb/>non e&longs;t &longs;ub&longs;tantia, &longs;ed carnea: ita ignis te­<lb/>nuibus tàm humidis, quàm &longs;iccis alitur, <lb/>&longs;ed in &longs;olo &longs;icco, eóque tenui&longs;&longs;imo funda­<lb/>tur. </s> <s>Atque ea de cau&longs;a inuentum e&longs;t, quónam <lb/>pacto non &longs;ecùs quàm in &longs;artagine pi&longs;ces co­</s></p><p type="main"> <s><arrow.to.target n="marg136"></arrow.to.target><lb/>quantur in charta: Chartam &longs;eligito, <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> vo­<lb/>camus papyrum, &longs;implicem, erecti&longs;que &longs;pon­<lb/>dis in modum lucernæ ex omni latere oleum <lb/>infunde, & antequam exudet &longs;uper puras <pb pagenum="387"/>prunas ab&longs;que flamma impone: nec pene­<lb/>trat oleum refugiens ignem, nec ardet char­<lb/>ta, quia non pote&longs;t &longs;iccari, oleo repugnan­<lb/>te: ignis verò non &longs;ine extrema &longs;iccitate, <lb/>nec flamma, nec motus attenuare po&longs;&longs;unt, <lb/>vt ignis accendatur, incale&longs;cit tamen &longs;en­<lb/>&longs;im mutatis prunis atque ita feruet, quod <lb/>mirum videtur, adeò vt impo&longs;iti pi&longs;ces co­<lb/>quantur. </s> <s>Sed cur filum ouo circundatum, non <lb/>&longs;olùm in prunis, &longs;ed nec in flamma ardet? <lb/>quia non fit ignis, ni&longs;i calor ad &longs;ummum <lb/>deducatur, at &longs;emper prohibetur ab ouo ne <lb/>ad &longs;ummum deducatur, quia ouum comburi <lb/>non pote&longs;t: at quod non comburitur, aliquo <lb/>modo &longs;emper refrigerat, quod e&longs;t maximè <lb/>calidum. </s> <s>Eadem ratione linteum chry&longs;tallo <lb/>polito &longs;uperpo&longs;itum non ardet &longs;ub pruna, <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg137"></arrow.to.target><lb/>etiam&longs;i folle &longs;ufflaueris. </s> <s>Sed &longs;i calor in <lb/>humido generat, cur non in aqua feruente <lb/>generatio? </s> <s>quia calor ille aut non e&longs;t in &longs;ub­<lb/>&longs;tantia aquæ, vel e&longs;t etiam in alio quod &longs;ic­<lb/>cum e&longs;t. </s> <s>Indicio e&longs;t, quòd aqua feruens vt <lb/>ignis vrit. </s> <s>Quòd verò in illius &longs;ub&longs;tantia <lb/>non &longs;it, indicat, quòd igne amoto aqua <lb/>&longs;pontè refrigeratur. </s> <s>Sed calor &longs;i in humido <lb/>&longs;it, generat: vt cùm caro &longs;oli exponitur, <lb/>vermiculi generantur, & in fimo vermes, & <lb/>in Ægypto oua fimo contecta pullos edunt. <lb/>Fertur & olim Liuiam Augu&longs;tam cùm ouum <lb/>foui&longs;&longs;et in &longs;inu, alternantibus per vices an­<lb/>cillis, eduxi&longs;&longs;e cri&longs;tatum gallum. </s> <s>Calor ve­<lb/>rò putridus è genere e&longs;t ignei, quia &longs;iccus: <lb/>&longs;ed &longs;imilis e&longs;t naturali, quia cum generatio­<lb/>ne e&longs;t. </s> <s>Differt ab igneo, quia motum non ha­<lb/>bet manife&longs;tum: igneus autem habet, ideò <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg138"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ex altero in alterum tran&longs;itus. </s> <s>Nam igneus <lb/>moderatus putrefacit, putridus auctus vrit, <lb/>ardet, & accendit. </s> <s>Ob hoc putridæ febres <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <lb/>tanto &longs;unt æ&longs;tu. </s> <s>Cur igitur igneus calor in <lb/>naturalem non po&longs;&longs;it tran&longs;mutari, cau&longs;æ &longs;unt <lb/>manife&longs;tæ. </s> <s>Nam igneus &longs;iccus e&longs;t, & humi­<lb/>dior fieri nequit, qualis e&longs;t naturalis. </s> <s>Igneus <lb/>etiam euocat, & &longs;eparat, naturalis intrò tra­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg139"></arrow.to.target><lb/>hit, & mi&longs;cet. </s> <s>Omnis enim calor humidus <lb/>mi&longs;cet. </s> <s>At naturalis in putridum, & igneum <lb/>tran&longs;ire pote&longs;t, quia humidum à calore &longs;ic­<lb/>catur. </s> <s>Ob hoc igitur ignis humida denigrare <lb/>&longs;olet, quia humidum exterius euocat, aërém­<lb/>que expellit, &longs;icca dealbat: quia quod erat hu­<lb/>midi, ab&longs;umit. </s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg136"></margin.target>Quomodo in <lb/>charta pi&longs;ces <lb/>velut in &longs;ar­<lb/>tagine friga­<lb/><gap/>us.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg137"></margin.target>Ouo filum <lb/>circumdu­<lb/>ctum in igne <lb/>non ardet.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg138"></margin.target>Colorum in­<lb/>uicem tran&longs;­<lb/>mutationes.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg139"></margin.target>Ignis cur <lb/>aliqua deal­<lb/>bet, aliqua <lb/>denigret.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Rur&longs;us dubitabis, &longs;i ignis agit in aquam, <lb/>aërem generat, cur non igitur humidum pin­<lb/>gue? </s> <s>Re&longs;pondeo, pingue fit ob mi&longs;tionem, <lb/>ignis autem &longs;eparat. </s> <s>Separat autem propriæ <lb/>vtilitatis cau&longs;a, quia aqueum propellit, <lb/>quod vri nequit, velut in lignis viridibus, <lb/>quæ cùm accenduntur, aquam exudant. <lb/>Depa&longs;citur autem pingue humidum, in <lb/>quod olim dum viueret, calor naturalis fun­<lb/>datus erat. </s> <s>Ergo quod ardet, tenui&longs;&longs;imum <lb/>& &longs;icci&longs;&longs;imum e&longs;&longs;e nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t, vt palea, <lb/>aqua ardens, pyrius puluis. </s> <s>Sed in hoc ali­<lb/>quid e&longs;t terreum proptcr halinitrum, ideó­<lb/>que &longs;trepitum edit. </s> <s>Conati &longs;unt ob id qui­<lb/>dam detracto halinitro puluerem compone­<lb/>re, qui &longs;ine &longs;trepitu &longs;phærulam emitteret. <lb/>Quòd &longs;i lentè, & &longs;ine magna vi fieri pote&longs;t. <lb/>Atque hunc Bra&longs;auolus refert Ferrariæ Du­<lb/>cem inueni&longs;&longs;e, &longs;ed qui &longs;ine impetu, ac ad <lb/>XII. fermè tantum pa&longs;&longs;us extenderet ictum: <lb/>cum magna autem vi <emph type="italics"/>(<emph.end type="italics"/> vt dixi ) penitùs e&longs;t <lb/>impo&longs;&longs;ibile. </s> <s>Detracto enim halinitro, ad­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg140"></arrow.to.target><lb/>huc adeò elaborari poterit puluis pyrius, vt <lb/>&longs;phærulam emittat, & &longs;ine &longs;trepitu. </s> <s>Sed in <lb/>vniuer&longs;um, quantùm è ftrepitu, tantùm <lb/>ex impetu detraxeris. </s> <s>Ergo &longs;ubiecta mate­<lb/>ria ignem variare &longs;olet, atque illius vires: <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg141"></arrow.to.target><lb/>adeò vt ignis è carbonibus vel lignis &longs;oli­<lb/>dioribus, vt quercu, vel lapidibus, aut in <lb/>metallis fixus, vi&longs;um non leuiter offendat, <lb/>cùm ex &longs;aligneis ac &longs;tipulis innoxiùs penè <lb/>&longs;it. </s> <s>Vt enim &longs;olidior e&longs;t materia, ita ignis <lb/>den&longs;ior e&longs;t. </s> <s>Omnis enim calor talis e&longs;t, <lb/>quale alimentum. </s> <s>Vnde &longs;olidiora alimen­<lb/>menta robu&longs;tiorem calorem efficiunt. </s> <s>In­<lb/>de &longs;plendor maior ac viuacior, qui &longs;piritus <lb/>in oculo hebetat, & tenui&longs;&longs;imum illud hu­<lb/>midum, in quo videndi vis &longs;ita e&longs;t, &longs;iccat, <lb/>& con&longs;umit. </s> <s>Eadem ratione, quod tamen <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg142"></arrow.to.target><lb/>magis mirum e&longs;t, metalla igne liquata è li­<lb/>gnis mollibus tenaciora redduntur, & mol­<lb/>liora: è validioribus autem dura, & fragi­<lb/>lia, tantùm pote&longs;t materiæ varietas. </s> <s>Su&longs;cipit <lb/>& varietatem à natura propria & modo ap­<lb/>plicandi. </s> <s>Imbecillis e&longs;t cùm &longs;upponitur, vt <lb/>cùm carnes coquimus, applicatur &longs;ub, vt ve­<lb/>hementiùs agat: nam (vt diximus) ignis na­<lb/>turâ &longs;ursùm tendit. </s> <s>Proximus huic e&longs;t: quem <lb/>vocant reflexum: fit cùm &longs;uprà & infrà ap­<lb/>plicatur, vel à latere, oppo&longs;ito latere vim ig­<lb/>nis reddente: hoc mollia metalla eruuntur <lb/>ex lapidibus, quibus iuncta &longs;unt, & argen­<lb/>tum ab ære &longs;eparatur. </s> <s>Tertium genus e&longs;t ig­<lb/>nis ambientis, cùm vndique res, quam vre­<lb/>re tentamus, aut colliquare, ab igne &longs;ine <lb/>follibus circumambitur. </s> <s>Extremus modus <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg143"></arrow.to.target><lb/>e&longs;t, quo nullus violentior, cùm difficilli­<lb/>mas materias duri&longs;&longs;imis lapidibus mi&longs;tas col­<lb/>liquare volumus. </s> <s>Fit autem hoc modo: Va­<lb/>&longs;a longitudinis cubitorum quatuor, aut &longs;al­<lb/>tem trium, latitudinis dodrantis, cra&longs;&longs;itu­<lb/>dinis digitorum trium, in imo flexa, ac ad <lb/>cubiti figuram fermè formata, &longs;ine fundo, <lb/>ex &longs;ilice nigro maculis albis in&longs;per&longs;o fiunt: <lb/>in medio longitudinis foramen, atque in eo <lb/>canalis ad vnguem collocatus, per quem <lb/>&longs;piritus follium intùs feratur: in imo fora­<lb/>men, per quod liquata materia de&longs;cendat. <lb/>Ima pars va&longs;is ob&longs;truitur, eo ( vt dixi) reli­<lb/>cto o&longs;culo, argilla & carbonibus tritis &longs;imul <lb/>tu&longs;is, & in formam cæmenti ac tenaciorem <lb/>redactis. </s> <s>Hæc &longs;ic di&longs;po&longs;ita, à &longs;imilitudine <lb/>Manicæ metallicæ dicuntur. </s> <s>Implentur in­<lb/>tùs materia, quam liquare propo&longs;itum e&longs;t, <lb/>atque carbonibus alternatim conclu&longs;us hic <lb/>ignis &longs;ummam habet vim, cunctáque ne­<lb/>ce&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t, &longs;i non colliquantur, vri. </s> <s>Non vul­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg144"></arrow.to.target><lb/>garis vtilitas e&longs;t &longs;piritus, qui per <expan abbr="canal&etilde;">canalem</expan> ex <lb/>follibus intùs immittitur: hic primò, quòd <lb/>palàm e&longs;t, ignem accendit, & flammam &longs;u&longs;­<lb/>citat, ip&longs;úmque ignem cogit vehementiùs <lb/>penetrare. </s> <s>Secundò, cùm frigidus &longs;it, conce­<lb/>ptum a metallo calorem cogit, ac intrò pel­<lb/>lit, atque &longs;ic materiam in qua e&longs;t, di&longs;&longs;oluit. <lb/>Tertiò &longs;i quid liquatum e&longs;t, ne vratur, pro­<lb/>hibet, calorémque mitigat. </s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg140"></margin.target>Puluis pyrius <lb/>ab&longs;que &longs;tre­<lb/>pitu &longs;phæru­<lb/>lam eiiciens <lb/>è machinis.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg141"></margin.target>Ignis offen­<lb/>dens vi&longs;um.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg142"></margin.target>Ignis qui <lb/>mollia red­<lb/>dit metalla, <lb/>vel dura. <lb/>Varia <expan abbr="igniũ">ignium</expan> <lb/>vis ex appli­<lb/>catione.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg143"></margin.target>Manicæ me­<lb/>tallicæ.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg144"></margin.target>Vtilitas fol­<lb/>lium in li­<lb/>quandis me­<lb/>tallis.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Supere&longs;t his vi&longs;is, vt dubitationes ali­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg145"></arrow.to.target><lb/>quas di&longs;&longs;oluamus, quarum prima e&longs;t, &longs;i ca­<lb/>lidum in humido concoquit, atque aërem <lb/>etiam, &longs;eu calidam & humidam matetiam <pb pagenum="388"/>generat, quid prohibet, ne in mi&longs;tis aërem <lb/>etiam e&longs;&longs;e ponamus? </s> <s>Nam vt frigida & &longs;ic­<lb/>ca materia ibi e&longs;t, non pura terra, & frigi­<lb/>da, & humida, non autem aqua: &longs;ic cali­<lb/>da & humida materia illa aër dici poterit, <lb/>& calida ac &longs;icca ignis: atque &longs;ic res hæc ad <lb/>opinionem Ari&longs;totelicorum denuò redibit. <lb/>Sed differentia non parua e&longs;t. </s> <s>Primò, quia <lb/>aër ibi nullus e&longs;t: fit enim aër à calido igneo <lb/>non naturali: quòd & &longs;i fiat, extruditur. <lb/>Palam e&longs;t hoc, quòd homines, qui vali­<lb/>dum habent calorem naturalem, expertes <lb/>flatus &longs;unt: &longs;unt qui verò bile abundant & <lb/>calidi &longs;unt naturâ, modicum tamen ha­<lb/>bent naturalis caloris, flatu abundant. <lb/>Deinde quòd aliud &longs;it dicere, ab initio ge­<lb/>nerationis quatuor elementa mi&longs;ceri, aliud <lb/>quòd in mi&longs;tis po&longs;tquam mi&longs;ta &longs;unt, inue­<lb/>niantur partes his elementis con&longs;imiles. </s> <s>Ac­<lb/>cedit, quòd pars illa, quæ igni &longs;imilis vide­<lb/>tur, huic no&longs;tro &longs;imilis e&longs;t, quod elemen­<lb/>tum nullum e&longs;&longs;e con&longs;tat. </s> <s>Denique quod ma­<lb/>ius e&longs;t, terreæ & aqueæ partes cùm &longs;eparan­<lb/>tur, non &longs;ola qualitate, &longs;ed etiam &longs;ub&longs;tan­<lb/>tiis terram & aquam referunt: igneæ autem <lb/>& aëreæ non &longs;ub&longs;tantiis, &longs;ed &longs;ola qualitate. <lb/>Itaque, vt dictum antè fuit, terra, aqua, & <lb/>calorin humido cuncta generant, è quibus <lb/>tamen &longs;ecundum &longs;imilitudinem qualitatum <lb/>quatuor &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ fieri videntur. </s> <s>Nam <expan abbr="quã-vis">quan­<lb/>vis</expan> ( vt dixi ) aër naturâ &longs;it frigidi&longs;&longs;imus, in <lb/>mi&longs;tis tamen quatuor &longs;unt partes, &longs;ub&longs;tantia <lb/>& viribus differentes. </s> <s>Terra enim, quæ ca­<lb/>lore euicta non e&longs;t, frigida & &longs;icca manens, <lb/>naturam, cùm ac &longs;ub&longs;tantiam, & nomen <lb/>priùs ei inditum retinet, tamet&longs;i minimè ter­<lb/>ra &longs;it. </s> <s>Pars autem eius: quæ à calore &longs;upe­<lb/>ratur, &longs;icca manens, euadit calidior, voca­<lb/>túrque ignis vel quia igni no&longs;tro &longs;imilis &longs;e, <lb/>licet inferior viribus: vel quia de igne talem <lb/>veteres opinionem habuerint. </s> <s>Simili ratione <lb/>aqua, quam calor euincere nequiuit, aqua <lb/>vocatur, nec tamen aqua e&longs;t. </s> <s>Pars autem, <lb/>quam calor &longs;uperauit, dicitur aër, quia ca­<lb/>lida e&longs;t, & humida &longs;ub&longs;tantia: talem enim <lb/>aërem e&longs;&longs;e veteres exi&longs;timauerunt, quum <lb/>tamen ( vt dixi ) aër velut cætera omnia ele­<lb/>menta &longs;it frigidi&longs;&longs;imus. </s> <s>Atque hæc de mi&longs;to­<lb/>rum partibus quæ&longs;tio clara e&longs;t. </s> <s>Alia huic <lb/>difficilior &longs;ucccedit quæ&longs;tio. </s> <s>Nam &longs;i calor <lb/>putridus e&longs;t in &longs;icco, quomodo generat? </s> <s>Po­<lb/>&longs;uimus enim ip&longs;um igneæ naturæ, & tamen <lb/>animalia generare palàm e&longs;t. </s> <s>Si autem in <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg146"></arrow.to.target><lb/>humido, quomodo corrumpit? </s> <s>Verùm ob id <lb/>generat, quia à naturali &longs;ub&longs;tantia non dif­<lb/>fert. </s> <s>Etenim quum in humido &longs;itus &longs;it, natu­<lb/>ralis dicitur his, quibus conuenit: his au­<lb/>tem quibus e&longs;t di&longs;&longs;imilis ac noxius, non na­<lb/>turalis ac putridus appellatur. </s> <s>Cùm enim ca­<lb/>ro corrumpitur, calor qui intus e&longs;t carni <lb/>quidem putridus, vermi autem generando <lb/>naturalis e&longs;&longs;e videtur. </s> <s>Ob hoc igitur ca­<lb/>lor omnis putridus aliquid generat, & ali­<lb/>quid etiam corrumpit. </s> <s>Quia enim elemen­<lb/>ta omnia ( vt dixi ) frigidi&longs;&longs;ima &longs;unt, &longs;uper­<lb/>ueniente calore nece&longs;&longs;ariò agitantur atque <lb/>mi&longs;centur, & aliquid generant, pro caloris <lb/>ac materiæ natura: hudum primò, inde fun­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg147"></arrow.to.target><lb/>gos, pò&longs;t herbarum genera quædam, tum <lb/>vermes atque &longs;erpentes. </s> <s>Vnde animæ &longs;ub­<lb/>&longs;t antia ip&longs;a manife&longs;ta e&longs;t, quia calore quo­<lb/>dam cœle&longs;ti con&longs;tat. </s> <s>Neque ergo putredo <lb/>vlla fit, quæ non &longs;it generatio. </s> <s>Et calor idem <lb/>&longs;emper hoc generat, illud corrumpit. </s> <s>Et <lb/>quum ex pomo homo nutritur, humanus <lb/>ille calor pomo quidem putridus e&longs;t, homi­<lb/>ni autem naturalis. </s> <s>Dicitur tamen magis <lb/>naturalis is, qui e&longs;t in &longs;emine, quia tran&longs;­<lb/>mutatio fit ad nobilius. </s> <s>Putridus autem vo­<lb/>catur, quum generantur animalia, quæ vi­<lb/>liora &longs;unt his, ex quibus generantur. </s> <s>Vt <lb/>igitur in &longs;emine actio omnis, ni&longs;i impedia­<lb/>rur, ad generationem e&longs;t, ita etiam in pu­<lb/>trefactione: nam & illa opus naturæ fru&longs;tra­<lb/>ri contingit. </s> <s>Omnis ergo calor &longs;imilis na­<lb/>turalis dicitur, & con&longs;eruat: di&longs;&longs;imilis au­<lb/>tem putridus appellatur, & corrumpit. </s> <s>In <lb/>hypydemiis enim ouis calor gallinæ cor­<lb/>rumpit, & aliud generat, non pullum: quia <lb/>calor ille non e&longs;t ei naturalis. </s> <s>In ouis au­<lb/>tem, quæ &longs;emine galli fœcunda facta &longs;unt, <lb/>naturalis fit, & pullos generat. </s> <s>Vnus igi­<lb/>tur, idémque calor & naturalis e&longs;t, & pu­<lb/>trefaciens. </s> <s>Ergo &longs;i calor omnis, qui corrum­<lb/>pit quod iam e&longs;t, putridus dicitur, etiam <lb/>qui in &longs;emine e&longs;t, putridus meritò dici pote&longs;t: <lb/>corrumpit enim &longs;emen plantæ vt plantam, <lb/>& a&longs;ini vt a&longs;inum, & hominis vt hominem <lb/>generet. </s> <s>Quamobrem omnis calor generans, <lb/>putridus erit. </s> <s>Sed naturalis dicitur, cùm &longs;i­<lb/>mile generat his, à quibus deciditur, & no­<lb/>bilius ip&longs;a materia. </s> <s>Sed omnis putridus ge­<lb/>nerat aliquid, & ideò naturalis e&longs;t. </s> <s>Calor <lb/>igitur naturalis, & putridus &longs;olùm compa­<lb/>ratione differunt, re autem idem &longs;unt. <lb/>Namque omnis calor cœle&longs;tis generat, & <lb/>corrumpit, e&longs;tque anima, vel animæ in&longs;tru­<lb/>mentum, aut cau&longs;a: in&longs;trumentum autem non <lb/>e&longs;t, quia anima prior e&longs;t: neque cau&longs;a, manet <lb/>enim: &longs;ed anima. </s> <s>Propter quod non malè di­<lb/>xit Anaxagoras, omnia e&longs;&longs;e mi&longs;ta, atque ani­<lb/>mâ prædita. </s> <s>Nam quæcunque mi&longs;ta &longs;unt, ge­<lb/>nerantur, & corrumpuntur: quod autem ge­<lb/>nerat, & corrumpit, calor e&longs;t naturalis: calor <lb/>autem naturalis, aut anima, aut non &longs;ine ani­<lb/>ma. </s> <s>Mi&longs;ta igitur omnia calida, & calidum <lb/>omne viuit, aut ad vitam properat. </s> <s>Calor <lb/>enim ille cœle&longs;tis nunquam ce&longs;&longs;at, donec <lb/>aliquid generauerit, & quod generat, iuxta <lb/>&longs;ui potentiam, & magnitudinem generat. <lb/>Vnde in Ægypto cùm magnus &longs;it, anima­<lb/>lia etiam perfecta generat, vt lepores, & ca. <lb/>preolos, ab&longs;que &longs;emine vllo Seminum au­<lb/>tem calores à coloribus putredinum diffe­<lb/>runt, quia materiam magis paratam habent. <lb/>Ideò in &longs;eminis propagatione minùs fit fœ­<lb/>toris, quia minùs inutilis partis continetur. <lb/>Attamen dùm ex &longs;emine an imalia generan­<lb/>tur, putredo magna fit, quam men&longs;es indi­<lb/>cant, qui à partu fluunt fœtidi atque corru­<lb/>pti. </s> <s>Verùm calor, qui non generat, humido <lb/>caret proprio, &longs;ed vel nimis mouetur, vel fa­<lb/>ti&longs;cit, quia pingue humidum non e&longs;t. </s> <s>Princi­<lb/>pia enim generationis calor cœle&longs;tis, & ele­<lb/>mentorum humidum: ob hoc neque in gla­<lb/>cie, quoniam nullus calor, neque in arena <lb/>quicquam generatur, quia humido omni ca­<lb/>ret. </s> <s>Altera enim harum qualitatum agens, <lb/>altera patiens e&longs;t: nam nulla alia qualitas (vt <lb/>dixi) inuenitur, &longs;ed humidi priuatio &longs;iccitas, <pb pagenum="389"/>velut caloris frigus. </s> <s>Sed dices: Si anima &longs;o­<lb/>lum e&longs;t calor cœle&longs;tis, non erit &longs;ub&longs;tantia, <lb/>&longs;ed accidens. </s> <s>Et &longs;i &longs;olum lumen, corruptibilis <lb/>e&longs;t enim lumen, quia lux, & &longs;ublata luce, <lb/>lumen & corrumpitur: quare nec genera­<lb/>bit. </s> <s>nec genita &longs;eruabit. </s> <s>Et &longs;i calor ille cor­<lb/>pus e&longs;t, erit in corpore corpus, quod e&longs;&longs;e non <lb/>po&longs;&longs;e &longs;uperiùs demon&longs;tratum e&longs;t. </s> <s>Et &longs;i ab&longs;­<lb/>que corpore atque &longs;ub&longs;tantia, erit in corpore <lb/>incorporea &longs;ub&longs;tantia. </s> <s>Talibus difficultati­<lb/>bus premi videntur, qui calorem hunc ani­<lb/>mam e&longs;&longs;e contendunt. </s> <s>Sed calor hic, de quo <lb/>agitur, corpus non e&longs;t, neque impre&longs;&longs;io quæ­<lb/>dam: ob id neque accidens, nec corpus pe­<lb/>netrabile à corpore: &longs;ed corporeus dicitur, <lb/>quia &longs;ine corpore e&longs;&longs;e non pote&longs;t. </s> <s>Manife­<lb/>&longs;tum e&longs;t igitur, quod à principio propo&longs;ue­<lb/>ramus, quinque vbique e&longs;&longs;e principia, ma­<lb/>teriam, formam, motum, locum, & ani­<lb/>mam. </s> <s>Sed anima forma e&longs;t quædam, non au­<lb/>tem quæ primò cum hyle iungitur. </s> <s>Forma <lb/>igitur e&longs;t anima, &longs;ed non eiu&longs;dem generis: <lb/>quatuor enim e&longs;&longs;ent principia. </s> <s>Forma etiam <lb/>altera fit, raliqua perficitur. </s> <s>Omnis igitur <lb/>anima eodem modo perennis e&longs;t, nec vt Pla­<lb/>to ait, perfectorum animalium tantùm: <lb/>e&longs;&longs;et enim ac &longs;i diceremus, quòd hominum <lb/>cæcorum, aut mutorum aliæ &longs;int animæ, <lb/>quàm perfectorum hominum. </s> <s>Con&longs;entiunt <lb/>autem hæc dictis in libro de Animi immor­<lb/>talitate, & demon&longs;trata &longs;unt in libris de <lb/>Æternitatis arcanis. </s> <s>Nunc verò eou&longs;que <lb/>declara&longs;&longs;e &longs;ufficiat, quoniam calores i&longs;ti <lb/>eiu&longs;dem &longs;unt generis; & animæ: differunt <lb/>autem vt contraria. </s> <s>Nec &longs;olùm quæ &longs;ine <lb/>&longs;emine generantur, his quæ cum &longs;emine, <lb/>&longs;ed & &longs;emine genita inuicem contraria &longs;unt, <lb/>vt bobus & hominibus viperæ, &longs;corpij, <lb/>araneæ: nam dentibus, & aculeo, & forci­<lb/>pe &longs;i &longs;auciauerint hominem, corpus illius <lb/>putrefaciunt atque corrumpunt, nonnun­<lb/>quam etiam occidentes. </s> <s>Quum igitur terra, <lb/>& aqua parum concocta &longs;unt, prouenit ge­<lb/>neratio animalium viliorum, vt vermium. <lb/>Si autem mi&longs;tio vehemens fuerit, & calor <lb/>potens &longs;eu multus, temperatus tamen, ge­<lb/>nerabuntur &longs;tirpes, aut animalia perfectio­<lb/>ra, præ&longs;ertim autem adiuuante alieno &longs;emi­<lb/>ne, aut ex aliorum cadaueribus ac corpori­<lb/>bus: hæc enim magis refracta, & minus ex­<lb/>cedunt qualitatibus impre&longs;&longs;is, aut proprio <lb/>frigore vim generantis caloris, ob id obtem­<lb/>perat materia melius illi, & fiunt, mures, <lb/>&longs;erpentes, lepores, fibri, lupi fluuiatiles, quos <lb/>nemo &longs;anæ mentis nouis pi&longs;cinis &longs;pontè ad­<lb/>dat, & tamen breui coale&longs;cunt. </s> <s>Ergo quum <lb/>vnus &longs;it calor, plures &longs;unt illius modi tùm <lb/>&longs;pecies. </s> <s>Sic quædam nobis conueniunt, alia <lb/>autem aduer&longs;antur. </s> <s>Hoc autem contingit, <lb/>quia eorum calor, et&longs;i in humido &longs;it &longs;itus, <lb/>non tamen humido hominis conuenit: nam <lb/>ab aliquo obruitur, ab aliquo di&longs;&longs;ipatur: ita <lb/>ver&longs;a vice cogit humidum calor naturalis <lb/>exiguus, alius exurit. </s> <s>Vt igitur omnis ig­<lb/>neus calor exurit, non ita quicunque exurit <lb/>humidum aliquod, igneus e&longs;t, &longs;ed illi tantùm <lb/>igneus. <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg148"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg145"></margin.target>Elementa <lb/>quomodo in <lb/>mi&longs;ta.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg146"></margin.target>Calor putri­<lb/>dus quomodo <lb/>animalia <lb/>generet.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg147"></margin.target>Anima quid <lb/>&longs;it.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg148"></margin.target>Putredo pin­<lb/>guium</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Non putre&longs;cunt igitur &longs;icca: putre&longs;cunt <lb/>quæ humido aqueo prædita &longs;unt celerrimè <lb/>ac maximè: medio modo quæ pinguia &longs;unt, <lb/>vt laridum, oleum, nuces, amygdalæ, farci­<lb/>mina. </s> <s>Malè olent, quæ &longs;ic putre&longs;cunt, atta­<lb/>men eduntur, præ&longs;ertim à minùs delicati <lb/>palati hominibus. </s> <s>Sic etiam &longs;aliti pi&longs;ces, <lb/>vt nihil magis. </s> <s>Dubitatur autem, quia <lb/>magis putre&longs;cere deberent aqueis, quæ ca­<lb/>loris &longs;unt expertia: calor autem putrefacit <lb/>omnia, vt diximus. </s> <s>Sed cau&longs;a quare non <lb/>putre&longs;cunt talia, nec celeriter, nec perfe­<lb/>ctè, vt caro & &longs;tans aqua, e&longs;t, quia cùm <lb/>putredo à calore contrario naturali fiat, <lb/>quæ plurimum caloris innati retinent, vt <lb/>pinguia, &longs;eriùs putre&longs;cunt, dum verò ran­<lb/>cida fiunt, amara euadunt. </s> <s>Nam calor putre­<lb/>faciens cùm pingue putre&longs;cat, in amarorem <lb/>tran&longs;it, vel ex dulci, vel ex pingui &longs;apore. </s> <s>In­</s></p><p type="main"> <s><arrow.to.target n="marg149"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;ipida ergo non putre&longs;cunt &longs;ic, &longs;ed &longs;al&longs;a, pin­<lb/>guia, amara, acuta: calidorum enim hæc <lb/>pa&longs;&longs;io e&longs;t, vt diximus. </s> <s>Frigidi autem &longs;apores <lb/>&longs;unt, au&longs;terus, acidus, acerbus, a&longs;tringens, <lb/>atque in&longs;ipidus: reliqui autem calidi, vt pin­<lb/>guis, dulcis, &longs;al&longs;us, amarus, acutus qui om­<lb/>nium e&longs;t calidi&longs;&longs;imus. </s> <s>Ob hoc igitur oleum <lb/>glandis vnguentariæ, quam Myrobalanum <lb/>rectè vocant (non hæc e&longs;t myrobalanus, nec <lb/>ei conuenit hoc nomen, cùm odore, ac &longs;a­<lb/>pore penè vacet ) qua&longs;i temperatum non <lb/>marce&longs;cit. </s> <s>Optimè igitur odores illi ab vn­<lb/>guentariis excipiuntur. </s> <s>Quia ergo quod ran­<lb/>cidum euadit, amare&longs;cit, & &longs;iccatur, idque <lb/>vetu&longs;tate contingit: quæ oleo merguntur, <lb/>non rance&longs;cunt, &longs;icque &longs;eruantur farcimina, <lb/>minú&longs;que in libero aëre, quia non cale&longs;cunt. <lb/>Oleum autem ip&longs;um cùm multùm fuerit, <lb/>non corrumpitur: quia ambiens aër e&longs;t cau­<lb/>&longs;a corruptionis, multùm autem re&longs;i&longs;tit. </s> <s>Sic <lb/>vinum multum, aqua, oleum, atque omnia <lb/>quantitate diutiùs &longs;eruantur. </s> <s>Quoniam verò <lb/>omnia vetu&longs;tate exeduntur, quæ putre&longs;cere <lb/>perfectè nequeunt, tempore talia fiunt om­<lb/>nia, vt farcimina, nuces, pi&longs;tacia, pineæ, & <lb/>quæcunque oleum continent. </s> <s>Nam & pi&longs;­<lb/>ces &longs;aliti oleum habent, tùm ratione &longs;alis, <lb/>tùm ratione carnis: atque etiam pinguia (vt <lb/>dixi) omnia. </s> <s>Humida verò valdè dum talia <lb/>&longs;unt non putre&longs;cunt &longs;ic, &longs;ed &longs;i benè pinguia, <lb/>&longs;eruantur: aut &longs;i minùs, &longs;itum contrahunt, <lb/>alia putre&longs;cunt. </s> <s>Vt verò à calore debili fiunt <lb/>hæc tria, &longs;itus, rancor, & putredo: ita vbi <lb/>calor viget, &longs;eruantur plurimum. </s> <s>Commu­<lb/>ne e&longs;t autem omni putredinis generi, odor <lb/>prauus, in &longs;itu quidem grauis, in rancore <lb/>rancens, in putredine perfecta fœtidus. </s> <s>Sed <lb/>in carie (nam & xoc genus quoddam putre­<lb/>dinis) odor minimus, quia in terreo. </s> <s>Quatuor <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg150"></arrow.to.target><lb/>enim e&longs;&longs;e genera putredinis, neque plura, ne­<lb/>que pauciora, facilè e&longs;t demon&longs;trare. </s> <s>Quæ <lb/>enim putre&longs;cunt, aut integrè corrumpuntur, <lb/>& dicuntur putrida: aut non perfectè, & <lb/>tunc vel ob frigus non perfectè corrumpun­<lb/>tur, & vocatur &longs;itus: aut ob calorem, & voca­<lb/>tur rancor: vel ob &longs;iccitatem, & dicitur caries. <lb/>Ob humidum autem non pote&longs;t impediri <lb/>putredo: &longs;ed humidum cùm &longs;it putredinis <lb/>&longs;ubiectum, aut omninò prohibet <expan abbr="putredin&etilde;">putredinem</expan>, <lb/>aut omninò putre&longs;cit, quod humidum e&longs;t. <lb/>Humidum enim non ex &longs;e, &longs;ed vel ob calidi­<lb/>tatem, vel ob frigiditatem remoratur putre­<lb/>dinem. </s> <s>Hac de cau&longs;a facilè e&longs;t prohibere <lb/>putredinem in &longs;itu, & vera putredine, amota <pb pagenum="390"/>aquea parte. </s> <s>Hæc autem vel ignibus, vt in <lb/>pane: & pinguedine, quæ cocta non putre&longs;­<lb/>cit: vel &longs;i humidum paucum &longs;it, vt in &longs;ali­<lb/>ta carne, frigido, & &longs;icco &longs;eruatur, qua­<lb/>lis e&longs;t aër dum mouetur. </s> <s>Nam aër cùm mo­<lb/>uetur, frigidus e&longs;t, & &longs;iccus: frigidus qui­<lb/>dem ob naturam, &longs;iccus ob motum: motus <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg151"></arrow.to.target><lb/>enim exciccat. </s> <s>Ob hoc igitur aër immotus <lb/>corrumpit, quia humectat, nec tanrùm, <lb/>quantum nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t refrigerat: dum autem <lb/>mouetur, con&longs;eruat, exccicans ob motum, <lb/>& vehementer refrigerans. </s> <s>Multa ergo cùm <lb/>aër exponuntur, corrumpuntur, quæ aliter <lb/>incorrupta manebant: alia &longs;eruantur, quæ <lb/>ab&longs;que aëris auxilio corrumperentur. </s> <s>Itaque <lb/>non &longs;olùm hæc, &longs;ed alia, quæ inferiùs di­<lb/>centur, à putredine &longs;eruantur. </s> <s>A rancore au­<lb/>tem & carie humida tuentur, & quæ aëris <lb/>motum prohibent: nam ab hoc &longs;iccantur. <lb/>Sed talia cùm &longs;int immodicè calida, vel &longs;ic­<lb/>ca, licet à putredine ignis auxilio præ&longs;erua­<lb/>rentur, corrumperentur tamen ab&longs;que pu­<lb/>tredine. </s> <s>De putredinis igitur cau&longs;is ac gene­<lb/>ribus, & auxiliis &longs;atis dictum e&longs;t. </s> <s>Reliquum <lb/>e&longs;t igitur vt doceamus, ip&longs;i Sacro liquori, <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg152"></arrow.to.target><lb/>de quo &longs;uprà diximus, nihil Elixir propin­<lb/>quius e&longs;&longs;e, quod pater meus con&longs;truxit. </s> <s>O­<lb/>dorata pleraque ligna, & herbæ ardente <lb/>aqua excipiuntur, & in fimo &longs;epulta &longs;emi­<lb/>putre&longs;cunt, vnde <emph type="italics"/>(<emph.end type="italics"/> vt dictum e&longs;t ) tenuior <lb/>pars à terrea &longs;eparatur, inde di&longs;tillatione <lb/>optimum quicquid e&longs;t fæce &longs;ola relicta de­<lb/>trahimus. </s> <s>Dentes hoc firmant, & canos <lb/>retardat, concoctionem, memoriam, & <lb/>&longs;en&longs;us iuuat, Sacro liquore, tamet&longs;i plures <lb/>in mediam prouehat &longs;enectam, longè in­<lb/>feriùs. <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg153"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg149"></margin.target>Saporum na­<lb/>tura.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg150"></margin.target>Quatuor e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>genera pu­<lb/>tred nis de­<lb/>mon&longs;tratur.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg151"></margin.target>Aer cur cor­<lb/>rumpat quæ­<lb/>dam, alia <lb/>&longs;eruet.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg152"></margin.target>Elixir com­<lb/>po&longs;itio.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg153"></margin.target>Putridi, & <lb/>ignei caloris <lb/>differentia.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>At dices, &longs;i putridus calor corrumpit, <lb/>cur etiam non igneus, cùm eiu&longs;dem &longs;it ge­<lb/>neris? </s> <s>Hoc e&longs;t, quia igneus exterior e&longs;t, <lb/>putridus autem intimus: ob hoc igneus cùm <lb/>ad &longs;e trahat, & &longs;iccando, trahendo &longs;iccat <lb/>interiora, & putredinem prohibet. </s> <s>Putri­<lb/>dus quamvis &longs;iccet, cùm intimus &longs;it, & ad <lb/>&longs;e trahat <emph type="italics"/>(<emph.end type="italics"/> omnis enim calor ad &longs;e trahit <emph type="italics"/>)<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>interiora humectat, & putrefacit. </s> <s>Putridus <lb/>igitur cum igneo conuenit, quòd & ip&longs;e &longs;ic­<lb/>cet, & generet: & cum naturali, quòd in <lb/>penetralibus iaceat, & corrumpat. </s> <s>Ob id <lb/>putridus calor, medius rectè dictus à qui­<lb/>bu&longs;dam inter igneum, & naturalem. </s> <s>Nam <lb/>&longs;ub&longs;tantia &longs;imilis e&longs;t igneo, &longs;itu in compa­<lb/>ratione ad alimentum naturali: nam &longs;emper <lb/>igneus extra alimentum po&longs;itus e&longs;t. </s> <s>Sed di­<lb/>ces, cur putridus calor veneni auctor e&longs;t, </s></p><p type="main"> <s><arrow.to.target n="marg154"></arrow.to.target><lb/>igneus omnibus re&longs;i&longs;tit venenis<emph type="italics"/>?<emph.end type="italics"/> Nam vul­<lb/>nera ex venenatis animalibus profecta, &longs;i <expan abbr="cã-denti">can­<lb/>denti</expan> ferro vrantur, expertia fiunt: & me­<lb/>dicamenta quælibet cùm vruntur, & in ci­<lb/>nerem rediguntur, venenum e&longs;&longs;e de&longs;inunt: <lb/>&longs;ublimata autem ( &longs;ic enim nunc quæ anti­<lb/>quo tempore cocta vocabantur ) vt &longs;æpiùs <lb/>cocta fuerint, eò fiunt pernicio&longs;iora, & ma­<lb/>gis præ&longs;entanea ad mortem. </s> <s>Ratio eadem <lb/>e&longs;t in putrcdine, & his quæ &longs;ublimantur: <lb/>nam vbi calor augetur, & humidum non <lb/>finitur, vt in his, quæ coquuntur, aut pu­<lb/>tre&longs;cunt, veneni vis exacerbatur: vbi verò <lb/>vruntur, quum omnis humida pars pereat, <lb/>& &longs;imul finiatur caliditas, vt in cinere, ne­<lb/>ce&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t, & veneni vim totam ab&longs;cedere. <lb/>Non ab&longs;urdè igitur quidam argento viuo <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg155"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;ublimato pe&longs;tem curabat, nam vi ignea <lb/>omne venenum finitur. </s> <s>Sic apud Au&longs;onium <lb/>rectè: <lb/><emph type="quote"/><emph type="italics"/>Toxica zelotypo dedit vxor mœcha marito, <lb/>Nec &longs;atis ad m<gap/>tem credidit e&longs;&longs;e <expan abbr="datũ">datum</expan> <lb/>Mi&longs;cuit argenti lethalia pondera viui, <lb/>Cogeret vt celerem vis geminata necem.<emph.end type="italics"/><emph.end type="quote"/></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg154"></margin.target>Ignis omni <lb/>veneno re&longs;i­<lb/>&longs;tit.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg155"></margin.target>Pe&longs;tis cura <lb/>cum argento <lb/>&longs;ublimato.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Inde po&longs;t pauca &longs;ubiicit: <lb/><emph type="quote"/><emph type="italics"/>Ergo inter &longs;e&longs;e, dum noxia pocula certant, <lb/>Ce&longs;&longs;it lethalis noxa &longs;alutiferæ.<emph.end type="italics"/><emph.end type="quote"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Nam ( vt dixi ) argentum viuum &longs;ubli­<lb/>matum, ignis habet rationem. </s> <s>Verunta­<lb/>men qui pe&longs;tem &longs;ic curabat, plures medica­<lb/>mento occidebat, quàm &longs;anaret. </s> <s>Si igitur <lb/>innoxium, & igneum medicamentum pa­<lb/>retur, curare poterit. </s> <s>Illud tamen quale­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg156"></arrow.to.target><lb/>cunque fuerit, vt etiam calida lintea exte­<lb/>riùs appo&longs;ita, calorem debilitat naturalem. <lb/>At contraria ratione puellus, aut catulus <lb/>pinguis ventriculo applicatus, iuuat mul­<lb/>tùm concoctionem, & calorem auget natu­<lb/>ralem, quamvis non &longs;it idem calor, imò <lb/>à catuli calore etiam &longs;pecie differt. </s> <s>Ma­<lb/>nife&longs;tum e&longs;t igitur naturalem calorem, <lb/>cùm non offenditur ab alio naturali ca­<lb/>lore, motu, vt igneum ab igneo confir­<lb/>mari. </s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg156"></margin.target><expan abbr="Confirmãtia">Confirmantia</expan> <lb/>calorem in­<lb/>natum ven­<lb/>triculi.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>His explicatis ad elementorum hi&longs;toriam <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg157"></arrow.to.target><lb/>redeamus, quæ tria e&longs;&longs;e docuimus, aërem, <lb/>aquam, terram. </s> <s>Nec nece&longs;&longs;e fuit aërem <lb/>mi&longs;ceri in generatione, quoniam calor ad <lb/>patiendum minimè aptus e&longs;t: concurrunt <lb/>elementa vt materia, ideò terra & aqua &longs;uf­<lb/>ficiebant. </s> <s>Sed nec vt calefacerent, quando­<lb/>quidem alius calor fuit nece&longs;&longs;arius origine <lb/>cœle&longs;tis, & ille etiam operi &longs;ufficiebat, cum <lb/>duobus caloribus, veluti duobus principi­<lb/>bus deteriùs res proce&longs;&longs;ura fui&longs;&longs;et, nec ele­<lb/>menta frigida alieno calori, elementique <lb/>contrarij parui&longs;&longs;ent. </s> <s>Quinimò pugna quæ­<lb/>dam hæc fui&longs;&longs;et, non generatio. </s> <s>Admirabi­<lb/>tur for&longs;an aliquis, quòd in contradicen­<lb/>tium libris aliter &longs;en&longs;erim. </s> <s>Sed vbi opinio­<lb/>nes antiquorum &longs;equi propo&longs;itum fuit, hîc <lb/>verò docere veritatem. </s> <s>Cuius igitur cau&longs;a <lb/>elementum aëris factum e&longs;t? </s> <s>Vt &longs;ubiicere­<lb/>tur radiis &longs;iderum, illorúmque vires excipe­<lb/>ret: adeò excipit, vt in repentinis mutatio­<lb/>nibus non &longs;olùm animalia, &longs;ed etiam plan­<lb/>tas occidat, velut hoc anno M. D. XLIX. <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg158"></arrow.to.target><lb/>triduò citrangula omnia Liguriæ &longs;iccauit, <lb/>prodigio non leui. </s> <s>Cau&longs;a e&longs;t, quòd calori &longs;u­<lb/>perueniens corpora tàm plantarum, quàm <lb/>animalium aperta offendit, & calorem, qui <lb/>intùs e&longs;t, extinguit: non ita diuturnum <lb/>frigus, quod &longs;en&longs;im obrepit, licet maius <lb/>longè fuerit. </s> <s>Hoc verò contingere non po&longs;­<lb/>&longs;et, &longs;i ( vt ferunt) &longs;pontè e&longs;&longs;et calidi&longs;&longs;imus. <lb/>Ob id verò & per&longs;picuus factus e&longs;t, & fri­<lb/>gidi&longs;&longs;imus, vt animalibus e&longs;&longs;et &longs;alubris, & <lb/>commodus, non vt nugantur, calidi&longs;&longs;imus <lb/>& humidi&longs;&longs;imus. </s> <s>Quod verò ad confirmatio­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg159"></arrow.to.target><lb/>nem huius &longs;ententiæ e&longs;t, arduámque di&longs;&longs;ol­<lb/>uit quæ&longs;tionem, e&longs;t, quòd exhalantes toto <lb/>ore aërem excalefaciunt: quòd &longs;i con&longs;trictis <lb/>labiis ex&longs;ufflent, infrigidant. </s> <s>Cau&longs;am enim <lb/>hanc non aliam e&longs;&longs;e con&longs;picuum e&longs;t, quàm <lb/>quòd cùm &longs;pontè &longs;it frigidus, cum impetu <pb pagenum="391"/>delatus, po&longs;t &longs;e cogitur calidos vapores re­<lb/>linquere: & ip&longs;e etiam &longs;olus vi impetus in­<lb/>greditur cutis o&longs;cula: atque ob hæc duo im­<lb/>pensè refrigerat, quorum neutrum accidit, &longs;i <lb/>toto ore ex&longs;uffles, ac lentè. </s> <s>Quòd &longs;i vel cele­<lb/>riter patenti ore, vel con&longs;tricto, ac propè ad­<lb/>mota manu, excalefacies quidem parùm, <lb/>aut vix refrigerabis. </s> <s>Excalefacit etiam &longs;piri­<lb/>tus quali&longs;cunque, etiam &longs;i vi impellatur, <expan abbr="cõ-clu&longs;am">con­<lb/>clu&longs;am</expan> manum: quia vapor calidus e&longs;t, nec <lb/>pote&longs;t exhalare. </s> <s>Calidus quidem vapor, quia <lb/>ab ore erit, non pote&longs;t exhalare manu con­<lb/>clu&longs;a: &longs;ed motu in patenti loco refrigeratur, <lb/>& ad propriam redit naturam. </s> <s>Aër enim qui <lb/>au&longs;tralibus ventis ad nos defertur, tamet&longs;i <lb/>calidus &longs;it, ob vapores e&longs;t talis: vnde in iu­<lb/>gis montium &longs;emper refrigerat. </s> <s>Indicio &longs;unt <lb/>grandines, quæ & media æ&longs;tate, & ab au­<lb/>&longs;tro, & non altiùs montium cacuminibus de­<lb/>cidunt. </s> <s>Grando enim frigidi&longs;&longs;ima e&longs;t. </s> <s>Sed vt <lb/>&longs;eruaretur aër, atque peregrinam omnem <lb/>qualitatem exueret, perpetuò moueri nece&longs;­<lb/>&longs;e fuit. </s> <s>Indicio e&longs;t autem aërem &longs;emper mo­<lb/>ueri, quòd in angu&longs;tis locis aura &longs;emper &longs;pi­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg160"></arrow.to.target><lb/>rat. </s> <s>Cùm enim altiùs &longs;emper moueatur, at­<lb/>que a&longs;&longs;iduè agitetur, inferiùs hic leuiter &longs;em­<lb/>per flat: qui cùm è rima exitum habuerit, <lb/>coacto toto impetu propter loci angu&longs;tiam <lb/>vehementer imprimit, exemplo aquarum in <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg161"></arrow.to.target><lb/>fluminibus magnis, quæ cùm vix fluere vi­<lb/>deantur, per angu&longs;ta loca, aut vocatas con­<lb/>chas deductæ, conatu magno ac &longs;trepitu, <lb/>tùm fragore immen&longs;o coguntur erumpere. <lb/>Motus enim, & cætera, quæ &longs;ub&longs;tantiis con­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg162"></arrow.to.target><lb/>tinuis adueniunt, in vnum cogunt: vbi etiam <lb/>ampla moles in exiguam aliquam partem <lb/>concluditur. </s> <s>Inde ex hoc crypto porticus fri­<lb/>gidi&longs;&longs;imas con&longs;truere docemur, plures atque <lb/>angu&longs;tas rece&longs;&longs;us in illas dirigendo. </s> <s>Et in <lb/>Ægypto aër nimio æ&longs;tu ferueat, excogitata <lb/>ratio turrium alti&longs;&longs;imarum, in quibus anfra­<lb/>ctus angu&longs;tiores è &longs;ummo vertice obliqui <lb/>aërem deducunt frigidi&longs;&longs;imum: quia à locis <lb/>exceptus purioribus frigidior e&longs;t, & ob &longs;pa­<lb/>tij longitudinem fertur magno impetu, at­<lb/>que ideò frigidi&longs;&longs;imus euadit, & vehemen­<lb/>tiùs imprimit. </s> <s>Externus verò calor à muri <lb/>cra&longs;&longs;itudine arcetur. </s> <s>Et loci obliquitas ra­<lb/>dios &longs;olis impedit, admi&longs;&longs;a luce, ne ingre­<lb/>diantur. </s> <s>His quatuor con&longs;iliis in calidi&longs;&longs;ima <lb/>quacunque regione amœni&longs;&longs;imos receptus <lb/>atque &longs;aluberrimos fabricare licet: &longs;unt <lb/>enim &longs;alubres, quia perflati. </s> <s>At dices: Vide­<lb/>mus in turrium cacuminibus po&longs;itis flabel­<lb/>lis ex tenui&longs;&longs;imis, leui&longs;&longs;imi&longs;que laminis me­<lb/>tallicis volubilibus, ventos &longs;olùm eas moue­<lb/>re, aliter autem quie&longs;cunt: non igitur &longs;em­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg163"></arrow.to.target><lb/>per aër mouetur. </s> <s>Cùm enim &longs;cire cupimus <lb/>vnde &longs;pirent venti, flabelli aciem ad quam <lb/>partem re&longs;piciat atque con&longs;ideat in&longs;pici­<lb/>mus, ventumque ex aduer&longs;a regione flare <lb/>cogno&longs;cimus. </s> <s>Quòd &longs;i in pluribus locis acies <lb/>con&longs;ideat flabelli, totidem flant venti ex ad­<lb/>uer&longs;is regionibus quot fuerint loci, in qui­<lb/>bus con&longs;iderint: vt &longs;i ad Boream re&longs;piciat <lb/>flabellum, ex au&longs;tro ventus flat: &longs;i ad Orien­<lb/>tem, ex Occidente: &longs;i modò ad Boream, mò­<lb/>dò ad Orientem, vterque ventus &longs;pirat. </s> <s>Ea­<lb/>demque ratio, & in aliis, & in pluribus ob­<lb/>&longs;eruanda. </s> <s>Vnde Tritonem illum Vitruuia­<lb/>num collocare docemur. </s> <s>Verùm cùm venti <lb/>non &longs;pirant, aër ad partem vnam leuiter <lb/>tendit, inclinaturque eò perpetuò flabel­<lb/>lum: ob id non agitatur, & tamen &longs;emper <lb/>&longs;pirat. </s> <s>E&longs;t autem cùm <foreign lang="greek">gal<gap/>/e</foreign> viget, aëris <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg164"></arrow.to.target><lb/>motus ex Oriente, tendunt enim flabella ad <lb/>Occidentem: atque hic motus naturalis e&longs;t <lb/>aëris. </s> <s>Aër igitur frigidi&longs;&longs;imus e&longs;t, ac &longs;emper <lb/>mouetur. </s> <s>Factus e&longs;t etiam natura tenui&longs;&longs;i­<lb/>mus. </s> <s>Ergo aër tenui&longs;&longs;imus e&longs;t etiam, vt ictus <lb/>omnes exciperet. </s> <s>Nam in terra ob &longs;olidita­<lb/>tem motus non fiunt, ni&longs;i ob&longs;curi: in aqua <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg165"></arrow.to.target><lb/>verò etiam lenti: &longs;olus aër ictibus excipien­<lb/>dis apti&longs;&longs;imus, & ob ip&longs;am tenuitatem e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>videtur. </s> <s>Sunt autem motus &longs;implices alij <lb/>præter tres &longs;uperiùs dictos, quatuor. </s> <s>Cœle­<lb/>&longs;tis, qui maximè e&longs;t naturalis & alius rur&longs;us <lb/>naturalis, qui à quadam obedientia rerum <lb/>fit, vt aquæ ob Lunam, & ferri ad Hercu­<lb/>leum lapidem: & voluntarius, qui animali­<lb/>bus conuenit: quartus ex his e&longs;t violentus, <lb/>de quo nunc &longs;ermonem habere propo&longs;itum <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg166"></arrow.to.target><lb/>e&longs;t: nam de aliis &longs;uo loco dicemus. </s> <s>Vniuer&longs;i <lb/>igitur motus &longs;implices &longs;eptem &longs;unt, compo­<lb/>&longs;iti verò ex his &longs;iunt. </s> <s>Itaque cùm hæc pro­<lb/>po&longs;itio à Philo&longs;opho accepta e&longs;&longs;et, quòd ni­<lb/>hil mouetur ab&longs;que motore, & quòd illud, <lb/>quod mouetur motu violento, non habet <lb/>principium in &longs;e: quia motus eius e&longs;t purè <lb/>violentus, quare principium e&longs;t extrà, &longs;equi­<lb/>tur vt violenter mota ab aliquo extra mo­<lb/>tam rem moueantur. </s> <s>Hoc autem non po­<lb/>te&longs;t e&longs;&longs;e ni&longs;i aër, igitur mota violenter ab <lb/>aëre mouentur. </s> <s>Et quia cadebat dubitatio <lb/>eadem in aëre, propter vnam propo&longs;itionem, <lb/>quæ e&longs;t vera: quod omne corpus mouens <lb/>mouetur, & ideò &longs;i aër mouet lapidem pro­<lb/>iectum, mouetur: igitur ab aliquo mouetur <lb/>aër: & ideò hæremus &longs;icut de lapide. </s> <s>Dicunt <lb/>quòd aër cùm &longs;it leuis, à &longs;ua forma mouetur: <lb/>& ideò iuxta hanc &longs;ententiam quatuor ortæ <lb/>&longs;unt opiniones, quas nullus expo&longs;itorum in­<lb/>tellexit, & maximè Ari&longs;totelis ( quem adeò <lb/>iactant ) opinionem. </s> <s>Prima igitur e&longs;t, quòd <lb/>motum, vtpote lapis A, moueatur vi acqui­<lb/>&longs;ita à proiiciente: &longs;icut cùm calefactum ab <lb/>igne, calefacit po&longs;tmodum caliditate acqui­<lb/>&longs;ita alia, & ip&longs;um calidum diu manet: ita <lb/>motum recipit vim illam à mouente, per <lb/>quam fertur, donec quie&longs;cat. </s> <s>Sen&longs;ibilis e&longs;t <lb/>h&ecedil;c opinio, quæ Antiquorum e&longs;t argumento <lb/>ab Ari&longs;totele adducto reiecta. </s> <s>Sed & quòd <lb/>ab aëre moueatur inditio e&longs;&longs;e pote&longs;t, quòd <lb/>non tangens fulmen, arbores tamen etiam <lb/>pro&longs;ternit. </s> <s>Secunda Platonis fuit, quòd O <lb/>motum, gratia exempli, à mouente tran&longs;­<lb/>fertur v&longs;que ad B: inde cum relinquitur à <lb/>mouente, aër interim qui erat in loco mobi­<lb/>lis, id e&longs;t, in A, implet locum inter A & B, & <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg167"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ita tangit A mobile cum motu, & hoc modo <lb/>&longs;emper implet locum, quem A mobile de&longs;e­<lb/>rit, cum eo impetu cum quo Aiam mouetur: <lb/>hoc enim nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t ob raritatis motum, &longs;eu <lb/>ne detur vacuum. </s> <s>Sic igitur Plato pote&longs;t ar­<lb/>gumentari: Moto à quocunque impetu aër <lb/>&longs;ub&longs;equitur, eodem impotu implendo lo­<lb/>cum, & tangit A motum, igitur mouebit A <lb/>ip&longs;e aër eodem impetu, quo priùs motum <lb/>continuum faciendo: vocatque hunc modum <lb/>antiperi&longs;ta&longs;in, id e&longs;t, locorum &longs;ucce&longs;&longs;ione <pb pagenum="392"/>permutationem. </s> <s>Ari&longs;toteles dicit, quòd hoc <lb/>modo motus non fit: quia et&longs;i antiperi&longs;ta&longs;is <lb/>fiat, non tamen per illam mobile impelli <lb/>pote&longs;t. </s> <s>Ratio &longs;ua &longs;ic &longs;e habet: quæ antipe­<lb/>ri&longs;ta&longs;i mouent, etiam mouentur: igitur, dum <lb/>non mouentur, non mouent: &longs;ed quando <lb/>aer in A fuerit in B, tunc à nullo mouetur, <lb/>po&longs;&longs;edit enim locum, quem occupare debue­<lb/>rat: igitur non pote&longs;t mouere A, dum e&longs;t in <lb/>B, è loco &longs;uo. </s> <s>Patet, quia corpus non mouet <lb/>corpus, ni&longs;i cùm ip&longs;um mouens mouetur. </s> <s>Et <lb/>hæc demon&longs;tratio non fuit intellecta ab ex­<lb/>po&longs;itoribus, & tamen o&longs;tendit clarè opinio­<lb/>nem Platonis fal&longs;am e&longs;&longs;e. </s> <s>Tertia fuit quo­<lb/>rundam antiquorum, quòd aër antecedens <lb/>ante mobile, puta in C, dum mobile e&longs;t in <lb/>B, moueatur ver&longs;us D, & &longs;ucce&longs;&longs;ione ne va­<lb/>cuum detur, transferatur B in C ad locum <lb/>aëris moti: & ita idem aër mouetur ex D <lb/>in E, & mobile &longs;equatur eodem impetu: &longs;icut <lb/>&longs;i bos habeat locum &longs;eu vicem &longs;ubeat aeris <lb/>antecedentis, & currus ponderis &longs;eu mobi­<lb/>lis, & vinculum, quo bos trahit currum, e&longs;t <lb/>raritas, vel vacui nece&longs;&longs;itas: & &longs;ic quantum­<lb/>cunque mouebitur bos, & quantacunque <lb/>velocitate, eadem & tantùm mouebitur cur­<lb/>rus, & ita quantumcunque, & qualicunque <lb/>velocitate aër ante mobile A mouebitur, ea­<lb/>dem &longs;ub&longs;equetur A mobile, & ita fiet motus <lb/>continuus. </s> <s>Et hæc fuit opinio quorundam <lb/>antiquorum, quam quidam falsò Philo&longs;ophi <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e crediderunt, quum tamen ab ip&longs;o relin­<lb/>quatur, eadem ratione aduer&longs;us eam, quæ <lb/>contra primam opinionem adducta e&longs;t mili­<lb/>tante, &longs;cilicet, quòd &longs;i C aër transfertur in <lb/>D, quæritur à quo? </s> <s>&longs;i à mobili, igitur &longs;e mo­<lb/>uebunt vici&longs;&longs;im, quod e&longs;t impo&longs;&longs;ibile, nam <lb/>mobile propelleret aerem ex C in D: & iam <lb/>&longs;upponitur, quòd aër tran&longs;latus ex C in D, <lb/>trahat mobile ex C in D, igitur idem erit <lb/>cau&longs;a, & effectus comparatum ad idem. </s> <s>Si <lb/>dicas, quòd aër transfert &longs;eip&longs;um, dicit, cur <lb/>igitur etiam mobile hoc non pote&longs;t facere? <lb/>& redit prima opinio. </s> <s>Si dicas, quòd aër, <lb/>quia habet principium motus, hoc pote&longs;t <lb/>facere, &longs;equitur, quòd i&longs;te motus erit perpe­<lb/>tuus, quia aër ille &longs;emper manebit idem, & <lb/>mouetur à forma &longs;ua, igitur &longs;emper æquali <lb/>velocitate. </s> <s>Horum autem vtrunque experi­<lb/>mento repugnat: nam &longs;ic lapis proiectus <lb/>manu tran&longs;iret per totum orbem, & æquali <lb/>impetu: patet, quia &longs;uus aër præcedens æ­<lb/>quali impetu &longs;emper moueretur, & non po&longs;­<lb/>&longs;et o&longs;tendere qui&longs;quam rationem cur impe­<lb/>tus ille remitti debeat. </s> <s>Quarta opinio e&longs;t <lb/>Ari&longs;totelis, quòd aër, qui e&longs;t in B, motus ab <lb/>eo, qui lapidem iacit, ante mobile mouetur, <lb/>& propellit eum, qui e&longs;t in C: & ille, qui <lb/>e&longs;t in C, eum, qui e&longs;t in D, & ille qui e&longs;t in <lb/>D, eum qui e&longs;t in E, & ita donec perueniat <lb/>ad G, qui non po&longs;&longs;it mouere H, eò quòd e&longs;t <lb/>nimis debilis, & tunc quum H non mouea­<lb/>tur, non trahet pondus, & &longs;ic quie&longs;cet in G. <lb/>Dicit igitur hoc modo: motus violentus fit <lb/>debilior, quia F mouetur ab E, igitur minore <lb/>impetu, quàm E, & E quàm D, & ita &longs;emper <lb/>violentus motus debilitatur, vt apparet <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb/>experimento. </s> <s>Hîc etiam non e&longs;t motus &longs;ine <lb/>motus &longs;ine motore, quia quælibet pars mo­<lb/>uetur à &longs;ua præcedente, vt F, & E ab ip&longs;o <lb/>D.Tertiò patet ratio dicti, quòd priùs ce&longs;&longs;at <lb/>quælibet pars aëris moueri, quam mouere: <lb/>nam cùm D mouetur à C, mouet E, quia <lb/>mouetur à C: igitur dum quie&longs;cit iam D in <lb/>E, mouet D ip&longs;um E ex loco &longs;uo, igitur <lb/>ce&longs;&longs;at priùs moueri, quàm mouere, quia D <lb/>ce&longs;&longs;at moueri dum D e&longs;t in B, nam tunc C <lb/>e&longs;t in D, quod mouebat D: igitur cùm C e&longs;t <lb/>in D, D quie&longs;cit in E, & tunc C mouetur <lb/>ad F, & non mouetur, ni&longs;i ab aliquo, & il­<lb/>lud e&longs;t D, igitur D priùs de&longs;init moueri, <lb/>quàm mouere: quia dum e&longs;t D in C, non <lb/>mouetur, &longs;ed quie&longs;cit, & tamen mouet E <lb/>ver&longs;us F. </s> <s>Et &longs;i opponas, quòd corpus non <lb/>mouet, ni&longs;i moueatur, dico quòd e&longs;t verum, <lb/>&longs;ed tamen finis motus primi, id e&longs;t, mouen­<lb/>tis, e&longs;t coniunctus fini motus &longs;ecundi, non <lb/>idem: &longs;ed priùs ce&longs;&longs;at motor à motu, quàm <lb/>id quod mouetur, & hoc e&longs;t, quia &longs;altem <lb/>natura motor priùs mouetur, quàm moueat: <lb/>ideò patet quartum, quòd motus rei, quæ <lb/>proijcitur, componitur ex infinitis motibus <lb/>&longs;ibi inuicem &longs;uccedentibus, & e&longs;t continuus <lb/>per accidens: fit enim tra&longs;lato aëre B in C, & <lb/>aëre C interim in D, & eo qui erat in D <lb/>in E, & ita de aliis. </s> <s>Et ideò talis motus e&longs;t <lb/>etiam velox, quia fines adeò vnius, initiis <lb/>alterius iunguntur, quod videtur vt debeant <lb/>&longs;imul transferri, & non e&longs;t ita. </s> <s>Sed finga­<lb/>mus decem boues vnum ante alium, & om­<lb/>nes ante currum, & quilibet habeat &longs;timu­<lb/>lum in fronte, quo tangat alium bouem in <lb/>crure po&longs;teriore, tunc moto primo currus <lb/>&longs;uccedet, & ille idem mouebit &longs;ecundum, & <lb/><expan abbr="&longs;ecũdus">&longs;ecundus</expan> tertium, & &longs;emper vides, quòd qui­<lb/>libet bos priùs mouetur ab altero, quàm mo­<lb/>ueat, & tamen vltimus &longs;imul fermè cum <lb/>primo mouebitur: & hoc e&longs;t, quia talis &longs;uc­<lb/>ce&longs;&longs;io &longs;olùm componitur ex decem partibus, <lb/>&longs;unt enim decem boues tantùm: &longs;ed aëris <lb/>&longs;ucce&longs;&longs;io ex in finitis partibus componitur, <lb/>ideò refert tempus &longs;en&longs;ibile ab initio motus <lb/>lapidis v&longs;que ad finem. </s> <s>Sed ad infinitum tol­<lb/>lendum iuuat conden&longs;atio aëris, vt rectè di­<lb/>cebat Auerroës: & ip&longs;a e&longs;t cau&longs;a, vt celerius <lb/>e&longs;&longs;et motus, & vt non &longs;it nece&longs;&longs;arium pone­<lb/>re motus infinitos, &longs;ed &longs;olum innumerabiles. <lb/>Et hæc e&longs;t opinio Ari&longs;totelis, à nullis v&longs;que <lb/>ad hanc diem intellecta, de motu rerum, quæ <lb/>violenter mouentur. </s> <s>Sed nos magis indige­<lb/>mus prima, quæ e&longs;t &longs;implici&longs;&longs;ima, & etiam <lb/>non tantas difficultates patirur: & cum &longs;up­<lb/>ponitur, quòd omne quod mouetur, ab ali­<lb/>quo mouetur veri&longs;&longs;imum e&longs;t: &longs;ed illud quod <lb/>mouet, e&longs;t impetus acqui&longs;itus, &longs;icut calor <lb/>in aqua, qui e&longs;t ibi præter naturam ab igne <lb/>inductus, & tamen igne &longs;ublato, manum <lb/>tangentis exurit, & ideò etiam accidens vio­<lb/>lens adhærens vim &longs;uam retinet. </s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg157"></margin.target>Aer cur fa­<lb/>ctus &longs;it.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg158"></margin.target>Aer infrigi­<lb/>datus <expan abbr="rep&etilde;tè">repentè</expan> <lb/>cur tantum <lb/>noxæ afferat.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg159"></margin.target>Cur <expan abbr="&etilde;x&longs;uf-flando">enx&longs;uf­<lb/>flando</expan> aper­<lb/>tis labiis ca­<lb/>lefaciamus, <lb/>con&longs;trictis <lb/>infrigida. <lb/>mus.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg160"></margin.target>Aer &longs;emper <lb/>mouetur.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg161"></margin.target>Cur in an­<lb/>gu&longs;tis locis <lb/>&longs;emper au­<lb/>ram &longs;entia­<lb/>mus.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg162"></margin.target>Cryptæ fri­<lb/>gidiores <lb/>quomodo <lb/>fiant.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg163"></margin.target>Ventorum <lb/>dignotio vn­<lb/>do &longs;piret.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg164"></margin.target>Aër quò fe­<lb/>ratur mot<gap/><lb/>naturali.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg165"></margin.target>Motus &longs;im­<lb/>plices &longs;ep­<lb/>tem.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg166"></margin.target>De motu <lb/>violento <lb/>quomode <lb/>fiat.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg167"></margin.target><lb/>4. Phy. </s> <s>68 & <lb/>8. <lb/>Phy.82. <lb/> O A <lb/> . B <lb/> . C <lb/> . D <lb/> . E <lb/> . F <lb/> O G. <lb/></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Dicamus igitur primò ea, quæ &longs;unt ma­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg168"></arrow.to.target><lb/>nife&longs;ta, & &longs;unt, quòd quatuor &longs;unt cau&longs;æ <lb/>motus violenti, diuturni & celeris. </s> <s>Prima <lb/>e&longs;t, quòd cau&longs;a mouens celeriter ab initio <lb/>moueat. </s> <s>Secunda, quòd per magnum &longs;pa­<lb/>tium? </s> <s>ideò machinæ bellicæ, quò longio­<lb/>res, eò procul magis eiaculantur: & ita ar­<lb/>cus, quò magis tenditur ob ambas cau&longs;as, <lb/>eò longiùs emittit &longs;agittam. </s> <s>Nam &longs;i tenda­<lb/>tur ad B v&longs;que, mouebitur cum chorda <lb/>&longs;olùm &longs;agitta ex B in D: & &longs;i tendatur <pb pagenum="393"/>v&longs;que ad C, mouebitur ex C in D: igitur <lb/>&longs;i tendatur v&longs;que ad C, procul magis emit­<lb/><figure id="fig13"></figure><lb/>tetur iuxta proportionem CD ad BD. </s> <s>Item <lb/>chorda tracta v&longs;que ad C, maiore impetu <lb/>redibit ad D, quàm ex B in D. </s> <s>Igitur cele­<lb/>riùs mouebitur &longs;agitta à chorda, quare etiam <lb/>po&longs;tquàm emi&longs;&longs;a fuerit. </s> <s>Nec oportet adii­<lb/>cere, vt valida &longs;it virtus, quæ mouet, nam <lb/>nobis &longs;ufficit vt celeriter moueat: quòd &longs;i <lb/>celeriter mouere pote&longs;t, valida e&longs;t cau&longs;a, <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg169"></arrow.to.target><lb/>quæ mouet. </s> <s>Nam & &longs;i valida e&longs;&longs;et cau&longs;a, <lb/>moueret tamen lentè, quod po&longs;&longs;et procul <lb/>emirtere. </s> <s>Nihil enim lentè, & procul ali­<lb/>quid mouere pote&longs;t: nam quod lentè moue­<lb/>tur, multum temporis con&longs;umit in motu: in <lb/>quo etiam maximam vim, quum contra na­<lb/>turam nitatur, debilitari nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t. </s> <s>Tertia <lb/>cau&longs;a e&longs;t raritas medij per quod mouetur: <lb/>nam in aëre velociter, in aqua lentè, in ter­<lb/>ra vix e&longs;t impellere quicquam. </s> <s>Atque ob id, <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg170"></arrow.to.target><lb/>qui naues ho&longs;tium machinis petunt, ma­<lb/>ximè cauent, ne ictus fiat in parte nauis, <lb/>quæ &longs;ub aqua iacet, quamvis pernicio&longs;ior <lb/>e&longs;&longs;et: &longs;ed quia &longs;phæræ ictus occur&longs;u aquæ <lb/>debilitatur, malunt nauim &longs;upra aquam fe­<lb/>rire, &longs;ed tamen humiliore quàm po&longs;&longs;unt par­<lb/>te. </s> <s>Quarta cau&longs;a celeris & diuturni ictus <lb/>e&longs;t acuitas teli, quæ minorem quantitatem <lb/>aëris obuiam habens, minùs impeditur. </s> <s>Vn­<lb/>de videtur, quòd prima opinio verior &longs;it, <lb/>quàm illa, quæ e&longs;t Ari&longs;totelis de cau&longs;a mo­<lb/>tus violenti. </s> <s>Nam non tam manife&longs;tè appa­<lb/>ret, cur violenter mota, vt acutiora &longs;unt, eò <lb/>celeriùs & longiore &longs;patio ferantur. </s> <s>Si qua <lb/>etiam proxima &longs;int chordæ, non tamen tan­<lb/>gant eam, quamvis aër moueatur, nihilo &longs;e­<lb/>cius quàm ille, qui &longs;agittam antecedit: non <lb/>tamen mouetur res illa proxima, nedum vt <lb/>per longum &longs;patium feratur. </s> <s>Prætereà aër <lb/>cùm mollis &longs;it, nec adeò vehementer mo­<lb/>ueri pote&longs;t, nec in vnum cogi, quare nec <lb/>&longs;phærulam ferream mouere. </s> <s>Neque in aqua <lb/>minùs mouebitur id, quod vi impellitur, <lb/>quam in aëre, cùm tamen non &longs;olum len­<lb/>tius, &longs;ed longè lentiùs in aqua, quàm aëre <lb/>moueatur. </s> <s>Et in aëre etiam ip&longs;o grauia non <lb/>lentius ferri debent leuibus, &longs;i vacui ratione <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg171"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;ub&longs;equantur. </s> <s>Sed rationes hæ non o&longs;ten­<lb/>dunt, quoniam acuta celerius ob id ferun­<lb/>tur, quòd maiore impetu primus aër moue­<lb/>tur, à quo partes reliquæ iuxta eandem cau­<lb/>&longs;am impelluntur. </s> <s>Fit ob id telum, quod pro­<lb/>iectum &longs;emper infigitur. </s> <s>Cu&longs;pis A, alæ qua­<lb/>tuor magnæ ac tenues ad rectos angulos po­<lb/>&longs;itæ ha&longs;ta BA. </s> <s>Cùm igitur telum fertur, <lb/>non pote&longs;t inclinari, quia alarum aliqua, vel <lb/>plures aëri occurret ex aduer&longs;o: rectà igitur <lb/>cùm feratur BA telum nece&longs;&longs;ariò infigetur. <lb/>Quòd &longs;i vis deficiat, adhuc rectè cadet, & fi­<lb/>getur. </s> <s>Atque eadem fuit in &longs;agittis cau&longs;a <lb/>inuentionis alarum. </s> <s>Reliquæ igitur rationes <lb/>præter vltimam contra Platonis opinionem <lb/>de antiperi&longs;ta&longs;i demon&longs;tant, non <lb/>autem de aëre antecedente. </s> <s>Vltima <lb/>autem euidens habet contra &longs;e ex­<lb/>perimentum: nam & in motu à <lb/>raritate difficilior e&longs;t a&longs;cen&longs;us gra­<lb/>uis, quàm leuis, & ideò etiam <lb/>tardior. </s> <s>Verùm quòd fidem facit <lb/>pro Ari&longs;totelis opinione, illud e&longs;t <lb/>quòd motum naturalem in fine <lb/><figure id="fig14"></figure><lb/>violentum, in principio, vehementem, in <lb/>medio fieri validiorem. </s> <s>Auerroës Simpli­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg172"></arrow.to.target><lb/>cium &longs;ecutus, & quum deprauatam habe­<lb/>ret literam textus, proiectorum, anima­<lb/>lium legit. </s> <s>Simplicius quum textum habe­<lb/>ret bonum, Ari&longs;totelem non intelligens, per <lb/>proiecta, animalia expo&longs;uit, quòd in latus, <lb/>vt proiecta mouerentur, ab&longs;urdi&longs;&longs;ima com­<lb/>paratione, & interpretatione. </s> <s>Mouit hoc il­<lb/>lum, quòd dixi&longs;&longs;et iam, violenta ab initio <lb/>vehementiùs moueri, naturalia in fine: ex <lb/>horum altero genere proiecta e&longs;&longs;e oportuit. <lb/>Sed non intellexit Philo&longs;ophum. </s> <s>Cùm enim <lb/>proiecta aëris antecedentis motu moueren­<lb/>tur, aër autem per &longs;e &longs;it mobilis, motus pro­<lb/>iectorum ex naturali quodammodo, & vio­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg173"></arrow.to.target><lb/>lento con&longs;tat, naturalis in fine augetur, vio­<lb/>lentus in principio: quamobrem mi&longs;tus ex <lb/>his, qui e&longs;t proiectorum, in medio e&longs;t va­<lb/>lidi&longs;&longs;imus. </s> <s>Con&longs;tans hæc ratio e&longs;t, & pul­<lb/>cherrimè dubitationis &longs;olutionem docet. </s> <s>Vi­<lb/>demus enim machinas, &longs;corpiones, tela <lb/>etiam manu emi&longs;&longs;a, in quadam di&longs;tantia <lb/>vehementiores ictus, quàm nimis propè, & <lb/>( vt ita dicam ) &longs;ub ip&longs;is telis, aut &longs;corpio­<lb/>nibus, aut machinis, inferre. </s> <s>Cau&longs;a e&longs;t, quam <lb/>nemo alius afferre pote&longs;t, quàm qui ab hoc <lb/>principio, quòd Ari&longs;toteles propo&longs;uit, mo­<lb/>tum factum putat: nam aër ille &longs;ub ini­<lb/>tio motus motum non iuuat, ni&longs;i parùm, <lb/>&longs;uccedente tempore aëris motus naturalis <lb/>vt mouetur validior fit, vt autem mouet, pa­<lb/>rùm dehi&longs;cit: quare eodem motus celeri­<lb/>tatem augeri nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t, quoad plus mouere <lb/>minùs incipit, quàm moueri natura &longs;it <lb/>aptum. </s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg168"></margin.target>Quatuor <lb/>cau&longs;æ celeri­<lb/>tatis, & diu­<lb/>turnitatis <lb/>motus vi<gap/>­<lb/>lenti.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg169"></margin.target>Nihil lentè <lb/>& procul <lb/>emitti po­<lb/>te&longs;t.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg170"></margin.target>Gubernato­<lb/>res nauium <lb/>cauent ne <lb/>bellica tor­<lb/>menta &longs;ub <lb/>aquam mer­<lb/>gant &longs;phæ­<lb/><gap/>ulas, quas <lb/><gap/>n ho&longs;tium <lb/>cla&longs;&longs;em im­<lb/>mittunt.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg171"></margin.target>Teli confi­<lb/><gap/>iendi ratio, <lb/>quod &longs;emper <lb/>infigitur.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg172"></margin.target>Ratio de­<lb/>mon&longs;tratiua <lb/>pro Ari&longs;tote­<lb/>le. </s> <s>2. cœli.t. <lb/>c. </s> <s>35. & in <lb/>diui&longs;ione <lb/>Simplicij. </s> <s>t. <lb/>cap. </s> <s>20.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg173"></margin.target>Cur ictus <lb/>&longs;corpionum, <lb/>& machina­<lb/>rum, & te­<lb/>lorum in <lb/>certa di&longs;tan­<lb/>tia, quam ni­<lb/>mis propè, &longs;it <lb/>validior.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Ergo cognita motus violenti ratione, <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg174"></arrow.to.target><lb/>quomodo ferantur, quæ non &longs;ponte &longs;ua fe­<lb/>runtur, o&longs;tendamus, hoc initio &longs;umpto, quòd <lb/>quæ mouentur grauia ictu aliquo, nec &longs;e­<lb/>cundum naturam, tria habent, ex quibus <lb/><figure id="fig15"></figure><lb/>conficitur motus: propriam grauitatem, <lb/>qua deor&longs;um feruntur, medij naturalem <lb/>vim, vt mouetur, & vim acqui&longs;itam, qua <lb/>partem aliam aëris mouet, iam igitur fit <lb/>AB æquidi&longs;tans finitori linea, quam &longs;ecet <lb/>ex angulo recto CD, vt CA, &longs;it æqualis <lb/>BC, & diuidatur AC per æqualia in E: quod <lb/>verò moueri debet in F, & manife&longs;tum e&longs;t <pb pagenum="394"/>per &longs;e, quòd validi&longs;&longs;imo ictu excutietur <lb/>ver&longs;us D, quia &longs;imul impetu iacientis, & <lb/>natura feretur in D. </s> <s>Par autem erat, quòd <lb/>debili&longs;&longs;imus ictus e&longs;&longs;et illi contrarius, id <lb/>e&longs;t, ver&longs;us C, validi&longs;&longs;imus autem &longs;uperio­<lb/>rum ver&longs;us D, quorum neutrum experi­<lb/>mento con&longs;tat: &longs;ed validi&longs;&longs;imus e&longs;t &longs;upe­<lb/>riorum FE, mediocris FC, & debili&longs;&longs;i­<lb/>mus FA. </s> <s>Cur ita? </s> <s>Sanè quoniam aër rectà <lb/>magis, quàm ad latera fertur, igitur debi­<lb/>li&longs;&longs;imus e&longs;t ictus ex F in A. </s> <s>Debuerat iuxta <lb/>hanc rationem validi&longs;&longs;imus e&longs;&longs;e ex F in C, <lb/>&longs;ed quia tota grauitas ob&longs;tat ponderis, ideò <lb/>vbi aër maximè mouetur, & pondus mi­<lb/>nus grauitatis habet, hoc autem e&longs;t in linea <lb/>FE, ibi validi&longs;&longs;imè torquetur pila. </s> <s>Reli­<lb/>quum e&longs;t igitur vt mediocriter ex F in C <lb/>feratur, id e&longs;t, rectà in &longs;ublime. </s> <s>Ne tamen <lb/>erres in &longs;agittis, quæ ob longitudinem & <lb/>alas velociùs quandoque feruntur ex F in <lb/>A, quàm in C, nunquam autem magis, <lb/>quàm in E: ob id qui muros quatiunt, ma­<lb/>chinas ad &longs;emiorthon, id e&longs;t, ad libellam <lb/>FE collocant: nam tertia fermè parte ictus <lb/>augetur. </s> <s>Cùm verò pila ad &longs;upremum re­<lb/>ctà peruenerit, non per circulum, nec <lb/>rectà &longs;ur&longs;um illicò de&longs;cendit, &longs;ed media <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg175"></arrow.to.target><lb/>qua&longs;i linea, quæ parabolæ fermè imita­<lb/>tur circum ambientem lineam, vt BC e&longs;t, <lb/>demùm ex C in D motu grauis rectà ad vn­<lb/>guem. <lb/><figure id="fig16"></figure><lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg176"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg174"></margin.target>Ratio motus <lb/>grauium <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <lb/>violenter <lb/>mouentur.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg175"></margin.target>Modus quo <lb/>grauia po&longs;t <lb/>ictum de&longs;­<lb/>cendunt.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg176"></margin.target>Cur vix vl­<lb/>lus &longs;eriatur <lb/>à plumbeis <lb/>pilulis, quæ <lb/>maximo nu­<lb/>mero in al­<lb/>tum mit­<lb/>tuntur.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Quæ igitur proiiciuntur, tribus ex moti­<lb/>bus con&longs;tant, primo violento, vltimo ex­<lb/>qui&longs;itè naturali, & medio ex vtroque mi­<lb/>&longs;to: propter tam multiplicem motus ratio­<lb/>nem metiri ad vnguem talia planè e&longs;t im­<lb/>po&longs;&longs;ibile, coniectura tamen a&longs;&longs;equi licet. <lb/>Debili&longs;&longs;imi planè motus ex B in C: vnde <lb/>plumbeæ pilæ calore di&longs;&longs;ipatæ, ob hoc etiam <lb/>minùs lædunt, vt vix vnum aut alterum, <lb/>ob ictus in &longs;ublime de&longs;tinatos, quum tamen <lb/>frequenter aut auium cau&longs;a, aut exoneran­<lb/>dæ machinæ, emitti &longs;oleant pilæ &longs;emiuncia </s></p><p type="main"> <s><arrow.to.target n="marg177"></arrow.to.target><lb/>grauiores, vulneratos aut grauiter percu&longs;&longs;os <lb/>videas inter tot millia. </s> <s>Sed quum per æqui­<lb/>di&longs;tantem finitori lineam tam difficulter <lb/>grauia moueantur, cur e&longs;t quòd &longs;u&longs;pen&longs;a <lb/>facilè adeò impelluntur, vt annulus filo &longs;u&longs;­<lb/>pen&longs;us &longs;pontè videatur moueri, atque ob id <lb/>etiam præcantationis præ&longs;e fert imaginem? <lb/>Cau&longs;a e&longs;t, quòd tota vis integra impellen­<lb/>ti relinquitur: qui verò proiicit, duo facit, <lb/>&longs;u&longs;tinet & impellit: at appen&longs;o pondere, <lb/>quum ab alio iam &longs;u&longs;tineatur: quicquid <lb/>virium e&longs;t ad impul&longs;um integrum manet. <lb/>At vero quum impellitur, tanta fermè vi <lb/>redit ad medium, quanta ab illo, depul­<lb/>&longs;um e&longs;t: igitur quum ea vi iam depul&longs;um <lb/>fit à medio, gratia exempli per cubiti &longs;pa­<lb/>tium, tantundem di&longs;cedere in contrariam <lb/>partem nece&longs;&longs;arium erit, atque ita conti­<lb/>nuo ac alternato reditu tardi&longs;&longs;imè con­<lb/>quie&longs;cere. </s> <s>Cùm igitur in annulo motus hic <lb/>vel occculta &longs;pirituum motione paululùm <lb/>iuuatur, adeò &longs;pontè augetur, vt verbis <lb/>vim fui&longs;&longs;e credas. </s> <s>Quamobrem cùm pau­<lb/>lò concitatior e&longs;t annuli motus, ip&longs;o iam <lb/>( vt dixi ) &longs;eip&longs;um mouente, videtur annu­<lb/>lo dæmon ine&longs;&longs;e, qui annulum moueat. </s> <s>E&longs;t <lb/>autem motus hic etiam in filo longiore fa­<lb/>cilior, euidenti demon&longs;tratione. </s> <s>Sit enim <lb/>annulus in F, & moueatur per BC, &longs;u&longs;­<lb/>pen&longs;us in A, & rur&longs;us &longs;u&longs;pen&longs;us in A po­<lb/>natur in G, & moueatur per DHE, quæ &longs;it <lb/>æqualis BFC, & L centrum terræ: con­<lb/>&longs;tat igitur, quod dum e&longs;t in F, mouebitur <lb/>contra naturalem motum per FG: & dum <lb/>e&longs;t in H, per HK, &longs;ed HK e&longs;t breuior FG, <lb/>vt in primo de Circulis demon&longs;trauimus. <lb/>Igitur cùm potentia mouens eadem &longs;it, & <lb/>quod mouetur idem, & maius tran&longs;eat <lb/>&longs;patium in F quàm in H, à centro, &longs;eu ma­<lb/>gis a&longs;cendat, tran&longs;ibit illud in longiori tem­<lb/>pore: igitur &longs;i in æquali tempore debent <lb/>moueri, minore impetu indiget H, quàm F, <lb/>& ideò quantò altiùs &longs;u&longs;penditur, eò faci­<lb/><figure id="fig17"></figure><lb/>liùs mouetur mobile, & minori labore. <lb/>Cùm igitur filum longum fuerit, initium <lb/>motus ducet, vel ab incauto manuum mo­<lb/>tu, vel ab aëre, vel à &longs;piritibus ip&longs;is, quo­<lb/>rum vis etiam per filum de&longs;cendit. </s> <s>Ita adeò <lb/>facili motu illius, & tot cau&longs;is mouenti­<lb/>bus, nil mirùm immotis digitis, & fili ini­<lb/>tio annulum moueri, quo moto vix ce&longs;&longs;a­<lb/>tionis, cùm graue ( vt dixi ) appen&longs;um tam <lb/>pertinaciter &longs;eip&longs;um moueat, initium pote­<lb/>rit inuenire: atque hoc modo præcantatio­<lb/>ne moueri videtur. </s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg177"></margin.target>De motu <lb/>annuli.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Sed po&longs;tquam hæc clara &longs;unt: dubitabit <lb/>aliquis, cur tenuia corpora non &longs;olum mo­<lb/>tum velocem admittunt, quòd rationi con­<lb/>&longs;onum e&longs;t, &longs;ed etiam faciunt, quod di&longs;&longs;onum <lb/>e&longs;t? </s> <s>Nam impul&longs;us aquæ minùs violentus <lb/>e&longs;t, cum alicui rei intruditur, quàm aëris, & <lb/>aëris, quàm ignis, Indicio fuit in&longs;trumen­<lb/>tum, quod ( vt audio ) nam non vidi, Ger­<lb/>manus attulit, vlnas longum 20. ex cupre&longs;­<lb/>&longs;o, cuius foramen adeò angu&longs;tum erat, vt <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg178"></arrow.to.target><lb/>cicerem etiam&longs;i rotundus fui&longs;&longs;et, non e&longs;&longs;et <lb/>admi&longs;&longs;urum. </s> <s>Cra&longs;&longs;itudo vlna minor. </s> <s>Impel-<pb pagenum="395"/>lebat plumbeam pilam admodum exiguam, <lb/>quæ tamen foramini conueniret, tanto <lb/>impetu, vt tabulam tran&longs;uerberaret. </s> <s>Secu­<lb/>ra res, &longs;ine &longs;trepitu, & pulueris di&longs;pendio <lb/>tria habens hæc commoda: &longs;ed totidem in­<lb/>commoda, grauitatem, magnitudinem, & <lb/>pro magnitudine imbecillitatem. </s> <s>Quòd &longs;i <lb/>igne ictus moliamur, breuiore longè ac mi­<lb/>nore in&longs;trumento indigebimus: igitur plus <lb/>ignis quàm aër, & plus aër quàm aqua im­<lb/>pellunt. </s> <s>Cau&longs;a duplex e&longs;t, quòd in impul­<lb/>&longs;u non &longs;olum mouere, &longs;ed etiam moueri <lb/>nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t: at rariora facillimè moueri, & <lb/>ob hoc maximo cum impetu, demon&longs;traui­<lb/>mus, itaque ictum edent magnum. </s> <s>Alte­<lb/>ra, quòd quæ rara &longs;unt, maximè cogi po&longs;­<lb/>&longs;unt, quòd multum di&longs;tent ab extrema den­<lb/>&longs;itate: aqua autem cum den&longs;itatem terræ <lb/>&longs;ubierit, vlteriùs tranferri minimè pote&longs;t. <lb/>Machina igitur omnis aut magna nece&longs;&longs;a­<lb/>riò e&longs;t, vel debilem ictum edit, aut magno <lb/>cum &longs;trepitu: nam quæ cum igne, &longs;trepi­<lb/>tum dictam ob rationem faciunt: quæ au­<lb/>tem cum aëre, aut magnæ &longs;unt, vt catapultæ, <lb/>bali&longs;tæ aut paruos edunt ictus. </s> <s>Sed &longs;olent &longs;a­<lb/>gittas &longs;corpionibus, non pilas imponere, <lb/>non &longs;olum quòd leuiores &longs;int, &longs;ed etiam <lb/>quòd acie ictus magnitudinem &longs;uppleant. <lb/>Certum e&longs;t Brixelen&longs;em fabrum, &longs;corpio­<lb/>nem palmi magnitudine totum ex chalybe <lb/>&longs;ic tempera&longs;&longs;e, vt mœchum vxoris &longs;uæ oc­<lb/>cultato &longs;ub mantello in&longs;trumento occiderit. <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg179"></arrow.to.target><lb/>Sic tutò & &longs;ine &longs;trepitu ac &longs;u&longs;picione (nam <lb/>plerunque puluis odore prodit in&longs;idias<emph type="italics"/>)<emph.end type="italics"/> ma­<lb/>ximam iniuriam vlci&longs;ci meditatus e&longs;t. </s> <s>Idem <lb/>horologium in annulli gemma con&longs;tituit, <lb/>quod mala circumagebatur, & horas indi­<lb/>cabat, non &longs;olùm &longs;agitta, &longs;ed ictu. </s> <s>Hic idem <lb/>nauim miro con&longs;truxit artificio, in qua mu­<lb/>lier te&longs;tudinem pul&longs;abat, & motu remo­<lb/>rum viri rotis &longs;uppo&longs;itis, qua&longs;i ad con­<lb/>centum agitantes remos, nauim impelle­<lb/>bant. <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg180"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg178"></margin.target>Machina <lb/>quæ &longs;ine igne <lb/>ferit.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg179"></margin.target>Scorpio mi­<lb/>rus.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg180"></margin.target>In&longs;trumen­<lb/>tum mirabi­<lb/>le ad <expan abbr="cribrã">cribram</expan> <lb/>dum <expan abbr="farinã">farinam</expan>.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Et&longs;i hæc qua&longs;i parerga dicta videri po&longs;­<lb/>&longs;int, vt tamen artificio&longs;am hominum inuen­<lb/>tionem edoceam, quæ ab aëris natura ortum <lb/>&longs;ump&longs;it, pulcherrimum in&longs;trumentum quo <lb/>farina cribratur, à triennio citra inuentum, <lb/>edocere &longs;tatui, vt &longs;imul intelligant homi­<lb/>nes, quàm leuibus rebus, modò &longs;int ingenio­<lb/>&longs;æ, opes liceat comparare. </s> <s>Nam nunc cùm <lb/>pi&longs;tores omnes ob vtilitatem habeant, ille <lb/>verò priuilegium con&longs;ecutus &longs;it à Cæ&longs;are, <lb/>ne quis habere po&longs;&longs;it præter eius con&longs;en­<lb/>&longs;um, vitam ex hac agit indu&longs;tria, & adeò <lb/>breui tempore &longs;ibi domum ædificauit. </s> <s>Ne­<lb/>que enim pi&longs;tores &longs;oli, &longs;ed collegia &longs;acerdo­<lb/>tum, & virginum Deo &longs;acrarum, & nobiles <lb/>quicunque familiam magnam alunt, ob <lb/>egregiam vtilitatem ( ne dicam nece&longs;&longs;ita­<lb/>tem ) habent: plures etiam alij, quos non <lb/>tam vtilitas, quam ip&longs;a rei admiratio inci­<lb/>tauit, facere curauere. </s> <s>Ip&longs;ius autem &longs;tructura <lb/>&longs;equitur. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Rota e&longs;t B parua, in cuius extremo ambi­<lb/>tu A manubrium quo circumagi po&longs;&longs;it: <lb/>hæc duo extra machinam protenduntur. <lb/>In rotæ mediæ bacillum C, quod motu ro­<lb/>tæ circumuertitur, cui in C duo denticuli li­<lb/>gnei ex aduer&longs;o po&longs;iti, aliique proximi duo, <lb/>& ip&longs;i ex aduer&longs;o po&longs;iti, verum qua&longs;i inter­<lb/>medio loco priorum, vt cum &longs;emel rota cir­<lb/><figure id="fig18"></figure><lb/>cumagitur, quater tangat lignum latum, imò <lb/>tabellam DE vtrinque &longs;u&longs;pen&longs;am cap&longs;ulæ: <lb/>vt rota vertente, tabella tremulo motu dum <lb/>denticulis tangitur perpetuo agitetur. </s> <s>Por­<lb/>rò lignum C, & tabulæ pars parua cap&longs;ula <lb/>circum teguntur: ligno &longs;eu tabellæ DE &longs;u­<lb/>per&longs;tat cribrum pollinarium FG obliquè <lb/>pendens, & ex G appen&longs;um in H ne exci­<lb/>dat: hoc tenuibus tabulis imò tenui&longs;&longs;imis, <lb/>ac leui&longs;&longs;imis vndequaque con&longs;tat, præter­<lb/>quam in medio vbi cribro farina excutitur: <lb/>nam vt &longs;olet pars ea tela linea con&longs;tat. </s> <s>Cap­<lb/>&longs;a hæc omnia vndequaque conclu&longs;a conti­<lb/>nentur: in cuius &longs;upremo cap&longs;ula K iacet, <lb/>atque in ea quadrata qua&longs;i lignea patina <lb/>leui&longs;&longs;ima, in qua farina iacet: hæc &longs;ic &longs;u&longs;­<lb/>pen&longs;a e&longs;t, vt facilè concuti po&longs;&longs;it: concuti­<lb/>tur autem funiculo ei annexo altera rotæ <lb/>parte, dextra &longs;cilicet iuxta B. </s> <s>Memineris <lb/>etiam cribrum FG vtroque ex capite pa­<lb/>tere &longs;upremo, vt farinam excipiat à patina: <lb/>infimo, vt furfur eiiciat ex G. </s> <s>Tota autem <lb/>cap&longs;a trifarlam diuiditur in LMN, erectis <lb/>&longs;eptis ex tenuibus tabulis firmis ac omninò <lb/>immobilibus. </s> <s>Pote&longs;t & &longs;i libet quadrifariam <lb/>diuidi. </s> <s>Hoc igitur con&longs;tituto, cum circum­<lb/>agitur B rota, funiculus concutit patellam, <lb/>& denticuli tabellam: patella excutit fari­<lb/>nam in cribrum F G, tabella cribrum con­<lb/>cutit: ac fit vt tenui&longs;&longs;imus flos farinæ pri­<lb/>mò excutiatur, cadatque in NM, parte cap­<lb/>&longs;ulæ: de&longs;cendens verò cum vehementius <lb/>agitetur, pars inferior excutitur alia minus <lb/>&longs;yncera in LM, inde vltimò de&longs;cendit per <lb/>os cribri infernum & &longs;ur&longs;um totius in LO: <lb/>atque ita tria &longs;eor&longs;um colliguntur, flos fa­<lb/>rinæ in MN, farina cra&longs;&longs;a in ML, furfur in <lb/>LO: Quæ verò circumuolat farina tota, ne­<lb/>ce&longs;&longs;ariò iterum redit ad locum &longs;uum, vt ni­<lb/>hil penitus pereat, quoniam cap&longs;ula nullibi <lb/>tran&longs;pirat. </s> <s>Oportet autem ( quod ip&longs;a ra­<lb/>tione facilè percipis ) FG cribrum non ni­<lb/>mis e&longs;&longs;e accliue: nam farina v&longs;que ad G per­<lb/>ueniret, & cum furfure eiiceretur. </s> <s>Quamo­<lb/>brem &longs;i &longs;eptum Lu&longs;que ad os cribri tran&longs;tu­<lb/>leris, vel aliud &longs;eptum, vt in P, adieceris, &longs;i­<lb/>mul etiam paululum, vt vides, os ip&longs;um G <lb/>&longs;uperius recuraueris, ne vel oboli iacturam <lb/>feceris farinæ. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Nunc quanta ex hoc &longs;equantur <expan abbr="in&longs;trum&etilde;-to">in&longs;trumen­<lb/>to</expan> <expan abbr="cõmoda">commoda</expan>, intellige. </s> <s>Primum, vnius hominis <lb/>labore, qui rotam ver&longs;at & farinam impo­<lb/>nit patellæ, & cum loci pleni fuerint, cribra­<lb/>tam colligit ac furfur, trium operariorum <lb/>vices &longs;upplet. </s> <s>Secundum e&longs;t, quod ad hoc <lb/>opus cum neque adeò &longs;it laborio&longs;um, nec <lb/>noxium, quilibet &longs;ufficere pote&longs;t vtile&longs;que <lb/>geruli habentur, qui longè minore pretio <lb/>operariis conducuntur. </s> <s>Tertium, quòd tota <lb/>farina colligitur, nec quicquam perit, cum <pb pagenum="396"/>dum cribratur nece&longs;&longs;e &longs;it ob manuum mo­<lb/>tum ac brachiorum patere foramina, quan­<lb/>tum diduci brachia valent, eaque cau&longs;a fa­<lb/>rinæ non paruam partem partem perire. </s> <s>Ac­<lb/>cedit, quòd lineum cribrum cum &longs;olum tre­<lb/>mat, non adeò atteritur, imò longè minus <lb/>qui dum farina ab hominibus cribratur: <lb/>nam illos concutere, vt &longs;olent, cribrum ve­<lb/>hementer e&longs;t nece&longs;&longs;arium. </s> <s>Facit & ad com­<lb/>pendium, quòd farina exqui&longs;itius excutitur, <lb/>vt furfur omninò purum &longs;it. </s> <s>Hæcque omnia <lb/>citra domus fœditatem, & hominum iactu­<lb/>ram atque incommoda. </s> <s>Natura etiam in­<lb/>&longs;trumenti duplicem, aut triplicem farinam <lb/>di&longs;tinguente, guod ab operariis ni&longs;i conie­<lb/>ctura incerta primò, deinde etiam in&longs;tabili, <lb/>fieri non pote&longs;t </s></p><p type="main"> <s><arrow.to.target n="marg181"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg181"></margin.target>Aër cur non <lb/>&longs;entiatur.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Sed ad aëris tractationem reuertamur, <lb/>motuum omnium violentorum iam ah&longs;olu­<lb/>ta narratione. </s> <s>Itaque aërem v&longs;que ad cœ­<lb/>lum extendi iam docuimus, purioremque <lb/>illius partem æthera vocari: &longs;ed neque æ­<lb/>ther, nec aër ob &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ puritatem &longs;enti­<lb/>ri pote&longs;t. </s> <s>Cau&longs;a factum e&longs;t hoc animantium, <lb/>nam &longs;i colores haberet, quæ viderentur, ta­<lb/>lia apparerent. </s> <s>Vt enim per viridia con&longs;pi­<lb/>cilia in&longs;picienti omnia videntur viridia: ita <lb/>&longs;i aër coloris particeps e&longs;&longs;et omnia eiu&longs;dem <lb/>coloris e&longs;&longs;e viderentur. </s> <s>Similiter &longs;i odorem <lb/>haberet, omnia eodem odore infecta vide­<lb/>rentur. </s> <s>Similiter &longs;i acrem &longs;aporem, aut dul­<lb/>cem præ &longs;e ferret, dulcia omnia aut acria <lb/>viderentur. </s> <s>Eodem modo calidus &longs;i quan­<lb/>doque euadat, vt in æ&longs;tate, omnia vt cali­<lb/>da videantur, efficit. </s> <s>Ea ratione nox &longs;onos & <lb/>&longs;trepitus leui&longs;&longs;imos etiam detegit: quoniam <lb/>die aër non e&longs;t omninò expers &longs;oni. </s> <s>Ergo <lb/>omnia vt po&longs;&longs;et &longs;u&longs;cipere, &longs;apores, odores, <lb/>&longs;onos, colores, & calidum ac frigidum, ea­<lb/>que vt decet &longs;en&longs;ibus repræ&longs;entare, omnium <lb/>natura expers factus e&longs;t. </s> <s>Qualitatibus au­<lb/>tem cùm &longs;ubiacet primis, alteram oppo&longs;i­<lb/>tam refugit: atque hoc indicium e&longs;t eorum <lb/>quæ iam diximus, qualitates ip&longs;as per &longs;eip­<lb/>&longs;as agere. </s> <s>Hyeme enim aër qui efflatur cùm <lb/>calidus &longs;it, in rotundam cogitur figuram, <lb/>ab ip&longs;o calore &longs;iquidem, non ab aëris natu­<lb/>ra: etiam aër frigidus non cogitur, nec ca­<lb/>lidus in calidum locum in&longs;piratus. </s> <s>Sed cur in </s></p><p type="main"> <s><arrow.to.target n="marg182"></arrow.to.target><lb/>rotundam figuram? </s> <s>quòd ea cùm &longs;it capa­<lb/>ci&longs;&longs;ima, etiam &longs;it robu&longs;ti&longs;&longs;ima, & etiam quo­<lb/>niam &longs;olo puncto læ&longs;uræ cau&longs;æ &longs;e exponat: <lb/>ob id pugnaturi, ictumque excepturi, ac <lb/>pondus &longs;ubituri, in rotundam figuram &longs;e <lb/>totos colligunt, Vibrata enim procul maio­<lb/>re impetu colliduntur: at quæ extra rotun­<lb/>ditatem &longs;unt, procul magis vibrantur: plus <lb/>enim à centro di&longs;tant, quod hypomochlij <lb/>vice habetur. </s> <s>Hic interclu&longs;us corrumpit ani­<lb/>mata anima carentia con&longs;eruat: liber autem, <lb/>quæ anima carent, corrumpit: quæ anima­<lb/>ta &longs;unt, con&longs;eruat. </s> <s>Exedit enim anima <lb/>carentia motu, ideoque perflato loco illa <lb/>corrumpit, animalium calorem repurgat <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg183"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ac refrigerat. </s> <s>Sed reclu&longs;us dum non moue­<lb/>tur, quæ à putredine ab&longs;unt illæ&longs;a con&longs;er­<lb/>uat, quia motu carens non exedit. </s> <s>Sed ani­<lb/>malia, & quæ putre&longs;cere po&longs;&longs;unt, immotus <lb/>manens, atque ideo putre&longs;ce&longs;cens, corrum­<lb/>pit, occidit, putrefacit. </s> <s>Adeò verò corrum­<lb/>pitur aër conclu&longs;us ac immotus, vt cum M. <lb/>Antonini Imperatoris milites Auidij Ca&longs;­<lb/>&longs;ij in Seleucia Babyloniæ arculam in Apol­<lb/>linis templo inuentam aperui&longs;&longs;ent, aurum <lb/>&longs;perantes inuenire, aër exiens adeò com­<lb/>putruerat, vt totam regionem pe&longs;te affece­<lb/>rit. </s> <s>Inde ventis delatus in Græciam, at­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg184"></arrow.to.target><lb/>que inde etiam Romam, pe&longs;tilentiam eam <lb/>excitauit, quæ humani totius generis par­<lb/>tem fermè tertiam ab&longs;ump&longs;it. </s> <s>Inficitur & <lb/>metallicis exhalationibus, vnde in fodina­<lb/>rum puteis perpetuò flabellis agitatur: ali­<lb/>ter & lumina extingueret, & eos qui in­<lb/>tus &longs;unt &longs;uffocaret. </s> <s>Motu igitur aër pur­<lb/>gatur, & ad propriam ac puram redit na­<lb/>turam. </s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg182"></margin.target>Cur aër hye­<lb/>me in rotun­<lb/>dam <expan abbr="figurã">figuram</expan> <lb/>cogitur.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg183"></margin.target>Aëris con­<lb/>trariæ vires.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg184"></margin.target>Pe&longs;tis ex ar­<lb/>cula aperta.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Simili ratione frumenta &longs;ub terra reclu­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg185"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;a, aërem vitiant, indeque vici&longs;&longs;im ab illo <lb/>vitiantur. </s> <s>Et licet &longs;erius in Germania, ob <lb/>aëris frigiditatem, attamen & ibi po&longs;t <lb/>aliquot annos corrumpuntur. </s> <s>Seruantur & <lb/>diutiùs eadem cau&longs;a &longs;ub terra quam &longs;upra. <lb/>In Gallia verò etiam in multos annos &longs;eptis <lb/>in medio ari&longs;tis, & circumpo&longs;itis den&longs;ata <lb/>congerie &longs;tipulis, ita vt latioris columnis <lb/>&longs;peciem referant, inde &longs;uperinducto tugu­<lb/>riolo den&longs;ite tuta manent ab animalibus aë­<lb/>reque ip&longs;o, tugurio ab aqua, geminareque <lb/>prohibentur ip&longs;is &longs;tipulis annexis: omnia <lb/>enim &longs;emina ea parte pullulant, quæ exorta <lb/>&longs;unt, indicio &longs;unt fabæ. </s> <s>Sed & quædam <lb/>petflatis locis videntur tutiora, non quia <lb/>aër con&longs;eruet, &longs;ed quia frigidior quum <lb/>&longs;it, adeò non corrumpit. </s> <s>Pleraque enim <lb/>perflata, maximè edito loco, &longs;unt con­<lb/>clu&longs;is frigidiora. </s> <s>Fiunt & aëris corruptio­<lb/>nes ob terræmotus. </s> <s>Re&longs;eratus enim aër, <lb/>qui multis latuerat &longs;eculis, dum emergit, <lb/>pe&longs;tem magnam afferre &longs;olet: ob id ma­<lb/>gnos terræmotus, pe&longs;tilentiæ graues &longs;ub&longs;e­<lb/>qui &longs;olent. </s> <s>Fiunt & ob putredines, velut <lb/>po&longs;t magnas clades, po&longs;t inundationes, & <lb/>locu&longs;tarum interitum. </s> <s>Hæ quidem pe&longs;tilen­<lb/>tiæ ab aëre. </s> <s>Quæ autem fiunt po&longs;t famem, <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg186"></arrow.to.target><lb/>alterius &longs;unt generis. </s> <s>Mira tamen pe&longs;tis va­<lb/>rietas: nam referunt autores fide non in­<lb/>digni, Con&longs;tantinopoli ( olim Byzantium <lb/>dicebatur ) pe&longs;tem obortam, qui huius erat <lb/>generis, vt qui laborarent, aut quibus mor­<lb/>bus imminebat, viderentur ab alio homine <lb/>cædi: perturbatique hoc errore morieban­<lb/>tur. </s> <s>Interim nec videbant, nec audiebant, <lb/>&longs;ed velut attoniti, aut lymphati &longs;en&longs;ibus ac <lb/>mente excutiebantur. </s> <s>Febreque ac tu&longs;&longs;i cum <lb/>laborarent, calor tamen & color haud mu­<lb/>tabatur. </s> <s>Tubercula variis in locis pro ho­<lb/>minum natura apparebant. </s> <s>Tandem veterno <lb/>alij, alij inedia conficiebantur. </s> <s>Quidam etiam <lb/>ob &longs;itim in puteos &longs;e præcipitabant. </s> <s>Cer­<lb/>tum e&longs;t, fui&longs;&longs;e genus certum ab&longs;ce&longs;&longs;us in <lb/>cerebro, quandoquidem contagio non pro­<lb/>pagaretur. </s> <s>Certum e&longs;t, tot fermè e&longs;&longs;e modos <lb/>pe&longs;tis, quot tempora. </s> <s>Nulla tamen pe&longs;tis vl­<lb/>tra triennium &longs;æuit. </s> <s>Cau&longs;a multiplex e&longs;t. <lb/>Prima, quia &longs;i tamdiu &longs;æuiat, non habet fer­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg187"></arrow.to.target><lb/>mè in quos &longs;æuiat. </s> <s>Deinde, aër ip&longs;e cùm le­<lb/>ui&longs;&longs;imæ ( vt dictum e&longs;t ) &longs;it &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ, vlte­<lb/>riorem putredinem pati non pote&longs;t. </s> <s>O&longs;ten­<lb/>&longs;um e&longs;t enim &longs;uperius, quæ computrue­<lb/>tint, non amplius e&longs;&longs;e putrida. </s> <s>Accedit, <pb pagenum="397"/>quòd vix fieri pote&longs;t, ne in tanto tempore <lb/>aër moueatur, & in ventos transferat quod <lb/>corrumpitur. </s> <s>Videtur etiam omnibus pe&longs;&longs;i­<lb/>mis rebus Dei beneficio modus quidam im­<lb/>po&longs;itus. </s> <s>Nam nec &longs;erpentes multiplicari vi­<lb/>dentur vltra metam quandam, nec acuti <lb/>morbi vltra quartum decimum diem per&longs;e­<lb/>uerant, nec vllum vehemens malum e&longs;&longs;e po­<lb/>te&longs;t diuturnum. </s> <s>In pe&longs;tis autem genere diu­<lb/>turno ac lento, nullum e&longs;t inuenire termi­<lb/>num præfixum: vt in Gallica lue, quam con­<lb/>&longs;tatiam quinquage&longs;imum ab ortu &longs;uo an­<lb/>num exce&longs;&longs;i&longs;&longs;e. </s> <s>Et quanquam &longs;it hic mor­<lb/>bus Indis Endemius, nobis tamen contagio <lb/>pe&longs;tifer e&longs;t. </s> <s>Scrip&longs;imus autem de hoc multos <lb/>libros. <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg188"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg185"></margin.target>Cau&longs;æ pu­<lb/>tredinis aë­<lb/>ris & pe&longs;tis.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg186"></margin.target>Pe&longs;tis mira.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg187"></margin.target>Cur pe&longs;tis <lb/>triennium <lb/>non excedat.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg188"></margin.target>Venenorum <lb/>ratio triplex.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Genera pe&longs;tis ex aëre, veneni habent ra­<lb/>tionem. </s> <s>Venena etenim quædam natura, vt <lb/>quæ na&longs;cuntur, & anguium pe&longs;&longs;imi: quædam <lb/>putredine, è quorum numero pe&longs;tis ip&longs;a e&longs;t, <lb/>& quæ arte conficiuntur, cocta olim, nunc <lb/>&longs;ublimata vocantur. </s> <s>Acerrima & maximè <lb/>præ&longs;entanea à natura fiunt, illa artem vnde­<lb/>qua que &longs;uperante: &longs;ed tamen rara, frequen­<lb/>ti&longs;&longs;ima ab arte, quum in malis excogitandis <lb/>longè deterius humanum genus &longs;it <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> na­<lb/>tura. </s> <s>Ergo rarò exemplo, non turpe illa duxit <lb/>&longs;ibi in his ab hominibus &longs;uperari, modò ta­<lb/>men magnitudinis rei palma apud illam ma­</s></p><p type="main"> <s><arrow.to.target n="marg189"></arrow.to.target><lb/>neat. </s> <s>In Nubia tamen referunt (hæc Marma­<lb/>rica à Ptolemæo appellatur) e&longs;&longs;e venenum, <lb/>cuius pondus triticei grani vnius, illicò ho­<lb/>minem occidit: <expan abbr="dec&etilde;">decem</expan> autem homines in quar­<lb/>ta horæ parte. </s> <s>Tanta vis lethalis, venditur in <lb/>&longs;ingulas vncias centenis aureis. </s> <s>Tantundem <lb/>impenditur pro vectigalibus quanti emitur. <lb/>Iurat emptor non v&longs;urum eo in prouincia, <lb/>qua&longs;i homines aliarum regionum &longs;i quis oc­<lb/>cidat, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> &longs;it veneficus, vel minus &longs;it homines <lb/>occidere, <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> peierare. </s> <s><expan abbr="Periuriũ">Periurium</expan> timebit, qui <lb/>veneficio v&longs;urus e&longs;t? </s> <s>Hæc calamita&longs;ne maior, <lb/>an &longs;tultitia mortalium? </s> <s>Deterior in mora <expan abbr="cõ-ditio">con­<lb/>ditio</expan> quam in celeritate: hæc enim vitam <lb/>aufert, illa &longs;pem & fructum omnem vitæ. <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg190"></arrow.to.target><lb/>Theophra&longs;tus refert, <expan abbr="aconitũ">aconitum</expan> præparari &longs;oli­<lb/>tum quod bime&longs;tri, trime&longs;tri, &longs;eme&longs;tri, anno­<lb/>ve vel etiam biennio occidat, <expan abbr="e&longs;&longs;éq;">e&longs;&longs;éque</expan> mortes <lb/>collectionis medicamenti temporibus com­<lb/>pares. </s> <s>Nam à &longs;eniore <expan abbr="plãta">planta</expan> protrahitur mors <lb/>diutiùs: &longs;erebant enim herbam, <expan abbr="colligebántq;">colligebántque</expan> <lb/>Vel quia collecta verno <expan abbr="t&etilde;pore">tempore</expan>, celeriùs oc­<lb/>cidat <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> hyeme, vt etiam de herbarum vi­<lb/>ribus tum <expan abbr="radicũ">radicum</expan> con&longs;tat. </s> <s>Et quantumuis me­<lb/>dicamenti tempus protraheretur, mors <expan abbr="tam&etilde;">tamen</expan> <lb/>certa <expan abbr="atq;">atque</expan> irreparabilis, <expan abbr="cuiq;">cuique</expan> &longs;uo <expan abbr="t&etilde;pore">tempore</expan>, quod <lb/>mirum e&longs;t, imminebat. </s> <s>Simili ratione <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> <lb/>licet non vitam tollant, membrorum tameu <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg191"></arrow.to.target><lb/>quorundam vitium afferunt. </s> <s>Fons fuit vltra <lb/>Rhenum iuxta littus maris, cuius aqua ex­<lb/>cu&longs;&longs;it dentes omnibus, quotquot è Germani­<lb/>ci exercitu ex eo biberant. </s> <s>Nec <expan abbr="inuentũ">inuentum</expan> au­<lb/>xilium, ni&longs;i herbæ Britannicæ. </s> <s>Et Cæ&longs;ari Ta­<lb/>bernæ patritio no&longs;tro, quum diu cruciatus <lb/><expan abbr="v&etilde;triculi">ventriculi</expan> doloribus di&longs;&longs;ectus fui&longs;&longs;et po&longs;t mor­<lb/>tem, inuentus lapis in ventriculo oui magni­<lb/>tudine. </s> <s>Venena enim quæ ad <expan abbr="t&etilde;pus">tempus</expan> occidunt, <lb/><expan abbr="neq;">neque</expan> cor, <expan abbr="neq;">neque</expan> <expan abbr="cerebrũ">cerebrum</expan>, <expan abbr="neq;">neque</expan> <expan abbr="ve&longs;icã">ve&longs;icam</expan> petere po&longs;­<lb/>&longs;unt. </s> <s>Nam &longs;i cor <expan abbr="petãt">petant</expan>, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> tandiu differre po&longs;­<lb/>&longs;unt <expan abbr="mort&etilde;">mortem</expan>: &longs;i <expan abbr="cerebrũ">cerebrum</expan>, cùm longè ab&longs;int, non <lb/>occident, imò vix attingere po&longs;&longs;unt. </s> <s>Ve&longs;icam <lb/>non ni&longs;i acuta medicamenta lædunt: ea au­<lb/>tem celeriter occidunt. </s> <s>Po&longs;&longs;unt tamen cele­<lb/>riter nocere, & tandem interficere. </s> <s>Sed quæ <lb/>venena clam occidunt & &longs;erò, vt fraus la­<lb/>teat, pulmones aut iecur, aut ventriculum <lb/>vexant. </s> <s>Ventriculum quæ vexant, dolore iu­<lb/>gi & pleraque vomitu: quæ pulmones pe­<lb/>tierunt tabe ac iu&longs;&longs;i: quæ iecur, &longs;anguinem <lb/>corrumpendo alia regium morbum, non­<lb/>nulla hydropem, pleraque febres virulentas <lb/>generando occidunt. </s> <s>Aliàs &longs;crip&longs;i vno pran­<lb/>dio exceptos è tredecim viris in oppido <lb/>Gallarate vndecim, qui venenum biberint <lb/>omnes interii&longs;&longs;e diuer&longs;is temporibus, cum <lb/>quidam etiam Romam interim iui&longs;&longs;ent ac <lb/>redii&longs;&longs;ent. </s> <s>Delatum ex ea vrbe tam pul­<lb/>chrum inuentum fuerat. </s> <s>Aliàs dicam &longs;igna <lb/>quædam, quibus hominem venenum, licet <lb/>non &longs;entiat, hau&longs;i&longs;&longs;e deprehendemus: nunc <lb/>tamen potiora &longs;ubiiciam. </s> <s>Ea &longs;unt quinque. <lb/>Primum, cùm odor fœdus in cibo &longs;entitur: <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg192"></arrow.to.target><lb/>vel &longs;i non præ&longs;ente re fœtida, odor qua&longs;i <lb/>&longs;ecum rem deferat fœtidam, fœdus &longs;entia­<lb/>tur. </s> <s>Eadem ratio in horribilibus &longs;aporibus. <lb/>Dolores quoque ab&longs;que manife&longs;ta cau&longs;a vel <lb/>in ventriculo, vel iecore, vel ve&longs;icæ ero&longs;iores <lb/>vel &longs;anguinis &longs;puta repentina, atque &longs;pon­<lb/>tanea. </s> <s>E&longs;t etiam tabes quædam lenta ac exi­<lb/>tialis &longs;ignum hau&longs;ti veneni: & coloris totius <lb/>corporis magna mutatio, & immedicabilis. <lb/>Cæterùm non e&longs;t hîc locus de morbis tra­<lb/>ctandi, &longs;ed &longs;olùm illud quòd &longs;ubtilius e&longs;t hac <lb/>in di&longs;putatione docendum, quomodo &longs;cili­<lb/>cet odore non præ&longs;ente, aut &longs;apore, <expan abbr="vtrunq;">vtrunque</expan> <lb/>&longs;entire contingat, <expan abbr="hócq;">hócque</expan> veneni &longs;it indicium. <lb/>Cau&longs;a e&longs;t, quòd humor melancholicus tales <lb/>&longs;pecies loco obiecti refert: vt etiam in his, <lb/>qui à cane rabido mor&longs;i &longs;unt, circa vi&longs;um er­<lb/>rare contingit. </s> <s>At venena præ&longs;ertim tempo­<lb/>ranea humorem hunc atrum generare &longs;o­<lb/>lent. </s> <s>Subit autem dum hæc con&longs;idero dubi­<lb/>tatio <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> leuis, quòd cùm multa &longs;int <emph type="italics"/>(<emph.end type="italics"/> vt dixi) <lb/>quæ mortem differre po&longs;&longs;unt in annos, & ta­<lb/>men &longs;int venena, ne non aliqua &longs;int, quibus <lb/>vtamur pro cibis, & tamen mortem <expan abbr="afferãt">afferant</expan>, <lb/>licet adeò &longs;erò vt <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> pro venenis <expan abbr="habeãtur">habeantur</expan>. <lb/>Quòd &longs;i talia &longs;int, erunt velut è <expan abbr="fungorũ">fungorum</expan> ge­<lb/>nerib. </s> <s>Quòd cùm tot &longs;int <expan abbr="atq;">atque</expan> diuer&longs;is modis <lb/>affecti, in tam diuer&longs;is ætatibus, <expan abbr="t&etilde;peraturis">temperaturis</expan> <lb/>viuendi in&longs;titutis, artibus, virium robore, oc­<lb/>ca&longs;ionibus, <expan abbr="varióq;">varióque</expan> adeò exitu <expan abbr="pereuntiũ">pereuntium</expan>, quis <lb/>po&longs;&longs;it animaduertere hanc noxam? </s> <s>Simili ra­<lb/>tione olera <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> agre&longs;tia, quæ fortuitò edi­<lb/>mus: <expan abbr="lat&etilde;t">latent</expan> enim quàm multa: & quæ <expan abbr="inficiũ-tur">inficiun­<lb/>tur</expan> &longs;alamandra ac rubetis, ac &longs;erpentib. </s> <s>Cha­<lb/>mæleon herba &longs;uibus, lupis & murib <expan abbr="præs&etilde;s">præsens</expan> <lb/>venenum, quis nouit an hominibus &longs;it tem­<lb/>poraneum? </s> <s>Nam quæ <expan abbr="noc&etilde;t">nocent</expan>, temporis &longs;patio <lb/>interficere &longs;olent. </s> <s>Vi&longs;cus certè qui in illius <lb/>radice oritur, <expan abbr="mort&etilde;">mortem</expan> hominibus affert. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quæ-cunq;">Quæ­<lb/>cunque</expan> autem mortem <expan abbr="præ&longs;ent&etilde;">præ&longs;entem</expan> afferunt, ea &longs;i <lb/>temperata fuerint, veneni temporanei loco <lb/>habenda &longs;unt. </s> <s>Sunt verò ex his quæ &longs;olo ta­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg193"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ctu etiam occidant: nam canis rabidi &longs;puma <lb/>&longs;i in locum aliquo modo vulneratum inci­<lb/>dat, vel à quo &longs;ola detracta &longs;it cuticula, occi­<lb/>dere &longs;olet: & &longs;cilla cuti illita vexat carnes: & <lb/>cantharides manu retentæ, &longs;anguinis mi­<lb/>ctum prouocant: quidquid mirum e&longs;t igitur <lb/>venenum e&longs;&longs;e quod &longs;olo contactu occidat, <expan abbr="tũ">tum</expan> <pb pagenum="398"/>præ&longs;ertim cum videamus pe&longs;tem quæ ephip­<lb/>piis aut tabulæ hæ&longs;erit, hominem occidere, <lb/>qui alteri eorum in&longs;ederit. </s> <s>Quædam igitur <lb/>vmbra &longs;ola, vt oleander & taxus: quædam <lb/>venenum extinctum olim &longs;u&longs;citant, vt virg&ecedil; <lb/>corni, aut &longs;anguinariæ, quæ cùm in manu ca­<lb/>le&longs;cunt, rabiem in mor&longs;is à cane <expan abbr="atq;">atque</expan> liberatis <lb/>periculo reuocant. </s> <s>Sanguinariæ <expan abbr="quoq;">quoque</expan> virgis <lb/>cæ&longs;i, tum etiam iumenta, magno incommodo <lb/>affici creduntur. </s> <s>Feruntur & &longs;erpentes <expan abbr="quidã">quidam</expan> <lb/>occidere, etiam medio contactu ha&longs;tæ, vt <lb/>Matthiolus refert. </s> <s>Alius cum &longs;uxi&longs;&longs;et vulnus <lb/>à &longs;erpente diui&longs;o illatum, &longs;tatim expirauit. <lb/>Alij odore &longs;olo intereunt, vt qui Senis pu­<lb/>plicè à riuali odore &longs;olo oblato occidit. </s> <s>Mira <lb/>hæc videntur potius quam &longs;int, &longs;eu ad huma­<lb/>nam quis re&longs;piciat imbecillitatem, &longs;eu ad in­<lb/>genij malefici indu&longs;triam, &longs;eu ad rerum ip­<lb/>&longs;arum vim, aut ad modi &longs;ubtilitatem. </s> <s>Cúm­<lb/>que hoc &longs;it præ&longs;entis negotij propo&longs;itum, in <lb/>tribus admirabilioribus exemplis illud nunc <lb/>explicomus. </s> <s>Occîdunt quædam (vt diximus) <lb/>deuorata &longs;tatim, alia &longs;olo contactu, alia olfa­<lb/>ctu: quid mirabilius &longs;it ex his, incertum e&longs;t: <lb/>&longs;ed audi cau&longs;am horum, & perdi&longs;ces. </s> <s>Si ignis <lb/>&longs;cintilla cor introëat, nonne credis &longs;tatim <lb/>hominem interiturum? </s> <s>At venenum fiet acu­<lb/>tius igne, vt declarabimus, <expan abbr="dũ">dum</expan> de aquis acer­<lb/>rimis &longs;ermonem habebimus. </s> <s>Tale autem po­<lb/>tentia, dum in corpore e&longs;t tale actu fit: occi­<lb/>dit ergo, inquam, & erit minus decima grani <lb/>triticei parte: nam &longs;cintilla ignis, & pondere, <lb/>& magnitudine, & &longs;ub&longs;tantia minor e&longs;t eius <lb/>grani parte decima. </s> <s>En vides rem admodum <lb/>miram, quam breui euadat non ob&longs;cura, vel <lb/>dubia, quòd olfactu &longs;olo interimit in cerebri <lb/>penetralia vapor receptus? </s> <s>cum &longs;ine repagulo <lb/>&longs;it cerebrum, <expan abbr="trahátq;">trahátque</expan> aërem vt cor, illicò &longs;pi­<lb/>ritum in cerebri ventriculis contentum peri­<lb/>mit <expan abbr="atq;">atque</expan> de&longs;truit. </s> <s>Nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t autem tale ve­<lb/>nenum acutum e&longs;&longs;e. </s> <s>Memini me quorundam <lb/>olfactu adeò perterritum, vt pœniteret odo­<lb/>ra&longs;&longs;e, <expan abbr="aberántq;">aberántque</expan> tamen plurimum talia à na­<lb/>tura veneni. </s> <s>Contingit hoc in omnib. </s> <s>quæ <lb/>ignis de&longs;tillatione colliguntur, &longs;i iam &longs;pontè <lb/>calida fuerint. </s> <s>Quæ verò putrida, periculo <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb/>vacant. </s> <s>O&longs;ten&longs;um e&longs;t enim, quæ putrida &longs;int <lb/>naturæ no&longs;træ aduer&longs;ari: quæ verò de&longs;tillan­<lb/>tur, participem habere vim tum ignis, tum <lb/>&longs;ub&longs;tantiæ, & caloris qui in re qu&ecedil; de&longs;tillatur <lb/>viget. </s> <s>Quid mirum e&longs;t igitur, hominem &longs;olo <lb/>olfactu repentè occidi? </s> <s>E&longs;t tactus etiam expe­<lb/>rimentum, <expan abbr="atq;">atque</expan> non tactus, &longs;ed contactus per <lb/>ha&longs;tam, <expan abbr="atq;">atque</expan> hoc, vt verè fatear, difficiliùs ac <lb/>mirabiliùs. </s> <s>Sed &longs;i quis hæc tria &longs;ibi proponat, <lb/>Metum in plurib. (<expan abbr="neq;">neque</expan> enim omnes æquali­<lb/>ter afficiuntur<emph type="italics"/>)<emph.end type="italics"/> & vim torpedinis, quæ retis <lb/>medio hominis manum etiam &longs;tupefacit, & <lb/>&longs;piritum qui ex ore &longs;erpentis exhalat, cum in <lb/>pe&longs;te hoc &longs;olo cernamus multos interire: <expan abbr="col-ligátq;">col­<lb/>ligátque</expan> hæc omnia &longs;imul: Multi &longs;olo &longs;piritu <lb/>pernicio&longs;o interiere, multi &longs;olo metu, multi <lb/>contactu retis manuum &longs;tuporem &longs;en&longs;erunt: <lb/>vulnerato &longs;erpente, & metum, & <expan abbr="&longs;piritũ">&longs;piritum</expan> exi­<lb/>tialem, & contactum, mortem <expan abbr="repentinã">repentinam</expan> af­<lb/>ferre quid mirum? </s> <s>quod tamen tam <expan abbr="mirũ">mirum</expan> e&longs;t, <lb/>quam adeò <expan abbr="rarũ">rarum</expan>. </s> <s>Ergo quæ natura <expan abbr="&longs;põtè">&longs;pontè</expan> fert, <lb/>ars in malis fingendis &longs;olertior <expan abbr="atq;">atque</expan> fœlicior <lb/>perficere pote&longs;t. </s> <s>Sed dices: Cur igitur pauci <lb/>&longs;ic pereunt, non paucæ &longs;unt cau&longs;æ. </s> <s>Primum <lb/>pauci hoc nolunt: Principes enim odio <expan abbr="hab&etilde;t">habent</expan> <lb/>ea, quib. </s> <s>& alij in ip&longs;os vti po&longs;&longs;ent. </s> <s>Pauciores <lb/>etiam &longs;unt, qui &longs;ciant hæc: nec <expan abbr="&longs;api&etilde;tes">&longs;apientes</expan> pe&longs;&longs;i­<lb/>mo <expan abbr="ex&etilde;plo">exemplo</expan> vti volunt, nec imperiti <expan abbr="&longs;ufficiũt">&longs;ufficiunt</expan>. <lb/>Adde, quòd tam violentam belluam quis &longs;a­<lb/>nus libenter tractet? </s> <s>Ea <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> nocere <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> po&longs;­<lb/>&longs;unt, ni&longs;i copiosè <expan abbr="admini&longs;tr&etilde;tur">admini&longs;trentur</expan>, <expan abbr="omniáq;">omniáque</expan> h&ecedil;­<lb/>reant: at aduer&longs;us hæc <expan abbr="Principũ">Principum</expan> cautio maxi­<lb/>ma e&longs;t. </s> <s>Imminet <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> periculum adeò ingens <lb/>proditoribus &longs;i pateat non &longs;olùm ab his in <lb/>quos moliuntur, &longs;ed & ab his propter quos, <lb/>ne po&longs;t &longs;celus pactum &longs;celeris habeant <expan abbr="te&longs;t&etilde;">te&longs;tem</expan>. <lb/><expan abbr="Deniq;">Denique</expan> qui vel natura, vel arte bene &longs;unt in­<lb/>&longs;tituti, hac &longs;cientia, quæ &longs;olùm e&longs;t ad <expan abbr="hominũ">hominum</expan> <lb/>perniciem, carere volunt. </s> <s>Ego cùm <expan abbr="admodũ">admodum</expan> <lb/>curio&longs;us fuerim omnium quæ mortali &longs;cire <lb/>liceret, hanc &longs;olam <expan abbr="ignorantiã">ignorantiam</expan> optimæ <expan abbr="&longs;ci&etilde;-tiæ">&longs;cien­<lb/>tiæ</expan> e&longs;&longs;e loco duxi: nec quæ&longs;iui vnquam, nec <lb/>&longs;i quis &longs;pontè obtuli&longs;&longs;et, habere volui&longs;&longs;em. <lb/>Quin potius &longs;i quid excogitandum fuerat, ad <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg194"></arrow.to.target><lb/>auxilia, & cautionem traduxi. </s> <s>Auxilium igi­<lb/>tur e&longs;t, non hærere loco cuiquam, donec in­<lb/>cale&longs;cat manus: lotio frequens partium cum <lb/>aqua tepida: olei <expan abbr="quoq;">quoque</expan> rutacei, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> illius vul­<lb/>garis, &longs;ed eius quod <expan abbr="eod&etilde;">eodem</expan> modo <expan abbr="factũ">factum</expan> &longs;it, quo <lb/>& <expan abbr="&longs;picatũ">&longs;picatum</expan>, & <expan abbr="garyophylatũ">garyophylatum</expan> apud pigmenta­<lb/>rios fieri &longs;olet, inunctio. </s> <s>Dixi <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan>, <expan abbr="ign&etilde;">ignem</expan> loco <lb/>adhibitum omne venenum extinguere: &longs;iqui­<lb/>dem ignis venena aliqua extinguit, alia exa­<lb/>cuit. </s> <s>Extinguit &longs;emper, dum loco adhibetur, <lb/>quoniam virtus eius omne humidum tollit. <lb/>Omne <expan abbr="aut&etilde;">autem</expan> &longs;iccum in aliquo humido e&longs;t: vi­<lb/>demus enim planè &longs;icca nullas habere vires. <lb/>Sunt <expan abbr="aut&etilde;">autem</expan> planè &longs;icca expertia naturæ mi&longs;to­<lb/>rum <expan abbr="atq;">atque</expan> elementorum. </s> <s>Elementa enim om­<lb/>nia (vt dixi) humida. </s> <s>Mi&longs;tum <expan abbr="aut&etilde;">autem</expan> mi&longs;cetur, <lb/>quia humidum e&longs;t. </s> <s>Ignis igitur exteriùs, & <lb/>quod calidi&longs;&longs;imum e&longs;t intus, omnia venena <lb/>finit. </s> <s>Sed intus calidi&longs;&longs;ima ip&longs;a venena &longs;unt. <lb/><expan abbr="Quædã">Quædam</expan> <expan abbr="aut&etilde;">autem</expan> exacuit: <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> Locu&longs;tam opificem <lb/>veneni verberauit Nero, quòd non protinus <lb/>occidi&longs;&longs;et. </s> <s>Illa iterum coxit (coqui dixerunt, <lb/>quod nunc &longs;ublimari, &longs;eu de&longs;tillari.) Ignis er­<lb/>go, &longs;i mi&longs;ceantur, vires tollit, exhalante te­<lb/>nuior humido, in quo veneni vis &longs;ita e&longs;t. </s> <s>Sed <lb/>&longs;i pura de&longs;tillentur, aut venena venenis mi&longs;­<lb/>ceantur, exacuit venenum: velut in medica­<lb/>mentis additur aliquid quod penetret: & <lb/>cùm minuere vim debeat, auget. </s> <s>Sed ad <lb/>auxilia tran&longs;eamus. </s> <s>Primum e&longs;t potus the­<lb/>riacæ, quæ &longs;i probè confecta &longs;it nemo e&longs;t, <lb/>qui ne&longs;ciat quantum conferat. </s> <s>Secundum, <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg195"></arrow.to.target><lb/>mus quem Moy&longs;is appellant: referunt enim <lb/>ve&longs;ci radice napelli, &longs;eu napellus &longs;it acco­<lb/>nitum, &longs;eu aliud quippiam: at de hoc &longs;uo <lb/>loco dicetur. </s> <s>Quidam non indigni fide, <lb/>vidi&longs;&longs;e &longs;e referunt. </s> <s>At operæ pretium fue­<lb/>rat eos docui&longs;&longs;e, quonam pacto tam paruus <lb/>cùm &longs;it, queat effodere terram: & quàm <lb/>mirabili affectu feratur in eum cibum in <lb/>tanta copia, <expan abbr="facilioréq;">facilioréque</expan> <expan abbr="alim&etilde;ti">alimenti</expan>: & cùm omnia <lb/>animalia illicò e&longs;u acconiti pereant, mus in­<lb/>firmior cæteris, paruitate, mollitie, breuitate <lb/>vitæ, & moderatione, a&longs;&longs;ue&longs;cere potuerit tam <lb/>acri veneno. </s> <s>Si tamen hoc contingat, <expan abbr="de-mõ&longs;tratum">de­<lb/>mon&longs;tratum</expan> e&longs;t, omne quod veneno ve&longs;citur, <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e alexipharmacum, &longs;eu illi re&longs;i&longs;tere: opti­<lb/>ma erit medicina pro venenis Vnum Affir­<lb/>mant deprehen&longs;um e&longs;&longs;e, mu&longs;cas magnas il­<lb/>lum edere: quod &longs;i ita e&longs;t, foliis, vel floribus <pb pagenum="399"/>vtuntur, quorum nullum veneno&longs;um e&longs;t adeò <lb/>vt radix. </s> <s>Deinde mu&longs;cæ parum habent, nec <lb/>firmiter. </s> <s>Mi&longs;cent <expan abbr="tam&etilde;">tamen</expan> Lemniæ terræ, & lau­<lb/>ri baccis & mithridato mu&longs;cas has 24. nu­<lb/>mero, & &longs;alutare conficiunt medicamentum <lb/>pari pondere omnibus &longs;umptis. </s> <s>Quòd &longs;i non <lb/>aliud <expan abbr="commodũ">commodum</expan> ferat mithridatum, & Lem­<lb/>nia terra & baccæ lauri, venenis aduer&longs;antur: <lb/>mu&longs;cæ verò vomitum ciunt. </s> <s>Sed in mure, &longs;i <lb/><expan abbr="verũ">verum</expan> &longs;it ve&longs;cico, magna vis erit. </s> <s>Nihil autem <lb/>prohibet arte parari mures &longs;en&longs;im ad hoc <lb/>perductos cum ca&longs;eo & farina, <expan abbr="iuniperíq;">iuniperíque</expan> ac <lb/>lauris baccis. </s> <s>Tertium e&longs;t <expan abbr="medicam&etilde;tũ">medicamentum</expan> è &longs;an­<lb/>guinibus, maximè ciconiæ. </s> <s><expan abbr="Demõ&longs;trandũ">Demon&longs;trandum</expan> e&longs;t <lb/>autem, hoc e&longs;&longs;e &longs;upremum aduer&longs;us venena <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg196"></arrow.to.target><lb/><expan abbr="præ&longs;idiũ">præ&longs;idium</expan>. </s> <s>Omne enim quod ve&longs;citur <expan abbr="alim&etilde;to">alimento</expan>, <lb/>dum integrum e&longs;t <expan abbr="alimentũ">alimentum</expan>, <expan abbr="propriã">propriam</expan> retinet <lb/>vim <expan abbr="atq;">atque</expan> perfectam: cùm verò in <expan abbr="nutrimentũ">nutrimentum</expan> <lb/>tran&longs;iuit, <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> acquirit eius quod nutritur. <lb/>Verùm vel &longs;ic aliquid retinet prioris natur&ecedil;. <lb/>Nam calidiora &longs;unt corpora, quæ ve&longs;cuntur <lb/>auibus, quàm pi&longs;cibus, & aliis quàm lactucis. <lb/>Sed cùm alimentum nutrire debet, in &longs;angui­<lb/>nem tran&longs;it medio itinere maior enim muta­<lb/>tio e&longs;t à &longs;anguine in &longs;ub&longs;tantiam <expan abbr="membrorũ">membrorum</expan>, <lb/>quàm ex alimento in &longs;anguinem, &longs;eu <expan abbr="t&etilde;pus">tempus</expan>, <lb/>&longs;eu differentiam, &longs;eu media con&longs;ideraueris. </s> <s>Si <lb/>igitur in perfecta mutatione, nec tota vis <lb/>prior aboletur, in dimidio tum &longs;patij, tum <lb/>actionis dimidium virium retinebit. </s> <s>Sanguis <lb/>igitur gallinæ &longs;erpentium carnibus nutritæ, <lb/>& longè melius ciconiæ ac gruis, quoniam <lb/>natura his aluntur, & <expan abbr="ab&longs;q;">ab&longs;que</expan> corruptione mu­<lb/>tantur, medius e&longs;t inter veneni ciconiæ que <lb/>naturam. </s> <s>Quod verò medium e&longs;t inter vene­<lb/>num & naturam no&longs;tram, quæ cum ciconiæ <lb/>narura ideo conuenit, quòd <expan abbr="vtraq;">vtraque</expan> anima e&longs;t, <lb/>&longs;anguineum <expan abbr="atq;">atque</expan> perfectum, alexipharma­<lb/>cum e&longs;t. </s> <s>Igitur <expan abbr="medicamentũ">medicamentum</expan> ex &longs;anguinib. <lb/>promptè venenis auxiliatur. </s> <s>Accipere autem <lb/>præ&longs;tat non &longs;olùm ciconias, &longs;ed & anates: <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> <lb/>h&ecedil; deuorant &longs;corpios ac rubetas. </s> <s>Accedit alia <lb/>ratio, quòd in ciconiis &longs;anguis talis iam e&longs;t, <lb/>vt non à venenis patiatur: <expan abbr="atq;">atque</expan> ideo &longs;imilem <lb/>in corpore no&longs;tro retinens vim, vt ab illis <lb/>minus patiatur efficit. </s> <s>Dicemus autem & de <lb/>lapide, & de aliis inferius: &longs;ed quod maxi­<lb/>mum e&longs;t, oleum e&longs;t, quod arteriis illitum, ve­<lb/>nena curat. </s> <s>Nec hoc e&longs;t, de quo nuper dixi­<lb/>mus, &longs;ed e&longs;t alterius generis. </s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg189"></margin.target>Venenum <lb/>quod &longs;tatim <lb/>occidit.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg190"></margin.target>Venena quæ <lb/>ad tempus <lb/>occidunt.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg191"></margin.target>Fontis mira <lb/>proprietas.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg192"></margin.target>Hau&longs;ti tem­<lb/>poranei ve­<lb/>neni indicia.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg193"></margin.target>Venena e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>quæ actu &longs;o­<lb/>lo occidant.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg194"></margin.target>Precatio ad­<lb/>uer&longs;us vene­<lb/>na.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg195"></margin.target>Mus & mu&longs;­<lb/>cæ napelli <lb/>fera.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg196"></margin.target>Ciconiæ &longs;an­<lb/>guinem ve­<lb/>neno ad ver­<lb/>&longs;ari vehe­<lb/>menter de­<lb/>mon&longs;tratur.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>At po&longs;tquam in hos &longs;ermones incidimus, <lb/>haud abs re e&longs;&longs;e puto illud quærere: quonam <lb/>pacto oleum parari po&longs;&longs;it, quod illitum arte­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg197"></arrow.to.target><lb/>riis cogat venenum extrudi vomitu, aut pur­<lb/>gatione, vel &longs;udore, vel vrina. </s> <s>Certum e&longs;t me, <lb/>tallicum e&longs;&longs;e oportere, quod <expan abbr="validi&longs;&longs;imũ">validi&longs;&longs;imum</expan> e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>debet. </s> <s>Vidi ego <expan abbr="quandoq;">quandoque</expan> tale, & &longs;olo pon­<lb/>dere quod e&longs;&longs;et metallicum haud dubiè con­<lb/>iectaui. </s> <s>Oportet & ex veneni natura illud <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e: nam immodica caliditate, vt dictum e&longs;t, <lb/>delet prius conceptam malam vim: & &longs;imili­<lb/>tudine auocat exteriùs quod nocet, & con­<lb/>trarietate pellit. </s> <s>Oportet & di&longs;cutientem illi <lb/>non paruam ine&longs;&longs;e vim, & rur&longs;us aduer&longs;us <lb/>venena ip&longs;a contrarietatem quandam, quæ <lb/>duo la&longs;eris &longs;ucco conueniunt. </s> <s>Igitur qu&ecedil; pro­<lb/>pellere venenum debent, metallica e&longs;&longs;e vene­<lb/>na nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t: non in acerbi&longs;&longs;ima & calidi&longs;&longs;i­<lb/>ma & di&longs;cutientia, & venenis quodammodo <lb/>contraria. </s> <s>Horum igitur materia his <expan abbr="cõ&longs;tare">con&longs;tare</expan> <lb/>pote&longs;t, My&longs;i & auripigmento, & la&longs;eris &longs;uc­<lb/>co, & gentiana, & pinguedine <expan abbr="&longs;erpentũ">&longs;erpentum</expan> ve­<lb/>neno&longs;orum, & aconito: quòd &longs;i cuipiam terr&ecedil; <lb/>ex his plura in&longs;int, detractum oleum vi ignis <lb/>omnium erit pr&ecedil;&longs;tanti&longs;&longs;imum, &longs;ecuri&longs;&longs;imum, <lb/>& quod vomitu eiicit. </s> <s>In vniuer&longs;um autem <lb/>metallica e&longs;&longs;e oportet, quæ valida <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan> & qu&ecedil; <lb/>illinuntur. </s> <s>Indicio verò terra e&longs;t illa, quam <lb/>circulatores <expan abbr="deferũt">deferunt</expan> ex Melitea in&longs;ula, aduer­<lb/>&longs;us &longs;erpentum mor&longs;us ictu&longs;ve: licet quidam <lb/>experto: dicant &longs;e oleum quod fit è &longs;corpioni­<lb/>bus & &longs;ulphuræ, necnon chamælea <expan abbr="hyperi-cóq;">hyperi­<lb/>cóque</expan> liberare à venenis illitum, ac pe&longs;te. </s> <s>Ac­<lb/>cipiunt <expan abbr="aut&etilde;">autem</expan> &longs;corpios viuaces <expan abbr="prægrandé&longs;q;">prægrandé&longs;que</expan>, <lb/>Caniculæ <expan abbr="t&etilde;pore">tempore</expan>: <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> tunc hoc animal e&longs;t &longs;ic­<lb/>ci&longs;&longs;imum, vt reliqua etiam omnia. </s> <s>Siccitate <lb/><expan abbr="aut&etilde;">autem</expan> venenum, vt docebimus, in &longs;erpentibus <lb/><expan abbr="cõ&longs;tat">con&longs;tat</expan> Excalefaciunt igitur illos in &longs;artagine <lb/>igni &longs;uperpo&longs;ita donec &longs;udent, <expan abbr="atq;">atque</expan> &longs;ic oleum <lb/>&longs;uperfu&longs;um &longs;udore illorum <expan abbr="cõbibit">combibit</expan>. </s> <s>Sed & in <lb/>hoc oleo &longs;ulphur metallicum e&longs;t. </s> <s>Si igitur ex <lb/>Melitea illa terra <expan abbr="oleũ">oleum</expan> excipiatur, abundè vi­<lb/>detur aduer&longs;us <expan abbr="pleraq;">pleraque</expan> venena &longs;ufficere: quo­<lb/>niam metallica oportet e&longs;&longs;e & veneno præ­<lb/>dita, quæ venenis aduer&longs;antur. </s> <s>Quod enim <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg198"></arrow.to.target><lb/>purgat <expan abbr="venenũ">venenum</expan>, <expan abbr="venenũ">venenum</expan> qua&longs;i &longs;ub&longs;tantia e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>oportet: vt <expan abbr="rhabarbarũ">rhabarbarum</expan> cùm <expan abbr="bil&etilde;">bilem</expan> non purgat, <lb/>in illam vertitur. </s> <s>Hoc autem e&longs;t &longs;ub&longs;tantia <lb/>tale e&longs;te, quòd in id pote&longs;t conuerti. </s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg197"></margin.target>Oleum quod <lb/>illitum ve­<lb/>nena propul­<lb/>lus.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg198"></margin.target>Explicatio <lb/>&longs;ententiæ <lb/>difficillim<gap/><lb/>5.de &longs;implic<gap/><lb/>medie.c.18.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>At verò dubitabit aliquis, quonam pacto <lb/>&longs;ola arteriarum illitione liceat venenum ex­<lb/>trudere? </s> <s>& an hoc &longs;it præ&longs;tanti&longs;&longs;imum? </s> <s>Her­<lb/>cules non dixerim <expan abbr="præ&longs;tanti&longs;&longs;imũ">præ&longs;tanti&longs;&longs;imum</expan> hoc &longs;en&longs;u, <lb/>vt etiam&longs;i præter id des in potu aut theria­<lb/>cam, aut lac, aut <expan abbr="&longs;iccũ">&longs;iccum</expan> vomicæ nucis igne de­<lb/>cerptum (hic aquam colore, non odore vel &longs;a­<lb/>pore imitatur) vel aliud &longs;i quid habes me­<lb/>lius, vt quod for&longs;an quidam circulator aduer­<lb/>&longs;us venena vendebat antidotum dum hæc <lb/>emendarem, quinetiam melius proficeret. <lb/>Illud benè au&longs;im dicere, illitionem arteria­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg199"></arrow.to.target><lb/>rum & admota exterius, e&longs;&longs;e his quæ bibun­<lb/>tur præ&longs;tantiora ac validiora: hoc vno dun­<lb/>taxat excepto, quòd venenum adhuc in ven­<lb/>triculo maneat. </s> <s>Nam his quæ vomitum va­<lb/>lidum prouocant, lac, lixiuium, oleum, aqua <lb/>nucis vomicæ, quam modò &longs;uccum diximus, <lb/>præ&longs;tanti&longs;&longs;ima &longs;unt. </s> <s>Igitur in mor&longs;ibus ve­<lb/>nenatis, in aculeorum ictibus, in vnguentis <lb/>veneno&longs;is, in potu veneni, quod ita ad præ­<lb/>cordia penetrauerit, exterius adhibita auxi­<lb/>lia validiora &longs;unt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq;">Itaque</expan> &longs;olent nonnulli exen­<lb/>teratis mulis viuentibus &longs;e immittere: calor <lb/>enim ille auocat exterius venenum, ac illius <lb/>malitiam frangit. </s> <s>Occîdit etiam venenum vi <lb/>eius ad cor penetrante: at quæ illinuntur, ad <lb/>cor integris fermè facultatibus perueniunt <lb/>ac celerrimè: quæ verò bibuntur, præter id <lb/>quòd &longs;erò penetrant, <expan abbr="morámq;">morámque</expan> trahunt plu­<lb/>rimam, in ventriculo primùm, inde in ve­<lb/>nis qu&ecedil; ad iecur, pò&longs;t in iecore, vltimò etiam <lb/>in dextro cordis &longs;inu, adeò retunduntur vi­<lb/>ribus, vt vix ve&longs;tigium eo tempore quo ma­<lb/>ximas e&longs;&longs;e oportebat, relinquatur. </s> <s>Er­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg200"></arrow.to.target><lb/>go vt in argento viuo, & quo in tracta­<lb/>tione de Indica lue actum e&longs;t, &longs;cabies, p&longs;o­<lb/>ra, & lues Indica expellitur (quoniam &longs;ub­<lb/>tilitate penetrat, caliditate attenuat & <lb/>expellit (praua & noxia caliditate, eadem <lb/>in venenis ratione illita deferuntur per arte-<pb pagenum="400"/>rias in &longs;ini&longs;trum promptè cordis <expan abbr="ventriculũ">ventriculum</expan>. <lb/>Quòd autem vel &longs;ic totum corpus immutare <lb/>po&longs;&longs;int, humoré&longs;que omnes mouere, mutare, <lb/>eiicere, experimentum in Indica lue o&longs;tendit, <lb/>vbi etiam o&longs;&longs;a &longs;i expediat propellit. </s> <s>At &longs;erò <lb/>tamen dices: hoc quidem, quia non in tenuis <lb/>olei formam redactum e&longs;t, &longs;ed ip&longs;a argenti <lb/>viui &longs;ub&longs;tantia adhibetur, nec etiam præ­<lb/>cordiis vt in venenis admouemus. </s> <s>Quonam <lb/>pacto autem arteriis illita tam promptè in <lb/>cor ferantur, hæc fermè verborum &longs;erie ex­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg201"></arrow.to.target><lb/>plicuit Galenus: Aer qui no&longs;trum corpus cir­<lb/>cumambit, intrò per corporis raritatem pe­<lb/>netrat. </s> <s>Dum enim per os &longs;piritus exhalat ex <lb/>corde, circunfu&longs;us aër ab arteriarum o&longs;culis <lb/>illius loco rapitur, fitque, licet non eodem <lb/>tempore, gemina in &longs;piratio, altera ex ore, <lb/>altera ex arteriarum o&longs;culis, qua&longs;i alterna vi­<lb/>ci&longs;&longs;itudine. </s> <s>Conftat igitur, quod &longs;imili impe­<lb/>tu hauriuntur à corde, inhæréntque firmiter, <lb/>quæ arteriis illinuntur, &longs;eu venena &longs;int, &longs;eu <lb/>venenorum auxilia, &longs;eu quæ venena propul­<lb/>&longs;ant. </s> <s>Verùm adeò vehementi vi hydrargy­<lb/>rium &longs;orbetur ab humanis cordibus vt ex vl­<lb/>ceribus capitis ex ore guttatim, tanquam è <lb/>pyxide decidens emanet: quamuis interitum <lb/>extinctúmque &longs;olis arteriis manuum ac pe­<lb/>dum illitum fuerit. </s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg199"></margin.target>Quomodo il­<lb/>lita arteriis <lb/>curent vene­<lb/>na, & &longs;ca­<lb/>biem ac t<gap/><lb/>lia.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg200"></margin.target>Lib.4.c.1.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg201"></margin.target>S. de doctri­<lb/>na Hipp. </s> <s>& <lb/>Plat.cap.20.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Tran&longs;tulit nimis nos longè à propo&longs;ito <lb/>orationis <expan abbr="cõtinuitas">continuitas</expan>, &longs;iquidem quòd moueri <lb/>&longs;emper aërem in his locis vbi liber e&longs;t, <expan abbr="atq;">atque</expan> <lb/>ideo in &longs;uperiore regione, ea hoc o&longs;tendere <lb/>conabamur, quòd quie&longs;cens putre&longs;cat: ex hoc <lb/>inde in pe&longs;tis narrationem prolap&longs;i, nec re­<lb/>uocati, quin potius ex illa in venenorum hi­<lb/>&longs;toriam delap&longs;i, quanquam non inutilem, <expan abbr="lõ-gè">lon­<lb/>gè</expan> tamen (vt dixi) à propo&longs;ito aberrauimus. <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg202"></arrow.to.target><lb/>Igitur reuocandus e&longs;t &longs;tylus ad aëris motum, <lb/>ac quietem. </s> <s>Refert Solinus, <expan abbr="Olympũ">Olympum</expan> The&longs;­<lb/>&longs;aliæ montem adeò in &longs;ublime ferri, vt pera­<lb/>ctis anniuer&longs;ario die &longs;acrificiis, cineres im­<lb/>moti <expan abbr="maneãt">maneant</expan> <expan abbr="v&longs;q;">v&longs;que</expan> in &longs;equens <expan abbr="&longs;acrificiũ">&longs;acrificium</expan>, quòd <lb/>toto anno montis vertex ob altitudinem <expan abbr="v&etilde;-torum">ven­<lb/>torum</expan> expers &longs;it. </s> <s>Quòd &longs;i hæc cau&longs;a e&longs;t, cur <lb/>non Cauca&longs;o idem eueniet monti, qui Alba­<lb/>nos & Colchidem à Sarmatia di&longs;terminat? <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg203"></arrow.to.target><lb/>quem refert Ari&longs;toteles tantæ e&longs;&longs;e altitudi­<lb/>nis, vt videatur ex o&longs;tio Mæotidis paludis, & <lb/>Solem in vertice <expan abbr="v&longs;q;">v&longs;que</expan> ad tertiam noctis <expan abbr="part&etilde;">partem</expan> <lb/>radiis <expan abbr="illũ">illum</expan> illu&longs;trantibus o&longs;tendat: quod &longs;ph&ecedil;­<lb/>ræ ratio quanquam non patiatur, haud ne­<lb/>gauerim tamen alti&longs;&longs;imum hunc e&longs;&longs;e <expan abbr="mont&etilde;">montem</expan>, <lb/><expan abbr="cuíq;">cuíque</expan> hoc eadem ratione quod de Olympo <lb/>dictum e&longs;t, debeat conuenire. </s> <s>Idem eueniet <lb/>monti qui in Teneriffa e&longs;t. </s> <s>In&longs;ula hæc e&longs;t vna <lb/>è &longs;eptem quas Fortunatas Ptolemæus appel­<lb/>lat, vltra Herculis <expan abbr="colũnas">colunnas</expan>. </s> <s>Nam &longs;i fas e&longs;t cre­<lb/>dere, ad 6000. pa&longs;&longs;uum attolli affirmant, cu&longs;­<lb/>pide etiam in adamantis formam. </s> <s>In Beregua <lb/>etiam 50000. pa&longs;&longs;. </s> <s>& in Gaira niuibus tegi <lb/>montium cacumnia, cum tamen partib. </s> <s>tan­<lb/>tùm 10. ab æquatore di&longs;tet. </s> <s><expan abbr="Vtraq;">Vtraque</expan> Prouincia <lb/>iuxta Pariam po&longs;ita e&longs;t. </s> <s>E&longs;t & mons alius in <lb/>Mauritania Tingitana, Africæ prouincia, <lb/>qui olim ob altitudinem Solis, nunc autem <lb/>ab incolis Hanteta dicitur. </s> <s>Et rur&longs;us in An­<lb/>gote Æthiopiæ regione mons alti&longs;&longs;imus e&longs;t: <lb/>eadem igitur his omnibus contingerent. <lb/>Ego verò moueri aërem illic certò &longs;cio ra­<lb/>tione dicta. </s> <s>Sed &longs;i modò cineres non euertit, <lb/>id fieri pote&longs;t, quòd tenui&longs;&longs;imus &longs;it aër, <expan abbr="atq;">atque</expan> <lb/>etiam ob id &longs;aluberrimus: <expan abbr="conuenítq;">conuenítque</expan> hoc his <lb/>quæ de Atho monte, &longs;i modò Solino vlla po­<lb/>te&longs;t adhiberi fides, ille idem narrat. </s> <s>Quòd &longs;i <lb/>fabulo&longs;a illa exi&longs;timas, iam nihil habes ad­<lb/>uer&longs;um nos. </s> <s>Itaque &longs;crip&longs;it ille, Athon mon­<lb/>tem Macedoniæ, qui inter &longs;ex altiores <lb/>mundi montes adnumerari debet: nec &longs;atis <lb/>can&longs;tat quo ordine inter illos &longs;it cen&longs;endus, <lb/>arcem Acroathon in vertice habere, cuius <lb/>incolæ dimidio plus cæteris mortalibus vi­<lb/>uunt, nec ibi cineres aut aquis dilui, aut <expan abbr="v&etilde;-tis">ven­<lb/>tis</expan> euolui: cui etiam &longs;ententiæ de vitæ diu­<lb/>turnitate qua&longs;i Mela Pomponius &longs;ub&longs;cribit. <lb/>Idem & de cineribus eadem affirmat: quare <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg204"></arrow.to.target><lb/>non immotum aerem, &longs;ed &longs;i ita e&longs;t, leniter <lb/>motum purum ac tenui&longs;&longs;imum e&longs;&longs;e oportet. <lb/>Nam i&longs;tud &longs;atis con&longs;tat, aërem cum quie&longs;cit <lb/>putre&longs;cere: velut & terram, cum concutitur, <lb/>conteri. </s> <s>Concutitur autem terra trib. </s> <s>modis, <lb/>inclinatione, &longs;ucce&longs;&longs;ione, vibratione. </s> <s>Vibra­<lb/>tio periculo vacat, &longs;ucce&longs;&longs;io nunquam, &longs;ed ra­<lb/>rò etiam ruina vacat. </s> <s>Inclinatio verò, ruinæ <lb/>comes e&longs;t: vidi <expan abbr="tam&etilde;">tamen</expan> & <expan abbr="inclination&etilde;">inclinationem</expan> ab&longs;que <lb/>ruina. </s> <s>Contingunt autem præter hæc, &longs;ed ex <lb/>his, mira quædam quæ diuinitùs procedere <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg205"></arrow.to.target><lb/>fru&longs;trà creduntur, velut & <expan abbr="pleraq;">pleraque</expan> alia: qualia <lb/>&longs;unt ortus lacuum, & frequentius fontium, <lb/>recur&longs;us <expan abbr="fluminũ">fluminum</expan> ad &longs;uperiora: <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> hic fit par­<lb/>te <expan abbr="illorũ">illorum</expan> &longs;uperiore in terræmotu inclinata, vel <lb/>tota alueo vibrata: & mugitus <expan abbr="quidã">quidam</expan> vel boa­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg206"></arrow.to.target><lb/>tus horrendi, <expan abbr="incõditæq;">inconditæque</expan> voces qua&longs;i gemitus <lb/>in prælio <expan abbr="cadentiũ">cadentium</expan>, & <expan abbr="malorũ">malorum</expan> &longs;unitus &longs;pontè. <lb/>Referuntur <expan abbr="aut&etilde;">autem</expan> hæc inter prodigia, vt an. <lb/>1224. quo propter <expan abbr="terræmotũ">terræmotum</expan> omnia hæc <expan abbr="cõ-tigerunt">con­<lb/>tigerunt</expan>. </s> <s>Sed nullum fuit prodigium, ni&longs;i hoc <lb/>vnum, terram tam vehementer tremui&longs;&longs;e, vt <lb/>omnia hæc fuerint &longs;ub&longs;ecuta. </s> <s>Nam cùm hoc <lb/>euenerit, contingent & illa. </s> <s>At hoc for&longs;an <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb/>pote&longs;t <expan abbr="ab&longs;q;">ab&longs;que</expan> prodigio euenire, <expan abbr="quãuis">quanuis</expan> con&longs;tet <lb/>hæc naturalib. </s> <s>cau&longs;is fieri. </s> <s>Fit auté <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> mate­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg207"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ria quæ vri apta e&longs;t: vritur &longs;ulphur, &longs;al, <expan abbr="nitrũ">nitrum</expan>, <lb/>&longs;eu <expan abbr="halinitrũ">halinitrum</expan>, & <expan abbr="bitum&etilde;">bitumen</expan>. </s> <s>Cùm enim hæc ac­<lb/>cenduntur, nec exitum inueniunt, vt in cuni­<lb/>culis, machini&longs;ve, terram mouent & qua­<lb/>tiunt, pe&longs;&longs;imè quidem halinitro, mediocriter <lb/>bituminc, tenuiter &longs;ulphure. </s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg202"></margin.target>Montes to­<lb/>tius orbis al­<lb/>ti&longs;&longs;imi.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg203"></margin.target><gap/>Meteor 13.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg204"></margin.target>Lib.2.c.2.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg205"></margin.target><expan abbr="Terræmotuũ">Terræmotuum</expan> <lb/>differentiæ.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg206"></margin.target>Terræmotus <lb/>miracula.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg207"></margin.target>Terræmotus <lb/>cau&longs;æ.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Vnde hîc rur&longs;us quæ&longs;tio oritur: cur halini­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg208"></arrow.to.target><lb/>trum cùm difficiliùs vratur ac &longs;egnius quam <lb/>&longs;ulphur, <expan abbr="attam&etilde;">attamen</expan> magis <expan abbr="cõcutit">concutit</expan> & quatit ma­<lb/>chinas, & maiorem facit <expan abbr="&longs;trepitũ">&longs;trepitum</expan>. </s> <s>Cau&longs;a e&longs;t, <lb/>quoniam <expan abbr="halinitrũ">halinitrum</expan> &longs;iccius e&longs;t, ideo etiam cùm <lb/>purum fuerit, celerius ardet: nec &longs;egnius vri­<lb/>tur, ni&longs;i quia e&longs;t <expan abbr="impurũ">impurum</expan>. </s> <s>Sed dum purum e&longs;t, <lb/>cùm &longs;iccum &longs;it, momento ardet. </s> <s>Non &longs;ic &longs;ul­<lb/>phur, pingue enim cùm &longs;it, mora vt ardeat <lb/>indiget. </s> <s>A &longs;ia cau&longs;a e&longs;t, quòd cùm terreum &longs;it, <lb/>maius dum in flammam conuertitur occupat <lb/>&longs;patium: ideo duplici cau&longs;a, & quòd celerius <lb/>ardet, & quòd terreum ac den&longs;um e&longs;t, atque <lb/>ob id maius occupat &longs;patium, maiorem &longs;ul­<lb/>phuræ impetum facit. </s> <s>Nam &longs;ulphur, vt infrà <lb/>o&longs;tendemus, pingue e&longs;t & aëreum, & mini­<lb/>mè terreum. </s> <s>Con&longs;tat halinitrum den&longs;a ac <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg209"></arrow.to.target><lb/>tenui&longs;&longs;ima &longs;ub&longs;tantia. </s> <s>Purgatur autem hoc <lb/>modo, vt Vannotius Biringutius docet. <lb/>Cineris, o&longs;&longs;ium oliuarum partes tres, cal­<lb/>cis viuæ vnam, aluminis liquidi partem <lb/>mediam & quartam, aqùæ partes 120. fer­<lb/>ueant & coquantur, donec dimidium fermè <pb pagenum="401"/>decre&longs;cat: huius po&longs;tmodum aquæ percolat&ecedil;, <lb/>libræ duæ vel quatuor halinitro dum cogi­<lb/>tur aqua feruente adduntur, eo tempore quo <lb/>vehementi æ&longs;tu &longs;puma è cacabo exilire vi­<lb/>detur. </s> <s>Alius nobilior modus, &longs;ed damno&longs;ior. <lb/>Va&longs;e ferreo halinitrum excipitur, va&longs;a fer­<lb/>reo etiam tegitur: admotis prunis adeò tor­<lb/>retur, donec lique&longs;cat: &longs;i non perfectè liqua­<lb/>tum fuerit, quod deprehenditur &longs;emoto teg­<lb/>mine adhuc repo&longs;ito tandin ignibus vrgea­<lb/>tur, donec lique&longs;cat perfectè: pò&longs;t tenui&longs;&longs;imo <lb/>&longs;ulphuris pulueris in&longs;pergatur, qui &longs;i non <lb/>&longs;pontè accenditur, accendatur. </s> <s>Permittatur <lb/>igitur quidquid e&longs;t pingue exurere, hoc enim <lb/>&longs;upernatat: inde amotum ab igne, fæce terrea <lb/>in fundo relicta, totum cogitur in candidi <lb/>marmoris &longs;peciem. </s> <s>Palam igitur e&longs;t, quic­<lb/>quid pingue e&longs;t, celeri v&longs;tioni re&longs;i&longs;tere: bitu­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg210"></arrow.to.target><lb/>men &longs;alis aliquid continet, ob id magis &longs;uc­<lb/>cutit quam &longs;ulphur purum. </s> <s>Succu&longs;&longs;io omnis <lb/>aliquid habet maius &longs;implici ictu, vnde fit <lb/>vt quæ tremulo ictu percutiuntur, faciliùs <lb/>frangantur. </s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg208"></margin.target>Cur halini­<lb/>trum maio­<lb/>rem &longs;trepitum <lb/>&longs;ulphuræ fa­<lb/>cit.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg209"></margin.target>Halinitrire. <lb/>purgatio.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg210"></margin.target>Tremuli mo­<lb/>tus effectus.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Iam primum hoc experimenta docent. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nã">Nam</expan> <lb/>&longs;i gladium per&longs;ico infigas, & illud &longs;u&longs;pendas <lb/>manu, <expan abbr="baculóq;">baculóque</expan> percutias gladium, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> &longs;olùm <lb/>per&longs;icum, &longs;ed & nucleum leui ictu diuides: <lb/>hoc enim &longs;æpius expertus &longs;um. </s> <s>Quinetiam fe­<lb/>runt, crure bouis (o&longs;&longs;e &longs;cilicet) paleæ cumulo <lb/>&longs;uperimpo&longs;ito: inde o&longs;&longs;i &longs;uperpo&longs;ita &longs;ecuri: <lb/>icta &longs;ecuri fa&longs;ciculo paleæ os ip&longs;um confrin­<lb/>gi: quod verum e&longs;&longs;e et&longs;i mirum &longs;it, con&longs;tat <lb/>tamen tremulo ictu validi&longs;&longs;imam vim ine&longs;&longs;e. <lb/>Quærendum igitur quam ob cau&longs;am Ratio, <lb/>vt mihi videtur, altera harum e&longs;t, vel ambæ. <lb/>Prima, quod &longs;i tabulæ &longs;olidæ &longs;uper&longs;tet quod <lb/>percutitur, re&longs;i&longs;tente tabula den&longs;ius redditur <lb/>quod percutitur, & pars ip&longs;a quæ ictum ex­<lb/>cipit: quare ictui minimè cedit, den&longs;um enim <lb/>quò den&longs;ius e&longs;t, eò difficilius diuiditur: at &longs;i <lb/>molli &longs;trato, vt lectulo, aut paleæ, aut nulli rei <lb/>penitus <expan abbr="incũbat">incumbat</expan>, non den&longs;ari pote&longs;t, &longs;ed de­<lb/>hi&longs;cit <expan abbr="atq;">atque</expan> fati&longs;cit. </s> <s>Ob hoc quæ &longs;icca &longs;unt, &longs;ic <lb/>faciliùs diuiduntur. </s> <s>Cau&longs;a alia e&longs;t, quòd in <lb/>tremulo ictu redit quod percutitur, nondum <lb/>finito priore ictu: quare &longs;i redire debet altero <lb/>ictu <expan abbr="man&etilde;te">manente</expan>, quod percutitur omninò diuidi <lb/>nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t. </s> <s>Ob id &longs;i longus &longs;it gladius, vehe­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg211"></arrow.to.target><lb/><expan abbr="m&etilde;tius">mentius</expan> repercutitur & <expan abbr="cõgeminabitur">congeminabitur</expan> ictus, <lb/>quare faciliùs diuidetur. </s> <s>Quòd &longs;i latior &longs;it <lb/>gladius artificiosè formatus, & ictus in extre­<lb/>mo, vehementer repercutietur, quia multum <lb/>excipit aëre, ideóque duri&longs;&longs;ima diuidet. </s> <s>Alia <lb/>ratione barbari gladios incuruos fingunt, in <lb/>quorum dor&longs;o cauitas e&longs;t, in quam argentum <lb/>viuum imponunt, quod dum iuxta capulum <lb/>&longs;ub&longs;idet, leui&longs;&longs;imum en&longs;em reddit: cum <expan abbr="de&longs;-c&etilde;dit">de&longs;­<lb/>cendit</expan>, grauitate ac celeritate adeò ictus adau­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg212"></arrow.to.target><lb/>get, vt &longs;i acies firma &longs;it, arma diuidat. </s> <s>Neque <lb/>hoc cn&longs;is genere, &longs;i modò robur vtenti ad&longs;it, <lb/>& chalybs durus ac tenax, violentius quic­<lb/>quam ad hominum v&longs;um pote&longs;t excogitari. <lb/>Inde &longs;erræ ratio deducta. </s> <s>Fit hæc, vt <expan abbr="cuiq;">cuique</expan> no­<lb/>tum e&longs;t, alternatis dentibus. </s> <s>Diuidit <expan abbr="aut&etilde;">autem</expan> hac <lb/>ratione: <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> produci po&longs;&longs;unt <expan abbr="atq;">atque</expan> extendi quæ­<lb/>cunque rationem cognitam habent. </s> <s>In illa <lb/>igitur partes duæ &longs;unt, inanis & &longs;olida. </s> <s>Solida <lb/>inflecti &longs;olet. </s> <s>Duo igitur dubitatione digna <lb/>videntur: alterum, cur inane impetum addat: <lb/>reliquum, cur obliquitas ad celeritatem &longs;cin­<lb/>dendi multum conferat. </s> <s>Inde videbimus, cur <lb/>& quam longiores & tenuiores dentes, ac ra­<lb/>riores fiant: <expan abbr="quandoq;">quandoque</expan> autem cra&longs;&longs;iores, &longs;pi&longs;­<lb/>&longs;iores, & breuiores, vt in lima: nam lima e&longs;t <lb/>&longs;erra, breuibus frequentibus & obtu&longs;ioribus <lb/>dentibus prædita: vt &longs;erra lima e&longs;t, longis, ra­<lb/>ris & acutis dentibus elaborata. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq;">Atque</expan> in vtro­<lb/>que genere e&longs;t di&longs;crimen: nam &longs;erra &longs;erra e&longs;t <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg213"></arrow.to.target><lb/>rarior & acutior, & lima lima dentes habet <lb/>magis obtu&longs;os, frequentiores & breuiores. <lb/>Simul etiam illud con&longs;iderandum, an hæc &longs;e <lb/>con&longs;equantur, &longs;cilicet gratia exempli, breues <lb/>& frequentes, & obtu&longs;i dentes, an verò alia <lb/>alium finem habeant. </s> <s>Videntur igitur <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> <lb/>inanitatis illius tria e&longs;&longs;e commoda Primum, <lb/>quòd impetum acquirat ca&longs;u: nam aër (vt do­<lb/>cuimus(motum cit & adiuuat: fit enim ca&longs;us <lb/>per inane, & impetus augetur. </s> <s>Secundum, <lb/>quòd ferrum refrigeretur. </s> <s>Nam ferrum &longs;i <lb/>vndique claudatur, incale&longs;cit, dum incale&longs;­<lb/>cit, molle redditur & flectitur, <expan abbr="vímq;">vímque</expan> totam <lb/>amittit. </s> <s>Tertium, quòd ea diui&longs;ione dentes <lb/>obliqui fieri po&longs;&longs;unt. </s> <s>Quòd &longs;i integrum ma­<lb/>neat, nec obliquitas illa admitti poterit: nec <lb/>&longs;i admittatur, ad <expan abbr="vsũ">vsum</expan> perduci: & &longs;i perducatur, <lb/>manere nequeat. </s> <s>Obliquitatis verò duo &longs;unt <lb/>commoda: alterum, vt &longs;cobi puteat exitus, re­<lb/>liquum vt dentes faciliùs diducantur latiore <lb/>&longs;ci&longs;&longs;ura. </s> <s>Nam &longs;i &longs;ci&longs;&longs;ura latior &longs;it ob dentium <lb/>magnitudinem, attamen difficulter &longs;erra mo­<lb/>uebitur, &longs;ci&longs;&longs;ura arctè dentes amplectente. <lb/>E&longs;t & aliud commodum, quòd non adeò &longs;er­<lb/>ra cale&longs;cat. </s> <s>Vbi igitur molle e&longs;t quod &longs;cindi­<lb/>tur, raris dentibus & acutis <expan abbr="longioribú&longs;q;">longioribú&longs;que</expan> ac <lb/>obliquis mult vtemur. </s> <s>Vbi prædurum <expan abbr="lignũ">lignum</expan>, <lb/>&longs;erra breues habebit dentes, <expan abbr="minú&longs;q;">minú&longs;que</expan> acutos <lb/>tum frequentiores & minus obliquos. </s> <s>Si ve­<lb/>rò ferrum &longs;ecare expediat, dentibus opus erit <lb/>cra&longs;&longs;ioribus ne rumpantur, <expan abbr="atq;">atque</expan> breuioribus <lb/>tum rectioribus. </s> <s>Sed quia tales exiguum opus <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg214"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ac &longs;erò perficiunt, frequentes efficimus. </s> <s>Et <lb/>hoc (vt dixi) genus &longs;erræ, lima vocatur. </s> <s>Magis <lb/>autem in chalybe hæc ob&longs;eruanda erunt. <lb/>Grauitas etiam in his magis nece&longs;&longs;aria e&longs;t. <lb/>Leuitas in &longs;erra, nam in ea celeritatem quæ­<lb/>rimus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quæcunq;">Quæcunque</expan> igitur rara, longa, acuta, <lb/>obliqua, leuia, in mollibus meliora. </s> <s>Tot igi­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg215"></arrow.to.target><lb/>tur <expan abbr="tantáq;">tantáque</expan> &longs;unt inanitatis & obliquitatis in <lb/>&longs;erris commoda. </s> <s>Sed in lima, cùm (vt dixi) <lb/>paruo labore ducatur, dentes &longs;ecundum lati­<lb/>tudinem multiplices fecerunt. </s> <s>Sæpius enim <lb/>repetitum e&longs;t, quæ breui finem a&longs;&longs;equuntur, <lb/>viribus maioribus indigere: quæ viribus in­<lb/>digent exiguis longius tempus expo&longs;cere. <lb/>Fiunt & in hoc genere limæ &longs;urdæ, quoniam <lb/>tenui&longs;&longs;imæ, & aqua &longs;eparationis imbuuntur. <lb/>Aqua &longs;ectionem iuuat, & &longs;trepitum minuit. <lb/>Verùm optimæ ex his forcipis formam refe­<lb/>runt: vix enim fieri pote&longs;t, vt quæ liberè &longs;u­<lb/>perducitur &longs;trepitum non edat. </s> <s>A&longs;tricta verò <lb/>hoc modo cum non &longs;ub&longs;iliat vel rodendo, vel <lb/>incidendo <expan abbr="ab&longs;q;">ab&longs;que</expan> &longs;trepitu &longs;ecat. </s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg211"></margin.target>Gladij ar­<lb/>ma diuiden­<lb/>tis con&longs;tru­<lb/>ctio.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg212"></margin.target><figure id="fig19"></figure></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg213"></margin.target>Serræ ratio</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg214"></margin.target>Limæ ratio.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg215"></margin.target><figure id="fig20"></figure></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Sed iam ad terræmotus &longs;igna redeo, <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg216"></arrow.to.target><lb/>quandoquidem cáu&longs;as & &longs;pecies explica&longs;­<lb/>&longs;e memini. </s> <s>Cum aquæ puteorum &longs;ulphur <lb/>metallicumve aliud quid redolent, aut titu­<lb/>bant, aut turbantur, aut incale&longs;cunt<gap/>aut &longs;ic­<lb/>cantur præter rationem, terræmotum im­<lb/>minere prænuntiat. </s> <s>Sic feruntur Ana­<lb/>ximander ac Pherecydes motum terræ <pb pagenum="402"/>imminentem &longs;uis qui&longs;que temporibus præ­<lb/>dixi&longs;&longs;e. </s> <s>Nec <expan abbr="ab&longs;q;">ab&longs;que</expan> ratione: nam halitus terræ <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg217"></arrow.to.target><lb/>facilius longè, atque ideo etiam celerius <lb/>aquas inficere po&longs;&longs;unt, quam tam immen­<lb/>&longs;um pondus concutere. </s> <s>Nec tamen totam <lb/>quati terram exi&longs;times: nam referunt, nun­<lb/>quam Ægyptum tremui&longs;&longs;e. </s> <s>Nam nec &longs;olida, <lb/>quod aërem non concipiant: nec limo&longs;a, <lb/>qualis Ægyptus, quòd armis careant: nec <lb/>areno&longs;a, quòd per&longs;pirent, terræmotu concu­<lb/>tiuntur tamen quædam ex his, quòd profun­<lb/>da terræ &longs;uperficiei non &longs;unt &longs;imilia. </s> <s>Ex ter­<lb/>ræ motibus montes quandoque fiunt: nan­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg218"></arrow.to.target><lb/>que illorum triplex origo: aut enim tumet <lb/>terra motibus crebris agitata, ac velut ve&longs;i­<lb/>cis è corpore na&longs;centibus montes parit, vt <lb/>iuxta Auernum lacum mons nomine Mo­<lb/>dernus in Campania: aut conge&longs;ta humo à <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg219"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ventis, vt &longs;æpe in Africa: aut, quod proprium <lb/>qua&longs;i e&longs;t ac frequenti&longs;&longs;imum, cum aquis cur­<lb/>rentibus, aut etiam mari terra demolitur, la­<lb/>pidibus relictis: nam aqua fluminis in val­<lb/>lem de&longs;cendit, & mons ip&longs;e lapideus exur­<lb/>git à valle, ideóque montes omnes qua&longs;i &longs;a­<lb/>xei &longs;unt. </s> <s>Illorum autem &longs;ublimitas à reliquo <lb/>&longs;olo e&longs;t, quoniam agri indies à pluuiis exe­<lb/>duntur, & terra ip&longs;a fati&longs;cit: lapides verò <lb/>præterquam quòd non fati&longs;cunt, etiam ple­<lb/>runque cre&longs;cunt, vt inferius o&longs;tendemus. </s> <s>Ve­<lb/>rùm valles aquis ac torrentibus excauantur, <lb/>atque ideo humiliores &longs;unt etiam agris ac <lb/>planis. <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg220"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg216"></margin.target>Terræmotus <lb/>&longs;igna.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg217"></margin.target>Quæ nun­<lb/>quam terræ­<lb/>motu infe­<lb/>&longs;tentur.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg218"></margin.target>Montes quo­<lb/>modo orian­<lb/>tur.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg219"></margin.target>Cur montes <lb/>ex lapidibus <lb/>con&longs;tent.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg220"></margin.target>Scopuli quo­<lb/>modo fiant. <lb/>In&longs;ularum <lb/>ortus.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>In mari verò &longs;copuli eadem ratione con­<lb/>&longs;tant: atque ex in&longs;ulis exe&longs;a terra à fluctibus <lb/>oriuntur: iidem accedente terra, aut intume&longs;­<lb/>cente, in in&longs;ulas euadunt. </s> <s>Ob id pleræque <lb/>in&longs;ulæ montibus abundant: quod &longs;i mare &longs;ic­<lb/>cetur, &longs;copuli in montes euadunt. </s> <s>Ob id ni­<lb/>hil mirum in montibus iuxta mare inueniri <lb/>nauium partes, & o&longs;trea, atque conchylia. </s></p><p type="main"> <s><arrow.to.target n="marg221"></arrow.to.target><lb/>Quid enim hoc aliud e&longs;t, quam montes illos <lb/>olim fui&longs;&longs;e maris &longs;copulos, aut aliquanto <lb/>inundationem aliquam grauem præce&longs;&longs;i&longs;&longs;e? <lb/>Et quanquam montes aquarum iniuriis &longs;æpè <lb/>re&longs;i&longs;tant, cadunt tamen quandoque, aqua il­<lb/>lorum radices erodiente: &longs;ed hoc rarum, ac <lb/>paruis montibus &longs;olum contingit: ruunt ta­<lb/>men terræmotu, & terra dehi&longs;cente, ob gra­<lb/>uitatem in ima de&longs;cendunt: alij mari &longs;en&longs;im <lb/>corripiuntur. </s> <s>Franguntur & ventis validis ac <lb/>frigoribus, vt non tutum &longs;it iuxta rupes & <lb/>&longs;ub eis e&longs;&longs;e. </s> <s>Colles etiam humana &longs;edulitas <lb/>quandoque æquat. </s> <s>Ferunt Annibalem Al­<lb/>pium iuga aceto calido di&longs;&longs;ipa&longs;&longs;e. </s> <s>Sed mini­<lb/>ma res hæc fuit, &longs;i ad montes re&longs;picimus: &longs;i <lb/>ad commodum, magna. </s> <s>Montibus qua&longs;i &longs;pe­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg222"></arrow.to.target><lb/>cus ip&longs;i opponuntur. </s> <s>Fiunt terræmotu in ari­<lb/>do facto dehi&longs;cente terra, item aquis per <lb/>montium occulta decurrentibus vnde in ali­<lb/>quibus flumina &longs;unt. </s> <s>Fiunt & exhalatione <lb/>ignea: quæ lapides tum vrit, tum excedit, <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg223"></arrow.to.target><lb/>tum expellit. </s> <s>Vnde plures &longs;pecus &longs;unt mor­<lb/>tiferum exhalantes, velut Plutonium os, <lb/>quod iuxta Hierapolim Phrygiæ in monto­<lb/>&longs;a quadam agri parte po&longs;itum e&longs;t. </s> <s>Os eius in <lb/>colle quodam &longs;itum, qui iugeri magnitudi­<lb/>nem æquat, &longs;eptí&longs;que cingitur quadratis: <lb/>quæ adeò terra calligine obducuntur, vt vix <lb/>cerni queant. </s> <s>Ip&longs;um os hominem capere po­<lb/>te&longs;t, in quod &longs;i taurus immittatur ilicóque <lb/>extrahatur, mortuus inuenitur. </s> <s>Cum Strabo <lb/>pa&longs;&longs;erculos immi&longs;i&longs;&longs;et, mortuos &longs;tatim ex­<lb/>traxit. </s> <s>Solis Magnæ matris &longs;acerdotibus, <lb/>quòd remedio ip&longs;is duntaxat cognito vte­<lb/>rentur, innoxius: nec aërem dum in&longs;picerent, <lb/>in&longs;pirant hi. </s> <s>Quidam quod erecti e&longs;&longs;ent, to­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg224"></arrow.to.target><lb/>lerare po&longs;&longs;e crediderunt &longs;acerdotes. </s> <s>Sunt ta­<lb/>men aduer&longs;us hanc iniuriam & auxilia & <lb/>cautiones. </s> <s>Nam &longs;i <emph type="italics"/>(<emph.end type="italics"/> vt &longs;uperius diximus) fla­<lb/>bella adhibeantur, duplici commodo nos af­<lb/>ficiet. </s> <s>Primum, quòd aërem à vaporibus mo­<lb/>tu ip&longs;o repurgabunt. </s> <s>Secundum, quòd faces <lb/>ardere cogent, nec permittent extingui: qui­<lb/>bus nullus e&longs;t aër tam noxius, qui non repur­<lb/>getur. </s> <s>Cautio autem e&longs;t, quoniam cum faces <lb/>ab&longs;que vento extinguuntur, &longs;atius e&longs;t non <lb/>ingredi: extialis enim loci hoc firmi&longs;&longs;imum <lb/>e&longs;t &longs;ignum. </s> <s>Sed nullibi plures tales &longs;pecus <lb/>quam in Italia inueniuntur. </s> <s>Vnus inter Nea­<lb/>polim & Puteolos, vbi via ad paludem Agna­<lb/>ni inflectitur. </s> <s>Lædunt hi caput maximè, tum <lb/>quia imbecillius &longs;it corde, tum quia &longs;epto <lb/>careat quod arcet prauos vapores: nam pul­<lb/>monis &longs;ub&longs;tantiam tran&longs;ire cogitur aër qui <lb/>coringreditur O&longs;tendit autem hoc & mor­<lb/>borum genus: nam quia immittuntur, prius <lb/>tremunt, inde <expan abbr="&longs;&etilde;n&longs;um">&longs;enn&longs;um</expan> & motum amittunt, <lb/>pò&longs;t attoniti expirant, & qui eua&longs;erint tu­<lb/>ment, tument etiam qui moriuntur. </s> <s>Nec &longs;o­<lb/>lum pe&longs;tiferi &longs;unt &longs;pecus, &longs;ed quidam etiam <lb/>&longs;alutares, quibus &longs;i quis rectè vtatur, ad de­<lb/>ploratos morbos viam mudelæ quandoque <lb/>inuenire poterit, vt in Baianis, Cumaní&longs;que <lb/>montibus Salueatæ &longs;udarium, in monte quod <lb/>vulgus vocat Tritulum. </s> <s>Sunt & qui fatidi­<lb/>cum in&longs;pirent, vt olim de Delphico &longs;crip&longs;i&longs;­<lb/>&longs;e ex &longs;ententia Philo&longs;ophorum meminimus. <lb/>In vniuer&longs;um plerunque &longs;pecuum vis huma­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg225"></arrow.to.target><lb/>no generi aduer&longs;atur, & veneni vicem po&longs;&longs;i­<lb/>det. </s> <s>Nam que &longs;i halitus ille lapides & duri&longs;&longs;i­<lb/>ma &longs;axa exedere potuit, quam vim in mor­<lb/>tales ip&longs;os obtinebit? </s> <s>Indicium tamen &longs;ecuri­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg226"></arrow.to.target><lb/>tatis e&longs;t, <expan abbr="aquarũ">aquarum</expan> dulcium ac &longs;alutarium per <lb/>illos decur&longs;us, herbarúmque ac arborum fa­<lb/>miliarium in labro luxuria. </s> <s>Sed hi quoque <lb/>ferarum & &longs;erpentum &longs;unt ho&longs;pitia. </s> <s>Præfer­<lb/>tur omnium con&longs;en&longs;u Corycium antrum, <lb/>magnitudine primò, inde commoditate: nam <lb/>ad illud muli onu&longs;ti perueniunt: vmbra den­<lb/>&longs;i&longs;&longs;ima, aquis irtiguum, amœnitate &longs;ingula­<lb/>ri, vt quòd perpetuò vireat. </s> <s>Iuxta id na&longs;ci­<lb/>tur crocus toto orbe celeberrimus. </s> <s>In Cilicia <lb/>e&longs;t iuxta Corycum oppidum. </s> <s>Videntur au­<lb/>tem &longs;pecus amœni&longs;&longs;ini e&longs;&longs;e, vmbra, aura, <lb/>fontibus, rece&longs;&longs;u, viriditate: hic cùm inter <lb/>alios amœni&longs;&longs;imus &longs;it, totius orbis partem <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg227"></arrow.to.target><lb/>eleganti&longs;&longs;imam e&longs;&longs;e con&longs;tat. </s> <s>Sub innoxiis <lb/>&longs;pecubus atque profundis quid iaceat, for&longs;i­<lb/>tan qui&longs;piam &longs;cire cupiat. </s> <s>Referunt Philip­<lb/>pum olim regem, cùm metallica magni pretij <lb/>quæ iam de&longs;ierant, quæri iu&longs;&longs;i&longs;&longs;et diligenter, <lb/>immi&longs;&longs;is per montis aditum hominibus, cum <lb/>cibo atque luminibus, renuncia&longs;&longs;e inuenta <lb/>ibi flumina, tum aquarum &longs;tantium lacus, <lb/>qui terra non premerentur, &longs;ed aëre caligi­<lb/>no&longs;o atque ob&longs;curo. </s> <s>Atque eadem fermè e&longs;t <lb/>&longs;ententia Ioannis Leonis geographi. </s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg221"></margin.target>Montes quo­<lb/>modo orian­<lb/>tur.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg222"></margin.target>Specus cau­<lb/>&longs;æ.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg223"></margin.target>Specus vi­<lb/>res.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg224"></margin.target>Specus in­<lb/>trantib. </s> <s>præ­<lb/>&longs;idia aduer­<lb/>&longs;us aërem.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg225"></margin.target>Specuum co­<lb/>gnitio.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg226"></margin.target>Antrum Go­<lb/>rycium.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg227"></margin.target>Quid &longs;ub <lb/>terra.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Sed quid ego ima nunc atque abdita &longs;cru­<lb/>tor? </s> <s>locus dabitur in quo hæc tractare con­<lb/>ueniet, nunc quæ toti propria &longs;unt con&longs;i-<pb pagenum="403"/>deremus. </s> <s>Terra toto &longs;tabilis e&longs;t, rotunda at­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg228"></arrow.to.target><lb/>que in medio mundi: hæc autem à Mathe­<lb/>maticis demon&longs;trantur. </s> <s>Nec enim plus tota <lb/>terra loco moueri pote&longs;t, quam cœlum quie&longs;­<lb/>cere: nec montes terræ rotunditatem vllo mo­<lb/>do vitiant. </s> <s>Nam nullus mons, et&longs;i multa &longs;cri­<lb/>ptores fabulentur, totius dimentientis terræ <lb/>mille&longs;imam partem altitudine &longs;ua obtinet. </s> <s>Sic <lb/><expan abbr="aut&etilde;">autem</expan> Mathematici terræ totius <expan abbr="ambitũ">ambitum</expan> ac di­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg229"></arrow.to.target><lb/><expan abbr="metient&etilde;">metientem</expan> <expan abbr="inuenerũt">inuenerunt</expan>. </s> <s>Vel enim per Lunæ <expan abbr="defe-ctushorarũ">defe­<lb/>ctushorarum</expan> diftantiam in eodem circulo æqui­<lb/>noctiali æquidi&longs;tanti <expan abbr="cognouerũt">cognouerunt</expan>: qua habita <lb/>terreno itinere differentiam locorum &longs;unt a&longs;­<lb/>&longs;ecuti: eam per horas 24. vnius diei multi­<lb/>plicando, & per horas di&longs;tantiæ defectus lu­<lb/>naris diuidendo, ambitum circuli illius inue­<lb/>nerunt: inde demon&longs;tratione Geometrica am­<lb/>bitum æquinoctij circuli, maximíque ac to­<lb/>tius terræ, quem per &longs;eptem multiplicando, <lb/>& per 22. diuidendo, dimetientem terræ &longs;a­<lb/>tis exqui&longs;ita ratione &longs;unt con&longs;ecuti. </s> <s>Vel pro­<lb/>cedendo ab au&longs;tro rectà ad boream, altitudi­<lb/>nem poli vna parte auxerunt. </s> <s>Metiti autem <lb/>viam 2000. pa&longs;&longs;. </s> <s>87. ac 500. inuenêre Italica. <lb/>His enim nunc di&longs;tantias locorum metimur, <lb/>non pa&longs;&longs;ibus Ptolomæi. </s> <s>Ergo ducti 87000. <lb/>pa&longs;&longs;uum & 500. per partes cœli 360. nam in <lb/>totidem diuiditur, pa&longs;&longs;. </s> <s>1000. habebimus <lb/>31000. & 500. in&longs;uper. </s> <s>Terræ totius ambi­<lb/>tum hunc &longs;i per &longs;eptem multiplicamus, & <lb/>per 22. diui&longs;erimus, erit terræ dimetientis <lb/>pa&longs;&longs;. </s> <s>MXMXXII. </s> <s>Sed in his velle ad amu&longs;­<lb/>&longs;im certam quærere &longs;ubductis 22. e&longs;&longs;e 1000. <lb/>pa&longs;&longs;. </s> <s>decies mille. </s> <s>At qui nauigant multis er­<lb/>roribus acti, &longs;inuo&longs;umque non rectum agen­<lb/>tes iter etiam &longs;pontè, tum incerto ventorum <lb/>impetu decepti, multò maiorem ambitum <lb/>terræ &longs;crip&longs;erunt. </s> <s>Sed hæc ratio vt veri&longs;&longs;ima <lb/>e&longs;t, ita etiam maximè certo con&longs;entit experi­<lb/>mento: iuuitque multum. </s> <s>Hi&longs;panos, qui cum <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg230"></arrow.to.target><lb/>tam diuturnum iter ac longum terræ magni­<lb/>tudini repugnare intelligerent, diligenti ra­<lb/>tione metiti errorem, illud fermè ad tertiam <lb/>partem tum &longs;patij, tum temporis contra­<lb/>xêre. <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg231"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg228"></margin.target>Terræ toti <lb/>quæ propria.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg229"></margin.target>Terræ totius <lb/>ambitus.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg230"></margin.target>Scire verita­<lb/>tem quan­<lb/>tum pro&longs;it.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg231"></margin.target>Terrarum <lb/>genera.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Atque hæc &longs;unt &longs;ubtilitatis beneficia. </s> <s>Ip&longs;a <lb/>verò terra non vnius generis e&longs;&longs;e videtur <lb/>quamobrem Ari&longs;toteles rectè in duo diui&longs;it: <lb/>primò <foreign lang="greek">o)rukta/ ki\ metall enta\</foreign>, id e&longs;t, fo&longs;&longs;ilem <lb/>ac tran&longs;mutabilem. </s> <s>Fo&longs;&longs;ilis eadem manet, & <lb/>verè terra e&longs;t. </s> <s>Tran&longs;mutabilis &longs;pecie &longs;olum <lb/>& vi&longs;u: nam ea in metalla, vel &longs;uccos, aut <lb/>alia eiu&longs;cemodi tran&longs;it: de hac &longs;uo loco dice­<lb/>mus. </s> <s>Veræ autem terræ &longs;pecies duæ: altera <lb/>quidem &longs;yncera: pullo colori hæc e&longs;t, aut ei <lb/>proximo: altera quam non e&longs;t &longs;yncera, nec <lb/>tamen quicquam continet meta licum, alte­</s></p><p type="main"> <s><arrow.to.target n="marg232"></arrow.to.target><lb/>rius e&longs;t coloris. </s> <s>Omnis enim terra quæ alie­<lb/>no colore prædita e&longs;t, exhalatione permutata <lb/>fuit, iuxta Ari&longs;totelis &longs;ententiam. </s> <s>At Theo­<lb/>phra&longs;tus putat caloris varietatem e&longs;&longs;e. </s> <s>Sed <lb/>vtrumque verum e&longs;t: nam modò &longs;ub ea me­<lb/>tallica inueniuntur, & hæc exhalatione tin­<lb/>gitur: modò nihil, & hæc à &longs;olo calore: Ve­<lb/>rum quæ ab exhalatione tingitur, qua&longs;i &longs;plen­<lb/>det: quæ &longs;olo calore, non &longs;plendet, & calo­<lb/>rem habet ob&longs;curum, aut ferreum, aut ni­<lb/>grum. </s> <s>Terræ etenim colores totidem &longs;unt, <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg233"></arrow.to.target><lb/>quot colorum genera: <foreign lang="greek">w)xra\</foreign> quæ candida e&longs;t: <lb/>alia lutea, vt argillæ quoddam genus à Lati­<lb/>nis Sil vocatum: viridis vt chry&longs;ocolla, ru­<lb/>bea vt &longs;andaracha, cærulea vt <foreign lang="greek">ku/anos</foreign>: nigra vt <lb/>pnigitis, quæ metalli nihil continet: & quan­<lb/>quam alia exemplo metallicorum declaratæ <lb/>&longs;int, non tamen de his intelligimus, quando­<lb/>quidem &longs;ynceræ à metallis inueniantur, quæ <lb/>hos colores exqui&longs;iti&longs;&longs;imè referunt. </s> <s>Sunt & <lb/>terræ croceæ ( vt dixi ) & pullæ, & quæ tin­<lb/>guntur, vt Erethria æri confricata, fit viola­<lb/>cea. </s> <s>Strato Lamp&longs;acenus albam terram cine­<lb/>ris argumento exi&longs;timabat. </s> <s>Sunt qui Ari&longs;to­<lb/>teli tribuant, quòd terram nullius e&longs;&longs;e coloris <lb/>exi&longs;timauerit. </s> <s>Nos hîc doctrinam trad mus <lb/>quæ &longs;en&longs;uum confirmatur te&longs;timonio, has nu­<lb/>gas nihil curantes: atque ideo pullam dixi­<lb/>mus, quòd &longs;yncera plerunque talis &longs;it: & quæ <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg234"></arrow.to.target><lb/>talis e&longs;t, plerunque etiam &longs;it optima. </s> <s>Optima <lb/>igitur terra non &longs;emper vnius e&longs;t coloris, <lb/>quanquam ( vt dixi) pulla &longs;it plerunque: ve­<lb/>rùm & quædam nigra optima e&longs;t, argillofa <lb/>qua&longs;i & quæ nulla labe corrupta. </s> <s>Labes &longs;unt, <lb/>arida, &longs;cabra, exe&longs;a, cane&longs;cens, pumico&longs;a, fi­<lb/>&longs;tulo&longs;a. </s> <s>Sterilis e&longs;t & in qua herbæ nudis fpi­<lb/>nis longis & acutis, aut geni&longs;tæ, aut erica <lb/>na&longs;cuntur: hæc autem &longs;i quid aliud improbi­<lb/>tatis &longs;oli certum e&longs;t indicium. </s> <s>Nec &longs;olùm hæc <lb/>&longs;ed cùm frequens e&longs;t genus vnum herbæ quod <lb/>in pratis non vides, &longs;ed tantum locis incultis <lb/>& aridis. </s> <s>Quæ igitur tenui&longs;&longs;ima e&longs;t, argillo­<lb/>&longs;a, mollis, aquas optimè &longs;u<gap/>cipiens, ac colo­<lb/>res reddens, quæ vitiis caret, quæ cum &longs;ic­<lb/>catur, imbréque in&longs;pergitur, odorem emittit <lb/>&longs;uaui&longs;&longs;imum, ea optima arboribus ac frugi­<lb/>bus erit. </s> <s>Sed cur hæc terra bene olet po&longs;t lon­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg235"></arrow.to.target><lb/>gas &longs;iccitates imbre madefacta tenui? </s> <s>Id pror­<lb/>&longs;us accidit, quoniam per &longs;iccitates humor <lb/>modicus qui in terra continetur, à moderato <lb/>calore ac naturali concoquitur, inde imbre <lb/>&longs;uperuenie nte mi&longs;cetur aquæ atque exhalat, <lb/>atque ideo fragrat optimè, quòd etiam opti­<lb/>mè concoctum e&longs;t: igitur odoris &longs;uauitas <lb/>temperati caloris, atque ideo feracitatis ma­<lb/>ximæ indicium e&longs;t. </s> <s>Licet & ab opere ip&longs;o fa­<lb/>cilè coniectari: nam cùm in ea herbæ atque <lb/>arbores luxuriant, maximè quæ pingue &longs;olum <lb/>expo&longs;cunt, certum &longs;oli bonitatis argumentum <lb/>habes. </s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg232"></margin.target>Cau&longs;æ varie­<lb/>tatis calo­<lb/>rum terræ.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg233"></margin.target>Terræ colo­<lb/>res.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg234"></margin.target>Terra opti­<lb/>ma.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg235"></margin.target>Cur terræ <lb/>optima im­<lb/>bre con&longs;per&longs;a <lb/>bene olet.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>At terræ ex &longs;ub&longs;tantia triplex e&longs;t genus, <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg236"></arrow.to.target><lb/>cra&longs;&longs;um, & vocatur arena: tenue, & e&longs;t ar­<lb/>gillaceum: & mediocre, quòd commune e&longs;t. <lb/>En iam vides etiam in ip&longs;is terris &longs;ubtilitatis <lb/>præ&longs;tantiam: nam vt arena &longs;terilis e&longs;t, ita <lb/>etiam omni fermè operi figulino inepta: at <lb/>argilla & fœcunda plantis, & figulis apti&longs;&longs;i­<lb/>ma e&longs;t. </s> <s>Argillo&longs;a etenim quæcunque trifo­<lb/>lium fert optima, quæ gramen, proxima pro <lb/>pa&longs;cuis. </s> <s>Quæ rutam caprariam, frugefera e&longs;t: <lb/>quæ vitem bene alit, optima e&longs;t omnibus ar­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg237"></arrow.to.target><lb/>boribus tamet&longs;i olea vitem refugiat. </s> <s>Cùm <lb/>igitur terra alia frugibus alia pa&longs;cuis, alia ar­<lb/>boribus maximè apta &longs;it, vnumquodque ge­<lb/>nus à proprio &longs;igno cogno&longs;ces. </s> <s>Verum in lo­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg238"></arrow.to.target><lb/>cis vbi medica prouenit, nullum e&longs;t pro pa&longs;­<lb/>cuis certius &longs;ignum illius herbæ copia. </s> <s>Ex ar­<lb/>gillaceo etiam genere fuit terra illa candida, <lb/>quam Ta&longs;conium olim vocabant, ex qua in <lb/>montium iugis &longs;peculas faciebant in Hi&longs;pa­<lb/>nia, & nunc ( vt Georgius Agricola medicus, <lb/>vir in&longs;ignis refert) apud Coruerium Saxoniæ <lb/>oppidum turris: nam ea &longs;ecurios e&longs;t ignibus, <pb pagenum="404"/>ventis, imbribus quam quæ cæmento & la­<lb/>pidibus con&longs;tat: à ventis ob grauitatem tuta <lb/>e&longs;t: ab ignibus magis dure&longs;cit: ab aquis, quòd <lb/>non recipiat, tuta e&longs;t. </s> <s>Pinguem ac prætenuem <lb/>& den&longs;am eam e&longs;&longs;e oportet, atque ob id <lb/>etiam raram. </s> <s>Quædam etiam frigore tenuior <lb/>redditur, vt Go&longs;&longs;elaria, quæ cùm in fru&longs;tis &longs;it, <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg239"></arrow.to.target><lb/>frigore fit minuti&longs;&longs;ima. </s> <s>Arena verò trium e&longs;t <lb/>generum, fluuiatilis, marina, & fo&longs;&longs;itia. </s> <s>Sed <lb/>& in hac &longs;ubtilitas non paruum di&longs;crimen af­<lb/>fert: quæ enim tenui&longs;&longs;ima fuerit, cæmenta fa­<lb/>cit ad æterna murorum fundamenta, modò <lb/>pura &longs;it tam parua &longs;ubtilitate vita &longs;tructuris <lb/>multis &longs;eculis aut adiicitur, aut perit: melior <lb/>tamen fluuiatilis, &longs;it nulla arte iuuetur, quod <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg240"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;al&longs;edine careat, & purior &longs;it fo&longs;&longs;itia. </s> <s>Sunt & <lb/>terrarum di&longs;crimina ab v&longs;ibus vt communis, <lb/>quæ probatur ab agricolis, à figulis argilla, à <lb/>lignariis fabris rubrica, fullonibus cimolia, <lb/>pictoribus cærulea, Lemnia medicis, argen­<lb/>taria fabris argentariis. </s> <s>Hæc omnia aquis & <lb/>calore variantur & perficiuntur. </s> <s>Vnde nihil <lb/>melius e&longs;t quàm terras habere irriguas, nam in <lb/>omne frugum, arborum, & herbarum genus <lb/>luxuriant. <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg241"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg236"></margin.target>Terræ &longs;pecie <lb/>à &longs;ub&longs;tantia</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg237"></margin.target>Signa cogno­<lb/>&longs;cendæ terræ.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg238"></margin.target>Muri è ter­<lb/>ra.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg239"></margin.target>Arenæ gene­<lb/>ra.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg240"></margin.target>Terræ &longs;pe­<lb/>cies ab v&longs;u.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg241"></margin.target>Quomodo <lb/>terra aquis <lb/>&longs;uperemi­<lb/>neant, <expan abbr="&longs;ept&etilde;">&longs;eptem</expan> <lb/>opiniones.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Sed quomodo terræ aquis &longs;upereminere <lb/>po&longs;&longs;int rectè dubitatum e&longs;t. </s> <s>Dixêre nonnulli, <lb/>quoniam Deo id placuit. </s> <s>Hi magis vitupe­<lb/>rant, quòd rationem inuenire nequiuerit, <lb/>quam Deum laudent, quod ab&longs;que ratione po­<lb/>tuerit. </s> <s>Qui dicunt hoc animalium cau&longs;a fa­<lb/>ctum e&longs;&longs;e, finem quidem docent cur factum <lb/>&longs;it: &longs;ed ad a&longs;&longs;equendum finem aliis opus e&longs;t <lb/>cau&longs;is, quas illi minimè docent. </s> <s>Sunt qui di­<lb/>cant à &longs;ideribus ip&longs;am &longs;u&longs;tineri: primum hoc <lb/>violentum e&longs;t: deinde &longs;ydera fixa & immobi­<lb/>lia fui&longs;&longs;e oportuit, atque (quod maius e&longs;t è re­<lb/>gione oppo&longs;ita, vt quædam &longs;ub arctico Euro­<lb/>pam, alia &longs;ub au&longs;tro Bra&longs;iliam, quæ Europæ <lb/>opponitur, &longs;u&longs;tinerent. </s> <s>Si duo &longs;tatuas centra, <lb/>alterum aquæ, alterum terræ: primum, alte­<lb/>rum aliud erit à mundi centro: duóque gra­<lb/>uitatis media, nec poterunt ex oppo&longs;iti re­<lb/>gionibus partes terræ prominere, cùm tamen <lb/>promineant, vt Bra&longs;ilia & Europa: nec erunt <lb/>Antipodes. </s> <s>Qui volunt terram ab aëre &longs;u&longs;ti­<lb/>neri in &longs;peciebus conclu&longs;o, violenter vtrum­<lb/>que &longs;tatuat, & terram in &longs;ublimi aëre &longs;u&longs;ten­<lb/>tatam, & aërem vi in &longs;pecubus retentum: <lb/>oportet etiam ingentes e&longs;&longs;e &longs;pecus, qui <expan abbr="A&longs;iã">A&longs;iam</expan>, <lb/>Africam, & Europam, Bra&longs;iliam, tótque in­<lb/>&longs;ulas &longs;u&longs;tinerent, & &longs;i rectè con&longs;iderant, tota <lb/>terra &longs;pecus vnus erit, mirúmque nec mini­<lb/>mo hiatu patêre tantum molem, vt &longs;i pateat, <lb/>orbis corruat vniuer&longs;us: nec in illum pul&longs;o <lb/>aëre tantam aquarum molem de&longs;cendere. </s> <s>Ari­<lb/>&longs;toteles in Meteoris cen&longs;et, ob polum, quod <lb/>altior ibi &longs;it terra, aquam non admittere. </s> <s>Sed <lb/>non &longs;ic terra rotunda foret, nec &longs;ub æquino­<lb/>ctiali terra, nec altitudo illa comparationem <lb/>haberet ad differentiam loci terræ & aquæ. <lb/>Finge, enim quod haud verum e&longs;&longs;e pote&longs;t, ter­<lb/>ram M. milibus pa&longs;&longs;uum altiorem e&longs;&longs;e, &longs;i lo­<lb/>cus aquæ circa terram &longs;it, i&longs;que pro magnitu­<lb/>dinis ratione terra altior bis mille pa&longs;&longs;ibus <lb/>adhuc &longs;ub arctico ip&longs;o, terra erit &longs;ub aquis <lb/>M. millibus pa&longs;&longs;. </s> <s>multóque magis vbique lo­<lb/>corum aliorum. </s> <s>Putet me plus ob viri auto­<lb/>ritatem illum hæc dixi&longs;&longs;e, quam reprehen&longs;io­<lb/>nis, in quam veritatis amore me tractum vi <lb/>omnes intelligunt. </s> <s>Igitur hoc verum non e&longs;t, <lb/>aquam adeò magnam e&longs;&longs;e, nec totius terræ <lb/>partem e&longs;&longs;e notatu dignam: quia tamen ob <lb/>leuitatem terræ &longs;uper&longs;tat parua aqua, quicquid <lb/>e&longs;t humile ac inæquale in terræ &longs;uperficie <lb/>complet. </s> <s>Hacque ratione dum tot maria fa­<lb/>cit, ampli&longs;&longs;imumque oceanum tot flumina, <lb/>maior terra exi&longs;timata e&longs;t. </s> <s>Quòd &longs;i ad ambi­<lb/>tum &longs;olum re&longs;piciamus, for&longs;an res vera e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>po&longs;&longs;et: at cùm ad profunditatem, nullam ha­<lb/>bet comparationem. </s> <s>Indicio e&longs;t, quod nullibi <lb/>præterquam in gurgitibus aqua maris pro­<lb/>funditatem habet effatu dignam, &longs;ed alibi pa&longs;­<lb/>&longs;us 1000. aut 500. aut 200. vel 300. quæ al­<lb/>titudo &longs;i ad terræ magnitudinem comparetur, <lb/>e&longs;t vt &longs;udoris ad hominem. </s> <s>In gurgitibus ali­<lb/>quanto profundior e&longs;t aqua, quòd par &longs;it lo­<lb/>cum eum potius aqua quam leui&longs;&longs;imo aëre <lb/>compleri. </s> <s>Solida igitur e&longs;t &longs;ubtus terra, in <lb/>parte modicum aquæ ob cauitatem infu&longs;um <lb/>&longs;it: alicubi parum aëris, non multum, paucis <lb/>annis, non perpetuò, continetur. </s> <s>Quòd &longs;i <lb/>aqua elementum e&longs;&longs;et ac adeò grande, opor. <lb/>teret vt etiam in terra, &longs;ic maximam maris <lb/>partem fundo carere. </s> <s>Nam certum e&longs;t, &longs;i <lb/>pro 1000. pa&longs;&longs;. </s> <s>1000. pa&longs;&longs;uum millia obtine­<lb/>ret, aut duplum huius quod par e&longs;&longs;et magni­<lb/>tudinem, &longs;i tantam quantam exi&longs;timant ha­<lb/>beret, nullum fundi ve&longs;tigium &longs;uperfuturum. <lb/>Quòd cùm vbique præter quam in gurgitibus <lb/>(vt dixi ) appareat: gurges autem omnis an­<lb/>gu&longs;tus &longs;it manife&longs;tum e&longs;t aquæ elementum <lb/>non admodum magnum e&longs;&longs;e. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Itaque tria elementa &longs;unt, quorum leui&longs;&longs;i­</s></p><p type="main"> <s><arrow.to.target n="marg242"></arrow.to.target><lb/>mum & maximum aër, proximum magnitu­<lb/>dine terra, ambo hæc per &longs;e nece&longs;&longs;aria: quo­<lb/>rum aër in &longs;ublimi, terra in imo: minimum <lb/>ac qua&longs;i non nece&longs;&longs;arium aqua in medio ho­<lb/>rum. </s> <s>Nam &longs;i homines &longs;ine cibo viuere po&longs;­<lb/>&longs;ent, vt gratia exempli lapides, aqua non <lb/>e&longs;&longs;et nece&longs;&longs;aria. </s> <s>Verùm quia non &longs;olùm vi­<lb/>uere, &longs;ed ali ac generari, cre&longs;ceréque nece&longs;­<lb/>&longs;arium fuit, aqua creata e&longs;t. </s> <s>Cùm igitur lo­<lb/>cus aquæ capacior &longs;it elemento aquæ, e&longs;t enim <lb/>quicquid humile e&longs;t in terra, ob hoc terra <lb/>vndique extuberat continente, in&longs;uli&longs;que, & <lb/>hominibus ac cæteris animalibus habitatio­<lb/>nem præbet. </s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg242"></margin.target>Elemento­<lb/>rum magni­<lb/>tudo.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Igitur ex hoc manife&longs;tum e&longs;t, quonam pa­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg243"></arrow.to.target><lb/>cto facilè fiant inundationes, quas diluuia <lb/>&longs;olent appellare. </s> <s>Nam cum aqua modica &longs;it <lb/>natura, atque in terræ &longs;uperficie con&longs;tituta, <lb/>&longs;i paululum incre&longs;cat, humilia loca obruit, <lb/>ac breui etiam reuocatur, quia parua e&longs;t etiam <lb/>cum aucta fuerit. </s> <s>At &longs;i tanta quanta exi&longs;ti­<lb/>mabatur foret, maximo indigeret incremen­<lb/>to ad inundationes. </s> <s>Quamobrem nunquam <lb/>accidi&longs;&longs;ent inundationes: & &longs;i modò accidi&longs;­<lb/>&longs;ent, vix vnquam, ni&longs;i extincto penitùs hu­<lb/>mano genere, potui&longs;&longs;ent renocari: pluribu&longs;­<lb/>que annis, non men&longs;ibus &longs;ub aqua terra la­<lb/>tui&longs;&longs;et. </s> <s>At vt Plato recitat, non &longs;emel fuêre, <lb/>&longs;ed pluries, hæ inundationes: & rur&longs;us paucis <lb/>men&longs;ibus de&longs;iêre. </s> <s>Pauca facta e&longs;t igitur, vt <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg244"></arrow.to.target><lb/>locus habitationi relinqueretur, vt &longs;ua frigi­<lb/>ditate temperaret, non de&longs;trueret vitam ani­<lb/>mantium. </s> <s>Et quoniam hæc mini&longs;trorum ge­<lb/>neratio &longs;olùm in terræ &longs;uperficie erat nece&longs;&longs;a­<lb/>ria, ob id igitur vt &longs;uperficiem &longs;olam occu­<lb/>paret, in qua metalla, plantæ, animalia, pi&longs;ces <pb pagenum="405"/>ali oportebat ac generari, pauca, & in &longs;uper­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg245"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ficie terræ facta e&longs;t. </s> <s>At quia periculum non <lb/>leue erat, ne ab aëre ac Solis radiis nimium <lb/>con&longs;umeretur, motus perpetuus illi adiun­<lb/>ctus e&longs;t: ob idque, quia non mouentur <lb/>aquæ <emph type="italics"/>(<emph.end type="italics"/> vt dixi) celeriter computre&longs;cunt, & <lb/>multum re&longs;oluuntur. </s> <s>Cautum e&longs;t etiam il­<lb/>lius generationi &longs;ub polis & immotibus <lb/>cumque terra &longs;ub torrida nimium exurere­<lb/>tur, cauit natura, vt locus ille humillimus <lb/>e&longs;&longs;et, atque ob id aquæ omnes fluunt ver&longs;us <lb/>meridiem. </s> <s>Sib & Nilus quanquam ex Lunæ <lb/>montibus oriatur iuxta Capricorni circu­<lb/>lum, attamen tran&longs;gre&longs;&longs;us æquinoctij circu­<lb/>lum totam penetrat zonam torridam eodem <lb/>impetu in no&longs;trum mare delatus iuxta Ale­<lb/>xandriam. </s> <s>Oportuit igitur ibi frigidi & hu­<lb/>midi elementi maximam partem con&longs;i&longs;tere <lb/>vbi maior illius erat nece&longs;&longs;itas ob Solis ca­<lb/>lorem. </s> <s>Simul verò cautum e&longs;t &longs;ecuritati in­<lb/>termediorum locorum nam fluente aqua in <lb/>eandem &longs;emper partem, regiones &longs;ubmergi <lb/>non poterant: quod & cauent qui agros <lb/>liberant ab inundatione, & qui paludes &longs;ic­<lb/>cant: ergo &longs;i non e&longs;&longs;et aquarum ad decli­<lb/>uia lap&longs;us, iam tota terra palus e&longs;&longs;et. </s> <s>Vt <lb/>verò decliuior e&longs;&longs;et locus ver&longs;us meridiem, <lb/>& paulò altior iuxta polos, calor Solis con­<lb/>&longs;umens effecit, & frigus iuxta polos montes <lb/>alti&longs;&longs;imos &longs;eruans: iam enim docuimus <lb/>quòd calor con&longs;umit & exedit, frigus con­<lb/>&longs;eruat. </s> <s>Ob hæc alti&longs;&longs;ima e&longs;t, fuit, eritque <lb/>&longs;emper plaga iuxta polos, & in medio hu­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg246"></arrow.to.target><lb/>millima. </s> <s>Quare &longs;olem non oportuit vnde­<lb/>quaque circumferri, nec ad polos: nam &longs;i <lb/>&longs;ingulis annis per totum orbem feratur, ne­<lb/>ce&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t vt terra æqualis euadat, atque ea de <lb/>cau&longs;a vel tota &longs;iccetur, vel tota aquis obrua­<lb/>tur. </s> <s>Sed cum hoc non &longs;ufficeret ad flumi­<lb/>num liberum cur&longs;um &longs;æpius occurrentibus <lb/>locis in via altiorum proueni&longs;&longs;et, hoc natu­<lb/>ra &longs;agax aquæ dedit, vt tantùm po&longs;&longs;it a&longs;­<lb/>cendere, quantum e&longs;t quod de&longs;cendit, vt <lb/>&longs;ic &longs;uperatis montibus ac collibus in mare <lb/>tandem feratur. </s> <s>Ergo aqua parua e&longs;t, atque <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg247"></arrow.to.target><lb/>in &longs;uperficie &longs;ita terræ. </s> <s>Quòd &longs;i tanta foret <lb/>quanta fertur, laterétque &longs;ub terra, vel <lb/>mota perpetuum motum terræ excitaret, vel <lb/>quie&longs;cens putre&longs;ceret. </s> <s>Horum neutrum cum <lb/>videamus, impo&longs;&longs;ibile e&longs;t aquam magnitu­<lb/>dinem obtinere in comparatione ad terram <lb/>effatu dignam, lateréque in imo terræ: at nec <lb/>in &longs;uperficie multam fore, &longs;en&longs;um docere <lb/>o&longs;tendimus. </s> <s>Parua igitur ad modum e&longs;t aqua <lb/>verum terra cum e&longs;&longs;et animalium &longs;edes, & <lb/>mundi centrum circa quod a&longs;tra mouentur, <lb/>& omnium fundamentum, &longs;atis conuenien­<lb/>tem a&longs;&longs;ecuta e&longs;t magnitudinem, quamuis <lb/>ad cœli ambitum comparata puncti vicem <lb/>obtineat. </s> <s>Sunt aurem aquarum genera plu­<lb/>rima, &longs;ed &longs;itus & magnitudinis ratione &longs;ic <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg248"></arrow.to.target><lb/>di&longs;tinguuntur. </s> <s>Quæ in vnum collecta e&longs;t, <lb/>fal&longs;a, mare vocatur: &longs;i dulcis, lacus: &longs;i non <lb/>mouetur pror&longs;us, palus e&longs;t. </s> <s>Nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t au­<lb/>tem in his limum generari. </s> <s>Si verò profun­<lb/>da non e&longs;t, &longs;tagnum. </s> <s>Si fluit flumen vel <lb/>fiuuius, à fluendo dictus. </s> <s>Si &longs;caturiat, <lb/>fons. </s> <s>Si ex pluuiis, vel niuibus colliga­<lb/>tur, torrens. </s> <s>Torrentes autem ob id mani­<lb/>fe&longs;tum e&longs;t non &longs;emper fluere. </s> <s>Riuulus au­<lb/>tem, cum exiguus decurrit. </s> <s>Omnium alti&longs;­<lb/>&longs;ima palus Alcyonia in Corinthiaco agro, <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg249"></arrow.to.target><lb/>quæ cum minus tribus &longs;tadiis in ambitu <lb/>habeat. </s> <s>Nero multorum &longs;tadiorum funibus <lb/>iunctis fundum non potuit plumbo explora­<lb/>re, adeò profundis gurgitibus continebatur. <lb/>Huic &longs;imilem e&longs;&longs;e referunt lacum in&longs;ula re­<lb/>giæ Daniæ, &longs;eu Cimbriæ Cher&longs;one&longs;i, cui <lb/>nomen e&longs;t Bornholm: neque enim illius <lb/>imum percipit, quamuis exiguus. </s> <s>Gene­<lb/>raliter autem in littoribus. </s> <s>Noruagiæ pro­<lb/>fundi&longs;&longs;imi &longs;unt &longs;pecus, atque ideò gurgi­<lb/>tes. </s> <s>Cum enim inter alti&longs;&longs;imas rupes, pa­<lb/>rúmque di&longs;tantes, atque eò magis &longs;i in val­<lb/>le &longs;pecus profundi &longs;int, aqua permeat, <lb/>obruitque &longs;ummè nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t lacum e&longs;&longs;e an­<lb/>gu&longs;tum profundi&longs;&longs;imo vortice. </s> <s>Sal&longs;a palus <lb/>Mæotica e&longs;t, atque ob id & va&longs;titatem ce­<lb/>lebrata. </s> <s>At fluminum &longs;atis rectè, meo iu­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg250"></arrow.to.target><lb/>dicio, cau&longs;as & modum defluxus explica­<lb/>uimus: &longs;ed vnde oriantur, &longs;æpè dubitatum <lb/>e&longs;t, tam perenni ac multiplici aquarum <lb/>decur&longs;u. </s> <s>Ergo generari illas exi&longs;timat Phi­<lb/>lo&longs;ophus. </s> <s>Salomon ex mari per circuitum <lb/>deriuari, alij ex pluuiis ac niuibus coacer­<lb/>uari, alij emergere ex fontibus &longs;ub terra <lb/>latentibus. </s> <s>Non gigni in montibus, nec <lb/>ex aëre, palàm e&longs;t omnem aquam, cùm <lb/>Tanais in Mo&longs;couiæ campis &longs;caturiat: ve­<lb/>rùm cùm aqua non a&longs;cendat, ni&longs;i de&longs;cen­<lb/>dat è montibus altioribus, illam eò deri­<lb/>uari nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t. </s> <s>Nec ex mari ip&longs;o ad tan­<lb/>tam altitudinem, quanta e&longs;t montium ver­<lb/>tex pote&longs;t a&longs;cendere: & antequam ad mon­<lb/>tes perueniat, nulla e&longs;t ratio quin vbique <lb/>erumpat: nec vnquam flumina minueren­<lb/>tur, maréque ip&longs;um non tot fluminibus <lb/>&longs;ufficeret, verùm quandóque &longs;iccaretur, <lb/>cùm maxima pars aquarum Solis calore <lb/>euane&longs;cat: motus etiam ille &longs;ub terra, il­<lb/>lam ( vt dixi ) concuteret: neque ratio <lb/>e&longs;t, cur ab illo monte fluat, ab alio non. <lb/>Quòd etiam tam pura reddatur ab omni <lb/>&longs;al&longs;edine & amaritudine, vix e&longs;t veri&longs;i­<lb/>mile. </s> <s>Nec ex niuibus &longs;olis, cùm è monti­<lb/>bus aqua etiam fluat cùm nullis teguntur <lb/>niuibus, nulli&longs;que imbribus made&longs;cunt: <lb/>generari verò tantam aquarum molem, ac <lb/>tam perennem, omninò incredibile e&longs;t. <lb/>Quid igitur dicendum? </s> <s>ex omnibus his <lb/>cau&longs;is fieri: verùm origo maxima e&longs;t, quia <lb/>aër in aquam tran&longs;it, pò&longs;t etiam nix & <lb/>imbres a&longs;&longs;idui ad hoc non parum condu­<lb/>cunt. </s> <s>Quàm etiam cau&longs;am putat Herodo­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg251"></arrow.to.target><lb/>tus, inundationis eius quam Nilus facit <lb/>in Ægypto. </s> <s>Siquidem illius &longs;ententia ta­<lb/>lis e&longs;t, quod Nilus æ&longs;tiuo &longs;ol&longs;titio intu­<lb/>me&longs;cere incipiat, & v&longs;que ad 45. dies <lb/>&longs;equentes cre&longs;cat, atque Ægyptum inun­<lb/>det, totidem verò fermè diebus decre&longs;cat. <lb/>Antiquo tempore, Herodoti &longs;cilicet, ad 14. <lb/>cubitum incrementum maximam afferebat <lb/>vbertatem, ad octo &longs;terilitatem: pò&longs;t Stra­<lb/>bonis temporibusminus cre&longs;cebat, nec octo <lb/>cubitorum incrementum attulit. </s> <s>Sed præ­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg252"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;enti ætate, &longs;eu depræhen&longs;o errore, &longs;eu mu­<lb/>tato ritu, cùm ad 15. brachia exundat, ma­<lb/>xima fit vbertas. </s> <s>A 15. ad 18. detrimenta <pb pagenum="406"/>affert leuia, & pericula grandia: &longs;uprà au­<lb/>tem Ægyptius mergitur, & detrimenta ma­<lb/>gna patitur, cum &longs;ubmer&longs;ionis euidenti di&longs;­<lb/>crimine, &longs;i modò euadat. </s> <s>A 15. infrà v&longs;que <lb/>ad 12. annonæ caritatem, &longs;ed leuem in­<lb/>fert: à 12. ad 10. grauem. </s> <s>Infrà autem nun­<lb/>quam &longs;ub&longs;i&longs;tere videtur. </s> <s>Hæc e&longs;t recens rei <lb/>huius hi&longs;toria omni fide digna. </s> <s>Sed ad He­<lb/>redotum venio, cuius de Nili incremento <lb/>&longs;ententiam malè conuer&longs;am, deteriú&longs;que in­<lb/>tellectam, nuper ego emendaui explicaui­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg253"></arrow.to.target><lb/>que. </s> <s>Hanc etiam Strabo confirmauit. </s> <s>Ne­<lb/>que tamen cuiquam mirum videri debet, <lb/>quòd quum Nilus habeat ortum vbi Sol, <lb/>dum Sol e&longs;t facit nobis hyemem in no&longs;tra <lb/>ætate, quæ illis initium e&longs;t hyemis, niues <lb/>imbré&longs;que genitos incrementum flumini, at­<lb/>que ex eo inundationis occa&longs;ionem præ&longs;ta­<lb/>re: at nunc longè maior tempore facta e&longs;t <lb/>inundatio: temporibus namque Strabonis <lb/>iam &longs;exaginta diebus campi &longs;iccabantur. <lb/>Inundationis cau&longs;a e&longs;t fluminis magnitudo. <lb/>Maximus enim fluuiorum, vt Arianus &longs;cri­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg254"></arrow.to.target><lb/>bit, Ganges pò&longs;t quem Indus, pò&longs;t Nilus. <lb/>Ergo Gangete primo, Indoque &longs;ecundo, <lb/>tertio Nilo, Hi&longs;ter quarto loco adnumera­<lb/>bitur. </s> <s>Quintus in Libya, Niger à Ptolo­<lb/>mæo vocatus, Nilo haud minor, na&longs;citur <lb/>è Thala monte: nunc à Lu&longs;itantis Senega <lb/>vocatur in fluuius. </s> <s>In Nilum nullum om­<lb/>ninò flumen influit. </s> <s>Ace&longs;inem, qui in In­<lb/>dum influit, quatuor penè Millia pa&longs;&longs;uum <lb/>latitudinis habere, autor e&longs;t Arrianus. </s> <s>Sed <lb/>Ganges vbi e&longs;t angu&longs;ti&longs;&longs;imus, 12000. pa&longs;­<lb/>&longs;uum patet, ac in&longs;uper quingentis: vbi <lb/>latè patet, nulli videntur termini. </s> <s>Alios <lb/>incredibilis va&longs;titatis, &longs;i vera referunt, in <lb/>Bra&longs;ilia amnes inuenêre Hi&longs;pani, velut <lb/>Platam, qui o&longs;tio 30000. pa&longs;&longs;uum in mare <lb/>deuoluebatur. </s> <s>E&longs;t & Maragnonus, qui cum <lb/>ingreditur mare, pa&longs;&longs;ibus 80000. patet: <lb/>Dabaida verò, & &longs;anctæ Marthæ, 30000. <lb/>atque hi tres ( vt ferunt ) in littore boreali <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg255"></arrow.to.target><lb/>iuxta Pariam. </s> <s>Sed mutatur ratio magnitu­<lb/>dinis per tempora. </s> <s>Omnium, enim morta­<lb/>lium quidam e&longs;t vici&longs;&longs;itudo: namque fluuij <lb/>influentes non &longs;olum amnes alios in quos <lb/>influunt, &longs;ed etiam mari &longs;iccare con&longs;ueue­<lb/>runt. </s> <s>Narrat Herodotus, Acheloum mare <lb/>profluentem, tantum arenarum aduexi&longs;&longs;e <lb/>(hoc enim modo &longs;iccant maria ) vt Echina­<lb/>nadum in&longs;ulas media iam ex parte conti­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg256"></arrow.to.target><lb/>nenti adiecerit. </s> <s>Author e&longs;t. </s> <s>Polybius, Tanaim <lb/>& cæteros fluuios &longs;ic mare &longs;uo tempore Eu­<lb/>xinum implere, ac Mæotim paludem, vt iam <lb/>ip&longs;a non amplius habeat altitudinis aquæ <lb/>quàm &longs;eptem vlnas, & pro &longs;al&longs;a dulcis illa <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg257"></arrow.to.target><lb/>facta e&longs;t. </s> <s>De Ehinadibus qua&longs;dam iam con­<lb/>tinenti iunctas refert Strabo, indié&longs;que re­<lb/>liquas iungi, cùm quæ plurimum abe&longs;t, &longs;o­<lb/>lùm 15. &longs;tadiis ab o&longs;tio Acheloi fluminis <lb/>di&longs;tet. <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg258"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg243"></margin.target>Diluuiorum <lb/>cau&longs;a.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg244"></margin.target>In Timæo. <lb/>Cau&longs;a par­<lb/>nitatis a <lb/>quæ.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg245"></margin.target>Cau&longs;a mo­<lb/>tus aqua­<lb/>rum ver&longs;us <lb/>meridiem.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg246"></margin.target>Cur &longs;ol non <lb/>accedat ad <lb/>polos. <lb/>Cur aqua <lb/>tantum a&longs;­<lb/>cendat <expan abbr="quã-tum">quan­<lb/>tum</expan> de&longs;cen­<lb/>dit.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg247"></margin.target>De elemen­<lb/>torum ma­<lb/>gnitudinis <lb/>cau&longs;a & &longs;i­<lb/>gno.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg248"></margin.target>Aquarum <lb/>genera à &longs;itu <lb/>& magni­<lb/>tudine &longs;um­<lb/>pta.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg249"></margin.target>Palus Al­<lb/>cyonia pro­<lb/>fundi&longs;&longs;ima.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg250"></margin.target>De ortu flu­<lb/>minum.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg251"></margin.target>Libro. </s> <s>2.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg252"></margin.target>Nili inun­<lb/>datio.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg253"></margin.target>15. & 17. li­<lb/>bro Geogra <lb/>phiæ.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg254"></margin.target>Qui maxi­<lb/>mi fluuij.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg255"></margin.target>Flumina <lb/>&longs;iccant ma­<lb/>ria.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg256"></margin.target>Libro 2.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg257"></margin.target>10. Geo­<lb/>graph.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg258"></margin.target>Nilus cur <lb/><gap/>ura careat.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Sed po&longs;tquam in fluminum narrationem <lb/>incidimus, non abs re erit con&longs;iderare cur <lb/>&longs;olus Nilus aura careat, vel &longs;altem caruit: <lb/>nam Herodotus hoc con&longs;tanter affirmat. <lb/>Nobis id curæ maximé e&longs;&longs;e debet, vt cau&longs;am <lb/>rerum inueniamus, ne &longs;i cur&longs;u temporis in <lb/>aliis adueniant, quam in aliis ce&longs;&longs;auerunt <lb/>po&longs;t perplexi hæreamus. </s> <s>Ergo aura maximè <lb/>fit vbi aqua teporem à Sole conceperit. <lb/>Indicio e&longs;t, quod &longs;ub ortu & occa&longs;u, non <lb/>media die, circa flumina æ&longs;tate oritur. </s> <s>Cùm <lb/>enim Sol eleuat, nec attrahit ad &longs;uperiora <lb/>aquæ motu aër impellitur: qui ab aqua re­<lb/>frigeratus, auram &longs;uauem efficit, quam iux­<lb/>ta exortum Solis & occa&longs;um æ&longs;tate circa <lb/>flumina &longs;entire &longs;olemus. </s> <s>At Nili initium <lb/>proculdubio cùm citra circulum brumalem <lb/>&longs;it & totus per torridam feratur regionem, <lb/>auram nunquam concipere poterit: nam et&longs;i <lb/>creetur aliqua, &longs;tatim immodico Solis calo­</s></p><p type="main"> <s><arrow.to.target n="marg259"></arrow.to.target><lb/>re con&longs;umitur. </s> <s>Flumen verò eodem cur&longs;u <lb/>quo aërem refrigerat, purgatur ab omni ter­<lb/>rena &longs;orde: ideoque nullum &longs;al&longs;um: po&longs;&longs;et <lb/>tamen e&longs;&longs;e, vbi è loco proximo materia &longs;al­<lb/>&longs;a in illud influeret: verum et&longs;i contingere <lb/>po&longs;&longs;it, haud tamen facilè, ob dictam cau&longs;am <lb/>huius exemplum inuenias. </s> <s>Sic Nilus cùm <lb/>è longi&longs;&longs;imis veniat regionibus, & calore <lb/>Solis torreatur, aquas &longs;ecum defert &longs;aluber­<lb/>rimas. </s> <s>At maria omnia &longs;al&longs;a &longs;unt, atque <lb/>etiam amara: cuius rationem vbi expo&longs;uero <lb/>prius, propo&longs;itam quæ&longs;tionem &longs;ubiiciam. <lb/>Quòd igitur aqua ex imbre flumina augere <lb/>po&longs;&longs;it, apud nos videmus per&longs;æpe, dum po&longs;t <lb/>pluuias extenuati iam antè fluuij, adeò cre&longs;­<lb/>cunt vt agros inundent: quidam etiam tor­<lb/>rentes, quorum &longs;olùm fo&longs;&longs;a lapillis plena &longs;u­<lb/>pererat, adeò per plures dies aqua copio&longs;a <lb/>decurrunt, quam vel Solis imbribus conce­<lb/>perunt, aut niuibus liquatis, vt magni flu­<lb/>minis vicem ac &longs;peciem &longs;ubeant. </s> <s>Nec differt <lb/>torrens à flumine, ni&longs;i quòd non perennis <lb/>e&longs;t: nam nec illius cau&longs;a talis e&longs;t. </s> <s>Igitur &longs;i <lb/>montes mane inui&longs;as, hudos inuenies. </s> <s>Sen­<lb/>&longs;im igitur intra extráque riuuli coacta aqua <lb/>effluunt, atque multi in vnum coeuntes flu­<lb/>men efficiunt: hoc ni&longs;i pluuiis, aut niuium <lb/>liquefactione adiuuetur, extenuatum &longs;em­<lb/>per videbis. </s> <s>Quo tempore parua aqua &longs;uffi­<lb/>cit, non &longs;olùm quòd parum aquæ illius al­<lb/>ueus contineat, &longs;ed quòd dum lentè fluit ea­<lb/>dem aqua pluribus in locis &longs;atisfacit. </s> <s>Hac <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg260"></arrow.to.target><lb/>verò cau&longs;a haud dubium relinquitur, cur flu­<lb/>uij matutinò &longs;oleant excre&longs;cere, tum maxi­<lb/>mè ea parte qua fonti &longs;uo fuerint proximi: <lb/>nempe nocte multum roris æ&longs;tate, multum <lb/>nebulæ hyeme decidit: quò fit vt &longs;equenti <lb/>Solis exortu cre&longs;cere multum incipiant, & <lb/>maximè temporibus mediis Autumno & Ve­<lb/>rè, cùm pruina cadens Solis tempore di&longs;&longs;ol­<lb/>uitur. </s> <s>Igitur aqua quæ intra montem lapi­<lb/>dum frigore, & quæ extra noctis auxilio <lb/>creatur, intrò &longs;en&longs;im labitur. </s> <s>Pars etiam ex­<lb/>trà in riuulos cogitur, inde è multis riuulis <lb/>flumen exiguum plerunque creatur, è pluri­<lb/>bus exiguis magnum, vt Padus, Hi&longs;ter, In­<lb/>dus, Euphrates. </s> <s>Hæcque e&longs;t cau&longs;a perpetui­<lb/>tatis fluminum, &longs;icut incrementi pluuiæ, & <lb/>niues. </s> <s>Tanais verò & fontes omnes qui è <lb/>locis planis &longs;caturiunt, non ibi creantur, &longs;ed <lb/>in montibus, inde ad locum illum delati, ea <lb/>ratione <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> diximus nuper, quòd aqua cum <lb/>præmitur è locis altioribus tantum a&longs;cendit <lb/>quantum de&longs;cenderat, emergunt è terra. <lb/>Mare autem non mittit fontes ni&longs;i &longs;al&longs;os: <lb/>nam quidam proximi na&longs;cuntur, &longs;ed &longs;al&longs;i <pb pagenum="407"/>&longs;unt. </s> <s>Non negauerim, quòd tamen ob æ&longs;tum <lb/>illius e&longs;t diffieillimum, decurrientibus aquis <lb/>maris &longs;ub terra magno impetu, ac procul, <lb/>aquæ dulcis fontem po&longs;&longs;e &longs;caturire. </s> <s>Indicio <lb/>e&longs;t, &longs;al&longs;edinem minui &longs;pacij longitudine, <lb/>quòd putei effo&longs;&longs;i quò magis à mari di&longs;tant, <lb/>eò minus &longs;unt &longs;al&longs;i. </s> <s>Verùm hoc for&longs;itan non <lb/>tam fiet &longs;eparatione &longs;alis ex di&longs;tantia, quàm <lb/>admi&longs;tione aliarum dulcium aquarum. </s> <s>Exi­<lb/>&longs;timandum tamen aquam puteorum, quam <lb/>Hau&longs;um vocant Mediolanen&longs;es, è mari de­<lb/>riuari. </s> <s>Siquidem non tam impetu, quàm <lb/>&longs;pacij longitudine, nec tam admi&longs;tione dul­<lb/>cium aliarum aquarum, quàm &longs;alis grauita­<lb/>te, aqua ip&longs;a dulce&longs;cit. </s> <s>Nam &longs;al in aqua <lb/>cùm quieuerit, de&longs;cendit ad imum grauita­<lb/>te &longs;ui: currente autem aqua repurgatur à <lb/>terra. </s> <s>Sed ob id mare, neque quie&longs;cit, nec <lb/>currit, &longs;ed æ&longs;tu agitatur, vt &longs;al&longs;um maneat. <lb/>Tribus igitur modis aqua maris fontibus <lb/>&longs;caturiens procul dulcis euadit: permi&longs;tio­<lb/>ne aliorum dulcium cur&longs;u, atque ob id pur­<lb/>gatione à limo atque arena, & falis &longs;pontè <lb/>de&longs;cendentis grauitate. </s> <s>Atque hoc etiam <lb/>commodum dulcis aquæ mare ip&longs;um præ­<lb/>bet. </s> <s>Sed de fluminum ortu rectè videtur <lb/>Ari&longs;toteles &longs;en&longs;i&longs;&longs;e: vbi verò in cauum am­<lb/>plumque locum influxerint, lacus creant. <lb/>Igitur fluminum, ac fontium, torrentium­<lb/>que ac lacuum cau&longs;am diximus. <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg261"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg259"></margin.target>Flumen cur <lb/>nullum &longs;al­<lb/>&longs;um.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg260"></margin.target>Cur flumina <lb/>matutinò <lb/>maximè <lb/>cre&longs;cunt.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg261"></margin.target>Mare cur <lb/>&longs;al&longs;um.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Reliquum e&longs;t, vt doceamus, quænam &longs;it <lb/>cau&longs;a, cur mare &longs;it &longs;al&longs;um. </s> <s>Iuxta Ari&longs;tote­<lb/>lis &longs;ententiam, quæ à paucis intellecta e&longs;t, <lb/>ca e&longs;t a&longs;&longs;iduus imbrium in ip&longs;um ca&longs;us, iam <lb/>ab æterno per&longs;euerans. </s> <s>Quanquam enim <lb/>non hoc in mare loco, quo nunc iacet, æter­<lb/>num &longs;it, cum tamen è mari mare fiat, æter­<lb/>num e&longs;&longs;e ac fui&longs;&longs;e nece&longs;&longs;arium e&longs;t continui­<lb/>tate aquarum. </s> <s>Inditio e&longs;t, quòd omnia ab <lb/>vno deriuantur, Mediterraneum, Rubrum, <lb/>Euxinum, Ca&longs;pium, Magalianum, Hyper­<lb/>boreum, Germanicum, Herculeum, Canta­<lb/>bricum, Britannicum, Sarmaticum. </s> <s>Indicum <lb/>Africum, Balthicum, Glaciale: tum &longs;inus, <lb/>vt Barbaricus, Atlanticus, Magnus, Arabi­<lb/>cus, Per&longs;icus, Mæotí&longs;que palus, Oceani par­<lb/>tes &longs;unt, aut germina. </s> <s>Neque ignoro Pto­<lb/>lomæum de Ca&longs;pij maris ortu aliud &longs;entire, <lb/>ip&longs;umque ab Oceano &longs;eparare: at non ex <lb/>&longs;ententia Plinij, nec Strabonis, aut Solini, <lb/>vel Pri&longs;ciani. </s> <s>Sec hoc parum refert, neque <lb/>enim repugnat, et&longs;i non &longs;it, mare tamen e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>quòd cum aliis non conueniat, vt Mortuum <lb/>mare, & Galilææ, quæ cum inuicem con­<lb/>ueniant, non tamen Oceani &longs;unt membra <lb/>&longs;unt tamen ambo &longs;al&longs;a, & quòd magis mi­<lb/>rum e&longs;t, Mortuum etiam amarum, inde hi­<lb/>&longs;toriæ cau&longs;am dedit, & tamen plus abe&longs;t à <lb/>Syriaco, quòd e&longs;t Mediteranei pars, quàm <lb/>Galilæum. </s> <s>Quòd igitur nullum præter hoc, <lb/>& Mortuum, quòd olmi Alphaltis lacus vo­<lb/>cabatur, ab Oceano &longs;it &longs;eparatum, &longs;atis <lb/>aperrum e&longs;t: nec prohibet quicquam, & <lb/>hæc per &longs;ubterraneos &longs;pecus cum illo com­<lb/>municare, atque ob id æternum dicere om­<lb/>ne mare, aquarum non loci continuo &longs;ta­<lb/>tu, &longs;empérque &longs;al&longs;um. </s> <s>Tria enim ad &longs;al&longs;ugi­<lb/>nem &longs;eruandam &longs;ufficere videntur: Solis ca­<lb/>lor, quo terra vritur, putre&longs;cuntque aquæ: <lb/>quòd non decurrat, vt flumina, imbré&longs;que <lb/>excipiat. </s> <s>Omnis enim imbrifera aqua, quòd <lb/>Sole torreatur, & mora putre&longs;cat, &longs;ub&longs;al&longs;a <lb/>e&longs;t. </s> <s>At lacus geniti &longs;unt verè, quoniam flu­<lb/>mina à quibus fiunt initium habuerunt. <lb/>Quamobrem et&longs;i excipiant imbres, &longs;al&longs;um <lb/>tamen &longs;aporem concipere nequeunt. </s> <s>Nec <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e po&longs;&longs;unt &longs;al&longs;i lacus, ni&longs;i terra ip&longs;a vbi <lb/>&longs;unt &longs;alem præferat, ob id nec magni qui­<lb/>dem. </s> <s>Ind cio e&longs;&longs;e pote&longs;t Acronius lacus, <lb/>quem nunc vocant Con&longs;tantien&longs;em, qui <lb/>tamet&longs;i magnitudine mari &longs;imilis fermè cui­<lb/>piam videatur, aquis tamen dulcibus, non <lb/>&longs;al&longs;is, plonus e&longs;t, quòd illius initium ex <lb/>Rheno flumine fuerit. </s> <s>Adiuuat tamen ad <lb/>maris &longs;al&longs;uginem illius immen&longs;a va&longs;titas, in <lb/>qua velut & in amplo terræ &longs;pacio &longs;alis <lb/>montes non paucos contineri nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t. <lb/>Ergo &longs;ale di&longs;&longs;oluto, adiuuante præcipuè illo <lb/>quotidiano æ&longs;tu, &longs;al&longs;um fieri mare totum </s></p><p type="main"> <s><arrow.to.target n="marg262"></arrow.to.target><lb/>contingit. </s> <s>Ob id ex dubitatione, dubitatio <lb/>alia non leuior oritur, cur &longs;cilicet mare <lb/>æ&longs;tum illum, atque non &longs;emel &longs;ingulis die­<lb/>bus patiatur, nec tamen omne, nec æquali­<lb/>ter. </s> <s>Oceanus namque palam, & Mediterra­<lb/>nei paucæ quædam partes, vt Adriaticus &longs;i­<lb/>nus, vbi Venetiæ conditæ &longs;unt, fluunt ac <lb/>refluunt bis fermè in die vna. </s> <s>Sed mare iux­<lb/>ta Æthiopiam, quod Gineghæ vocatur, qua­<lb/>tuor horis fluere, octo refluere Aloi&longs;ius Ca­<lb/>demu&longs;tus memoriæ prodidit, cum cætera <lb/>&longs;enis, ac &longs;enis fluant, ac refluant. </s> <s>Cau&longs;a ob <lb/>quam maria fluant, redeantque præcipua <lb/>e&longs;t, quòd cum &longs;al&longs;a &longs;int, non tamen &longs;uffice­<lb/>re poterat hoc ad aquarum & aëris con&longs;er­<lb/>uationem. </s> <s>Nam &longs;i aqua maris non mouea­<lb/>tur, putre&longs;cit in va&longs;is, Ari&longs;totele te&longs;te. </s> <s>At <lb/>quæ in Mediterraneo e&longs;t ventis conolu&longs;a, <lb/>magis agitatur, nec ob id putre&longs;cit. </s> <s>Quo­<lb/>nam pacto verò à &longs;yderibus ac Luna mo­<lb/>ueatur, in A&longs;tronomicis edocuimus. </s> <s>Mouen­<lb/>tur igitur ab Oriente in Occidentem maria <lb/>omnia, quæ totius habent rationem, vt <lb/>Oceanus, quoniam elementum qua&longs;i vnum <lb/>e&longs;t, atque hoc à &longs;yderibus agitur. </s> <s>Quæcun­<lb/>que igitur directè iacent ad Oceanum, & <lb/>ip&longs;a mouentur eo motu: quæ verò à latere, <lb/>nequaquam, vt Mediterraneum & Rubrum, <lb/>quæ à Boreali latere &longs;unt: nam &longs;ic di&longs;po&longs;i­<lb/>tis locis frangi nece&longs;le e&longs;t impetum ab <lb/>Oriente & Occidente currentium aquarum. <lb/>Quòd et&longs;i Mediterraneum ab Oriente vi­<lb/>deatur po&longs;itum, quum Oceanus ad Occiden­<lb/>tem &longs;it, &longs;olum in reflexu ingreditur in Me­<lb/>diterraneum: quum iam non à &longs;yderibus, <lb/>&longs;ed grauitate ip&longs;a vrgeatur, vnde motum <lb/>&longs;eruare non pote&longs;t. </s> <s>Aliud huius e&longs;t rei indi­<lb/>cium, quòd in Mediterraneo ip&longs;o, in Afri­<lb/>cæ littore iuxta Zygrim quòd litus id rectà <lb/>ab Oriente in Occidentem exporrigatur, &longs;i­<lb/>tu littoris leuem, Lunæ vim adiuuante, fit <lb/>æ&longs;tus. </s> <s>Mare verò Norticum, quòd iuxta <lb/>æquinoctij circulum e&longs;t, è Boreali latere, <lb/>iuxta Pariam: celerrimè ex Oriente in Oc­<lb/>cidentem fertui, quoniam Sol ibi robu&longs;tior <lb/>aquas agit. </s> <s>Sed in Au&longs;trali Sureno, è regio­<lb/>ne Beraguæ vehementi&longs;&longs;imus æ&longs;tus fit: vbi <lb/>verò Norticum à Boreali latere iacet, penè <lb/>nullus. </s> <s>Moueri igitur aquas in æ&longs;tu à Luna <pb pagenum="408"/>o&longs;tendit æ&longs;tus magnitudo in pleniluniis no­<lb/>uilunii&longs;que, paruitas in quadratis: a&longs;cen&longs;ú&longs;­<lb/>que earum, de&longs;cen&longs;ú&longs;que cum Luna v&longs;que <lb/>ad cœli medium, tumorque illarum è &longs;yde­<lb/>ris directo & reuolutionis tempus, quòd <lb/>horarum e&longs;t fermè vigintiquinque. </s> <s>Quò in <lb/>&longs;patio, Luna ad <expan abbr="Orient&etilde;">Orientem</expan> ex oriente redit. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quũ">Quum</expan> <lb/>verò terram &longs;ic a&longs;trum &longs;equens circumambi­<lb/>re mare &longs;ingulis diebus videatur, cur naues <lb/>vix &longs;ex millia pa&longs;&longs;uum, ni ventis vrgeantur, <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg263"></arrow.to.target><lb/>horâ vnâ &longs;uperant? </s> <s>Cau&longs;a e&longs;t, quòd non <lb/>tota aqua, nec vna pars Lunam &longs;equatur, <lb/>&longs;ed proximæ in proximas transferuntur: ve­<lb/>lut &longs;i quis carnem comprimens tumorem <lb/>eleuet, caro quidem parum loco mouebitur, <lb/>celerrimè tamen tumor per totum crus <lb/>transferetur. </s> <s>At in Nortiro, vbi diximus <lb/>penè nullum e&longs;&longs;e æ&longs;tum, decur&longs;um tamen <lb/>trium men&longs;ium diuturnum, velut in flumi­<lb/>ne naues celeriter moueri nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t, quòd <lb/>eadem pars aquæ &longs;emper procedat. </s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg262"></margin.target>Maris æ&longs;t<gap/><lb/>cur fiat.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg263"></margin.target>Cur in ma­<lb/>ris æ&longs;tu na­<lb/>ues non ce­<lb/>lerrimè mo­<lb/>ueantur.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Sed po&longs;tquam in hos &longs;ermones incidi­<lb/>mus, non &longs;ilebo Philo&longs;ophi rationem, quâ <lb/>mundum æternum e&longs;&longs;e probat ex maris &longs;al­<lb/>&longs;ugine. </s> <s>E&longs;t autem hæc: Si mare initium ha­<lb/>buit, ab initio dulce, aut &longs;al&longs;um, erat non &longs;al­<lb/>&longs;um cùm tantum &longs;alis non potuerit immi&longs;­<lb/>ceri quodaquam corrumperet, &longs;yncera enim <lb/>omnia facta e&longs;&longs;e exi&longs;timandum e&longs;t. </s> <s>Nam <lb/>quæ na&longs;cuntur, vt lacus, & flumina, &longs;apo­<lb/>re carent. </s> <s>Hoc tamen aduer&longs;us Platonem &longs;o­<lb/>lùm dirigitut, qui ( vt in Timæo habetur) <lb/>mundum per &longs;eparationem genitum exi&longs;ti­<lb/>mauit. </s> <s>Ideóque Na&longs;o dixit: <lb/><emph type="quote"/><emph type="italics"/>Hanc Deus & melior litem natura diremit. <lb/>Nam cœlo terras, & terris ab&longs;cidit vndas, <lb/>Et liquidum &longs;pi&longs;&longs;o &longs;e<gap/>reuit ab æthere cœlum. <lb/>Quæ po&longs;tquàm euoluit, cæcóque exemit aceruo, <lb/>Di&longs;&longs;ociata locis, concordi pace ligauit.<emph.end type="italics"/><emph.end type="quote"/><lb/>Par igitur fuit nullum fui&longs;&longs;e mare terra, & <lb/>aqua immi&longs;tis, cùm &longs;al&longs;um &longs;olùm mi&longs;tione <lb/>fiat. </s> <s>Quòd &longs;i &longs;apore caruit ab initio, &longs;uc­<lb/>ce&longs;&longs;u verò temporis factum e&longs;t &longs;al&longs;um, &longs;al­<lb/>&longs;ugo ætates habet. </s> <s>At non habet: neque <lb/>enim nunc &longs;al&longs;ius quam olim fuit, nunquam <lb/>igitur mare factum e&longs;t, itaque nec mundus. <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg264"></arrow.to.target><lb/>Cæterum etiam &longs;ub terra aquarum conge­<lb/>ries &longs;unt lacuum &longs;pecie: vnde Tanais in <lb/>Mo&longs;couia, Lycus in A&longs;ia, Tygris in Me&longs;o­<lb/>potamia perpetuò decur&longs;u erumpunt. </s> <s>Refe­<lb/>runt & Timaum in agro Aquilien&longs;i, & in <lb/>Atinate incerti nominis fontem oriri. </s> <s>Cum <lb/>enim &longs;int &longs;ub terra &longs;pecus, nec profundi vt <lb/>olim in Gabien&longs;i agro ad primum lapidem <lb/>à Roma, vnde currus & equi, cùm præteri­<lb/>rent, &longs;olùm tremebat: nihil mirum e&longs;t, aut <lb/>aquis impleri, aut dehi&longs;cere &longs;ponte terram, <lb/>aut hiantibus aërem corrumpi. </s> <s>Et&longs;i parua <lb/>&longs;it hæc profunditas ad terræ magnitudinem <lb/>comparata, pote&longs;t tamen vrbes &longs;ubruere, <lb/>lacus admittere, montes relinquere inæqua­<lb/>li &longs;pecu, cùm non quicquid è directo e&longs;t, <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg265"></arrow.to.target><lb/>dehi&longs;cit. </s> <s>At puteorum aquæ, cum &longs;int &longs;ca­<lb/>turigines quædam, quaternis pedibus, aut <lb/>paulò plus plerunque conduntur: nam &longs;i con­<lb/>tinua e&longs;&longs;et aqua, terra fati&longs;ceret, & puteis <lb/>eadem e&longs;&longs;et profunditas. </s> <s>Nec illorum aqua <lb/>hyeme calidior e&longs;t, quàm æ&longs;tate, &longs;ed talis <lb/>videtur, quoniam aër hyeme frigidus, æ&longs;ta­<lb/>te calidus, cuius comparatione eadem aqua <lb/>ver&longs;a vice calidior hyeme, quàm æ&longs;tate ap­<lb/>paret: comparatione enim no&longs;tri corporis <lb/>omnia tum ambientis diiudicantur. </s> <s>Itaque <lb/>fit, vt dum calidi &longs;umus, quæ tangimus, fri­<lb/>gida: dum frigidi, calida iudicemus. </s> <s>Vnde <lb/>in balneo meientibus vrina frigidior vide­<lb/>tur. </s> <s>Paululum & incale&longs;cit aqua contracto <lb/>calore ad intima, quia exire non pote&longs;t, nec <lb/>in terræ &longs;uperficie expandi: ob id etiam ni­<lb/>ues, quæ non admodum &longs;unt diuturnæ, fœ­<lb/>cunditatem &longs;emper afferre &longs;olent, nonnun­<lb/>quam etiam diuturnæ. </s> <s>Accedit quòd tota <lb/>terra in parte ea ad quam aqua pote&longs;t per­<lb/>uenire, bitumino&longs;a, aut &longs;al&longs;a, aut denique <lb/>metallica e&longs;t, quo fit vt halitus conclu&longs;i <lb/>aquam calefaciant. </s> <s>Et ob id etiam contin­<lb/>git, quòd tamen rarum e&longs;t, aliquos fontes <lb/>calidiores hyeme e&longs;&longs;e, miraculi &longs;pecie qua­<lb/>dam, quàm æ&longs;tate. </s> <s>Sunt autem hæ aquæ ob <lb/>id odoratæ, aut grauiter olentes, &longs;apori&longs;­<lb/>que haud in&longs;ipidi, quos cum &longs;catent, agno&longs;­<lb/>cere promptum e&longs;t, atque ab his, aut caue­<lb/>re, aut vti. </s> <s>Sed &longs;i lateant, an &longs;ub&longs;int in ari­<lb/>do loco, & quales &longs;int, hac arte deprehen­<lb/>duntur. </s> <s>Vas plumbeum, vel figulinam ollam <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg266"></arrow.to.target><lb/>nouam, &longs;i illius copia non &longs;it, oleo prius in­<lb/>tus illitam, lana &longs;icca candida, quæ lapil­<lb/>lum in medio contineat, fundo eius anne­<lb/>xa cum cera, &longs;ub terra per quatuor pa&longs;&longs;us &longs;ub <lb/>&longs;olis occa&longs;u, ore va&longs;is inferius ver&longs;o, defodi­<lb/>to diligenter ne lana excidat, ege&longs;táque ter­<lb/>ra &longs;en&longs;im obruito Sub&longs;equenti luce effo&longs;&longs;o <lb/>va&longs;e lanam con&longs;idera: quæ &longs;i non procul <lb/>ab&longs;it, lapilli & noctis frigore, tum humido <lb/>illiti olei conceptos halitus terræ in aquæ <lb/>guttulas vertet: expre&longs;&longs;am igitur collige, <lb/>quæ &longs;i pauca e&longs;t, plurimum adhuc abe&longs;&longs;e <lb/>aquam coniicito: &longs;i multa, parum. </s> <s>Qualis <lb/>verò &longs;it, de ore ac gu&longs;tu facilè intelliges. <lb/>Sunt enim quædam harum, tum etiam <expan abbr="extã-tium">extan­<lb/>tium</expan> in &longs;uperficie, quæ non &longs;olum &longs;al, bitu­<lb/>tumenue oleant, &longs;ed etiam ferueant, vt Apo­<lb/>ni iuxta Paduam: adeóque frequentes, vt <lb/>nulla propemodum prouincia his careat, <lb/>cùm in pluribus etiam multis in locis fon­<lb/>tes erumpant. </s> <s>Gallia abundat illis, multò <lb/>plus Germania, & longè magis omnium bo­<lb/>norum parens Italia. </s> <s>Cau&longs;am huius e&longs;&longs;e ne­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg267"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ce&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t ignem, aut putredinem, aut calo­<lb/>rem naturalem, vel cœle&longs;tem. </s> <s>Cœle&longs;tis haud <lb/>tantus e&longs;&longs;e pote&longs;t, præ&longs;ertim hyeme, noctú­<lb/>que, vt eo aquæ ferueant. </s> <s>Naturalis actu <lb/>non e&longs;t, ni&longs;i in animalibus, quoniam animam <lb/>& &longs;en&longs;um habent. </s> <s>Putridus tantus e&longs;&longs;e ne­<lb/>quit, nec verò &longs;imile e&longs;t materiam &longs;imul ge­<lb/>nerari ac putre&longs;cere. </s> <s>Diuturnitas enim hu­<lb/>ius miraculi declarat generationis ip&longs;ius ma­<lb/>teriæ nece&longs;&longs;itatem. </s> <s>Relinquitur igitur cau­<lb/>&longs;am potiùs in igne e&longs;&longs;e: nam calor ni&longs;i ad <lb/>&longs;ummum peruenerit, motum habet leuem, <lb/>& ob id &longs;ponte extinguitur. </s> <s>Sed ignis duæ <lb/>&longs;unt &longs;pecies, pruna & flamma. </s> <s>Flammam <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e ibi, non e&longs;t rationi con&longs;entaneum: nam <lb/>re&longs;piratione manife&longs;ta indiget, plurimum­<lb/>que ab&longs;umit materiæ, vt integri montes bi­<lb/>tuminis, vel <expan abbr="m&etilde;&longs;e">men&longs;e</expan> toto arderent. </s> <s>Terræmotus <pb pagenum="409"/>etiam frequens ob exhalationem &longs;equere­<lb/>tur: aqua verò adhuc longè e&longs;&longs;et feruidior, <lb/>aliquandoque vi&longs;a foret, erumperetque per <lb/>interualla his in locis, cum tamen nunquam <lb/>vi&longs;a &longs;it. </s> <s>Indicio e&longs;t flammam &longs;ub terra non <lb/>po&longs;&longs;e e&longs;&longs;e perpetuam, quòd vbi erumpit, <lb/>nunquam ni&longs;i per interualla id contigit. <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg268"></arrow.to.target><lb/>Contingit autem, vt ob&longs;eruatum e&longs;t, hoc <lb/>ob ventos. </s> <s>Nam quum venti &longs;æuiunt iux­<lb/>ta loca, è quibus flamma erumpere &longs;olet, <lb/>tunc po&longs;tridie, aut perendie, expectanda <lb/>e&longs;t. </s> <s>Hoc autem fit calore intimo, velut in <lb/>calce ab externo frigore intus coacto, in­<lb/>de accen&longs;o &longs;ulphure bitumineve, velut à <lb/>follibus flamma augetur. </s> <s>Hoc autem e&longs;t <lb/>quòd &longs;uprà demon&longs;trare polliciti &longs;umus, <lb/>dum de Ætnæ crateribus &longs;ermonem habe­<lb/>remus. </s> <s>Auctus igitur erumpit ea ratione, <lb/>quæ de cuniculis demon&longs;trata e&longs;t. </s> <s>Hæc <lb/>omnia ergo &longs;i conferantur inuicem, prunam <lb/>&longs;ube&longs;&longs;e certò concludemus. </s> <s>Sed vnde alitur, <lb/>vnde motus, vnde re&longs;piratio? </s> <s>his enim tri­<lb/>bus ignem indigere &longs;uperiùs e&longs;t demon&longs;tra­<lb/>tum. </s> <s>Re&longs;pirationem probet lapis aridus, ac <lb/>fungo&longs;us, ignem fouens non aliter ad vn­<lb/>guem quam calidus cinis. </s> <s>Motum exhihet <lb/>materia noua quæ perpetuo accenditur, <lb/>atque ita ignis &longs;edem mutans mouetur. </s> <s>Sic <lb/>enim in fuligine apud nos, quamdiu &longs;upere&longs;t <lb/>ignis &longs;erpens, &longs;eruatur. </s> <s>Nec idcircò conci­<lb/>pit flammam, quòd bitumen illud impu­<lb/>rum e&longs;t, atque terræ mi&longs;tum. </s> <s>In omnibus <lb/>igitur fuligini per&longs;imilis e&longs;t materia il­<lb/>la quæ &longs;ub terra ardet, vnde fuliginem <lb/>bituminis &longs;peciem e&longs;&longs;e haud dubium <lb/>e&longs;t. </s> <s>Cur igitur in flammam non erum­<lb/>pat, cau&longs;æ due &longs;unt: altera, quòd bitu­<lb/>men impurum &longs;it: reliqua, quòd non re&longs;­<lb/>pirat. </s> <s>Itaque fit vt tenuior quandoque pars <lb/>illius aecendatur, flammamque emittat, <lb/>tuncque terræ motus & &longs;onitus exauditur. <lb/>Sed materia non &longs;uppetente, quòd &longs;axo <lb/>mi&longs;ta &longs;it, nec benè re&longs;piret, non erumpit, <lb/>&longs;ed &longs;pontè mouetur. </s> <s>Sed quonam pacto <lb/>ignis conclu&longs;us non extinguitur, aut &longs;altem <lb/>dum materiam depa&longs;citur, &longs;edem non mu­<lb/>tat? </s> <s>Cur non extinguatur cau&longs;æ duæ &longs;unt, <lb/>bitumen & frigus aquæ, à quo cogitur calor <lb/>intus, nec &longs;ecus quam in calce ignem accen­<lb/>dit. </s> <s>Illud idem frigus ignem in loco eodem <lb/>retinet, qua &longs;emper &longs;ub aqua. </s> <s>Sed longo <lb/>&longs;patio aqua feruet, angu&longs;to erumpit. </s> <s>Verum <lb/>quòd paruus ignis tanto feruori &longs;ufficiat, <lb/>quatuor &longs;unt cau&longs;æ. </s> <s>Prima, quæ non re&longs;pi­<lb/>rat, vt in æ&longs;tuariis. </s> <s>Secunda lapidis natura <lb/>quæ tophus e&longs;t per &longs;e calidus, multum con­<lb/>cipiens caloris, ac &longs;tabilem redden&longs;que af­<lb/>fatim. </s> <s>Tertia cinis, quæ relictus e&longs;t calidus, <lb/>ac plurimus & &longs;uapte natura &longs;iccior: vnde <lb/>etiam infu&longs;a aqua hic no&longs;ter quæ longè <lb/>imbecillior e&longs;t, illam excalefacit. </s> <s>Accedit <lb/>vltimò quòd aqua illa diui&longs;a e&longs;t per riuu­<lb/>los, facileque ob id calorem concipiens ac <lb/>retinens, quæ &longs;i in vnum coacta e&longs;&longs;et, vix <lb/>totius montis incendio incale&longs;ceret, & ca­<lb/>lefacta celerrimè etiam rediret ad propriam <lb/>naturam: ob id nullum mare, nullus la­<lb/>cus, nullum flumen feruere pote&longs;t ob aqua­<lb/>rum abundantiam. </s> <s>Fontes, atque vt eò <lb/>minores, &longs;ic acrius &longs;ole eb<gap/>lliunt. </s> <s>Sed cur <lb/>non maior pars accenditur bituminis? </s> <s>quo­<lb/>niam &longs;olum id accendi pote&longs;t, quod ab <lb/>aqueo humido &longs;poliatur. </s> <s>Cùm verò totum <lb/>&longs;cateat hoc humido bitumen, atque hoc ip­<lb/>&longs;o à &longs;ulphure differat, priu&longs;que accendatur, <lb/>&longs;iccari nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t, diuque ob id proximo <lb/>igni etiam reluctari: ita fit vt valde &longs;en­<lb/>&longs;im ignis adiunctam &longs;ibi materiam depa&longs;ca­<lb/>tur. </s> <s>Cum igitur nec cre&longs;cere multum, nec <lb/>penitus extingui ignis ob dictas cau&longs;as <lb/>queat, multa verò &longs;it materia illi parata, <lb/>paucu&longs;que ad feruorem &longs;eruandum calor &longs;u&longs;­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg269"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ficiat, nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t ip&longs;um feruorem multis <lb/>&longs;eculis manere. </s> <s>Manife&longs;tum e&longs;t igitur, <lb/>quod omnes aqua, quæ feruent, natura le­<lb/>ues &longs;unt, & medica præditæ facultate. </s> <s>Sed <lb/>non talis e&longs;t, quæ v&longs;ui apta e&longs;t ad &longs;eruan­<lb/>dam valetudinem. </s> <s>Optima enim aqua co­<lb/>lore, odore, &longs;aporeque caret, pellucidaque <lb/>exi&longs;tit, atque epota non moratur in ventre: <lb/>talis Eulæi fluminis qui per Su&longs;ianam è <lb/>Zagro monte profluit, nam eam Per&longs;arum <lb/>Reges &longs;ecum in expeditionibus deferebant: <lb/>tantum fuit illis diligentiæ ad vitam tuen­<lb/>dam. </s> <s>Nam in eius con&longs;eruatione proxima <lb/>e&longs;t aëri aqua, vt in Commentariis &longs;uper <lb/>tractatu de Temperamentis Auicennæ de­<lb/>mon&longs;trauimus. </s> <s>Neque mirum videri debet <lb/>quòd Artaxerxes Longimanus tamdiu vi­<lb/>xerit, cum Per&longs;arum reges tantam curam in <lb/>aëre & aqua deligendis impenderent. </s> <s>Sed lo­<lb/>co Eulæi apud Ælianum Choa&longs;pem inue­<lb/>nio. </s> <s>Inueni & flumen e&longs;&longs;e iucundi&longs;&longs;imi &longs;a­<lb/>poris inter Gangem & Indum, ex quo quæ <lb/>non po&longs;&longs;unt regionis accolæ bibere, percur­<lb/>&longs;ores tran&longs;latis aquis bibunt. </s> <s>Sed Coa&longs;pes <lb/>in Mediæ regione e&longs;&longs;e creditur, Stabone ta­<lb/>men aliter &longs;entiente: &longs;ed &longs;i in India e&longs;&longs;et, <lb/>Per&longs;epolim vix transferri potuit. </s> <s>Coa&longs;pis <lb/>igitur aqua optima &longs;it: Eulæi verò iucunda, <lb/>& ip&longs;a, atque in v&longs;u Per&longs;arum regibus In­<lb/>diam optimas & iucundi&longs;&longs;imas aquas habe­<lb/>re certum e&longs;t. </s> <s>His proxima bonitate Niloti­<lb/>ca, reliquorum maiorum fluminum vix vlla <lb/>probatur. </s> <s>Sed de his &longs;pecialiter alibi tracta­<lb/>uimus. </s> <s>Sunt aliæ frigiditate celebres, olim ex <lb/>Corinthio agro è montis vertice fluens, ni­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg270"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ue frigidior. </s> <s>Refert Georg. </s> <s>Agricola intra <lb/>primum à Culma lapidem, In&longs;anam, voca­<lb/>tam, quæ cum feruere videatur, e&longs;&longs;e frigi­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg271"></arrow.to.target><lb/>di&longs;&longs;imam. </s> <s>In Bohemia rur&longs;us iuxta flumen <lb/><expan abbr="Egrã">Egram</expan>, Furio&longs;a, appellata, quæ & ip&longs;a ampul­<lb/>lis feruens non frigore, &longs;ed tonitru potiùs <lb/>edito in&longs;ignis: &longs;ic auribus cadendo ob&longs;trepit. <lb/>Simili modo po&longs;tquam Con&longs;tantien&longs;em la­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg272"></arrow.to.target><lb/>cum iuxta Scaphu&longs;iam exiuit è rupib. </s> <s>Rhe­<lb/>nus adeò altis præcipitatur, vt procul multis <lb/>pa&longs;&longs;uum millibus audiatur, propè verò to­<lb/>nitrui &longs;imilis fragor videatur. </s> <s>Nam &longs;trepi­<lb/>tus aquarum cau&longs;a e&longs;t ca&longs;us ab alto, aut exi­<lb/>tus cum impetu ex angu&longs;tis locis: &longs;icut frigo­<lb/>ris niues, marmora, metalla, cœlum rigens, <lb/>motu&longs;que rapidus, tum ca&longs;us ab alto, & quod <lb/>maximum e&longs;t, permi&longs;tio halinitri: nam hoc <lb/>inferius demon&longs;trabitur. </s> <s>Sed frigiditas hæc <lb/>in quibu&longs;dam fontibus perpetua non e&longs;t: ve­<lb/>lut in Hi&longs;paniæ agro quodam oppidi Pe&longs;­<lb/>queræ de Duero, iuxta magnum flumen Du­<lb/>rium, à Fortunatis di&longs;tat 11. partibus, ab æ­<lb/>quinoctij circulo 42. fons qui ab initio veris <pb pagenum="410"/>aquam profert, inde æ&longs;tate copio&longs;i&longs;&longs;imam: <lb/>autumni autem principio &longs;iccari incipit, <lb/>&longs;iccu&longs;que hyeme manet. </s> <s>Bla&longs;ius de Villa <lb/>Franca Hi&longs;panus medicus cau&longs;am e&longs;&longs;e pu­<lb/>tat (<expan abbr="nãm">namm</expan> is hoc &longs;crip&longs;it tanquam ei comper­<lb/>tum) profunditatem aluei, ob quam æ&longs;tate <lb/>non &longs;iccatur, hyeme à calidis vi&longs;ceribus ter­<lb/>ræ ab&longs;umitur. </s> <s>Sed nos o&longs;tendimus hyeme <lb/>terræ intima non &longs;impliciter e&longs;&longs;e calidiora <lb/>quam æ&longs;tate, &longs;ed comparatione ad aërem <lb/>habita. </s> <s>Quoniam igitur frigidi&longs;&longs;ima e&longs;t, ha­<lb/>linitro participat. </s> <s>Æ&longs;tate autem fluit deriua­<lb/>tis riuulis à montibus, cum niues liquari in­<lb/>cipiunt. </s> <s>Autumno &longs;iccatur, cum qu&ecedil; è mon­<lb/>tibus fluere de&longs;ierint &longs;ub terra, ob idque <lb/>hyeme &longs;iccus manet: neque enim niues &longs;ol­<lb/>uuntur ob gelu. </s> <s>Videtur autem hoc qua&longs;i <lb/>generale e&longs;&longs;e, vt vere & æ&longs;tate, magis tur­<lb/>geant fluuij, quam autumno, multò autem <lb/>minus hyeme. </s> <s>Di&longs;tet hic fons à Vagliadolit <lb/>Pintia, olim famo&longs;i&longs;&longs;ima vrbe, pa&longs;&longs;ibus XX. <lb/>M. </s> <s>Referunt etiam in Elbogano, aquam <lb/>&longs;trepere non leuiter, acidique e&longs;&longs;e &longs;aporis. <lb/>Meminit Ari&longs;toteles aquam fui&longs;&longs;e olim in <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg273"></arrow.to.target><lb/>Sicanio agro Siciliæ, qua incolæ, pro aceto <lb/>vterentur. </s> <s>Quid mirum? </s> <s>Accepi, iuxta Ro­<lb/>mam in Villa Cardinalis Triultij inuentam <lb/>&longs;aporis au&longs;teri aquam, atque eam &longs;aluberri­<lb/>mam, ob id &longs;olitam a&longs;portari longius vt vi­<lb/>no mi&longs;ceatur ad conciliandam gratiam. <lb/>Con&longs;tat autem alumine concocto, atque be­<lb/>ne temperato humido, fieri au&longs;trum: nam <lb/>&longs;ponte a&longs;trigens e&longs;t. </s> <s>Cum tamen vino <lb/>mi&longs;cetur alumen, creditur dy&longs;enterias <lb/>excitare. </s> <s>Sic referunt in Cardia iuxta lacum <lb/>Da&longs;cyli, in loco qui vocatur Campus al­<lb/>bus, aquam e&longs;&longs;e lacte dulciorem: aliam quo­<lb/>que iuxta pontem qua itur Valdeburgum. <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg274"></arrow.to.target><lb/>Sunt & quæ vinum referant, vt olim in Na­<lb/>xo in&longs;ula vna ex Cycladibus Ægei pelagi: <lb/>vnde in 3. Eleg. <lb/><emph type="quote"/><emph type="italics"/>En tibi per mediam bene olentia flumina. <lb/>Naxon, (<emph.end type="italics"/>Propertius. <lb/><emph type="italics"/>Vnde tuum potat Naxia turba merum:<emph.end type="italics"/><emph.end type="quote"/></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg264"></margin.target>Flumina <lb/>&longs;ub terra & <lb/>ex illa <lb/>erumpentia. <lb/>Specus &longs;ub <lb/>terra.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg265"></margin.target>Aqua pu­<lb/>teorum cur <lb/>byome cali­<lb/>dæ.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg266"></margin.target>Quomodo in <lb/>aridis locis <lb/>aqua an <lb/>&longs;ub&longs;it, & <lb/>qualis &longs;it, <lb/>exploremus.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg267"></margin.target>Fontium <lb/>feruentium <lb/>cau&longs;a.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg268"></margin.target>Incendia <lb/>montium cur <lb/>& quando <lb/>fiant.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg269"></margin.target>Optimæ a­<lb/>quæ.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg270"></margin.target>Aquæ frigi­<lb/>di&longs;&longs;imæ.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg271"></margin.target>Aquæ maxi­<lb/>mum edentes <lb/>&longs;trepitum.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg272"></margin.target>Cau&longs;a &longs;tre­<lb/>pitus aqua­<lb/>rum. <lb/>Cau&longs;a fri­<lb/>giditatis <lb/>aquarum.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg273"></margin.target>Aquarum <lb/>&longs;apores.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg274"></margin.target>Hydromel <lb/>tran&longs;it in <lb/>vinum ve­<lb/>tu&longs;tate. <lb/>Cau&longs;a &longs;apo­<lb/>ris <expan abbr="aquarũ">aquarum</expan>.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Quid mirum, cum referant Plin. </s> <s>& Dio&longs;­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg275"></arrow.to.target><lb/>cerides hydromel vetu&longs;tate tran&longs;ire in vi­<lb/>num. </s> <s>Ari&longs;toteles cau&longs;am &longs;aporum aquæ in <lb/>calorem retulit. </s> <s>Terra enim excocta mutat <lb/>& probet &longs;aporem aquæ. </s> <s>Sic etiam oleo per­<lb/>fu&longs;i fontes quidam videntur, vt in Saxonia <lb/>iuxta nobile Brunonis oppidum, & in Sue­<lb/>uia iuxta cœnobium, cui Deger&longs;e lacus no­<lb/>men e&longs;t: & rur&longs;us in valle montis Iura&longs;&longs;i. <lb/>Cau&longs;a e&longs;t bitumen valde pingue: nam bitu­<lb/>men oleum continere haud dubium e&longs;t. </s> <s>Ita­<lb/>que cum aqua eluitur oleo aqua innatanti, <lb/>fontem olei probet. </s> <s>Verum totum ex oleo <lb/>con&longs;tare haud credendum e&longs;t. </s> <s>Quid mirum <lb/>igitur Alexandri iuxta tabernaculum fon­<lb/>tem olei &longs;caturi&longs;&longs;e, vt Arianus omnium <lb/>Græcorum hi&longs;toricorum maximè verax re­<lb/>fert: Aut Romæ temporibus Augu&longs;ti At non <lb/>natus e&longs;t: non contendo, in his nihil refert, <lb/>quandoquidem o&longs;tendimus fieri po&longs;&longs;e, & <lb/>quomodo: nam rarò hæc eueniunt, & paucis <lb/>in locis, vnde prodigij loco habentur, cum <lb/>euenerint. </s> <s>Alij ad Deum talia referunt. </s> <s>Vnde <lb/>in Elide Peloponen&longs;i regione aqua Alphei <lb/>cineres &longs;acrificiorum Olympicorum in Mal­<lb/>tam cum tran&longs;irent, in &longs;uper&longs;tirionem ver­<lb/>&longs;um, quæ ob aqua pinguedinem fiebat. <lb/>Sunt & acres aquæ qua&longs;i pinguibus oppo&longs;i­<lb/>tæ, vt Golnicij. </s> <s>Eadem e&longs;t ratio calorum: <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg276"></arrow.to.target><lb/>nam candida ad &longs;ecundum lapidem à Clau­<lb/>ca Mi&longs;enæ oppido: rubea, vt in Radera <lb/>Mi&longs;enæ fluuio iuxta Radeburgum, & olim <lb/>in Iudæa iuxta Ioppen: viridis in Carpato <lb/>monte iuxta Neu&longs;olam: cærulea, vt Blaua <lb/>inter Feltrium ac Tarui&longs;ium, & in Ther­<lb/>mopylis etiam talem fui&longs;&longs;e referunt: ni­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg277"></arrow.to.target><lb/>gerrima in Alera fluuio Saxoniæ, vbi in <lb/>Vi&longs;urgim &longs;e exonerat. </s> <s>Cau&longs;æ &longs;unt argillæ <lb/>calores, &longs;ed tenuioris, nam cra&longs;&longs;a non hæ­<lb/>ret aqua ideò neque tingit. </s> <s>Quædam etiam <lb/>calorem mutant, vt Nilus cum &longs;iccitatibus <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg278"></arrow.to.target><lb/>are&longs;cit, autore Theophra&longs;to. </s> <s>Quædam ma­<lb/>nent incorruptæ, vt Tyberis. </s> <s>Similis ratio <lb/>differentiæ e&longs;t in odoribus. </s> <s>Plerunque tamen <lb/>aquarum odores iniucundi &longs;unt, quòd ( vt <lb/>dictum e&longs;t ) rarò terra benè oleat. </s> <s>Pe&longs;&longs;imè <lb/>olim fœtebat in Elide Anigri fluminis <lb/>aqua, v&longs;que ad perniciem non &longs;olùm pi&longs;­<lb/>cium, &longs;ed hominum. </s> <s>Et iuxta Methonem in <lb/>Me&longs;&longs;ana in puteo quodam optimè olens <lb/>haurirebatur aqua: odor enim referebat <lb/>Cyzicenum empla&longs;trum. </s> <s>Porrò Cyzicenum <lb/>empla&longs;trum croco, myrrha, thure, & iride <lb/>radice, redolentibus &longs;uauiter con&longs;tabat. </s> <s>Ma­<lb/>nife&longs;tum e&longs;t igitur, quòd contrariorum con­<lb/>trariæ &longs;unt cau&longs;æ: & quòd &longs;alubres quæ be­<lb/>ne olent, & prauæ quæ fœtent. </s> <s>Habent & <lb/>vim aliæ aquæ alias progignendi plantas, <lb/>atque illud perpetua ratione ob&longs;eruatum e&longs;t. <lb/>Nam Mæander fluuius myricas, A&longs;opus <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg279"></arrow.to.target><lb/>Bœotius inncos altis cum radicibus, Nilus <lb/>Per&longs;iam arborem nutrit. </s> <s>Atque ex his etiam <lb/>vires aquarum coniectari licebit. </s> <s>Sunt au­<lb/>tem aliæ graues, aliæ leues. </s> <s>Leuior e&longs;t omnis <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg280"></arrow.to.target><lb/>aqua, Ari&longs;totele te&longs;te, non &longs;olum in flumini­<lb/>bus, &longs;ed fontibus ac puteis, quæ &longs;uperna­<lb/>tat: &longs;icut graui&longs;&longs;ima, quæ in imo: eadem <lb/>ratio partium, quæ totius. </s> <s>De&longs;cendunt <lb/>enim quæque grauia: quæ autem leuia, <lb/>&longs;upernatant. </s> <s>Refer Strabo, Eulæi aquam <lb/>aliis drachma, &longs;ub acetabuli men&longs;ura fui&longs;­<lb/>&longs;e leuiorem. </s> <s>E&longs;t autem hoc iuxta Plinij <lb/>doctrinam, parte quintadecima. </s> <s>Sed ab <lb/>his ad aquarum miracula tran&longs;eamus. </s> <s>Sunt <lb/>enim aquæ maximarum virium, vt etiam <lb/>ligna in lapides vertere &longs;oleant. </s> <s>Refert <lb/>Albertus Magnus, in Danico mari iux­<lb/>ta Lubecen&longs;em vrbem, &longs;ua ætate inuen­<lb/>tum arboris ramum cum nido & pullis; <lb/>qui cùm in lapidem cum arbore & ni­<lb/>do e&longs;&longs;ent conuer&longs;i, purpureum tamen ad­<lb/>huc colorem &longs;uum retinebant. </s> <s>Et Ceor­<lb/>gius Agricola in Elbogano tractu iuxta <lb/>oppidum à Falconibus cognominatum, in­<lb/>tegras cum cortice abietes in lapidem ver­<lb/>&longs;as e&longs;&longs;e: atque quod maius e&longs;t, in rimis <lb/>etiam pyritidem lapidem continere. </s> <s>Et <lb/>Domitius Bru&longs;onius in Sylare amne, qui <lb/>radices montis eius, qui e&longs;t in agro vrbis <lb/>Vr&longs;entinorum olim, nunc Contur&longs;ij, lam­<lb/>bit, folia & arborum ramos in lapides tran­<lb/>&longs;ire, non fide aliorum, &longs;ed propria, vt qui <lb/>incola &longs;it regionis. </s> <s>Cortices autem lapidum <lb/>annos numero o&longs;ten dere. </s> <s>Sic guttæ Gottici <lb/>fontis (hoc enim nomen à vulgo inditum e&longs;t) <lb/>&longs;par&longs;æ lapide&longs;cunt. </s> <s>Et in Dacia, Cepu&longs;ij <pb pagenum="411"/>aqua in vrceos transfu&longs;a lapide&longs;cit. </s> <s>Non <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg281"></arrow.to.target><lb/>tamen horum omnium eadem ratio: nam <lb/>quæ calore mutant alia in lapides, tutò bi­<lb/>bi po&longs;&longs;unt, quoniam circa omnes calidas <lb/>aquas fungo&longs;i lapides generantur: at <lb/>qui fontes concre&longs;cunt, frigore gyp&longs;ei <lb/>&longs;unt, ac non veneni expertes: nam fri­<lb/>gus omnia durat, & cogit in lapides. </s> <s>Ob <lb/>id in fluminum alueis, & ob perennem <lb/>motum, qui terram aufert, lapidum copia <lb/>&longs;emper fermè ade&longs;t, ni lento motu fluant. <lb/>In mari tamen lapides ( Ari&longs;totele te&longs;te) &longs;ic <lb/>generantur. </s> <s>Ex collu&longs;ione enim fluctuum <lb/>&longs;puma gignitur, quæ ab aliis rur&longs;us flucti­<lb/>bus cogitur, demum à &longs;al&longs;ugine &longs;iccata, addi­<lb/>taque arena tenuiore, concre&longs;cit in lapidem. <lb/>Et quamvis h&ecedil;c de lapidibus tantum dicta <lb/>&longs;int, qui in mati generantur. </s> <s>De omnibus <lb/>tamen erunt intelligenda, qui in aquis or­<lb/>tum habent. </s> <s>Sed in fluminibus & torrenti­<lb/>bus ac frontibus frigiditas e&longs;t loco &longs;al&longs;ugi­<lb/>nis, quæ cogit. </s> <s>Hæc autem calor e&longs;t qui­<lb/>dam: nam calorum quidam di&longs;&longs;oluendo, <lb/>quidam cogendo, vtrique autem <expan abbr="concoqu&etilde;-do">concoquen­<lb/>do</expan> generant. </s> <s>Qui autem cogendo, frigidi­<lb/>tas ob id dicitur, quia Galeno te&longs;te, nihil <lb/>in homine frigido coactum e&longs;t. </s> <s>Minor ita­<lb/>que e&longs;t, hic calor humano quamobrem fri­<lb/>giditatem appellamus. </s> <s>Communia igitur <lb/>&longs;unt, à tenuiore terra & à &longs;puma generari. <lb/>In torrentibus igitur plures generantur la­<lb/>pides & in fluuis currrentibus, quoniam <lb/>arena tenuior, & frigiditas maior, & &longs;puma <lb/>copio&longs;ior. </s> <s>Manife&longs;tum e&longs;t autem quòd &longs;pu­<lb/>ma con&longs;tat pinguiore aquæ parte: at­<lb/>que &longs;ic lapides viuunt, nam & &longs;ic plan­<lb/>tæ oriuntur. </s> <s>Ari&longs;toteli igitur hoc debe­<lb/>mus, qui nobis tot bonorum &longs;emina re­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg282"></arrow.to.target><lb/>liquit. </s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg275"></margin.target>Fontes <expan abbr="oleũ">oleum</expan> <lb/>&longs;tillantes. <lb/>Cur fontes <lb/>oleum <expan abbr="&longs;till&etilde;t">&longs;tillent</expan>.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg276"></margin.target>Aquarum <lb/>colores.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg277"></margin.target>Cau&longs;æ colo­<lb/>rum aquæ.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg278"></margin.target>Aquarum <lb/>odores.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg279"></margin.target>Aquæ arbo­<lb/>res diuer&longs;as <lb/>nutrientes.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg280"></margin.target>Aquarum à <lb/>pondere dif­<lb/>ferentiæ. <lb/>Lib. </s> <s>15. in fi­<lb/>ne. <lb/>Lib. </s> <s>21. cap. <lb/>vlt. <lb/>Aquæ qua <lb/>lapide&longs;cunt. <lb/>& arbores <lb/>mutant.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg281"></margin.target>Ratio corum <lb/>quæ lapide&longs;­<lb/>cunt.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg282"></margin.target>Aqua Sty­<lb/>gia.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Sunt & alia aquarum miracula. </s> <s>Nam ru­<lb/>pe alti&longs;&longs;ima iuxta Cyllenem montem olim <lb/>oriebatur aqua, quæ omnia va&longs;a terrebra­<lb/>bat, &longs;olaque equi vngula licebat eam de­<lb/>ferre. </s> <s>Hanc Stygiam vocabant, credo quòd <lb/>ad manes homines mitteret. </s> <s>Referunt ea <lb/>&longs;ublatum Alexandrum Magnum. </s> <s>Mi&longs;cetur <lb/>hæc aqua po&longs;tquàm pet riuulos de&longs;cenderit <lb/>Crathin fluuio. </s> <s>Io&longs;ephus quoque Iudæus <lb/>refert, fui&longs;&longs;e iuxta Syriam in Iudæa inter <lb/>Arcas & Raphanas vrbes Agrippæ &longs;ubie­<lb/>ctas regi, fluuium nomine Sabbaticum, qui <lb/>diebus &longs;ingulis flueret præterquam Sabba­<lb/>to, vnde ob hoc Sabbaticum nuncupatum. <lb/>Relatum ad religionem à rudi & credula <lb/>plebe, quòd cau&longs;a naturali con&longs;tat. </s> <s>Nam <lb/>tantum aquarum cogebatur, vt in &longs;ex dies <lb/>&longs;ufficeret, &longs;eptimæ non &longs;ufficeret. </s> <s>Ea­<lb/>dem enim cau&longs;a in circuitibus febrium <lb/>hominibus. </s> <s>Mundus autem homo ma­<lb/>gnus. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Communia autem &longs;unt aquis & aëri, <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg283"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&ecedil;theri ac cœlo, motus ac per&longs;picuitas. </s> <s>Æthe­<lb/>ri propria leuitas, puritas, tenuitas, motus <lb/>celerrimus, & quod &longs;it qualitatum expers, <lb/>non tamen magis, quàm cœlum. </s> <s>Aquæ verò <lb/>quoniam multæ &longs;unt &longs;pecies, ideò nihil fer­<lb/>mè pote&longs;t habere commune. </s> <s>Sunt enim <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg284"></arrow.to.target><lb/>aquæ maris, lacus, fluminum, paludum, &longs;ta­<lb/>gnorum, torrentium, fontium, puteorum, <lb/>nimbo&longs;æ, procello&longs;&ecedil;, niuo&longs;&ecedil;, glaciales, ca­<lb/>lidæ, & quæ ci&longs;terna colliguntur, & lacuna­<lb/>les, vt ita dicam. </s> <s>Optimæ fontium: glacia­<lb/>lis ventriculum & artus debilitat, vt niuo­<lb/>&longs;a, ac procello&longs;a, ex alto enim & frigido lo­<lb/>co illa de&longs;cendit: minus tamen mala quàm <lb/>niuo&longs;a, vt illa glaciali: marina medicinæ <lb/>ap ta. </s> <s>Torrentium & rapidorum fluuiorum, <lb/>& lacuum aqua, &longs;ed hæc minus, hydropis <lb/>genus creat quod vocant a&longs;citem. </s> <s>Mollium <lb/>fluuiorum aquæ, vt Nili, Eridani, Tyberis, <lb/>proximæ fontanis: paludum mala, &longs;tagno­<lb/>rum deterior, pe&longs;&longs;ima lacunæ: nam pr&ecedil;ter <lb/>hydropem, gulu herniam gignit: malum ha­<lb/>bitum creat corporis, & morbum regium, <lb/>febres, ac breuem vitam. </s> <s>Calidarum non vna <lb/>vis: &longs;ed de his in medicis tractationibus di­<lb/>ctum e&longs;t, &longs;icut & de collectis in ci&longs;terna: <lb/>Nimbo&longs;æ fal&longs;um ( vt dixi) ac &longs;emiputridum <lb/>continent. </s> <s>Leui&longs;&longs;imæ in omni genere tutio­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg285"></arrow.to.target><lb/>res, & &longs;eriùs putre&longs;cunt: &longs;unt enim minus <lb/>humidæ, & magis concoctæ à cœle&longs;ti calo­<lb/>re: quo fit, vt quò &longs;unt &longs;icciores, & minus <lb/>etiam frigefaciant ( proximiores enim aëris <lb/>&longs;ub&longs;tantiæ &longs;unt ) eò leuiores &longs;int, diffici­<lb/>liu&longs;que putre&longs;cant, vnde longè <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> &longs;alu­<lb/>briores. </s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg283"></margin.target>Aether & <lb/>aqua in qui­<lb/>bus conue­<lb/>niant ac <lb/>di&longs;&longs;ideant.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg284"></margin.target>Aquarum à <lb/>locis <expan abbr="differ&etilde;">differem</expan> <lb/>tiæ. <lb/>Aquarum <lb/>naturæ ac <lb/>vires.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg285"></margin.target>Cur leui&longs;&longs;s­<lb/>mæ aquæ <lb/>tardè putre­<lb/>&longs;cant.</s></p><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"/>LIBER TERTIVS.<emph.end type="center"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"/>De Cœlo.<emph.end type="center"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s>DICTVM e&longs;t &longs;atis de Elemen­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg286"></arrow.to.target><lb/>tis, nunc de Cœlo tractandum <lb/>e&longs;t, &longs;eu illud æternum &longs;it, vt <lb/>putat Ari&longs;toteles: &longs;eu genitum, <lb/>vt Plato: &longs;eu factum, vt Theo­<lb/>logi, variam &longs;ub&longs;tantiam videtur habere. <lb/>Iam primùm, quòd Albericus Ve&longs;putius <lb/>in &longs;ua tertia ad Indos nauigatione diligen­<lb/>ter hæc de &longs;tellarum magnitudine tradidit, <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e &longs;cilicet Canopos tres magnos, &longs;ed haud <lb/>claros: primum &longs;cilicet, partibus nouem <lb/>cum dimidio ab au&longs;trali polo: &longs;ecundum, <lb/>duodecim: tertium, qui triginta duabus <lb/>partibus ab eodem polo di&longs;tat, maximum <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg287"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;ed &longs;ubnigrum. </s> <s>Conciliator refert, & ip&longs;e <lb/>aliorum tum narrationi innitens, a&longs;tra ibi <lb/>quædam magna e&longs;&longs;e ac parum &longs;plendi­<lb/>da, qualia &longs;uprà retulimus. </s> <s>Ptolemæus <lb/>etiam Canopi mentionem facit vt præ­<lb/>clari &longs;yderis, haud tamen magnitudinem <pb pagenum="412"/>de&longs;cribit. </s> <s>Sed & hunc tum vltimum e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>reor de&longs;criptorum à Ve&longs;putio. </s> <s>Ille quidem <lb/>noti&longs;&longs;imus, & e&longs;t in temone nauis. </s> <s>Verùm <lb/>duo illi proximiores au&longs;trali polo ignoti <lb/>quondam, nebulis a&longs;&longs;imilantur, in quarum <lb/>medio &longs;tella iacet, vt nebulæ illæ den&longs;iorem <lb/>cœli partem eam e&longs;&longs;e doceant, & &longs;tellarum <lb/>chorum paruarum. </s> <s>Cæterùm vt Cor&longs;alus <lb/>Florentinus, refert, crux illa viginti par­<lb/>tibus à polo au&longs;trali di&longs;tans, more Vr&longs;æ no­<lb/>bis, aut Currus circumuertitur illi, &longs;ed lon­<lb/>gè &longs;plendidior. </s> <s>Sunt & &longs;ex &longs;tellæ &longs;plendi­<lb/>di&longs;&longs;imæ, litui formam referentes, è quibus <lb/>vna Canopus e&longs;t, ex his qui dicti &longs;unt. </s> <s>Stel­<lb/>larum etiam colores diuer&longs;i, tum magni­<lb/>tudines, ac &longs;plendores tum Lunæ macula, <lb/>o&longs;tendunt variam e&longs;&longs;e cœli &longs;ub&longs;tantiam, at­<lb/>que in meridionali plaga maiores longè, & <lb/>qua&longs;dam claritate non inferiores his fixas. <lb/>Nam maior Canis e&longs;t vltra æquinoctialem <lb/>circulum, qui quantum luceat, omnes vi­<lb/>dere po&longs;&longs;unt. </s> <s>Canopum verò magnum e&longs;­<lb/>&longs;e con&longs;tat, & minus ab Antarctico polo di­<lb/>&longs;tare part. </s> <s>38. Sed & in Alexandria totum <lb/>cælum, partibus &longs;olum 41. exceptis, vide­<lb/>tur. </s> <s>Longè enim plus de cœlo quàm terra <lb/>cognitum e&longs;t, quòd cœlum in &longs;ublimi po­<lb/>&longs;itum &longs;it, & perpetuò moueatur. </s> <s>His dua­<lb/>bus cau&longs;is penè totum cognitum e&longs;t: nam <lb/>&longs;olùm XXXI. partes circa polum au&longs;tralem <lb/>cognitæ non fuêre Ptolemæo. </s> <s>Itaque ex <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg288"></arrow.to.target><lb/>Archimedis demon&longs;tratione, fermè vna <lb/>parte ex tredecim, vel paulò minus inco­<lb/>guitum cogniti e&longs;t: totius igitur cœli <lb/>quartadecima &longs;olùm pars Ptolemæo ignota <lb/>fuit. </s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg286"></margin.target>Sul &longs;t<gap/>tia <lb/>cœlt inæ­<lb/>qualis & <lb/>varia.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg287"></margin.target>Iu&longs;ta Au­<lb/>&longs;tralem po­<lb/>lum &longs;ydera <lb/>maxima.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg288"></margin.target>Lib. </s> <s>1. de <lb/>Sph. </s> <s>& cy­<lb/>lin. </s> <s>prepo&longs;. <lb/>40. & 41. <lb/>vel li. </s> <s>2. pro <lb/>po&longs;. </s> <s>3.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Quæret for&longs;an qui&longs;piam de Luna, an il­<lb/>lius vniuer&longs;um lumen à &longs;ole pondeat? </s> <s>Non <lb/>equidem, at multò minus &longs;yderum reliquo­<lb/>rum. </s> <s>Con&longs;tat enim in deliquiis maximis <lb/>eam rubere, vt ignis prunam quandam, & <lb/>hoc iam illi lumen proprium e&longs;t: verum <lb/>cùm nocte nihil igne ob&longs;curius procul vi­<lb/>deatur, & flamma rubra appareat, cum <lb/>Luna tam procul in deliquiis nobis &longs;it, <lb/>manife&longs;tum e&longs;t Lunam quacunque flam­<lb/>ma, & candela lumen clarius proprium <lb/>habere. </s> <s>Finge igitur maximæ flammæ at­<lb/>que clari&longs;&longs;imæ, Lunam &longs;pontè & nullis <lb/>radiis Solis adiutam e&longs;&longs;e per&longs;imilem: dein­<lb/>de cogita, quantò Luna Solis adiuta lumi­<lb/>nibus, vt in plenilunio, &longs;eip&longs;a clarior e&longs;t, in <lb/>deliquio po&longs;ita: facilè intelliges Lunam ra­<lb/>diis Solis illu&longs;tratam, Sole ip&longs;o e&longs;&longs;e &longs;plen­<lb/>didorem ac clariorem, ita vt nec aquilæ <lb/>oculus, quam ferunt &longs;ecurè Solem in&longs;pi­<lb/>cere, eam audeat intueri. </s> <s>Huius rur&longs;us <lb/>comparationem ad Solis iubar facias, haud <lb/>dubi&ecedil; con&longs;tat non fal&longs;um e&longs;&longs;e Prophetæ di­<lb/>ctum, Solem & Lunam, ac &longs;tellas ea die <lb/>&longs;eptuplum luminis habituras, cùm nunc <lb/>in cœlo longè maius &longs;eptuplo quàm hic <lb/>cernatur, clarum obtineant, atque fœcun­<lb/>dum lumen. </s> <s>Ergo &longs;upra &ecedil;thera adeò om­<lb/>nia &longs;plendent ac coru&longs;cant, vt &longs;i etiam <lb/>tempore deliquij Lunam in ip&longs;o po&longs;iti in­<lb/>&longs;piceremus, non &longs;ecus ac innumeris cereis <lb/>&longs;plendidi&longs;&longs;imis accen&longs;is, atque in eos ocu­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg289"></arrow.to.target><lb/>lis defixis, ob &longs;plendorem cæcutiremus. </s> <s>Sed <lb/>cur &longs;cintillare videntur a&longs;tra? </s> <s>Quoniam cœ­<lb/>li &longs;ub&longs;tantia cùm &longs;it rari&longs;&longs;imà, radij ad nos <lb/>venientes &longs;&ecedil;piùs, &longs;ed tamen &longs;emper ad per­<lb/>pendicularem franguntur: ob id cùm aër <lb/>moueatur, &longs;icut lapilli in imo fontis treme­<lb/>re videntur ob motum fluentis aque, ita il­<lb/>l&ecedil; titubare videntur. </s> <s>Hoc autem in lumini­<lb/>bus dicitur &longs;cintillare. </s> <s>Stellæ autem erran­<lb/>tes & Luna non &longs;cintillant, quia robu&longs;tis <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg290"></arrow.to.target><lb/>viribus radij ad nos perueniunt: &longs;unt enim <lb/>longè nobis fixis propiores. </s> <s>Indicio e&longs;t &longs;io <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e, quòd cùm magis &longs;cintillant, & plane­<lb/>t&ecedil; etiam non &longs;cintillare, &longs;oliti, ventum fu­<lb/>turum pr&ecedil;dicunt. </s> <s>Nam medius aër qui e&longs;t <lb/>in &longs;ublimi dum vehementius agitatur, effi­<lb/>cit vt frequentius, & magis &longs;cintillare vi­<lb/>deantur. </s> <s>Mars verò cùm &longs;ubob&longs;curus &longs;it, <lb/>ac rubens, & ip&longs;e &longs;cintillat, apud eos ma­<lb/>ximè qui debiliter cernunt. </s> <s>Nam & hoc <lb/>iuxta rationem conuenit, quòd qui debi­<lb/>lius cernunt, &longs;cintillare plus &longs;tellas &longs;ibi per­<lb/>&longs;uadent. </s> <s>Eadem verò ratione quæ vltra <lb/>æquinoctialem &longs;unt &longs;tellæ plus &longs;cintillant, <lb/>&longs;unt enim remotiores. </s> <s>Vnde etiam Canis <lb/>maior, quæ minus ob &longs;plendorem &longs;cintil­<lb/>lare deberet, & ob magnitudinem plus &longs;cin­<lb/>tillat, abe&longs;t enim plurimum. </s> <s>Et &longs;tellas vide­<lb/>bis vna in parte cœli plus &longs;cintillare, in <lb/>alia minus, parum in vertice, & quæ mul­<lb/>tum &longs;plendent, & magnæ & qu&ecedil; iuxta po­<lb/>los, nam ibi minus aër mouetur, & ibi nul­<lb/>li &longs;unt venti. </s> <s>Scintillant autem maximè qu&ecedil; <lb/>longè di&longs;tant iuxta æquinoctialem ( nam <lb/>ibi æther celerrimè fertur ) & paruæ, & <lb/>maximè &longs;i ea parte ventus in &longs;ublimi per­<lb/>&longs;tet. </s> <s>Ei&longs;dem verò rationibus etiam lon­<lb/>gè minores videntur, & altiores quàm &longs;int. <lb/>Contraria verò ratione lapilli in qua & pi&longs;­<lb/>ces, maiores videntur quàm &longs;int: & aqua <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg291"></arrow.to.target><lb/>omnis minor cùm à latere in&longs;picitur, & mi­<lb/>nus profunda iudicatur. </s> <s>Ideoque non ani­<lb/>maduertentes quidam, deceptique pericu­<lb/>lum &longs;ubmer&longs;ionis incurrerunt. </s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg289"></margin.target>Cur a&longs;tra <lb/>&longs;cintillare <lb/>videntur.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg290"></margin.target>Signum v<gap/>­<lb/>ti futuri.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg291"></margin.target>Stellæ longè <lb/>minores & <lb/>altiores <lb/>quam &longs;int, <lb/>videntur.</s></p><figure></figure><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Huius itaque cau&longs;am o&longs;tendamus, & alio­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg292"></arrow.to.target><lb/>rum quæ dicenda &longs;unt, res quæ videntur, <lb/>quo in loco e&longs;&longs;e videantur. </s> <s>Itaque omnis res <lb/>quæ videtur, ibi e&longs;&longs;e apparet, vbi e&longs;t concur­<lb/>&longs;us perpendicularis rei vi&longs;æ, ducta ex ea &longs;u­<lb/>per medium quod e&longs;t cau&longs;a videndi, & li­<lb/>neæ per quam res vi&longs;a videtur, quæ &longs;emper <lb/>à re vi&longs;a ad oculum tendit. </s> <s>Sit igitur pri­<lb/>mò oculus in A, & res in B, in eodem me­<lb/>dio tunc videbitur B, in loco &longs;uo, quia linea <lb/>perpendicularis e&longs;t eadem lineæ ad oculum <pb pagenum="413"/>tendenti. </s> <s>Sit rur&longs;us A oculus in aëre, B <lb/>res vi&longs;a in aqua, perpendicularis ad aë­<lb/>rem BE, rectà BFA, inflectatur à perpen­<lb/>diculari ad oculum ex, F, vt fiat BFC, pro­<lb/>ducatur CF, in D, & B, videbitur in <lb/>C, igitur aquæ altitudo videbitur &longs;olùm <lb/>DE, Rur&longs;us &longs;tella in cœlo D cœlum quic­<lb/>quid e&longs;t &longs;upra EF, perpendicularis DE, ra­<lb/>dius qui directè procedit DFC, cùm per­<lb/>uenit ad F, medium den&longs;ius, id e&longs;t, ad <lb/>aërem, inflectitur ver&longs;us cathetum, &longs;itque <lb/>DFA, per quem oculus A, videt D, &longs;tel­<lb/>lam: producatur ergo AF, directè, & vi­<lb/>debitur D in B, vbi &longs;cilicet concurrunt ca­<lb/>thetus DE, ex re vi&longs;a ad medium, & li­<lb/>nea B F A, cùm dirigitur à parte illa quæ <lb/>ad oculum pertingit, id e&longs;t, pars AF, ocu­<lb/>lum tangens. <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg293"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg292"></margin.target>Res quæ vi­<lb/>detur vbi <lb/>&longs;emper appa­<lb/>ret.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg293"></margin.target>Cur &longs;tellæ <lb/>multò minus <lb/>&longs;ublimes iu­<lb/>dicentur <lb/>quàm &longs;int. <lb/>Sydera om­<lb/>ma cur in <lb/>oriente & oc­<lb/>cidente, ma­<lb/>iora videan­<lb/>tur.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>At dices, &longs;tellæ multò propriùs videntur <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e quàm &longs;int, &longs;i vera &longs;unt quæ A&longs;trologi <lb/>de illarum referunt altitudine: non igitur <lb/>altiores e&longs;&longs;e videntur quàm &longs;int. </s> <s>Fateor lon­<lb/>gè eas propius exi&longs;timari: &longs;ed alia cau&longs;a, ea <lb/>&longs;cilicet quòd medium &longs;patium inter nos & <lb/>illas non compræhenditur: ob id contra­<lb/>ria ratione a&longs;tra omnia dum oriuntur & <lb/>occidunt, maiora videntur, quàm in cœ­<lb/>li medio, quoniam terræ magnitudo in­<lb/>termedia facit, vt oculus ea plus di&longs;tare <lb/>exi&longs;timet, & ob id e&longs;&longs;e maiora: nam & <lb/>turris vlna maior iudicatur ab oculo illius <lb/>di&longs;tantiam compræhendente, tamet&longs;i mino­<lb/>rem angulum in oculo faciat vlna ip&longs;a. </s> <s>Ob <lb/>id igitur a&longs;tra propinqua videntur quòd <lb/>nullum e&longs;t medium corpus inter ip&longs;a & <lb/>oculum, cuius longitudinem oculus depræ­<lb/>hendere po&longs;&longs;it, atque ob id ip&longs;a exi&longs;ti­<lb/>mare procul abe&longs;&longs;e, quamvis ( vt dixi ) <lb/>medij ratio ea altiora o&longs;tendat. </s> <s>Sed quòd <lb/>&longs;tellæ in Oriente, & Occidente maiores <lb/>videantur, facit & den&longs;itas aëris, non in <lb/>qua nos &longs;umus, &longs;ed quæ procul à nobis <lb/>e&longs;t. </s> <s>Argumento id e&longs;&longs;e debet, quòd nebu­<lb/>lo&longs;o tempore a&longs;tra etiam longè maiora vi­<lb/>dentur. </s> <s>Hoc autem e&longs;&longs;e non po&longs;&longs;et, &longs;i ob &longs;o­<lb/>lam di&longs;tantiam id contingeret. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Sed ad narrationem loci in quo res e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>videtur, exemplis peruenio. </s> <s>Sit oculus A, <lb/>res vi&longs;a B, &longs;peculum CD, ducatur BF, per­<lb/><figure id="fig21"></figure><lb/>pendicularis ad &longs;uperficiem &longs;peculi intelli­<lb/>gendo exten&longs;am, non enim nece&longs;&longs;arium <lb/>e&longs;t, vt tangat, & ducatur BE, reflexa ad <lb/>A, ita quòd angulus BEC &longs;it æqualis AED, <lb/>hoc enim nece&longs;&longs;arium e&longs;t in omni radij re­<lb/>flexione à &longs;peculo cuiu&longs;cunque generis: du­<lb/>cta igitur parte reflexa AE, concurrat in <lb/>F, & ibi videbitur e&longs;&longs;e B, cui con&longs;entit <lb/>experimentum. </s> <s>In cauo etiam &longs;peculo CD, <lb/>cuius centrum E, res quæ videtur primò </s></p><p type="main"> <s><arrow.to.target n="marg294"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ponatur B, per radium reflexum BCA ad <lb/>oculum, & manife&longs;tum e&longs;t, quòd perpen­<lb/>dicularis erit BF, cui occurrat AC, reflexa <lb/>in puncto F, & hîc erit locus vbi videbi­<lb/>tur ab oculo A e&longs;&longs;e B, res quæ videtur, quò <lb/>fit vt non quemadmodum in priore figura <lb/>B appareat in F, in directo &longs;ui. </s> <s>Hîc enim <lb/><figure id="fig22"></figure><lb/>plerunque videbitur non in directo F, ip­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg295"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;ius B, eò quòd oculus iudicat ad compa­<lb/>rationem plani cuiu&longs;dam D K, &longs;uperiacen­<lb/>tis &longs;peculo, & tamen punctus F, & ca­<lb/>thetus &longs;umitur à puncto E, quem oculus <lb/>nec videt, nec comprehendit. </s> <s>Sit rur&longs;us <lb/>G, quod videtur in cauo &longs;peculo, & per­<lb/>pendicularis GEF, nece&longs;&longs;ariò erit, & per <lb/>GDA, reflexum radium videatur ab A ocu­<lb/>lo, igitur radius A D, occurret catheto in <lb/>H: igitur res videbitur in H, & ita in aëre <lb/><figure id="fig23"></figure><lb/>extra &longs;peculum: & e&longs;t mirabile, &longs;ed con­<lb/>&longs;entit tamen experimento. </s> <s>Verùm longè <lb/>meliùs in magnis &longs;peculis hæc fieri vidi­<lb/>mus, vt pror&longs;us &longs;it res miraculo &longs;imilis. <lb/>Sed fit etiam in aliis &longs;peculorum &longs;peciebus <lb/>velut conuexis, rotundis, ac columnari­<lb/>bus. </s> <s>Additur miraculo maius miraculum, <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg296"></arrow.to.target><lb/>cùm res quæ non e&longs;t in aëre videtur, dæ­<lb/>monum imitatione propo&longs;ita, vt Vi­<lb/>tellio docuit: cuius rationem inferius, <lb/>dum de luce & lumine loquemur, expo­<lb/>nemus. </s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg294"></margin.target>In cauis &longs;pe­<lb/>culis res ma­<lb/>gis latere <lb/>videntur, <lb/>quàm &longs;int <lb/>plerumque.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg295"></margin.target>Quomodo r<gap/><lb/>imago è &longs;pe­<lb/>culo in aëre <lb/>videatur.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg296"></margin.target>Lib. </s> <s>7. cap. <lb/>vlt.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Igitur vt ad vltimum genus perueniam, <lb/>po&longs;ito rur&longs;us conuexo &longs;peculo CD, & ocu­<lb/>lo A, & B, re vi&longs;a, cathetus ad centrum &longs;pe­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg297"></arrow.to.target><lb/>culi BD GE, & illi occurrit radius refle­<lb/>xus AFC, in G, videbitur B. </s> <s>Eadem ratio <lb/>in colùmnaribus & conicis locum rei vi&longs;æ <lb/>o&longs;tendit. </s> <s>Iam ergo tria &longs;unt, quæ nece&longs;&longs;a­<lb/>ria &longs;unt ad vi&longs;um: locus rei vi&longs;æ, & vt res <lb/>non &longs;it minor ea quæ minima e&longs;t, quæ &longs;ub <lb/>ea di&longs;tantia videre pote&longs;t: eam enim in qua­<lb/>cunque di&longs;tantia inueniri e&longs;t nece&longs;&longs;arium, <lb/>&longs;cilicet minimam, & quòd omnis res mini­<lb/>ma minor, e&longs;t ac &longs;i non e&longs;&longs;et. </s></p><pb pagenum="414"/><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg297"></margin.target>Tria quæ ne­<lb/>ce&longs;&longs;aria &longs;unt <lb/>ad vi&longs;us ra­<lb/>tionem a&longs;&longs;e­<lb/>quendam.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Hoc enim modo haud difficile e&longs;t cau­<lb/>&longs;am cogno&longs;cere, cur a&longs;tra, cùm plana <expan abbr="videã-tur">videan­<lb/>tur</expan>, &longs;int tamen rotunda: nam linea quæ à <lb/>puncto D ad A oculum dirigitnr, non e&longs;t <lb/>minor linea BA, nec CA, ni&longs;i in vna linea, <lb/>quæ minor e&longs;t DE: eò fit vt cùm linea DE, <lb/>nullam habeat comparationem ad DA, <lb/>propter nimiam a&longs;trorum altitudinem, igi­<lb/>tur non percipitur differentia vlla inter <lb/>AB, & AC, & AD, quare omnes vi­<lb/>debuntur ab eodem plano erigi, igitur B <lb/>DC videbitur plana, omnia igitur rotunda <lb/>procul plana videbuntur. </s></p><figure></figure><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>E&longs;&longs;e autem a&longs;tara maxima, generaliter <lb/>nunc o&longs;tendatur, & quòd maximè di&longs;tent <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg298"></arrow.to.target><lb/>primò, inde quòd &longs;int maxima. </s> <s>Cùm igi­<lb/>tur duæ lineæ AB, & AC, producuntur ab <lb/>eodem puncto A, & ip&longs;æ &longs;unt æquales, & <lb/>&longs;ecantur duæ æquales FB, & FD, & duæ il­<lb/>lis etiam æquales GE, & GC, & ductæ <lb/>fuerint BC & FG, & perpendiculares DH, <lb/>EK, FL, & GM, erunt anguli L & H <lb/>æquales, quia recti, item BFL, & FDH, eò <lb/>quòd D H & FL, æquidi&longs;tant, & linea DF, <lb/>recto oppo&longs;ita æqualis FB, oppo&longs;itæ recto, <lb/>quare BL, æqualis FH, & MC, æqualis <lb/>KG eadem ratione. </s> <s>Sic igitur cùm BD &longs;it <lb/>maior FG, vt palam e&longs;t ex quarta &longs;exti ele­<lb/>mentorum Euclidis, erit vt BC po&longs;&longs;it augeri <lb/>tantùm, vt BL, & MC, quæ &longs;emper æqua­<lb/>les manent, &longs;int minores in comparatione <lb/>di&longs;tantiæ, data minima quantitate: igitur <lb/>tunc ex tertio &longs;uppo&longs;ito latente differentia <lb/>FB, & GC, vt æquidi&longs;tantes habebuntur. <lb/>Hanc conatus e&longs;t Vitellio o&longs;tendere, quàm <lb/>non declarauit, multi&longs;que tandem erroribus <lb/>admi&longs;&longs;is, quòd fal&longs;um o&longs;tendere conatus e&longs;t, <lb/>&longs;cilicet quòd BL e&longs;&longs;et minor FH: hoc au­<lb/>tem fal&longs;um e&longs;t: e&longs;t enim, vt demon&longs;traui, æ­<lb/>qualis, & ex hac æqualitate minorem ha­<lb/>bet rationem ad BC ip&longs;a BL, quàm FH ad <lb/>FG. </s> <s>Et hoc &longs;ufficit ad propo&longs;itum demon­<lb/>&longs;trandum. </s> <s>Cùm igitur Sol aut Luna, aut <lb/>a&longs;trum aliud vmbram faciat fermè æqua­<lb/>lem in terra rei quæ videtur, aut ligno <lb/>quod radiis illius opponitur, &longs;eu ex vno <lb/>puncto radij procedant, &longs;eu ex toto corpo­<lb/>re, permutata hac demon&longs;tratione, con&longs;tat <lb/>altitudinis ad FG proportionem e&longs;&longs;e in­<lb/>comparabilem. </s> <s>Cùm hoc igitur contingat <lb/>etiam in turribus & montibus maximis, ne­<lb/>ce&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t, vt lineæ FB & GC &longs;int æquidi­<lb/>&longs;tantes: quare altitudo A a&longs;tri maxima, <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg299"></arrow.to.target><lb/>maximum igitur etiam a&longs;trum quod tam <lb/>procul &longs;ub illa magnitudine, quam videmus, <lb/>cernitur. </s> <s>E&longs;t autem deducta ratione ex vm­<lb/>bra terræ in deliquiis Solis, dimetiens ex <lb/>his partibus, quibus rerræ dimetiens e&longs;t duo, <lb/>vndecim: quare cùm terræ dimetiens &longs;it bis <lb/>quinque millia pa&longs;&longs;uum, erit Solis dime­<lb/>tiens vndecies quinque millia pa&longs;&longs;uum, id <lb/>e&longs;t, pa&longs;&longs;us millies quinquagintaquinque <lb/>millia. </s> <s>Solis autem corpus ad terram pro­<lb/>portionem habet, quam quæ 166. & tres ex <lb/>octo partibus ad vnum, ambitus maioris <lb/>circuli M. pa&longs;&longs;uum 173000. in&longs;uperque 250. <lb/>Terræ dimetiens ad Lunæ dimetientem, qu&ecedil; <lb/>e&longs;t 17. ad 5. ratio: itaque terræ corpus Lu­<lb/>næ corpus continet fermè trige&longs;ies nouies, <lb/>ac in&longs;uper duas tertias. </s> <s>Lunæ dimetiens pa&longs;­<lb/>&longs;uum millia 2941. ambitus maioris circuli <lb/><expan abbr="pa&longs;&longs;uũ">pa&longs;&longs;uum</expan> milia, 9000. & in&longs;uper 264. Altitudo <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg300"></arrow.to.target><lb/>etiam horum ex Ptolemæi demon&longs;tratione <lb/>habita talis e&longs;t. </s> <s>Solis quidem à terræ cen­<lb/>tro M. pa&longs;&longs;uum &longs;exies mille M. & in&longs;uper <lb/>quingenta. </s> <s>Lunæ verò ab eodem centro <lb/>M. pa&longs;&longs;uum trecenta viginti M. & in&longs;uper <lb/>833. Coni autem vmbræ ab eodem M. pa&longs;­<lb/>&longs;uum millies trecenties quadraginta M. Vn­<lb/>de deductis M. pa&longs;&longs;uum quinquies mille pro <lb/>&longs;emidiametro terræ à &longs;ingulis harum di­<lb/>&longs;tantiarum <gap/> relinquentur di&longs;tantiæ Solis ac <lb/>Lunæ, necnon coni vmbræ à fuperficie ter­<lb/>ræ, &longs;eu ab oculis no&longs;tris. </s> <s>Di&longs;tantia etiam <lb/>Solis à Luna, quando Sol deliquium pati­<lb/>tur, &longs;eu meliùs orbis &longs;olaris à Lunari orbe, <lb/>erit mille pa&longs;&longs;uum Italicorum <emph type="italics"/>(<emph.end type="italics"/> nam de his <lb/>&longs;ermo e&longs;t) quinquies mille &longs;excenties octua­<lb/>ginta quatuor millia atque in&longs;uper 167. Il­<lb/>lud verò mirum quod Philippus Melanthon <lb/>animaduerti&longs;&longs;e videtur: quòd cùm eccentri <lb/>Solis centrum Ptolemæi atque Hipparchi <lb/>ætate di&longs;taret à terræ centro diametris terræ <lb/>24. cùm quinta parte, &longs;eu M. pa&longs;&longs;uum <lb/>242000. nunc &longs;olùm di&longs;tet diametris terræ <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg301"></arrow.to.target><lb/>decem & octo, duabu&longs;que partibus ex quin­<lb/>que &longs;eu mille pa&longs;&longs;uum centum octuaginta <lb/>quatuor millia ab eodem terræ centro. </s> <s>Ar­<lb/>gumentum qua&longs;i &longs;ene&longs;centis mundi. </s> <s>Sed <lb/>ratio deduci pote&longs;t, vel ab in&longs;trumento­<lb/>rum varietate, vel cœli &longs;olaris di&longs;po&longs;itio­<lb/>ne, vel æquinoctiorum ob&longs;eruatione, quæ <lb/>varietatem &longs;u&longs;cipit & à locis, & à Solis <lb/>magnitudine, propter quam æquino­<lb/>ctium aliquanto cleriùs fit, quàm exi&longs;ti­<lb/>metur. </s> <s>Hoc autem cùm ob&longs;eruatum e&longs;&longs;et <lb/>à multis, in Solis magnitudinem rela­<lb/>tum e&longs;t. </s> <s>Sol igitur A B, centrum eius <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg302"></arrow.to.target><lb/>C, terra DE, centrum eius F, linea <lb/>CHM, contingens Solem & terram, co­<lb/>nus M. </s> <s>Quoniam igitur GH contingit So­<lb/>lem & terram, erunt anguli G & H recti, <lb/>quare GC, æquidi&longs;tans FH, & ideò portio <lb/>GB, &longs;imilis portioni HE. </s> <s>Si igitur CG, ad <lb/>FH, proportio cognita e&longs;t: erit & GM, ad <lb/>MH, qualis CM, ad MF. </s> <s>Et quia CM, <pb pagenum="415"/>&longs;upponitur cognita in comparatione ad <lb/>F H, & C G, & H, rectus, erunt G H, <lb/><figure id="fig24"></figure><lb/>& G F, cognitæ, & angulus G C F, co­<lb/>gnitus, ideóque G C B, atque ideò arcus <lb/>E H, con&longs;imilis G B: ideóque exce&longs;&longs;us diei <lb/>tempore æquinoctij &longs;upra duodecim horas: <lb/>duplicato enim E N, propter D L, fit ar­<lb/>cus L D E H, cognitus. </s> <s>Iuxta hoc igitur <lb/>po&longs;ita G C, quinque cum dimidio, & F H, <lb/>vnum erunt F C, 1200. & C M, 1468. <lb/>quare C M, erit partium 1467. minut. </s> <s>59. <lb/>&longs;ecundorum 23. M H, igitur erit partium <lb/>267. minut. </s> <s>59. &longs;ecund. </s> <s>53. Re&longs;iduum igi­<lb/>igitur G H, erit partium 1199. minut. </s> <s>59. <lb/>&longs;ecund. </s> <s>30. igitur G F, partum 1199. mi­<lb/>nut. </s> <s>59. &longs;ecund. </s> <s>31. tertiorum 30. Ideò tri­<lb/>gonus C F G, habet vnum latus quod e&longs;t <lb/>C F, partium 1200. Secundum latus quod <lb/>e&longs;t F G, part. </s> <s>1199. minut. </s> <s>59. &longs;ecund. </s> <s>31. <lb/>tertiorum 30. Tertium latus quod e&longs;t C G, <lb/>partium 5. minut. </s> <s>30. Manife&longs;tum e&longs;t igi­<lb/>tur quòd F C, & F G, &longs;unt fermè æqua­<lb/>les, & quòd proportio vtri&longs;que ad C G, <lb/>e&longs;t, vt 218. & duarum vndecimarum ad <lb/>vnum. </s> <s>Statuatur igitur circulus circa tri­<lb/>gonum C G F, & manife&longs;tum e&longs;t quòd <lb/>diameter F N, cadet in medio, & &longs;ecabit <lb/>C G, per æqualia in O, propter æquali­<lb/>tatem F C, & F G. </s> <s>Igitur detracto qua­<lb/>drato C O, quòd e&longs;t 7 9/16. ex quadrato FG, <lb/>relinquetur quadratum F O. </s> <s>Quod e&longs;t igi­<lb/>tur latus eius? </s> <s>e&longs;t F O, partium &longs;cilicet <lb/>1199. minut. </s> <s>59. &longs;ecund. </s> <s>49. Cum hoc di­<lb/>ui&longs;o quadrato C O, quod e&longs;t ( vt dixi ) <lb/>7 9/16. prodibit O N, minut. </s> <s>o. &longs;ec. </s> <s>23. qua­<lb/>re F N, tota e&longs;t part. </s> <s>1200. minut. </s> <s>o. &longs;e­<lb/>cund. </s> <s>22. Hæc detrahemus ex omnibus <lb/>propter differentiam in&longs;en&longs;ibilem, relin­<lb/>quetur F E, partium 1199. minut. </s> <s>59. &longs;e­<lb/>cundorum 37. & C G, partium 5. mi­<lb/>nut. </s> <s>30. Deducta igitur F N, ad partes <lb/>120. & e&longs;t dini&longs;o numero per decem, fiet <lb/>F C, partium 119. minut. </s> <s>59. &longs;ecundo­<lb/>rum 58. Arcus igitur F C, e&longs;t partium <lb/>179. minut. </s> <s>36. &longs;ecundorum o. </s> <s>C N, igi­<lb/>tur part. </s> <s>o. minut. </s> <s>24. &longs;ecundorum o. </s> <s>Qua­<lb/><figure id="fig25"></figure><lb/>re C G, part. </s> <s>o. minut. </s> <s>48. &longs;ecundorum <lb/>o. </s> <s>Igitur duo arcus D L, & E H, huic <lb/>æquales, &longs;eu &longs;imiles: quia illi &longs;unt dupli <lb/>arcui B G, cui etiam e&longs;t duplum C G, hîc, <lb/>quia in circumferentia. </s> <s>Totus igitur ar­<lb/>cus L D E H, e&longs;t, partium 180. minut. <lb/>48. &longs;ecundorum o. </s> <s>& ideò dies in æquino­<lb/>ctio horarum 12. minut. </s> <s>3. &longs;ecundorum <lb/>12. & nox horarum 11. minut. </s> <s>56. &longs;ecun­<lb/>dorum 48. Et ita &longs;ub æquinoctio &longs;emper. <lb/>Et æquinoctium nobis erit pridie quàm Sol <lb/>initium Arietis ingrediatur, imò perendie <lb/>& po&longs;t tertiam diem in qua Sol ingreditur <lb/>initium Libræ, id e&longs;t, die 8. Martij, & <lb/>15. Septembris. </s> <s>Re&longs;pondet hoc perpulchrè <lb/>experimentis. </s> <s>Quòd &longs;i paulò elatior &longs;it re­<lb/>gio, vt in alti&longs;&longs;imis montibus, adeò ante­<lb/>cedit Solis ingre&longs;&longs;um in Arietis initium, <lb/>vt ratio A&longs;tronomica fal&longs;a videatur. </s> <s>Lon­<lb/>gior etiam e&longs;t duplo dies, quàm nox, 12. <lb/>Iunij. </s> <s>Primus dies æquinoctij ætate no&longs;tra <lb/>e&longs;t 10. Martij, hæc erit minut. </s> <s>6. maior <lb/>nocte. </s> <s>Accedit præter hæc colli&longs;io luminis, <lb/>de qua po&longs;teriùs dicemus. </s> <s>Illud non præte­<lb/>ribo, quod etiam admiratione dignum e&longs;t: <lb/>Solem quantò altiùs a&longs;cendit, eóque plus <lb/>à nobis abe&longs;t, eò magis nos calefacere, <lb/>quòd anguli rectis &longs;int propiores. </s> <s>Ob id­<lb/>que hyemem e&longs;&longs;e longè frigidiorem, quòd <lb/>Sol terræ propinquior &longs;it. </s> <s>Sed cur &longs;ola Lu­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg303"></arrow.to.target><lb/>na varias &longs;u&longs;cipit figuras, reliqua a&longs;tra om­<lb/>nia perpetuò rotunda &longs;unt? </s> <s>An eò figuram <lb/>mutat, quòd opaca e&longs;t, & lumen quod ha­<lb/>bet proprium, lumine Solis adeò e&longs;t imbe­<lb/>cillius, vt qua parte à Sole non illumina­<lb/>tur, lateat, & pars illa dee&longs;&longs;e videatur? <lb/>E&longs;t etiam Lunæ peculiare maculam habe­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg304"></arrow.to.target><lb/>re: vnde maxima apud antiquos quæ&longs;tio <lb/>orta e&longs;t, exi&longs;timantibus non paucis Lunam <lb/>participem e&longs;&longs;e elementaris naturæ, & ob <lb/>id affici. </s> <s>Ali<gap/> imaginem e&longs;&longs;e putant, vel <lb/>Oceani, vel orbis terræ, qua&longs;i è &longs;peculo re­<lb/>lucentis. </s> <s>Nos verò illam, &longs;i corpus æter­<lb/>num &longs;it, participem e&longs;&longs;e mortalitatis nega­<lb/>mus. </s> <s>Nec tam procul imago &longs;eu &longs;pecies ali­<lb/>qua in &longs;peculo videri pote&longs;t. </s> <s>Aut igitur ea <lb/>parte peruia maculam o&longs;tendit, &longs;icut in &longs;pe­<lb/>culis vbi plumbum abra&longs;um fuerit, aut om­<lb/>ninò illa eft terminus a&longs;pectus: eadem enim <lb/>in parte cum videatur, peruia e&longs;&longs;e non po­<lb/>te&longs;t ibi Luna, ni&longs;i aliquo motu circumfe­<lb/>ratur, ita vt redeat aduer&longs;o parui circuli, <lb/>& eccentrici motu ad eandem faciem. </s> <s>Quòd <lb/>&longs;i terminus &longs;it vi&longs;us, cur non in alia par­<lb/>te? </s> <s>Videtur igitur nihil mirum, hanc du­<lb/>bitationem alios quidem fatiga&longs;&longs;e, alios <pb pagenum="416"/>verecundiores deterrui&longs;&longs;e. </s> <s>Ergo &longs;i &longs;ine par­<lb/>uis circulis atque eccentricis motus Lunæ, <lb/>quemadmodum Calippo & Eudoxo placuit, <lb/>ab&longs;oluatur, erit maculæ Lunæ comperta ra­<lb/>tio, &longs;cilicet ob&longs;curitas à per&longs;picuitate or­<lb/>ta. </s> <s>Qua enim parte lumen &longs;olis non refle­<lb/>ctitur, ob&longs;cura videtur. </s> <s>At ex per&longs;picuo <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg305"></arrow.to.target><lb/>non reflectitur, tran&longs;it enim. </s> <s>Varietas au­<lb/>tem den&longs;i, & rari manife&longs;tè in cœlo e&longs;t, vt <lb/>etiam in lacteo circulo videmus. </s> <s>E&longs;t & alia <lb/>quæ&longs;tio de Luna magis &longs;en&longs;ibus con&longs;picua, <lb/>cur apud nos plena luminibus maiorem <lb/>æ&longs;tum maris, apud Indos vacua faciat. </s> <s>Vi­<lb/>detur autem cau&longs;a e&longs;&longs;e æ&longs;tus, calor tempe­<lb/>ratus, & propinquitas Lunæ. </s> <s>In coniun­<lb/>ctione autem, & plenilunio eodem loco. <lb/>Luna e&longs;t, &longs;cilicet Soli propinquior: in qua­<lb/>dratis autem radiis cum Sole terræ: tempe­<lb/>ratior autem in no&longs;tris regionibus plena lu­<lb/>na luminibus, ob aëris minorem calidita­<lb/>tem, apud Indos autem vacua ob regionis <lb/>eius feruorem, attollit autem: cùm elatior <lb/>fuerit: elatior autem (vt dixi) in pleniluniis <lb/>ac nouiluniis. </s> <s>Et hîc temperata magis in ple­<lb/>nilunio, apud Indos autem in nouilunio. <lb/>Tunc verò mutat faciem ex Solis propin­<lb/>quitate, lumen ac vim, non &longs;olum luminis <lb/>cau&longs;a, &longs;ed etiam propinquitatis ad terras. <lb/>Nihil autem refert, & &longs;i non eleuetur, cum <lb/>ad &longs;imilitudinem res referatur. </s> <s>Sed dices, cur <lb/>&longs;i luna mutat faciem ex acce&longs;&longs;u ad &longs;olem, a&longs;tra <lb/>omnia reliqua rotunda &longs;unt? </s> <s>Hoc ideò con­<lb/>tingit, quia vel lumen proprium adeò cla­<lb/>rum e&longs;t, vt Solis lumen, &longs;ed imbecillius: vel <lb/>quia vndequaque peruia &longs;unt. </s> <s>Ergo a&longs;tra plu­<lb/>rimum (vt dixi) a vobis di&longs;tant compræhen&longs;a <lb/>ratione: &longs;ed quia di&longs;tantia &longs;en&longs;um latet, par­<lb/>ua ob id exi&longs;timantur. </s> <s>Turrium verò di&longs;tan­<lb/>tia cum comprehendatur, & memoria etiam <lb/>magnitudinem teneamus, cum etiam angu­<lb/>lus maior &longs;it quàm a&longs;trorum, turres a&longs;tris <lb/>maiores iudicamus. </s> <s>Ob id turres, &longs;i ab imo <lb/>videamus, latiores apparebunt, quàm &longs;i &longs;o­<lb/>lam liceat &longs;upremam partem in&longs;picere, quòd <lb/>dum radicem videmus, videamus etiam di­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg306"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;tantiam. </s> <s>Sed quomodo cœli hi iuncti &longs;unt? <lb/>nam &longs;i vna e&longs;t &longs;uperficies caua &longs;uperioris, <lb/>& conuexa inferioris, quomodo in diuer&longs;as <lb/>partes &longs;uperiùs, & inferiùs cœlum moueri <lb/>poterunt? </s> <s>Si duæ &longs;unt, indiui&longs;ibile ab indi­<lb/>ui&longs;ibili tangitur. </s> <s>Sed duas e&longs;&longs;e nece&longs;&longs;e, non <lb/>tamen quantitatem con&longs;tituunt: hoc autem <lb/>&longs;ufficit Ari&longs;toteli, ne continuum ex non con­<lb/>tinuis componatur. </s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg298"></margin.target>Cau&longs;a cur <lb/>a&longs;tra rotun­<lb/>da, videan­<lb/>tur plana. <lb/>A&longs;tra, maxi­<lb/>ma e&longs;&longs;e, & <lb/>maximè di­<lb/>&longs;tare.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg299"></margin.target>Solis & Lu­<lb/>næ, & terræ <lb/>magnitudi­<lb/>nis compara­<lb/>tio.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg300"></margin.target>Altitudo <lb/>eorundem à <lb/>terra.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg301"></margin.target>Solis altitu­<lb/>do minor, <lb/>quam olim <lb/>fuerit.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg302"></margin.target>Demon&longs;tra­<lb/>tio, <gap/>&longs;tendens <lb/>quòd æqui­<lb/>noctij tempo­<lb/>re dies e&longs;t, <lb/>maior no­<lb/>cte, & ita <lb/>&longs;ub æquino­<lb/>ctiali.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg303"></margin.target>Cur &longs;ola lu­<lb/>na figuram <lb/>mutet.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg304"></margin.target>De lunæ ma­<lb/>cula.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg305"></margin.target>Luna in ple­<lb/>nilunio our <lb/>maiorem <lb/>æ&longs;tum maris <lb/>faciat.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg306"></margin.target>An cœlorum <lb/>&longs;e <expan abbr="tangentiũ">tangentium</expan>, <lb/>&longs;it vna &longs;u­<lb/>perficies.</s></p><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Id quoque inqui&longs;itione dignum e&longs;t, an <lb/>po&longs;itis iuxta eorum, quæ apparent exqui­<lb/>&longs;itam veritatis rationem orbibus æquatio­<lb/>nis, contingat eos, vt in Mercurio refe­<lb/>runt geminari? </s> <s>Et &longs;i contingit, quomodo <lb/>&longs;eorsùm moueri po&longs;&longs;int? </s> <s>Sit igitur orbis <lb/>æquationis exterior A, interior B, inferio­<lb/>rum intimus C, extimus D, extra centrum <lb/>E, centrum mundi F, & orbis extra cen­<lb/>trum G, in quorum medio H, centrum <lb/>concauæ exterioris, & conuexæ intimi. </s> <s>Ma­<lb/>nife&longs;tum e&longs;t igitur, quòd &longs;i duo &longs;uperiores <lb/>orbes e&longs;&longs;ent &longs;imul iuncti, & duo inferiores <lb/>&longs;imiliter, quòd po&longs;&longs;ent moueri &longs;uper cen­<lb/>tro F: & ita orbem extra centrum, eleua­<lb/>rent. </s> <s>Et &longs;i mouerentur &longs;uper centro G, <lb/>frangerent cœlum Veneris, & Lunæ, in­<lb/>ter quos cœlum Mercurij po&longs;itum e&longs;t. </s> <s>Om­<lb/>nis enim &longs;uperficies orbis mota &longs;uper cen­<lb/>tro &longs;uo, non violat orbem, quem tangit: <lb/>quia in eodem &longs;itu remanet. </s> <s>Sed &longs;uperfi­<lb/>cies, quæ mouetur &longs;uper alieno centro &longs;i <lb/>tum mutat, & orbem, quem tangit, rum­<lb/>pit. </s> <s>His cognitis, &longs;i A, & C, mouentur <lb/>ex dictis, &longs;uper centro F, nece&longs;&longs;ariò mouen­<lb/>tur: quare vel &longs;ecum rapiant orbes B D, <lb/>quare diui&longs;i erunt fru&longs;trà, vel BCD, orbes <lb/>erunt tanquam vnus orbis, cuius centrum e&longs;t <lb/>H, quare tota hæc machina eleuabitur, ac <lb/>&longs;ub&longs;idebit iuxta partium &longs;itum, vt in Sole: <lb/>orbes autem B, & D, nigri &longs;eor&longs;um, præ­<lb/>tereà moti &longs;uper centro H, moti ab&longs;idem E, <lb/>orbis deferunt: nam &longs;i &longs;eorsùm non mo­<lb/>uerentur, fru&longs;trà e&longs;&longs;ent ab E, di&longs;iuncti. </s> <s>Si <lb/>verò mouerentur &longs;uper G, frangerent or­<lb/>bes A, & C, igitur &longs;uper centro G, mouetur <lb/>orbis E. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Iam verò illud maximè mirum, a&longs;tris <lb/>quæ tam procul ab&longs;unt, maria & terras, <lb/>quæ coram oculis iacent innote&longs;cere, omit­<lb/>to quòd antiqui illis ducibus &longs;ulcarent ma­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg307"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ria. </s> <s>Illud magis admiratione dignum, quòd <lb/>tempe&longs;tate acti in incognitas maris aut ter­<lb/>ræ partes, a&longs;trorum auxilio vbi &longs;int agno&longs;­<lb/>cere queant. </s> <s>Po&longs;tulauit hoc à nobis Ioan. <lb/>Bapti&longs;ta de Ponte Vigo. </s> <s>Ratio &longs;ic con&longs;tat: <lb/>Sereno iam facto cœlo Solis de die, aut al­<lb/>terius planetæ de nocte, collige altitudinem <lb/>cum plani&longs;phærio, aut armillis dum a&longs;trum <lb/>meridiat, & ab hac detrahe declinationem <lb/>loci Solis, &longs;i Sol fuerit ab initio Arietis ad <lb/>initium Libræ: adde declinationem loci <lb/>Solis, &longs;i fuerit ab initio Libræ ad Arietis <lb/>initium, & quod fit detrahe ex 90. & ha­<lb/>bebis latitudinem loci, quam & qui Indiam <lb/>nuper colunt, norunt inuenire. </s> <s>Sed pro <lb/>longitudine cum altitudine Solis, aut alte­<lb/>rius &longs;tellæ cognitæ habita latitudine per <lb/>plani&longs;phærium, horam diei inuenies. </s> <s>Inde <lb/>per armillas cum loci latitudine locum Lu­<lb/>næ qualis videtur, quæres: cui addes, aut <lb/>detrahes, quantum e&longs;t differentiæ ex a&longs;pe­<lb/>ctus diuer&longs;itate, & habebis verum locum <lb/>Lunæ ea hora, iuxta quam ex tabulis Al­<lb/>phon&longs;i habebis locum Lunæ & motum, <lb/>&longs;ecundùm &longs;ingulos dies præ&longs;entes. </s> <s>Diffe­<lb/>rentiam ergo locorum Lunæ in&longs;trumento, <lb/>& tabulis inuentorum con&longs;idera, & cum <lb/>ea diuide motum diei, exibunt horæ, & <lb/>minuta, differentiæ pro &longs;ingulis igitur ho­<lb/>ris partes 15. pro &longs;ingulis minutis quartam <pb pagenum="417"/>partem vnius a&longs;&longs;ume, quas addes di&longs;tantiæ <lb/>a Fortunatis loci tabularum Alphon&longs;i, &longs;i lo­<lb/>cus Lunæ in&longs;trumento inuentus po&longs;terior <lb/>fuerit, id e&longs;t, magis ab initio Arietis de­<lb/>&longs;titerit loco inuento per tabulas: aut mi­<lb/>nues ab eodem, vbilocus tabularum partes <lb/>& minuta, eo qui per in&longs;trumentum inuen­<lb/>tus e&longs;t, plura obtineat, & quod relinquitur <lb/>aut cogitur, e&longs;t longitudo a Fortunatis loci <lb/>incogniti, quàm in &longs;phæra regionum &longs;imul <lb/>cum latitudine quæres, no&longs;cé&longs;que vbi lo­<lb/>corum &longs;is, quibú&longs;que ventis in patriam re­<lb/>gredi liceat: quod cùm ignorent, qui hi&longs;to­<lb/>riam Indicarum rerum &longs;cribunt, latitudine <lb/>appo&longs;ita longitudines locorum omittunt. <lb/>Nam quòd declinatione cur&longs;us Solis, qui­<lb/>cunque Indiam vtramque petunt, multùm <lb/>adiuuentur, nec non & &longs;tellarum, omnibus <lb/>qui cum Lu&longs;itanis ac H<gap/>panis ver&longs;antur eius <lb/>nauigationis gnaris, compertum e&longs;t. </s> <s>Iam ve­<lb/>rò an vnus &longs;it mundus, an plures, an infini­<lb/>ti, an infinitus vnus, & an aliquid extra ip­<lb/>&longs;um, & an æternus, vel genitus, dictum <lb/>e&longs;t in libris de Æternitatis arcanis: nunc <lb/>verò de Luce & Lumine, quæ ab a&longs;tris pro­<lb/>fluunt, dicemus. </s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg307"></margin.target>Regiones in­<lb/>cognitæ, di&longs;­<lb/>per&longs;æque <expan abbr="t&etilde;-pe&longs;tatibus">ten­<lb/>pe&longs;tatibus</expan> <lb/>naues, quo <lb/>pacto vbi <lb/>&longs;int, digno&longs;ci <lb/>po&longs;&longs;int.</s></p><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"/>LIBER QVARTVS,<emph.end type="center"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"/>De Luce & Lumine.<emph.end type="center"/><lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg308"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg308"></margin.target>A&longs;tra omnia <lb/>habere <expan abbr="lum&etilde;">lumen</expan>, <lb/>& vmbram.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>HABENT omnia &longs;ydera lumen, <lb/>motum, ac magnitudinem <lb/>propriam: & vt lumen minùs <lb/>à maiore tegitur, &longs;ic vmbra <lb/>latet. </s> <s>Luna in die vmbram <lb/>non facit, noctu fecit. </s> <s>Si Luna luceat, <lb/>a&longs;trorum reliquorum vmbras non videbis: <lb/>vbi illa delituerit, quorundam quandoque <lb/>adeò vmbram videbis exqui&longs;itam, vt Ve­<lb/>neris ego lumen per fene&longs;tram ingrediens, <lb/>Lunæ e&longs;&longs;e arbitrarer. </s> <s>Vnaquæque igitur <lb/>&longs;tella proprium habet lumen, cùm propriam </s></p><p type="main"> <s><arrow.to.target n="marg309"></arrow.to.target><lb/>habeat lucem: quo &longs;it vt ex frequentibus <lb/>&longs;yderibus lumen mi&longs;centibus, lacteus cir­<lb/>culus ab oculo æ&longs;timetur. </s> <s>Adiuuat hoc cœ­<lb/>li &longs;ub&longs;tantia den&longs;a, & &longs;yderum rara, velut <lb/>in Cometa, qui caudam, aut crines habet: <lb/>nam cùm nunquam mutetur, con&longs;tat ip&longs;um <lb/>in cœlo e&longs;&longs;e, non infra. </s> <s>Sed quomodo radij <lb/>per inane tran&longs;euntes refracti videntur, <lb/>cùm Solis radij in aëre vi&longs;ui <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> &longs;ubiiciantur. <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg310"></arrow.to.target><lb/>Hæc eadem e&longs;t cau&longs;a, cur etiam vbi refle­<lb/>xio radiorum in terra e&longs;t, vt in vallibus, <lb/>longè maior &longs;it calor: nam &longs;i radius pene­<lb/>trat, vnus tantùm e&longs;t: cùm reflectitur, duo: <lb/>cùm iterùm reflectitur, tres radij in eodem <lb/>&longs;unt loco, quare calor magnus hîc procrea­<lb/>tur: in lactea autem via non his, aut ter, <lb/>&longs;ed tum ob propinquitatem &longs;tellarum, tum <lb/>ob den&longs;itatem millies reflectuntur, cùm <lb/>etiam plurimæ &longs;int: igitur in medio cando­<lb/>rem, vt lactis fieri nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t, quod ego <lb/>etiam multis cum candelis ca&longs;u imitari pul­<lb/>cherrimè vidi, vt euidenti rationi etiam <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg311"></arrow.to.target><lb/>experimentum &longs;ub&longs;cribat. </s> <s>Atque eadem ra­<lb/>tione ignis in cauis &longs;peculis accenditur, <lb/>quoniam in paruum &longs;patium radij plurimi <lb/>coëunt, non tamen in candida materia, <lb/>quia rationem tollit, qua accendere po&longs;&longs;unt: <lb/>po&longs;&longs;unt enim, quia coëunt, ac candidum <lb/>di&longs;&longs;ipat, & &longs;eparat. </s> <s>Ob hoc ab igne candi­<lb/>da tela facilè vritur, imò à &longs;cintilla, à &longs;pe­<lb/>culi concaui &longs;olaribus radiis non vritur. <lb/>Eadem ratio ad vnguem e&longs;t in &longs;phærula <lb/>cry&longs;talli, & rotunda amphora vitrea aqua <lb/>plena. </s> <s>Sed vt in his radij ex aduer&longs;o coëunt, <lb/>ita in cauis &longs;peculis antè: verùm vrendi, & <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg312"></arrow.to.target><lb/>non vrendi par ratio in vtri&longs;que. </s> <s>Cùm enim <lb/>rem candidam &longs;ubieceris, conus ille mani­<lb/>fe&longs;tè dilatatur, & ideò vrere non pote&longs;t. <lb/>Hoc autem quòd dilatetur, oculo etiam de­<lb/>præhenditur. </s> <s>Sed cur lumen coactum hæc <lb/>inferiora maximè Solis calefacit, cùm Sol <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg313"></arrow.to.target><lb/>calidus non exi&longs;timetur? </s> <s>Verùm ego cali­<lb/>dum e&longs;&longs;e Solem ponere non vererer, cùm <lb/>nihil calidum aliud eo caloris genere exi­<lb/>&longs;timem: hoc enim &longs;uperiùs o&longs;ten&longs;um e&longs;t. <lb/>Nam putridus calor, & igneus non gene­<lb/>rat, &longs;ed corrumpit: Solis calor, & &longs;yde­<lb/>rum generat. </s> <s>Calor autem rerum, quæ vita <lb/>carent nullus actu e&longs;t, nec &longs;en&longs;u tactus per­<lb/>cipi pote&longs;t. </s> <s>Solis calor tactui &longs;ubiicitur. <lb/>Sed nec animantium calor talis e&longs;t, cùm <lb/>pabulo indigeat, &longs;yderum calor minimè. <lb/>Sed &longs;i velis placita Ari&longs;totelis tueri, dices <lb/>quòd aër & aqua dum lumen illud excipe­<lb/>re conantur naturali quadam facultate, qua <lb/>grauia de&longs;cendunt, leuia a&longs;cendunt, mo­<lb/>uentur ac di&longs;&longs;ipantur. </s> <s>Calor quoque, qui <lb/>in eis iam potentia erat, &longs;u&longs;citatur, & ad <lb/>actum perducitur. </s> <s>Aqua verò ab aëre inca­<lb/>le&longs;cit, qui e&longs;t &longs;eip&longs;a calorem non habet: <lb/>proptereà &longs;uperficies &longs;umma, aut &longs;olùm <lb/>calida e&longs;t, aut maximè. </s> <s>Motum hunc ra­<lb/>ritas con&longs;equitur, raritatem calor: hoc enim <lb/>&longs;uperiùs, quomodo fiat, o&longs;ten&longs;um e&longs;t. </s> <s>Ca­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg314"></arrow.to.target><lb/>lor enim, motus, ac tenuitas circulo quo­<lb/>dam mutuò &longs;ibi cau&longs;æ &longs;unt: nam &longs;ubtilitas, <lb/>caloris cau&longs;a e&longs;t: calor dum depa&longs;citur, mo­<lb/>tus: at motus ip&longs;e &longs;ubtilitatis rur&longs;us cau&longs;a <lb/>e&longs;t: motus enim collidendo partes attenuat. <lb/>Sub&longs;tantia tenuis, quia magnam vim exci­<lb/>pit radij, calida euadit, calidum verò at­<lb/>trahendo, & di&longs;cutiendo motum cit: quæ <lb/>vici&longs;&longs;itudo in animalibus vitam præbet, <lb/>& manife&longs;ti&longs;&longs;ima e&longs;t. </s> <s>Suprà enim docuimus, <lb/>frigidum nihil aliud e&longs;&longs;e, quàm quòd calo­<lb/>re caret, nec recipit: rarum igitur admo­<lb/>dum frigidum e&longs;&longs;e, e&longs;t impo&longs;&longs;ibile, videtur <lb/>igitur ip&longs;e radius, &longs;eu lumen caloris &longs;ub&longs;tan­<lb/>tia, hocque nobis &longs;ufficeret, qui eatenùs &longs;o­<lb/>lùm rationes &longs;ectamur rerum, quatenus iu-<pb pagenum="418"/>uant ad experimentorum veritatem a&longs;&longs;e­<lb/>quendam. </s> <s>Seu igitur &longs;olis ac &longs;yderum radios <lb/>per &longs;e calidos dixeris, &longs;eu ip&longs;os non calidos, <lb/>&longs;ed calefacere, nobis ex æquo &longs;atisfactum <lb/>erit. </s> <s>Mihi autem videtur, calorem e&longs;&longs;e &longs;ub­<lb/>&longs;tantiam radij &longs;ideris: nec tamen calorem <lb/>hunc, cùm à lumine &longs;it in&longs;eparabilis, qua­<lb/>litatem e&longs;&longs;e, quæ corrumpatur. </s> <s>Nec enim <lb/>calor, qui in elementis aut mi&longs;tis excipitur, <lb/>e&longs;t cœle&longs;tis, &longs;ed cœle&longs;tis imago &longs;olùm: igi­<lb/>tur vt lux propria e&longs;t &longs;ideribus, ita calor, cui <lb/>nullum e&longs;t frigus contrarium, &longs;ed frigus &longs;o­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg315"></arrow.to.target><lb/>la caloris priuatio e&longs;t. </s> <s>Verùm dices: Si mo­<lb/>tus, caloris cau&longs;a e&longs;t, cur in lecto, & dum <lb/>maximè quie&longs;cimus, maximè calemus? </s> <s>Ve­<lb/>rùm motus calorem excitat, refrigerat au­<lb/>tem dum locum mutando nos aëri frigidio­<lb/>ri exponit. </s> <s>Itaque in hyeme magnus mo­<lb/>tus excalefacit, exiguus refrigerat. </s> <s>Sed di­<lb/>ces: Cur autem frigent, qui quie&longs;cunt, in <lb/>lecto autem calent? </s> <s>Videtur autem aliquid <lb/>conferre pluma, aut cottum, vel lana, quæ <lb/>in lectis habentur. </s> <s>Verùm cau&longs;a præcipua <lb/>e&longs;t, quia non mutatur aër, qui nos tangit <lb/>&longs;ub culcitra collectus: extra autem lectum <lb/>quie&longs;centibus aër mouetur. </s> <s>Ex motu autem <lb/>bifariam refrigeratur homo, tum quia aër <lb/>calefactus circum nos manens recedit, tum <lb/>quia motus (vt dictum e&longs;t) refrigerat aërem. <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg316"></arrow.to.target><lb/>Sed ad lucis ac luminis hi&longs;toriam redeo. </s> <s>Lu­<lb/>men igitur e&longs;t lucis &longs;imilitudo, quæ clari­<lb/>tas in &longs;e, & caloris &longs;ub&longs;tantiam adeò habet <lb/>annexam, vt propè nihil &longs;it aliud. </s> <s>Ob hoc <lb/>clari&longs;&longs;ima &longs;ydera etiam calidi&longs;&longs;ima, vt Sol, <lb/>Canis vterque, & Iupiter: non igitur lu­<lb/>men, & claritas, & calor tres &longs;unt res, &longs;ed <lb/>vna, diuer&longs;orum comparatione, diuer&longs;a <lb/>nomina, & etiam diuer&longs;am imaginem re­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg317"></arrow.to.target><lb/>præ&longs;entationem &longs;u&longs;cipiens. </s> <s>Lux verò à qua <lb/>lumen profluit, claritas e&longs;t ex illius tertio <lb/>genere: vtque in per&longs;picuo corpore à luce <lb/>fit lumen, ita in opaco color: & ip&longs;a hæc <lb/>omnia &longs;ui &longs;peciem producunt: nam per pra­<lb/>ta ambulantes, virides facies habere viden­<lb/>tur. </s> <s>Potens igitur color cum hæc faciat in <lb/>aëre libero, quid in ob&longs;curo faciet? </s> <s>vbi hæc <lb/>&longs;ola lux &longs;it vitio&longs;a, atque alieno colore in­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg318"></arrow.to.target><lb/>fecta. </s> <s>Sic igitur lucerna ex aqua ardente &longs;o­<lb/>la, & &longs;ale repræ&longs;entat ( dum omnis alia ab­<lb/>&longs;it lux ) facies pallidas, vt mortuorum: hoc <lb/>enim expertus &longs;um. </s> <s>Et eadem ratione, &longs;i in <lb/>lampades virides oleum viride accendatur <lb/>(quod referunt fieri vna immatura in oleo <lb/>tandiu contenta, vt mature&longs;cat &longs;ub Sole) vi­<lb/>ridia omnia apparebunt. </s> <s>Quid amplius, lu­<lb/>cerna vitrea conclu&longs;a vndique colorem <expan abbr="trãs-fert">trans­<lb/>fert</expan> validum, lumine in ea accen&longs;o ad obie­<lb/>ctas res. </s> <s>Sunt autem validi colores, niger, vi­<lb/>ridis, albus, rubeus, cyaneus &longs;eu cœle&longs;tis. <lb/>Ignis autem expre&longs;&longs;iùs hoc facere pote&longs;t, & <lb/>longè maiora, vt &longs;erpentum imagines re­<lb/>præ&longs;entare. </s> <s>Oportet autem vt potentia talis <lb/>&longs;it, & à fumo proprio ad rerum imagines <lb/>repræ&longs;entandas adiuuetur. </s> <s>Ergo lumen colo­<lb/>rem, & magnitudinem, & formam mutare <lb/>pote&longs;t, vt trabes &longs;erpentes videantur, alienam <lb/>tamen figuram recipere nequeunt. </s> <s>Neque <lb/>enim <emph type="italics"/>(<emph.end type="italics"/>vt dicunt) homines ab&longs;que capitibus <lb/>videri po&longs;&longs;unt, aut cum canino capite: &longs;ed &longs;i <lb/>lumen capita ab&longs;condet, ab&longs;condet & reli­<lb/>qua. </s> <s>Neque formam mutare pote&longs;t &longs;ecun­<lb/>dum luminis naturam, &longs;i pro forma figura <lb/>intelligatur. </s> <s>Quod verò occulta fit vi, aut <lb/>omninò non fiet, aut rari&longs;&longs;imè. </s> <s>Videntur au­<lb/>tem mutari non &longs;olùm propria, &longs;ed etiam <lb/>communia &longs;en&longs;ibilia: ac quædam eorum ma­<lb/>gis ac faciliùs, vt magnitudo, numerus, quies, <lb/>motus, ac figura. </s> <s>Etenim in quadratis fora­<lb/>minibus quædam rotunda videntur, quia <lb/>non per &longs;e &longs;entiuntur, nec adeò exqui&longs;itè, <lb/>nec adeò vehementer in &longs;en&longs;um imprimunt: <lb/>lumen autem, & calor vi&longs;us &longs;unt propria. <lb/>Verùm de coloribus &longs;uo loco dicemus, nunc <lb/>de lumine, & repræ&longs;entationibus tractatio <lb/>e&longs;t. </s> <s>E&longs;t autem ( vt dictum e&longs;t ) lumen lucis <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg319"></arrow.to.target><lb/>imago in corpore per&longs;picuo. </s> <s>Per&longs;picuum au­<lb/>tem triplex: quoddam æquale, quoddam inæ­<lb/>quale, &longs;eu in partibus &longs;uis diuer&longs;um, & quod­<lb/>dam &longs;ola &longs;uperficie, cuiu&longs;modi &longs;unt &longs;pecula. <lb/>Hoc autem nitorem dicimus. </s> <s>In per&longs;picuo <lb/>æquali lumen rectà procedit, in inæquali au­<lb/>tem frangitur, à tenui reflectitur. </s> <s>Iuxta hoc <lb/>igitur con&longs;tat, tres tantùm e&longs;&longs;e &longs;pecies lu­<lb/>minis, rectam, reflexam, & refractam. </s> <s>Re­<lb/>cta o&longs;tendit res vt &longs;unt, refracta mutatas, re­<lb/>flexa velut à &longs;peculis debiles. </s> <s>Mi&longs;centur <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg320"></arrow.to.target><lb/>quandoque hæc, veluti cùm à cra&longs;&longs;iore vi­<lb/>tro oppo&longs;ito plumbo lumen &longs;imile refran­<lb/>gitur, ac reflectitur. </s> <s>Optima igitur è chaly­<lb/>be, vel argento &longs;pecula, de quibus inferiùs <lb/>agetur, docebimus, non è vitro, cry&longs;talló­<lb/>ve: quamvis aliter homines credant. </s> <s>Sed <lb/>quia quæ è metallo &longs;unt, facilè vitiantur, ob <lb/>id creditum e&longs;t, meliora e&longs;&longs;e vitrea. </s> <s>Metal­<lb/>lica igitur exactiora, vitrea diuturniora, ni&longs;i <lb/>frangantur: leuis enim ille nitor non adeò in <lb/>vitro extinguitur, quoniam in materia &longs;ic­<lb/>ciore non tam facilè hæret. </s> <s>Cau&longs;a enim cur <lb/>hæreat, e&longs;t humidum: in humido enim vin­<lb/>culum adhærentium. </s> <s>Sed & figura vitiantur, <lb/>quæ reflectunt, & ea in quibus lu men fran­<lb/>gitur. </s> <s>Itáque &longs;pecula concaua, & conuexa, <lb/>item per&longs;picilia non æqualia, fal&longs;as reddunt <lb/>imagines. </s> <s>Hinc cau&longs;a colligitur, cur non <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg321"></arrow.to.target><lb/>tam ex &longs;olo, quam è muris, nec tam è muris, <lb/>quam è &longs;peculis reddantur imagines? </s> <s><expan abbr="Nã">Nam</expan> non <lb/>ni&longs;i in per&longs;picuo fit lumen è luce: quæ autem <lb/>non nitent, non &longs;unt per&longs;picua, ideò lumen <lb/>perit: omne enim &longs;olidum per&longs;picuum nitet, <lb/>& omne nitens e&longs;t per&longs;picuum. </s> <s>Quamobrem <lb/>in vndis etiam effigies relucent. </s> <s>Vnde Vir­<lb/>gilianum illud: <lb/><emph type="quote"/><emph type="italics"/>Nec &longs;um adeò deformis, nuper me in littore vidi, <lb/>Cùm placidum ventis &longs;taret mare: non ego Daphnim <lb/>Iudice te metuam, &longs;i nunquam fallit imago.<emph.end type="italics"/><emph.end type="quote"/><lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg322"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg309"></margin.target>Lacteæ viæ <lb/>cau&longs;a.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg310"></margin.target>Cur radij re­<lb/>flexi videan­<lb/>tur, & calo­<lb/>rë augeant.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg311"></margin.target>Ignis eur ex <lb/>cauis &longs;pecu­<lb/>lis accenda­<lb/>tur, & non in <lb/>alba mate­<lb/>ria.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg312"></margin.target>Ignis cur à <lb/>&longs;phærulis <lb/>cry&longs;tallinis <lb/>in &longs;ole po&longs;itis <lb/>accendatur.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg313"></margin.target>Sol quomodo <lb/>calefaciat.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg314"></margin.target>Subtilitas, <lb/>calor, ac mo­<lb/>tus, cau&longs;æ <lb/>vici&longs;&longs;im.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg315"></margin.target>Cur in lecto <lb/>magis ca­<lb/>leamus.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg316"></margin.target>Lux quid <lb/>&longs;it, & <expan abbr="lum&etilde;">lumen</expan>.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg317"></margin.target>Ambulantes <lb/>per prata, fa­<lb/>cies virides <lb/>habere vi­<lb/>dentur.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg318"></margin.target>Modus re­<lb/>præ&longs;entandi <lb/>facies homi­<lb/>num &longs;ub di­<lb/>uer&longs;is colori­<lb/>bus.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg319"></margin.target>Luminis tres <lb/>&longs;pecies.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg320"></margin.target>Optima &longs;pe­<lb/>cula quæ.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg321"></margin.target>Cur à nitidis <lb/><expan abbr="tã">tam</expan>, ùm <expan abbr="lum&etilde;">lumen</expan> <lb/>reflectatur.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg322"></margin.target>Cur aliqua <lb/>&longs;olida per­<lb/>&longs;picua.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Videntur autem ab omnibus reflecti ra­<lb/>dij, quia aliquis nitor in omni &longs;olido cor­<lb/>pore e&longs;t. </s> <s>Verùm illud mirum, cur calor, & <lb/>radij per &longs;olida, cra&longs;&longs;a atque per&longs;picua ma­<lb/>gis permeent, quàm per opaca, tenuia, ac <lb/>rariora: non enim meatibus implentur per­<lb/>&longs;picua, qui aër continuus e&longs;t: & in vitro, & <lb/>cry&longs;tallo meatus illi directi non po&longs;&longs;unt <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e, quia non con&longs;i&longs;teret: radij autem re­<lb/>cti. </s> <s>Nec aqua patitur meatus, cùm tamen <lb/>&longs;it per&longs;picua. </s> <s>Omne igitur quòd lucis ima­<lb/>ginem recipit, id autem fæculentum non <lb/>e&longs;t, &longs;ed clarum, per&longs;picuum dicitur. </s> <s>Non <pb pagenum="419"/>enim lumen corpus, &longs;ed imago lucis, quæ <lb/>meatibus non indiget, velut nec calor: ca­<lb/>lor autem magis corporeus e&longs;t. </s> <s>Quia ergo <lb/>in &longs;olido recipiuntur radij, recipitur & ca­</s></p><p type="main"> <s><arrow.to.target n="marg323"></arrow.to.target><lb/>lor. </s> <s>Quomodo autem à &longs;yderibus reflecta­<lb/>tur, dubitatio non parua e&longs;t: nam &longs;i refle­<lb/>ctitur lumen à &longs;ydere, &longs;olidum &longs;ydus e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>oportet: quòd &longs;i &longs;olidum, cur motu non <lb/>frangitur, & eum à quo mouetur non fa­<lb/>tigat? </s> <s>Oportet autem quemadmodum & in <lb/>corpore animalium, animam &longs;pontè moue­<lb/>re, & alacriter: at in nobis alacritas illa de­<lb/>ficit, quia ibi &longs;olum e&longs;t vis, quæ a corde <lb/>transfunditur, vbi anima habitas: at in <lb/>cœlo cùm vbique anima &longs;it, e&longs;t alacritas <lb/>&longs;empiterna, ob id nec voluntate anima fa­<lb/>tigatur, quòd nullo corporeo indigeat au­<lb/>xilio: nec cor, quòd in eo &longs;it anima: &longs;ed <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg324"></arrow.to.target><lb/>tamen &longs;peciem habet fatigationis. </s> <s>Cœlum <lb/>autem cùm nunquam quie&longs;cat, & vbique <lb/>præ&longs;entem habeat animam, nunquam fati­<lb/>gari pote&longs;t. </s> <s>Sed de Lunæ circulo, quòd &longs;e­<lb/>cum æthera rapiat, non adeò clara quæ&longs;tio <lb/>e&longs;t, fatigari enim deberet: melius verò e&longs;t <lb/>dicere, toti ætheri hoc ine&longs;&longs;e &longs;pontè, vt <lb/>vnaquæque pars circumcirca feratur ab O­<lb/>riente in Occidentem, & &longs;ingulæ cùm &longs;uo <lb/>loco depul&longs;æ fuerint &longs;pontè ad eam reuer­<lb/>tantur. </s> <s>Hæc autem quæ&longs;tio pro nobis e&longs;t, <lb/>qui mundum finem habiturum, habui&longs;&longs;é­<lb/>que initium, in libris de Æternitatis arca­<lb/>nis cen&longs;uimus. </s> <s>Aut for&longs;an dicemus, quem­<lb/>admodum aquam ad Lunæ motum, &longs;ic æthe­<lb/>ra ad primi cœli &longs;pontè circumferri, non ele­<lb/>menti natura, &longs;ed obedientia ad &longs;uperiora: vel <lb/>quòd ad motum con&longs;eruandum hoc &longs;ufficit <lb/>nullo nixu, initium verò non &longs;ine labore fie­<lb/>ret. </s> <s>Sed hic motus cùm &longs;it &longs;empiternus, ini­<lb/>tio caruit. <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg325"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg323"></margin.target>Sydera an <lb/>&longs;olida.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg324"></margin.target>Quomodo <lb/>æther mo­<lb/>ueatur.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg325"></margin.target>Crepu&longs;culo­<lb/>rum ratio.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Verùm de his &longs;atis, ad lucis ac luminis <lb/>hi&longs;toriam reuertamur: vbi meritò for&longs;an <lb/>quis quæret, cur ante Solis ortum, & po&longs;t oc­<lb/>ca&longs;um, aër luceat & clariùs &longs;it? </s> <s>quod tempus <lb/>crepu&longs;culum vocatur. </s> <s>Sed cùm ve&longs;pertinum <lb/>crepu&longs;culi nomen retinuerit, matutinum in <lb/><gap/>uroræ nomen tran&longs;iit. </s> <s>Cuius meminit Vir­<lb/>gilius duo decim claris experimentis. </s> <s>Pri­<lb/>mùm referre &longs;at e&longs;t: <lb/><emph type="quote"/><emph type="italics"/>Aurora Oceanum croceo velamine fulgens <lb/>Liquerat, & biiugis vecta rubebat equis: <lb/>Luce polum nitida perfudit candidus orbis, <lb/>Et clarum emicuit Sole oriente iubar.<emph.end type="italics"/><emph.end type="quote"/></s></p><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Ergo Solis radij cùm impediuntur à ter­<lb/>ra, nullam claritatem afferunt, &longs;i non ali­<lb/>quo ex loco reflectantur. </s> <s>Etenim cùm me­<lb/>dia nox e&longs;t, ponatur cœlum Solis ABF, Sol <lb/>A B, terra C D, ducantur contingentes <lb/>ACE: & BDE, concurrentes in E, totum <lb/>igitur quod continetur &longs;ub cœlo ABF, & &longs;u­<lb/>pra, à lumine Solis illu&longs;tratur, præter tri­<lb/>gonum CDE, & tamen partes F, & G, non <lb/>videntur claræ, quia Solis radij penetrant, <lb/>nec reflectuntur. </s> <s>Sed neque Sol magnitudi­<lb/>ne &longs;ua pote&longs;t crepu&longs;culum facere, tum quia <lb/>radij viderentur, & Solem videremus ip&longs;um <lb/>tum quia, vt demon&longs;trauimus, ob maximam <lb/>altitudinem lineæ CE, & DE, fermè redde­<lb/>rentur æquidi&longs;tantes. </s> <s>Ergo crepu&longs;culum fit, <lb/>quoniam pars quæ &longs;upra terram e&longs;t, conten­<lb/>ta &longs;ub E, puncto, id e&longs;t, &longs;ub vmbra, terræ, à <lb/>vaporibus conden&longs;ata radios Solis excipit. <lb/>& ad nos reflectit. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Ob&longs;eruemus igitur Solem dum e&longs;t &longs;ub </s></p><p type="main"> <s><arrow.to.target n="marg326"></arrow.to.target><lb/>æquinoctiali circulo, qui crepu&longs;culum in­<lb/>choat partibus 19. ante ortum, id e&longs;t, ho­<lb/>ra fermè, & quarta ante Solis ip&longs;ius a&longs;cen­<lb/>&longs;um, & manife&longs;tum e&longs;t, quòd tunc primum <lb/>Solis radius, qui aërem illu&longs;trat, terram <lb/>contingit: nam &longs;i non contingeret, ex &longs;um­<lb/>mo loco vaporum contingens ad terram du­<lb/>ctus perueniret ad locum inferiorem priore, <lb/>atque &longs;ic crepu&longs;culum antea quàm dictum <lb/>&longs;it, inchoaret. </s> <s>Hoc igitur po&longs;ito, con&longs;ti­<lb/>tuatur circulus terram referens, cuius cen­<lb/>trum C, contangens linea AD, &longs;umma pars <lb/><figure id="fig26"></figure><lb/>vaporum E, locus radij Soli F, & vbi &longs;ecat <lb/>AD, ibi G, ponat: quia igitur Solis di&longs;tan­<lb/>tia maxima e&longs;t ad terræ comparationem, an­<lb/>gulus FGD, e&longs;t, ac &longs;i e&longs;&longs;et in centro C, terræ, <lb/>quare e&longs;t 19. partium, igitur & EGA, vt in <lb/>centro circuli: &longs;ed A, & B, recti &longs;unt, igitur <lb/>cùm E, communis &longs;it duobus trigonis CBE, <lb/>& AEG, ip&longs;i erunt &longs;imiles, & ideò ratio late­<lb/>rum cognita: at BC, e&longs;t millia pa&longs;&longs;uum (vt <lb/>dictum e&longs;t ) quinquies mille, igitur AE, e&longs;t <lb/>millia pa&longs;&longs;uum 288. & ad tantam altitudi­<lb/>nem vapores a&longs;cendunt. </s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg326"></margin.target>Demon&longs;tra­<lb/>tio o&longs;tendens <lb/>ad quandam <lb/>altitudinem <lb/>à terra va­<lb/>pores a&longs;cen­<lb/>dere po&longs;&longs;e.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>En vides humani ingenij &longs;ubtilitatem <lb/>quou&longs;que perueniat? </s> <s>Vitellionem haud ig­<lb/>noro deceptum e&longs;&longs;e, qui a&longs;cendere tantùm <lb/>ad 52. pa&longs;&longs;uum millia tradiderit, cùm quintu­<lb/>plo plus ac dimidio, quàm dixerit a&longs;cendant: <lb/>verùm cùm ambitum terræ contrahat, & <lb/>pa&longs;&longs;us ob id etiam maiores faciat aliquantò, <lb/>non tamen v&longs;que ad quartam partem debitæ <lb/>altitudinis deducere eam pote&longs;t. </s> <s>Quòd &longs;i vt <lb/>ad &longs;ummum deducatur crepu&longs;culum per <lb/>duas horas ante diem fiat, angulus C, in <lb/>circumferentia, qui æqualis e&longs;t G, partium <lb/>60. & E, 120. quare linea AE, quæ altitudo <lb/>vaporum, erit pa&longs;&longs;uum millia 772. & hoc <lb/>e&longs;t maximum ad quod a&longs;cendere vapores <lb/>po&longs;&longs;int è terra &longs;patium. </s> <s>Vnde Irides, Vir­<lb/>gæ incendia, hiatus cœli, non altiùs fie­<lb/>ri po&longs;&longs;unt: vt nec triplicati Soles, geminatæ <pb pagenum="420"/>Lunæ, multóque minùs imbres, grandines, <lb/>niues, pruinæ, & quæcunque à vaporibus <lb/>ortum habent. </s> <s>Exi&longs;timandum e&longs;t tamen in <lb/>diuer&longs;is locis variam hanc e&longs;&longs;e altitudinem, <lb/>quæ tamen præ&longs;criptum numerum pa&longs;&longs;uum <lb/>minimè excedat. </s> <s>Ponamus igitur, vt nobis, <lb/>qui à circulo Capricorni di&longs;tamus partibus <lb/>qua&longs;i 68. oculus &longs;it in B, Mediolani: pun­<lb/>ctus autem, qui videtur &longs;ub circulo Capri­<lb/>corni F. </s> <s>Con&longs;tat igitur, quòd proportio CE, <lb/>ad C B, e&longs;t, vt 8. ad 3. fermè. </s> <s>Cùm igitur <lb/>CA, &longs;it æqualis CB, erit proportio CB, ad <lb/>CA, etiam vt 8. ad 3. quare AC, ad AE, vt <lb/>5. ad 3. quare AE, e&longs;t millia pa&longs;&longs;uum 8000. <lb/>& in&longs;uper 333. de quibus non curo. </s> <s>Satis <lb/>con&longs;tat locum, qui à Mediolani incola vi­<lb/>deri debet &longs;ub hyemali circulo, à terra di­<lb/>&longs;tare plus, quàm decies altitudo vaporum <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg327"></arrow.to.target><lb/>pertingat. </s> <s>Sed ibi Cometes videntur à no­<lb/>bis, igitur non fiunt ex vaporibus. </s> <s>Sed nec <lb/>&longs;uprà in æthere, cùm ibi non &longs;it materia, <lb/>quæ accendi po&longs;&longs;it. </s> <s>At &longs;i dicas raptum hu­<lb/>morem eou&longs;que trahi vi &longs;iderum, quamvis <lb/>altior &longs;it locus, quàm communis hic vapo­<lb/>rum primùm quidem ob&longs;tat, quòd plerique <lb/>Cometes men&longs;em excedunt &longs;ecundum, aliqui <lb/>etiam nec in tertio finiuntur, huic conflagra­<lb/>tioni nec tota terræ machina &longs;ufficere. </s> <s><expan abbr="O&longs;t&etilde;-&longs;um">O&longs;ten­<lb/>&longs;um</expan> e&longs;t enim &longs;uperiùs, quòd ignis nunquam <lb/>in eadem e&longs;t materia, &longs;ed perpetuò nouam <lb/>requirit. </s> <s>Hoc autem &longs;idus cum cauda plerun­<lb/>que e&longs;t, & in æthere, quò fit vt minùs Luna <lb/>non &longs;it. </s> <s>Ardere autem tantam materiam, & <lb/>tribus durare men&longs;ibus, omninò impo&longs;&longs;ibile <lb/>e&longs;t. </s> <s>Accedit quòd aliqui hnmiliores e&longs;&longs;ent, <lb/>qui ab&longs;conderentur ante occa&longs;um, aut e&longs;&longs;ent <lb/>immobiles, quorum neutrum adhuc vi&longs;um <lb/>e&longs;t. </s> <s>Multa præter id &longs;unt, quæ ab&longs;urditatem <lb/>huius opinionis o&longs;tendunt: à quibus ab&longs;ti­<lb/>neo: quemadmodum illud Albuma&longs;aris, Co­<lb/>metem &longs;upra Venerem vi&longs;um fui&longs;&longs;e: e&longs;t au­<lb/>tem Venus multò altior Luna. </s> <s>Sed depræ­<lb/>hendere an Cometes in elementorum re­<lb/>gione &longs;it, an in cœlo fiat: facilè e&longs;t admo­<lb/>dum. </s> <s>Nam &longs;i maiorem habeat diuer&longs;itatem, <lb/>quàm Luna, in elementorum e&longs;&longs;e regione <lb/>nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t: &longs;ed &longs;i minorem, in cœlo fiet pro­<lb/>cul dubio. </s> <s>Vides quàm leuibus artificiis hu­<lb/>mana &longs;ubtilitas ad detegenda cœli arcana <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg328"></arrow.to.target><lb/>progrediatur. </s> <s>Communia &longs;unt omnibus Co­<lb/>metis, quòd triplici motu moueantur. </s> <s>Vno <lb/>ab Oriente in Occidentem, velut & &longs;ydera <lb/>omnia reliqua in horis 24. Altero ab Occi­<lb/>dente in Orientem, paulò plus, minú&longs;ve par­<lb/>te vna cœli, ad &longs;imilitudinem fermè Vene­<lb/>ris. </s> <s>Nam Cometes anni M.D.XXXII. cùm <lb/>vige&longs;ima &longs;ecunda die Septembris exortus <lb/>e&longs;&longs;et, & tertia die Decembris occubui&longs;&longs;et, in <lb/>71. diebus, ex 5. parte Virginis, in 8. Scor­<lb/>pij proce&longs;&longs;it: quo factum e&longs;t, vt &longs;olùm 63. <lb/>partibus, &longs;igniferi, &longs;ecundùm longitudinem <lb/>in diebus 71. proce&longs;&longs;erit, minus &longs;cilicet parte <lb/>vna diebus &longs;ingulis. </s> <s>Ex quo patet: &longs;ub Luna <lb/>eum e&longs;&longs;e non po&longs;&longs;e, nam &longs;ic motu primi <lb/>orbis velociùs, quàm Luna moueretur. <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg329"></arrow.to.target><lb/>Con&longs;tat enim Lunam in horis 24. retroce­<lb/>dere iuxta primi motus rationem partibus <lb/>13. Plinius exi&longs;timat Cometem non vltra <lb/>80. diem apparere, nec celeriùs 7. occulta­<lb/>ri. </s> <s>Simili ratione refert Hieronymus Fra­<lb/>ca&longs;torius, prioris exempli auctor, in &longs;uo de <lb/>Homocentricis libro, die 8. Septembris, an­<lb/>ni 1531. Cometem fui&longs;&longs;e paulò Sole Orien­<lb/>taliorem, id e&longs;t, iuxta 24. partem Virginis <lb/>iuxta autem initium Octobris, cùm Iupiter <lb/>e&longs;&longs;et in tertia Scorpij parte, factus e&longs;t illi <lb/>propinquus. </s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg327"></margin.target><expan abbr="Comet&etilde;">Cometem</expan> non <lb/>fieri in re­<lb/>gione ele­<lb/>mebtorum.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg328"></margin.target>Tria quæ <lb/>&longs;unt cometis <lb/>omnibus <lb/>communia.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg329"></margin.target>Quantum <lb/>Cometes du­<lb/>ret. <lb/>Sect.3.c.23.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>In men&longs;e itaque vno <emph type="italics"/>(<emph.end type="italics"/> nam in explicando <lb/>negligentior fuit) partes circiter 40. Come­<lb/>tes in longitudine &longs;uperauit, id e&longs;t, à 22. Vir­<lb/>ginis, ad &longs;ecundam, vel tertiam Scorpij <lb/>progre&longs;&longs;us, qui motus Veneris motui parùm <lb/>e&longs;t ab&longs;imilis, aut Mercurij. </s> <s>Tertius e&longs;t mo­<lb/>tus &longs;ecundùm latitudinem maximus, vt ( ni <lb/>ille fallatur ) incredibili celeritate modò ad <lb/>Boream vnus, modò alter ad Au&longs;trum fera­<lb/>tur: qui tum proce&longs;&longs;us fiunt, cùm Cometes <lb/>iuxta polos fuerint: nam tunc modica varie­<lb/>tas loci ad &longs;igniferum comparata, latitudi­<lb/>nem non parùm mutat. </s> <s>Aliud verò commu­<lb/>ne Cometis e&longs;t, quòd cauda &longs;emper ad vn­<lb/>guem, partem Soli oppo&longs;itam re&longs;picit: vt <lb/>cùm Sol occidit, Cometes caudam habet <lb/>ad amu&longs;&longs;im Orientem ver&longs;us, vt in ob&longs;cu­<lb/>ra Lunæ parte nobis &longs;ingulis diebus videre <lb/>licet. </s> <s>Tertium e&longs;t, quòd plerunque Solem <lb/>longitudine comitatur &longs;ic, vt in crepu&longs;culis <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg330"></arrow.to.target><lb/>tantùm videatur, non tamen &longs;emper. </s> <s>Quò <lb/>fit vt clarè pateat Cometem globum e&longs;&longs;e in <lb/>cœlo con&longs;titutum, qui à Sole illuminatus <lb/>videtur, & dum radij tran&longs;eunt, barbæ aut <lb/>caudæ effigiem formant. </s> <s>Hic igitur in cœ­<lb/>lo, &longs;i ibi e&longs;t generatio fieri pote&longs;t: &longs;i non <lb/>admittatur, dicere nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t, quod & ve­<lb/>rius e&longs;t, cœlum e&longs;&longs;e &longs;yderibus pluribus, &longs;ed <lb/>non admodum den&longs;is, plenum: quòd cùm <lb/>aër &longs;icce&longs;&longs;it, & attenuatur, vel etiam aliis <lb/>ex cau&longs;is, oculis no&longs;tris &longs;e&longs;ubiicit. </s> <s>Nam & <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg331"></arrow.to.target><lb/>quandoque Venus media die videtur, quam <lb/>de nouo genitam non e&longs;&longs;e &longs;atis con&longs;tat. </s> <s>Inde <lb/>fit vt ficce&longs;cente aëre maria multùm agiten­<lb/>tur tempe&longs;tatibus, & ventorum flatus per­<lb/>fæpè maximi &longs;uccedant, & nobiles ac Prin­<lb/>cipes, qui curis, vigiliis, odorati&longs;que cibis, <lb/>tum vinis potentibus &longs;iccantur, mortem op­<lb/>petant. </s> <s>Contingunt & hac cau&longs;a aquarum <lb/>imminutio, & pi&longs;cium mors, & &longs;terilitates, <lb/>& legum mutationes, ac &longs;editiones, & re­<lb/>gnorum &longs;ubuer&longs;iones: quæ omnia ( vt dixi) <lb/>ab immodica tenuitate, ac &longs;iccitate aëris <lb/>fiunt, vt Cometes horum quidem po&longs;&longs;it e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>&longs;ignum, cau&longs;a autem minimè. <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg332"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg330"></margin.target>Quid &longs;it Co­<lb/>metes.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg331"></margin.target>Cometarum <lb/>prodigia.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg332"></margin.target>Iridis colo­<lb/>ers quomodo <lb/>fiant.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>De iride verò quòd frequentior fit, & <lb/>quoniam palàm e&longs;t ip&longs;am in vaporum re­<lb/>gione fieri, minor e&longs;t dubitatio. </s> <s>Velut <lb/>enim aquæ gutta, cùm ex aduer&longs;o Solis in­<lb/>&longs;picitur, multos refert ac omnes &longs;plendidos <lb/>colores: ita è nube den&longs;a rorida, guttuli&longs;­<lb/>que &longs;catente fit iris. </s> <s>Omne enim ob&longs;curum <lb/>e&longs;t, veluti nigrum. </s> <s>Indicio &longs;unt vmbræ, quæ <lb/>ob id omnes nigræ videntur. </s> <s>Duplicé&longs;que <lb/>cùm paries &longs;imul radios Soli rectos & ex <lb/>aqua reflexos receperit, &longs;ic vt eorum pars <lb/>ab homine intercipiatur. </s> <s>Namque Solis ra­<lb/>diis illu&longs;tratur &longs;uperior vmbra, ob id non <lb/>adeò nigra e&longs;t. </s> <s>Cùm verò ob&longs;curum illumi­</s></p><p type="main"> <s><arrow.to.target n="marg333"></arrow.to.target><lb/>natur, & id politum fuerit, ad colores <lb/>pro lucis multitudine tran&longs;it. </s> <s>Ob&longs;cura <lb/>autem e&longs;t nubes, & guttæ aquæ poli­<lb/>tæ, ideò lucis varietate colores referunt. <pb pagenum="421"/>Cùm autem circulus interior proximior <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg334"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;it ob&longs;curitati, cæruleus videtur: medius, <lb/>qui lumino&longs;ior e&longs;t, viridis: exterior, qui & <lb/>maximus, ampliori luce illu&longs;tratus, croceus <lb/>e&longs;t. </s> <s>Purpureus verò atque xanthus, non <lb/>principales &longs;unt colores: &longs;ed cum varietate <lb/>luminis ex altero in alterum colorem &longs;it <lb/>tran&longs;itus, coëuntibus terminis nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t <lb/>in in medio, velut etiam in picturis, te­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg335"></arrow.to.target><lb/>nuiter colores alios apparere. </s> <s>E&longs;t autem <lb/>centrum Solis & oculi, & iridis in vna li­<lb/>nea. </s> <s>Sic enim ex caua nebula perpendicu­<lb/>lares radij reflectuntur: & quanquam ne­<lb/>bula ip&longs;a non &longs;it rotunda, &longs;oli tamen ra­<lb/>dij, qui ex parte rotunda reflectuntur, quia <lb/>&longs;oli perpendiculares &longs;unt, Solis imaginem <lb/>referunt: quæ quia debilis e&longs;t, & debili­<lb/>ter reflectitur, colorum &longs;peciem repræ&longs;en­<lb/>tat: nam lux cùm debilis redditur, in <lb/>&longs;plendidum colorem tran&longs;it: quæ &longs;i ma­<lb/>gis debilitetur, in colores nigro propin­<lb/>quiores mutatur: pò&longs;t &longs;i plus etiam, ad <lb/>colores &longs;ine luce peruenit: demùm ad ni­<lb/>grum vbi minimum e&longs;t de luce, vltimo <lb/>cùm deficit, tran&longs;it in tenebras. </s> <s>Igitur <lb/>cùm ad centrum ex &longs;ola rotunda, cauá­<lb/>que parte radij reflectantur, & &longs;i nubes <lb/>non caua &longs;it, & plures guttæ antè, reli­<lb/>qua quidem tota nubes con&longs;picitur, &longs;ed à <lb/>caua, rotundáque reflexio fit perpendicula­<lb/>ris, quæ iridem, id e&longs;t, Solem repræ&longs;en­<lb/>tat, non aliter, quam ex aquæ guttis vi­<lb/>debis, colores &longs;cilicet varios atque &longs;plen­<lb/>didos. </s> <s>Cùm igitur Sol e&longs;t in finitore, & <lb/>oculus ( vt dixi ) in recta linea cum centro <lb/>iridis, centrum iridis in finitore, nece&longs;&longs;a­<lb/>riò, erit, quare tunc ad vnguem iris &longs;ub &longs;e­<lb/>micirculi forma apparebit: nam reliqua <lb/>medietas nece&longs;&longs;ariò tota e&longs;t &longs;ub finitore, <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg336"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;i centrum in illo e&longs;t. </s> <s>Cùm verò Sol al­<lb/>tior extiterit, manife&longs;tum e&longs;t, quod li­<lb/>nea ducta à Solis centro per oculum infrà <lb/>finitorem cadet: igitur tunc centrum iridis <lb/>erit &longs;ub finitore: & quò Sol extiterit al­<lb/>tior, linea ducta à Sole per oculum hu­<lb/>milior erit, quare & centrum iridis, quod <lb/>in hac linea e&longs;t. </s> <s>Itáque quantò cen­<lb/>trum iridis magis erit &longs;ub finitore, eò &longs;u­<lb/>perioris &longs;emicirculi pars maior ab&longs;conde­<lb/>tur ab oculis no&longs;tris: quare quantò altior <lb/>Sol, eò minorem portionem vnius circu­<lb/>li iridem e&longs;&longs;e nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t. </s> <s>Liquet autem ex <lb/>his, tum quòd iridis pars media ab&longs;que ne­<lb/>bula e&longs;t, <gap/>um quòd &longs;ub terra latitet, iri­<lb/>dem nihil e&longs;&longs;e: nam non ex centro nebulæ <lb/>radij reflectuntur, &longs;ed centrum &longs;olum ima­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg337"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ginatione con&longs;tat. </s> <s>Quòd etiam vna tantùm <lb/>videri po&longs;&longs;it, haud dubium e&longs;t. </s> <s>Nam cùm <lb/>oculus in linea &longs;it, quæ à Sole procedit ad <lb/>centrum nebulæ, nulla alia, ni&longs;i idem ha­<lb/>beat centrum iris videri poterit. </s> <s>Sed nec <lb/>&longs;ub eodem centro, quoniam ex Sole refle­<lb/>xio fieri nequit: nam oculus habet ratio­<lb/>nem centri cauitatis: non quia &longs;it centrum, <lb/>&longs;ed quia ex duobus pu<gap/>ictis in eadem linea, <lb/>quæ à centro e&longs;t, duæ lineæ ad eadem pun­<lb/>cta &longs;ub æquis angulis reflecti non po&longs;&longs;unt. <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg338"></arrow.to.target><lb/>Relinquitur igitur, vt ex prima alia refle­<lb/>ctatur, quare &longs;ecundam maiorem prima e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t, & debiliorem multò: itaque ex <lb/>&longs;ecunda tertiam oriri e&longs;t impo&longs;&longs;ibile. </s> <s>Quia <lb/>igitur ex prima reflexa &longs;ecunda oritur, ne­<lb/>ce&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t, vt lineæ &longs;eu radij circuli prioris <lb/>iridis interiores, cùm maiorem angulum <lb/>faciant, longiùs re&longs;iliant, exteriores pro­<lb/>piùs: quare cir coeruleus erit exterior circulus <lb/>&longs;ecundæ iridis, medius viridis, vt primi ex­<lb/>terior croceus, contraria ad vnguem prio­<lb/>ri ratione. </s> <s>Planum etiam ex his e&longs;&longs;e exi&longs;ti­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg339"></arrow.to.target><lb/>mo, quòd cùm Sol e&longs;t in meridie iuxta æ&longs;ti­<lb/>uum &longs;ol&longs;titium &longs;emicirculi maximam habet <lb/>altitudinem: quò fit, vt centrum iridis &longs;e­<lb/>midiametro totius circuli eius &longs;it infra fini­<lb/>torem vi&longs;us, quare iris non videbitur: &longs;ed <lb/>cùm iuxta autumni æquinoctium, & per <lb/>totam hyemem, & po&longs;t æquinoctium ver­<lb/>num videbitur, &longs;ed eò minor, quò ( vt di­<lb/>ctum e&longs;t <emph type="italics"/>)<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;ol&longs;titio æ&longs;tiuo, & meridie ma­<lb/>gis appropinquabit. </s> <s>Cur autem dum iris <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg340"></arrow.to.target><lb/>modica e&longs;t, & parùm à finitore eleuatur, eò <lb/>maioris circuli pars e&longs;&longs;e videtur? </s> <s>Cau&longs;a e&longs;t, <lb/>quòd oculus magis di&longs;tare iridem, quò <lb/>humilior e&longs;&longs;e iudicat: quoniam di&longs;tantiam <lb/>intelligit, vt de a&longs;tris diximus. </s> <s>Sed cùm <lb/>di&longs;tare verticem iridis plus iudicat, latio­<lb/>rem etiam exi&longs;timat, velut etiam dixi, de <lb/>Sole, & Luna orientibus, at angulus maior <lb/>circuli maiorem illum e&longs;&longs;e o&longs;tendit, quod <lb/>facilè qui&longs;que intelligit, cùm minorem cir­<lb/>culum maiori ita in&longs;cribit, vt &longs;e tangant: <lb/>apparet enim maiorem in circumambiente <lb/>linea e&longs;&longs;e latiorem: ea de cau&longs;a minor por­<lb/>tio iridis, maioris circuli pars e&longs;&longs;e videtur. <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg341"></arrow.to.target><lb/>Sed non &longs;olùm irides ex nebulis, verum ex <lb/>remis dum agitantur in mari lucis reflexio­<lb/>ne, à guttis aquæ fiunt: & hyeme au&longs;tro <lb/>&longs;tante circa lucernas, maximè ab his, qui <lb/>oculos habent humidos: & à guttis in&longs;per­<lb/>&longs;is parieti, dum à Sole illuminantur, in ob&longs;­<lb/>curo oculo è directo re&longs;piciente: omnium <lb/>enim vna e&longs;t cau&longs;a, vt rectè refert Ari&longs;to­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg342"></arrow.to.target><lb/>teles. </s> <s>Sed Pareliæ, Virgæ, & Corona, quam <lb/>nos circa Solem vidimus, Halonem vo­<lb/>cant, coloris cau&longs;am eandem habent, quam <lb/>diximus: verùm, Pareliæ & ip&longs;æ &longs;olum ex <lb/>reflexione ad oculum fiunt, nulla pror&longs;us in <lb/>nubibus imagine: atque ideò ex guttilis <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg343"></arrow.to.target><lb/>tunc nubes con&longs;tat. </s> <s>Iris & igitur Pareliæ <lb/>plerumque pluuias nunciant leues, quia gut­<lb/>tulæ ex aqua &longs;unt & diui&longs;æ, radiu&longs;que Solis <lb/>penetrat. </s> <s>Corona autem &longs;ub&longs;tantiam habet <lb/>quippe quæ fit ex reflexione Solis, aut Lu­<lb/>næ, aut &longs;yderis alterius, tanquam ex cen­<lb/>tro à nube den&longs;a in circuitum, rotunda fi­<lb/>gura. </s> <s>Itaque non oculus eas fingit vt iridem <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg344"></arrow.to.target><lb/>& Parelias, &longs;ed factas videt, & in nubibus <lb/>con&longs;i&longs;tentes. </s> <s>Velut etiam&longs;i cry&longs;tallum, tri­<lb/>gonum, &longs;eu pri&longs;ma, vel hexagonam Soli <lb/>expo&longs;ueris, in aduer&longs;o pariete colores non <lb/>fictos, &longs;ed veros iridis videbis: & &longs;imiliter <lb/>&longs;ub va&longs;e vitreo pleno atque Soli, vel etiam <lb/>lumini claro expo&longs;i to, eo&longs;dem con&longs;picere <lb/>licet. </s> <s>Sed ficti erunt, &longs;i cry&longs;tallum in&longs;picias <lb/>aut vitrum: nam quales tu vides, & vbi <lb/>vides Sole præ&longs;ente, &longs;ocius non omninò <lb/>videbit: aut di&longs;&longs;imiles, aut non eodem lo­<lb/>co, quia veræ non &longs;unt, &longs;ed ab oculi a&longs;pe­<lb/>ctus ratione tantum profici&longs;cuntur. </s> <s>Quò fit <pb pagenum="422"/>vt mirer eos, qui affirmant, iridem vbi in­<lb/>cubuerit, plantas illas efficere odoratas, tum <lb/>maximè &longs;i iam naturâ tales &longs;int: vt laurus, <lb/>iuniperus, myrtus: credo potiùs cau&longs;am <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e, quam dixi, cur optima terra po&longs;t &longs;icci­<lb/>tatis imbre &longs;uperueniente benè oleat. </s> <s>Quis <lb/>enim vnquam irridem vidit arbori incum­<lb/>bentem? </s> <s>cùm &longs;ola <emph type="italics"/>(<emph.end type="italics"/> vt dixi ) vi&longs;us imagi­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg345"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ne con&longs;i&longs;tat. </s> <s>Quod igitur dicere oportet, <lb/>cum Ari&longs;totele e&longs;t, iridem apparere cum <lb/>ex guttulis nubes humilis e&longs;t, quæ po&longs;t lon­<lb/>gas &longs;iccitates arboribus &longs;uperueniens iam <lb/>natura odoratis concocto protinus humido <lb/>guttularum tenui, in vapores mirum in <lb/>modum odoratos euane&longs;cit: nam hoc ego <lb/>quandoque in æ&longs;tate matutinò vidi, in ro­<lb/>&longs;æ arbore iam are&longs;cente: tantus enim ex <lb/>rore citra iridem fragrabat odor, vt vix ei <lb/>quanquam au&longs;im comparare. </s> <s>Hac de cau&longs;a, <lb/>qui iridem viderunt iam, & naturam eius ig­<lb/>norant, odoris cau&longs;am in eam referunt. </s> <s>Ma­<lb/>tutin&ecedil; imbres, ve&longs;pertinæ <expan abbr="&longs;erenitat&etilde;">&longs;erenitatem</expan> indicare <lb/>apud nos &longs;olent: quoniam nobis <expan abbr="t&etilde;pus">tempus</expan> quale <lb/>cœlum plerumque occidente Sole, at &longs;ere­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg346"></arrow.to.target><lb/>num in iride ve&longs;pertina. </s> <s>At Corona, & Vir­<lb/>gæ, vel diu manent inconcu&longs;&longs;æ, & nimbos <lb/>prædicunt, nam nubes e&longs;t den&longs;a, quæ tam­<lb/>diu immota manet, & radiis &longs;yderis non <lb/>con&longs;umitur, nec di&longs;&longs;ipatur, quòd &longs;i pars <lb/>maneat, pars repentè di&longs;&longs;ipatur, aut tota <lb/>&longs;imul di&longs;&longs;ipetur, ventos prænunciat, ex ea <lb/>parte, quæ rectè imminet auul&longs;æ parti, vt <lb/>&longs;it qua&longs;i ventus chorda relicti arcus Halo­<lb/>nis, vel æquidi&longs;tans parti &longs;upremæ, aut la­<lb/>teri auul&longs;æ partis Virgæ: at &longs;i &longs;en&longs;im emar­<lb/>ce&longs;cant, tenuitatis vaporum indicium præ­<lb/>bent, atque ideò etiam &longs;erenitatis. </s> <s>Diffe­<lb/>runt autem inter &longs;e Pareliæ, & Virgæ, quan­<lb/>quam ambæ rectæ &longs;int ( nam inter Iridem <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg347"></arrow.to.target><lb/>& Coronam, quum Corona &longs;it circulus <lb/>completus, haud ob&longs;cura e&longs;t differentia) <lb/>quòd Virgæ oblongæ &longs;unt, & coloribus <lb/>Iridis di&longs;tinctæ, vno, per&longs;æpè duobus, plu­<lb/>ribu&longs;ve, quandoque in &longs;ummo nubium qua­<lb/>&longs;i imminentes capiti, aliquando qua&longs;i de&longs;­<lb/>cendentes, iuxta nubium &longs;itum: non val­<lb/>dè latæ, &longs;ed angu&longs;tæ, vnde nomen &longs;um­<lb/>p&longs;erunt. </s> <s>At Pareliæ rotundæ qua&longs;i, aut <lb/>parum oblongæ, Solem aut Lunam gemi­<lb/>natam o&longs;tendunt: quandoque à lateribus <lb/>Solis vna &longs;ingulis, &longs;ic vt tres Soles quan­<lb/>doque referant vt ego &longs;emel vidi: nec &longs;atis <lb/>noueram oculo, quis e&longs;&longs;et verus, adeò mica­<lb/>bant, qui à lateribus erant radiis: aderant <lb/>tunc & Iris vna, & Corona etiam, in cœ­<lb/>li medio ( dictum mirum<emph type="italics"/>)<emph.end type="italics"/> quum nullus Sol <lb/>ibi e&longs;&longs;et, &longs;ed omnes in Oriente: neque enim <lb/>fiunt hæc, ni&longs;i Sole occiduo, aut Orien­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg348"></arrow.to.target><lb/>te, dum nubes caua excipit, ac den&longs;a ra­<lb/>dios, atque remittit. </s> <s>Igitur quum tres Lu­<lb/>næ fuerint, media erit vera. </s> <s>Accidit rarò <lb/>de Luna geminata, rari&longs;&longs;imè de triplici: <lb/>quòd non fiat, ni&longs;i Luna (vt dixi) in Orien­<lb/>te, vel Occidente, ob cau&longs;am de Iride a&longs;&longs;i­<lb/>gnatam: nec ni&longs;i plenilunio fermè, cum <lb/>alio tempore &longs;it imbecillior: purum etiam <lb/>aërem & den&longs;i&longs;&longs;imam nubem expo&longs;tulat. <lb/>Cum verò trigemina futura e&longs;t, manife­<lb/>&longs;tum e&longs;t, quòd duas tales nubes, ac lo­<lb/>cis opportunis con&longs;titutas ade&longs;&longs;e oportet. <lb/>Frequentior e&longs;t Parelia Solis duplex, quàm <lb/>Lun&ecedil;&longs;implex. </s> <s>Simplex autem Solis frequens <lb/>e&longs;t, ac nullis nautis penè, magno etiam cum <lb/>periculo, non vi&longs;a. </s> <s>Accedit ad Parelia­<lb/>rum Lunæ raritatem, quod homines no­<lb/>cte non adeò vigilant, & in locis manent <lb/>apertis, ac &longs;ub diuo, &longs;icut de die, vt plu­<lb/>res longè fiant for&longs;an, quæ non videntur. <lb/>Solis autem imaginem impo&longs;&longs;ibile e&longs;t om­<lb/>nes latêre, tot &longs;ub dio mortalibus. </s> <s>At­<lb/>que ( vt reor ) eadem e&longs;t cau&longs;a, cur paucæ <lb/>irides Lunæ videantur: nam & hæ nocte <lb/>primum, Luna luminibus &longs;altem fermè <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg349"></arrow.to.target><lb/>plena, non multum circa æquinoctia­<lb/>lem circulum, & finitori propinqua vi­<lb/>deri po&longs;&longs;unt. </s> <s>Hanc ferunt in Germania, <lb/>vbi frequentius videtur ob poli altitu­<lb/>dinem, & nubium den&longs;itatem, bis vi­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg350"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;am vna ætate, Candida e&longs;t multò ma­<lb/>gis &longs;olari iride, vt pro cæruleo ob&longs;cura viridi­<lb/>tas, pro viridi croceus, pro crocea albus fer­<lb/>mè &longs;ubiiciatur. </s> <s>His rationibus palam e&longs;t, <lb/>cùm Sol aut Luna nunquam retrò capita <lb/>no&longs;tra agantur ad Boream, &longs;itque centrum <lb/>iridis in linea à Sole ad oculum, iridem in <lb/>Oriente in Occidente, & in Septentrione <lb/>tantùm &longs;pectari po&longs;&longs;e: in Au&longs;tro nunquam <lb/>ni&longs;i quantum ex Solis, & finitoris diuer&longs;i­<lb/>tate contingit, æ&longs;tate parietes in mane ver­<lb/>&longs;us Boream à primis radiis eius illu&longs;trari, <lb/>Cùm enim æ&longs;tate Sol oriatur, vbi circulus <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg351"></arrow.to.target><lb/>Cancri finitorem &longs;ecat, ratio &longs;phæræ edo­<lb/>cet, vt nobis au&longs;trum in&longs;picientibus, vm­<lb/>bras adeò obliquas exporrigat, vt ad Au­<lb/>&longs;trum tendere videantur. </s> <s>Eadémque ratio <lb/>dum occidit, viget: nam verticis axis cùm <lb/>ad centrum terræ de&longs;cendat: Sol verò citra <lb/>centrum terræ in circulo Cancri feratur, <lb/>nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t, vt quantò magis finitori pro­<lb/>pinquus e&longs;t Sol, eò illum borealiorem no­<lb/>bis videri, cùm lineæ, quæ ad verticem ten­<lb/>dit no&longs;trum, partis imæ comparatione ve­<lb/>rè &longs;it borealis. </s> <s>Sagitta enim ad circulum <lb/>Cancri perueniens in finitoris &longs;uperficie, <lb/>breuior e&longs;t, quàm vt nos attingat. </s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg333"></margin.target>Vmbræ cur <lb/>nigræ vi­<lb/>deantur.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg334"></margin.target>Ratio ordi­<lb/>nis colorum <lb/>in iride.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg335"></margin.target>Cur iris ro­<lb/>tundæ figu­<lb/>ræ.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg336"></margin.target>Cur iris vi­<lb/>deatur &longs;emi­<lb/>circuli for­<lb/>ma, dum &longs;ol <lb/>e&longs;t in finito­<lb/>re. <lb/>Cur iris dum <lb/>&longs;ol altior <lb/>e&longs;t, minor <lb/>videtur.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg337"></margin.target>Cur irides <lb/>tantum duo <lb/>videri &longs;imul <lb/>po&longs;&longs;int.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg338"></margin.target>Iridis &longs;ecun­<lb/>dæ colorum <lb/>ordo.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg339"></margin.target>Cur iris in <lb/>meridie non <lb/>fiat.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg340"></margin.target>Cur iris quò <lb/>minorem re­<lb/>fert circuli <lb/>portionem, eo <lb/>maioris cir­<lb/>culi pars vi­<lb/>detur.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg341"></margin.target>Iris ex re­<lb/>mis, & lu­<lb/>cerna, & <lb/>guttulis.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg342"></margin.target>De corona, <lb/>pareliis, & <lb/>virgis.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg343"></margin.target>Iris, & par<gap/>­<lb/>liæ quid &longs;i­<lb/>gnificent.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg344"></margin.target>Colores iri­<lb/>dis veræ, <lb/>quomodo <lb/>fiant à cry­<lb/>&longs;tallo, & vi­<lb/>tro. <lb/>Iris quomo­<lb/>do bene olere <lb/>faciat arbo­<lb/>res.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg345"></margin.target>2.Problem.b <lb/>3.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg346"></margin.target>Corona, & <lb/>virgæ quid <lb/>prænuncient.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg347"></margin.target>Virgæ, & <lb/>pareliæ, in <lb/>quod diffe­<lb/>rant, tum <lb/>iris, & coro­<lb/>na.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg348"></margin.target>Cur paraliæ, <lb/>& geminæ <lb/>lunæ rari&longs;&longs;i­<lb/>mè contin­<lb/>gant.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg349"></margin.target>Cur irides <lb/>lunæ raræ, <lb/>& quales.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg350"></margin.target>Iridem in <lb/>au&longs;tro à no­<lb/>bis videri <lb/>non po&longs;&longs;e.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg351"></margin.target>Æ&longs;tate ma­<lb/>nè, & ve&longs;pe­<lb/>ri vmbræ <lb/>qua&longs;i au­<lb/>&longs;trales.</s></p><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Sed & ex his di&longs;tantiam iridis vi&longs;æ à no­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg352"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;tris pedibus iam metiri di&longs;camus. </s> <s>Sit ar­<lb/>cus &longs;emicirculi AB tran&longs;euntis per Solem, <lb/>& oculos no&longs;tros, ac verticem no&longs;trum, <lb/>& centrum iridis, tum illius verticem <lb/>A B: & &longs;it centrum mundi C, centrum <lb/>iridis D, cuius &longs;emidiameter, & &longs;inus ver­<lb/>&longs;us &longs;eu &longs;agitto E F, medietas ima arcus <lb/>iridis vi&longs;a E F, Sol K: quia igitur ar­<lb/>cus K A notus e&longs;t, erit & angulus in C, <lb/>qua&longs;i e&longs;&longs;et centrum mundi punctus C, ob <pb pagenum="423"/>di&longs;tantiam cognitus: quare angulus DCF, <lb/>& F rectus e&longs;t: igitur trigonus C F D co­<lb/>gnitus ex tabula de chorda, & arcu. </s> <s>Du­<lb/>cemus igitur C E H, & erit arcus B H ex <lb/>plani&longs;phærio illicò notus: nam hæc e&longs;t pri­<lb/>ma operatio, & facillima illius in&longs;trumen­<lb/>ti, quæ illicò nobis occurrit. </s> <s>Igitur an­<lb/>gulus BCH notus: & eodem modo CFE re­<lb/>ctus: igitur trigonus CFE, & proportio quin­<lb/>que linearum CD, CE, CF, DE, EF, & quan­<lb/>ta &longs;it portio &longs;emicirculi EG ex tabula de chor­<lb/>da, & arcu: nam po&longs;ita DE, 60. duplicabi FG, <lb/>quam infrà docebo, & arcus illi chordæ è <lb/>directo &longs;criptus, e&longs;t totius iridis, quæ ap­<lb/>paret, id e&longs;t, dupli G E. </s> <s>Et ita habes iam <lb/>quantitatem iridis, quamuis non videas <lb/>imum illius, id e&longs;t, punctum G, nam vix <lb/>vnquam pote&longs;t e&longs;&longs;e certus de puncto G, an <lb/>&longs;it ima pars iridis, propter locorum inæ­<lb/>qualitatem. </s> <s>Pò&longs;t procedo ad L, & video <lb/>altitudinem B M per E punctum, igitur <lb/>angulus M E H e&longs;t cognitus: quia ( vt de­<lb/>claratum e&longs;t<emph type="italics"/>)<emph.end type="italics"/> vapores parum a&longs;cendunt, &longs;ed <lb/>longè minus nubes: vt Albertus Magnus <lb/>exi&longs;timat, non plus 15. &longs;tadiis: e&longs;t igitur <lb/>ac &longs;i angulus HCM e&longs;&longs;et in centro terræ, <lb/>& ideò CEL cognitus, & F C E fuit co­<lb/>gnitus igitur C L E & totus trigonus <lb/>C E L per eandem tabulam: & quia an­<lb/>gulus F E C cognitus fuit, & LEC, erit <lb/>angulus FEL cognitus, quare cum F rectus <lb/>&longs;it, erit trigonus FCL cognitus: quare pro­<lb/>portio FL ad LE cognita, & iam L E ad <lb/>LC cognita fuit ex trigono ELC, igitur <lb/>ratio FL ad L C cognita: &longs;ed L C e&longs;t co­<lb/>gnita men&longs;ura, e&longs;t enim proce&longs;&longs;us tuus, igi­<lb/>tur FL cognita, & etiam FC ex ip&longs;is com­<lb/>po&longs;ita: F G autem cognita fuit & ED: ideò <lb/>cum duxeris EF in aggregatum ex E D & <lb/>D E & producti latus quadratum acce­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg353"></arrow.to.target><lb/>peris, habebis G F ex S. &longs;exti, & 31. <lb/>tertij elementorum Euclidis. </s> <s>Ducta igi­<lb/>tur C F in &longs;e, & F G in &longs;e, latus ag­<lb/>gregati, e&longs;t linea C G di&longs;tantia à loco <lb/>iridis, vbi terram tangit. </s> <s>Con&longs;picuum <lb/>autem e&longs;t, quòd &longs;i quis &longs;uper montem <lb/>a&longs;cendat alti&longs;&longs;imum, iridem maiorem &longs;e­<lb/>micirculo videbit, & eò maiorem, quò <lb/>mons altior extiterit: quod enim ha­<lb/>bet ante oculos &longs;patium, vacui habet <lb/>rationem Neque ignorare decet, maxi­<lb/>mam iridem non vltra quadraginta duas <lb/>partes in no&longs;tris regionibus &longs;upra finito­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg354"></arrow.to.target><lb/>rem eleuari. </s> <s>Maxima autem fit iris, <lb/>quum Sol in occa&longs;u, vel ortu extite­<lb/>rit, & linea C F fuerit longi&longs;&longs;ima. </s> <s>Con­<lb/>&longs;tat igitur etiam &longs;ciri po&longs;&longs;e, quanta &longs;it <lb/>maxima iridis à nobis di&longs;tantia, illius <lb/>&longs;uppo&longs;ita magnitudine, tum verò ex di­<lb/>&longs;tantia ip&longs;a magnitudinem, provt defi­<lb/>nitum e&longs;t, comparata F G linea ad C G <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg355"></arrow.to.target><lb/>iam cognitam. </s> <s>Iam verò ex reflexione <lb/>con&longs;tat, quòd &longs;i &longs;peculum ponatur &longs;ub <lb/>aqua, imago Solis ab aqua reflectetur, <lb/>quæ Solem referet alia verò quæ ex a­<lb/>quæ &longs;uperficie coangu&longs;tatur ob medij den­<lb/>&longs;itatem, à &longs;peculo reflectetur, & &longs;y­<lb/>deris exigui imaginem refert, putant­<lb/>que homines &longs;ydus aliquod e&longs;&longs;e Soli pro­<lb/>pinquum, quod eo artificio detegatur, <lb/>cùm &longs;atis con&longs;tet imaginem e&longs;&longs;e Solis, <lb/>&longs;ed ab aqua in &longs;peculum refractam, quam <lb/>plerumque in deliquiis Solis homines, dum <lb/>deliquium &longs;pectare &longs;tudent, in &longs;peculo vide­<lb/>re &longs;olent. <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg356"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg352"></margin.target>Quomodo di­<lb/>&longs;tantiam iri­<lb/>dis à no&longs;tris <lb/>pedibus de­<lb/>præhenda <lb/>mus, & illius <lb/><expan abbr="quãtitatem">quantitatem</expan>.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg353"></margin.target>Quomo iris <lb/>maxima po&longs;­<lb/>&longs;it videri. <lb/><expan abbr="Quãtum">Quantum</expan> &longs;u­<lb/>pra <expan abbr="finitor&etilde;">finitorem</expan> <lb/>eleuari po&longs;&longs;it <lb/>iris.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg354"></margin.target>in <lb/>aqua ob &longs;pe­<lb/>culum.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg355"></margin.target>Cur dum Sol <lb/>deliquum pa­<lb/>titur, figura <lb/>per angulare <lb/>foramen ra­<lb/>diorum <expan abbr="trã-&longs;euntium">tran­<lb/>&longs;euntium</expan> na­<lb/>uis formam <lb/>referat.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg356"></margin.target>Cur radij <lb/>per inci&longs;ur<gap/><lb/>angularem <lb/>tran&longs;euntes <gap/><lb/>in &longs;ubiectum <lb/>planum ro­<lb/>tundam fi­<lb/>guram effin­<lb/>gant.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Sed cur dum Sol deliquium pati­<lb/>tur, illius imago per angulare foramen <lb/>delata, nauis formam refert? </s> <s>Mira nunc <lb/>à me ratio radiorum e&longs;t explicanda, &longs;ed <lb/>&longs;en&longs;im ob difficultatem: nam cur pri­<lb/>mò radij per inci&longs;uram angularem tran­<lb/>&longs;euntes, in &longs;ubiectum planum rotundam <lb/>figuram, non rectam o&longs;tendant, & eò <lb/>rotundiorem, quò magis procul e&longs;t pla­<lb/>num ab inci&longs;ura, demon&longs;trandum e&longs;t. <lb/>Cau&longs;a huius e&longs;t duplex, quæ &longs;uperiùs <lb/>e&longs;t enarrata. </s> <s>Nam lineæ quæ priùs coi­<lb/>bant, quantò longiùs procedunt, tan­<lb/>tò æquidi&longs;tantium magis naturæ appro­<lb/>pinquant: quò fit, vt ab angulorum na­<lb/>tura ab&longs;cedentes, rotundæ magis acce­<lb/>dant. </s> <s>Hoc igitur iam in &longs;uperiore figu­<lb/>ra demon&longs;trauimus: atque eò magis, <lb/>quòd radij à toto Sole, non ab vno <lb/>puncto prodeunt. </s> <s>Altera e&longs;t, quòd cùm <lb/>figura quò magis ab&longs;cedit, eò magis au­<lb/>getur: oculus verò obiecti illam partem <lb/>relinquit, quæ debilior e&longs;t minima par­<lb/>te rei, quam videre pote&longs;t, vt iam &longs;up­<lb/>po&longs;uimus ab initio. </s> <s>Cùm rotundior pars, <lb/>& ampla, lumine &longs;uo angulos obum­<lb/>bret, nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t, vt partes tenuiorum <lb/>virium, id e&longs;t, angulares, priùs mo­<lb/>uere vi&longs;um de&longs;inant mediis, in quas co­<lb/>pio&longs;us emittitur radius: igitur figuræ il­<lb/>læ rotundæ apparebunt, & eò rotundio­<lb/>res, quò magis non &longs;olum ab inci&longs;ura <lb/>ea, per quam radij tran&longs;eunt illam con­<lb/>&longs;tituentes abfuerint, &longs;ed etiam ab ocu­<lb/>lis intuentium. </s> <s>Hæc igitur cum &longs;int cla­<lb/>ri&longs;&longs;ima, & vbi lumen &longs;ub propria qua­<lb/>&longs;i quantitate excipitur, &longs;i quid &longs;it inter­<lb/>medium, cum vmbra defertur: imagi­<lb/>ne igitur Solis qua&longs;i &longs;ub magnitudine <lb/>redacta, quà &longs;ubiicitur oculis inci&longs;uræ <lb/>beneficio, cum Luna interpo&longs;ita &longs;it cor­<lb/>pus den&longs;um atque opacum, nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t <lb/>vmbram etiam Lunæ in figuræ videri. <lb/>Sed Lunæ vmbra rotunda e&longs;t, quia Lu­<lb/>na ip&longs;a e&longs;t rotunda, & forma à qua ab­<lb/>&longs;cinditur rotunda: igitur cum à rotundo <lb/>rotundum ex vna parte aufertur, relin­<lb/>quatur nauiculæ &longs;eu vacuæ Lunæ imago, <lb/>nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t in deliquiis formas, quæ in <lb/>planis de&longs;cribuntur, à radiis per angula­<lb/>res inci&longs;uras tran&longs;euntibus, nec angula­<lb/>res nec rotundas e&longs;&longs;e, &longs;ed lunares, &longs;eu <lb/>ad nauiculæ formam factas. </s> <s>Verum opus <lb/>e&longs;t diligenti con&longs;pectu, quoniam cum <lb/>Luna &longs;it peruia, rotunda videbitur eiu&longs;­<lb/>modi figura. </s> <s>Sed clarior par lunarem for­<lb/>mam ( vt dixi ) repræ&longs;entat. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Hæc volui &longs;ubiicere, quoniam hoc in <lb/>libro, vt præfatus &longs;um, nihil fal&longs;um, aut <lb/>dubium &longs;cribere volui. </s> <s>Quòd &longs;i cui ea, quæ <lb/>proponimus, non &longs;uccedant, &longs;eip&longs;um igno­<lb/>rantiæ, non me accu&longs;et mendacij. </s> <s>Sed ad <lb/>rem regredior. </s> <s>Eiu&longs;dem deliquij tempore <pb pagenum="424"/>crocea omnia videntur: multis etiam dolor <lb/>non leuis capitis contingit. </s> <s>Cau&longs;a e&longs;t, quod <lb/>lumen paucum e&longs;t, & ob id croceum. </s> <s>Indi­<lb/>cat hoc aurora, quæ & ip&longs;a crocea e&longs;t, vnde <lb/>illud Virgilij: <lb/><emph type="quote"/><emph type="italics"/>Tithoni croceum linquens Aurora cubile.<emph.end type="italics"/><emph.end type="quote"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Antiqui enim, Seruio te&longs;te, ex Varronis <lb/>authoritate, diem à prima luce inchoabant: <lb/>quem & in quatuor partes diuidebant. </s> <s>Ha­<lb/>rum prima erat manè, quæ & aurora, à <lb/>Manum, quod e&longs;t bonum: &longs;ic enim &longs;alutare <lb/>&longs;e antiqui &longs;olebant, tempe&longs;tiuè &longs;urgentes: <lb/>inde ortum ab ortu. </s> <s>Solis ad quartam horam <lb/>v&longs;que: quòd Sol perpetuò a&longs;cendere vide­<lb/>retur, appellabat: à quarta ad octauam v&longs;­<lb/>que meridiem, qua&longs;i Sol meridiaret: & v&longs;­<lb/>que ad 22. occa&longs;um, quòd de&longs;cenderet, ac <lb/>tandem occultaretur. </s> <s>Vnde horæ hæ æqua­<lb/>les erant, &longs;cilicet 12. pars diei à Solis ortu <lb/>ad occa&longs;um. </s> <s>Nox verò in quinque, ve&longs;pe­<lb/>ra, quæ & crepu&longs;culum nocturnum, &longs;eu lux <lb/>dubia: conticinium cum obtenebraretur <lb/>aër: hoc &longs;e quieti tradebant: intempe&longs;ta, <lb/>quæ metas vigilantium excederet, & neque <lb/>&longs;urgentibus e&longs;&longs;et accommodata: erátque <lb/>tempus à 4. ad 8. horam inde gallicinium <lb/>ad 10. fermè, à qua ad auroram lucifer. </s> <s>Sed <lb/>vt ad propo&longs;itum redeam, eadem ratione <lb/>in aëre fieri permutationem nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t ma­<lb/>guam, ob quam quibus caput e&longs;t imbecil­<lb/>le, dolet. </s> <s>Verùm dices, nonne dum Sol ori­<lb/>tur, parum etiam luminis ad nos peruenit <lb/>& dum occidit, & tamen illud candidum <lb/>e&longs;t, &longs;icut & quod paruo foramine per fe­<lb/>ne&longs;tram in ob&longs;curum cubiculum ingreditur? <lb/>Sed cau&longs;a huius e&longs;t, quòd dum Sol oritur </s></p><p type="main"> <s><arrow.to.target n="marg357"></arrow.to.target><lb/>aut occidit, parum temporis ab&longs;umit, ma­<lb/>net autem diu in deliquio: quòd &longs;i quis <lb/>primos radios orientis aut vltimos occiden­<lb/>tis Solis, qui non ex centro veniunt, tum <lb/>maximè procul in&longs;piciat, croceos ab&longs;que <lb/>dubio illos e&longs;&longs;e videbit. </s> <s>Ex his igitur duo <lb/>per&longs;picua &longs;unt: Solem vndequaque non ex <lb/>&longs;olo centro radios emittere: & tamen ra­<lb/>dios, qui ex centro emittuntur, e&longs;&longs;e vali­<lb/>diores: quod et&longs;i non fatearis, modò pri­<lb/>mum concedas, nihil ad res demon&longs;trandas <lb/>detrimenti afferet. </s> <s>Verùm (vt dixi ) ex toto <lb/>Sole tanquam ex igne vndequaque radios <lb/>prodire claret, quoniam deliquij tempore <lb/>pars, quæ centro oppo&longs;ita e&longs;t occupatur à <lb/>Luna, & tamen aër, & parietes illumi­<lb/>nantur. </s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg357"></margin.target>S<gap/>lemtotum <lb/>& vnde­<lb/>quaque ra­<lb/>dios emitte­<lb/>re.</s></p><figure></figure><p type="caption"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Speculum.<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg358"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg358"></margin.target>Quomodo <lb/>&longs;peculum <lb/>concauum <lb/>omnes radios <lb/>in vnum <lb/>colligat.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>E&longs;t etiàm ratio &longs;peculi concaui hoc <lb/>o&longs;tendens, quoniam non aliter in vnum <lb/>punctum coire po&longs;&longs;ent omnes radij, ni&longs;i à <lb/>toto Sole procederent. </s> <s>Finge tu ex centro <lb/>Solis &longs;olum illu&longs;trari &longs;peculum, profectò <lb/>&longs;olus radius vnus in &longs;peculi centrum reddi­<lb/>bit. </s> <s>Vnde ergo fit, vt in centro &longs;peculi con­<lb/>caui ignis &longs;emper accendatur, & omnes ex <lb/>Sole radij coëant: hoc enim Euclides rectè <lb/>demon&longs;trauit in &longs;uis &longs;pecularibus. </s> <s>Nam ex <lb/>ABCDE in F centrum omnes radij inter K <lb/>& L reflectuntur, non ex vno tantùm cir­<lb/>culo, vnde in F ignis accenditur. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Sed meritò dubitabis: primò, cur radij, qui </s></p><p type="main"> <s><arrow.to.target n="marg359"></arrow.to.target><lb/>in &longs;eip&longs;os reflectuntur, hi autem &longs;oli &longs;unt <lb/>perpendiculares, validi &longs;int? </s> <s>Cau&longs;a e&longs;t mani­<lb/>fe&longs;ta: qui enim reflectitur à perpendiculo, in <lb/>&longs;eip&longs;um redit, vt ex E in F, ex K, quare con­<lb/>duplicatur radius &longs;ecundum longitudinem <lb/>totus: qui autem ex alio puncto in EK re­<lb/>flectitur, illum &longs;ecat, & abit: at qui &longs;ecat, in <lb/>puncto &longs;ecat, igitur nullum præbet vim. <lb/>Nam punctus cum careat quantitate, caret <lb/>& viribus: igitur et&longs;i infiniti radij per eun­<lb/>dem punctum reflectantur, nihilo &longs;unt ro­<lb/>bu&longs;tiores. </s> <s>Nam quod e&longs;t nihilum, quantum­<lb/>uis ingemines, nihil producit: igitur radiis, <lb/>qui non reflectuntur à perpendiculo, nulla <lb/>pror&longs;us e&longs;t vis, vt &longs;ecent. </s> <s>Proximis tamen <lb/>ac proximioribus eò maior e&longs;t vis, quoniam <lb/>radius radio proximus e&longs;t, non quia &longs;ecet in <lb/>puncto: nam &longs;ectio nihil refert, cùm (vt di­<lb/>xi) in indiui&longs;ibili fiat, &longs;ed propinquitas: nam <lb/>iuxta longitudinem, diu & magno &longs;pacio, <lb/>&longs;i radius radio hæret, vtriu&longs;que vis in vnum <lb/>coit, ac qua&longs;i ingeminatur. </s> <s>Qua&longs;i dixi, <lb/>quoniam &longs;olus a perpendiculo cùm in &longs;e re­<lb/>deat, etiam &longs;olus vim &longs;uam exqui&longs;itè du­<lb/>plicat. </s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg359"></margin.target>Propo&longs;itio <lb/>vltima, cur <lb/>radij perpen­<lb/>diculares <lb/>&longs;oli &longs;int va­<lb/>lidi.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Altera dubitatio erat, &longs;i &longs;peculum &longs;it ma­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg360"></arrow.to.target><lb/>gnum ex parte KG, reflexi radij cur non il­<lb/>luminant circum&longs;tantes partes circa F, vt <lb/>&longs;altem claritas reddatur, verùm omnes hi <lb/>radij infra F reflectuntur? </s> <s>Nam &longs;i ducatur <lb/>radius ex E in G, angulus F G K maior e&longs;t <lb/>recto in angulo F G E, igitur reflectetur <lb/>infra FG per angulum FGE: quare quantò <lb/>maius e&longs;t &longs;peculum, & maior etiam &longs;uæ <lb/>&longs;phæræ portio, eò magis atque celeriùs ac­<lb/>cendit. </s> <s>Huius tamen generis &longs;peculum non <lb/>procul ignem accendere pote&longs;t, cum &longs;emper <lb/>in centro radij cogantur. </s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg360"></margin.target>Speculum <lb/>concauum <lb/>quò maius, <lb/>eò faciliùs <lb/>accendit.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Supere&longs;t tertia dubitatio non leuis. </s> <s>Quo­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg361"></arrow.to.target><lb/>niam radij, qui ex parte E C à puncto <lb/>K reflectuntur, vt ex K procedens à <lb/>puncto D ver&longs;us H reflectetur, & &longs;altem <lb/>illuminabit partes iuxta F, contra experi­<lb/>mentum. </s> <s>Euidens e&longs;t hoc magis in radiis <lb/>ex B & C in K deductis. </s> <s>Cau&longs;a huius e&longs;t, <lb/>quod &longs;parguntur, nullú&longs;que e&longs;t perpendicu­<lb/>laris radius, luménque in F ingens ob&longs;u&longs;cat <lb/>proximas partes: debilior enim e&longs;t radius <lb/>ex concauo &longs;peculo reflexus, quàm ex <lb/>plano, qui labitur, &longs;i non &longs;it perpendicu­<lb/>laris. </s> <s>Cau&longs;æ igitur roboris radiorum &longs;unt, <lb/>per &longs;e coitio à perpendiculari, vt in ca­<lb/>uis &longs;peculis. </s> <s>Proxima huic e&longs;t reflexio à <lb/>perpendiculari ab&longs;que coitione, vt in pla­<lb/>nis &longs;peculis directè Soli expo&longs;itis. </s> <s>Tertia &longs;uc­<lb/>ccdit, reflexio non à perpendiculari, &longs;ed <pb pagenum="425"/>tamen ad angulos æquales, vt à plano &longs;pe­<lb/>culo non directè Soli expo&longs;ito: nam nec <lb/>hanc oculus &longs;u&longs;tinet. </s> <s>Quarta reddit imagi­<lb/>nem &longs;ed &longs;u&longs;tineri pote&longs;t, cùm radij ad æqua­<lb/>lem angulum reflectuntur, &longs;ed &longs;parguntur <lb/>vt in cauis &longs;peculis extra pyramidem vtram­<lb/>que, & quæ à centro &longs;peculi ad &longs;peculum, <lb/>& à centro &longs;peculi ad rem vi&longs;am: vt ex­<lb/>tra pyramidem FKL, & FAC. </s> <s>Quinta e&longs;t, <lb/>cùm à corpore non polito reflectuntur ra­<lb/>dij, ad vi&longs;um inutiles: non ad calorem: <lb/>nam & hi perpendiculares ( vt dixi) reflexi <lb/>ingeminant caliditatem propter coitionem <lb/>&longs;ed imaginem haud reddunt. </s> <s>Cau&longs;æ autem <lb/>roboris radiorum per accidens dicuntur, <lb/>magnitudo & propinquitas lucidi, & quòd <lb/>radius ille ex centro lucidi profici&longs;catur: tum <lb/>&longs;ynceritas medij, & radiorum ip&longs;orum. </s> <s>His <lb/>cau&longs;is accidit, vt lumen aliud alio euadat <lb/>validius: vnde reflexionem &longs;olarium radio­<lb/>rum ex Luna & &longs;yderibus ob di&longs;tantiam <lb/>quanquam puriorem toleramus, à cry&longs;tal­<lb/>lo, & aqua oculis ferre non po&longs;&longs;umus. </s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg361"></margin.target>Cur &longs;pecula <lb/>caua, cum <lb/>vbique <expan abbr="refle-ctãt">refle­<lb/>ctant</expan> radios, <lb/>non tamen <lb/>vbique red­<lb/>dunt imagi­<lb/>nem. <lb/>Cau&longs;æ robo­<lb/>ris radio­<lb/>rum per &longs;e, <lb/>& per acci­<lb/>dens.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Verùm cùm duo videantur e&longs;&longs;e modi ac­<lb/>cendendi ignem ex &longs;peculo: primus, vt om­<lb/>nes radij in centrum &longs;peculi incidentes col­<lb/>ligantur in vno puncto per reflexionem, <lb/>qui fit ( vt dictum e&longs;t ) cum cauo &longs;peculo <lb/>&longs;phærico. </s> <s>Secundus e&longs;t, vt omnes æquidi­<lb/>&longs;tantes colligantur, qui è &longs;ole prodeunt, in <lb/>punctum vnum, qui etiam fit parabole: ex­<lb/>tare de hoc libros Archimedis, vbi docet <lb/>comburentia &longs;pecula parabole con&longs;tare, <lb/>Franci&longs;cum Maurolycum Me&longs;&longs;anen&longs;em &longs;cri­<lb/>p&longs;i&longs;&longs;e, apud Conradum Ge&longs;nerum inuenio. <lb/>Res autem &longs;ic &longs;e habet. </s> <s>Cùm &longs;uperficies <lb/>conum rectum &longs;ecat, & &longs;uperficiei deme­<lb/>tiens æquidi&longs;tat lateri trigoni in&longs;cripti &longs;u­<lb/>perficiei conum per axem ex vertice &longs;ecantis <lb/>&longs;uperficies illa parabole dicitur, quæ &longs;it <lb/>A B C. </s> <s>Cuius rectà à vertice B diuidens <lb/>AC rectam &longs;ubiectam æquis lateribus, cur­<lb/>uis BA & BC, vocetur <expan abbr="dimeti&etilde;s">dimetiens</expan> BD. AC au­<lb/>tem diameter, ba&longs;is coni K, medium B D: <lb/>dico HKL talem &longs;emper habere portionem <lb/><figure id="fig27"></figure><lb/>ad perpendicularem quamcunque ex latere <lb/>&longs;uper dimetiens venientem, qualis e&longs;t ip­<lb/>&longs;ius perpendicularis ad partem dimetientis <lb/>inter verticem, & perpendicularem inter­<lb/>ceptam. </s> <s>Velut &longs;it perpendicularis F G, ta­<lb/>lem habebit igitur H L proportionem ad <lb/>GF qualis FG ad GF, & vocabitur tunc HL <lb/>latus rectum, & omnes æquidi&longs;tantes BD, <lb/>&longs;eu radij reflectentur in K. </s> <s>E&longs;t verò HL &longs;em­<lb/>per quadrupla BK. <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg362"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg362"></margin.target>De &longs;peculo, <lb/>quod combu­<lb/>rit naues <lb/>procul ve­<lb/>nientes 3.de <lb/>emperamen <lb/>tis, cap.3.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Sed &longs;i propo&longs;itum &longs;it facere &longs;peculum, <lb/>quod procul comburat, qualem feci&longs;&longs;e Ga­<lb/>lenus narrat Archimedem, qui ho&longs;tium <lb/>triremes deu&longs;&longs;erit: manife&longs;tum e&longs;t &longs;pecula <lb/>&longs;eu à parabole &longs;umpta fuerint, &longs;eu à circu­<lb/>lo ac &longs;phæra, maxima e&longs;&longs;e oportere, id <lb/>e&longs;t, proportiones maximarum &longs;phærarum, <lb/>aut conorum maximorum, parabolis par­<lb/>tem non tamen maximam. </s> <s>Velut &longs;i ad mil­<lb/>le pa&longs;&longs;us extendere ignem libeat, circulum <lb/>de&longs;cribemus, cuius dimetiens &longs;it duo millia <lb/>pa&longs;&longs;uum, huius tantam a&longs;&longs;umemus portio­<lb/>nem, vt rotunditas non lateat, partem &longs;ci­<lb/>licet &longs;exage&longs;imam, cui dimetientem pro al­<lb/>titudine in termino vno adiiciemus, & di­<lb/>metiente fixo circumagemus circuli par­<lb/>tem, quæ nobis portionem &longs;phæræ de&longs;cri­<lb/>bet: quam cùm expoliuerimus, ignem Soli <lb/>expo&longs;ita procul & validi&longs;&longs;imum ad pa&longs;&longs;us <lb/>M. accendet, Nunc autem non adeò vtilis, ob <lb/><figure id="fig28"></figure><lb/><figure id="fig29"></figure><lb/>bellicas machinas: olim verò tuti&longs;&longs;ima. </s> <s>Quæ <lb/>verò à parabole procedit, conflagratio <lb/>potentior e&longs;t. </s> <s>Ea autem &longs;ic fit. </s> <s>Sit locus <lb/>qui comburi debet mille pa&longs;&longs;ibus di&longs;tans. <lb/>Facio B K pa&longs;&longs;uum mille, cui rectam co­<lb/>æqualem adiicio K D, ip&longs;i autem B D <lb/>æqualem ad perpendiculum facio A B, & <lb/>ex altera parte B C æqualem B A, & du­<lb/>ctis D A & D C, facio D centrum ba­<lb/>&longs;is coni, & A D axem, nam angulus ADC <lb/>rectus e&longs;t, & circumuoluo AC, vt fiat co­<lb/>nus, & de&longs;cribetur circulus à linea D C <lb/>tanquam &longs;emidiametro pro coni ba&longs;i, hunc <lb/>diuido duabus diametris ad rectos angu­<lb/>los &longs;e &longs;ecantibus C E & F G in centro D. <lb/>Erit etiam vt B punctus circumferentiam <lb/>circuli de&longs;cribat circa conum quæ &longs;it H B. <lb/>Duco igitur à vertice coni rectam ad ex­<lb/>tremitatem vnius diametri ba&longs;is, puta ad <lb/>C, & vbi &longs;ecat circuli peripheriam, vt <lb/>in B, ex illo puncto duco lineas rectas <lb/>ad extremitates alterius diametri B F, & <lb/>B C: &longs;uperficies igitur in qua e&longs;t tri­<lb/>gonus B F C, vbi &longs;ecat &longs;uperficiem co­<lb/>ni, facit duas obliquas lineas B F & B G, <lb/>quas ex chalybe optimo, ne flectantur, fieri <lb/>oportet, a&longs;&longs;umpta tantùm parte, puta BL & <lb/>BM æqualibus quæ &longs;unt latera paraboles. <lb/>Inde a&longs;&longs;umes molem ex gyp&longs;o N maiorem <pb pagenum="426"/>latitudine L B M in vertice, quam &longs;en&longs;im <lb/>cotibus atteres, donec impo&longs;ita parabole <lb/>LBM circumuer&longs;áque vndique tangat, &longs;iné­<lb/>que impedimento circumuertatur. </s> <s>Quod <lb/>cùm effeceris, huic moli vitrum candens <lb/>aptabis, efficié&longs;que parabolem, quæ à tergo <lb/>&longs;upera&longs;per&longs;o plumbo radios omnes à Sole <lb/>æquidi&longs;tantes, qui omnium &longs;unt robu&longs;ti&longs;&longs;i­<lb/>mi, in punctum K, id e&longs;t, pa&longs;&longs;ibus mille <lb/>di&longs;tantem reflectent, comburéntque &longs;tatim. <lb/>Hæc autem ab Archimede planè demon­<lb/>&longs;trata &longs;unt, vt Antonius Gogaua ad nos <lb/>tran&longs;tulit. </s></p><p type="main"> <s><arrow.to.target n="marg363"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg363"></margin.target>Speculum <lb/>quod occul­<lb/>ta reualet.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Verùm po&longs;tquam de &longs;peculis res prodi­<lb/>gio&longs;as narrare aggre&longs;&longs;us &longs;um, &longs;peculi quo <lb/>occulta videamus, compo&longs;itionem docere <lb/>propo&longs;ui. </s> <s>Plana igitur duo &longs;pecula ex cry­<lb/>&longs;tallo factitia, qualia Venetiis fiunt, quia <lb/>non adeò vt chalybea vitiantur, æqualia ad <lb/>vnguem iunge, ita vt alterius longitudini <lb/>reliqui ad amu&longs;&longs;im hæreat, & vt circa axem <lb/>po&longs;&longs;it, velut integumentum circumuolui, <lb/>&longs;ic vt &longs;uperficies vnius cum alterius &longs;uper­<lb/>ficie quandoque vnum planum efficiat: <lb/>quandoque &longs;olidum, rectum, obtu&longs;um acu­<lb/>túmque, vt libuerit. </s> <s>Tunc in&longs;ublimi &longs;pecu­<lb/>lum immobile è directo loci latentis &longs;u&longs;pen­<lb/>des, ita vt &longs;peculi facies plano tuo ad per­<lb/>pendiculum immineat, &longs;peculi autem mobi­<lb/>lis facies longitudinem loco quem de&longs;ide­<lb/>ras oppo&longs;itam habeat, tunc quicquid gere­<lb/>tur in cubiculo illo modò lux ad&longs;it, circum­<lb/>uoluto mobili &longs;peculo, donec æqualem an­<lb/>gulum faciat, quod oculus tibi declarabit, <lb/>dum quod quæris vides, &longs;pectabis omnia. <lb/>Quòd &longs;i locus quem videre de&longs;ideras &longs;ubli­<lb/>mior &longs;it, quàm ille, in quo es, editiore loco <lb/>&longs;u&longs;pende. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Eadem ratione &longs;i velis quod procul fit, <lb/>quinque M. pa&longs;&longs;uum videre, & interiectis <lb/>muris, aut in ho&longs;tili ciuitate, edito loco <lb/>&longs;peculum ad perpendiculum &longs;eu finitori <lb/>æquidi&longs;tans quàm maximum &longs;u&longs;pende, aliud <lb/>verò in manu habens, cuius facies re&longs;pi­<lb/>ciat <emph type="italics"/>(<emph.end type="italics"/> non pror&longs;us &longs;upina, neque ad per­<lb/>pendiculum exqui&longs;itè erecta) &longs;peculum quod <lb/>&longs;uperius colloca&longs;ti, &longs;en&longs;im te è directo pri­<lb/>mi &longs;peculi elongabis, paulatimque ac alter­<lb/>natim, modò dextra, modò &longs;ini&longs;tra infle­<lb/>ctens, donec locum plenè con&longs;picias in <lb/>&longs;peculo tuo, tunc illud vix mouens à &longs;itu, vi­<lb/>debis quæcunque illic aguntur & fiunt: & <lb/>quanquam nullum aliud &longs;it huius rei impe­<lb/>dimentum quàm machinarum ( vt dixi) ig­<lb/>nearum, nihilominus paucis ex v&longs;u e&longs;&longs;e po­<lb/>te&longs;t, quòd res magna tam exigua &longs;pecie ex­<lb/>pre&longs;&longs;a, non ni&longs;i acuti&longs;&longs;imo vi&longs;u deprehendi <lb/>po&longs;&longs;it. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Quòd &longs;i libeat &longs;pectare ea, quæ in via <lb/>fiunt, Sole &longs;plendente in fene&longs;tra orbem è <lb/>vitro collocabis, inde occlu&longs;a fene&longs;tra vide­<lb/>bis imagines per foramen tran&longs;latas in op­<lb/>po&longs;ito plano &longs;ed tum ob&longs;curis coloribus, &longs;ub­<lb/>iicies igitur candidi&longs;&longs;imam chartam eo loco <lb/>quo imagines vides, & intentam rem mira </s></p><p type="main"> <s><arrow.to.target n="marg364"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ratione a&longs;&longs;equêris. </s> <s>Duplices facies & qua­<lb/>ternos oculos, & ternos, & teip&longs;um mono­<lb/>culum, & auer&longs;am effigiem, atque alia mira <lb/>innumera cauum &longs;peculum o&longs;tendet, non <lb/>&longs;olùm &longs;phæricum, &longs;ed & conicum ac cylin­<lb/>dricum. </s> <s>Hoc tamen vltimum longè etiam <lb/>maiora repræ&longs;entabit, velut quaternas fa­<lb/>cies, oblongam etiam atque &longs;tricti&longs;&longs;imam, <lb/>& modò perbreuem atque lati&longs;&longs;imam. </s> <s>Quid <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg365"></arrow.to.target><lb/>tandem? </s> <s>omnia fermè præterquam veram, <lb/>more hominum huius ætatis, qui omnia <lb/>nouerunt magis quàm benefacere, aut vera <lb/>dicere. </s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg364"></margin.target>Modus vi­<lb/>dendi loca <lb/>cum &longs;uis co­<lb/>loribus oc­<lb/>culta.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg365"></margin.target>Specula va­<lb/>rias res re­<lb/>præ&longs;entan­<lb/>tia.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Sunt & &longs;pecula quæ multas facies o&longs;ten­<lb/>dunt, vt quæ è planis multis con&longs;tant. </s> <s>Sed <lb/>hæc noti&longs;&longs;ima: illa admiratione digna, quæ <lb/>vnica &longs;uperficie plures reddunt imagines. <lb/>Erat mihi &longs;peculum quadratum è vitro pla­<lb/>num, quod vtramque aurem geminatam re­<lb/>ferebat, qua&longs;i &longs;ecunda primæ e&longs;&longs;et imago: <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg366"></arrow.to.target><lb/>erat & remotior. </s> <s>Id effecit vt crederem, &longs;pe­<lb/>culum fui&longs;&longs;e in Hi&longs;pania, & ip&longs;um planum <lb/>quod duplicem referret imaginem faciei al­<lb/>teram atque propinquiorem &longs;imillimam ve­<lb/>ræ, reliquam qua&longs;i mortui: nam eadem ra­<lb/>tio in vtri&longs;que. </s> <s>Demon&longs;tremus autem cau­<lb/>&longs;am huius, vt rem &longs;ciamus, & conficere do­<lb/>ceamus. </s> <s>Nam qui vident talia, perterren­<lb/>tur non &longs;olùm miraculo rei, &longs;ed etiam ima­<lb/>gine ip&longs;a. </s> <s>Nam & aures illæ po&longs;teriores pal­<lb/>lidæ admodum videbantur. </s> <s>Quia igitur pal­<lb/>lidiores hæ figuræ & minus efficaces ac <lb/>con&longs;picuæ, ac &longs;imiles primis imaginibus, <lb/>manife&longs;tum e&longs;t quòd velut in iride duplici, <lb/>po&longs;terior ex priore fit. </s> <s>Sed ex quo reflexio? <lb/>Videtur etiam non &longs;emper duplex iris, nec <lb/>ni&longs;i in paucis &longs;peculis duplices imagines. </s> <s>Sit <lb/>igitur oculus A, quod videtur B, &longs;peculum <lb/>C, conuer&longs;us ad angulos æquales in C pun­<lb/>cto, concur&longs;us cum recta ex B ad perpen­<lb/>diculum &longs;upra &longs;peculum in D, vbi videbi­<lb/>tur & B. </s> <s>Cùm igitur inclinantur B & A <lb/><figure id="fig30"></figure><lb/>valde, quia ABC parum di&longs;tat à &longs;peculi &longs;u­<lb/>perficie, refrangitur ex C, quia non ad vn­<lb/>guem planum e&longs;t &longs;peculum, in E. </s> <s>Altius igi­<lb/>tur E quàm C, igitur F videbitur &longs;upra D. <lb/>Quòd verò altius videtur & &longs;ub æquali an­<lb/>gulo, etiam longius e&longs;&longs;e exi&longs;timatur: quare <lb/>F po&longs;t D etiam e&longs;&longs;e videtur. </s> <s>Id verò Scaliger <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg367"></arrow.to.target><lb/>fieri po&longs;&longs;e affirmat, &longs;i &longs;plendido &longs;peculo, è <lb/>chalybe clari&longs;&longs;imum vitrum &longs;uperinducatur <lb/>vt ex eodem opaco, gemina fiat reflexio: at­<lb/>que ideò etiam gemina imago, vt de duplici <lb/>vmbra diximus. </s> <s>Verùm &longs;uperficiem à &longs;uper­<lb/>ficie &longs;eparatam oportet inclinari. </s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg366"></margin.target>Specula pla­<lb/>na plures <lb/><expan abbr="repræ&longs;entã-tia">repræ&longs;entan­<lb/>tia</expan> imagi­<lb/>nes.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg367"></margin.target>Specula <lb/>imagines mi­<lb/>ro modo in <lb/>aëre repræ­<lb/>&longs;entantia.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Sunt & alia quæ ignem accendunt, quòd <lb/>è multis con&longs;tent circulis, ac denique com­<lb/>po&longs;itorum infinita mon&longs;tra, quæ referre e&longs;t <lb/>&longs;uperuacuum, illa nunc o&longs;tendamus, quæ <lb/>in aëre imagines repræ&longs;entant. </s> <s>Superius <lb/>caua retulimus, &longs;unt & conuexa &longs;phærica, <pb pagenum="427"/>&longs;ed exqui&longs;iti&longs;&longs;ima cylyndrica connexa. </s> <s>Con­<lb/>&longs;eruatur rima fene&longs;træ è directo alicuius ta­<lb/>bulæ pictæ, &longs;ic vt è loco quopiam cubiculi <lb/>per rimam po&longs;&longs;it in&longs;pici, eo verò in loco cy­<lb/>lindricum &longs;peculum conuexum &longs;tatuatur &longs;u­<lb/>per tripodem ad planum perpendiculare: in­<lb/>de oculum &longs;ic colloca, vt è &longs;peculo videre <lb/>po&longs;&longs;is tabulam quam extrà po&longs;ui&longs;ti: eam <lb/>igitur imaginem vt in aere pendentem <lb/>videbis inter &longs;peculum atque fene&longs;træ ri­<lb/>mam. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Quod ad formam autem attinet: caua ma­<lb/>iores o&longs;tendunt rerum imagines, rotunda <lb/>multò minore, plana æqualia paulò, iuxta <lb/>verò magnitudinem & &longs;itum magna maio­<lb/>res, & prope parua autem procul. </s> <s>Ergo ro­<lb/>tunda prope &longs;imilia &longs;unt paruis planis, quo­<lb/>niam reflexio exigua ex portione in eis fit. <lb/>Concur&longs;us etiam radiorum cum ea, quæ ad <lb/>centrum tendit propinquior e&longs;t, quapropter <lb/>ba&longs;is minor. </s> <s>Procul ergo grande&longs;cunt, etiam <lb/>vltra ip&longs;ius rei vi&longs;æ magnitudinem. </s> <s>Simili­<lb/>ter & ob rei &longs;itum obliquum &longs;peculi com­<lb/>paratione, vt in &longs;ecundo optices pater meus <lb/>adnotauit. <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg368"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg368"></margin.target><expan abbr="&longs;peculũ">&longs;peculum</expan> quod <lb/>repræ&longs;entat <lb/>bomines vo­<lb/>lantes.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Quòd &longs;i homines volantes videri in &longs;pe­<lb/>culo libeat, vt volare videantur, quatuor &longs;unt <lb/>nece&longs;&longs;aria, vt moueantur, vt brachia agitent: <lb/>hæc duo præ&longs;tabit homo, quem volantem <lb/>videre de&longs;ideras, &longs;eu ip&longs;ius fueris, &longs;eu alij <lb/>&longs;int, quanquam & motum a&longs;&longs;imilare po&longs;&longs;is <lb/>&longs;peculi motu, &longs;ed non leue e&longs;t hoc incommo­<lb/>dum. </s> <s>Tertium e&longs;t, vt in &longs;ublimi pendeat, ne <lb/>terræ hærere videantur: quartum, vt pedes <lb/>velut in volantibus auibus cum capite & <lb/>brachiis æquidi&longs;tent pauimento: hæc igi­<lb/>tur duo &longs;peculum præ&longs;tabit pulcherrimè. <lb/>Duo igitur tigna æqualia ad angulum re­<lb/>ctum iuncta, vt rectus angulus in &longs;ublimi <lb/>&longs;it, ac leuia, modum gnominis compones: <lb/>iuxta angulum intus duo magna &longs;pecula pla­<lb/>na ex aduer&longs;o æquali altitudine con&longs;titues, <lb/>quæ pendula e&longs;&longs;e &longs;atis intelligis. </s> <s>Cùm ita­<lb/>que ab his tantùm ab&longs;cedis, vt in altero cal­<lb/>caneum ad vnguem a&longs;&longs;equaris, ex motu &longs;e­<lb/>cundum rectam lineam, & brachiorum ia­<lb/>ctatione, volantem in&longs;picere videberis. </s></p><p type="main"> <s><arrow.to.target n="marg369"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg369"></margin.target>Vt imaginem <lb/>tuam &longs;imul <lb/>accedentem <lb/>& receden­<lb/>tem videas.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Ei&longs;dem rationibus quas diximus, &longs;i &longs;pecu­<lb/>la duo &longs;e contangentia, atque in vna &longs;uper­<lb/>ficie plana, ita collocaueris, vt altero ad te <lb/>accedente, reliquam ab&longs;cedat: quod fiet &longs;i &longs;u­<lb/>per ttabe rectè, & ad perpendiculum collo­<lb/>catis, vinculum quod inuolutum &longs;it &longs;en&longs;im <lb/>explicetur: videbis imaginem tuam acceden­<lb/>tem in altero, in reliquo retrocedentem. </s></p><p type="main"> <s><arrow.to.target n="marg370"></arrow.to.target><lb/>Quòd &longs;i dor&longs;um tuum videre velis, &longs;peculis <lb/>duobus plane id commodè a&longs;&longs;equêris, quæ <lb/>quantò maiori fuerint, eò erunt etiam me­<lb/>liora. </s> <s>Primùm retrò collocabis medio &longs;itu <lb/>inter &longs;upinum & erectum, alterum, &longs;ublimio­<lb/>re loco quàm tu &longs;is, medio &longs;itu inter pronum <lb/>& erectum ante oculos tuos, optiméque <lb/>quæcunque in tergo habes videre poteris. <lb/>Memineris etiam &longs;i (gratia exempli annu­<lb/>lum ex aduer&longs;o &longs;peculo collocaueris, annu­<lb/>lus verò & ip&longs;e &longs;peculum &longs;it, velut inclu&longs;o <lb/>&longs;aphiro, videbis in &longs;peculo imaginem annu­<lb/>li, in cuius gemma imago tua apparebit: hoc <lb/>autem ex multiplici reflectione continget. <lb/>Idem in duobus continget &longs;peculis, & mul­<lb/>tò maiore miraculo in tribus. </s> <s>At &longs;i profun­<lb/>da ob&longs;curáque, vt vterum, gulam, cubiculum <lb/>tenebro&longs;um videre propo&longs;itum &longs;it, ampho­<lb/>ram magnam aqua plenam vitream colloca <lb/>è directo loci, & lumen po&longs;t amphoram, vt <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg371"></arrow.to.target><lb/>amphora media &longs;it in recta linea inter lu­<lb/>men ac locum quem videre de&longs;ideras: inde <lb/>omni alio &longs;ublato lumine, oculum tuum col­<lb/>loca vbi amphoræ lumen non impedias, lo­<lb/>cum tamen in&longs;picere po&longs;&longs;is, videbí&longs;que cun­<lb/>cta vt in luce clara. </s> <s>Quòd &longs;i &longs;ub fa&longs;tigio do­<lb/>mus loca tuto illuminare velis, nec à parie­<lb/>tibus excipere lumen ip&longs;um liceat, implu­<lb/><figure id="fig31"></figure><lb/>uium in tecto è regione oculi con&longs;titue, & <lb/>locum clatrata obducito, tectúmque ip&longs;um <lb/>accliue v&longs;que ad medium tegminis impluuij <lb/>deducito: ita neque fur, neque imber ingre­<lb/>di poterit. </s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg370"></margin.target>Quomodo <lb/>dor&longs;um tuum <lb/>&longs;pectare po&longs;­<lb/>&longs;is.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg371"></margin.target>Quæ contin­<lb/>gant ex duo­<lb/>bus &longs;peculis. <lb/>Quomodo <lb/>v<gap/><expan abbr="erũ">erum</expan> & gu­<lb/>lam vide­<lb/>mus.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Sunt & qui &longs;pecula finxerunt tot facies <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg372"></arrow.to.target><lb/>quot horæ diei &longs;unt o&longs;tendentia, cuius rei <lb/>te&longs;tis e&longs;t Ptolemæus. </s> <s>Sed & pars imaginis <lb/>partem cuiu&longs;que horæ declarabat. </s> <s>Sit igitur <lb/>quadrilaterum, rectangulum, tertia parte <lb/>longius quàm latum, diui&longs;um autem in duo­<lb/>decim quadrata æqualia ABCDEFGHK <lb/>LM & N: con&longs;tituatur <lb/>&longs;peculum iuxta eandem <lb/>rationem diui&longs;um toti­<lb/>dem interuallis, atque <lb/>&longs;uper eo velamen altius <lb/>in A quàm B, & in B <lb/>quàm C, & in C quam <lb/>D, ita vt D &longs;peculum <lb/>tangat. </s> <s>Eadem &longs;it pro­<lb/>portio E ad F, & K ad L, <lb/><figure id="fig32"></figure><lb/>quæ A ad B, & F ad G, & L ad M, quæ B ad <lb/>C, atque G ad H, & M ad N, quæ e&longs;t C ad <lb/>D. </s> <s>Sint verò velaminis partes ita di&longs;tinctæ, <lb/>vt altiores po&longs;&longs;int &longs;en&longs;im transferri &longs;uper <lb/>humiliores, ita vt primò ex A in B, inde <lb/>vtraque velaminis pars ex B in C, inde par­<lb/>tes omnes in D: quò fit vt cùm grauius fiat <lb/>pondus, eò breuiore rota circumferatur, vt <lb/>tempora tran&longs;lationum fiant æqualia. </s> <s>Ad­<lb/>dantur igitur horologiorum rotæ &longs;ingulis <lb/>tetramorphis, vt &longs;int tres rotæ, atque in &longs;in­<lb/>gulis di&longs;crimina æquationum, velut in Pla­<lb/>netis, vt motus &longs;it eò velocior propter ro­<lb/>tam breuiorem, quò pondus magis augetur: <lb/>ita fiet vt cùm po&longs;t primam tetramorphim <lb/>&longs;ecunda, inde tertia detegatur, atque in &longs;in­<lb/>gulis facies &longs;ingulæ, vt pro horarum nume­<lb/>ro ac partium, facies ac partes facierum in <lb/>&longs;peculo videantur. </s> <s>Hæc autem omnia facilè <lb/>in horologiis horarum inæqualium, quibus <lb/>Romani vtebantur, per&longs;piciuntur. </s> <s>Cùm <lb/>enim rota quæ voluitur, axem habuerit &longs;u­<lb/>per quo mouetur extra centrum eius, tanto <lb/>celerius mouebitur in parte propinqua axi, <lb/>quò axis ab eadem parte à centro rotæ ma­<lb/>gis remouebitur. <pb pagenum="428"/><arrow.to.target n="marg373"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg372"></margin.target><expan abbr="Speculũ">Speculum</expan> nu­<lb/>mero <expan abbr="facierũ">facierum</expan> <lb/>horas o&longs;ten­<lb/>dens.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg373"></margin.target>De cry&longs;talli­<lb/>no pri&longs;mate <lb/>mira.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Cry&longs;talli pri&longs;ma verò, multas &longs;peculorum <lb/>vires habet, vt quod multas formas referat, <lb/>tum etiam auer&longs;as capitibus in imo & pe­<lb/>dibus &longs;uprà, vt caua &longs;pecula, & tum mono­<lb/>culos, & quatuor oculis. </s> <s>In eo etiam colores, <lb/>maximè dum aduer&longs;us Solem &longs;ecundum lon­<lb/>gitudinem collocatur, pulcherrimos & ini­<lb/>mitabiles apparent: verùm oculis applica­<lb/>tum, tum maximè vbi arbores &longs;int & prata, <lb/>pulchritudinem cœle&longs;tem refert, coronas, <lb/>irides, tapeta vbique &longs;par&longs;a, colores &longs;plen­<lb/>didi&longs;&longs;imos, ro&longs;eos, candidos, virides, puni­<lb/>ceos, cœruleos, aureos, mi&longs;tó&longs;que omnes, ac <lb/>grati&longs;&longs;imi a&longs;pectus: aliam in &longs;ublimi atque <lb/>auer&longs;am effigiem rerum o&longs;tendit, qua&longs;i pla­<lb/>nis in montes a&longs;&longs;urgentibus. </s> <s>Finitorem <lb/>etiam, ac regiones fingit, cùm di&longs;tantia ma­<lb/>xima atque iucundi vi&longs;us, vt illum non labe­<lb/>factet, &longs;ed recreet. </s> <s>Oportet autem ma­<lb/>gnum e&longs;&longs;e pri&longs;ma, puri&longs;&longs;imúmque cry­<lb/>&longs;tallum. </s></p><p type="main"> <s><arrow.to.target n="marg374"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg374"></margin.target>Cur vna res <lb/>duæ <expan abbr="videã-tur">videan­<lb/>tur</expan>.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>At verò vt iam &longs;peculis relictis & cry­<lb/>&longs;tallo, &longs;inceri vi&longs;us aliquas fal&longs;as imagines <lb/>referam, &longs;cilicet quomodo res vna duæ vi­<lb/>deri po&longs;&longs;int, tempus e&longs;&longs;e videtur. </s> <s>Contingit <lb/>autem hoc, quia vi&longs;us &longs;ic rectè videt, vt ra­<lb/>dij in pupillam cadant orthogonij, &longs;eu dicas <lb/>perpendiculares, & qua&longs;i rectà in coniun­<lb/>ctionem neruorum ferantur. </s> <s>Cùm igitur <lb/>obliquantur oculi, vt nerui &longs;ur&longs;um ac deor­<lb/>&longs;um deprimantur, vna res duæ videbuntur. <lb/>Et generaliter quæcunque loco, forma, ma­<lb/>gnitudine, aut colore di&longs;tincta videbuntur, <lb/>duo apparebunt, et&longs;i &longs;it vnum. </s> <s>Hoc autem <lb/>contingit, &longs;eu loco alter oculorum dimouea­<lb/>tur, &longs;eu diuer&longs;is mediis videamus: velut &longs;i <lb/>oculorum alteri con&longs;picilium obiiciatur, re­<lb/>liquo per purum vidente aërem: vel &longs;i res in <lb/>aqua partim &longs;it, partim in aëre, nam fracta <lb/>vel duæ iudicantur: vel &longs;i inter oculos me­<lb/>dium &longs;it obiectum, quod rem vnam videri <lb/>prohibeat, quæ &longs;i vel non rectè ad oculorum <lb/>po&longs;ita &longs;it, &longs;itum qua&longs;i illis æquidi&longs;tans, aut <lb/>colores varios o&longs;tendat, tunc vna res duæ e&longs;&longs;e </s></p><p type="main"> <s><arrow.to.target n="marg375"></arrow.to.target><lb/>firmius exi&longs;timabuntur. </s> <s>Quædam enim res <lb/>propè oculum nihil impediunt, quoniam <lb/>minores &longs;unt di&longs;tantia oculorum: procul & <lb/>propè rem vi&longs;am eam tegunt. </s> <s>Rur&longs;us aliæ <lb/>oculis proximæ impediunt, procul autem <lb/>parum: quia angulus qui ex eis fit, ob di&longs;tan­<lb/>tiam iuxta oculum coangu&longs;tatur. </s> <s>Situs au­<lb/>tem, mutatio non &longs;olùm in oculis, &longs;ed in di­<lb/>gitis, nec &longs;olum in vi&longs;u &longs;ed in tactu, duo pro <lb/>vno o&longs;tendendo fallere &longs;olet. </s> <s>Indice enim ac <lb/>medio &longs;e inuicem &longs;uperequitantibus &longs;phæ­<lb/>rula in vola &longs;ubiecta, pro duobus iudicat, <lb/>adeò vt nonnulli pignore depo&longs;ito certa­<lb/>uerint. <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg376"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg375"></margin.target>Diuer&longs;itas <lb/><expan abbr="impedientiũ">impedientium</expan> <lb/>vi&longs;um.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg376"></margin.target>Ratio &longs;olida <lb/>in plano pin­<lb/>gendi.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Verùm & eadem ratione quæ in plano <lb/>pinguntur, &longs;olida apparent. </s> <s>Hoc autem ma­<lb/>ximè duabus ex cau&longs;is: altera e&longs;t vmbra, à <lb/>quo oculus iudicium illud refert: Si vmbra, <lb/>igitur vmbro&longs;um & &longs;olidum corpus. </s> <s>Adeò <lb/>enim &longs;en&longs;us a&longs;&longs;ueuêre iudicio ex diuturno <lb/>v&longs;u contracto, vt referant in in&longs;ulis nuper <lb/>repertis, nec habitatis vnquam aliàs, aues <lb/>non refugientes, capi manibus. </s> <s>Altera e&longs;t <lb/>vt con&longs;ideres quæ pars corporis videatur, <lb/>velut in cubo &longs;uprema anterior, dextra aut <lb/>&longs;ini&longs;tra: latent reliquæ &longs;uperficies: inde vm­<lb/>bram ad lumen quod ante te finges ad alti­<lb/>tudinem dimidij recti collocabis, corpus au­<lb/>tem pro lineis, quæ ab oculo ad cubum &longs;u­<lb/>per planum extenduntur. </s> <s>Potes & ab angulo <lb/>intuitum con&longs;tituere, & lumen à latere. </s> <s>Rur­<lb/>&longs;us alia ratio e&longs;t tabulæ, quæ in pariete pen­<lb/>det, alia eius quæ &longs;ub oculis ac manibus fi­<lb/>nitori æquidi&longs;tans iacet: verùm in omnibus <lb/>hoc commune e&longs;t, vt rem ip&longs;am con&longs;tituas <lb/>eodem loco, & angulos ac puncta eadem in <lb/>plano, ad oculos, & ad lumen exprimas, vt <lb/>terminos rei vi&longs;æ. </s> <s>Cùm enim anguli fuerint <lb/>æquales, & coloribus, ac vmbris adiuuantur, <lb/>vt eadem corpora referant nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t. </s> <s>Idem </s></p><p type="main"> <s><arrow.to.target n="marg377"></arrow.to.target><lb/>enim idem refert, & &longs;imile &longs;imile. </s> <s>Memento <lb/>tamen vt locum vi&longs;us æqualis ob&longs;erues, is <lb/>e&longs;t humanæ figuræ caput, cùm homo in ta­<lb/>bella pictus fuerit: quæcunque enim infra <lb/>illud videbuntur, humilia: quæcunque &longs;uprà, <lb/>&longs;ublimia, non &longs;ecus quàm &longs;i verè tali in &longs;itu <lb/>forent, oculus iudicabit. </s> <s>Igitur vt &longs;olida re­<lb/>feras, &longs;unt hæc quatuor ab&longs;oluenda: forma <lb/>rei ex radiis oculorum &longs;umpta, vmbra ex ra­<lb/>diis lucis, colos qui non alius e&longs;&longs;e debet quàm <lb/>eius corporis &longs;ub ea luce, & &longs;ub eo &longs;itu col­<lb/>locati: ac demum &longs;itus in tabella, ad hominis <lb/>depicti rationem, cuius vertex in directo &longs;it <lb/>tuorum oculorum, &longs;tatuendus e&longs;t. </s> <s>Quid enim <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg378"></arrow.to.target><lb/>aliud e&longs;t pictura, quàm imitatio affectuum <lb/>quæ &longs;unt in corporibus, ad luminis compa­<lb/>rationem ex &longs;olo plano? </s> <s>Nam et&longs;i animi <lb/>etiam di&longs;po&longs;itione ex pictura liceat conie­<lb/>ctari, non tamen aliter quàm vt per corpo­<lb/>reos affectus exprimuntur: Dixi ad luminis <lb/>comparationem: vnde alia erit natantis fa­<lb/>cies, alia eius qui e&longs;t &longs;ub radiis Solis, alia ve­<lb/>rò noctis quadam ob&longs;curitate, alia &longs;ub lu­<lb/>mine Lunæ, alia candelæ con&longs;tituti, ob id de­<lb/>cet admota lucerna experiri. </s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg377"></margin.target>Ratio men­<lb/>&longs;urarum in <lb/>picturis.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg378"></margin.target>Pictura <lb/>quid.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Quid miraris de lumine? </s> <s>cùm quædam <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg379"></arrow.to.target><lb/>procul videantur, quæ propè latent: vt in <lb/>mar&longs;upio meo chalybeo di&longs;tincta quadratis <lb/>figura nigris lineis à longè videtur, aliàs in­<lb/>ui&longs;a. </s> <s>Sic & &longs;tellæ noctæ videntur, quæ die <lb/>latent: vnde etiam reticulo adiuuant opus. <lb/>In paruo enim &longs;patio error vel minimus la­<lb/>tere non pote&longs;t, & ad rectitudinem ma­<lb/>nuum artificis dirigit. </s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg379"></margin.target>Quædam me­<lb/>lius à longè <lb/>videntur <lb/>quam propè. <lb/>Auxilium ad <lb/>rectè pingen­<lb/>dum. <lb/>Speculo pi­<lb/>cturæ pro<gap/>­<lb/>dæ.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Eadem fermè ratione &longs;peculo picturæ <lb/>probandæ &longs;unt. </s> <s>Nam &longs;peculum cùm euer&longs;as <lb/>res o&longs;tendat, multa quæ iam latuerant dete­<lb/>git. </s> <s>Vt enim ordo multa ab&longs;condis, vnde <lb/>gemmarij margaritas certo ordine collocant, <lb/>in medio maculatas con&longs;tituentes, ac pul­<lb/>cherrimas in extremis terminis, ac &longs;en&longs;im <lb/>à pulcherrimis ad turpiores de&longs;cendunt, ne <lb/>comparationes turpes agno&longs;cantur: qua&longs;dam <lb/>interdum vitiorum mutatione gratiam reti­<lb/>nentes, iuxta ponunt: ita contraria ratione <lb/>&longs;peculum detegit mendas, conuer&longs;o ordine <lb/>priore ob quem placebat pictura. </s> <s>Ita &longs;peculo <lb/>quod omnia contrario ordine ac præpo&longs;te­<lb/>ro o&longs;tendat, literas contrario ordine &longs;criptas, <lb/>rectè illas eo repræ&longs;entante legibus. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Cæterùm vt ad picturam reuertar, nec <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg380"></arrow.to.target><lb/>obiter colores &longs;unt di&longs;ponendi, &longs;ed inter cla­<lb/>ros ob&longs;curi, inter ob&longs;curos clari &longs;edem &longs;i <lb/>habeant, decorem & ornamentum picturæ <lb/>adducunt. </s> <s>Ergo rubens inter cæruleum & <lb/>viridem, candidus inter cinereum & cro-<pb pagenum="429"/><arrow.to.target n="marg381"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ceum interponendus erit. </s> <s>Sed cauendum e&longs;t, <lb/>ne candido multum in picturis vtaris: e&longs;t <lb/>enim velut illarum venenum: nam &longs;plendo­<lb/>re &longs;ua venu&longs;tatem primò, ac grauitatem <lb/>quandam ab artis opere aufert, colores de­<lb/>inde reliquos ob&longs;curat, & vmbras rerum <lb/>vitiat. <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg382"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg380"></margin.target>Ordo colorum <lb/>&longs;ibi con­<lb/>gruentium.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg381"></margin.target>Candidus <lb/>color <expan abbr="venenũ">venenum</expan> <lb/>picturis.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg382"></margin.target>Colorum no­<lb/>mina.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Sed po&longs;tquam in colorum mentionem in­<lb/>cidimus, de illorum generatione ac nomini­<lb/>bus tum &longs;peciebus dicendum e&longs;t: &longs;ed quia <lb/>res tractare difficile e&longs;t, non intellectis no­<lb/>minibus, nomina illorum prius exponenda <lb/>erunt, non equidem nunc antiquorum ex <lb/>opinione, &longs;ed ita vt quæ tractantur intelli­<lb/>gantur. </s> <s>Velle enim nunc in tanta illorum <lb/>confu&longs;ione de colorum nominibus tractare <lb/>iuxta antiquorum &longs;ententiam, res e&longs;t præter <lb/>id quòd difficillima & immen&longs;i negotij, ex­<lb/>tra propo&longs;itum no&longs;trum. </s> <s>Rem igitur hanc <lb/>tamet&longs;i nouo, non tamen inutili exemplo <lb/>aggrediemur. </s> <s>Ergo quomodo de coloribus <lb/>agendum &longs;it, à manife&longs;ti&longs;&longs;imis &longs;umens ini­</s></p><p type="main"> <s><arrow.to.target n="marg383"></arrow.to.target><lb/>tium, nunc docebo. </s> <s>Niueus color qualis &longs;yn­<lb/>ceræ niui in cumulum congregatæ, candore <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg384"></arrow.to.target><lb/>eximio, ac &longs;plendore non leui. </s> <s>Candidus in <lb/>calce e&longs;t, colore niue non inferior, fed &longs;plen­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg385"></arrow.to.target><lb/>dore. </s> <s>Lacteus in lacte, candore minore, <lb/>&longs;plendore fermè nullo: nam nullus candor <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg386"></arrow.to.target><lb/><expan abbr="ab&longs;q;">ab&longs;que</expan> &longs;plendore. </s> <s>Hi tres, albi nomine intelli­<lb/>guntur. </s> <s>Huic niger è directo opponitur. </s> <s>Hic <lb/>talis e&longs;t, qualis in carbonibus qui tamen ex <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg387"></arrow.to.target><lb/>eo &longs;plendet. </s> <s>Prannius à gemma quæ talis vo­<lb/>catur. </s> <s>Argenteus ab argento dictus, multum <lb/>habet &longs;plendoris, candoris parum. </s> <s>Plumbeus <lb/>verò minus candido eximius: nam ob&longs;curior <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg388"></arrow.to.target><lb/>e&longs;t, & minus habet lucis. </s> <s>Aqueus aquæ &longs;i­<lb/>millimus, non quidem maris, &longs;ed fontium <lb/>atque fluminum: &longs;plendoris habet multum, <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg389"></arrow.to.target><lb/>candoris parum: è directo contrarius cine­<lb/>reo, qui colos e&longs;t cinis, in quo candoris plus, <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg390"></arrow.to.target><lb/>lucis fermè nihil. </s> <s>Plumbeo proximus liuidus, <lb/>qualis e&longs;t ad vnguem caro puerorum, qui lo­<lb/>ris vapularunt: e&longs;t enim veluti plumbeus <lb/>ab&longs;que &longs;plendore vllo, cùm &longs;anguis accurrit, <lb/>nec exit, &longs;ed &longs;ub cute colligitur. </s> <s>Palearis, <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg391"></arrow.to.target><lb/>qualis tritici paleæ. </s> <s>Splendidior &longs;olùm e&longs;t <lb/>colos vrinæ bene valentium corporum. <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg392"></arrow.to.target><lb/>Flauus, qualis maturis a&longs;tris. </s> <s>Aureus parum <lb/>differt à flauo, e&longs;t tamen longè &longs;plendidior. <lb/>Inde luteus, qualis ouorum vitellis, quæ lu­<lb/>tea etiam &longs;olemus vocare. </s> <s>Splendidior e&longs;t eo <lb/>croceus, ac paulò rubicondior. </s> <s>Quo flam­<lb/>meus à flamma dictus, vt à croco croceus, <lb/>longè clarior e&longs;t. </s> <s>E&longs;t purperæ no&longs;træ color <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg393"></arrow.to.target><lb/>purpureus, rubeo clarior. </s> <s>Nam rubro etiam <lb/>&longs;ubrubens proximus e&longs;t. </s> <s>Hic qualis vino ru­<lb/>benti clariori. </s> <s>Manife&longs;tum e&longs;t autem, quòd <lb/>paulò dilutior & clarior aliquantò &longs;anguinis <lb/>venalis colore, qui propriè Rubens mere­<lb/>tur apellari. </s> <s>Ex albo, rubróque mi&longs;tis ro&longs;eus <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg394"></arrow.to.target><lb/>componitur, qui in <gap/>o&longs;is, tum pueris ac puel­<lb/>lis efflore&longs;cit, ac etiam inter reliqua in cera­<lb/>&longs;iis fructibus. </s> <s>Vino&longs;us qualis amethy&longs;to gem­<lb/>mæ, non à vino dictus, &longs;ed ab acinis vuarum <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg395"></arrow.to.target><lb/>originem traxit. </s> <s>Rubens pallidior, qualis <lb/>floribus mali punici, puniceus vocatur. </s> <s>Viri­<lb/>dis, qualis in pratis veris tempore antequam <lb/>floreant: atque &longs;matagdus gemma hunc, <lb/>cùm nobilis fuerit, pulcherrimè exprimit. <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg396"></arrow.to.target><lb/>Citreus, à citro &longs;eu malo medico non valde <lb/>maturo, ex viridi, & palear<gap/> intermi&longs;tus. <lb/>Pra&longs;&longs;ius, à pra&longs;&longs;io, quod marrubium vocant, <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg397"></arrow.to.target><lb/>deductus, viridi paulò ob&longs;curior. </s> <s>Cui ærugi­<lb/>no&longs;us aduer&longs;atur, tantò viridi clarior, qua­<lb/>lis in ærugine purgata videri &longs;olet. </s> <s>Luridus, <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg398"></arrow.to.target><lb/>venenis ac &longs;erpentibus qua&longs;i peculiaris, ex <lb/>viridi & nigro intermi&longs;tus, addito &longs;plendo­<lb/>re. </s> <s>Po&longs;t hos &longs;unt ob&longs;curiores: Ceruleus, à <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg399"></arrow.to.target><lb/>cera, &longs;imilis tranquillo mari, qui etiam Ve­<lb/>netus &longs;olet appellari. </s> <s>Et cœruleus à cœlo de­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg400"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ductus, qualis in &longs;aphiris electis: vocabimus <lb/>hunc & cœle&longs;tem, & cyaneum. </s> <s>E&longs;t & lapis <lb/>huius nominis quo vtuntur pictores, &longs;apphi­<lb/>ro in totum &longs;imilis, ni&longs;i quòd nec nitet, nec <lb/>e&longs;t per&longs;picuus. </s> <s>Ferrugineus à ferrò, quod ru­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg401"></arrow.to.target><lb/>biginem contraxit. </s> <s>Et pullus: hic terræ quàm <lb/>nuper vomere vertit agricola, &longs;imilis, ferru­<lb/>gineóque ob&longs;curior: neuter autem eorum <lb/>nitet. </s> <s>Melongeneus, qualis ad vnguem car­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg402"></arrow.to.target><lb/>cinomatibus, à fructu herbæ qui eius coloris <lb/>e&longs;t, &longs;ic appellatus. </s> <s>Sunt igitur colores princi­<lb/>pales quatuor, albus, rubens, viridis, & ob&longs;­<lb/>curus. </s> <s>Statuemus autem & &longs;eptem pò&longs;t, iux­<lb/>ta Ari&longs;totelis &longs;ententiam. </s> <s>Sed iam deillo­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg403"></arrow.to.target><lb/>rum cau&longs;is dicendum e&longs;t. </s> <s>Generantur colo­<lb/>res omnes ex tribus: primùm quidem &longs;ub­<lb/>iecta materia: inde luce, &longs;eu potius lumine, <lb/>quod ei mi&longs;cetur, & medio. </s> <s>Nam vi&longs;a per vi­<lb/>ride vitrum, aut in vmbra arborum, viridia <lb/>per&longs;æpè videntur, cùm tamen non &longs;int. </s> <s>Alia <lb/>etiam e&longs;t rei &longs;pecies per aquam aut cry&longs;tal­<lb/>lum vi&longs;a, quàm per aërem. </s> <s>Lumen quoque <lb/>colorem mutat pro &longs;ui magnitudine, vt co­<lb/>lumbæ collo, quod diuer&longs;is coloribus pro lu­<lb/>cis varietate nitet. </s> <s>Res etiam etiam per &longs;e <lb/>&longs;ubiecta colorem à propria mi&longs;tione expo&longs;­<lb/>cit: quoniam neque calx nigra vllam ob lu­<lb/>cem fiet, neque carbones albi. </s> <s>Hoc autem <lb/>qua&longs;i contingit, quoniam potentia aut actu <lb/>lucem quandam retinent. </s> <s>Potentia quidem, <lb/>vt viridis: actu autem, vt niueus. </s> <s>Sunt autem <lb/>colores qui multum luminis retinent, niueus, <lb/>argenteus, aureus, candidus, viridis, puni­<lb/>ceus, purpureus, & vino&longs;us: qui omnes fer­<lb/>mè in ip&longs;a iride, &longs;i rectè eam con&longs;ideremus, <lb/><expan abbr="&longs;pectãtur">&longs;pectantur</expan>. </s> <s>Facilè <expan abbr="aut&etilde;">autem</expan> e&longs;t &longs;ingulos colores, qui <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg404"></arrow.to.target><lb/>multum lucis continent, explorare. </s> <s>Vrceum <lb/>aqua plenum Soli expone, & quotquot ge­<lb/>nerantur colores, omnes hi multum lucis <lb/>continent. </s> <s>Rur&longs;us, qui in rebus nitidis &longs;pe­<lb/>ctantur, vt auro, argento, & aqua, qui colos <lb/>communis etiam e&longs;t cry&longs;tallo, vitro ac &longs;pe­<lb/>culis. </s> <s>Ergo argenteus fit ex cinereo, cùm <lb/>multum lucis exceperit: &longs;icut niueus ex al­<lb/>bo multo lumini mi&longs;to: & puniceus ex ni­<lb/>gro multa luce pleno, vt in pruna. </s> <s>Purpureus, <lb/>cùm album ob&longs;curum radiis mi&longs;cetur Solis, <lb/>velut in aurora. </s> <s>Vino&longs;us è puro, nec diluto <lb/>nigro aëri ac &longs;plendori immi&longs;to. </s> <s>Hic tamen <lb/>inter lucidos colores minus retinet lucis. <lb/>Aureus è flauo multa pura luce referto con­<lb/>&longs;tat. </s> <s>Viridis fit duobus modis, aut humido <lb/>multo &longs;en&longs;im excocto, vt in arborem foliis: <lb/>vel cùm humidum nigrum vlterius coqui­<lb/>tur, vt cùm aquarum &longs;tantium nigra &longs;uper­<lb/>ficies, aut terra &longs;ub impluuiis nigra facta <lb/>vire&longs;cunt. </s> <s>Cùm verò vire&longs;cit aliquid, maio­<lb/>re calore aër & lumen admi&longs;centur. </s> <s>Can­<lb/>didus ex albo fit puro mediocri luce con­<lb/>&longs;per&longs;o. </s> <s>Aqueus ex mediocri luce per&longs;picui-<pb pagenum="430"/>tate: per&longs;picuum autem actu nullo colore <lb/>con&longs;tat. </s> <s>Si ob&longs;curitas quædam aqueo adiun­<lb/>gatur, fit cœle&longs;tis, vel cœruleus color: vt <lb/>in cœlo. </s> <s>Quidam colores luminis videntur <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e experteas, quia in rebus &longs;unt nitore ca­<lb/>rentibus: vt liuidus, ater, & ferrugineus. </s> <s>Ater <lb/>e&longs;t niger, omni &longs;plendore carens, vt atra­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg405"></arrow.to.target><lb/>mentum & carbo. </s> <s>Pramnius (vt dixi) cùm <lb/>&longs;plendet, niger communis e&longs;t illis. </s> <s>E&longs;t colos <lb/>nomine carens, qualis in lacca rubeus ob­<lb/>&longs;curus, hunc lacc<gap/>um vocabis. </s> <s>Quidam co­<lb/>lores lucem modò admittunt, modò non ha­<lb/>bent, vt cœruleus & pra&longs;&longs;ius. </s> <s>Albus fit, cùm <lb/>humida exare&longs;cunt, vt folia: vel &longs;i &longs;itum <lb/>contrahant, vt panes, & pili in &longs;enibus, & <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg406"></arrow.to.target><lb/>in morbis, & generaliter in debilibus. </s> <s>Nam <lb/>& capræ, & boues hoc colore habentur vi­<lb/>liores atque imbecilliores nigris aut ferru­<lb/>gineis. </s> <s>Canities enim fit, cùm humidum <lb/>putre&longs;cit, & ob putredinem rare&longs;cit, & ob <lb/>raritatem aër ingreditur. </s> <s>Declarauimus au­<lb/>tem &longs;uprà, putredinem non fieri in &longs;itu per­<lb/>fectam, &longs;ed quòd à frigido moderetur. </s> <s>Fiunt <lb/>& alba à &longs;icco nimio, vt in calce, o&longs;&longs;ibú&longs;que <lb/>combu&longs;tis. </s> <s>Quædam etiam alba fiunt humi­<lb/>do non concocto, vt o&longs;&longs;a & radices. </s> <s>Item <lb/>medullæ quædam, vt &longs;pinæ, & cerebrum, & <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg407"></arrow.to.target><lb/>o&longs;&longs;a. </s> <s>Niger fit adu&longs;tione aërei, vel terrei hu­<lb/>midi: aërei quidem, vt atramentum pro <lb/>typis, quod fiat fumo olei &longs;eminis lini: tum <lb/>verò carbones & fuligo, terrei. </s> <s>Fit & nigrum <lb/>exclu&longs;o omni aëre ob terram & aquam mi­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg408"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;tam, vt &longs;ub impluuiis vmbro&longs;is. </s> <s>Hæ igitur <lb/>&longs;unt colorum cau&longs;æ, quibus facilè e&longs;t intel­<lb/>ligere, cur animalibus non paucis color pi­<lb/>lorum nigrior &longs;it ab ortu, quàm ætate pro­<lb/>cedente: quoniam calor in vtero magis ef­<lb/>ficax fuerat, & humidum pinguius, quod <lb/>temporis &longs;ucce&longs;&longs;u dilutum e&longs;t aqueo. </s> <s>Indi­<lb/>cio e&longs;t quòd ab ortu, nulli animali fiunt pili <lb/>nigri, inde tempore procedente, rufi aut fla­<lb/>ui. </s> <s>Nos quidem, vt mater retulit, cum capil­<lb/>lis cra&longs;&longs;is ac nigris prælongis nati &longs;umus. <lb/>Sed cur nullis animalibus pili virides, neque <lb/>capilli non etiam purpurei, aut vino&longs;i? </s> <s>Quo­<lb/>niam pilus cùm &longs;it den&longs;a & cra&longs;&longs;a &longs;ub&longs;tan­<lb/>tia minimè lucis e&longs;t capax: hi autem colo­<lb/>res multa luce indigent, vt demon&longs;tratum <lb/>e&longs;t. </s> <s>Fiunt tamen aurei capilli, quia rari & <lb/>flaui &longs;unt, concipiúntque lumen, præ&longs;ertim <lb/>&longs;i &longs;æpius lauentur. </s> <s>At aureus colos fit flauo <lb/>illuminato. </s> <s>Sunt autem colores principales, <lb/>albus, croceus, purpureus, puniceus, viridis, <lb/>cœruleus, niger. </s> <s>Fiunt autem diuer&longs;is ex ma­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg409"></arrow.to.target><lb/>teriis, &longs;ed metallica diuturniora, &longs;æpius <lb/>etiam viuaciora: albus ceru&longs;&longs;a, rubeus cin­<lb/>nabari, cœruleus cyaneo lapide <emph type="italics"/>(<emph.end type="italics"/>lazuli vo­<lb/>cant vulgares) flauus auripigmento, niger <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg410"></arrow.to.target><lb/>terra eius coloris, viridis ærugine. </s> <s>Olim <lb/>purpureus fiebat è &longs;anguine muricis pi&longs;­<lb/>pis. </s> <s>Erat hoc purpuræ genus &longs;plendidum <lb/>valde, & regibus familiare, longéque aliud à <lb/>no&longs;tro, quod cum cocco fit. </s> <s>Virgil. <lb/><emph type="quote"/><emph type="italics"/>Tyrióque ardebat murice læna.<emph.end type="italics"/><emph.end type="quote"/></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg383"></margin.target>Niueus.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg384"></margin.target>Candidus.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg385"></margin.target>Lacteus.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg386"></margin.target>Albus. <lb/>Niger.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg387"></margin.target>Prannius. <lb/>Argenteus. <lb/>Plumbeus.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg388"></margin.target>Aqueus.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg389"></margin.target>Cinereus.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg390"></margin.target>Liuidus.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg391"></margin.target>Palearis.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg392"></margin.target>Flauus. <lb/>Aureus. <lb/>Luteus.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg393"></margin.target>Croceus. <lb/>Flammeus. <lb/>Purpureus. <lb/>Subrubens.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg394"></margin.target>Rubeus. <lb/>Ro&longs;eus. <lb/>Vino&longs;us.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg395"></margin.target>Puniceus. <lb/>Viridis.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg396"></margin.target>Citreus.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg397"></margin.target>Pra&longs;&longs;ius. <lb/>Ærugino&longs;us.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg398"></margin.target>Luridus.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg399"></margin.target>Ceruleus.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg400"></margin.target>Cœruleus.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg401"></margin.target>Ferrugineus. <lb/>Pullus.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg402"></margin.target>Melonge­<lb/>neus.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg403"></margin.target>Colores om­<lb/>nes ex tribus <lb/>con&longs;tant.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg404"></margin.target>Colores mul­<lb/>tum lucis <expan abbr="&longs;e-cũ">&longs;e­<lb/>cum</expan> habentes.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg405"></margin.target>Lace<gap/> co­<lb/>lor.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg406"></margin.target>Canic<gap/>i <lb/>cau&longs;a.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg407"></margin.target>Atramentum <lb/>pro typis.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg408"></margin.target>Cur aliqua <lb/>animalia <lb/>na&longs;cuntur <lb/>cum pilis ni­<lb/>gris quæ æta­<lb/>tis &longs;ucce&longs;&longs;u <lb/>de&longs;inunt e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>nigra. <lb/>Cur nulli <lb/>animali pili <lb/>virides.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg409"></margin.target>Colorum <lb/>materia.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg410"></margin.target>Purpura <lb/>qu<gap/> &longs;it & <lb/>qualis fue­<lb/>rit.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Non totus &longs;anguis huius conchæ ap­<lb/>tior, &longs;ed qui in faucibus tantùm colligeba­<lb/>tur, & à viuente animali: cum vita enim <lb/>&longs;plendor, & gratia &longs;ucco peribat. </s> <s>Concha <lb/>turbinata, intus rubens, exterius qua&longs;i &longs;pi­<lb/>culis &longs;par&longs;im munita, in mucronem de&longs;init. <lb/>Africa cœruleam olim mittebat, Tyrus ru­<lb/>bentem: nunc periit v&longs;us, nec &longs;atis &longs;cio <lb/>cur. </s> <s>Bonum e&longs;&longs;et, &longs;i reuocaretur: precio­<lb/>&longs;ior enim & pulchrior tinctura quam coc­<lb/>cus. </s> <s>At de cocco dicemus in plantarum hi­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg411"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;toria, nunc ad &longs;ermonem de lumine redea­<lb/>mus: illud in dubium vertentes, cur &longs;cili­<lb/>cet cùm ex toto Sole iam radios procedere <lb/>dixerimus, Solémque ip&longs;um terra longè <lb/>maiorem, non vmbræ omnibus rectæ &longs;int, <lb/>& vndique etiam æ&longs;tas &longs;emper? </s> <s>At cau&longs;a <lb/>huius e&longs;t, quòd quanquam radij ad perpen­<lb/>diculum in terram deferantur, vt plana e&longs;t <lb/>(hoc enim confiteri nece&longs;&longs;arium e&longs;t) haud <lb/>tamen in centrum hi radij terræ diriguntur: <lb/>vnde cùm rotunda &longs;it non plana terra, ra­<lb/>dij qui ad nos veniunt ex &longs;itu rerum, quæ <lb/>terræ incumbunt, ad perpendiculum non <lb/>&longs;unt con&longs;tituti: vnde &longs;olùm verticem, qua&longs;i <lb/>ex puncto Sol à parte Boreali tangit, vm­<lb/>bras igitur au&longs;trales efficere non pote&longs;t. <lb/>Facilè i&longs;tud figura effinges, &longs;i duos circu­<lb/>los, alterum minorem, maiorem alterum, <lb/>de&longs;cribas. </s> <s>In minore autem à centro ductis <lb/>lineis, paululum extra circulum ip&longs;um pro­<lb/>feras, quicquid extra fuerit, homines, plan­<lb/>tas, turres & montes exi&longs;tima, videbis quàm <lb/>minimo &longs;patio comprehendatur, quod ex <lb/>vtraque parte radios à maiore circulo exci­<lb/>pere pote&longs;t: ergo &longs;olùm hi, qui per dimi­<lb/>diam partem, id e&longs;t, per &longs;tadia trecenta quin­<lb/>quaginta, quæ Soli è directo &longs;ubiicitur, vm­<lb/>bras habebunt rectas. </s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg411"></margin.target>Cur cum &longs;ol <lb/>&longs;it maior ter <lb/>ra, non <expan abbr="tam&etilde;">tamen</expan> <lb/>radios & <lb/>vmbras re­<lb/>ctas vbique <lb/>mittat.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Dubitabit autem aliquis quoniam par­<lb/>tem Ptolemæus 500. &longs;tadiis definit, alij 700. <lb/>Hoc autem contigit, quoniam Ptolemæus <lb/>iter rectà definiuit, Erato&longs;thenes autem, <lb/>commune. </s> <s>Sed vt ad propo&longs;itum redeam, <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg412"></arrow.to.target><lb/>quæri etiam &longs;olet, cur non vbique æ&longs;tas <lb/>&longs;it, cùm vbique &longs;uper planum terris radij ad <lb/>perpendiculum incidant. </s> <s>At dices, non ad <lb/>perpendiculum &longs;unt: non enim ad cen­<lb/>trum terræ tendunt. </s> <s>At id non &longs;ufficere vi­<lb/>detur, cùm ratio reflexionis ex hoc robur <lb/>(vt o&longs;tendimus) accipiat, quòd radius in &longs;e <lb/>redeat: at magnitudo terræ hoc facit: nam <lb/>& plana &longs;pecula ad perpendiculum refle­<lb/>ctunt, &longs;i &longs;upina in terram ponantur. </s> <s>Verùm <lb/>hoc non e&longs;t, imò aliò radij reflexi tendunt <lb/>ad aduer&longs;am Solis partem. </s> <s>Quomodo igi­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg413"></arrow.to.target><lb/>tur à planis &longs;peculis ad perpendiculum fiet <lb/>reflexio? </s> <s>Cùm &longs;ic Soli fuerit expo&longs;itum, vt <lb/>illius &longs;uperficies &longs;i protracta quantum ve­<lb/>lim intelligatur, &longs;emper æquidi&longs;tet &longs;uper­<lb/>ficiei planæ Solem contingenti in puncto, <lb/>per quam producta ex centro Solis ad &longs;uper­<lb/>ficiem &longs;peculi rectà tran&longs;it. </s> <s>Finge igitur <lb/>ex terræ centro lineas ad illius &longs;uperficiem <lb/>venientes planis orthogonias incumbere, <lb/>intelliges ea plana nihil facere, vt radij <lb/>ex Sole, quamuis maior &longs;it longè terra, in <lb/>ip&longs;a plana &longs;int orthogonij. </s> <s>Cùm igitur ad <lb/>nus Solis radij, no&longs;trámque planitiem ve­<lb/>niant, nec ad perpendiculum centri ratione <lb/>terræ, cùm in terræ centrum non tendant: <lb/>nec velut &longs;uper erectam &longs;peculi &longs;uperficiem, <lb/>cùm planum terræ &longs;it in quod quæ ad per­<lb/>pendiculum ex centro terræ cadat: nec pla­<lb/>num hoc plano Solis æquidi&longs;tare illi po&longs;&longs;it, <lb/>in quod rectà è centro Solis ad <expan abbr="perpendiculũ">perpendiculum</expan> <pb pagenum="431"/>venit, neutro modo etiam ad perpendicu­<lb/>lum ad nos venient: igitur æ&longs;tas non vbi­<lb/>que erit. <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg414"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg412"></margin.target>Curnon vbi­<lb/>que &longs;emper <lb/>æ&longs;tas.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg413"></margin.target>Quomodo <lb/>plana &longs;pecu­<lb/>la vt <expan abbr="reddãe">reddane</expan> <lb/>radium <expan abbr="per-pendicular&etilde;">per­<lb/>pendicularem</expan>, <lb/>debeant col­<lb/>locari in &longs;ol<gap/>.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg414"></margin.target>Ædificia <lb/>quæ multum <lb/>excalefacere <lb/><expan abbr="aër&etilde;">aërem</expan> po&longs;&longs;unt.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Liquet autem ex his, ædificia po&longs;&longs;e fieri, <lb/>quæ etiam hyeme non parum aërem exca­<lb/>lefacient. </s> <s>Hæc verò non ad terræ centrum <lb/>erecta rectè e&longs;&longs; oportet, &longs;ed vt Solem hye­<lb/>malem ad perpendiculum excipiant. </s> <s>Itaque <lb/>vt exemplum rei præbeam, &longs;it habitatio no­<lb/>&longs;tra in A, &longs;uper plano AF, quæ ad perpendi­<lb/>culum è no&longs;tro vertice ad centrum terræ AB <lb/>quam con&longs;tat di&longs;tare ab æquinoctij circu­<lb/>lo partibus 44. & media: ab hyemali igitur <lb/><figure id="fig33"></figure><lb/>di&longs;tabit partibus 68. fiat igitur circuli pars <lb/>quarta BCF, & fiat BC partium 22. ex his <lb/>quibus BF ex nonaginta, di&longs;tabit igitur pun­<lb/>ctus C partibus nonaginta ab hyemali tro­<lb/>pico: quare cùm Sol ibi erit, erecta plana <lb/>aut caua cylindrica &longs;uperficie A C, in meri­<lb/>die radios ad perpendiculum excipiet. </s> <s>Fiat <lb/>etiam arcus CE partium 47. & iuxta decli­<lb/>nationem cuiu&longs;que diei Solis de&longs;cribantur <lb/>partes, & moles AC retrò agatur: &longs;icque to­<lb/>to anno radios ad perpendiculum &longs;tantes <lb/>excipiet, vt ante tempus olera & fructus <lb/>habere po&longs;&longs;is, reddatúrque iucunda man&longs;io. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Iam his de cau&longs;is intelligis non &longs;olùm <lb/>duplicem eorum, qui ad perpendiculum <lb/>&longs;tant radiorum rationem, &longs;ed etiam vmbra­<lb/>rum di&longs;crimina, quæ qui­<lb/>dem in omnibus mutantur <lb/>corporibus ob &longs;itum cor­</s></p><p type="main"> <s><arrow.to.target n="marg415"></arrow.to.target><lb/>poris, &longs;ola &longs;phæra exce­<lb/>pta: nam illa eodem lo­<lb/>co manens, luce etiam qui­<lb/>e&longs;cente eandem vmbram <lb/>facit. </s> <s>At non &longs;ic reliqua <lb/>corpora, &longs;ed virgæ &longs;i &longs;e­<lb/>cundum radiorum Solis <lb/>longitudinem extendantur, <lb/>null<gap/> propemodum faciunt <lb/>vmbram, ni&longs;i quantam <lb/><figure id="fig34"></figure><lb/>ip&longs;a virga habuerit cra&longs;&longs;itudinis. </s> <s>Si verò <lb/>virga &longs;ic &longs;tatuatur, vt vmbra eius ad per­<lb/>pendiculum &longs;it &longs;uper vmbram erectæ al­<lb/>terius virgæ in plano, tunc erit hæc vm­<lb/>bra media, æqualí&longs;que ad vnguem ip&longs;i vir­<lb/>gæ, ni&longs;i quantum ex elongatione à plano <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg416"></arrow.to.target><lb/>terræ propter Solis magnitudinem illi de­<lb/>ce&longs;&longs;erit: quod perexiguum tamen e&longs;t: ita <lb/>tamen perexiguum, quod omne corpus So­<lb/>li expo&longs;itum hac ratione vmbram finit in <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg417"></arrow.to.target><lb/>tanta di&longs;tantia, quanta e&longs;t magnitudo di­<lb/>metientis illius corporis centies ac nouies <lb/>&longs;umpta: talis enim proportio di&longs;tantiæ So­<lb/>lis à terra ad &longs;uam, &longs;cilicet Solis diametrum <lb/>fermè. </s> <s>Ex quo patet, non ob&longs;cura ratio co­<lb/>gno&longs;cendi proportionem altitudinis, cuiu&longs;­<lb/>cunque &longs;yderis ad &longs;uam magnitudinem. </s> <s>Nam <lb/>cellocata &longs;phæra notæ diametri in &longs;ummo <lb/>montis, videbis qua in di&longs;tantia finiatur vm­<lb/>bra, inde colliges eam e&longs;&longs;e proportionem al­<lb/>titudinis ad diametrum &longs;y­<lb/><figure id="fig35"></figure><lb/>deris, quæ e&longs;t rectæ di&longs;tantiæ <lb/>inter locum finis vmbræ, & <lb/>diametrum &longs;phæræ. </s> <s>Cum <lb/>igitur &longs;uper virgam plano <lb/>æquidi&longs;tantem, quæ vmbram <lb/>&longs;ibi æqualem faciat, virgam <lb/>aliam &longs;uper, ad perpendicu­<lb/>lum con&longs;titues, ita quòd So­<lb/>lis radius &longs;uper eam rectè <lb/>cadat, tunc maxima vmbra <lb/>fiet, quæ à tali magnitudi­<lb/>ne, & Solis tali &longs;itu po&longs;&longs;it <lb/>prouenire. </s> <s>Hæc autem non <lb/>paulò maior erit ip&longs;a virgæ <lb/>longitudine. </s> <s>Contingítque <lb/>hoc ob plani terræ inclina­<lb/>tionem à &longs;itu &longs;uperficiei, in quam ex cen­<lb/>tro Solis ad perpendiculum ductus radius <lb/>cadit: reliquæ omnes intra hos terminos <lb/>con&longs;tituuntur, permi&longs;centúrque magnitudi­<lb/>nis & paruitatis cau&longs;æ, vt ad hos &longs;impli­<lb/>ces &longs;itus magis aut minus acce&longs;&longs;erint. </s> <s>Cæ­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg418"></arrow.to.target><lb/>terum &longs;eu ex centro &longs;olo Solis, &longs;eu ex toto <lb/>ambitu radij dirigantur quodlibet opacum <lb/>quantumcunque magnum, æqualem facit <lb/>vmbram, &longs;i iuxta &longs;itum ad perpendiculum <lb/>&longs;teterit &longs;uper &longs;uperficiem, <lb/><figure id="fig36"></figure><lb/>quæ ex centro Solis ad per­<lb/>pendiculum &longs;tat &longs;uper pla­<lb/>num, illud diuidens iuxta <lb/>totam inclinationem, nam <lb/>radij ob di&longs;tantiam opacum <lb/>amplectentes æquidi&longs;tantes, <lb/>vtroque modo procedunt ex­<lb/>qui&longs;itè, &longs;i ex centro ob in­<lb/>finitam proportionem A D <lb/>& A E ad D E, vel &longs;i ex to­<lb/>to &longs;ole ob maximam pro­<lb/>portionem C E & B D ad <lb/>BC, aliquanto breuior fit in <lb/>longa di&longs;tantia vmbra opa­<lb/>co: quoniam radij C E H <lb/>& BDK minimùm ab æqui­<lb/>di&longs;tantibus differunt. </s> <s>Ita &longs;eu <lb/>&longs;tatuas hoc &longs;eu illud in illo <lb/>&longs;itu, vmbra &longs;emper opaco <lb/>æqualis e&longs;&longs;e videtur. </s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg415"></margin.target>Sola &longs;phæra <lb/>&longs;ita <expan abbr="vmbrã">vmbram</expan> <lb/>non mutat.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg416"></margin.target>Omnis cor­<lb/>poris vmbra <lb/>finitur.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg417"></margin.target>Ratio cogno­<lb/>&longs;cendi pro­<lb/>portionem <lb/><gap/>uiu&longs;cunque <lb/>&longs;yderis ad <lb/>&longs;uam altitu­<lb/>dinem.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg418"></margin.target>Seu radij ex <lb/>centro &longs;olis, <lb/>&longs;eu terminis <lb/>eius etiam <lb/>prodeant, <lb/>vmbræ erunt <lb/>eædem.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Verùm, vt ad Solis altitu­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg419"></arrow.to.target><lb/>dinem, cæterorumque a&longs;tro­<lb/>rum reuertar, illud demirari <lb/>contingit, cur a&longs;tra omnia <lb/>nos iter agentes &longs;equi videantur, ripæ au­<lb/>tem recedere à nobis ac retrò agi dum præ­<lb/>teruehimur naui? </s> <s>Cau&longs;a non ob&longs;cura e&longs;t, <lb/>quoniam cùm a&longs;trorum di&longs;tantia ad to­<lb/>tam terræ magnitudinem maximam ha­<lb/>beat proportionem, locum &longs;yderis progre&longs;­<lb/>&longs;us no&longs;ter mutare non pote&longs;t: quod enim <lb/>oculus non percipit e&longs;&longs;e, ac &longs;i non foret, <lb/>iam docuimus. </s> <s>Cum igitur &longs;ydus, gratia <lb/>exempli, nos præcedit cubiti magnitudine, <lb/>cum per terna millia pa&longs;&longs;. </s> <s>proce&longs;&longs;erimus, <lb/>cubiti magnitudine &longs;ydus etiam præcede­<lb/>re nos oportet videri: quoniam terna <lb/>millia pa&longs;&longs;. </s> <s>cum &longs;yderis altitudine an-<pb pagenum="432"/>gulum nullum &longs;en&longs;ilem faciunt. </s> <s>Proce­<lb/>dentibus igitur nobis, vt &longs;emper nos videa­<lb/>tur cubito antecedere, &longs;ydus nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t, vt <lb/>nobi&longs;cum moueri videatur: atque eadem ra­<lb/>tione quæ po&longs;t terga &longs;unt, vt &longs;equi videan­<lb/>tur, pariter nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t. </s> <s>At &longs;i alium ambulan­<lb/>tem in&longs;picias, tu autem quie&longs;cas, illa non <lb/>moueri videbuntur. </s> <s>Verùm &longs;ydera ob a&longs;pe­<lb/>ctus diuer&longs;itatem, non eundum &longs;itum oculi <lb/>tui comparatione habebunt: nam aliqua vi­<lb/>debitur po&longs;t tergum reliqui&longs;&longs;e quæ ante <lb/>erant, quod cùm in nobis ip&longs;is contingere <lb/>nequeat, &longs;ed vt videamus &longs;ydera &longs;emper &longs;ub <lb/>eodem &longs;itu loci, no&longs;tri comparatione &longs;ub quo <lb/>prius fuerant, nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t vt nobi&longs;cum hac <lb/>de cau&longs;a venire videantur, ac nos perpetuò <lb/>comitari. </s> <s>At in naui cùm quie&longs;cere nobis vi­<lb/>deamur, procedente autem naui, quæ ante <lb/>erant, po&longs;t terga relinquuntur: cùm igitur <lb/>oculus motum percipiat, nos autem putat <lb/>quie&longs;cere, quia in naui quie&longs;cimus, nece&longs;&longs;e <lb/>e&longs;t vt arbitretur ripas & arbores moueri <lb/>ver&longs;us nos, ac deinde po&longs;t terga, contraria <lb/>&longs;yderum motus ratione. <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg420"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg419"></margin.target>Cur a&longs;tra <lb/>nos iter <lb/>agentes &longs;e­<lb/>quantur, ri­<lb/>pæ autem re­<lb/>trò fugiant.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg420"></margin.target>Cur &longs;ol & <lb/>a&longs;tra <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> cœ­<lb/>lum in 24­<lb/>horis <gap/><expan abbr="ircũ-eant">ircun­<lb/>eant</expan>, quie&longs;­<lb/>cere tamen <lb/>videantur.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Eadem de cau&longs;a dubitare, &longs;ed contrario <lb/>modo, contingit, cur Solis radij, cùm totum <lb/>terræ ambitum circumeat, & Sol cœlum, <lb/>neque Sol tamen in cœlo, neque radij in ter­<lb/>ra moueri videntur, cùm ip&longs;i radij millies <lb/>millena pa&longs;&longs;uum &longs;ingulis horis, &longs;i non plus, <lb/>&longs;altem procedant? </s> <s>De Sole cau&longs;a e&longs;t, quia <lb/>circulus in quo circumfertur, haud magnus <lb/>oculo videtur, ideo motus videtur: moueri <lb/>autem non cùm &longs;en&longs;im procedat, & mini­<lb/>mum &longs;it &longs;patium quod pertran&longs;ire cernitur, <lb/>& (vt clarius dicam) angulus quem facit &longs;in­<lb/>gulis momentis ob motum e&longs;t in&longs;en&longs;ilis: igi­<lb/>tur iuxta no&longs;tra &longs;uppo&longs;ita, quæ antea docui­<lb/>mus, Sol non videbitut moueri, nec vllum <lb/>aliud &longs;ydus eadem ratione. </s> <s>Obiicies for&longs;an, <lb/>quòd luna &longs;i in terræ &longs;uperficie circumfera­<lb/>tur, celerrimè moueri videretur? </s> <s>at in cœlo <lb/>velocius, & iuxta eandem proportionem mo­<lb/>uetur? </s> <s>Sit igitur mota ex A in B, oculus C <lb/>con&longs;tat magnam e&longs;&longs;e proportionem ad DF. <lb/>moueatur etiam aliquid eodem tempore ex <lb/>D in G, &longs;ic vt C &longs;it in linea BF. </s> <s>Dico igitur, <lb/>velocius motum videri ex D in G, quàm ex <lb/>A in B. nam angulus ACB, paulò maior e&longs;t <lb/><figure id="fig37"></figure><lb/>angulo AFB, quia ángulus CBF, e&longs;t in&longs;en&longs;i­<lb/>lis fermè, ob paruitatem CF. &longs;i igitur pona­<lb/>tur AFB, in&longs;en&longs;ilis erit & A C B. primum <lb/>ergo quod depræhenditur &longs;it angulus ACB, <lb/>& arcus ACB, antea igitur in&longs;en&longs;ilis fuit <lb/>motus. </s> <s>At quia C G e&longs;t pror&longs;us in&longs;en&longs;ilis <lb/>comparata ad BC, & BG, erit angulus BCG <lb/>qua&longs;i rectus, igitur & angulus DCG per <lb/>dicta primo elementorum D G igitur mul­</s></p><p type="main"> <s><arrow.to.target n="marg421"></arrow.to.target><lb/>to maior quàm DC eò quòd D rectus e&longs;t: <lb/>erit enim D G C angulus æqualis fermè an­<lb/>gulo A C B, quare D manife&longs;tè videbitur <lb/>motum in G, ac longè velocius quàm ex <lb/>A in B. </s> <s>Ex hoc &longs;equitur, quòd quanto al­<lb/>tiora erunt, tantò minus moueri videbun­<lb/>tur, tamet&longs;i velocius verè & iuxta propor­<lb/>tionem æqualiter mota videri debeant: nam <lb/>linea ex C ducta ad punctum in linea F B, <lb/>quo altius extendetur, minorem faciet an­<lb/>gulum CBG: quare cùm F &longs;it idem, minor <lb/>erit ACB: BCG autem non augebitur, quia <lb/>in&longs;en&longs;ibilis CG: ergo DCG augebitur, & <lb/>linea D G comparata ad D C. </s> <s>Similiter <lb/><figure id="fig38"></figure><lb/>& in plano, quo magis procul mouetur ali­<lb/>quid, eò tardius moueri videtur. </s> <s>Sint tres <lb/>lineæ AB, BD, DE æquales, oculus in C, <lb/>dico quod angulus ACB, maior e&longs;t angulo <lb/>BCD, & BCD angulo DCE. nam pro­<lb/>portio D C ad DE, maior e&longs;t quàm B C <lb/>ad BD, quia BD & DE &longs;unt æquales, & <lb/><figure id="fig39"></figure><lb/>CD e&longs;t maior CB, & &longs;imiliter CB e&longs;t maior <lb/>CA, quia angulus A e&longs;t rectus, & CBD, <lb/>& CDE obtu&longs;i: igitur CD, maior CB, & <lb/>CB maior CA. </s> <s>Cùm igitur angulus ABC <lb/>&longs;it maior BCD & BDC maior DCE, &longs;e­<lb/>quitur vt angulus ACB, &longs;it maior BCD: & <lb/>BCD maior DCE: igitur A B videbitur ma­<lb/>ior BD, & BD quàm DE. </s> <s>Quòd &longs;i motus &longs;it <lb/>per tran&longs;uer&longs;um, adhuc eadem lex manet: <lb/>nam angulus ACB maior e&longs;t angulo DCE, <lb/>igitur linea A B maior videtur linea D E <lb/><figure id="fig40"></figure><lb/>Quòd &longs;i eadem di&longs;tantia recta, ac per tran&longs;­<lb/>uer&longs;um aliqua moueantur, quod rectà mo­<lb/>uebitur, velocius moueri videbitur: vt ex B <lb/>in D, quàm ex A in B. nam cum duæ lineæ <lb/>BC & BD æquales &longs;int duabus lineis BC & <lb/>BA, & anguli A, & CBD recti, erit ex dictis <lb/>angulus BCA maior angulo B C D: igitur <lb/>linea AB maior videbitur, quàm BD: quod <lb/>propo&longs;uimus. </s> <s>Sed &longs;i motus &longs;it ex puncto eo­<lb/>dem, puta B rectà in E, tran&longs;uer&longs;im in D: dico <lb/>quòd BD videbitur maior BE: &longs;uppo&longs;i<gap/>o quòd <lb/>&longs;int æquales: nam duæ lineæ BE & BD æqua­<lb/>les &longs;unt, & BC communis, & CE maio CD, <lb/>igitur angulus DCB maior e&longs;t BCE: quo-<pb pagenum="433"/>niam DBC, e&longs;t rectus, & CBE, obtu&longs;us. </s> <s>Ve­<lb/>rùm de radiis alia e&longs;t ratio: etenim illi motu <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg422"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;uo, angulum &longs;en&longs;ilem efficiunt in oculo, <lb/>ideóque moueri deberent videri. </s> <s>Cur autem <lb/>non videantur, cau&longs;a hæe e&longs;t, quia po&longs;ita ter­<lb/>ra, cuius centrum A, & plano eius <emph type="italics"/>(<emph.end type="italics"/> vt dixi) <lb/>quod refert punctum D, &longs;ed nobis ob ma­<lb/><figure id="fig41"></figure><lb/>gnitudinem e&longs;t BC, & turris quæ ad perpen­<lb/>diculum e&longs;t &longs;uper planum DE, & Sole in F, <lb/>qui producens radium FEC, producit CD, <lb/>cum autem Sol proce&longs;&longs;erit in G, producto <lb/>radio GEK, relinquit vmbram KD, igitur <lb/>cùm motus indicetur ex vmbra, Sol videbi­<lb/>tur &longs;olum pertran&longs;i&longs;&longs;e ex C, in K, dum moue­<lb/>tur ex F, in G: &longs;ed &longs;patium CK, e&longs;t paruum, <lb/>cùm &longs;it comparatum ad altitudinem D E, <lb/>quæ e&longs;t parua: igitur cum &longs;en&longs;im moueatur, <lb/>& tran&longs;eat &longs;olùm &longs;patium CK, puta in quar­<lb/>ta horæ &longs;ingulo momento, nullum &longs;patium <lb/>tran&longs;ibit quod angulum &longs;en&longs;ilem efficiat. </s> <s>Igi­<lb/>tur videbitur ex illo &longs;uppo&longs;ito &longs;æpius repe­<lb/>tito, radius FC, <expan abbr="dũ">dum</expan> mouebitur &longs;emper quie&longs;­<lb/>cere. </s> <s>Ponamus exemplum, cum Sol e&longs;t in 7. <lb/>parte Tauri hora circiter 19. cum quarta, <lb/>vmbra æquatur gnomoni, 21. detracta quar­<lb/>ta, dupla e&longs;t: conduplicatur ergo vnius & di­<lb/>midiæ horæ &longs;patio. </s> <s>Ergo motus e&longs;t iuxta gno­<lb/>monis longitudinem, non Solis velocitatem. <lb/>Verum dices, cur non videtur moueri radius? <lb/>cau&longs;am intelligo: quomodò verò tantum &longs;pa­<lb/>tij &longs;uperet, nec moueri videatur, cau&longs;am non <lb/>intelligo. </s> <s>Con&longs;tat enim &longs;ub ortu occa&longs;u vm­<lb/>bras veloci&longs;&longs;imè maximi&longs;que incrementis, <lb/>aut decrementis variati. </s> <s>Sit igitur Sol occi­<lb/><figure id="fig42"></figure><lb/>dens C, planum GE, corpus erectum AB, fi­<lb/>nis vmbræ <emph type="italics"/>(<emph.end type="italics"/> qui idem e&longs;t cum initio radio­<lb/>rum) E, corpus aliud erectum EF: in quo mo­<lb/>tus vmbræ in&longs;en&longs;ilis &longs;it, quoniam &longs;olùm dum <lb/>Sol occidit radij de&longs;inunt illu&longs;trare. </s> <s>Ip&longs;i verò <lb/>clari&longs;&longs;imi erunt, quando angulus CEF, rectus <lb/>e&longs;t. </s> <s>At ex puncto E, nulli dubium e&longs;&longs;e pote&longs;t, <lb/>quin in plano GAE, tum radij, tum vmbra <lb/>prope Solis occa&longs;um incredibili velocitate <lb/>ferantur, <expan abbr="quãtum">quantum</expan> enim punctus in &longs;uperficie <lb/>terræ è regione centri Solis mouetur, tanto <lb/>magis nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t vmbras promoueri. </s> <s>Sed <lb/>quoniam in priore figura, &longs;i F, ponatur in oc­<lb/>ca&longs;u anguli FAE, FEA, erunt qua&longs;i recti ob <lb/>paruitatem AE, & rationem trigonorum cir­<lb/>culis in&longs;criptorum iuxta arcum & chordam, <lb/>vt vocant, erunt ergo anguli FC, lineæ, cum <lb/>duabus è centro A, exeuntibus ad illam al­<lb/>teram, quarum e&longs;t AD, altera velut AK, fer­<lb/>mè recti: ergo vmbra quæ &longs;ubtenditur quæ­<lb/>que maxima e&longs;t, minima e&longs;t. </s> <s>Igitur non fiet <lb/>ille progre&longs;&longs;us maximus, ni&longs;i DE, fuerit lon­<lb/>gi&longs;&longs;ima, quod e&longs;&longs;e non pote&longs;t in comparatio­<lb/>ne ad AD. </s> <s>Alia cau&longs;a e&longs;t, quoniam quantò <lb/>magis cre&longs;cit AE, eò radiorum vis minuitur <lb/>propter paruitatem anguli AEB: igitur nec <lb/>vmbra, nec radius digno&longs;citur: quamobrem <lb/>in dubia luce, neque lux ip&longs;a percipitur, ne­<lb/>que multo minus vmbra quæ propter lucem <lb/>digno&longs;citur, nec vmbræ magnitudo etiam <lb/>minus, nec tandem adhúcque minus vmbræ, <lb/>vel radiorum motus. </s> <s>Dices rur&longs;us, quomodo <lb/>vmbra fiet infinita &longs;tatim &longs;i maxima parua <lb/>e&longs;t? </s> <s>coniungitur illa vmbræ rotunditatis terr&ecedil; <lb/>quæ maxima e&longs;t, & &longs;ic è parua fit infinita in <lb/>momento. </s> <s>Cùm verò nullum fuerit corpus in <lb/>plano, veloci&longs;&longs;ima fit & lucis & vmbrarum <lb/>diffu&longs;io, &longs;ed quia lux in vtroque crepu&longs;culo <lb/>(vtita dicam) dubia e&longs;t, & &longs;patium quod ab <lb/>oculo illuminatum videtur exiguum, &longs;tatim <lb/>vtraque facta mutatione latet motus, vt in <lb/>&longs;ecunda cau&longs;a demon&longs;tratum e&longs;t. </s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg421"></margin.target>Propo&longs;it. <gap/>3.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg422"></margin.target>Cur &longs;olis ra­<lb/>dij cum in <lb/>23. &longs;erie ter­<lb/>ram circum­<lb/><gap/>ant immo­<lb/>biles vi­<lb/>deantur.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Dubium quoque e&longs;t, cur hæc illu&longs;tratio <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg423"></arrow.to.target><lb/>in terra &longs;emper tremere videatur? </s> <s>& an ab <lb/>corum quæ dicta &longs;unt aliquid? </s> <s>Cau&longs;a igi­<lb/>tur e&longs;t, quòd mouetur, nec moueri videtur, <lb/>vt dictum e&longs;t: medium igitur quippiam per­<lb/>cipitur. </s> <s>Idem <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> & ex ambigua vi&longs;ione, ter­<lb/>minus enim vmbræ & luminis, neque vmbra <lb/>e&longs;t neque lux, tremere autem exi&longs;timantur <lb/>quæcunque, an moueantur incertum e&longs;t, hoc <lb/>autem ob cau&longs;as dictas. </s> <s>Sed cur non in horo­<lb/>logio index? </s> <s>Quoniam non e&longs;t is motus ob <lb/>tarditatem vllo modo &longs;en&longs;ilis: quæ autem <lb/>tremere videntur, non adeò tardè moueri <lb/>oportet, vt omninò quie&longs;cere videantur. </s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg423"></margin.target>Cur &longs;olis ii­<lb/>lu&longs;tratio tre<gap/><lb/>mula videa­<lb/>tur.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>His cognitis maius quippiam &longs;uccedit, <lb/>quo humana &longs;ubtilitas altitudinem omnium <lb/>&longs;yderum tam facilè metiri docuit, vt nemo <lb/>tam in promptu domus &longs;uæ partes habeat. <lb/>Cum enim in figura motus Solis altitudo F, <lb/>nota fuerit, &longs;eu plani&longs;phærio, &longs;eu armillis, <lb/>alióve in&longs;trumento, aut tabulis, ea detracta <lb/>ex 90. partibus habebimus angulum FAD, <lb/>&longs;ed angulus CED, ratione & men&longs;ura notus <lb/>e&longs;t, &longs;eu C, terminus &longs;it vmbræ, &longs;eu oculus: igi­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg424"></arrow.to.target><lb/>tur angulus FEA, notus, quare ex traditis ab <lb/>Euclide in elementis, angulus F, & ratio FE, <lb/>altitudinis ad AE, dimidium dimetientis ter­<lb/>ræ, quo&longs;t &longs;uperius quantum e&longs;&longs;et, demon&longs;tra­<lb/>uimus. </s> <s>E&longs;t enim quinquies M. pa&longs;&longs;. </s> <s>millia. <lb/>Virga autem DE, habere debet circulum in <lb/>imo chalybèum, cui in&longs;i&longs;tat orthogonia: tum <lb/>& planum ad vnguem inferna parte <expan abbr="circulũ">circulum</expan> <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e, vt cùm applicetur plano, intelligas an <lb/>illud verè planum &longs;it, habeat & &longs;uperius à <lb/>quatuor lateribus plumbea perpendicula: & <lb/>notæ &longs;it magnitudinis à &longs;ummo verticis <expan abbr="v&longs;q;">v&longs;que</expan> <lb/>ad imam chalybei circuli &longs;uperficiem. </s> <s>Cùm <lb/>igitur virga fixa circulo tenus illóque hæren. <lb/>te vndequaque plano etiam perpendicula <pb pagenum="434"/>adhæ&longs;erint virgæ, tunc planum illud, & <lb/>verè planum e&longs;t, & tale in quod ducta ex <lb/>centro terræ linea perpendicularis e&longs;t, & <lb/>hoc planum ad altitudinem &longs;umendam ido­<lb/>neum e&longs;t. </s> <s>Quòd &longs;i vel dum hæret circulus pla­<lb/>no perpendicula non hærent, aut dum hæ­<lb/>rent perpendicula, circulus ab aliqua parte <lb/>planum non tangit, planum illud non e&longs;t <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg425"></arrow.to.target><lb/>idoneum. </s> <s>Quare &longs;i velis hac cura carere, <lb/>virgam tabulæ planæ & leni magnæ ad per­<lb/>pendiculum infige, & tunc vbicunque tabu­<lb/>lam collocaueris, vt perpendicula tangant <lb/>virgam, opportunum tibi planum inueni&longs;&longs;e <lb/>per&longs;uadeto. </s> <s>Quòd &longs;i magnitudinem po&longs;tmo­<lb/>dum &longs;yderis etiam &longs;cire libeat, ex vmbræ <lb/>fine ( vt dixi &longs;uperius ) cùm iam altitudinem <lb/>noueris potes inuenire. </s> <s>Verum, quia &longs;cire <lb/>hunc vmbræ finem e&longs;t opero&longs;um, & non <lb/>omninò leue, <expan abbr="tũ">tum</expan> maximè in aliis &longs;yderibus à <lb/>Sole & Luna, hoc alia via facillimè a&longs;&longs;eque­<lb/>ris. </s> <s>Sume in plani&longs;pherio dimetientem &longs;yde­<lb/>ris, quem duplica & ei decimamnonam par­<lb/>tem adde, & cum hoc diuide &longs;emper &longs;eptem <lb/>millia & ducenta, & numerus proueniens <lb/>e&longs;t proportio altitudinis ad dimentientem &longs;y­<lb/>deris. </s> <s>Cùm igitur altitudinem &longs;yderis iam <lb/>cognitam habeas, & proportionem altitu­<lb/>dinis ad dimentientem, palàm e&longs;t dimentien­<lb/>tem cognitam e&longs;&longs;e. </s> <s>Velut ponamus dime­<lb/>tientem &longs;yderis minuta nouem cum dimidio, <lb/>duplicabo hæc, & fient minuta decem & no­<lb/>uem: quibus addam &longs;emper partem deci­<lb/>mam nonam, ob magnitudinem dimetien­<lb/>tis in tabula, & fient minuta viginti: diuido <lb/>&longs;eptem millia ducenta. </s> <s>& &longs;unt minuta dime­<lb/>tientis, & exeunt trecenta &longs;exaginta, & ideo <lb/>manife&longs;tum e&longs;t ex hoc, dimetientem eius &longs;y­<lb/>deris e&longs;&longs;e &longs;uæ altitudinis partem trecente&longs;i­<lb/>mam ac &longs;exage&longs;imam. </s> <s>Ergo quantum vtili­<lb/>tatis præbeat, & quàm &longs;ubtilis &longs;it contem­<lb/>platio radiorum, ex his omnibus patet: à <lb/>cæteris autem men&longs;uris, vt de quibus tra­<lb/>ctauerim in lib. </s> <s>12. perfecti operis, nunc ab­<lb/>&longs;tinebo. </s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg424"></margin.target>Lib.1. propo­<lb/>&longs;itione 23.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg425"></margin.target>Syderum <lb/>magnitudo <lb/>quomodo fa­<lb/>cilè digno&longs;­<lb/>catur.</s></p><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"/>LIBER QVINTVS,<emph.end type="center"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"/>De Mi&longs;tione & Mi&longs;tis imperfectè, &longs;eu <lb/>Metallicis.<emph.end type="center"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s>HACTENVS igitur quinque <lb/>fermè partes totius operis &longs;unt <lb/>ab&longs;olutæ, &longs;cilicet de principiis <lb/>occultioribus, materia, forma, <lb/>vacuo, corporum vnitione pri­<lb/>mo. </s> <s>De elementis &longs;ecundo, quoniam prin­<lb/>cipia e&longs;&longs;ent integra, ab&longs;oluta & manife­<lb/>&longs;ta. </s> <s>Tertio de cœlo. </s> <s>Quarto de lumine & <lb/>luce. </s> <s>Quintam partem, quæ e&longs;t de his quæ <lb/>apparent, non plenè ab&longs;oluimus, cùm mul­<lb/>ta de&longs;int, quæ ad aures & alios &longs;en&longs;us, tum <lb/>mentem & etiam ad oculos pertinent. </s> <s>Nunc <lb/>igitur de mi&longs;tis agendum erit: nam mi&longs;ta <lb/>primis illis indigent, tum elementis de cœ­<lb/>lo, & lumine, lucéque, propterea de illis <lb/>primùm tractauimus. </s> <s>Indigere autem mi&longs;ta <lb/>ip&longs;a cœlo, & quantum cœli con&longs;titutio in <lb/>hæc po&longs;&longs;it inferiora, manife&longs;tis argumentis <lb/>depræhendere licet. </s> <s>Nam farina quæ Augu­<lb/>&longs;to men&longs;e è frumento in mola confecta e&longs;t, <lb/>toto anno apud nos &longs;eruari &longs;olet incorrupta. <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg426"></arrow.to.target><lb/>Et zethum quod Martij luna fit, ferunt du­<lb/>rare toto anno cum æ&longs;tate diebus 20. hyeme <lb/>duobus men&longs;ibus maneat incorruptum. </s> <s>Re­<lb/>ferunt Gedanen&longs;e zethum in decem annos, <lb/>nonnunquam in viginti perdurare, nec ace&longs;­<lb/>cere, nec muce&longs;cere, quod aqua Martia con­<lb/>ficiatur: alia cau&longs;a e&longs;&longs;e pote&longs;t, quòd Martio <lb/>men&longs;e &longs;emina adhuc viuunt lupi &longs;alictarij, <lb/>humidum autem tunc planè con&longs;umptum <lb/>e&longs;t: maximè enim di&longs;tat à tempore, quo <lb/>collectum fuit &longs;emen illud, ob id efficacem <lb/>& minimè humidum biriam &longs;eu cerui&longs;iam <lb/>( &longs;ic enim vocant Germani zethum ) effi­<lb/>cere pote&longs;t. </s> <s>Efficax e&longs;t tunc &longs;emen, quo­<lb/>niam &longs;oleat eo tempore pullulare. </s> <s>Infini­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg427"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ta &longs;unt huius rei experimenta: nam Ver­<lb/>giliæ herbæ cum &longs;tellis eiu&longs;dem nomi­<lb/>nis oriuntur & occidunt. </s> <s>Sed illud &longs;o­<lb/>lum repetere cogor, mi&longs;ta hæc omnia, <lb/>&longs;olo duntaxat homine excepto, terra & <lb/>aqua, & cœle&longs;ti calore con&longs;tare. </s> <s>Ho­<lb/>rum pars &longs;ub terra latitat, alia in vndis, <lb/>alia verò &longs;upra terram: nunc autem de <lb/>his quæ natura latitant, dicere propo&longs;itum <lb/>e&longs;t. </s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg426"></margin.target>Lunæ pro ze­<lb/>tho <expan abbr="confici&etilde;-do">conficien­<lb/>do</expan>, & farina <lb/>con&longs;eruanda <lb/>ob&longs;eruatio.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg427"></margin.target>Vergiliarum <lb/>herbarum <lb/>mirum. <lb/>Plin. </s> <s>lib.18 <lb/>cap.27.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Quæcunque igitur mi&longs;ta &longs;ub terra, aqui&longs;­<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg428"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ve &longs;unt motus expertia, in quatuor genera <lb/>diuidunt, terras, &longs;uccos, lapides, metalla. <lb/>Non po&longs;&longs;e autem plura e&longs;&longs;e, hoc o&longs;tendi­<lb/>tur argumento: nam vel lique&longs;cunt, & re­<lb/>deuntia in propriam formam dura manent, <lb/>& hæc metalla vocantur. </s> <s>Nihil enim aliud <lb/>e&longs;t metallum, quàm quod lique&longs;cere pote&longs;t, <lb/>& cum redit, durum manet. </s> <s>Durum autem <lb/>duobus modis intelligo, quod non facilè ce­<lb/>dat, nec facilè frangitur: tale autem omne <lb/>manife&longs;tum e&longs;t quod duci pote&longs;t: vnde bitu­<lb/>men ducitur, & non re&longs;i&longs;tit: cry&longs;tallus re&longs;i&longs;tit, <lb/>& melius &longs;tibium, &longs;ed non ducuntur, ideo <lb/>percu&longs;&longs;a facilè fraguntur. </s> <s>Quod verò lique&longs;­<lb/>cit, & dum redit, durum non e&longs;t, &longs;uccus voca­<lb/>tur. </s> <s>Quod omninò non lique&longs;cit, vel du­<lb/>rum e&longs;t, & vocatur lapis: vel molle, & <lb/>facillimè in minima tran&longs;iens, & vocatur <lb/>terra. </s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg428"></margin.target>Genera om­<lb/>nia eorum <lb/>quæ &longs;ub ter­<lb/>ra <expan abbr="lat&etilde;t">latent</expan> qua­<lb/>tuor e&longs;&longs;e de­<lb/>mon&longs;tratur.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Præter hæc tamen quatuor, permi&longs;ta ex <lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg429"></arrow.to.target><lb/>his &longs;unt alia plura genera corporum. </s> <s>Quòd <lb/>&longs;i rectè qui numerare &longs;ciat, vndecim, nec <lb/>plura e&longs;&longs;e comperiet. </s> <s>Simplicium exempla <pb pagenum="435"/>&longs;unt, &longs;ucci &longs;ulphur, lapidis cry&longs;tallus, terræ <lb/>Lemnia, metalli argentum. </s> <s>Compo&longs;itorum <lb/>autem exempla &longs;uo loco referam, ne inuti­<lb/>liter repetere multa cogar. </s> <s>Simplicium au­<lb/>tem nece&longs;&longs;aria exempla fuêre, quia non de <lb/>omnibus primò &longs;um tractaturus: nam quæ­<lb/>cunque &longs;olida manent, perfecta voco, vt <lb/>metalla & lapides, de quibus po&longs;teriùs di­<lb/>cturus &longs;um molliora autem, imperfecta, <lb/>tum mi&longs;ta, tum &longs;uccos, & terras appel­<lb/>lo, quæ metallica nuncupabo omnia, ad<gap/><lb/>differentiam lapidum & metallorum. </s> <s>De <lb/>metallicis igitur nunc primùm dicere aggre­<lb/>diar, à terrarum generibus initium ducens. <lb/>&l