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<!DOCTYPE archimedes SYSTEM "../dtd/archimedes.dtd"> <archimedes xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <info> <author>Buonamici, Francesco</author> <title>De motu</title> <date>1591</date> <place>Florence</place> <translator></translator> <lang>la</lang> <cvs_file>buona_demot_01_la_1591</cvs_file> <cvs_version></cvs_version> <locator>014.xml</locator> </info> <text> <front> </front> <body> <chap> <pb pagenum="1"/> <p type="main"> <s>FRANCISCI</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>BONAMICI</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>PHILOSOPHI FLORENTINI</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>IN PISANO GYMNASIO</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>PROFITENTIS.</s></p> <p type="head"> <s>DE MOTV LIBER PRIMVS.</s></p> <p type="head"> <s>DE MVNERE PHILOSOPHI NATVRALIS.</s></p> <p type="head"> <s>Proœmium.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>MOTVS initia <expan abbr="cau&longs;&longs;a&qacute;">cau&longs;&longs;aque</expan>. venari proximè opero&longs;um e&longs;&longs;e atque diffi­<lb/>cile, & multa de ip&longs;o volumina à Peripateticorum principe edita <lb/>re&longs;tantur, & labores &longs;ummi, quos vniuer&longs;a philo&longs;ophorum &longs;cho­<lb/>la in eius <expan abbr="explication&etilde;">explicationem</expan> <expan abbr="cõtuli&longs;&longs;e">contuli&longs;&longs;e</expan> per&longs;picitur. Nam &longs;iue copia theo <lb/>firmatum &longs;pectetur, &longs;iue &longs;ubtilitas & ob&longs;curitas: hæc omnia planè <lb/>in motus e&longs;&longs;entia ve&longs;tiganda nobis &longs;e&longs;e obiiciunt: etenim per&longs;i&longs;tit <lb/>parum motus; nec eius aliud quicquam, ni&longs;i pars aliqua, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illa </s></p> <p type="main"> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg1"></arrow.to.target><lb/><expan abbr="quid&etilde;">quidem</expan> lubrica, <expan abbr="nil&qacute;">nilque</expan>. &longs;tabilis obtinens, quin potius indiuiduus qui­<lb/>dam finis eius tantummodò extat; vt facillimè elabatur: tum <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb/><09> multa complectitur, quæ naturis inter &longs;e di&longs;creta tantam <expan abbr="caligi-n&etilde;">caligi­<lb/>nem</expan> <expan abbr="offundũt">offundunt</expan>, vt inter philo&longs;ophos admodùm procliue &longs;it variari. <lb/>Augebat quoque difficultatem, quia plurima flagitaret, vt con&longs;titui po&longs;&longs;et. Nullum enim cau&longs;­<lb/>&longs;&ecedil; genus exi&longs;tit, ex quo non pendeat motus: tempus item <expan abbr="locum&qacute;">locumque</expan>. re&longs;picit. &longs;ingula verò com­<lb/>plura nobis &longs;uppeditant quidem, quæ dicamus; &longs;ed ea certè plena &longs;alebrarum & dubitationis; <lb/>verùm quæ præclaram philo&longs;ophandi occa&longs;ionem <expan abbr="præbeãt">præbeant</expan> &longs;tudio&longs;is veritatis. Quare <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> minus <lb/>audaciæ forta&longs;&longs;e nobis ad&longs;cribetur, qui <expan abbr="tãtum">tantum</expan> negocium pertentare voluimus, quàm de&longs;iderio <lb/>veri perno&longs;cendi, <expan abbr="&longs;tudioq.">&longs;tudioque</expan> cæteros iuuandi, qui nobi&longs;cum in hanc <expan abbr="pulcherrimã">pulcherrimam</expan>, & <expan abbr="hone&longs;ti&longs;simã">hone&longs;ti&longs;simam</expan> <lb/>&longs;peculationis <expan abbr="arenã">arenam</expan> de&longs;cenderunt; quæ &longs;emper apud nos potuere plurimum, & ad &longs;e&longs;e <expan abbr="trah&etilde;tia">trahentia</expan> <lb/>miris modis, à multis vitæ <expan abbr="cõmodis">commodis</expan> auerterunt, <expan abbr="exi&longs;timãtes">exi&longs;timantes</expan> ei, qui &longs;e ad <expan abbr="&longs;peculation&etilde;">&longs;peculationem</expan> contulerit; <lb/>cuius multò maxima pars e&longs;t quæ de motu ampli&longs;sima præmia proponi, <expan abbr="veritat&etilde;">veritatem</expan> <expan abbr="nimirũ">nimirum</expan>, quæ <lb/>&longs;ola bene <expan abbr="in&longs;titutã">in&longs;titutam</expan> mentem pa&longs;cit, & fouet, & alioqui fluctuantem &longs;edat, & multò plus denique <lb/>delectat, quàm laboris <expan abbr="imm&etilde;&longs;itas">immen&longs;itas</expan> & anxietas curæ deterreat, <expan abbr="eadem&qacute;">eademque</expan>. tum &longs;eip&longs;am &longs;uperat, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <lb/>ver&longs;atur in rebus hone&longs;ti&longs;simis, in quibus optimo iure contemplatio motus numerari pote&longs;t. <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg2"></arrow.to.target><lb/>His adde quàm &longs;it eius animaduer&longs;io nece&longs;&longs;aria, cùm planè informet <expan abbr="methodũ">methodum</expan> naturalem, quæ <lb/>&longs;ibi propo&longs;uit ad explicandum illud <expan abbr="&longs;ub&longs;tãtiæ">&longs;ub&longs;tantiæ</expan> genus, in quo fons ine&longs;t & origo motus; hoc <expan abbr="aũt">aunt</expan> <lb/>lati&longs;simè patet, atque adeò, vt ni&longs;i aciem mentis acerrimè intendas, &longs;olum tibi, inter ea quæ &longs;unt, <lb/>occurrat, <expan abbr="facile&qacute;">facileque</expan>., ni&longs;i diuinitus affleris; nihil aliud e&longs;&longs;e opineris, quàm naturam: <expan abbr="ideo&qacute;">ideoque</expan>. certam <lb/>materiæ &longs;ubiectæ rationem in methodo illa ponit: ex quo efficitur, vt cuncta in &longs;cientia natura­<lb/>li ad eius &longs;tateram reuocari oporteat. Hæc quidem per <expan abbr="oīa">oina</expan> pertinet, quæ &longs;en&longs;ui &longs;ubiiciuntur, & <lb/>ad omne genus v&longs;us ab homine accomodatur, & qua&longs;i officina <expan abbr="qu&ecedil;dã">qu&ecedil;dam</expan> e&longs;t, & in&longs;trumentum, vn­<lb/>de &longs;upellex diuinæ contemplationis expromatur. Proinde <expan abbr="pleraq.">pleraque</expan> pars human&ecedil; contemplatio­<lb/>nis in tractatione motus impenditur. Oper&ecedil;precium ergo facturum eum confido, qui toto pe­<lb/>ctore negocium de motu &longs;u&longs;cipiat, in <expan abbr="eo&qacute;">eoque</expan>. explicando &longs;uam operam collocet. Magna enim prin­<lb/>cipij vis e&longs;t, vt <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> &longs;emel à viris &longs;apienti&longs;simis dimidium totius habeatur, imò ip&longs;um &longs;olidum to­<lb/>tum prædicetur. <expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> cum in omnib. reb. agendis, tum maximè in philo&longs;ophando <expan abbr="rerum&qacute;">rerumque</expan>. veri­<lb/>tate ve&longs;tiganda, rationem <expan abbr="principiorũ">principiorum</expan> habere oportet: <expan abbr="&longs;edulo&qacute;">&longs;eduloque</expan>. <expan abbr="aduert&etilde;dum">aduertendum</expan>, quæ'nam & cuiu&longs;­<lb/>modi principia <expan abbr="&longs;tatuãtur">&longs;tatuantur</expan>: &longs;iquidem fundamenti locum occupent in omnibus methodis. Sicut <pb pagenum="2"/>ergo fundamentis rectè con&longs;titutis, reliqua omnia quæ &longs;uper&longs;truuntur, firma permanere & <arrow.to.target n="marg3"></arrow.to.target> per­<lb/><lb/>petuò durare po&longs;&longs;unt: &longs;i minus; quicquid adiicitur breui corruat nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t: &longs;ic de &longs;cienti&ecedil; prin­<lb/>cipiis, & fundamentis cogitare oportet. Exigua &longs;anè principia &longs;unt; at verò maximè pollent. <lb/>Ex quo efficitur, vt, quemadmodum in itinere faciendo paruus error ab initio maximus euadit <lb/>in extremo: &longs;ic principiis in methodo malè fundatis, demum longi&longs;simè aberremus à vero. <lb/>Vnico enim dato ab&longs;urdo plurima &longs;uccedunt. atque, vt monet Plato, velut in de&longs;cribendis figu­<lb/>ris mathematicis, &longs;i exiguum quoddam primum ignotum <expan abbr="fal&longs;um&qacute;">fal&longs;umque</expan>. &longs;it, reliqua deinceps multa <lb/>con&longs;entiunt. Neque verò &longs;ecus de principiorum con&longs;titutione iudicando e&longs;t quàm de con&longs;iliis <lb/>no&longs;tris euidi&longs;simus ille poëta cen&longs;uerit, ita &longs;cribens.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Siquam rem accures &longs;obriè & frugaliter,</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Solet illa rectè &longs;ub manus &longs;uccedere:</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Atque ædepol fermè vt qui&longs;que rem accurat &longs;uam,</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Sic ei procedit po&longs;t principia. Denique &longs;i malus,</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Aut nequam e&longs;t, malè res vertunt quas agit:</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Sin autem frugi e&longs;t, eueniunt frugaliter<emph.end type="italics"/>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Idcirco multùm principiis in&longs;i&longs;tendum, <expan abbr="diligenti&longs;sime&qacute;">diligenti&longs;simeque</expan>. con&longs;iderandum vtrum rectè nec'ne <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg4"></arrow.to.target><lb/>decernantur. his verò probè examinatis & qua&longs;i fundamentis benè iactis cætera cum ip&longs;is con­<lb/>gruenter &longs;ubiicere &longs;uccedet. No&longs;trum igitur in&longs;titutum e&longs;t nunc naturam motus accuratè per­<lb/>quirere & qua&longs;i in vnum breue corpus omnia cogere, qu&ecedil; pa&longs;sim ex communi &longs;en&longs;u doctorum <lb/>di&longs;cu&longs;&longs;a & à philo&longs;ophis acerrimè <expan abbr="varie&qacute;">varieque</expan>. di&longs;putata &longs;unt; <expan abbr="animi&qacute;">animique</expan>. no&longs;tri &longs;ententias de re ob&longs;cu­<lb/>ri&longs;sima pronunciare, <expan abbr="iudicium&qacute;">iudiciumque</expan>. no&longs;trum dimi&longs;&longs;o omni partium &longs;tudio liberè, at non licenter <lb/>interponere; quibus etiam non pauca de no&longs;tro contexuimus; nimis forta&longs;&longs;e confidenter eorum <lb/>iudicio, qui maximè tribuunt (vt certè <expan abbr="faciendũ">faciendum</expan> e&longs;t) auctoritati maiorum; verùm &longs;i &longs;ine animo iu­<lb/>dicare velint, & in intima no&longs;tra pr&ecedil;cordia penetrarint, vt proficiamus nos, & aliis prode&longs;&longs;e po&longs;­<lb/>&longs;imus, neque pœnas huius audaciæ declinemus, dum no&longs;trorum dictorum reddere rationem, <lb/>& meliora dicentibus au&longs;cultare parati &longs;umus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ip&longs;i pro viribus non omnium auctoritate <expan abbr="cõ-tempta">con­<lb/>tempta</expan> profiteamur, &longs;ed ad iudicia peritiorum exploremus illa, quæ aut o&longs;citante negligentia, <lb/>aut iniquitate factionum, aut etiam iniuria temporum à pura illa peripatetica di&longs;ciplina, anti­<lb/>qua illa quidem, non tamen eiu&longs;modi, quæ debuerit, vt iam cœpit, antiquari, tam longo tempo­<lb/>ris ætatum <expan abbr="regionum&qacute;">regionumque</expan>. tractu lap&longs;a fuerant: quibus item acce&longs;sit acre <expan abbr="&longs;tudiũ">&longs;tudium</expan> <expan abbr="cõcertationis">concertationis</expan>, quod <lb/><expan abbr="vnicuiq.">vnicuique</expan> propemodum in&longs;itum e&longs;t, atque innatum. <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> exardet facillimè, & animis no&longs;tris <arrow.to.target n="marg5"></arrow.to.target> in­<lb/><lb/>h&ecedil;ret tenaci&longs;simè; neque minus di&longs;trahit in diuer&longs;as opiniones, quàm <expan abbr="cuiu&longs;q.">cuiu&longs;que</expan> no&longs;trum cupidi­<lb/>tas ad varia &longs;tudia pro&longs;equenda <expan abbr="quacunq.">quacunque</expan> vel <expan abbr="&etilde;t">ent</expan> leui de cau&longs;&longs;a, quotidie nos incitet & impellat. <lb/>Neque <expan abbr="it&etilde;">item</expan> abhorret ab hac pe&longs;te con&longs;uetudo: permagni enim refert, quibus opinionibus <expan abbr="qui&longs;q.">qui&longs;que</expan> <lb/>ab initiis &longs;tudiorum &longs;it imbutus: etenim quemadmodum celeriter arripiuntur; ita diutius re­<lb/>tinentur, & à teneris annis amplexa vehementius amantur. ac veluti lanarum colores, quibus <lb/>&longs;implex ille candor mutatus e&longs;t, elui nequeunt; &longs;ic ea quæ rudes animi perceperunt non &longs;ine <lb/>&longs;ummo labore excutiuntur, quo fit etiam, vt cætera lentè <expan abbr="fa&longs;tidio&longs;e&qacute;">fa&longs;tidio&longs;eque</expan>. probentur; ne dixerim, <lb/>funditus repudientur & re&longs;puantur. Quamobrem ferunt Theodorum tragœdum nobili&longs;simum <lb/>nulli concedere con&longs;ue&longs;&longs;e, vt ante &longs;e prodiret in &longs;cenam, quia nimirùm primis auditionibus &longs;pe­<lb/>ctatorum animi nimium conciliarentur. Nos, quoad potuimus, Ari&longs;totelis vnius ve&longs;tigiis in­<lb/>h&ecedil;&longs;imus, & ex interpretum &longs;ententiis illas &longs;ecreuimus quas ab ip&longs;o Ari&longs;totele profici&longs;ci, &longs;i non <lb/>per&longs;picuum &longs;it; at nos ita e&longs;&longs;e per&longs;uadere conati &longs;umus; vt neque etiam nos indu&longs;tria no&longs;tra <lb/>minus confi&longs;i quàm approbati&longs;simorum hominum auctoritatem &longs;ecuti fui&longs;&longs;e, nec ab eorum <lb/>&longs;ententia, ni&longs;i coacti di&longs;ce&longs;si&longs;&longs;e iure optimo videri debeamus. Quæcunque tamen ea &longs;int, quæ <lb/>con&longs;crip&longs;imus, non &longs;ine pertinaci labore confecta &longs;unt. Sæpius enim <expan abbr="&longs;æpiu&longs;&qacute;">&longs;æpiu&longs;que</expan>. hæc animaduerte­<lb/>re oportebat: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> vt poëta ille monet (vtar hîc ego auctoritate <expan abbr="verbi&longs;&qacute;">verbi&longs;que</expan>. Platonis) ante <expan abbr="retro&qacute;">retroque</expan>. <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg6"></arrow.to.target><lb/>con&longs;picere, ne fortè deciperemur à nobis ip&longs;is: quaquidem fraude nulla magis e&longs;t capitalis: <lb/>quandò nunquam &longs;eductor abe&longs;t, nec vllo tempore à decepti latere diuellitur: <expan abbr="re&longs;&qacute;">re&longs;que</expan>. ip&longs;a &longs;e&longs;e <lb/>abdidit in profundum. &longs;i quidem ea &longs;it conditio principiorum, vt Tantum.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg6"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Sint infra nostros &longs;en&longs;us, <expan abbr="tanto&qacute;">tantoque</expan>. minora,</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Quàm quæ primùm oculi cœptant non po&longs;&longs;e tueri<emph.end type="italics"/>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Quo circa neque mirùm e&longs;&longs;e debet, &longs;i res aut minus iucunda, aut etiam grauior, <expan abbr="difficilior&qacute;">difficiliorque</expan>. <lb/>videatur, e&longs;t enim methodi no&longs;træ ianua tri&longs;ti&longs;sima: verùm &longs;i prima tempora toleraueris (qui <lb/>vnus e&longs;t labor) non dubito, quin mirifica voluptate complearis. <expan abbr="tibi&qacute;">tibique</expan>. memineris, in cape&longs;&longs;endis <lb/>phy&longs;ic&ecedil; principiis ita faciendum e&longs;&longs;e, velut iis, quos vexat febris, aut quorum pars aliqua com­<lb/>putruit, vt enim valeant, amari&longs;simos &longs;uccos bibere coguntur, cibis parcere, aridum quoque ne <lb/>colluant os frigida cauere; aut, quod grauius e&longs;t, ferrum <expan abbr="igne&longs;&qacute;">igne&longs;que</expan>. pati: &longs;ic tibi, vt animo valeas, <lb/><expan abbr="oĩa">oina</expan> ferre audendum e&longs;t; <expan abbr="eo&qacute;">eoque</expan>. magis, quo pretium maius e&longs;t animæ quam corpori, cuius morbus <lb/>e&longs;t in&longs;citia, &longs;alus autem di&longs;ciplina. En igitur naturæ primordia patefacta, quorum explicatione <pb pagenum="3"/> <arrow.to.target n="marg7"></arrow.to.target><lb/>vtêre, &longs;i voles: tu autem velle debebis, quòd res difficiles & tanti ponderis in vniuer&longs;a contem­<lb/>platione nunquam tractantur &longs;atis. Occa&longs;io vero &longs;cribendi voluminis ab ea controuer&longs;ia &longs;um­<lb/>pta e&longs;t, qu&ecedil; in Academia Pi&longs;ana inter no&longs;tros <expan abbr="collegarum&qacute;">collegarumque</expan>. auditores ex orta e&longs;t de motu elemen­<lb/>torum. Sed cùm multa quæ&longs;tio requireret, quæ de motu & natura generatim dicenda e&longs;&longs;ent, <lb/>primo con&longs;ilio &longs;ecundum &longs;ucce&longs;sit, vt de motu di&longs;ceptaremus vniuersè <expan abbr="eiu&longs;q.">eiu&longs;que</expan> cau&longs;as omnes, & <lb/>communiter & &longs;peciatim perquireremus, ac &longs;ingulas partes & membra intueremur, cuncta faci­<lb/>lius percipi po&longs;&longs;e &longs;perantes, &longs;i tota quæ&longs;tio &longs;cribendo explicaretur. Sed ne nimium longa &longs;u­<lb/>matur oratio, de re ip&longs;a iam dicere incipiamus. Cœptis no&longs;tris Deus a&longs;piret, vt quod illo au­<lb/>tore velle cœpimus, eodem etiam adiutore con&longs;equamur.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg7"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Generalia quædam capita tractantur de principiis &longs;cienti&ecedil; naturalis. Cap. I<emph.end type="italics"/>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>OPTIME verò factum e&longs;&longs;e arbitror, &longs;i in hac methodo bonos imitati mathematicos, aliqua <lb/>veluti fundamenta iaciamus, &longs;uper quib. <expan abbr="ædificiũ">ædificium</expan> hoc, quod tanto conatu <expan abbr="&longs;tudio&qacute;">&longs;tudioque</expan>; moli­<lb/>mur, extrui valeat. erunt verò hæc principia &longs;iue hypothe&longs;es, quibus phy&longs;ici &longs;ine demon&longs;tratione <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg8"></arrow.to.target><lb/>frequentius vtuntur, vt enim docet Proclus principia &longs;ecundum naturam &longs;unt in rebus quidem <lb/>cau&longs;&longs;a, vt finis; in definitionibus di&longs;tinctio; in demon&longs;trationibus & &longs;cientiis hypothe&longs;es, <emph type="sup"/>a<emph.end type="sup"/> quæ <arrow.to.target n="marg9"></arrow.to.target> ta­<lb/><lb/>met&longs;i ab Ari&longs;totele prætermi&longs;&longs;a nouimus, vt pote per&longs;picua, & &longs;iquando opus fuerit ex analyti­<lb/>co præcepto v&longs;urpata: <emph type="sup"/>b<emph.end type="sup"/> nihilominus prælibanda fuerunt propter illos, qui in hypothe&longs;ibus <arrow.to.target n="marg10"></arrow.to.target> phy­<lb/><lb/>&longs;icis imprudenter etiam numerant aliquot conclu&longs;iones & &longs;uis locis ab Ari&longs;totele demon&longs;tratas, <lb/>aut multas item prætereunt, quæ pa&longs;sim ab Ari&longs;totele ip&longs;o, aut &longs;ine admonitione accipiuntur, <lb/>aut declarantur &longs;olùm; & nulla vi &longs;yllogi&longs;tica allata per&longs;uadentur. Neque tamen exi&longs;times ve­<lb/>lim, me huc omnia conge&longs;si&longs;&longs;e, quæ à philo&longs;opho naturali &longs;ine demon&longs;tratione &longs;umuntur & &longs;o­<lb/>lo &longs;en&longs;us auxilio note&longs;cunt, nimis enim putidum atque importunum fui&longs;&longs;et &longs;ingula recen&longs;ere; <lb/>&longs;ed ea quæ perpetuò &longs;ic &longs;e habent, & ad cape&longs;&longs;enda proxima demon&longs;trationum principia con­<lb/>ferunt, <emph type="sup"/>c<emph.end type="sup"/> <expan abbr="vt&qacute;ue">vtque</expan> alienis verbis vtar, inducunt ad primæ certitudinis ordinem, cuiu&longs;modi non &longs;unt <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg11"></arrow.to.target><lb/>illa quòd homo &longs;edeat, aut tunica &longs;it alba: nihil enim hæc faciunt ad &longs;cientias, quanuis certi&longs;si­<lb/>ma &longs;int, atque ex iis illa enarrare quæ crebrius occurrunt & &longs;unt veluti radices, vnde tanquam <lb/>&longs;oboles, complures aliæ pululent. Neque id ob&longs;tabit, quominus in numero hypothe&longs;eon & <lb/>principiorum, quæ demon&longs;trari non po&longs;sint, aliqua reponantur, de quibus multa di&longs;putari <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg12"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;olent, & plura verba vltrò <expan abbr="citro&qacute;">citroque</expan>; haberi. nobis enim &longs;atis illud erit, &longs;i ita e&longs;&longs;e crediderint, qui <lb/>talia pronunciata oppugnant, licet voce aliter autument, <emph type="sup"/>d<emph.end type="sup"/> & locis probabilibus, &longs;eu potius <arrow.to.target n="marg13"></arrow.to.target> &longs;o­<lb/><lb/>phi&longs;ticis rem conficiant, nam parum à nob. hoc loco curabuntur: etenim verum cum vero per­<lb/>petuò congruit: fal&longs;um non modo à vero, &longs;ed à &longs;eip&longs;o per&longs;&ecedil;pe di&longs;&longs;entit. <emph type="sup"/>e<emph.end type="sup"/> Quanquam &longs;æpe <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg14"></arrow.to.target><lb/>euenit, vt quædam con&longs;picua &longs;int, &longs;i prima fronte &longs;pectentur; veruntamen intus latebr&ecedil; con­<lb/>duntur: hæ ni&longs;i intro&longs;piciantur, rei veritatem conturbare po&longs;&longs;unt: vt illa omnia ferè, quæ pri­<lb/>mo Phy&longs;. ab Ari&longs;totele commemorantur, & in confu&longs;a referuntur, etenim liquet omne id <lb/>quod fit, ex contrario fieri, &longs;iquis autem opponat materiam veluti non contrarium, ex qua <lb/>fiat id quod fit, verè opponet & per&longs;uadebit non omne id quod fit, ex contrario con&longs;titui, &longs;ic <lb/>principium noti&longs;simum concutere videbitur. Verùm nos hîc corticem duntaxat attingemus <lb/>po&longs;thàc peragraturi rece&longs;&longs;us; iis po&longs;itis qu&ecedil; qui&longs;que vir &longs;ani iudicij & in rerum naturalium con­<lb/>templatione ver&longs;atus, nec aliena con&longs;uetus audire, <expan abbr="&longs;imul&qacute;">&longs;imulque</expan>, analytic&ecedil; non ignarus facillimè da­<lb/>bit. probè &longs;cientes eum, qui mentis imbecillitate laborat, <emph type="sup"/>f<emph.end type="sup"/> parùm expertus, <emph type="sup"/>g<emph.end type="sup"/> aut ab alia <arrow.to.target n="marg15"></arrow.to.target> con&longs;uetu­<lb/><lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg16"></arrow.to.target><lb/>dine deflexus e&longs;t, & analytica negligens <emph type="sup"/>h<emph.end type="sup"/> ea frequenter approbare, quæ phy&longs;icus &longs;aluo &longs;uo iure <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg17"></arrow.to.target><lb/>non admitteret, & illorum demon&longs;trationes quærere, quæ per &longs;e ip&longs;a con&longs;picua &longs;unt, <emph type="sup"/>i<emph.end type="sup"/> aut contrà <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg18"></arrow.to.target><lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg19"></arrow.to.target><lb/>res ob&longs;curas accipere pro noti&longs;simis. Tali igitur auditori principia proponimus, qui futurus &longs;it <lb/>phy&longs;icus, nec aliarum &longs;cientiarum merita occupare decreuerit; ni&longs;i quantum h&ecedil;c velut à &longs;uperio­<lb/>re quem &longs;ubalternantem vocant, offerentur, aut etiam velut à mini&longs;tro Architectori, quem pri­<lb/>mum philo&longs;ophum, aut Theologum volumus e&longs;&longs;e, &longs;uppeditabuntur. Qu&ecedil; pluribus modis pri­<lb/>mùm di&longs;tribuentur, vt in &longs;uas cla&longs;&longs;es &longs;ine vllo negocio redigi po&longs;sint, deinde in v&longs;um quotidia­<lb/>num tanquam ex certo penu depromi. Ea verò nos in duo generalia capita partimur. &longs;unt enim <lb/>principia cognitionis &longs;olum, vel principia cognitionis & rei &longs;imul; &longs;iue complexa &longs;int, &longs;iue incom­<lb/>plexa, nihil refert, neque enim ita difficiles, aut moro&longs;i &longs;umus, vt ex huiu&longs;modi principiorum <lb/>ordine incomplexa expungamus; qui nouerimus Ari&longs;totelem ea pronunciare motione ignorata, <lb/>latere <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> quid &longs;it natura. <emph type="sup"/>k<emph.end type="sup"/> e&longs;t igitur motio, vt patet, principium cognitionis, <expan abbr="eadem&qacute;">eademque</expan>. vt <arrow.to.target n="marg20"></arrow.to.target> incom­<lb/><lb/>plexum, neque enim quæritur, an hoc vel illud moueatur; &longs;ed motio quid &longs;it, nec quenquam fu­<lb/>giat e&longs;&longs;e aliquod principium, quo termini cogno&longs;cuntur, ex quib. &longs;truitur demon&longs;tratio, <expan abbr="tanquã">tanquam</expan> <lb/>ex principiis cognitionis, <emph type="sup"/>l<emph.end type="sup"/> damus planè principia proxima <expan abbr="demon&longs;trationũ">demon&longs;trationum</expan> e&longs;&longs;e <expan abbr="cõplexa">complexa</expan>, <emph type="sup"/>m<emph.end type="sup"/> <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg21"></arrow.to.target><lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg22"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ita ab Ari&longs;totele principium primum demon&longs;trationis in &longs;uas partes fui&longs;&longs;e di&longs;tributum: at, quin <pb pagenum="4"/>incomplexa &longs;int principia, &longs;altem remota demon&longs;trationis & cognitionis a&longs;&longs;erere, mea quidem <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg23"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;ententia, non licet, <emph type="sup"/>a<emph.end type="sup"/> & duo prima illorum genera facimus. cognitionis inquàm & cognitionis & <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg24"></arrow.to.target><lb/>e&longs;&longs;e &longs;imul ea quæ &longs;int principia &longs;olius e&longs;&longs;e, nulla &longs;tatuimus, quod quidam aiunt: <emph type="sup"/>b<emph.end type="sup"/> quippe qui <arrow.to.target n="marg25"></arrow.to.target> le­<lb/><lb/>gerimus apud Ari&longs;totelem, <emph type="sup"/>c<emph.end type="sup"/> tum denique id concretum e&longs;t ex aliquibus rebus cogno&longs;ci, cum ex <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg26"></arrow.to.target><lb/>quib. & quot con&longs;tet, teneatur. Igitur omnia è quibus aliquid con&longs;tat, &longs;unt principia cognitio­<lb/>nis eius, nam quanuis ex illo ordine videatur e&longs;&longs;e materia, po&longs;tea docebimus, etiam materiam, <lb/>vbi fiat intelligenda, principium cognitionis euadere. Principia verò cognitionis tantum illa <lb/>&longs;unt, quæ nob. nota ab Ari&longs;totele ponuntur; &longs;iue ea &longs;int effectus proprij & per &longs;e, è quibus vt an­<lb/>tecedentibus demon&longs;tratio &longs;truitur à &longs;igno, & quorum facto quodam gyro mentis, quem regre&longs;­<lb/>&longs;um, &longs;eu circulum dicunt; intelligitur cau&longs;&longs;a ope demon&longs;trationis ip&longs;ius propter quid e&longs;t. Sine <lb/>etiam &longs;int alia adiacentia & comitantia rei. <emph type="sup"/>d<emph.end type="sup"/> Siquidem nil vertet, opinor, ea quæ &longs;unt nota nobis <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg27"></arrow.to.target><lb/>promi&longs;cuè & <expan abbr="cõmuniter">communiter</expan> ab omnibus &longs;cientiis v&longs;urpari, veluti de motu dictum e&longs;t, <emph type="sup"/>e<emph.end type="sup"/> quarum <arrow.to.target n="marg28"></arrow.to.target> om­<lb/><lb/>nium proprius non pote&longs;t e&longs;&longs;e motus, cùm toto genere di&longs;tinguantur, veluti naturalis & mathe­<lb/>matica. demon&longs;trationes autem ip&longs;ius quod e&longs;t aut eiu&longs;dem &longs;int &longs;cientiæ, qu&ecedil; docet cau&longs;&longs;am, <emph type="sup"/>f<emph.end type="sup"/> aut <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg29"></arrow.to.target><lb/>vbi vna ad alteram &longs;e habeat, vt inferior ad &longs;uperiorem. Quapropter hoc principiorum genus <lb/>ab altero &longs;eparatur, quia non obtinet vim cau&longs;&longs;æ. Secundum genus principiorum omne genus <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg30"></arrow.to.target><lb/>cau&longs;&longs;æ complectitur: quandò omnes cau&longs;&longs;&ecedil; generatim in demon&longs;trationibus a&longs;&longs;umi queunt, &longs;ed <lb/>præcipuè pertinet ad interna principia quæ &longs;unt materies & forma: quod tibi qui iam analytica <lb/>tracta&longs;ti pluribus <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> exponam, <emph type="sup"/>g<emph.end type="sup"/> nec in eo morabor quòd principia cognitionis virtute &longs;olum in <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg31"></arrow.to.target><lb/>demon&longs;tratione contineantur, principia verò rei comprehendantur actu; largior ero in a&longs;&longs;umen­<lb/>dis principiis cognitionis, & &longs;i quando opus fuerit, vt in demon&longs;tratione quòd e&longs;t, etiam nota no­<lb/>bis v&longs;urpabo. Quæcunque tamen principia &longs;int, idcirco principia &longs;unt, quia non requiritur <expan abbr="eo-rũ">eo­<lb/>rum</expan> demon&longs;tratio &longs;impliciter in ea methodo, in qua ponuntur: licet in alia quandoque <expan abbr="demõ&longs;tra-ri">demon&longs;tra­<lb/>ri</expan> queant, vt &longs;i principia fuerint methodi &longs;ubaltern&ecedil;: nil enim prohibet, quo minus habeant cau&longs;­<lb/>&longs;as &longs;uperiores, per quas o&longs;tendantur. Verùm in ea methodo, cuius principia &longs;unt, vt aliis modis <lb/>manife&longs;ta &longs;umuntur. Modi verò multi &longs;unt, ac &longs;i generales omnium modos recen&longs;ere libeat, <lb/>quibus principia tùm in philo&longs;ophia contemplante, tùm in agente, ac demum in &longs;cientiis, & arti­<lb/>bus <expan abbr="percipiũtur">percipiuntur</expan> & <expan abbr="cogno&longs;cũtur">cogno&longs;cuntur</expan> ex Ari&longs;totele recen&longs;ebo & explicabo, <emph type="sup"/>h<emph.end type="sup"/> aliquot alij &longs;anè <arrow.to.target n="marg32"></arrow.to.target> indican­<lb/><lb/>tur; &longs;ed nihil de illis &longs;peciatim dicitur. Vnus e&longs;t qui &longs;olum re&longs;picit eam philo&longs;ophiæ partem, <lb/>quæ po&longs;ita e&longs;t in agendo, e&longs;t verò per con&longs;uetudinem: quando nimirum bene maléue agendo &longs;ic <lb/>aut aliter a&longs;&longs;ueuimus, & ex actionis illius frequentia contrahimus habitum, quo &longs;ic aut aliter <arrow.to.target n="marg33"></arrow.to.target> iu­<lb/><lb/>dicare cogimur, vt qui furando &longs;æpius eua&longs;it in furem, furtum iudicat bonum, & hoc illi veluti <lb/>principium e&longs;t con&longs;uetudine partum furtum e&longs;&longs;e bonum. Reliqui modi in omne methodorum <lb/>genus conuenire po&longs;&longs;unt vt inductio, qua plurium &longs;ingularium &longs;imilitudo colligitur, <expan abbr="con&longs;imi-liq.">con&longs;imi­<lb/>lique</expan> modo &longs;en&longs;us. Nanque inductione percipimus, &longs;i ab æquis æqua demantur, æqua e&longs;&longs;e quæ <lb/>&longs;uper&longs;unt, &longs;en&longs;u cogno&longs;cimus aquam e&longs;&longs;e frigidam, & primas primorum corporum qualitates. <lb/>Aliis quoque modis principia no&longs;cuntur quos Ari&longs;toteles non exprimit. Sed optimè Auerroes, <lb/>optimè item Eu&longs;tratius enuclearunt. Auerroes inquiens &longs;ignificari vias illas, quæ nullam vim af­<lb/>ferunt menti, vt diui&longs;ionem, id quod etiam docuit Ari&longs;toteles, <emph type="sup"/>i<emph.end type="sup"/> cùm te&longs;tatus e&longs;t ea, quæ &longs;unt <arrow.to.target n="marg34"></arrow.to.target> no­<lb/><lb/>ta natura, nobis autem ignota, fieri nobis per&longs;picua diuidendo & re&longs;oluendo illa quæ nobis per­<lb/>&longs;picua &longs;unt. Additur item &longs;yllogi&longs;mus quem vocant hypotheticum per naturam, in quo nulla <lb/>extat vis dicti de omni, aut nullo, &longs;ed nece&longs;sitas &longs;ola con&longs;ecutionis, tùm quoque exemplum. <lb/>præterea &longs;i vera de v&longs;u dialectic&ecedil; prædicat Ari&longs;toteles, <emph type="sup"/>k<emph.end type="sup"/> ad idem valebunt arma dialectica. Nam <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg35"></arrow.to.target><lb/>præter c&ecedil;tera multum confert dialectica ad inuentionem principiorum, qu&ecedil; &longs;cienti&ecedil; &longs;ibi &longs;umunt. <lb/>Valet item ad hoc definitio principiorum, vt frigoris & caloris: quod item Socrates approbauit <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg36"></arrow.to.target><lb/>in principiis exquirendis, imò excogitauit. Nam duo &longs;unt quæ Socrati iure proprio tribui po&longs;­<lb/>&longs;unt, <emph type="sup"/>l<emph.end type="sup"/> inductiue orationes, & definitionum v&longs;us generatim. vtraque autem ad &longs;cientiæ principia <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg37"></arrow.to.target><lb/>conferunt. Magna etiam vis e&longs;t experientiæ quæ na&longs;citur ex memoria rerum quas &longs;en&longs;us &longs;emel <lb/>atque iterum &longs;uppeditat: nanque ex repetita &longs;en&longs;ione memoria propagatur: multæ verò eiu&longs;­<lb/>dem rei memori&ecedil; <expan abbr="pote&longs;tat&etilde;">pote&longs;tatem</expan> vnius experientiæ faciunt, <emph type="sup"/>m<emph.end type="sup"/> ex experimentis verò primorum <arrow.to.target n="marg38"></arrow.to.target> prin­<lb/><lb/>cipiorum cognitio gignitur. <expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> generatim id ab Ari&longs;totele pronunciatum. <emph type="sup"/>n<emph.end type="sup"/> Principia quæ <arrow.to.target n="marg39"></arrow.to.target> <expan abbr="&longs;e-cũdum">&longs;e­<lb/><lb/>cundum</expan> vnum quodque &longs;unt, experimenti e&longs;&longs;e tradere: <emph type="sup"/>o<emph.end type="sup"/> vt puta, a&longs;trologic&ecedil; di&longs;ciplin&ecedil; principia <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg40"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ex a&longs;trologica experientia colliguntur: nanque ob&longs;eruatis apparentibus quantum &longs;atis e&longs;t, inuen­<lb/>t&ecedil; &longs;unt a&longs;trologic&ecedil; demon&longs;trationes <expan abbr="con&longs;imili&qacute;">con&longs;imilique</expan>. modo principia &longs;e habent in alia <expan abbr="quacunq.">quacunque</expan> &longs;cien­<lb/>tia vel arte. Itaque experimentum ea &longs;ubmini&longs;trat, qu&ecedil; verè in&longs;unt in rebus quorum &longs;i nihil <lb/>omi&longs;&longs;um fuerit, in promptu erit illa demon&longs;trare, qu&ecedil; demon&longs;trationem recipiunt, cuius verò <lb/>non e&longs;t demon&longs;tratio &longs;uapte natura, cuiu&longs;modi &longs;unt principia quæ nos hoc ip&longs;o tempore tracta­<lb/>mus, ea manife&longs;ta facere. Quamobrem monente Ari&longs;totele plurimum pote&longs;t in &longs;cientiæ prin­<lb/>cipiis &longs;tatuendis experientia. Quo miror magis hoc caput ab Auerroe prætermi&longs;&longs;um. Ni&longs;i cum <pb pagenum="5"/> <arrow.to.target n="marg41"></arrow.to.target><lb/>eius a&longs;&longs;eclis defendamus experientiam cum con&longs;uetudine fui&longs;&longs;e numeratam, qua&longs;i idem &longs;int, aut <lb/>con&longs;uetudinem experientia con&longs;equatur, quippe quòd omnis con&longs;uetudo po&longs;tulet <expan abbr="experi&etilde;tiam">experientiam</expan>. <lb/>Atqui mihi magis iudicium Eu&longs;tratij probatur aliud facientis experientiam à con&longs;uetudine: <lb/><emph type="sup"/>a<emph.end type="sup"/> quoniam con&longs;uetudo ex actione &longs;uboritur, experientia ex ob&longs;eruatione, & collatione plurium <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg42"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;ingularium con&longs;imilium, vt quòd rhabarbarum purget flauam bilem, in hoc & illo ægroto ex­<lb/>perimur; nec quicquam propterea con&longs;ueuimus. Quoniam verò dicere po&longs;&longs;es non omnem pla­<lb/>nè &longs;ed aliquam experientiam cum con&longs;uetudine conuenire, o&longs;tendam ego id e&longs;&longs;e ex euento & <lb/>fortuitò, non nece&longs;&longs;ario & per &longs;e, quando multæ &longs;unt con&longs;uetudines, quæ &longs;ine vlla aduer&longs;ione, <lb/>&longs;en&longs;u notitiaúe contrahuntur, veluti quòd &longs;ibi qui&longs;piam vellicet barbam, aut curuus incedat, &longs;ine <lb/>illis verò nulla experientia <expan abbr="cõ&longs;tare">con&longs;tare</expan> pote&longs;t, quid .n. ob&longs;ecrò experimenti facies, ni&longs;i aduerteris? quid <lb/>aduerteris, ni&longs;i noueris aut &longs;en&longs;eris? Hæc quidem omnia, quæ nuper commemorauimus <expan abbr="princi-piorũ">princi­<lb/>piorum</expan> <expan abbr="notitiã">notitiam</expan> faciunt, offerentia terminos menti, quos &longs;imulac ip&longs;a <expan abbr="cont&etilde;plata">contemplata</expan> fuerit, ita e&longs;&longs;e certi&longs;­<lb/>&longs;imè cogno&longs;cit & maximè credit, & ad eorum normam refert omnia, quæ con&longs;equuntur. Sed <lb/>cum è principiis rerum nonnulla &longs;int euidentia, neque præmon&longs;tratorem po&longs;tulent, alia recon­<lb/>dita &longs;int & ignota nobis ea quæ paulò ante recen&longs;uimus, omne principiorum genus <arrow.to.target n="marg43"></arrow.to.target> amplectun­<lb/><lb/>tur, &longs;iue notum &longs;it nobis &longs;iue ignotum. Verumenimuero con&longs;ilium no&longs;trum e&longs;t in naturalis &longs;cien­<lb/>tiæ ve&longs;tibulo con&longs;tituere illa quæ &longs;ine acri ratione note&longs;cunt, & in notis nobis <expan abbr="collocãtur">collocantur</expan>, &longs;iue &longs;int <lb/>po&longs;teriora, &longs;eu priora natura, quæ de domo quicunque afferre &longs;olet, aut paucis admonitus à præ­<lb/>ceptore, admittere; quæ in &longs;en&longs;u & experientia poni dicimus, & accipi ita e&longs;&longs;e &longs;olum, quia &longs;cili­<lb/>cet nulla eorum cau&longs;&longs;a afferatur. Quocirca dictum quoque e&longs;t ab Ari&longs;totele <emph type="sup"/>b<emph.end type="sup"/> quòd ita &longs;it, e&longs;&longs;e <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg44"></arrow.to.target><lb/>principium, non illud &longs;anè, quod legitur 2. Po&longs;t. <emph type="sup"/>c<emph.end type="sup"/> & e&longs;t in numero quæ&longs;tionum, quod falsò <arrow.to.target n="marg45"></arrow.to.target> non­<lb/><lb/>nulli Ethicorum interpretes opinantur; &longs;ed id, quod numeratur in præcognitis. Etenim prin­<lb/>cipia &longs;ic præno&longs;cuntur, quòd &longs;unt. In phy&longs;icis autem à &longs;en&longs;u, & experientia trahunt originem, <lb/>his verò nititur inductio, quæ principiis proximè terminatur; vnde mini&longs;terio facultatis &longs;entien­<lb/>tis opera mentis &longs;uccedit. Hinc pendet vniuer&longs;a fides, qu&ecedil; demon&longs;trationibus habetur, quia per <lb/>&longs;e credunt, atque ita, vt cæteris, quæ deducuntur ab ip&longs;is, fidem communicent: neque enim cau&longs;­<lb/>&longs;a vlla e&longs;t, cur vera &longs;int: &longs;ed quod ita principiorum termini &longs;e habent, vt aut indi&longs;&longs;olubili vincu­<lb/>lo connectantur, aut quòd alter alterius rationem compleat. Ideo no&longs;cimus & credimus, quia <lb/>nouit mens eorum terminos, <expan abbr="vtro&longs;q.">vtro&longs;que</expan> &longs;en&longs;u indicante, atque ita certò vt de illorum connexione <lb/>non dubitet. Neque enim volumus e&longs;&longs;entialem illam connexionem quam aiunt imitatores <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg46"></arrow.to.target><lb/>Auerrois, in vno indiuiduo percipi, aut ab vna inductionis particula &longs;ignificari, &longs;ed inductione <lb/>iam ab&longs;oluta, vt conuenit, quæ illic terminatur, vnde non &longs;uccurrit aliquod indiuiduum aliter <lb/>&longs;e habens: <emph type="sup"/>d<emph.end type="sup"/> mentem protinus illam connexionem e&longs;&longs;entialem per&longs;picere: ob <expan abbr="eam&qacute;">eamque</expan>. rem melius <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg47"></arrow.to.target><lb/>affecti &longs;umus ad principia, quàm ad ea, quæ per demon&longs;trationem concepimus. Sed enim, quia <lb/>primus eorum exortus e&longs;t à &longs;en&longs;u, ip&longs;i verò præ&longs;entantur confu&longs;æ quædam &longs;pecies, & inh&ecedil;rentia <lb/>cum &longs;ubiectis, quibus inhærent, vt ri&longs;us compos in &longs;ub&longs;tantia, & in linea punctum, atque in &longs;ub­<lb/>&longs;tantia &longs;en&longs;ili principium motas. Tum etiam, quòd tamet&longs;i incomplexa &longs;unt principia cogni­<lb/>tionis, &longs;unt tamen remota: pronunciata verò & propo&longs;itiones &longs;unt proxima principia cognitio­<lb/>nis, & demon&longs;trationis; ex hoc efficitur, vt non incomplexa pro principiis ab Ari&longs;totele &longs;tatuan­<lb/>tur; &longs;ed &longs;ub forma hypothe&longs;eon, neque quòd &longs;int &longs;impliciter, vt plurimum pronunciamus; &longs;ed <lb/>vt inhærentia &longs;umimus, vbi e&longs;&longs;e adiacet, & pr&ecedil;dicatur. Itaque non dicimus &longs;æpius e&longs;&longs;e motum, <lb/>&longs;eu multitudinem, neque item e&longs;&longs;e naturam; quoniam hæc &longs;ine &longs;ub&longs;tantia &longs;en&longs;ili non exi&longs;tunt, <lb/>&longs;ed ita pronunciamus. <emph type="sup"/>e<emph.end type="sup"/> Omnia aut quædam moueri: multa e&longs;&longs;e ea, quæ &longs;unt &longs;iue genere, &longs;eu <arrow.to.target n="marg48"></arrow.to.target> &longs;pe­<lb/><lb/>cie, aut numero, alii&longs;úe differentia modis. &longs;iquidem omnes has di&longs;tinctiones &longs;en&longs;us ip&longs;e patefa­<lb/>ciat <emph type="sup"/>f<emph.end type="sup"/> res &longs;en&longs;iles initia motus in &longs;eip&longs;is habere & c&ecedil;tera huiu&longs;modi. Atque hactenus de <arrow.to.target n="marg49"></arrow.to.target> gene­<lb/><lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg50"></arrow.to.target><lb/>rali principiorum con&longs;titutione dictum &longs;it, ad &longs;pecialia de&longs;cendamus.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg8"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg9"></margin.target>a 2. in <lb/>Tim.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg10"></margin.target>b 1. Po&longs;t. <lb/>T. 25.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg11"></margin.target>c Abuma <lb/>zar.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg12"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg13"></margin.target>d 4. Met. <lb/>T. 9.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg14"></margin.target>e 1. Pri. &longs;eg. <lb/>3. <lb/>1. Eth. c. 9.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg15"></margin.target>f 8. Phy&longs;. <lb/>Tt. 22. 26.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg16"></margin.target>g 1. Phy&longs;. <lb/>T. 71. <lb/>1. De ortu.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg17"></margin.target>h 2. Met. <lb/>T. 14. <lb/>7. Eth. c. <lb/>10. <lb/>De Mem. <lb/>cap. 3.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg18"></margin.target>i Met. T. <lb/>26.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg19"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg20"></margin.target>k Phy&longs;. T. <lb/>1.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg21"></margin.target>l 1. Po&longs;t. <lb/>T. 6.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg22"></margin.target>m 1 Po&longs;t. <lb/>Tt. 5. 25.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg23"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg24"></margin.target>a Zim. <lb/>Tab. ¤. <lb/>principia <lb/><expan abbr="&longs;ci&etilde;ti&ecedil;">&longs;cienti&ecedil;</expan> na­<lb/>turalis.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg25"></margin.target>b Iand. 1. <lb/>Phy&longs;. <expan abbr="q.">que</expan> 7.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg26"></margin.target>c 1. Phy&longs;. <lb/>T. 35.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg27"></margin.target>d 10. <expan abbr="Grã-mat">Gran­<lb/>mat</expan>. 1. Po­<lb/>&longs;ter. c. 25.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg28"></margin.target>e 8. Phy&longs;. <lb/>T. 22.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg29"></margin.target>f 1. Po&longs;t. <lb/>T. 30.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg30"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg31"></margin.target>g 1. Ven.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg32"></margin.target>h 1 Eth. <lb/>cap. 7.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg33"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg34"></margin.target>i 1. Phy&longs;. <lb/>T. 3.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg35"></margin.target>k 1. Top. <lb/>cap. 2.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg36"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg37"></margin.target>l 8. Met. <lb/>cap. 4.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg38"></margin.target>m 2. Po&longs;t. <lb/>T. vlt.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg39"></margin.target>n 1. Prin. <lb/>&longs;eg. 2.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg40"></margin.target>o 1. Met. <lb/>&longs;um. 1.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg41"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg42"></margin.target>a 1. de ar­<lb/>te dicendi <lb/>cap. 10.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg43"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg44"></margin.target>b 1. Eth. <lb/>cap. 7.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg45"></margin.target>c T. 1.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg46"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg47"></margin.target>d 8. Top.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg48"></margin.target>e 1. Phy&longs;. <lb/>T. 9. <lb/>8. Phy&longs;. <lb/>T. 22.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg49"></margin.target>f 10. Met. <lb/>T. 12.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg50"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Distributio principiorum no&longs;tr&ecedil; methodi ponitur, & leuiter aliqua ad ip&longs;a <lb/>pertinentia tanguntur. Cap. II<emph.end type="italics"/>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>QVIA methodus omnis ex duabus partibus componitur modo &longs;ciendi nimirùm & &longs;cien­<lb/>tia. <emph type="sup"/>g<emph.end type="sup"/> Nece&longs;&longs;e enim e&longs;t, in quaque methodo no&longs;cere quatenus aliquid tractandum e&longs;t, <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg51"></arrow.to.target><lb/>quibus viis atque rationibus confirmandum, & quo quidque loco di&longs;ponendum. Scientia rem <lb/>ip&longs;am declarante & definiente, demon&longs;trante, & docente; etiam methodi principia ad h&ecedil;c duo <lb/>capita commodè referri poterunt; erunt enim aliqua principia, quæ modum &longs;ciendi &longs;pectabunt, <lb/>nonnulla quæ &longs;cientiam re&longs;picient. Verum &longs;icut in methodo ratio tractandi, &longs;eu modus &longs;ciendi <lb/>&longs;cientiæ præponendus e&longs;t, <emph type="sup"/>h<emph.end type="sup"/> etenim ab&longs;onum e&longs;t vnà &longs;cientiam <expan abbr="modum&qacute;">modumque</expan>; &longs;ciendi quærere: &longs;ic <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg52"></arrow.to.target><lb/>de principus, quæ pertinent ad modum tractandi, priore loco verba faciemus. Atque ea qui­<lb/>dem non pauca &longs;unt, horum primas &longs;ibi vendicat, cum in omni contemplatione, tùm maximè in <pb pagenum="6"/>philo&longs;ophia naturali, quòd ab Ari&longs;totele crebrò pr&ecedil;ceptum & celebratum e&longs;t, &longs;tandum e&longs;&longs;e <arrow.to.target n="marg53"></arrow.to.target> iu­<lb/><lb/>dicio &longs;en&longs;us. Etenim et&longs;i generale e&longs;t in omni contemplatione &longs;en&longs;us officium: quia nihil e&longs;t in <lb/>phanta&longs;ia mentéue quod fores &longs;en&longs;uum non pepulerit, &longs;iue ex toto, vt in vera phanta&longs;ia, &longs;iue ex <lb/>parte, vt in fictione chim&ecedil;ræ, &longs;iuè proximè & per &longs;e, vt plenum, &longs;iue per aliud, vt inane, ac <expan abbr="cuiu&longs;q.">cuiu&longs;que</expan> <lb/>rei &longs;en&longs;u deficiente, eiu&longs;dem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> in &longs;cientia deficies, nec ni&longs;i de nomine di&longs;putatio fieri po&longs;sit. <lb/>At hoc in phy&longs;iologia poti&longs;simè requiritur. Nam &longs;i philo&longs;ophus naturalis in rerum &longs;en&longs;ilium con­<lb/>templatione ver&longs;atur, earum verò nullus melior iudex e&longs;&longs;e pote&longs;t quàm &longs;en&longs;us <emph type="sup"/>a<emph.end type="sup"/> profectò <arrow.to.target n="marg54"></arrow.to.target> maxi­<lb/><lb/>mum &longs;en&longs;us habebit in hac philo&longs;ophia momentum, v&longs;que adeò, vt qui rerum illarum, quæ &longs;ic <lb/>euidentes & per&longs;picuæ &longs;unt, velut illud e&longs;t, quòd &longs;it motus, demon&longs;trationem quærit, quæ do­<lb/>ceat e&longs;&longs;e motum, non po&longs;sit di&longs;cernere id, quod per &longs;e ip&longs;um votum e&longs;t ab eo, quod e&longs;t per &longs;e ob­<lb/>&longs;curum, nec per&longs;picere, cùm <expan abbr="cuiu&longs;q.">cuiu&longs;que</expan> rationis antecedens notius e&longs;&longs;e oporteat eo, quod &longs;equitur; <lb/>nihil occurrere po&longs;&longs;e, quod fit eo notius, quod ip&longs;e con&longs;equens facit, idcirco &longs;ic mente obc&ecedil;ca­<lb/>tus e&longs;t, vt ne&longs;ciat quid admittat aut re&longs;puat demon&longs;trationem. <emph type="sup"/>b<emph.end type="sup"/> Propterea cum eo <arrow.to.target n="marg55"></arrow.to.target> compara­<lb/><lb/>tur, qui cæcus e&longs;t ab ortu; cum enim colorum vires ignoret, &longs;iquando di&longs;&longs;erat de illis, &longs;olùm no­<lb/>mina ponit in medio; quorum nomina &longs;int nota, pror&longs;us ignorat. <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> & ille qui demon&longs;tratio­<lb/>nem requiret eius quod quippiam moueatur, nominis &longs;olius habebit rationem, nec quid eo <arrow.to.target n="marg56"></arrow.to.target> no­<lb/><lb/>mine &longs;ignificetur, vtique nouerit. qui certè &longs;i no&longs;&longs;et; tantum abe&longs;t, vt illa demon&longs;trare conare­<lb/>tur, vt potius in aliorum demon&longs;tratione v&longs;urparet. Multo maior error committetur, &longs;i ratio <lb/>rei ve&longs;tigabitur, cuius oppo&longs;itum &longs;en&longs;us iudicabit, vt illi fecere, qui vniuer&longs;a quie&longs;cere profiteban­<lb/>tur, <expan abbr="eiu&longs;&qacute;">eiu&longs;que</expan>. euenti rationes indagabant. <emph type="sup"/>c<emph.end type="sup"/> multo enim melius nos habemus ad h&ecedil;c, quæ mon&longs;trat <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg57"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;en&longs;us, quàm &longs;i vlla ratio ad id o&longs;tendendum accommodari po&longs;&longs;et, atque is qui ita progreditur, <lb/>male iudicat, quid melius peiu&longs;úe &longs;it, quid credendum, & non credendum, nec principium di­<lb/>&longs;tinguit ab eo quod non e&longs;t principium, <emph type="sup"/>d<emph.end type="sup"/> & in &longs;umma rerum ignoratione ver&longs;atur. Etenim ad <arrow.to.target n="marg58"></arrow.to.target> ali­<lb/><lb/>quod primum a&longs;cendendum e&longs;t, <emph type="sup"/>e<emph.end type="sup"/> quod in alia notiora di&longs;&longs;olui nequeat, vnde fides in aliorum <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg59"></arrow.to.target><lb/>confirmationem ducatur aliter, vel ex infinitate principiorum vniuer&longs;a &longs;cientia funditus euerte­<lb/>retur, aut exordiatur ab ignoto. <emph type="sup"/>f<emph.end type="sup"/> Hoc verò primum dictatur à &longs;en&longs;u. Quamobrem qui magis <arrow.to.target n="marg60"></arrow.to.target> ver­<lb/><lb/>&longs;ati &longs;unt in naturalibus magis recipiunt principia quæ cum rerum natura con&longs;entiant, & valde <lb/>accommodata &longs;int ad efficiendam &longs;cientiam. &longs;uppeditat enim copia multarum demon&longs;tratio­<lb/>num, quarum auxilio rem intro&longs;piciant. eaque diligenter animaduer&longs;a, con&longs;iderata tarditate <lb/>iudicium faciant cum ceteroquin illi qui dimi&longs;&longs;a rerum ob&longs;eruatione &longs;olam rationem per&longs;e­<lb/>quuntur pauca re&longs;picientes de rebus ob&longs;curi&longs;simis ex tempore temereque effutiant. <emph type="sup"/>g<emph.end type="sup"/> Siquidem <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg61"></arrow.to.target><lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg62"></arrow.to.target><lb/>con&longs;entaneum &longs;it iudicare ex euentis, & ex fine poti&longs;simum. Atqui finis &longs;cientiæ naturalis e&longs;t <lb/>eorum &longs;peculatio, quæ &longs;emper proprie &longs;en&longs;ui &longs;e obijciunt. <emph type="sup"/>h<emph.end type="sup"/> quod cum illi non intueantur. in <arrow.to.target n="marg63"></arrow.to.target> pe&longs;­<lb/><lb/>&longs;imos errores inducuntur. <expan abbr="Itaq;">Itaque</expan> illa ponenda in hac philo&longs;ophia quæ cum &longs;en&longs;ilibus congruant. <lb/>Quin &longs;iquando ratio quippiam mon&longs;tret, & po&longs;tea &longs;en&longs;us indicet rem aliter &longs;e habere, &longs;en&longs;ui <lb/>magis erit quam rationi fides habenda. <expan abbr="Solum&qacute;ue">Solumque</expan> rationi illi credendum e&longs;t: &longs;i ea quæ demon­<lb/>&longs;trantur cum rebus ijs con&longs;entiant, quæ &longs;en&longs;u percipiuntur. <emph type="sup"/>i<emph.end type="sup"/> Igitur in hac philo&longs;ophia cuncta <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg64"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ad &longs;en&longs;um referenda erunt. Audi verò tu nunc firmum iudicium Ari&longs;totelis, de con&longs;truendis <lb/>rationibus ac mea quidem &longs;ententia, in omni philo&longs;ophia generatim, præcipuè verò in natura­<lb/>li: <emph type="sup"/>k<emph.end type="sup"/> iubet enim, vt no&longs;trarum rationum principium non à quauis &longs;ententia: &longs;ed à firmi&longs;sima <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg65"></arrow.to.target><lb/>quaque ducatur huiu&longs;modi verò e&longs;t, quam &longs;emper, e&longs;&longs;e oportet, aut quæ ex con&longs;imilibus o&longs;ten­<lb/>ditur. Atque vbi duæ &longs;int &longs;ententiæ repugnantes, quarum altera alteram tollat, illa recipienda, <lb/>quæ firmior: ea verò e&longs;t, quæ credibilior, & quæ &longs;emper citius ab omnibus quàm altera admit­<lb/>tatur. Itaque & quod ex tali &longs;ententia con&longs;equitur, magis approbandum, & illud repudian­<lb/>dum, quod efficitur ex oppo&longs;ita. <expan abbr="Duo&qacute;ue">Duoque</expan> huius vitij traduntur exempla ab Ari&longs;totele. alterum <lb/>&longs;anè à di&longs;putatione Parmenidis acceptum, atque alterum à ratione Xenophanis. Atque ille <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg66"></arrow.to.target><lb/>quidem motum &longs;ine vacuo fieri non po&longs;&longs;e &longs;tatuens, ex eo quod vacuum non e&longs;&longs;et, tollebat <lb/>etiam motum. Et tamen &longs;i hæc &longs;ecum conferantur, & facilius qui&longs;que vacuum e&longs;&longs;e dabit, quàm <lb/>neget motum. Quapropter accipiendum e&longs;t potius e&longs;&longs;e motum, & ex eo vacuum e&longs;&longs;e conclu­<lb/>dendum quàm motus vacui &longs;ublatione tollendus. Xenophanes autem &longs;ic ratiocinabatur, ex <lb/>nihilo nihil fit. Ergo ens infinitum & æternum. Non igitur motus. Tamen qui&longs;que promptius <lb/>dabit ex nihilo aliquid fieri, vt etiam multi dedere, & fides no&longs;tra pro certo habet quàm reij­<lb/>ciat motum. Proinde &longs;ic potius concludendum fuerat. Motus e&longs;t. Ergo ex nihilo aliquid fit; <lb/>quàm vt fecit Xenophanes. & fide nitendum, quam præ&longs;tat &longs;en&longs;us, qui &longs;i quandoque decipitur; <lb/>non id perpetuo neque in omnibus efficit. Neque verò id huius philo&longs;ophiæ proprium e&longs;t: &longs;ed <lb/>omnis artis atque &longs;cientiæ apud Ari&longs;totelem. Nam quòd ille futurus &longs;it huius methodi norma <lb/>per&longs;picuum e&longs;t, ex eo loco, <emph type="sup"/>l<emph.end type="sup"/> quo comparat rerum diuinarum cognitionem cum &longs;cientia <arrow.to.target n="marg67"></arrow.to.target> morta­<lb/><lb/>lium, &longs;iquidem tamet&longs;i pauca admodum de illis a&longs;&longs;erere philo&longs;ophis licet; contemplationis <lb/>nobilitate compen&longs;et hoc damnum, ac dum eius difficultatis cau&longs;&longs;am reddit, id vniuer&longs;um tri­ <pb pagenum="7"/> <arrow.to.target n="marg68"></arrow.to.target><lb/>buit imbecillitati &longs;en&longs;uum humanorum. Minus enim, inquit, diuinam partem contemplari <lb/>contingit quòd non multum illius pateat &longs;en&longs;ui, cuius beneficio tum de ea ip&longs;a parte diuina, <lb/>tum de ijs, qu&ecedil; no&longs;&longs;e cupimus, facultas cogitandi, & indagandi nobis &longs;uppetat. Sed ad alias <lb/>quoque artes translatum e&longs;t ab Ari&longs;totele huiu&longs;modi pr&ecedil;ceptum, quippe qui clari&longs;simè te&longs;tetur, <lb/>deficiente aliquo &longs;en&longs;u deperire item cum eo aliquam &longs;cientiam, vt vi&longs;u deficiente colorum, <lb/>auditu verò &longs;onorum. <emph type="sup"/>a<emph.end type="sup"/> Quapropter &longs;i &longs;aluo homine &longs;en&longs;us vniuer&longs;i tollerentur, continuo <arrow.to.target n="marg69"></arrow.to.target> quo­<lb/><lb/>que omni &longs;cientia priuaremur. Idem quoque mon&longs;trat &longs;cientiæ cuiu&longs;que principia colligi per <lb/>inductionem, & à &longs;en&longs;u deduci. <emph type="sup"/>b<emph.end type="sup"/> Pertinet & eadem norma ad illa principia, quibus vtitur <arrow.to.target n="marg70"></arrow.to.target> ci­<lb/><lb/>uilis philo&longs;ophus, nam &longs;iue re&longs;piciant rerum veritatem, atque naturam, &longs;iue actionem; in &longs;en­<lb/>&longs;um nece&longs;&longs;ariò re&longs;oluuntur: quando ad rerum veritatem perno&longs;cendam requiratur inductio, <lb/>quæ e&longs;t de &longs;en&longs;ilibus; ad actionem verò con&longs;uetudo, <emph type="sup"/>c<emph.end type="sup"/> quæ exoritur ex frequenti v&longs;u <arrow.to.target n="marg71"></arrow.to.target> &longs;ingula­<lb/><lb/>rium. Valeat ergo Parmenides, qui iudicium &longs;en&longs;us omnino detrectat & ita pr&ecedil;cipit impuden­<lb/>ti&longs;sime, licet habuerit a&longs;&longs;eclam Hippocratem, qui ne&longs;cio qua ratione ductus <foreign lang="greek">th_s gnw/mhsi+n</foreign>, id <lb/>e&longs;t menti non &longs;en&longs;ui fidere nos voluit.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg51"></margin.target>g Primo <lb/>de part. <lb/>an. cap. 1.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg52"></margin.target>h 2. Met. <lb/>T. 15. <lb/>Galen. 2. <lb/>de temp. <lb/>c. 2.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg53"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg54"></margin.target>a 4. Mete­<lb/>or. T. 29.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg55"></margin.target>b 2. Phy&longs;. <lb/>T. 6.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg56"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg57"></margin.target>c 8. Phy&longs;. <lb/>T. 22.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg58"></margin.target>d 8. Phy&longs;. <lb/>T. 26.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg59"></margin.target>e Galen. <lb/>ad Hiero­<lb/>nem. <lb/>4. Met. T. 9.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg60"></margin.target>f 1. Po&longs;t. <lb/>T. 6.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg61"></margin.target>g 1. de Ge­<lb/>ner. 7. T.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg62"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg63"></margin.target>h 3. De c&ecedil;­<lb/>lo T. 61.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg64"></margin.target>i 3. de Ge­<lb/>ner. an. c. <lb/>10.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg65"></margin.target>k Lib. de <lb/>plac. cap. 1.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg66"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg67"></margin.target>l 1. de par <lb/><gap/> an cap. 5.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg68"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg69"></margin.target>a 1. Po&longs;t.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg70"></margin.target>b 2. Po&longs;t.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg71"></margin.target>c 1. Eth.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Neu faxit Deus (inquit ille) vt pateat tibi &longs;emita &longs;enus</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Neue oculus fallax, aut lingua auri&longs;úe &longs;onora<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg72"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg72"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Decipiat, varium ratio det rebus honorem<emph.end type="italics"/>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Quantò rectius vetus ille quidem inter Latinos, &longs;ed eleganti&longs;simus & iudicio eruditi&longs;simus <lb/>poëta cecinit ea de &longs;en&longs;u?</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Communis dedicat e&longs;&longs;e</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Sen&longs;us, cui ni&longs;i prima fides fundata valebit,</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Haud erit occultis de rebus, quò referentes</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Confirmare animos quicquam ratione queamus<emph.end type="italics"/>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Nollem hic multus e&longs;&longs;e: veruntamen ad &longs;e rapit me Galenus <emph type="sup"/>d<emph.end type="sup"/> & eorum in&longs;citiam redarguens, </s></p> <p type="main"> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg73"></arrow.to.target><lb/>qui fidem facere &longs;tudent ex ijs quæ adhuc ignorantur, cum ceteroquin ea quæ &longs;umuntur ad de­<lb/>mon&longs;trationem vel euidentia &longs;int oportet, vel antea demon&longs;trata: & rerum &longs;en&longs;ilium legitimum <lb/>iudicem clamans e&longs;&longs;e &longs;en&longs;um, vt pote tactum primarum qualitatum. Nam &longs;i alia via, inquit, <lb/>&longs;uccurrat, qua illæ no&longs;cuntur, eam quæ&longs;o demon&longs;trent. inauditam enim &longs;apientiam promit­<lb/>tunt, immo, &longs;i verum fateri licet, &longs;tuporem potius, &longs;i quidem rerum &longs;en&longs;ilium meliorem &longs;e iu­<lb/>dicem habere putent, quàm &longs;it ip&longs;e &longs;en&longs;us. ac &longs;i de rebus &longs;en&longs;ilibus demon&longs;trationes inquirunt, <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg74"></arrow.to.target><lb/>iam de niue di&longs;putandum erit, &longs;it ne candida cen&longs;enda, quemadmodum omnibus apparet: an­<lb/>atra potius, vt pr&ecedil;dicabat Anaxagoras; & de pice &longs;imiliter: neque enim, &longs;i vi&longs;ui de albo, quod <lb/>viderit, fides habenda non e&longs;t, de nigro &longs;ine demon&longs;tratione credendum erit. Omnia igitur quæ <lb/>&longs;en&longs;ui apparent, &longs;i iam fide carere dicunt: nec cygnum e&longs;&longs;e album fateantur, ni&longs;i prius id ratio­<lb/>ne con&longs;pexerint, neque diem neque Solem. ad eundem modum & de voce auribus fidem ab­<lb/>rogent & de odore naribus & de omni tactili ip&longs;i &longs;en&longs;ui tactus. Quæ &longs;anè nihil di&longs;tant ab hæ &longs;i­<lb/>tationibus & nugis Pyrrhonianis. Aequum verò fuerat eos qui optimam &longs;ectam in philo&longs;ophia <lb/>delegi&longs;&longs;ent, quæ primas qualitates per elementa principiaque ponit, non tam de&longs;ciui&longs;&longs;e à com­<lb/>muni hominum &longs;en&longs;u, vt, quæ omnis demon&longs;trationis principia &longs;unt & quæ &longs;en&longs;ui mentique <lb/>patent, non cogno&longs;cerent. Et profecto qui&longs;quis de his addubitat, fru&longs;tra de alijs inquirit, vt po­<lb/>te nil &longs;ibi relinquens, vnde &longs;it incepturus. Sed illud vnum prauorum dogmatum principium e&longs;t, <lb/>nihil de demon&longs;tratione prius meditatum &longs;imul res ip&longs;as inquirere: veluti, quid nam demon­<lb/>&longs;tratio &longs;it, demon&longs;trare tentare. Placet &longs;anè mihi Diogenes, qui cùm de motu interrogaretur, <lb/>nihil quidem re&longs;pondit, &longs;ed &longs;urgens ambulauit, per ip&longs;am euidentiam &longs;ophi&longs;tæ &longs;en&longs;um expro­<lb/>brans, & planè, qui hæc non norunt egent &longs;en&longs;u, ne dicam pœna, <emph type="sup"/>e<emph.end type="sup"/> vt &longs;iquis ignem calidum <arrow.to.target n="marg75"></arrow.to.target> e&longs;­<lb/><lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg76"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;e non &longs;entiat, conijciatur in ignem. Non e&longs;t ocium nunc de fide &longs;en&longs;ibus adhibenda di&longs;putare. <lb/>Satis &longs;it hunc rerum naturalium e&longs;&longs;e debere normam, & regulam qua cuncta exploremus, <emph type="sup"/>f<emph.end type="sup"/> <arrow.to.target n="marg77"></arrow.to.target> ne­<lb/><lb/>que ab eius iudicio ne latum quidem vnguem di&longs;cedemus. Ei primò vel omnium maximè &longs;e&longs;e <lb/>offert motus: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> nos ad contemplationem primus excitauit, cuius cum principia qu&ecedil;rerentur <lb/>effectum e&longs;t, vt naturalis omnium prima philo&longs;ophia &longs;tatueretur: nec vero quòd omnes &longs;cientiæ <lb/>motum adhibeant, vel cogitando, vel ex motu ratiocinando, vel etiam ficto motu ad maiorem <lb/>explicationem, veluti mathematici, dum ex fluxu puncti lineam ex huius item fluxu &longs;uperfi­<lb/>ciem, & ex &longs;uperficiei fluxu corpus efformant. Neque hæc eò dicimus, quominus arbitremur <lb/>magnam quoque rationem mentis e&longs;&longs;e habendam: &longs;ed, vt &longs;eligamus illud mentis iudicium de <lb/>rebus ab&longs;tru&longs;is quas &longs;en&longs;us attingere nequit, quod futurum &longs;it rectum. tale autem erit, &longs;i illa acci­<lb/>piat, quæ nihil euertant eorum, quæ per &longs;e & propriè &longs;entiuntur, hoc e&longs;t in quorum &longs;en&longs;ione <lb/>nullus error committitur, quod tum euenit, cum omnia ritè di&longs;po&longs;ita &longs;unt, vt optimè &longs;en&longs;io fiat. <lb/>Quod &longs;i minus liceat, vt inue&longs;tigatione c&ecedil;le&longs;tium corporum, <emph type="sup"/>g<emph.end type="sup"/> locorum ignotorum, & <arrow.to.target n="marg78"></arrow.to.target> &longs;ub&longs;tan­<lb/><lb/>tiarum quæ &longs;unt liber&ecedil; & &longs;olutæ à materia, quorum aliqua nullo pacto &longs;ubiiciuntur &longs;en&longs;ibus; <pb pagenum="8"/>alia tentare non datum e&longs;t cuique; ad cœlum non peruenit &longs;en&longs;us, aut vnus vi&longs;us, atque ille <arrow.to.target n="marg79"></arrow.to.target> qui­<lb/><lb/>dem valde infirmus; ita ratio gubernabitur, vt nihil oppugnet ea, quæ verè &longs;entiuntur & veluti <lb/>noti&longs;sima po&longs;ita iam fuerunt. Et id &longs;i placuit Hyppocrati, ip&longs;um quoque commendabimus, & <lb/>rationi, non &longs;en&longs;ui confidendum e&longs;&longs;e eo tempore decernemus. Tum verò optimè nobi&longs;cum <lb/>agetur, &longs;i &longs;en&longs;uum fidem cum ratione, <expan abbr="rationem&qacute;">rationemque</expan>. cum &longs;en&longs;ibus habeamus. Denique &longs;en&longs;us &longs;it <lb/>totius phy&longs;icæ principale <expan abbr="firmamentũ">firmamentum</expan>, quo etiam nitantur c&ecedil;tera pronunciata, qu&ecedil; ad&longs;cribentur. <lb/>Ex eo qui iudicio &longs;en&longs;us &longs;tandum e&longs;t efficitur, vt accidentium cuiu&longs;que rei &longs;peculatio, valde ad­<lb/>modum conferat ad rerum e&longs;&longs;entias perno&longs;cendas <emph type="sup"/>a<emph.end type="sup"/> &longs;iquidem tales oporteat e&longs;&longs;e cau&longs;&longs;as, quales <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg80"></arrow.to.target><lb/>propagare po&longs;sint ea quæ in&longs;unt. Quanquam alio modo nos in &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ notitiam accidentia <lb/>perducunt. quandò tota &longs;pecies indiuidui recipitur à &longs;en&longs;ibus externis, <expan abbr="eadem&qacute;">eademque</expan>. ponitur in phan­<lb/>ta&longs;ia & phanta&longs;ma efficitur, cuius partes &longs;unt accidens & &longs;ub&longs;tantia, quæ po&longs;tmodò mentis effi­<lb/>cientis opere di&longs;cernuntur. Itaque et&longs;i certus e&longs;t progre&longs;&longs;us, à definitione ad accidentia, nem­<lb/>pe demon&longs;tratiuus: etiam methodus conuer&longs;a multum iuuat ad cogno&longs;cendum quid e&longs;t. Nam <lb/>definitio dare quidem &longs;olet occa&longs;ionem adipi&longs;cendi notitiam cau&longs;&longs;arum, ex quibus accidentia <lb/>rei na&longs;cuntur. <expan abbr="ideo&qacute;">ideoque</expan>. Ari&longs;toteles qu&ecedil;rebat quid e&longs;&longs;et locus, <emph type="sup"/>b<emph.end type="sup"/> vt eorum .&longs;. quæ in loco &longs;unt, <arrow.to.target n="marg81"></arrow.to.target> cau&longs;­<lb/><lb/>&longs;as inueniret; <expan abbr="idem&qacute;">idemque</expan>. ordo tenetur in mathematicis, quæ demon&longs;trationis per&longs;picuitate reliquas <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg82"></arrow.to.target><lb/>omnes excellunt. ip&longs;æ enim accidentia quanto per definitiones inueniunt, & cognito quid &longs;it <lb/>triangulus, aut rectum nobis aperiunt triangulum habere tres angulos æquos duobus rectis, at­<lb/>que omnino vbi definitio non præ&longs;tet eorum notitiam, quæ in&longs;unt rei, pro dialectica communi <lb/>& inani habenda e&longs;t. Sed etiam cognitio rudis, &, vt Gr&ecedil;ci dicunt, <foreign lang="greek">kata\ fantasi/an</foreign> ip&longs;orum <lb/>accidentium aut omnium, aut plurium, nobis &longs;uppeditat, quæ de rerum e&longs;&longs;entia dicamus: non <lb/>&longs;anè, quia demon&longs;tratiuam cognitionem efficiat; quippe qui omnis demon&longs;trationis principium <lb/>&longs;it definitio, &longs;ed tamen eiu&longs;modi vt aditum patefaciat ad con&longs;tituendam rei propo&longs;itæ defini­<lb/>tionem. Propterea de loco di&longs;&longs;erens Ari&longs;toteles accidentia quædam definitioni loci præpo&longs;uit, <lb/>è quibus po&longs;tea collegit quid e&longs;&longs;et locus. eandem quoque viam tenuit, dum incrementi e&longs;&longs;en­<lb/>tiam exquireret. <emph type="sup"/>c<emph.end type="sup"/> eandem item in de&longs;ceptatione de animo voluit ob&longs;eruare, &longs;iquidem ex motu <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg83"></arrow.to.target><lb/>& cognitione vires animi vniuer&longs;as inuenerit & explanarit, vnde, qua&longs;i retrocedens accidentium <lb/>illorum vim multò certius expo&longs;uit; &, cùm ante definitionem rudi quodam modo nob. notui&longs;­<lb/>&longs;ent; po&longs;tquàm definitio comperta e&longs;t, accurati&longs;simè euoluit, nimirùm demon&longs;tratione, qua via <lb/>philo&longs;opho naturali plurimum in&longs;i&longs;tendum e&longs;t, cui &longs;æpius effectus quàm cau&longs;&longs;a &longs;unt notiores. <lb/>Neque illud ob&longs;tat quod Ari&longs;toteles aliquando reiecerit accidentia, <emph type="sup"/>d<emph.end type="sup"/> tanquam inutilia ad <arrow.to.target n="marg84"></arrow.to.target> defini­<lb/><lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg85"></arrow.to.target><lb/>tionem comparandam. Aut etiam prædicarit &longs;ub&longs;tantiam accidenti & natura & cognitione <lb/>præcedere. <emph type="sup"/>e<emph.end type="sup"/> Nanque in Analyticis agebat Ari&longs;toteles de prædicatis illis, quæ &longs;unt partes ip&longs;ius <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg86"></arrow.to.target><lb/>quid e&longs;t. atqui accidentia non &longs;unt huiu&longs;modi. verùm nob. indicant &longs;olùm partes ip&longs;ius quid <lb/>e&longs;t, & &longs;ub&longs;tantia cognitione procedit, vt po&longs;teà narrabitur, quia nulla notio pote&longs;t e&longs;&longs;e acciden­<lb/>tis, quin includat &longs;ub&longs;tantiam; &longs;ed ea notio confu&longs;a e&longs;t & imperfecta, quod philo&longs;ophi quidam <lb/>non videntes à vera item ratione pronuntiati præ&longs;entis aberrarunt. Nam lego apud nonnullos <lb/>talem poni ordinem inter &longs;ub&longs;tantiam & accidens. quod ita cognitio &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ præcedat acci­<lb/>denti, quia &longs;it eius cognitio perfectior. tunc enim quanque rem cogno&longs;cere videmur, cum eius <lb/>&longs;ub&longs;tantiam nouimus; vt vbi nouimus quid homo &longs;it, non autem cuiu&longs;modi &longs;it. &longs;ic etiam me­<lb/>lius cogno&longs;cimus album, quando nouimus quid &longs;it album, quæ videtur e&longs;&longs;e cognitio &longs;ub&longs;tanti&ecedil; <lb/>& e&longs;&longs;entiæ, cuiu&longs;modi &longs;it albi e&longs;&longs;entia, quàm &longs;i ip&longs;um &longs;ub alicuius attributi ratione no&longs;camus. <lb/>At verò prior e&longs;t origine accidentis notitia quàm &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ: quandoquidem nihil in mente &longs;it, <lb/>quin prius attigerit &longs;en&longs;um. Atqui &longs;en&longs;us non e&longs;t &longs;ub&longs;tanti&ecedil; iudex, &longs;ed vnius accidentis. Quam­<lb/>obrem &longs;en&longs;ilia qu&ecedil; &longs;unt accidentia, prius à nobis quàm &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ cogno&longs;cuntur. Et planè quod <lb/>&longs;ub&longs;tantiæ notitia &longs;it perfectior, inficiari non licet, attamen aliqua de primo capite dubitari <arrow.to.target n="marg87"></arrow.to.target> po&longs;­<lb/><lb/>&longs;unt. Quandoquidem mihi videtur ille qui hæc effatur, dare accidens &longs;ine &longs;ub&longs;tantia percipi à <lb/>&longs;en&longs;u. atqui ide&longs;t ab&longs;trahere, ab&longs;tractio verò non e&longs;t opus &longs;en&longs;us, &longs;ed mentis. In&longs;uper indiuiduum <lb/>per &longs;e &longs;en&longs;ile e&longs;t, at &longs;en&longs;ilium iudex e&longs;t &longs;en&longs;us; ergo & indiuidui. Quare, cùm &longs;it indiuiduum <lb/>è genere &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ, & illius igitur erit &longs;en&longs;us. Cùm ergo ab illo non &longs;egregentur accidentia &longs;en­<lb/>&longs;ilia, proinde efficitur, vt neque origine accidentium notitia pr&ecedil;cedat cognitioni &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ. <lb/>Quinimmo &longs;ic coniuncta e&longs;t accidentis notitia cum cognitione &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ, vt be&longs;ti&ecedil; quoque &longs;ub­<lb/>&longs;tantiam no&longs;cant. Etenim optimè D. Thomas. <emph type="sup"/>f<emph.end type="sup"/> Ni&longs;i be&longs;tiæ no&longs;cerent &longs;ub&longs;tantiam, in eius <arrow.to.target n="marg88"></arrow.to.target> per­<lb/><lb/>ceptione non deciperentur, vt liquet in alimentis. Neque enim quicquam in eo decipi pote&longs;t, <lb/>quod pror&longs;us ignorat. Itaque totum indiuiduum, quod e&longs;t veluti ma&longs;&longs;a quædam omnium pr&ecedil;­<lb/>dicamentorum accipitur à &longs;en&longs;u, & de vniuer&longs;o fert iudicium. Nanque vbi po&longs;teà &longs;ub&longs;tantia <lb/>cogno&longs;cenda &longs;it &longs;ub ratione &longs;ola &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ, quia &longs;eparatur ab accidentibus, à quibus efficieba­<lb/>tur &longs;ingularis, non permanet amplius indiuidua, &longs;ed fit vniuer&longs;alis. Nec refert, vtrùm hoc iudi­<lb/>cium &longs;it &longs;en&longs;us interni, vt nonnulli arbitrantur, an externi: quandò nullum e&longs;t officium &longs;en&longs;us, <pb pagenum="9"/> <arrow.to.target n="marg89"></arrow.to.target><lb/>quod non pendeat ab vtroque; mutuas enim &longs;ibi operas præ&longs;tant. Verum quia non dubitatur <lb/>id, accidentiaúe valeant ad cogno&longs;cendum quid e&longs;t, quod philo&longs;ophus naturalis &longs;&ecedil;pi&longs;simè cogi­<lb/>tur vti demon&longs;trationibus à &longs;igno, hoc tanquam firmamento con&longs;tituto, quæramus de modo <lb/>quo accidens id efficiat. Omnium &longs;ententi&ecedil; meo quidem iudicio, ad duo capita referri po&longs;&longs;e vi­<lb/>dentur. <emph type="sup"/>a<emph.end type="sup"/> Nonnulli enim accipiunt proportionem inter mentem & ea, quæ mente <arrow.to.target n="marg90"></arrow.to.target> comprehen­<lb/><lb/>di po&longs;&longs;unt, qualis e&longs;t inter materiam & formam naturalem. Nam veluti materia non accipit <lb/>formas naturales &longs;ine quadam affectione pr&ecedil;currente nimirum accidentium, &longs;ic mens non po­<lb/>te&longs;t, inquiunt, accipere formas intelligendas &longs;ine pr&ecedil;cedente affectione, hæc verò accedit per <lb/>accidentia quæ mouent &longs;en&longs;um. At verò præter id, quod incidunt in errorem communem, <lb/>quia putant albedinem à &longs;en&longs;u cogno&longs;ci, quando cogno&longs;citur hoc album, ne&longs;cio vtrum mens <lb/>requirat eiu&longs;modi affectionem nécne: &longs;iquidem mens videatur e&longs;&longs;e pote&longs;tas qu&ecedil;, vbi pr&ecedil;&longs;ens fue­<lb/>rit obiectum, è ve&longs;tigio operatur, & percipit. flagitat &longs;anè phanta&longs;ma, vt mens efficiens habeat. <lb/>quod illu&longs;tret & intelligendum faciat, &longs;ed vt afficiens, non puto. Namque ea quæ affectionem <lb/>po&longs;tulant, docet experientia tempore quoque ab&longs;olui. Accedit etiam quod affectio præcedit in <lb/>eadem materia, in qua debet accipi forma. Sed mens per &longs;e non afficitur, ni&longs;i à re intelligenda, <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg91"></arrow.to.target><lb/>hæc verò iam actu facta vt à mente efficiente, vt ip&longs;i volunt, aut à forma ip&longs;a &longs;ub&longs;tantia quæ per <lb/>&longs;e mentem informat. Nihil ergo præcedit in mente, quod afficiat mentem ad intelligendum. <lb/>Cui quoque rei &longs;ignum e&longs;&longs;e pote&longs;t quod vti affectio præcedat à minore tenditur ad maius, & ab <lb/>imperfecto ad perfectum. Atqui mens vbi percepit maius, multò facilius concipit <expan abbr="quoq;">quoque</expan> minus. <lb/>Docent alij &longs;ic accidentia nos in notitiam &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ ducere, quia &longs;ub&longs;tantia non po&longs;sit excitare <lb/>facultates cogno&longs;cendi &longs;ine po&longs;tibus qua&longs;i vtatur animus his accidentibus, vt &longs;ic dixerim, <lb/>pro vehiculo &longs;ub&longs;tantiarum. Quæ item ratio videtur imperfecta; quia de&longs;iderarem ego mihi <lb/>explicari modum quo, po&longs;tquàm &longs;ub&longs;tantia per accidentia concepta fuerit, mens &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ no­<lb/>titiam con&longs;equatur: vt puta, quomodo ex eo quòd Luna lumine priuetur, percipiamus cau&longs;&longs;as <lb/>& definitionem defectus. Itaque mihi videtur ita &longs;en&longs;i&longs;&longs;e Ari&longs;toteles. Cùm globus ille pr&ecedil;di­<lb/>camentorum omnium, quod vocamus indiuiduum, pepulit &longs;en&longs;us no&longs;tros, & ex repetitione <lb/>facta memoria productum e&longs;t vniuer&longs;ale, quod, vt alibi docui, concretum e&longs;t vt album, quan­<lb/>tum, mobile, re&longs;oluitur à mente in &longs;uas partes & illo inuento &longs;ine quo c&ecedil;tera non exi&longs;tunt, &longs;ed il­<lb/>lud &longs;ine aliis, hoc verò e&longs;t ip&longs;a &longs;ub&longs;tantia, &longs;iue vt primum excipiens, velut animus, &longs;iue vt cuius <lb/>e&longs;t aliquod primum excipiens, vt animal, vt po&longs;tea declarabimus, tum concipi &longs;ub&longs;tantiam. <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg92"></arrow.to.target><lb/>Huius autem re&longs;olutionis duo fundamenta e&longs;&longs;e coniicio. primum analyticum quod traditur ab <lb/>Ari&longs;totele, cum docet <emph type="sup"/>b<emph.end type="sup"/> quemadmodum inuenienda &longs;int ea quæ in&longs;unt quatenus ip&longs;um. Nam <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg93"></arrow.to.target><lb/>proponitur in primis aliquod inue&longs;tigandum, eius vniuer&longs;a attributa percen&longs;entur, & vbi vnum <lb/>ex illis occurrat, quod ita &longs;e habeat ad attributum, vt eo po&longs;ito primò ponatur, & cum &longs;ublatum <lb/>fuerit &longs;ecum quoque perimet attributum, id dicimus ine&longs;&longs;e quatenus ip&longs;um, & illam e&longs;&longs;e <expan abbr="primã">primam</expan> <lb/>cau&longs;&longs;am & e&longs;&longs;entiam accidentis, quæ prius elucet in demon&longs;tratione, po&longs;tmodo degenerat in <lb/>quid e&longs;t, & in definitione &longs;umitur. Alterum fundamentum petitur è prima philo&longs;ophia. Quo­<lb/>niam accidens ita &longs;e habet ad &longs;ub&longs;tantiam, vt ad ip&longs;am nece&longs;&longs;ariò referatur, & &longs;icut vnum è rela­<lb/>tiuis &longs;uapte natura notionem affert alterius, &longs;ic accidens affert notionem &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ in qua ine&longs;t; <lb/>ac primum &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ, cum qua comprehenditur, vt album in cygno cogno&longs;citur, aut charta; <lb/>quia tamen non appiicat &longs;e&longs;e nece&longs;&longs;ariò ad chartam aut cygnum; &longs;ed &longs;ine vtri&longs;que percipi po­<lb/>te&longs;t, non tamen &longs;ine aliquo, notionem affert &longs;ub&longs;tanti&ecedil; &longs;impliciter, ad extremum indicat illam <lb/>&longs;ub&longs;tantiam, cui perpetuò comitatur, vt &longs;ine ip&longs;a non exi&longs;tat, & vbi hoc &longs;it, illa quoque ad&longs;it. <lb/>oporteat, & per illam cæteris in&longs;it, quæ vbi fuerit euoluta, per &longs;e ip&longs;am patet, & ita lucet, vt acci­<lb/>dens quoque quod ex ip&longs;a pendet, illu&longs;tret. Quapropter ille progre&longs;&longs;us ab accidentibus ad <arrow.to.target n="marg94"></arrow.to.target> &longs;ub­<lb/><lb/>&longs;tantias pertinet ad doctrinam confu&longs;am & incohatam, cùm ceteroquin in doctrina di&longs;tincta <lb/>& ab&longs;oluta accidens ex &longs;ub&longs;tantia cogno&longs;catur. Neque verò te intelligere velim progre&longs;&longs;um ab <lb/>accidente ad &longs;ub&longs;tantiam eiu&longs;modi e&longs;&longs;e, vt accidens prius &longs;ine &longs;ub&longs;tantia cogno&longs;catur; neque <lb/>enim notio relatiui ab alterius notione &longs;eiungitur: &longs;ed cum eo tempore &longs;imul cum accidentibus <lb/>&longs;ub&longs;tantia no&longs;catur accidentia præ&longs;tant, vt &longs;ub&longs;tantia per &longs;e concipi queat. Ita fit, vt &longs;ub&longs;tantia <lb/>& cau&longs;&longs;a per &longs;e po&longs;t primam notionem, quæ auxilio &longs;en&longs;us accedit, vt ens &longs;impliciter accipiatur, <lb/>& efficiat primam &longs;ub&longs;tanti&ecedil; notionem, mox appareat, vt cau&longs;&longs;a, & &longs;ic notionem complexam fa­<lb/>ciat ex qua principia demon&longs;trationis exi&longs;tunt; vltimo accipiatur, vt quid e&longs;t, & compleat defi­<lb/>nitionem. Sic igitur accidentia non proximè &longs;ed remotè perducunt ad quid e&longs;t, tùm quòd non <lb/>&longs;unt pr&ecedil;dicata in quid, &longs;ed ea &longs;ignificant qu&ecedil; pr&ecedil;dicantur in quid; tùm quòd per multos gradus <lb/>euehi, & regredi oportet mentem no&longs;tram, vt a&longs;&longs;equatur ip&longs;um quid e&longs;t. Non omnia tamen ac­<lb/>cidentia conducunt ad huiu&longs;modi progre&longs;&longs;um: quippe quod ea, qu&ecedil; &longs;unt per accidens, ide&longs;t, non <lb/>habent certas cau&longs;&longs;as ex hoc ordine deiiciantur. cùm enim certas cau&longs;&longs;as non habeant, &longs;olum af­<lb/>ferunt notionem &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ &longs;impliciter, quia &longs;ine illa nunquam exi&longs;tunt, &longs;ed nihil amplius, quod <pb pagenum="10"/>e&longs;&longs;entiam rei cuiu&longs;piam re&longs;picere videatur; cùm etiam ab hac & ab illa, & re & mente &longs;euocari <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg95"></arrow.to.target><lb/>po&longs;sint. Oportet igitur vt accidentia &longs;int per &longs;e & hæc, vel &longs;int generis vel alicuius partis eius. <lb/>quanquam & valent ad hoc &longs;epararim, vt &longs;en&longs;us ad animal digno&longs;cendum; vel etiam coniun­<lb/>ctim plura, quæ aliquod commune præ&longs;entent, <foreign lang="greek">siwdzomlw/</foreign> Græci vocant, ide&longs;t concur&longs;um; & <lb/>&longs;peciatim medici &longs;igna habent, quæ pathognomonica appellant, quorum auxilio certa genera ve­<lb/>nantur: pluribus &longs;en&longs;ibus vnà de eadem re <expan abbr="iudiciũ">iudicium</expan> facientibus, <emph type="sup"/>a<emph.end type="sup"/> neque vno &longs;ufficiente, cùm <arrow.to.target n="marg96"></arrow.to.target> &longs;in­<lb/><lb/>gula communius aliquod offerant. Proptereà, quanquam notitia &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ tempore acciden­<lb/>tis notitiæ præfertur; aut agitur de doctrina di&longs;tincta, aut præcedere tempore accipiendum pri­<lb/>uatiuè quòd vnà, nec po&longs;terius &longs;ub&longs;tantia no&longs;catur: nam &longs;iquid antecedit, tamet&longs;i non tempo­<lb/>re; id e&longs;t, vt aiunt, in&longs;tans naturæ: e&longs;t enim accidens ratio per quam &longs;ub&longs;tantia recipitur à &longs;en&longs;u. <lb/>Confert item accidens ad cogno&longs;cendum quid e&longs;t, quòd ex eius natura qu&ecedil; multiplex e&longs;t, vel ma­<lb/>teriam, vel <foreign lang="greek">e)c a)faize\sews</foreign>, vel etiam <foreign lang="greek">xwzikh\</foreign>, nouimus e&longs;&longs;e triplex definitionum genus, quod <lb/>vteretur materia &longs;en&longs;ili, quòd materia intelligenda, vel abiiceret omnino materiam. Et hoc in <lb/>philo&longs;ophia Peripatetica triti&longs;simum. Nam cùm ip&longs;a &longs;it de rebus &longs;en&longs;ilibus principia &longs;en&longs;ilia <lb/>&longs;umere cogitur. At, inquies, materia prima &longs;en&longs;ilis non e&longs;t: & tamen e&longs;t principium rerum &longs;en­<lb/>&longs;ilium. Con&longs;ueuerunt maiores no&longs;tri re&longs;pondere cau&longs;&longs;as accipi non omnes, &longs;ed propinquas; <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg97"></arrow.to.target><lb/>has enim &longs;olas e&longs;&longs;e &longs;en&longs;iles, quippe quòd in &longs;ingularibus proximè in&longs;ideant. At verò quod docet <lb/>aliquando philo&longs;ophus monet me, vt &longs;en&longs;ile communius accipiam, ac dicam &longs;en&longs;ile nonmodo <lb/>id quod &longs;en&longs;ui pote&longs;t &longs;ubiici, &longs;ed quod quoquo pacto re&longs;picit materiam. Proptereà neque <lb/>Deus, cùm &longs;it auctor motus, effugit <expan abbr="hãc">hanc</expan> con&longs;iderationem: hoc enim modo &longs;unt cau&longs;&longs;æ &longs;en&longs;ilium, <lb/>& cadunt in &longs;en&longs;um; quia &longs;unt principia &longs;en&longs;ilium: vt quanuis per &longs;e non &longs;entiantur, quia fa­<lb/>ciant &longs;en&longs;ilia, ad &longs;en&longs;ilia referantur, vel vt ferrum, quo fit &longs;anitas, ad &longs;anitatem; vnde item &longs;a­<lb/>num vocatur. Et rerum quidem &longs;en&longs;ilium &longs;emper & propriè &longs;cientia ponitur vt &longs;ubiecti: ho­<lb/>rum verò &longs;cientia propriè non e&longs;t. itaque nec ea per &longs;e &longs;entiantur oportet; verum &longs;at e&longs;t, vt &longs;en­<lb/>tiantur eo qui dictus e&longs;t, modo: nec ob id tollitur quin rerum &longs;en&longs;ilium &longs;it &longs;cientia naturalis. <lb/>& talia &longs;unt etiam remoti&longs;sima à &longs;ingularibus, & vniuer&longs;alia maximè, quod &longs;anè multi philo&longs;o­<lb/>phi præ&longs;ertim Platonici <expan abbr="neglexerũt">neglexerunt</expan>, quia numeros auctores rerum naturalium fecerint, vel Ideas <lb/>quas extra materiam e&longs;&longs;e voluere. Parum ab his abfuere Pythagorici. Nanque et&longs;i numeros <lb/>accepere qui e&longs;&longs;et in &longs;en&longs;ilibus, & eos vt numero &longs;pectarunt, numerorum conditiones illis attri­<lb/>buentes, <expan abbr="ea&longs;&qacute;ue">ea&longs;que</expan> ad res &longs;en&longs;iles applicantes, neque illa ob&longs;eruarunt, quæ in numeris in&longs;unt, qua­<lb/>tenus materia fundantur, quod eum facere oportebat, qui naturalis &longs;cientiæ principia <arrow.to.target n="marg98"></arrow.to.target> ve&longs;tiga­<lb/><lb/>ret. Eiu&longs;dem quoque notæ &longs;unt, qui puncta, plana, & figuras rerum naturalium principia po­<lb/>nunt, è quorum etiam numero fuit Plato, quanquam hi minus errarunt, quòd illa &longs;tatuerunt, <lb/>è quibus ratio probabilis reddi po&longs;&longs;et aliquorum, quæ conducerent ad motum. Ita eueniet, vt <lb/>in phy&longs;icis demon&longs;trationibus componendis à primis v&longs;que ad vltimas cau&longs;&longs;as procedere liceat, <lb/>& accipere item illa quæ &longs;unt nota natura & &longs;ecundum rationem, non &longs;ecundum &longs;en&longs;um, & ea <lb/>tamen &longs;int principia &longs;en&longs;ilium, nec à phy&longs;ica methodo aliena. Neque enim &longs;ine his vlla de­<lb/>mon&longs;tratio pote&longs;t ab&longs;olui, &longs;eu prima &longs;int, &longs;eu po&longs;trema: &longs;iue in eadem &longs;erie cau&longs;&longs;arum, &longs;iue in <lb/>alia: habent nexum quendam in&longs;olubilem & varia cau&longs;&longs;arum genera inter &longs;e & in eodem ordi­<lb/>ne, ex quo erumpit effectus, & cùm hic &longs;it &longs;ingularis à &longs;ingularis cau&longs;&longs;&ecedil; &longs;ocietate neutiquam di­<lb/>uelluntur, qualia verò &longs;int quibus principatus effectus &longs;it committendus non in omni cau&longs;&longs;arum <lb/>genere communis ratio fortè poterit a&longs;signari, primas in quibu&longs;dam ferente cau&longs;&longs;a priore &longs;ecun­<lb/>dum naturam, & remotiore, contrà in aliis. Sed hæc po&longs;tea di&longs;&longs;erentur vberius. In his princi­<lb/>piis & illud numerabitur: Methodum imitari naturam quo ad eius fieri pote&longs;t. Nam, &longs;i metho­<lb/>dus e&longs;t &longs;cientia artificio tradita, ars verò naturam, quo ad pote&longs;t imitatur, & inuenit quod ip&longs;a de­<lb/>&longs;iderat, & &longs;equitur quod o&longs;tendit, methodus quoque nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t imitetur naturam, & eundem <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg99"></arrow.to.target><lb/>progre&longs;&longs;um propemodum faciat. Itaque, veluti natura nihil fru&longs;tra molitur, & ni&longs;i impediatur, <lb/>ad finem v&longs;quam perducit, ac fine propo&longs;ito mox illa præparat, quibus fine &longs;uo commodè po­<lb/>tiatur; &longs;ic ars omnia &longs;truit ad v&longs;us humanos, ac &longs;copo con&longs;tituto prius ordine di&longs;ponit deinceps <lb/>ea &longs;ine quibus con&longs;equentia non con&longs;i&longs;tunt. Ita re&longs;oluendo, prius ab eo quod e&longs;t primum in <lb/>optatis, ad ea &longs;ine quibus hoc non exi&longs;tit, mox componendo, ab eo &longs;ine quo cætera non con­<lb/>&longs;tant, progreditur ad finem, eumque ordinem &longs;eruans nihil omittit, nil &longs;uperuacaneum, & inu­<lb/>tile machinatur. Eodem modo methodus &longs;cientia &longs;ibi propo&longs;ita prius de principiis cogitat tan­<lb/>quam fundamentis: his &longs;uper&longs;truit demon&longs;trationes in&longs;i&longs;tens ea via qua res dilucidè explicari <lb/>queat, vt nihil inculcet inane, nihil redundans: neque &longs;ic præcisè eloquatur, vt oratio pariat ob­<lb/>&longs;curitatem, in id præcipuè collimans, vt auditoris habeat rationem, ad cuius ingenium & captum <lb/>&longs;ingula referre &longs;tudet. Ad hæc mirificè confert ordo, cuius admonitu nece&longs;&longs;aria per&longs;equitur: <lb/>vnde etiam &longs;icut in natura vnum quoddam e&longs;t, quod caput e&longs;t vniuer&longs;i ordinis, & ex quo c&ecedil;tera <lb/>deriuantur: &longs;ic in methodo &longs;olet e&longs;&longs;e vnum principium commune, quod reliquis omnibus &longs;up­ <pb pagenum="11"/> <arrow.to.target n="marg100"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ponatur, & in quod illa re&longs;oluantur, &longs;eu rei principium &longs;it, &longs;eu cognitionis. Ita in prima phi­<lb/>lo&longs;ophia primum illud. De quolibet verbum e&longs;&longs;e a&longs;&longs;erere, vel negare. in Morali bene educatum <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e, in mathematica continuum diuidi in infinitum, ex hoc quòd inter duo puncta quant&ecedil;uis <lb/>linea ducantur, quòd in quolibet eius &longs;igno figura de&longs;cribi queat: in arte medica fortè illud. <lb/>Contrariis contraria curari, in hac no&longs;tra Motum e&longs;&longs;e. Proximè ab ordine e&longs;t via à notis no­<lb/>bis quæ rerum occultarum tractationem ad rudium aures accommodat, po&longs;tmodo in&longs;trumen­<lb/>ta, quibus fidem facit & docet. Itaque magis ij laudantur, qui &longs;cientiarum principia finita con­<lb/>&longs;tituunt, quàm qui infinitatem acceperunt, <emph type="sup"/>a<emph.end type="sup"/> vbi eadem vtraque &longs;ecta pr&ecedil;&longs;tare po&longs;sit, ide&longs;t, nos <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg101"></arrow.to.target><lb/>reddere certiores de cunctis problematis qu&ecedil; in con&longs;iderationem naturalem cadere queunt. <lb/>Atque id non temerè à philo&longs;opho &longs;umptum. Siquidem nihil &longs;ciri po&longs;sit principiis ignoratis. <lb/>Atqui &longs;i principia fuerint infinita, incerta &longs;int nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t. Nanque id quoque tanquam certi&longs;si­<lb/>mum ratio &longs;umit. <emph type="sup"/>b<emph.end type="sup"/> Infinitum qua infinitum e&longs;t, &longs;iue &longs;it numero infinitum, &longs;eu magnitudine, <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg102"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;iue etiam forma, pror&longs;us e&longs;&longs;e ignotum, vt &longs;i formæ infinitæ inter extrema intercedant, <emph type="sup"/>c<emph.end type="sup"/> <arrow.to.target n="marg103"></arrow.to.target> inter­<lb/><lb/>quas oporteat fieri mutationem; &longs;i etiam ab imis ad &longs;umma quibus tanquam terminis pr&ecedil;dica­<lb/>mentum vnumquodque con&longs;i&longs;tit, <emph type="sup"/>d<emph.end type="sup"/> aut cau&longs;&longs;arum progre&longs;&longs;us à proximis ad remotas, <emph type="sup"/>e<emph.end type="sup"/> aut <arrow.to.target n="marg104"></arrow.to.target> vni­<lb/><lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg105"></arrow.to.target><lb/>uer&longs;um infinitum, quemadmodum voluit Meli&longs;&longs;us, aut denique multæ &longs;pecies infinitæ, vt <arrow.to.target n="marg106"></arrow.to.target> cen­<lb/><lb/>&longs;uit Anaxagoras: vel infinita corpu&longs;cula per inane volitantia, vt accepit Democritus; non po­<lb/>te&longs;t hæc neque &longs;en&longs;us, neque mens pertran&longs;ire, neque comprehendere. Quanquam hîc te mo­<lb/>nere volumus, infinitum non id ignotum e&longs;&longs;e, quod imperfectum e&longs;t, & perducendum e&longs;t ad <lb/>aliquem finem, <expan abbr="quodq.">quodque</expan> vlterius promoueri <expan abbr="põt">pont</expan>, vt po&longs;uit Ari&longs;toteles: &longs;ed quod omnem mo­<lb/>dum <expan abbr="fines&qacute;">finesque</expan>. tran&longs;it, vt veteribus placuit. <expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> illud quidem, &longs;i pro &longs;ubiecto &longs;umatur, non au­<lb/>tem pro attributo, hoc e&longs;t id de quo prædicatur infinitum, ignotum e&longs;t: ratio verò infiniti, vt <lb/>quid &longs;it id quod infinitum dicimus, & nota e&longs;t, & à phy&longs;ico tractatur. Conuenit item in bene <lb/>in&longs;tituta methodo, ni&longs;i quid certi&longs;simè indicet &longs;en&longs;us, aliqua ratione per&longs;uadere, vel inductio­<lb/>ne, <expan abbr="vbicunq.">vbicunque</expan> cau&longs;&longs;a non &longs;uccurrat, aut &longs;i cau&longs;&longs;am non habeat; veluti &longs;i ip&longs;um cau&longs;&longs;a foret: ex­<lb/>plicare definitione, vt talem pateat eius e&longs;&longs;e naturam, qualem accepimus. Nolo tamen te po&longs;tu­<lb/>lare, definitionem hîc exqui&longs;itam, quæ nulla e&longs;t, ni&longs;i &longs;peciei &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ, &longs;ed expo&longs;itione nominis <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e contentum, & ip&longs;a vi termini, vt factum e&longs;t ab Ari&longs;totele in explicatione principij. <emph type="sup"/>f<emph.end type="sup"/> Quòd <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg107"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;i cau&longs;&longs;a po&longs;sit, afferri cau&longs;&longs;am apponere oportet; rerum enim cau&longs;&longs;as habentium nulla cognitio <lb/>certa e&longs;t &longs;ine cau&longs;&longs;a. Neque id prohibere valet, quo minus cau&longs;&longs;a reddatur, quia res ita perpe­<lb/>tuò &longs;e habeat. <emph type="sup"/>g<emph.end type="sup"/> Vt enim omne id quod cau&longs;&longs;a vacat, perpetuum e&longs;t, at id non reciprocatur. <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg108"></arrow.to.target><lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg109"></arrow.to.target><lb/><emph type="sup"/>h<emph.end type="sup"/> Omne id quod perpetuum e&longs;t, cau&longs;&longs;a vacare. Nam quòd triangulus <expan abbr="cõtineat">contineat</expan> duos rectos, <arrow.to.target n="marg110"></arrow.to.target> in­<lb/><lb/>hæret perpetuò; atqui cau&longs;&longs;a talis euenti redditur à mathematico, quia nimirùm habeat angu­<lb/>lum externum æqualem duobus internis è regione con&longs;titutis. <expan abbr="Sola&qacute;">Solaque</expan>. illa æterna quæ principia <lb/>&longs;unt, cau&longs;&longs;a vacant: non omnia perpetua generatim. Et cau&longs;&longs;a quæritur, cur duo motus ex ad­<lb/>uer&longs;o fiant in cœlo quos tamen æternos e&longs;&longs;e phy&longs;ica concludit. Si verò non libeat &longs;ubnectere <lb/>cau&longs;&longs;am, <emph type="sup"/>i<emph.end type="sup"/> puta tu, quia non &longs;it eius loci, vel etiam, quòd longiores explicatus habeat, quibus in <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg111"></arrow.to.target><lb/>præ&longs;entia parcendum &longs;it: &longs;altem &longs;ub forma hypothe&longs;eos accipiendum e&longs;t, id quod velis, non ab­<lb/>&longs;olutè pronunciandum, vel, vt fieri con&longs;ueuit in legibus edicendum. Hæc præcepta &longs;eruans ad­<lb/>amu&longs;sim præ&longs;tanti&longs;simus doctor, eo nomine celebratur ab Auerroë, quod nihil vnquàm &longs;ine va­<lb/>lida ratione dixerit. Neque verò quia &longs;emper cau&longs;&longs;am dictis &longs;uis ad&longs;crip&longs;erit, quî enim rerum, <lb/>qu&ecedil; cau&longs;&longs;a vacarent, cau&longs;&longs;a reddi poterat? eiu&longs;dem enim vitij po&longs;&longs;et argui quod ip&longs;e aliis obie­<lb/>cit, quippe quòd non interno&longs;cerent, quid demon&longs;trationi foret obnoxium, & quid contrà à <lb/>demon&longs;tratione abhorreret: verùm, quia quicquid con&longs;tituit & accepit, ita di&longs;po&longs;uit, vt cuique <lb/>redderet id quod &longs;uum e&longs;t, & ratione v&longs;us fuerit, vbi ratio quæreretur, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illa quidem acri aut <lb/>leui pro rei tractandæ <expan abbr="cõditione">conditione</expan>: quicquid &longs;ine ratione a&longs;&longs;umendum fuerat vel quod e&longs;&longs;et <arrow.to.target n="marg112"></arrow.to.target> cau&longs;­<lb/><lb/>&longs;a, vel quòd alio quodammodo note&longs;ceret, prout de principiis anteà dictum e&longs;t, tamen non &longs;ine <lb/>valida ratione pronunciarit, quòd afferre potuit rationem ex illo habitu, qui pertinet ad modos <lb/>&longs;ciendi ductam, qua commotus hoc cum ratione, illud verò &longs;ine ratione acceperit. Igitur non <lb/>&longs;ine valida ratione locutus e&longs;t Ari&longs;toteles; &longs;iue ex propriis ip&longs;ius rei principiis duceretur, &longs;iue ex <lb/>altero habitu, cuius e&longs;t tractare modos &longs;ciendi. Non erit item alienum ab habitus huiu&longs;ce prin­<lb/>cipiis, &longs;i & hoc adiiciamus, quod frequenti&longs;simè &longs;olet à phy&longs;icis v&longs;urpari. Vnumquoque .&longs;. im­<lb/>petrare &longs;uam appellationem ab actu. <emph type="sup"/>k<emph.end type="sup"/> Non e&longs;t hoc no&longs;trum con&longs;ilium de nominum vi <arrow.to.target n="marg113"></arrow.to.target> di&longs;&longs;e­<lb/><lb/>rere, &longs;ed illa afferre in medio quæ pertinent ad propo&longs;itionis huiu&longs;ce notitiam. Scire igitur li­<lb/>cet ea quæ nominibus &longs;ignificantur, ad hæc capita referri, formas, <expan abbr="cõpo&longs;ita">compo&longs;ita</expan>, motiones & <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>. <lb/><emph type="sup"/>l<emph.end type="sup"/> <expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> dubium e&longs;t nomen primum &longs;ignificare formam, quoniam verò forma finis e&longs;t vniuer&longs;æ <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg114"></arrow.to.target><lb/>motionis, <expan abbr="eadem&qacute;">eademque</expan>. e&longs;t e&longs;&longs;entia tota, quæ comprehendit materiam quæ cadit in mentem, <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> <lb/>autem hæc principia definitione euoluuntur. &longs;i idem &longs;ignificant nomen & definitio; profectò <lb/>nomen &longs;ic formam &longs;ignificabit, vt vniuer&longs;am notet e&longs;&longs;entiam. tamen <09> in e&longs;&longs;entia primæ &longs;unt <pb pagenum="12"/>eius partis, quæ finis e&longs;t totius motionis; ideò nominis notio re&longs;oluetur in formam &longs;impliciter. <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg115"></arrow.to.target><lb/>Itaque cum cætera per formam &longs;ignificentur, & vt re&longs;piciunt formam quæ item e&longs;t finis, rectè <lb/>dicitur <expan abbr="vnumquodq.">vnumquodque</expan> à forma & fine &longs;uum nomen &longs;umere. Quapropter animal animam qu&ecedil; <lb/>forma e&longs;t, præcipuè &longs;ignificat. <emph type="sup"/>a<emph.end type="sup"/> Signo illud e&longs;t, quòd non prius animal appellatur, <expan abbr="&qtilde;">quae</expan> <arrow.to.target n="marg116"></arrow.to.target> acce&longs;&longs;e­<lb/><lb/>rit anima, &longs;ed embryon, aut &longs;emen. imò non ex forma &longs;impliciter ducitur nomen, &longs;ed vbi iam ex­<lb/>tirit actus &longs;ecundus, id Ari&longs;totele docentes 5. de Gen. anim. Idem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> in arte contingit, quan­<lb/>do non prius appellatur &longs;camnum, quàm ip&longs;i <expan abbr="extremã">extremam</expan> <expan abbr="manũ">manum</expan> artifex impo&longs;uerit, &longs;ed lignum, <lb/>proximè nomen &longs;ignificat <expan abbr="cõpo&longs;itum">compo&longs;itum</expan>, & pari quidem ratione in natura & arte. Et rationi <expan abbr="cõ-&longs;entaneum">con­<lb/>&longs;entaneum</expan> e&longs;t ens (vtar .n. liberius hac voce, quàm politiores hactenus declinarunt, quia lege­<lb/>rim eam à C. Iulio Ce&longs;are fui&longs;&longs;e receptam) ens, inquàm, primùm &longs;ignificare &longs;ub&longs;tantiam, <lb/>& inter &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ parteis ip&longs;am formam, ob eam <expan abbr="cau&longs;sã">cau&longs;sam</expan>, quam nuper attulimus, quòd tum ve­<lb/>rè <expan abbr="quippiã">quippiam</expan> &longs;it non animal. aut equus, &longs;ed ens &longs;impliciter, vbi formam obtinuerit. <expan abbr="Con&longs;imili&qacute;ue">Con&longs;imilique</expan> <lb/>modo reliqua prædicamenta dicimus primùm notare formam, tum deinde compo&longs;itum. po&longs;­<lb/>&longs;umus item nominationis huiu&longs;ce originem altius aliquantò repetere, vim prædicamentorum <lb/>&longs;pectantes: quippe <09> duas habitudines præ&longs;eferant: alteram, qua &longs;ubiecta re&longs;piciunt, in quo­<lb/>rum ratione in&longs;unt: atque alteram, qua &longs;ub&longs;tantia concipitur. neque .n. &longs;ola qualitas hac voce <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg117"></arrow.to.target><lb/>notatur, &longs;ed &longs;ub&longs;tantia qualis: &longs;iquidem accidens ab Ari&longs;totele ponatur in&longs;eparabile, <emph type="sup"/>b<emph.end type="sup"/> nec ens <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg118"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;impliciter, &longs;ed ens aliquid, vel aliquo modo & velut aliud quid exi&longs;tens, quia videlicet non &longs;it <lb/>albedo, &longs;ed album quod e&longs;t &longs;ub&longs;tantia. Vt igitur quantum & quale &longs;unt talia propter formam: <lb/><expan abbr="ideò&qacute;">ideòque</expan>. nomen &longs;ignificat primo formam accidentis, deinde compo&longs;itum in &longs;uo <expan abbr="quodq.">quodque</expan> genere <lb/>(con&longs;tat enim &longs;ingula prædicamenta ex pote&longs;tate & actu proportione) <emph type="sup"/>c<emph.end type="sup"/> &longs;ic etiam, vt entia <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg119"></arrow.to.target><lb/>quæ re&longs;piciunt <expan abbr="&longs;ub&longs;tantiã">&longs;ub&longs;tantiam</expan>, probabile e&longs;t ita dici propter formam, quia &longs;ic dicuntur propter &longs;ub­<lb/>&longs;tantiam, hæc verò e&longs;t ens propter formam. Ab eadem forma dicitur quoque compo&longs;itum, <lb/>vt efficiens. (Nam compo&longs;itum e&longs;&longs;e id quod efficit propriè, docebitur in progre&longs;&longs;u) &longs;i vniuo­<lb/>cum fuerit, vt pleraque e&longs;&longs;e &longs;olent, de quibus regulæ traduntur in methodis: tum quòd habet <lb/>in &longs;eip&longs;o formam per quam agit, tum quia gratia formæ operatur, & efficiendo tribuit <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>. <lb/>Materia quoque a&longs;&longs;ecuta e&longs;t appellationem <expan abbr="&longs;uã">&longs;uam</expan> à forma; quandoquidem talis pote&longs;tate dicitur, <lb/>quale e&longs;t actu <expan abbr="cõpo&longs;itum">compo&longs;itum</expan>, in quo ine&longs;t forma, vt pote&longs;tate <expan abbr="&longs;ub&longs;tãtia">&longs;ub&longs;tantia</expan>, pote&longs;tate <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan>, & quale. <lb/>Atque hoc quidem in natura & arte commune e&longs;t, licèt efficientis denominatio non <expan abbr="eod&etilde;">eodem</expan> &longs;em­<lb/>per modo procedat, vt mox apparebit. Etenim libet prius ordinis no&longs;tri cau&longs;&longs;am reddere, ne vi­<lb/>deamur cum Ari&longs;totele pugnare. quandò nos materiam efficienti po&longs;tpo&longs;uimus & compo&longs;ito, <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg120"></arrow.to.target><lb/><expan abbr="&longs;imul&qacute;">&longs;imulque</expan>. compo&longs;itum cum efficiente collocauimus. Ari&longs;toteles autem proximè à forma po&longs;uit <lb/>materiam, in extremo verò recen&longs;uit efficiens. Atqui nos ordinem nominationis &longs;pectauimus <lb/>& efficiens cum compo&longs;ito numerauimus, vt partem eius. Ari&longs;toteles autem in phy&longs;icis ordi­<lb/>nem principij re&longs;piciens, quia materia foret <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan>, compo&longs;ito ip&longs;am præpo&longs;uit. <emph type="sup"/>d<emph.end type="sup"/> in prima <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg121"></arrow.to.target><lb/>verò philo&longs;ophia motui &longs;ubiecit efficiens, <emph type="sup"/>e<emph.end type="sup"/> quia cætera ad rei con&longs;titutionem pertinerent <arrow.to.target n="marg122"></arrow.to.target> mul­<lb/><lb/>tò interius; efficiens externum e&longs;&longs;et, & à rei &longs;ub&longs;tantia remotum. Re&longs;tat vnus motus qui com­<lb/>plectitur <expan abbr="ortũ">ortum</expan> & interitum <expan abbr="qu&etilde;">quem</expan> item ab Ari&longs;totele demon&longs;tratur <emph type="sup"/>f<emph.end type="sup"/> à fine in natura <expan abbr="nũcupation&etilde;">nuncupationem</expan> <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg123"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;umere. tamet&longs;i aliter in arte ac natura <expan abbr="quandoq.">quandoque</expan> contingat. <emph type="sup"/>g<emph.end type="sup"/> (neque enim id perpetuum <arrow.to.target n="marg124"></arrow.to.target> pu­<lb/><lb/>to, vt nonnulli, neque id in Ari&longs;totelici contextus explanatione nece&longs;&longs;arium, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> id nece&longs;&longs;ariò <lb/>mon&longs;trant verba ip&longs;ius Ari&longs;totelis) &longs;iquidem in arte nominatio motus ab efficiente <expan abbr="nonnun&qtilde;">nonnunquae</expan> <lb/>&longs;umatur; in natura non ab efficiente; &longs;ed, vt reliqua, à fine. Verùm <expan abbr="vtcunq.">vtcunque</expan> &longs;e res habeat, cau&longs;­<lb/>&longs;am libet indagare, cur ab efficiente, non à fine motus in arte qui e&longs;t effectio, nuncupetur, <arrow.to.target n="marg125"></arrow.to.target> præci­<lb/><lb/>puè propter Auerroëm qui lib. 4. Collectaneorum rationem quandam reddit, ex nobiliore lo­<lb/>co, vt potè è 2. Phy&longs;. repetitam cui plurimum tribuit. Ea verò talis e&longs;t. Motum &longs;umere no­<lb/>men ab eo, cum quo magis conuenit genere. Sed motus in arte cum genere efficientis conue­<lb/>nit magis. Et motus igitur in arte &longs;umit nomen ab efficiente. Nunc explicandum e&longs;t, <arrow.to.target n="marg126"></arrow.to.target> quem­<lb/><lb/>admodum effectio cum genere efficientis potius quàm materiæ, &longs;eu formæ conueniat: quandò <lb/>terminetur forma, & ab ea tanquam <expan abbr="cõplemento">complemento</expan> contineatur & materia fundetur, in <expan abbr="ea&qacute;">eaque</expan>. per­<lb/>ducatur ad &longs;ummum, ab efficiente verò &longs;egregetur. & videndum quid verba &longs;onent Auerrois. <lb/>Cau&longs;&longs;æ <expan abbr="cõplures">complures</expan> eius differentiæ &longs;olent afferri; <expan abbr="varii&longs;q.">varii&longs;que</expan> modis Auerrois verba capiuntur ab eius <lb/>patronis. etenim <expan abbr="quidã">quidam</expan> ait id ab Auerroë non fui&longs;&longs;e verè a&longs;&longs;eueratum motus ab arte factos e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>ex eodem genere cum efficientibus, quo enim pacto medicatio & ædificatio &longs;unt eiu&longs;dem gene­<lb/>ris cum medico & ædificatore? &longs;iquidem medicus & ædificator, &longs;eu medicina & ars ædificandi <lb/>&longs;int habitus: medicatio verò & ædificatio &longs;int pa&longs;siones (& hîc etiam liceat ea voce vti, quam <lb/>M. Varro non e&longs;t a&longs;pernatus) vbi pro forma fluente &longs;umantur: intellige nunc formam fluen­<lb/>tem eam quæ ab imperfecto ad perfectum promouetur, vt albedinem &longs;ecundi gradus quæ ad <lb/>quartum e&longs;t deducenda. proptereà &longs;ubiunxi&longs;&longs;e Auerroëm, aut &longs;altem ita videri. Verùm e&longs;to id. <lb/>At oportebat etiam reddere cau&longs;&longs;am, cur ita videretur. Itaque alij Diui Thom&ecedil; explanationem <pb pagenum="13"/> <arrow.to.target n="marg127"></arrow.to.target><lb/>approbantes putant &longs;pectari ab Auerroë motionem ab arte factam; tum verò e&longs;t effectio quæ­<lb/>dam <expan abbr="ea&qacute;">eaque</expan>. ratione magis e&longs;t affinis efficientis quàm form&ecedil;; <expan abbr="ideo&qacute;">ideoque</expan>. ab efficiente nuncupationem <lb/>&longs;umit. atqui generatio qu&ecedil; e&longs;t opus naturæ, e&longs;t affectio & pa&longs;sio, quæ note&longs;cit ex termino ad <expan abbr="qu&etilde;">quem</expan> <lb/>i. quo motio finitur. Veruntamen quia tam in arte quàm in natura idem re &longs;unt, <expan abbr="ratione&qacute;">rationeque</expan>. &longs;ola <lb/>actio & pa&longs;sio di&longs;iunguntur; ex hoc efficitur, vt nullum nominationis di&longs;crimen intercedere de­<lb/>beat inter motus naturales & eos qui fiunt ab arte. Ob&longs;eruant alij formas artis à formis natu­<lb/>ræ di&longs;crepare, quòd in artis materia nulla pote&longs;tas e&longs;t formæ efficiendæ, neque perfecta, neque <lb/>imperfecta: formis verò naturalibus pote&longs;tates in materia &longs;upponitur. Idcirco quoniam forma <lb/>artis tota na&longs;citur ab externo, & proinde motus eius naturalis forma non item, ob <expan abbr="eam&qacute;">eamque</expan>. rem ne­<lb/>que generatio forma artis e&longs;t magis è genere efficientis: contrà verò forma naturalis ex genere <lb/>finis. proptereà motio quæ fit ab arte, nuncupatur ab efficiente, à fine verò motio naturalis. <lb/>Et &longs;anè proximè accedit ad verum hæc explicatio. ni&longs;i quòd genus videtur acceptum fui&longs;&longs;e li­<lb/>centius. Neque enim mouens & motus in genere conueniunt, vt dictum e&longs;t. Et e&longs;&longs;entia motus <lb/>magis termino ad quem, quàm efficiente completur, vt aliàs o&longs;tendemus. Alij nectunt alias <lb/>cau&longs;&longs;as, atque illas quidem &longs;atis iu&longs;tas, quia &longs;cilicet efficiens naturale conuenit in nomine cum re <lb/>facienda, artifex verò minimè. hinc fit, vt nomen motus in arte diuer&longs;um queat accipi à nomine <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg128"></arrow.to.target><lb/>finis, in natura non item. Verum mon&longs;trat id licere tantummodo, non tamen docet, cur non <lb/>accipiatur à fine: quando etiam motus illius e&longs;&longs;entia fine completur. debuit enim &longs;ic efficere no­<lb/>menclator; vt cùm &longs;uccurreret finis, vnde nominatio &longs;umeretur in arte, imitando naturam, à fine <lb/>pariter motum nuncuparet. Po&longs;trema cau&longs;&longs;a, quia mouens in arte con&longs;picuum e&longs;t &longs;ingulare & <lb/>&longs;en&longs;ile: naturale autem &longs;ub&longs;tantia quæ in&longs;en&longs;ilis e&longs;t. illud e&longs;t notum; hoc ignotum: à notiore <lb/>verò nominatio &longs;umitur. At qui hæc profitetur, non videt etiam formam, à qua nuncupatur mo­<lb/>tus, e&longs;&longs;e <expan abbr="&longs;ub&longs;tantiã">&longs;ub&longs;tantiam</expan>; <expan abbr="ideo&qacute;">ideoque</expan>. in&longs;en&longs;ilem e&longs;&longs;e & ignotam, vt ergo ab efficiente ignoto non erat acci­<lb/>pienda nuncupatio: &longs;ic neque à fine, quòd e&longs;&longs;et ignotus. Neque per&longs;picit is, qui hæc dicit, eo­<lb/>dem modo e&longs;&longs;e &longs;ingulare & &longs;en&longs;ile efficiens in natura &longs;icut in arte. Prætereà, &longs;i hæc cum Auer­<lb/>roë dicuntur; ni&longs;i turpem repugnantiam inter eius &longs;ententias, quod i&longs;ti nefas arbitrantur, incul­<lb/>care velint, ea legant quæ idem auctor &longs;crip&longs;it, <emph type="sup"/>a<emph.end type="sup"/> vbi re&longs;tatur &longs;e cau&longs;&longs;am hanc in phy&longs;icis <arrow.to.target n="marg129"></arrow.to.target> expli­<lb/><lb/>ca&longs;&longs;e, talem e&longs;&longs;e docet; qua&longs;i &longs;it eadem quam modo tractamus. “quòd permutatio e&longs;t ge­<lb/>nus rei, ad quam permutatur virtus: & hæc e&longs;t contrarium plu&longs;quam genus rei ad quam permu­<lb/>tatur. virtus <expan abbr="aut&etilde;">autem</expan> in eis e&longs;t manife&longs;ta magis, quàm in ea, à qua fit permutatio.” Modò videant i&longs;ti, <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg130"></arrow.to.target><lb/>num h&ecedil;c congruant cum iis, quæ narrantur è 2. Phy&longs;. tùm etiam cum cau&longs;sis ante allatis. Equi­<lb/>dem, vt fateor in his verbis, aut nullam contineri &longs;ententiam, aut eam maximè latêre; vt etiam cer­<lb/>tò credo nihil h&ecedil;c conuenire cum iis, quæ &longs;cribuntur 2. Phy&longs;. &longs;ic opinor vera &longs;en&longs;i&longs;&longs;e Auerroem <lb/>& tralatorum culpa loca hæc fui&longs;&longs;e con&longs;purcata; <expan abbr="faxit&qacute;">faxitque</expan>. Deus, ne alia permulta in tam graui &longs;cri­<lb/>ptore &longs;int hi&longs;ce con&longs;imilia, ne tantam iacturam philo&longs;ophi facerent. hæc certè talia &longs;unt, vt nullus <lb/>fortè &longs;en&longs;us ex eius verbis elici valeat. Cùm igitur ij, quos ego viderim, nihil afferant quo &longs;atis <lb/>commodè tueantur Auerroëm; nec eius &longs;ententiam fortè a&longs;&longs;equantur; audeo quoque dicere, <lb/>neque liceat vllam colligere; auguremur hîc nos; & &longs;imul cau&longs;&longs;am di&longs;criminis illius denomina­<lb/>tionum certiorem conemur afferre; & cum verbis Auerrois componere &longs;tudeamus. Mihi au­<lb/>tem videtur eiu&longs;modi varietatis cau&longs;&longs;am ex Philopono colligi po&longs;&longs;e quæ nititur duobus funda­<lb/>mentis; & primo quidem. Artificem non facere &longs;ibi &longs;imile, quemadmodum facit natura. <lb/>Quamobrem finis & efficiens idem nomen non habent in arte, &longs;icut habent in natura. Deinde <lb/>verò. In arte efficiens apparêre, & e&longs;&longs;e con&longs;picuum; finem verò non extare. quod euenire puto <lb/>in medicina; cum &longs;it ex eo genere artium, qu&ecedil; coniectura vtuntur, in quarum pote&longs;tate finis non <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg131"></arrow.to.target><lb/>e&longs;t po&longs;itus, & &longs;æpe fallit (loquor nunc de fine motionis, non autem de propo&longs;ito, quod e&longs;t in <lb/>mente artificis: etenim hic &longs;emper obiicitur; & initium e&longs;t vniuer&longs;arum actionum, nec fallit vn­<lb/>quam.) Ex his efficitur, vt nomen motionis in arte po&longs;sit &longs;umi diuer&longs;um à nomine finis, & <expan abbr="id&etilde;">idem</expan>. <lb/>ab efficiente tanquam noto deduci. Fortè igitur h&ecedil;c, vt Gr&ecedil;corum fuit expre&longs;&longs;or Auerroës, &longs;i­<lb/>gnificare volebat, quæ nos locum lap&longs;us aliis iudicantes, audacius. nunc veritatis ergo immuta­<lb/>uimus. Nam quod dicitur, permutationem e&longs;&longs;e genus rei, ad quam virtus permutatur, genus <lb/>exponimus, quòd habeat cognationem, ac virtutem <foreign lang="greek">diw/amin</foreign> .i. pote&longs;tatem materiæ &longs;ignificari di­<lb/>cimus: cognationem verò dicimus e&longs;&longs;e permutationis cum forma, ad quam materia tendit. <lb/>Cùm &longs;ubiicitur. Virtus e&longs;t contrarium magis quàm genus rei, ad quam virtus permutatur. Vir­<lb/>tutem hîc eodem nomine <foreign lang="greek">diw/amin</foreign> intelligo facultatem efficiendi, <emph type="sup"/>b<emph.end type="sup"/> quam &longs;tatuo magis <arrow.to.target n="marg132"></arrow.to.target> contra­<lb/><lb/>rium, hoc e&longs;t, diuer&longs;um, quam genus rei, ad quam virtus, qu&ecedil; e&longs;t materia, permutatur .i. quam for­<lb/>ma & finis; vbi noto di&longs;crimen inter finem & formam in arte, de quo dictum e&longs;t &longs;upra, & hanc <lb/>virtutem notiorem e&longs;&longs;e fateor, quàm eam, in quam fit permutatio, quæ e&longs;t finis. Sic paucis voci­<lb/>bus immutatis colligo &longs;en&longs;um è verbis Auerrois, quem item <expan abbr="cõtineri">contineri</expan> arbitror in 2. Phy&longs;. & quod <lb/>dicitur tanquam per di&longs;iunctionem prolatum, aut famo&longs;um, atque exponitur, quia &longs;ic videatur; <pb pagenum="14"/> <arrow.to.target n="marg133"></arrow.to.target><lb/>id ego credo &longs;ignificari, quod dictum e&longs;t, e&longs;&longs;e notius efficiens, quàm finem & <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> in artificiis. <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg134"></arrow.to.target><lb/>Tu nunc boni con&longs;ule. Quicquid tamen &longs;it; ab efficiente tanquam ab actu nominatio petitur. <lb/>Fuit hoc item in phy&longs;iologia præceptum Ari&longs;totelis, vt illa veluti <expan abbr="fundam&etilde;ta">fundamenta</expan> acciperentur <emph type="sup"/>a<emph.end type="sup"/> quæ <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg135"></arrow.to.target><lb/>in omnibus naturæ operibus eodem modo &longs;e haberent; quod item non modo à c&ecedil;teris phy&longs;icis <lb/>in hac methodo v&longs;urpatum fui&longs;&longs;e &longs;u&longs;picari po&longs;&longs;umus; verum etiam ab ip&longs;omet Ari&longs;totele &longs;ine vl­<lb/>la intermi&longs;sione ob&longs;eruatum fui&longs;&longs;e; cuiu&longs;modi illud e&longs;t. Naturam nihil efficere, quod fru&longs;tra <lb/>&longs;it; eandem niti in id, quod optimum e&longs;t, de quibus po&longs;thàc &longs;ermo habendus erit; eiu&longs;modi ta­<lb/>men, vt ab his de c&ecedil;teris debeat accipi fides, tot enim de principiis, quæ ad modum &longs;ciendi perti­<lb/>nent, dicta &longs;ufficiant.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg73"></margin.target>d 2. De <lb/><expan abbr="t&etilde;p">temp</expan>. cap. 2.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg74"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg75"></margin.target>e 1. Top.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg76"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg77"></margin.target>f Lib. ad­<lb/>uer&longs;us pla­<lb/>cita phil. <lb/>cap. 1.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg78"></margin.target>g 2. De c&ecedil;­<lb/>lo T. 34.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg79"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg80"></margin.target>a 2. De <lb/>An.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg81"></margin.target>b 4. Phy&longs;.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg82"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg83"></margin.target>c 1. De or­<lb/>tu.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg84"></margin.target>d 2. Po&longs;t.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg85"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg86"></margin.target>e 7. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg87"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg88"></margin.target>f 2. De <lb/>An.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg89"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg90"></margin.target>a Iand. 1. <lb/>de An. <expan abbr="q.">que</expan> <lb/>10.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg91"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg92"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg93"></margin.target>b 1. Po&longs;t. <lb/>C. de vni­<lb/>uer&longs;.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg94"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg95"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg96"></margin.target>a 7. Met. <lb/>1. de An.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg97"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg98"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg99"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg100"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg101"></margin.target>a 1. Phy&longs;. <lb/>T. 41. 50.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg102"></margin.target>b 1. Phy&longs;. <lb/>T. 35.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg103"></margin.target>c Lib. de <lb/>&longs;en&longs;u c. 6.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg104"></margin.target>d 1. Po&longs;t.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg105"></margin.target>e Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg106"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg107"></margin.target>f 1. Phy&longs;. <lb/>T. 42.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg108"></margin.target>g 8. Phy&longs;. <lb/>T. 15.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg109"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg110"></margin.target>h 2. De ge. <lb/>al. c. 4.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg111"></margin.target>i 2. de or­<lb/>tu T. 42.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg112"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg113"></margin.target>k 2. Phy&longs;. <lb/>T. 10. <lb/>2. de An. <lb/>T. 49.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg114"></margin.target>l 8. Met. <lb/>T. 7.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg115"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg116"></margin.target>a 2. Phy&longs;. <lb/>T. 10.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg117"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg118"></margin.target>b 7. Phy&longs;. <lb/>T. 14 39.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg119"></margin.target>c 3. Phy&longs;. <lb/>1. de an. <lb/>T. 78.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg120"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg121"></margin.target>d 2. Phy&longs;.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg122"></margin.target>e 5. Met. <lb/>Cap. de na­<lb/>tura.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg123"></margin.target>f 5. Phy&longs;. <lb/>T. 4.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg124"></margin.target>g 2. Phy&longs;. <lb/>T. 14.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg125"></margin.target>Cap. I.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg126"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg127"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg128"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg129"></margin.target>a Coll. e. 1. <lb/>4.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg130"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg131"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg132"></margin.target>b De c&ecedil;lo <lb/>T. 28.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg133"></margin.target>VII.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg134"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg135"></margin.target>a Libr. de <lb/>ince&longs;. an. <lb/>cap. 2.</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Aggredimur &longs;cientiæ principia, è quibus nonnulla con&longs;imiliter adumbrantur. Cap. III<emph.end type="italics"/>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>SVCCEDVNT nunc &longs;cientiæ principia, qu&ecedil; nos item iam cum acceptis concordantia &longs;ume­<lb/>mus; quippe quod vno &longs;en&longs;u niti contendimus, & huc omnia referri volumus in hac me­<lb/>thodo: neque h&ecedil;c munera tran&longs;ibimus, tamet&longs;i nouimus e&longs;&longs;e complura qu&ecedil; no&longs;tra placita fun­<lb/>ditus tollant, & euertant planè phy&longs;ica fundamenta.<lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg136"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg136"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Nos hîc phy&longs;icum agimus, & cau&longs;&longs;as reddere conamur problematum quæ renitenti per&longs;ua­<lb/>dere &longs;en&longs;u po&longs;simus: quicquid his cancellis excluditur, &longs;ublimiori philo&longs;opho delegamus, & <lb/>agno&longs;centes quàm parùm opibus humani iudicij freti valeamus, admiranda Dei O. M. opera con­<lb/>templantes vni & &longs;oli, conditori, motori, con&longs;eruatori, rerum vniuer&longs;arum creatori maximas gra­<lb/>tias agimus & habemus. His &longs;tantibus quæ conuelli nefas e&longs;t de re propo&longs;ita dicere aggredia­<lb/>mur primùm communiora tractantes, mox ad &longs;pecialia de&longs;cendentes. Neque hîc expectandum <lb/>e&longs;t, vt omnia generalia numerentur. Nos ea tantum recen&longs;ebimus quæ aliquam declarationem <lb/>requirunt, quæ verò in omni &longs;cientiarum ordine certa & explorata &longs;unt, vt auditoris mentem <lb/>nullo modo torqueant, de indu&longs;tria præteribimus, & ea poti&longs;simè con&longs;ectabimur quæ non di­<lb/>cam maioris ponderis, aut v&longs;us erunt; &longs;ed quorum maior affinitas erit cum rebus naturalibus. </s></p> <p type="main"> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg137"></arrow.to.target><lb/>Inter hæc autem illud placet e&longs;&longs;e primum. Omne ens e&longs;&longs;e &longs;ub&longs;tantiam vel accidens, ita vt nulla <lb/>&longs;it res quæ inter &longs;ub&longs;tantiam & accidens intercedat & indicabimus quemadmodum hæc di&longs;tri­<lb/>butio per omnia pertineat quæ in rerum vniuer&longs;itate exi&longs;tunt, &longs;iue animum re&longs;piciant, &longs;eu cor­<lb/>pus. In primis autem in hac rudi & inchoata notitia quam modò per&longs;equimur. Ens quod per <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg138"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;en&longs;um &longs;e&longs;e in&longs;inuat, iudicari putamus. itaque &longs;ub&longs;tantiam &longs;en&longs;ilem quæ ex materia <expan abbr="forma&qacute;">formaque</expan>. <lb/>conflata e&longs;t & accidens quod illi inh&ecedil;ret & nouem pr&ecedil;dicamenta complectitur, ea partitione <lb/>comprehendi volumus, quidquid pr&ecedil;ter hæc exi&longs;tit, non vt notum nobis & vt principium &longs;ta­<lb/>tuetur; quippe quod longa commentatione opus &longs;it, ad inueniendum aliud &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ genus vl­<lb/>tra &longs;en&longs;ilem. Verùm quicquid in rerum natura extat, quicquid item in no&longs;tram cogitationem <lb/>cadit, ad hæc duo capita refertur. Neque enim nos induci po&longs;&longs;umus, vt aliter cogitemus, quàm <lb/>quòd quodcunque e&longs;t, &longs;it &longs;ubiectum, aut in &longs;ubiecto. Itaque quod concipitur, tamet&longs;i non e&longs;t <lb/>&longs;ub&longs;tantia &longs;en&longs;ilis, aut accidens; nihilominus affert nobis notionem &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ vel accidentis. <lb/>Et planè ratio cogit vt credamus omne quod e&longs;t generatim aut &longs;ubiectum e&longs;&longs;e, aut in &longs;ubiecto, <lb/>aut &longs;altem ho&longs;ce ip&longs;ius e&longs;&longs;e modos imitari. En tibi Deum; hunc philo&longs;ophia demon&longs;trat vnum <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e atque adeò &longs;implici&longs;simum, nihil in &longs;eip&longs;o habens quod ab ip&longs;o &longs;egregetur. Itaque nullius <lb/>&longs;ubiectum, in eo nihil. Et tamen harum rerum nobis familiarium exemplo ducta mens no&longs;tra <lb/>Deum concipit, & ita cogitat ac &longs;i quidpiam in illo in&longs;it, quamuis nullis &longs;ubiiciatur <expan abbr="accid&etilde;tibus">accidentibus</expan>, <lb/>à &longs;en&longs;uum con&longs;uetudine &longs;e reuocare non valens. Ergo ens etiam, quodcunque &longs;it, aut e&longs;t acci­<lb/>dens, aut &longs;ub&longs;tantia, aut per modum accidentis &longs;ub&longs;tantiæúe comprehenditur: & vt <arrow.to.target n="marg139"></arrow.to.target> comprehen­<lb/><lb/>ditur, ita ei&longs;dem figuræ dictionibus exprimitur. Quare audis aliquando Deum <foreign lang="greek">u(pezou/sion</foreign>, & vl­<lb/>tra &longs;ub&longs;tantiam, & tamen explicas nomine quo &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ modus exprimitur; dicis nonnulla e&longs;­<lb/>&longs;e ad aliquid (vt vulgò fertur) &longs;ecundum famam, & &longs;ecundum dici: &longs;ic illas e&longs;&longs;e non re vera qua­<lb/>litates, &longs;ed ita modo qualitatis ip&longs;ius proprio notari. Neque ob&longs;tat id quod Scotus opponit, ali­<lb/>quid obiici menti no&longs;tr&ecedil; quod ignoremus &longs;ub&longs;tantia'ne &longs;it, an accidens, vt de natura luminis op­<lb/>poni &longs;olet. <expan abbr="Nanq;">Nanque</expan> et&longs;i ignorauero vtrum &longs;it di&longs;tinctè; non tamen aliam habebo notionem quam <lb/>quòd &longs;ubiectum &longs;it, aut in &longs;ubiecto, nec vt quiddam ab hi&longs;ce notionibus alienum vllo tempore <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg140"></arrow.to.target><lb/>cogitabo. Opponet aliquis &longs;pecies rerum quæ &longs;unt in anima: neque enim &longs;unt &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ, cùm <lb/>&longs;int in aliquo; neque &longs;unt accidentia, aut formæ quæ in &longs;ubiecto in&longs;ideant quippe quòd ab hoc <lb/>inh&ecedil;rentium genere &longs;ubiectum nuncupari con&longs;uerit, vt ab albedine album: atqui non albus <arrow.to.target n="marg141"></arrow.to.target> ani­<lb/><lb/>mus nominatur. Tùm &longs;ecundò Differentiæ non &longs;unt &longs;ub&longs;tanti&ecedil;: <emph type="sup"/>b<emph.end type="sup"/> eædem prædicantur vniuocè <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg142"></arrow.to.target><lb/>de &longs;ub&longs;tantia: quare neque item &longs;unt accidentia. Tertiò omnia pr&ecedil;dicamenta cùm &longs;ub&longs;tantia, <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg143"></arrow.to.target><lb/>tùm quoque accidentia prædicantur in quid e&longs;t. Sed accidens quod à reliquis vniuer&longs;alibus <arrow.to.target n="marg144"></arrow.to.target> di­<lb/><lb/>&longs;tinguitur, de nullo pr&ecedil;dicatur in quid: non igitur &longs;ub&longs;tantia vel accidens. At quod ad &longs;pecies <pb pagenum="15"/> <arrow.to.target n="marg145"></arrow.to.target><lb/>attinet; ille qui negat eas e&longs;&longs;e accidentia, &longs;peciei naturam ignorare videtur. Nam &longs;iue &longs;it &longs;en&longs;i­<lb/>lis, &longs;eu talis, qu&ecedil; mente concipienda &longs;it, e&longs;t actus quidam &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ cuiu&longs;piam à forma defluens, <lb/>& aduentitiè: inhærens, vt in aëre lumen à lucido corpore emi&longs;&longs;um. Sic in animo &longs;pecies, & &longs;i­<lb/>mulachra &longs;e habent. Itaque docet Ari&longs;toteles, has &longs;pecies in &longs;anguine & &longs;piritu in&longs;idere, <emph type="sup"/>a<emph.end type="sup"/> & ita <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg146"></arrow.to.target><lb/>menti offerre res à quibus emittuntur vt lumen &longs;olem nobis o&longs;tendit à quo effunditur. Idcirco <lb/>geminam rationem & vim &longs;pecies obtinent: alteram qna &longs;unt habitus, & ita qualitates, atque <lb/>alteram, qua &longs;unt &longs;imilitudines & re&longs;pectus, &longs;iue habitudines, qua referunt obiecta. Sunt igitur <lb/>&longs;pecies accidentia. Neque ita ab&longs;urdum e&longs;t à &longs;pecie facultates animi nominari, quin vi&longs;io co­<lb/>lorata dicatur, & animus fieri leo & equus; &longs;icut manus cum en&longs;e fit en&longs;is & cum calamo cala­<lb/>mus: ex quo etiam dicitur forma formarum &longs;ic vt manus organus organorum. Differentiæ <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg147"></arrow.to.target><lb/>quoque ad alterum ex his membris nece&longs;&longs;ariò referuntur: ac &longs;i quo pacto media &longs;int habendæ <lb/>inter accidens & &longs;ub&longs;tantiam, &longs;ic &longs;tatuendum e&longs;t eas non per vtriu&longs;que extremi negationem, <lb/>&longs;ed participationem potius eiu&longs;modi e&longs;&longs;e. Nam cùm in prædicamentis in&longs;it ratio duplex; al­<lb/>tera quidem, qua rerum natura con&longs;tituitur; vnde earum formas proprias, & communes ordi­<lb/>ne quodam proponunt; altera verò qua formas illas voce declarant, & certa loquendi for­<lb/>mula &longs;ignificant. Si rem &longs;pectes differentia pror&longs;us e&longs;t &longs;ub&longs;tantia: &longs;i verò modum aduertas, quo <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg148"></arrow.to.target><lb/>voce exprimitur, imitatur qualitatem. Non e&longs;t enim in &longs;ubiecto differentia, &longs;ed dicitur <lb/>de &longs;ubiecto; &longs;ub&longs;tat etiam: quandò aliqua ip&longs;am con&longs;equuntur & peream pertinent ad &longs;ub­<lb/>&longs;tantiam compo&longs;itam: quamobrem e&longs;t &longs;ubiectum, quòd primò excipit & pars eius quod de­<lb/>nominatur. Etenim notio &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ vtrunque &longs;ubiecti genus amplectitur. &longs;iquidem ani­<lb/>mus &longs;it &longs;ubiectum, & corpus itidem in quo e&longs;t animus. Id verò, quòd accidens à Porphy­<lb/>rio de&longs;criptum ab illo accidente &longs;eparetur, quod in entis diui&longs;ione accipimus non prohi­<lb/>bet, quominus afferat aliquam notionem ex his quæ in &longs;ub&longs;tantia, vel accidente continentur. <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg149"></arrow.to.target><lb/>Nanque accidens, vt e&longs;t aliquid &longs;ub&longs;tanti&ecedil;, & vt &longs;ub&longs;tantia &longs;ic affecta; &longs;ic etiam imaginem &longs;ub­<lb/>&longs;tantiæ retinet, & eius aliqua ve&longs;tigia qua&longs;i fingit, & imitatur. Ex his a&longs;&longs;equutum e&longs;t, vt prædi­<lb/>cetur in quid, <emph type="sup"/>b<emph.end type="sup"/> & &longs;it ratio &longs;u&longs;cipiendi nonnullas proprietates. Itaque quantum e&longs;t e&longs;&longs;entia <arrow.to.target n="marg150"></arrow.to.target> li­<lb/><lb/>neæ; <emph type="sup"/>c<emph.end type="sup"/> <expan abbr="idem&qacute;">idemque</expan>. finitatis &longs;ubiectum & æqualitatis particeps; quapropter omnia propter quantum <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg151"></arrow.to.target><lb/>finita vel infinita dicuntur. referunt ergo &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ notionem. neque id, quod ita ine&longs;t in acci­<lb/>dente, ine&longs;t àc &longs;i foret accidens. quî enim cogitari pote&longs;t aliquod accidens in altero, vt in acciden­<lb/>te in&longs;idere? &longs;emper enim mens illud ve&longs;tigaret, cui in&longs;idet; & in infinitum producta non <arrow.to.target n="marg152"></arrow.to.target> habe­<lb/><lb/>ret vbi &longs;i&longs;tere valeret. Sed &longs;ic inh&ecedil;ret, vt in &longs;ubiecto: atque iam hoc notionem &longs;ub&longs;tanti&ecedil; præ­<lb/>&longs;efert. tamet&longs;i moneo in ea notione accidentis vnà notionem &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ concipi, & ita cogitari <lb/>quantum e&longs;&longs;e finitatis &longs;ubiectum: qua&longs;i &longs;ubiectum &longs;it &longs;ub&longs;tantia quanta notionem accidentis &longs;e­<lb/>paratam non e&longs;&longs;e perpetuò defendens, &longs;ed incomplexam quidem, quia &longs;it vna notio accidentis <lb/>cum &longs;ub&longs;tantia; ac &longs;i denominatum aliquod cogitemus. Tum verò e&longs;t accidens, & ita definitur <lb/>à Porphyrio, & in Topicis; quatenus ad aliud refertur, &longs;ine quò &longs;anè non exi&longs;tat, &longs;ed e&longs;&longs;entiali vin­<lb/>culo non iungatur. Non igitur re, &longs;ed modo & habitudine accidens à c&ecedil;teris vniuer&longs;alibus &longs;epa­<lb/>ratur, & ab ip&longs;is prædicamentis. Ita fit, vt nulla notio &longs;it quæ fugiat alterutram notionem &longs;ub­<lb/>&longs;tantiæ vel accidentis. multò minus aliqua res excluditur illa partitione: quod vereor ne dare <lb/>cogantur ij, qui elementorum formas intendi & remitti volunt; quia <expan abbr="mediã">mediam</expan> vim obtineant inter <lb/>accidens & &longs;ub&longs;tantiam. Et profectò notio form&ecedil; &longs;emper e&longs;t, vt &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ, cùm ip&longs;a multa &longs;u­<lb/>&longs;tineat, quæ compo&longs;ito impertit. Atqui dices, ita imperfecta e&longs;t, vt accidenti con&longs;imilis e&longs;&longs;e vi­<lb/>deatur. At non e&longs;t hoc alterius extremi naturam participare, & &longs;ubiacere conditionibus acci­<lb/>dentis; &longs;ed in genere &longs;ub&longs;tanti&ecedil; contineri, & vim retinere &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ; &longs;ed eam defeti&longs;centem, & <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg153"></arrow.to.target><lb/>imbecillem, conditiones eiu&longs;dem, licet infimo quodam modo, accipientem. Quare medium <lb/>non admittunt accidens & &longs;ub&longs;tantia. Verumenimuero accidens in nouem genera di&longs;tribui­<lb/>tur; quod item in omni &longs;cientia, arte, & methodo recipitur, vt per&longs;picuum. Nam lu&longs;tranti quot <lb/>modis res in mentem no&longs;tram, &longs;eu rectius dixerim, &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ cadere queant, & quot modis voce <lb/>explicari, & alteri &longs;ignificari po&longs;sint, hi decem &longs;oli occurrant. Itaque & dialecticus hæc decem <lb/>principia rerum accipit, & moralis, & philo&longs;ophi omnes, quorum &longs;ingulis vnum par attribuunt <lb/>contrariorum. Id quod inde arbitror colligi, quia genus e&longs;t vnumquodque ex his principiis <lb/>quæ pr&ecedil;dicamenta dicuntur; genus autem præ&longs;efert quiddam quod &longs;ecari po&longs;sit in oppo&longs;itas <lb/>differentias. <emph type="sup"/>d<emph.end type="sup"/> Nunc differentia perfectè, ide&longs;t, per extrema interualla &longs;unt ip&longs;a prima contraria: <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg154"></arrow.to.target><lb/>in vnoquoque genere igitur &longs;unt prima contraria; perfectè verò differentia mon&longs;trat inductio, <lb/><emph type="sup"/>e<emph.end type="sup"/> vt album & nigrum, dulce & amarum, rationis compos, & impos, æquale & in&ecedil;quale. Porrò <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg155"></arrow.to.target><lb/>prima contraria cùm bifariam &longs;umi po&longs;sint vel &longs;ecundum rationem, vel &longs;ecundum rem, ac &longs;ecun­<lb/>dum rationem quidem forma & priuatio quæ maximo di&longs;tant interuallo, vt nihil longinquius <lb/>in ordine rerum mens concipere queat, nec quicquam &longs;it, quod minus alterutrius natur&ecedil; &longs;it par­<lb/>ticeps quàm e&longs;&longs;e & non e&longs;&longs;e, &longs;unt verò &longs;ecundum rationem, quòd con&longs;i&longs;tunt terminis, quibus <pb pagenum="16"/>nihil e&longs;t <expan abbr="cõmune">commune</expan> vniuocum, ente .&longs;. & non ente &longs;ecundum <expan abbr="r&etilde;">rem</expan> verò oppo&longs;ita po&longs;itiuè: nanque tali <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg156"></arrow.to.target><lb/>quodam oppo&longs;ito &longs;emper priuatio nititur, ea verò &longs;emper &longs;unt aut in eodem genere, aut diuer­<lb/>&longs;orum generum, aut ip&longs;a diuer&longs;a genera, &longs;emper tamen in eodem prædicamento. illa nos hic <lb/>accipimus, quæ &longs;unt prima &longs;ecundum rationem, quæ duo in vnoquoque genere prima defendi­<lb/>mus: & cùm genus, vel vt prædicatum in quid, vel vt &longs;ubiectum con&longs;iderari po&longs;sit, cùm ex illis <lb/>item duplex contrariorum genus exi&longs;tat; <emph type="sup"/>a<emph.end type="sup"/> ex primo quod appellatur &longs;ecundum formam, ex <arrow.to.target n="marg157"></arrow.to.target> po­<lb/><lb/>&longs;teriore quod &longs;ecundum materiam; hoc quidem quod præ&longs;efert aliquam vici&longs;situdinem, illud <lb/>verò immutabile: & &longs;ecundum rationem quoque in vtroque prima contraria formam, & pri­<lb/>uationem e&longs;&longs;e dicimus, cùm &longs;ecundum rem multa ip&longs;orum paria po&longs;sint exi&longs;tere. hinc eiu&longs;dem <lb/>generis multæ oppo&longs;itæ differentiæ quarum nullus e&longs;t ordo; <emph type="sup"/>b<emph.end type="sup"/> veruntamen omnes re&longs;oluuntur <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg158"></arrow.to.target><lb/>in contradictionem, vel oppo&longs;itionem habitus & priuationis, vt rationis particeps, & brutum, <lb/>in brutum, & non brutum, rationis particeps, & non. Ob eamque rem acceptum e&longs;t &longs;ine pro­<lb/>batione ab Ari&longs;totele. In vno genere vnum e&longs;&longs;e par contrariorum primum. Hæc, tamet&longs;i pri­<lb/>mum re&longs;piciunt genus, quod pr&ecedil;dicatur, &longs;iue pertinent ad genus, quod e&longs;t vt &longs;ubiectum & ma­<lb/>teria; re&longs;piciunt quoque facultates, vt &longs;cientiam & medicinam; quòd ea &longs;it obiecti cuiu&longs;piam, <lb/>in quo contraria exi&longs;tunt: nimirum corporis humani, quod capax e&longs;t bonæ <expan abbr="mal&ecedil;&qacute;">mal&ecedil;que</expan>. valetudinis. <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg159"></arrow.to.target><lb/>Vnum verò contraria non e&longs;&longs;e docemur ex vi terminorum: &longs;iquidem contraria contineant ha­<lb/>bitudinem quæ non con&longs;i&longs;tit in vno: non e&longs;&longs;e verò plura quàm duo ratio conuincit & &longs;i obijci­<lb/>tur virtus & medium quæ duobus vitijs & extremis aduer&longs;antur: nam contrarietas, vt &longs;ic dixe­<lb/>rim, e&longs;t maxima differentia; &longs;i maxima perfecta, &longs;i perfecta finita: quapropter extra illam nihil <lb/>accipi pote&longs;t. Ergo duo &longs;unt &longs;olum ip&longs;a contraria; aliter vltra extremum aliquid e&longs;&longs;et. Etenim <lb/>cogitare oportet contraria continere &longs;patium quoddam: veluti terminos, quod indicat &longs;en&longs;us. <lb/>Omnis autem vnius &longs;patij terminati duo &longs;unt termini non plures: aut enim termini non e&longs;&longs;ent <lb/>intra illos; & &longs;ic contraria non maximè di&longs;tarent: aut illi termini non e&longs;&longs;et; proinde neque con­<lb/>traria, &longs;i qua maior e&longs;&longs;et di&longs;tantia. Duo &longs;unt igitur extrema. Ergo & omnis contrarietatis, h&ecedil;c <lb/>verò contraria &longs;unt. Nec ob&longs;tant medium & virtus. nam medium non opponitur extremis vt <lb/>contrarium, &longs;ed vt ad aliquid: & virtus opponitur vitijs, vt moderatum immoderato, vel vt bo­<lb/>num malo: nunc mali & immoderati du&ecedil; &longs;unt &longs;pecies plus & minus ex quo exi&longs;tunt vitia. Sed <lb/>redeo ad illa. Quicquid e&longs;t, e&longs;&longs;e &longs;ub&longs;tantiam vel accidens. eodem quoque gradu procedunt <lb/>&longs;ub&longs;tantiæ partes & accidentis: &longs;iquidem partes accidentia accidentia &longs;int, & qualitatis qualita­<lb/>tes, quanti quanta, & c&ecedil;terorum omnium partes pro ratione. Quamquam nonnulli &longs;ub&longs;tanti&ecedil; <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg160"></arrow.to.target><lb/>partes in dubium reuocarunt; & rationibus quibu&longs;dam colligere voluerunt partes <expan abbr="&longs;ub&longs;tantiarũ">&longs;ub&longs;tantiarum</expan> <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg161"></arrow.to.target><lb/>non e&longs;&longs;e &longs;ub&longs;tantias, eorum ergo rationes diluere placet, ne fortè nos po&longs;tea perturbet. In primis <lb/>illi accipiunt. In quibu&longs;cunque finis aliquis e&longs;t, huius gratia agitur quod prius e&longs;t, <expan abbr="quod&qacute;">quodque</expan>. con­<lb/>&longs;equitur. Sed animata corpora fiunt è &longs;implicibus & pror&longs;us inanimis. Ergo &longs;implicia & inani­<lb/>ma animatorum gratia &longs;unt. Itaque illorum forma; &longs;iquidem finis & forma idem &longs;int poti&longs;si­<lb/>mè in habentibus animam. Signo etiam e&longs;&longs;e pote&longs;t: nanque vbi &longs;eparentur à toto animato, non <lb/>amplius eandem &longs;eruant rationem, &longs;ed ambiguè talia &longs;unt, nec digitus amputatus amplius digi­<lb/>tus appellatur. Deinde mixta inanima carent fine: non ergo &longs;unt &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ. Probatur verò <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg162"></arrow.to.target><lb/>antecedens. quòd de illis di&longs;&longs;erens Ari&longs;toteles efficiens expo&longs;uit & materiam: de illorum fine <lb/>meminit nu&longs;quam. quod verò con&longs;equitur, ita colligitur. Nam quicquid e&longs;t vel e&longs;t &longs;ub&longs;tantia <lb/>vel accidens. At accidentia fiunt ex con&longs;equente; neque finem omnino habent: ergo quicquid <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg163"></arrow.to.target><lb/>habet finem e&longs;t nece&longs;&longs;ariò &longs;ub&longs;tantia. Po&longs;tremò lapides & metalla putre&longs;cunt &longs;olùm & ita cor­<lb/>rumpuntur; atque aliter ac animalia, ip&longs;a enim prius corrumpuntur, po&longs;tea putre&longs;cunt. quòd &longs;i <lb/>non corrumpuntur; nec generantur igitur. &longs;i non generantur: ergo neque &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ &longs;unt, <arrow.to.target n="marg164"></arrow.to.target> &longs;iqui­<lb/><lb/>dem generatio &longs;it propria &longs;ub&longs;tantiarum. Sed enim mihi videtur Ari&longs;toteles etiam cum &longs;ub&longs;tan­<lb/>tijs partes &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ numerare, & tradere notas, quibus eas digno&longs;camus e&longs;&longs;e &longs;ub&longs;tantias, quo­<lb/>modocunque &longs;int &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ partes. quando no&longs;ti partes &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ dupliciter e&longs;&longs;e, vel quæ cor­<lb/>poris totius molem compleant, quas integrantes cum c&ecedil;teris vocare liceat, vel eas quibus e&longs;&longs;en­<lb/>tia continetur. Nam &longs;i integrantes accipias, ob&longs;eruabis eas collocari in natura con&longs;tantibus, quæ <lb/>&longs;ub&longs;tantiæ &longs;unt, at differunt ab accidentibus quæ &longs;unt ex natura. <emph type="sup"/>c<emph.end type="sup"/> hæc verò ex materia & forma <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg165"></arrow.to.target><lb/>componuntur quæ per &longs;e &longs;unt; & idcirco illa etiam quæ con&longs;tantur ex his, &longs;ub&longs;tanti&ecedil; &longs;unt, per&longs;pi­<lb/>cuè verò numerantur in &longs;ub&longs;tantiis <emph type="sup"/>d<emph.end type="sup"/> c&ecedil;li <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> <expan abbr="animantium&qacute;">animantiumque</expan>. partes ab Ari&longs;totele. <emph type="sup"/>e<emph.end type="sup"/> &longs;i <arrow.to.target n="marg166"></arrow.to.target> rur­<lb/><lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg167"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;us in&longs;picias e&longs;&longs;enti&ecedil; partes. hæ quoque tanquam membra &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ recen&longs;entur: cùm &longs;ub&longs;tan­<lb/>tia triplex &longs;it, compo&longs;itum, forma, & materia, quæ &longs;unt partes compo&longs;iti. Idem quoque Ari&longs;to­<lb/>teles illa monet e&longs;&longs;e &longs;ub&longs;tantias, <emph type="sup"/>f<emph.end type="sup"/> qu&ecedil; non &longs;unt in &longs;ubiecto; &longs;ed elementorum, metallorum, <arrow.to.target n="marg168"></arrow.to.target> <expan abbr="viuen-tium&qacute;">viuen­<lb/><lb/>tiumque</expan>. partes non &longs;unt in &longs;ubiecto, <expan abbr="eædem&qacute;">eædemque</expan>. &longs;unt hoc aliquid. cur ergo &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ non erunt? <lb/>Docuit item partes &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ &longs;ub&longs;tantias e&longs;&longs;e quandoquidem id quod &longs;e habet vt accidens, & <lb/>e&longs;t in &longs;ubiecto, non e&longs;t pars: v&longs;que adeo vt neque credam partem quanti in quanto e&longs;&longs;e vt acci­ <pb pagenum="17"/> <arrow.to.target n="marg169"></arrow.to.target><lb/>dens, nec partem qualis in quali & idem alibi te&longs;tatus e&longs;t &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ partes e&longs;&longs;e &longs;ub&longs;tantias: aliter <lb/>efficitur, vt &longs;ub&longs;tantia fieret è non &longs;ub&longs;tantia. Neque argumentationes diluere mea quidem &longs;en­<lb/>tentia difficile e&longs;t; &longs;iquidem in prima &longs;ub&longs;it fallacia ab eo, quod e&longs;t quodammodo ad id quod <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg170"></arrow.to.target><lb/>e&longs;t &longs;impliciter. Nanque & &longs;i animus e&longs;t inanimorum finis, quòd per varias mutationes, & fata <lb/>promoueri po&longs;sint ad formam nobili&longs;simam, & hoc poti&longs;simè natura re&longs;piciat; at non de&longs;erit <lb/>illa, neque &longs;poliat omni forma, neque ex omni gradu &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ deturbat. Et videt qui&longs;que ho­<lb/>minem e&longs;&longs;e cui tanquam fini reliqua natura parauerit: nihilominus &longs;ingula per &longs;e con&longs;tituit, vt <lb/>etiam extra hominem &longs;ub&longs;i&longs;tere queant. Animus igitur e&longs;t finis, &longs;ed remotus, alius e&longs;t finis pro­<lb/>prius, qui item in ordine &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ collocatur, quo neque cetera carent qu&ecedil; non viuunt. Neque <lb/>eorum finis e&longs;t animus &longs;impliciter: &longs;ed tum finis e&longs;t, cùm &longs;ic ip&longs;a di&longs;po&longs;uit alma parens natura, <lb/>vt talis forma proximè po&longs;sit induci, veluti finis marmoris non e&longs;t &longs;tatua, ni&longs;i, cùm iam marmor <lb/>expoliri cœpit; nihilominus per proprium finem <expan abbr="propriam&qacute;ue">propriamque</expan> formam exi&longs;tit. Confirmatio <lb/>quoque fallax e&longs;t præ&longs;eferens errorem in con&longs;equente. Nanque & &longs;i partes à toto &longs;eiunctæ &longs;unt <lb/>ambiguè animalia &longs;eu partes, at non &longs;unt ambiguè &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ. Accipitur item mixta inanima <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg171"></arrow.to.target><lb/>carere fine. Tùm etiam ponitur accidens carere fine. Et &longs;anè accidens fine careat, non nece&longs;&longs;e <lb/>e&longs;t; vt os pellucidum e&longs;t, ne offendamus. <expan abbr="Fal&longs;um&qacute;">Fal&longs;umque</expan>. e&longs;t mixta carere fine. Nam &longs;i partes <arrow.to.target n="marg172"></arrow.to.target> ani­<lb/><lb/>malium futur&ecedil; &longs;int; iam animus pr&ecedil;&longs;to e&longs;t. &longs;i minus; at tum per propriam formam exi&longs;tunt. <lb/>Neque fines i&longs;ti ab Ari&longs;totele pr&ecedil;termi&longs;si &longs;unt, vt primo de part. anim. <emph type="sup"/>a<emph.end type="sup"/> Id planè verum e&longs;t <arrow.to.target n="marg173"></arrow.to.target> eo­<lb/><lb/>rum formas latere magis quo ad elementa propius accedunt. Quanquam, &longs;i formam &longs;yllo­<lb/>gi&longs;mi &longs;pectemus, impotens e&longs;t, quippe quæ &longs;ic complicetur. Omne accidens caret fine. Mixta <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg174"></arrow.to.target><lb/>inanima carent fine. Sunt igitur accidentia. Ex eo quod form&ecedil; latent, extat temperies, per <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> <lb/>formæ de&longs;cribantur; fit, vt putredinis illorum ratio duntaxat habeatur, nulla interitus. euidens <lb/>enim temperies e&longs;t, forma autem &longs;ubob&longs;cura. Nil ergo medium habent accidens & &longs;ub&longs;tantia: <lb/>ordinem plan<emph type="italics"/>è<emph.end type="italics"/> habent; &longs;ed medio vacant. Nanque &longs;ub&longs;tantia prior e&longs;t accidente omnibus mo­<lb/>dis, <emph type="sup"/>b<emph.end type="sup"/> &longs;i &longs;impliciter accipiatur. quando neque re neque ratione &longs;eparatur accidens à &longs;ub&longs;tantia, &longs;i <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg175"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;en&longs;um con&longs;ulimus, quem no&longs;træ methodi normam e&longs;&longs;e volumus. &longs;emper igitur rationem &longs;ub­<lb/>&longs;tantiæ flagitat, <expan abbr="plurimum&qacute;">plurimumque</expan>. tempore con&longs;equitur, quòd accidens illi &longs;uperueniat, quod iam e&longs;t <lb/>in actu. Sed &longs;i proprium &longs;it <expan abbr="perpetuo&qacute;">perpetuoque</expan>. inhærens, &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ notio dicitur antecedere, quando­<lb/>quidem &longs;ine illo &longs;ub&longs;tantia concipi pote&longs;t. ni&longs;i tempus fortè non vt vulgò conuenit; &longs;ed vt non­<lb/>nunquam apud veteres metaphoricè pro nobilitate <expan abbr="præ&longs;tantia&qacute;">præ&longs;tantiaque</expan>. &longs;umatur. idem enim valet <arrow.to.target n="marg176"></arrow.to.target> ma­<lb/><lb/>ximè honorandum, & vetu&longs;ti&longs;simum <emph type="sup"/>c<emph.end type="sup"/>. Propterea quoque Galenus <emph type="sup"/>d<emph.end type="sup"/> ob venerationem &longs;olitus <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg177"></arrow.to.target><lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg178"></arrow.to.target><lb/>e&longs;t vocare Hippocratem <foreign lang="greek">palaio\n</foreign>, ide&longs;t veterem. Neque præcurrentes affectiones ob&longs;tant, quæ <lb/>rei generandæ anteire videantur: nanque illa &longs;ub&longs;tantia nituntur, quæ interit, dum altera gene­<lb/>ratur. Itaque &longs;ub&longs;tantia accidenti &longs;impliciter antecedit, vt phy&longs;icè &longs;umi queat, &longs;ub&longs;tantiam ex <lb/>non &longs;ub&longs;tantia fieri non po&longs;&longs;e; <emph type="sup"/>e<emph.end type="sup"/> quòd &longs;ub&longs;tanti&ecedil; nihil antecedat. Quare & hoc in principijs <arrow.to.target n="marg179"></arrow.to.target> re­<lb/><lb/>ponetur, cùm ab Ari&longs;totele &longs;ine ratione &longs;umatur, qua&longs;i cum proximo effato idem valeat. Cum <lb/>&longs;ub&longs;tantia prior &longs;it omnibus modis accidente, patet etiam, accidens à &longs;ub&longs;tantia &longs;eparari <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> po&longs;­<lb/>&longs;e, neque reip&longs;a, neque cogitatione. atque adeo, vt nonmodo quod &longs;it, quod e&longs;t actu e&longs;&longs;e, &longs;iue <lb/>exi&longs;tere, & quod Gr&ecedil;corum vulgus <foreign lang="greek">u)pa/zxein</foreign> appellat, verumetiam quòd &longs;it, ide&longs;t e&longs;&longs;entiam <lb/>obtineat, quæ per definitionem explicatur, acceptum &longs;ub&longs;tanti&ecedil; referat. E&longs;t enim acci­<lb/>dens in &longs;ubiecto, ide&longs;t ita in alio, vt e&longs;&longs;e nequeat &longs;ine illo in quo e&longs;t, non tamen vt pars, & e&longs;t <lb/>aliud quid exi&longs;tens, non &longs;cilicet per &longs;e, &longs;ed per aliud, non quantitas, &longs;ed &longs;ub&longs;tantia quanta, & in <lb/>&longs;ub&longs;tantiam denique re&longs;oluitur. Nec cogitari pote&longs;t accidens &longs;ine &longs;ub&longs;tantia; &longs;iquidem e&longs;&longs;e in <lb/>&longs;ubiecto &longs;it eius natura à qua accidentis ratio diuelli nequit <emph type="sup"/>f<emph.end type="sup"/>. Inconueniens enim e&longs;t (inquit <arrow.to.target n="marg180"></arrow.to.target> Ari­<lb/><lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg181"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;toteles) ip&longs;um &longs;eparare, &longs;i oportet <expan abbr="incõueniens">inconueniens</expan> dicere id, quod fieri nequit. nullum enim <expan abbr="aliorũ">aliorum</expan> <lb/>&longs;eparari pote&longs;t pr&ecedil;ter <expan abbr="&longs;ub&longs;tantiã">&longs;ub&longs;tantiam</expan>: <expan abbr="nanq;">nanque</expan> omnia de &longs;ubiecto dicuntur ip&longs;a &longs;ub&longs;tantia. Nec id menti <lb/>&longs;uccedere pote&longs;t; cùm &longs;it inconueniens illa mens quæ quærit ea quæ fieri nequeunt, & id aggre­<lb/>ditur quod effici non pote&longs;t. Valet ad id quoque firmandum, quòd multò magis &longs;unt formæ na­<lb/>turales quàm accidentia, neque tamen formæ naturales à materia <expan abbr="motu&qacute;">motuque</expan>. &longs;eparantur, multo mi­<lb/>nus igitur accidentia præ&longs;ertim quæ &longs;en&longs;ilia &longs;unt: neque mens (vt mea fert &longs;ententia) rerum na­<lb/>turas immutare pote&longs;t. Sed accipiat hic Ari&longs;toteles &longs;egregationem, quam natura præ&longs;tat de ea <lb/>quæ mentis opera cogitando fit, nihil agat. Atqui neque accidens citra &longs;ub&longs;tantiam cogitare licet. <lb/>Te&longs;tem apello Themi&longs;tium qui monet, ne cogitatione quidem accidens à &longs;ub&longs;tantia &longs;eparari <lb/>po&longs;&longs;e, re autem multo minus. Sub&longs;tantia planè à ceterorum generum vniuer&longs;itate pote&longs;t &longs;epa­<lb/>rari non &longs;anè quod accidentibus omnino &longs;en&longs;ilis &longs;ub&longs;tantia nudetur: &longs;ed, quia &longs;ub&longs;tantia vna <expan abbr="ea-dem&qacute;">ea­<lb/>demque</expan>. ad numerum permanens, modo hoc modo illud accipiat. Deinde quæ mens &longs;euocare po­<lb/>te&longs;t rem à &longs;ua quidditate? &longs;imile enim foret ac &longs;i hominem aliud e&longs;&longs;e cogitarem, quàm animal <lb/>ratione vtens. Cùm ergo &longs;ub&longs;tantia compleat quidditatem accidentis planum quod accidens à <lb/>&longs;ub&longs;tantia non pote&longs;t ab&longs;olui, &longs;ub&longs;tantiam verò &longs;impliciter accipio non ignarus ab hac vel illa <pb pagenum="18"/>&longs;ub&longs;tantiæ &longs;pecie accidens, & cogitatione & re &longs;eiungi po&longs;&longs;e, vt ab homine album. Fortè <arrow.to.target n="marg182"></arrow.to.target> re&longs;pon­<lb/><lb/>debis. Accidens præ&longs;eferre geminam notionem, alteram quidem qua e&longs;t accidens, hoc e&longs;t in <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg183"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;ubiecto, & &longs;ic accidens &longs;ine &longs;ub&longs;tantia cogitari non po&longs;&longs;e fateberis; ita enim e&longs;t ad aliquid ne­<lb/>ce&longs;&longs;ariò; alteram verò qua e&longs;t ens & in vniuer&longs;itate naturæ, &longs;ic pones in ip&longs;o non contineri &longs;ub­<lb/>&longs;tantiam. Itaque & accidens non denominatiuè, &longs;ed nonnunquam &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ modo per dictio­<lb/>nem exprimitur. idem quoque definitur. At definitio non entis &longs;olùm, &longs;ed entis per &longs;e exi&longs;tit. <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg184"></arrow.to.target><lb/>Et ratio confirmat. Siquidem exceptis ijs quæ &longs;unt ad aliquid, reliqua &longs;unt entia ab&longs;oluta ergò <lb/>à &longs;ub&longs;tantia &longs;eparatur accidens: aliter ens ab&longs;olutum non e&longs;&longs;et. Deinde accidens habet <expan abbr="propriũ">proprium</expan> <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg185"></arrow.to.target><lb/>genus, & propriam differentiam quæ ex eadem &longs;erie &longs;umuntur, per quæ definitur. itaque &longs;ine <lb/>&longs;ub&longs;tantia cogitatur. Attamen hoc neutiquam à Peripatetico probari po&longs;&longs;e cen&longs;eo. quando­<lb/>quidem notio entis aut generalis quædam accipitur, qua complectitur ea quæ in &longs;ubiecto &longs;unt, <lb/>& ea qu&ecedil; non &longs;unt in &longs;ubiecto. aut manet entis ratio in &longs;uis partibus vt non multò po&longs;t indica­<lb/>bimus. &longs;ed quomodocunque ens vniuocè dicetur de &longs;uis partibus & &longs;ecus ac con&longs;tituerit Ari&longs;to­<lb/>teles. Etenim e&longs;&longs;e in &longs;ubiecto & non e&longs;&longs;e tanquam contradicentia diuidunt omne ens. alterum <lb/>ergo ex his ens &longs;it, nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t. Accipiatur nunc accidens vt ens, <expan abbr="idem&qacute;">idemque</expan>. non, vt in &longs;ubiecto e&longs;t, <lb/>concipiatur à nobis, aliter in eius notione comprehenderetur &longs;ubiectum; ergo eadem erit notio <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg186"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;ub&longs;tantiæ & accidentis, &longs;iue entium omnium, in &longs;ubiectò nimirum non e&longs;&longs;e. Itaque ens vni­<lb/>uocè complectetur omnes &longs;uas partes. <expan abbr="multo&qacute;">multoque</expan>. magis &longs;i rationem quandam communem cogi­<lb/>temus quæ partibus eius communicetur. Verùm audiamus etiam Ari&longs;totelem, qui tractans ac­<lb/>cidens, vt ens ip&longs;um à &longs;ub&longs;tantia &longs;eparari non po&longs;&longs;e docet <emph type="sup"/>a<emph.end type="sup"/>, vbi etiam de accidentis definitione <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg187"></arrow.to.target><lb/>meminit. Ita enim, inquit, &longs;e habet definitio vt quodquid e&longs;t. Ceterùm quod quid e&longs;t non e&longs;t <lb/>vniu&longs;modi; &longs;ed vnius primò nempè &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ, ceterorum ex con&longs;ecutione & &longs;ub&longs;tanti&ecedil; &longs;impli­<lb/>citer, accidentium quodammodo, & propè &longs;icuti Logici dicere &longs;olent, non ens e&longs;&longs;e ens <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> quia <lb/>&longs;impliciter &longs;it non ens, &longs;ed quia non &longs;it quodammodo, videlicet priuatio entis, nanque, & non <lb/>ens &longs;i&longs;tit mentem; & qui audit, quodammodo quie&longs;cit qua&longs;i re&longs;pondeat illi certa notio <expan abbr="rei&qacute;">reique</expan>. &longs;i­<lb/>militudo, vt reliquis nominibus &longs;ic & accidentia non dicimus e&longs;&longs;e quantitatem, aut qualitatem, <lb/>&longs;ed &longs;ub&longs;tantiam quantam &longs;ub&longs;tantiam qualem. Vnde infert Ari&longs;toteles definitiones e&longs;&longs;e &longs;ub&longs;tan­<lb/>tiæ &longs;impliciter, aliorum verò quodammodo. Rur&longs;us a&longs;&longs;erit <emph type="sup"/>b<emph.end type="sup"/> &longs;iue nos vnum totum accipiamus <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg188"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;ub&longs;tantiam &longs;en&longs;ilem cum accidentibus, &longs;iue etiam &longs;ub&longs;tantiam & accidentia non vt eiu&longs;dem rei <lb/>partes, &longs;ed vt ordine quodam con&longs;titutas, &longs;ub&longs;tantia prior e&longs;t reliquis: illa enim non &longs;unt &longs;im­<lb/>pliciter, quantum & quale, verum qualitates & motus &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ, nec aliter &longs;e habent (&longs;æpè <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg189"></arrow.to.target><lb/>enim ea vox apud Ari&longs;totelem &longs;umitur, vt nota comparationis) ac non album aut non rectum, <lb/>neque enim hæc per &longs;e &longs;unt, &longs;ed propter album & rectum, & eorum priuationes, nec &longs;unt entia <lb/>&longs;impliciter, non ad aliud, ni&longs;i quòd &longs;unt aliquid &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ. Vides igitur & accidentia con&longs;ide­<lb/>rata vt &longs;unt entia, non ab&longs;olui à &longs;ub&longs;tantia. Si in eo quod &longs;unt non exi&longs;tunt &longs;ine &longs;ub&longs;tantia, con­<lb/>&longs;equens item e&longs;t, vt per &longs;ub&longs;tantiam definiantur. eadem enim &longs;olent e&longs;&longs;e principia cur exi&longs;tat res, <lb/>& quæ in definitione &longs;umuntur. Igitur & quòd &longs;it & quid &longs;it à &longs;ub&longs;tantia redundat in <expan abbr="accid&etilde;s">accidens</expan>. <lb/>Atque vt de eo quod e&longs;t accidens in primis verba faciamus. planum e&longs;t ip&longs;um ita &longs;e habere ad <lb/>&longs;ub&longs;tantiam, vt in &longs;ubiecto quòd e&longs;t dupliciter. vel enim e&longs;t vt primum excipiens & alteri tra­<lb/>dens quod Latini vocant inh&ecedil;&longs;ionis, vel cuius e&longs;t aliqua pars primò excipiens, quod denomina­<lb/>tionis appellare con&longs;uerunt, e&longs;t verò compo&longs;itum, vt vita ine&longs;t in animali per animum animus <lb/>primum excipit vitam po&longs;t communicat ip&longs;am animali ex hoc &longs;ubiectorum genere po&longs;&longs;unt e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>cau&longs;&longs;æ omnes, à quibus aliquod attributum proximè pendet. attamen ita &longs;e habent, vt materiam <lb/>imitentur in eo quòd vt materia &longs;e habet ad id, ex quo quiddam nece&longs;&longs;ario con&longs;equitur. vt ad <lb/>rubiginem ferrum &longs;ic & cau&longs;&longs;æ ad effecta, idcirco ex his con&longs;tituitur medium demon&longs;trationis. <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg190"></arrow.to.target><lb/><expan abbr="Simili&qacute;ue">Similique</expan> modo accidentis e&longs;&longs;entia pendet à &longs;ub&longs;tantia. quoniam h&ecedil;c principia con&longs;tituunt ac­<lb/>cidentia, vt ex eorum definitione patet, vbi è demon&longs;tratione elicitur. Et profectò &longs;ic rationi <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg191"></arrow.to.target><lb/>con&longs;entaneum e&longs;t. Nanque vbi primum quidpiam alicui conuenit, c&ecedil;teris ab illo communica­<lb/>tur. Sed quid e&longs;t primùm e&longs;t ip&longs;ius &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ. Ab illa igitur de&longs;cendit in accidens. Oppones <lb/>hic tu accidens quod exprimitur figura dictionis quæ &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ conueniat. ob&longs;eruabis ip&longs;um, <lb/>quatenus definiri pote&longs;t, &longs;ic verò vt non in alio, &longs;ed vt per &longs;e exi&longs;tens accipitur. An h&ecedil;c non pro­<lb/>hibent quominus accidens cum &longs;ub&longs;tantia cogitetur. &longs;ed id præ&longs;tant &longs;olùm, vt menti &longs;ubijciant <lb/>in primis ip&longs;um accidens. Neque ordinem naturæ peruertunt, &longs;ed ordinem concipiendi mu­<lb/>tant. Nanque eadem natura e&longs;t &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ quantæ, & quantitatis. &longs;iquidem quantitas non e&longs;t <lb/>&longs;impliciter &longs;ed &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ quantitas. At qui concipit &longs;ub&longs;tantiam quantam, primum &longs;ubijcit <lb/>quantitati &longs;ub&longs;tantiam & quantum vult e&longs;&longs;e &longs;ub&longs;tanti&ecedil; attributum, qui uerò concipit quantita­<lb/>tem, concipit eam quidem, vt &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ quantitatem; &longs;ed cùm duo &longs;int ratione diuer&longs;a, quan­<lb/>titas & &longs;ub&longs;tantia, quantitatem primo vult intueri. qua&longs;i &longs;pectet non quid &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ &longs;implici­<lb/>ter eueniat, &longs;ed quid, quatenus e&longs;t quanta. Quare ab&longs;tractum nihil aliud efficit quàm vt de­ <pb pagenum="19"/> <arrow.to.target n="marg192"></arrow.to.target><lb/>terminet notionem &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ per notionem accidentis. & hoc modo fit ab&longs;tractio mathemati­<lb/>ca, non autem quia quantitas &longs;impliciter à mathematico con&longs;ideretur, &longs;ed quia quantitatis &longs;ub­<lb/>&longs;tantiæ ratio quidem habeatur, &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ verò nequaquam. Ita & hoc e&longs;t, quod ad definiendum <lb/>proponitur, non quantitas &longs;impliciter: &longs;ed quantitas &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ, & ita concipitur ab&longs;tractum, <lb/>& ob eam cau&longs;&longs;am figuram dictionis immutat. Quòd opponitur e&longs;&longs;e nouem prædicamenta <arrow.to.target n="marg193"></arrow.to.target> ab­<lb/><lb/>&longs;oluta nec in habitudine po&longs;ita. facile intelligetur, vt verum &longs;it, &longs;i vim ab&longs;oluti explanemus. <lb/>Porrò ab&longs;olutum illud e&longs;t, quod ita ex &longs;e e&longs;t, vt à nullo pendeat, neque vt &longs;it, neque vt con&longs;er­<lb/>uetur. Inter ea verò, quæ &longs;unt in vniuer&longs;o proprium, ide&longs;t, D. O. M. vt à nullo pendeat, &longs;ed ex <lb/>&longs;eip&longs;o &longs;it ex illo cetera &longs;int. & &longs;ic in eo re&longs;pectus ine&longs;t, non vt quicquam extra &longs;e re&longs;piciat; &longs;ed vt <lb/>re&longs;piciatur à c&ecedil;teris, Secundo modo etiam id quod re&longs;picit aliud à &longs;e pote&longs;t dici ab&longs;olutum, <lb/>&longs;iquando non re&longs;piciat aliquid, à quo pendeat vt con&longs;tituente, ide&longs;t, vt à materia, vel forma. <lb/>Sic quoque &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ &longs;unt ab&longs;olutè, quòd tamet&longs;i à Deo pendent, non ita pendent ab ip&longs;o, tan­<lb/>quam materialiter &longs;u&longs;tentante. Tertio ab&longs;olutum illud e&longs;t, quod, & &longs;i pendet ab alio, tamen <lb/>non con&longs;tituitur ex alio &longs;uppo&longs;ito, ide&longs;t, habet in eodem &longs;uppo&longs;ito cau&longs;&longs;as omnes per quas exi­<lb/>&longs;tit. Ab&longs;olutum quoque dici po&longs;&longs;e videtur, quatenus habet certum &longs;uum modum quo e&longs;t, qui <lb/>non petitur aliunde quàm ex &longs;e: omne enim prædicamentum habet &longs;uum e&longs;&longs;e & &longs;uum quid e&longs;t <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg194"></arrow.to.target><lb/>quo di&longs;cernitur ab alio, licet nunquam ab&longs;oluatur à &longs;ub&longs;tantia, <emph type="sup"/>a<emph.end type="sup"/> ita vt pertineat id etiam <arrow.to.target n="marg195"></arrow.to.target> <expan abbr="cõmu-niter">commu­<lb/><lb/>niter</expan> ad relatiua, & generatim & &longs;peciatim, vt etiam &longs;eruus & &longs;i pendet à domino, habet &longs;uam <lb/>certam rationem per quam &longs;eruus e&longs;t vt humilitatem & obedientiam. Hoc igitur & tertio mo­<lb/>do dicimus accidentia e&longs;&longs;e res ab&longs;olutas, &longs;ecus ac ea dicamus, quæ &longs;unt ad aliquid. etenim &longs;er­<lb/>uus in Dauo non habet cau&longs;&longs;as omnes, per quas exi&longs;tit: ni&longs;i enim fuerit Simo dominus; neque <lb/>etiam &longs;eruus e&longs;&longs;e pote&longs;t. ac &longs;i eundem patrem & filium e&longs;&longs;e fingamus, non habet tamen in &longs;e ip­<lb/>&longs;o cau&longs;&longs;as quod &longs;it, &longs;ed adhuc ex alio pendebit vt pater, & ut filius ex alio. At album & quan­<lb/>tum in eo &longs;unt, quod album e&longs;t, & quantum; & illius &longs;unt qualitas & quantitas, in quo &longs;unt; <lb/>ita vt, & &longs;i nihil aliud exi&longs;tat; &longs;int nihilominus album & quantum, non &longs;ic &longs;eruus exi&longs;tit, &longs;ed <lb/>aliud præterea flagitat numero diuer&longs;um, ad quod referatur. Obijcitur accidens definiri po&longs;&longs;e <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg196"></arrow.to.target><lb/>per terminos eiu&longs;dem pr&ecedil;dicamenti qua&longs;i &longs;it ab&longs;olutum quoddam. At nonne idem iudicium <lb/>de genere, & differentia faciemus? etenim & color e&longs;t alicuius &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ, & di&longs;gregare vi&longs;um <lb/>e&longs;t actio cuiu&longs;dam &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ & in recto pronunciatur vt id notetur, quod mens primùm re&longs;pi­<lb/>cit altero non exclu&longs;o. Tùm etiam hæc e&longs;t pars definitionis, quæ additamento &longs;ub&longs;tanti&ecedil; <arrow.to.target n="marg197"></arrow.to.target> com­<lb/><lb/>plecta e&longs;t, & cum definitio &longs;oleat illud euoluere, quod nomen confusè &longs;ignificat; dicemus etiam <lb/>confusè &longs;ub&longs;tantiam accidentis nomine &longs;ignificari. Quare &longs;ub&longs;tantia in definitione accidentis <lb/>non ita &longs;umitur qua&longs;i extrin&longs;ecum quiddam, &longs;ed etiam in accidentis ip&longs;ius &longs;implici notione con­<lb/>tinetur. quia &longs;it accidens aliquid illius. ob id ine&longs;&longs;e & inh&ecedil;rere notionem con&longs;tituit accidentis, <lb/>vt vides. Si &longs;ub&longs;tantia nunquam fit ex non &longs;ub&longs;tantia; profectò multò minus ex nihilo fiet. <lb/>Hic e&longs;t communis omnium phy&longs;icorum con&longs;en&longs;us, atque ita ab Ari&longs;totele approbatus, vt ope­<lb/>r&ecedil;pretium fore non putarit, &longs;i id conficeret argumentis; in eo quoque &longs;ecum melius agi putans, <lb/>&longs;i vnum &longs;en&longs;um con&longs;uleret qui nu&longs;quam ex nihilo quicquam fieri iudicaret quàm &longs;i rationes <lb/>per&longs;equi vellet, quas &longs;anè multas ad hoc ip&longs;um firmandum quia corroga&longs;&longs;et Epicureus ille; Lu­<lb/>cretius bellè quidem, &longs;i lepôrem carminum &longs;pectes; &longs;i ius methodi requiras, operam lu&longs;i&longs;&longs;e po­<lb/>tius quàm compendium feci&longs;&longs;e cen&longs;ebis. Nil autem mirum quòd propter <foreign lang="greek">a)paidousia/n</foreign> Analy­<lb/>ticorum (fuit autem commune vitium vniuer&longs;æ antiquitati) à demon&longs;trandis certa non di&longs;tin­<lb/>guebant. Ceterùm quòd ex nihilo nihil fieri con&longs;titutum e&longs;&longs;et: & &longs;i Ari&longs;toteles oculos inten­<lb/>di&longs;&longs;e videtur in materiam; at primo intuitu materia non extabat, & ijdem philo&longs;ophi, qui nihil <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg198"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ex nihilo fieri autumabant, ne&longs;ciuere materiam. Quapropter ex nihilo intelligendum erat <lb/>quod cunctis erat per&longs;picuum, ex eo quod actu non e&longs;&longs;et, &longs;iue id &longs;imile foret, vt cen&longs;uit Anaxa­<lb/>goras, &longs;iue contrarium, vt plerique &longs;tatuerunt. Cuius item iudicij fuit: vt ex nihilo fit nihil, <lb/>ita quoque nihil in nihilum re&longs;olui, &longs;ed in non contrarium.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg137"></margin.target>I.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg138"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg139"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg140"></margin.target>Obiectio <lb/>prima.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg141"></margin.target>C. <gap/> &longs;ub&longs;t.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg142"></margin.target>II.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg143"></margin.target>III.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg144"></margin.target>Ad I.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg145"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg146"></margin.target>a Libr. de <lb/>Mem. c. 3.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg147"></margin.target>Ad II.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg148"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg149"></margin.target>Ad III.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg150"></margin.target>b 7. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg151"></margin.target>c 1. Phy&longs;. <lb/>T. 29.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg152"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg153"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg154"></margin.target>d 10. Met. <lb/>Tt. 13. 14.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg155"></margin.target>e 10. Met. <lb/>T. 24.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg156"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg157"></margin.target>a Alex. 10. <lb/>Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg158"></margin.target>b 1. de Par. <lb/>ac. 7. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg159"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg160"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg161"></margin.target>I.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg162"></margin.target>II.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg163"></margin.target>III.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg164"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg165"></margin.target>c 2. Phy&longs;. <lb/>ab initio.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg166"></margin.target>d 3. De <lb/>c&ecedil;l. T. 1.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg167"></margin.target>e 8. Met. <lb/>T. 1.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg168"></margin.target>f 5. Met. <lb/>T. 5.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg169"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg170"></margin.target>Ad I.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg171"></margin.target>Ad II.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg172"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg173"></margin.target>a 1. De or.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg174"></margin.target>Ad III.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg175"></margin.target>b 7. Met. <lb/>tit. 4.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg176"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg177"></margin.target>c 1. Met. <lb/>&longs;um. 2. c. 1.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg178"></margin.target>d Met. c. 6.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg179"></margin.target>e 1. Phy&longs;. <lb/>Tit. 52.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg180"></margin.target>f 1. Phy&longs;. <lb/>Tit. 14.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg181"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg182"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg183"></margin.target>I.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg184"></margin.target>II.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg185"></margin.target>III.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg186"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg187"></margin.target>a 7. Met. <lb/>tit. 14.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg188"></margin.target>b 12. Met. <lb/>tit. 1.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg189"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg190"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg191"></margin.target>Ad I.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg192"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg193"></margin.target>Ad II.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg194"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg195"></margin.target>a 7. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg196"></margin.target>Ad III.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg197"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg198"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Quandò aliud ex alio reficit natura: nec vllam</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Rem gigni patitur, ni&longs;i morte adiuta aliena<emph.end type="italics"/>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Hoc ita creditum e&longs;t ab Ari&longs;totele, vt multa &longs;uper hoc fundamento in vniuer&longs;a &longs;ua philo&longs;o­<lb/>phia &longs;truxerit: vt qui &longs;u&longs;picentur Ari&longs;totelem non dicam noui&longs;&longs;e, &longs;ed approba&longs;&longs;e creationem; <lb/>ij parum viderint de rebus Ari&longs;totelicis. Quinimmo ne&longs;cio &longs;atis'ne exercitati &longs;int in naturali <lb/>philo&longs;ophia, qui humana ratione creationem colligi po&longs;&longs;e arbitrantur. Nimium confidimus <lb/>nobis ip&longs;is; non per&longs;picimus non po&longs;&longs;e homuncionem ad tam alta my&longs;teria peruenire. maiore <lb/>luce opus e&longs;t. Nam quòd aliquid de creatione &longs;ubodoratus &longs;it Ari&longs;toteles; ip&longs;emet a&longs;&longs;eruit qui <lb/>etiam multorum opinionem extiti&longs;&longs;e profitetur, <expan abbr="He&longs;iodi&qacute;">He&longs;iodique</expan>. verba citat in eam &longs;ententiam quòd <lb/>principiò genitum &longs;it chaos, tùm deinde tellus, proximè autem amor, chaos verò & terra ex ni­<lb/>hilo facta fuerint. <expan abbr="Alios&qacute;">Aliosque</expan>. multos commemorat qui dicunt e&longs;&longs;e nihil, &longs;ed omnia fieri; fieri verò <pb pagenum="20"/>ex non entibus & prætereà vulgarem opinionem ex non ente, aut ex nihilo aliquid fieri fui&longs;&longs;e <arrow.to.target n="marg199"></arrow.to.target> te­<lb/><lb/>&longs;tatur. Quinimmo ibidem monet nos Ari&longs;toteles non e&longs;&longs;e eo placito liberè vtendum; nimirum <lb/>nihil ex nihilo fieri; cùm &longs;it comprehen&longs;io quædam quam accepimus rerum &longs;uperficiem &longs;olam <lb/>&longs;pectando, non autem &longs;crutando interius. Attamen & &longs;i ignota non erat creatio; neutiquam <lb/>tamen approbata. Et He&longs;iodus numeratur in Theologis; ex quo efficitur, vt quod aliquando <lb/>dixit Ari&longs;toteles <foreign lang="greek">tou/s pe<gap/>(ifu/sews</foreign>. intelligat propriè phy&longs;icos cum ceteroquin alij multi qui <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb/>&longs;unt phy&longs;ici, de natura &longs;e &longs;cribere profiteantur, &longs;ed nos hic phy&longs;icum agimus, et&longs;i verbis Ari&longs;to­<lb/>telis vti licet, vt cernas, quæ nobis con&longs;tituenda &longs;unt, illiu&longs;modi fore, vt nos humano modo ve­<lb/>limus habere ad credendum. & validiorem Theologo delegemus; illud in animo &longs;emper ha­<lb/>bentes Chri&longs;tianam pietatem e&longs;&longs;e talem, vt &longs;ola &longs;uo iure principia ponere po&longs;sit, nec aliunde <lb/>mutuare; memores eò non peruenire &longs;en&longs;um quem omnium humanarum artium autorem e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>vult Ari&longs;toteles. Nanque & ip&longs;e docet veritatis & fidei principium duplex e&longs;&longs;e, quorum <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> <lb/>e&longs;t mens, alterum mente &longs;ublimius, nempe Deus, qui motiones efficit in ijs quos <foreign lang="greek">e\utei_s</foreign> ide&longs;t, <lb/>felices appellant, & &longs;anè multò admirabiliores quàm illi &longs;int qui duce ratione rebus gerendis <lb/>vtuntur. Hoc principium à diuini&longs;simo poèta &longs;ignificatum, vbi Ni&longs;us Euryalum alloquitur</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg199"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Dij'ne hunc ardorem mentibus addunt.<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg200"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg200"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Euryale? An &longs;ua <expan abbr="cuiq;">cuique</expan> Deus fit dira cupido?<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p> <p type="main"> <s>E&longs;t & aliud principium, quod &longs;uperat mentem, atra nimirum bilis qua qui agitantur; &longs;upra <lb/>captum hominis præno&longs;cunt, & futura præ&longs;agiunt. Sed nos humano modo nunc loquimur. <lb/>Porrò humanum morem, qui &longs;it, docet Laert. <expan abbr="monet&qacute;">monetque</expan>. Pyrrhone illo v&longs;um fui&longs;&longs;e Hippocratem, <lb/>& longè antè Homerum. e&longs;t verò hic ambiguus, & qui in vtranque partem facilè trahi po&longs;sit, & <lb/>vbi denique contradicere liceat. Itaque Homerus.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><foreign lang="greek">*stzepth/ me\n glw_ss) e\si\ bzwtw_n, pole/es <gap/>) e)/ni mu/qoi.</foreign></s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Lingua volubilis e&longs;t; hominum <expan abbr="verbis&qacute;">verbisque</expan>. referta &</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><foreign lang="greek">e)pe/wn polu\s no/mos e)/uqa, kai\ e/uqa.</foreign></s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Verborum hinc atque hinc ingens e&longs;t copia cuiuis</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Atque ille quidem congruens e&longs;t rebus naturalibus quæ propter infinitatem materiæ nece&longs;­<lb/>&longs;itatem difficilè admittunt. Itaque ex nihilo nihil fieri recipimus. Attamen & ex nihilo nihil <lb/>fieri &longs;ic contingit, vt ex eo quoque nonnihil fieri po&longs;sit. Quocirca etiam laudatur Parmenides <lb/><emph type="sup"/>a<emph.end type="sup"/> qui id quod fit, ex non ente fieri dixerit, & o&longs;ten&longs;um e&longs;t priuationem, quæ e&longs;t per &longs;e non ens, </s></p> <p type="main"> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg201"></arrow.to.target><lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg202"></arrow.to.target><lb/>in omnem mutationem nece&longs;&longs;ariò conuenire. Verùm non idcirco creatio quamuis &longs;ecundum <lb/>veritatem credenda conceditur ab Ari&longs;totele. &longs;iquidem id quod fit, non ex nihilo &longs;impliciter & <lb/>per &longs;e (quod creatio requirit) efficiatur; &longs;ed ex euento; & quatenus &longs;ube&longs;t materia priuationi. <lb/>Proptereà di&longs;tinguendum fuit, vt ex nihilo nihil, & vt ex illo quippiam fieri po&longs;&longs;et; neque illò <lb/>perueniebat &longs;en&longs;us: quapropter etiam longiore di&longs;qui&longs;itione opus fuit, vt no&longs;ceretur. Hoc er­<lb/>go &longs;it principium phy&longs;icum ex nihilo nihil; vt oppo&longs;itum &longs;impliciter à phy&longs;ico doctore &longs;it repu­<lb/>diandum, vtpotè quod ex eo na&longs;catur &longs;yllogi&longs;mus contrariæ deceptionis. Quamobrem hoc lo­<lb/>co &longs;uccurrit vt admiremur eos qui phy&longs;icè, aut etiam Ari&longs;totelicè oppo&longs;itum huius perorare &longs;e <lb/>po&longs;&longs;e con&longs;idant; nec è fontibus pietatis hauriant. Sed cùm id conficiant argumentis, quibus plu­<lb/>ra no&longs;tr&ecedil; methodi principia &longs;upponuntur; muneris quoque no&longs;tri e&longs;t ad illa aliquid dicere: &longs;unt <lb/>enim ea nobis di&longs;&longs;oluenda, quæ qui&longs;piam è principijs ducta probatione, fallaci conclu&longs;ione effi­<lb/>ciat <emph type="sup"/>b<emph.end type="sup"/>. Neque verò hic ego dubitabo, quin &longs;tudio pietatis adducti &longs;ancti&longs;simi viri conferant in <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg203"></arrow.to.target><lb/>hunc locum &longs;uos conatus; neque &longs;tudium reprehendo. <expan abbr="mihi&qacute;">mihique</expan>. ab ijs non recedere certum e&longs;t <lb/>in eo quod religio iu&longs;sit. &longs;ed quantum ego rem ita &longs;e habere noui, tantum dubito phy&longs;icè ne <lb/>confici queat.<lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg204"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg201"></margin.target>a 1. Phy&longs;. <lb/>Tit. 79.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg202"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg203"></margin.target>g 1. Phy&longs;. <lb/>T. 11.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg204"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Multa &longs;anè contrà afferuntur illa, hoc loco attingam qu&ecedil; &longs;ub initio no&longs;træ methodi exitum fa­<lb/>cilè inuenient: &longs;iqua maiorem eruditionem diligentiam've po&longs;tulabunt, eò reijciam, vbi de mo­<lb/>tus &ecedil;ternitate di&longs;&longs;eretur. Hæc verò inter alia afferuntur. Modus agendi &longs;equitur modum quo </s></p> <p type="main"> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg205"></arrow.to.target><lb/>res e&longs;t: & quale e&longs;t e&longs;&longs;e <expan abbr="cui&qacute;">cuique</expan>. rei, talis e&longs;t actio. Sed Deus in eo quod e&longs;t, à nullo pendet, nihil <lb/>pr&ecedil;requirit, aut præ&longs;upponit: ergo nec in agendo. Hæc e&longs;t etiam notio Dei naturaliter animis <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg206"></arrow.to.target><lb/>in&longs;ita & impre&longs;&longs;a. Deum e&longs;&longs;e ens primum, perfectum, à nullo pendens, per &longs;e &longs;ufficiens, nullius <lb/>indigum; ergo per &longs;e &longs;ufficit ad agendum: itaque non eget &longs;ubiecto. Affertur & illud. Deum <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg207"></arrow.to.target><lb/>e&longs;&longs;e cau&longs;&longs;am omnium rerum: ceteroqui pr&ecedil;ter Deum aliquid e&longs;&longs;et &longs;ine cau&longs;&longs;a, habens e&longs;&longs;e à &longs;e: <lb/>id verò fieri nequit: neque enim omnia penderent à Deo. Sed multa &longs;unt, vt materia prima, <lb/>c&ecedil;li, mentes beat&ecedil; quæ non potuerunt habere e&longs;&longs;e à Deo ex materia per motum: per creationem <lb/>igitur. Quòd &longs;i accipias huiu&longs;modi res habere e&longs;&longs;e à Deo ex æterno tempore. Atqui id creatio­<lb/>ni non ob&longs;tat: eius enim ratio po&longs;ita e&longs;t in eo quòd &longs;it ex non &longs;ubiecto non autem quòd de nouo <lb/>exi&longs;tat. Immo &longs;i potuit hoc ex æterno tempore efficere, poterit etiam nunc & fortè multo ma­<lb/>gis; & quo æternum non æterno difficilius e&longs;t. In productione quoque cuiu&longs;que &longs;ingularis, vt <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg208"></arrow.to.target> <pb pagenum="21"/> <arrow.to.target n="marg209"></arrow.to.target><lb/>hominis, &longs;emen e&longs;t prius, quàm homo ille: &longs;impliciter tamen homo e&longs;t &longs;emine prior, &longs;icut actus <lb/>& perfectum priora &longs;unt pote&longs;tate & imperfecto. Itaque generatio hominis vt homo e&longs;t, non <lb/>eget &longs;emine, cùm &longs;it homo &longs;impliciter &longs;emine prior. Igitur alium modum productionis habe­<lb/>bit nimirum per creationem. Memini etiam me legi&longs;&longs;e apud quo&longs;dam &longs;criptores hac via con­<lb/>firmari po&longs;&longs;e creationem: &longs;iquidem hæc quæ natura &longs;unt, alicuius rei gratia fiant à natura: ergo <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg210"></arrow.to.target><lb/>prius aliquam notionem extiti&longs;&longs;e in effectore nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t: in hoc igitur rei facienda ratio ex qua <lb/>res extitêre: quapropter creatio. Hæc quidem ingeniosè excogitata: veruntamen eiu&longs;modi, qu&ecedil; <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg211"></arrow.to.target><lb/>Ari&longs;totelis principijs aduer&longs;entur huic tu rei nunc cau&longs;&longs;as accipe. Nam quantum e&longs;t de prima <lb/>ratione, videtur in ea committi peccatum à &longs;ecundum quid ad &longs;impliciter. Etenim ex actioni­<lb/>bus quæ Deo manife&longs;tè tribuuntur (ex ijs enim qu&ecedil; à quoque &longs;ani iudicij facilè dabuntur, <expan abbr="no&longs;trã">no&longs;tram</expan> <lb/>di&longs;ceptationem, quoad licebit, peragemus) aliquæ &longs;unt ip&longs;ius propriæ, vt contemplari &longs;eip&longs;um, <lb/>nobis enim liquet hoc in nobis ip&longs;is experientibus contemplationem externæ rei nullius egêre: <lb/>aliæ cum corpore communicantes, vt mouere & ambulare: ac verum quidem e&longs;t actiones pro­<lb/>prias imitari e&longs;&longs;entiam; de communibus aliter &longs;entiendum e&longs;t. Ex illo igitur quòd aliquæ fun­<lb/>ctiones &longs;ine corpore exercentur, quæ &longs;anè propriæ &longs;unt; infertur, omnes &longs;ine corpore exerceri <lb/>po&longs;&longs;e, quanuis &longs;int communes. & ex eo, quòd agit contemplando &longs;ine corpore, concluditur <arrow.to.target n="marg212"></arrow.to.target> ip­<lb/><lb/>&longs;um pror&longs;us &longs;ine corpore agere quodcunque & &longs;impliciter. conuenientiam igitur, & &longs;imilitudi­<lb/>nem actionum omnium, quas Deo tribuunt, vel &longs;en&longs;u, vel inductione iudicare oportebat. At­<lb/>qui non licet. Nec qui&longs;quam Peripateticus aliam Dei propriam actionem cognouit quàm &longs;ui <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg213"></arrow.to.target><lb/>contemplationem. Eodem propemodum vitio &longs;ecunda ratio laborat. Damus enim planè <lb/>Deum e&longs;&longs;e ens primum, omnium ab&longs;oluti&longs;simum, nullius indigum, & non egêre &longs;ubiecto ad <lb/>agendum: &longs;ed addimus ad præ&longs;tandum propriam actionem quam dicimus e&longs;&longs;e contemplatio­<lb/>nem: quòd &longs;i fuerit actio communis, adhuc exquiret phy&longs;icus confirmationem talis a&longs;&longs;umpti <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg214"></arrow.to.target><lb/>quam à &longs;en&longs;u peti po&longs;&longs;e negamus. In tertia verò ratione duo &longs;e&longs;e offerunt &longs;pectanda, quorum <lb/>primum e&longs;t. Impetrare, vt aliquid &longs;it à Deo Peripateticè, non modo e&longs;t per motum, velut ea, <lb/>qu&ecedil; generantur a&longs;siduè, qu&ecedil; ex iugi c&ecedil;li conuer&longs;ione producuntur, illam verò Deus &longs;olus præ­<lb/>&longs;tat: verùm quoque e&longs;t e&longs;&longs;e perfectum, quod &longs;cilicet &longs;ine ip&longs;o non exi&longs;tat in actu &longs;ecundo, nec <lb/>proprio munere fungatur &longs;ine præ&longs;entia Dei; veluti Legatus e&longs;t homo quidem per &longs;e; &longs;ed per <lb/>eius virtutem, qui legauit, in dignitate con&longs;titutus e&longs;t, & fungitur legatione. Alterum e&longs;t, quod <lb/>ratio phy&longs;ica conuincit, aliquid e&longs;&longs;e æternum per &longs;e præter Deum O. M. Quibus po&longs;itis in <arrow.to.target n="marg215"></arrow.to.target> ar­<lb/><lb/>gumento duplex vitium latet. &longs;iquidem in argumento vitium illud quod e&longs;t ex ignotis proce­<lb/>dere committatur <emph type="sup"/>a<emph.end type="sup"/>, dum &longs;umitur nihil præter Deum e&longs;&longs;e per &longs;e æternum; &longs;ed omnia vel per <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg216"></arrow.to.target><lb/>motum extiti&longs;&longs;e, vel creationem; idque inter phy&longs;icos &longs;en&longs;um per&longs;equentes & Theologos à lu­<lb/>mine Diuino illu&longs;tratos e&longs;t maximè controuer&longs;um, accipiunt Theologi nullum e&longs;&longs;e huiu&longs;modi. <lb/>concluditur à phy&longs;ico tale rerum genus reperiri. Cùm igitur id a&longs;&longs;umant Theologi quod à phy­<lb/>&longs;ico dubitatur, immò cui concluditur oppo&longs;itum: patet hîc e&longs;&longs;e progre&longs;&longs;um ex ignotis qui mo­<lb/>dus e&longs;t non probandi propo&longs;itum. Deinde cùm phy&longs;ici probent e&longs;&longs;e tertium genus eorum &longs;ci­<lb/>licet, quæ cùm &longs;int æterna; pendent tamen à Deo; ine&longs;t in argumento fallacia con&longs;equentis. <lb/>Etenim negabit phy&longs;icus ille quem nos in hac methodo imitamur. Quicquid e&longs;t à Deo, aut e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>per motum, aut per creationem. &longs;ed tertium modum adijciet vt puta e&longs;&longs;e formaliter eo, &longs;. po&longs;ito <lb/>vt hoc &longs;it, non effectiuè. ita cùm diui&longs;ionis membra non omnia fuerint accepta: con&longs;tat nullam <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e vim argumenti illius hypothetici ex diui&longs;ione con&longs;tructi. Iam verò &longs;i datur id, quod acce­<lb/>pimus, e&longs;&longs;e aliquod æternum per &longs;e pr&ecedil;ter Deum O. M. patet profectò parum po&longs;&longs;e apud reni­<lb/>tentem id quod ad&longs;cribitur de æterna illa creatione, & quòd eiu&longs;dem <emph type="italics"/>immò maioris virtutis e&longs;t ex<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg217"></arrow.to.target><lb/><emph type="italics"/>&ecedil;terno creare<emph.end type="italics"/>, quàm ex initio cuiu&longs;piam temporis. &longs;iquidem ibi &longs;emper exi&longs;tat materia, qu&ecedil; &longs;up­<lb/>ponatur; nec requiratur vlla mutatio vt &longs;int; cùm per &longs;e exi&longs;tant ab æterno quæ vtraque in noua <lb/>creatione con&longs;titui nece&longs;&longs;e fuit. Neque aliud certè arguet quod oratio ponatur ab æterno, ni&longs;i <lb/>quòd ex Deo &longs;int aliqua formaliter, quod non negamus, <emph type="italics"/>&longs;ed planè volumus e&longs;&longs;e creationem<emph.end type="italics"/>. In <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg218"></arrow.to.target><lb/>quarta ratione notemus, in omni generatione duo principia requiri, actum &longs;cilicet & <expan abbr="pote&longs;tat&etilde;">pote&longs;tatem</expan>, <lb/>& pote&longs;tas quidem e&longs;t &longs;ingularis, & æqualiter re&longs;piciens e&longs;&longs;e & non e&longs;&longs;e. Actus e&longs;t determina­<lb/>tus & po&longs;itus e&longs;t in e&longs;&longs;e: quapropter æternus e&longs;t per &longs;e. nec, quatenus actus, vnquam generationi <lb/>redditur obnoxius <emph type="sup"/>b<emph.end type="sup"/>. Itaque generatur hic homo qui quidem ex &longs;emine procreatur. homo vt <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg219"></arrow.to.target><lb/>actus æternus e&longs;t. Inde igitur creatio non inferetur: at illud, quod ad extremum propo&longs;uimus; <lb/>&longs;atis foret iis qui Peripateticè profitentur; &longs;i rationis illius autor &longs;e illa Peripatetica non habere <lb/>te&longs;tatus e&longs;&longs;et. Verùm quia nihil e&longs;t non Peripateticum, quod ratione, quæ iudicium &longs;en&longs;us non <lb/>euertat, approbari pote&longs;t; <expan abbr="officiū">officium</expan> quoque Peripatetici videtur e&longs;&longs;e vim explorare rationis illius. <lb/>Igitur, cùm &longs;umitur ea quæ &longs;unt natura, e&longs;&longs;e alicuius rei gratia; fatemur in iis, quæ fiunt: cum <lb/>etiam in natura &longs;it id, cuius gratia &longs;int nonnulla. Cùm etiam ponitur eorum quæ &longs;unt alicuius <lb/>gratia notionem, &longs;eu rationem quandam in effectore antecedere; notionem &longs;anè damus in iis <pb pagenum="22"/>quæ fiunt ab humana voluntate; in iis verò quæ fiunt à natura &longs;olam rationem concedimus, qu&ecedil; <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg220"></arrow.to.target><lb/>adæquet formam: atque illam quidem tribuimus cau&longs;sis efficientibus particularibus, non vni­<lb/>uer&longs;alibus vt c&ecedil;lo & Deo, cùm illam mentem Ari&longs;totelis fui&longs;&longs;e cen&longs;eamus cau&longs;&longs;as vniuer&longs;ales <lb/>ita &longs;e extuli&longs;&longs;e ab his inferioribus vt illorum gratia nihil agant; nec rationibus oppo&longs;itis aliud in­<lb/>duci po&longs;&longs;um vt credam, quod &longs;uo loco tractabitur. C&ecedil;terùm detur hoc, ne &longs;imus moro&longs;i <expan abbr="nimiũ">nimium</expan>. <lb/>Fateamur item ex ea ratione produci id quod fit, at quòd ex nihilo negamus. Etenim, ex ea ra­<lb/>tione fit id, quod fit, vt efficiente, vel con&longs;tituente efficiens: at verò id ego dicam ab efficiente <lb/>produci, &longs;ed ex materia. Quocirca probandum fuit efficiens per talem rationem &longs;ine materia <lb/>po&longs;&longs;e producere; qu&ecedil; vniuer&longs;a peruicax, & qui &longs;e duci patitur à &longs;en&longs;u & experientiis, quod Phy­<lb/>&longs;ici faciunt; & inficiabitur, & conuinci non poterit. Hæ non eò dicta &longs;unt à nob. vt creationem <lb/>euerteremus, &longs;ed vt ab Ari&longs;totele & phy&longs;icis haud approbatam fui&longs;&longs;e per&longs;piceres, & agno&longs;ceres <lb/>altius &longs;e&longs;e extuli&longs;&longs;e no&longs;træ &longs;alutis initia quàm vt à phy&longs;ico. rationibus quæ &longs;en&longs;u niterentur, at­<lb/>tingi po&longs;&longs;ent; atque vt doceremus id e&longs;&longs;e principium in hac methodo, vnde omnia quæ in hac <lb/>philo&longs;ophia colligerentur repugnantia veritati, per eius <expan abbr="inficiation&etilde;">inficiationem</expan> liberrimè negarentur, quòd <lb/>oppo&longs;itum diuino beneficio multò magis e&longs;&longs;et per&longs;picuum: neque iis vllo modo no&longs;tra mens <lb/>adhære&longs;ceret. Nec me latet, cùm hic nonnulla ex Peripateticorum fontibus hau&longs;ta fui&longs;&longs;e, tùm <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg221"></arrow.to.target><lb/>etiam alia pr&ecedil;termi&longs;&longs;a, quæ &longs;olent in confirmationem eiu&longs;dem theorematis afferri; de quibus <lb/>phy&longs;ico adhuc plura dicenda forent. nos omnia &longs;uo loco declarabimus, eo nunc contenti; quòd <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg222"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ex nihilo nihil fieri, pro principio philo&longs;ophiæ naturalis ab Ari&longs;totele con&longs;titutum fuerit, & ni­<lb/>hil ex hac philo&longs;ophia depromi po&longs;sit, quod ip&longs;um demoliatur. Tertium effatum naturale pr&ecedil;­<lb/>cipua naturæ munera quæ cuique &longs;unt euidentia continebit. ea quanquam innumerabilia &longs;unt, <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg223"></arrow.to.target><lb/>in decem capita digerentur. Itaque ea quæ fiunt, aut à natura fiunt, aut à nobis, aut ab aliis cau&longs;­<lb/>&longs;is, vtputa ca&longs;u, & fortuna. A nobis ea quæ fiunt, incertos exitus habent, & à no&longs;tra voluntate <lb/>profici&longs;centia, quemadmodum facultas e&longs;t mutabilis & incon&longs;tans, ita & ortum & euentum <expan abbr="cõ-&longs;imiles">con­<lb/>&longs;imiles</expan> obtinent. Eorum quæ &longs;emper aut frequenter eueniunt, cau&longs;&longs;am nemo, ni&longs;i fortè Em­<lb/>pedocleus fortunæ ad&longs;crip&longs;erit; vt quòd &longs;emper hyeme pluat; aut quòd &longs;ub cane &longs;it æ&longs;tus: &longs;ed &longs;i <lb/>pluat, dum &longs;ub cane &longs;ol e&longs;t, aut &longs;i media hyeme nos æ&longs;tus inuadat. Re&longs;tat igitur, vt eorum &longs;it <lb/>auctor ip&longs;a natura, quæ plurimum &longs;emperúe fiunt eodem modo, & ea &longs;ecundum naturam fieri <lb/>optimo iure dicentur quæ maxima ex parte fient: hoc e&longs;t in pluribus eiu&longs;dem &longs;peciei &longs;ingularib. <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg224"></arrow.to.target><lb/>& frequentius, aut &longs;emper: naturale enim e&longs;t cane&longs;cere, licet in &longs;enectute contingat, quod om­<lb/>nis homo ferè, cùm venerit ad &longs;enectutem, cane&longs;cit, & naturalis hyeme pluuia, quia &longs;it frequen­<lb/>tior in ea tempe&longs;tate, & iis poti&longs;simè natura con&longs;i&longs;tit quæ non &longs;emper &longs;unt; horum enim maxi­<lb/>ma pars e&longs;t. Itaque Ptolemæus <foreign lang="greek">e)/ulogon</foreign> relinquebat phy&longs;icis, non <foreign lang="greek">a)nagkai_on</foreign>. Sed & illa <lb/>&longs;unt &longs;ecundum naturam, quæ certis quibu&longs;dam interuallis repetuntur, vt æ&longs;tas & hyems: quo­<lb/>niam circuitus ille perpetuitatem habeat in tali &longs;ucce&longs;sione po&longs;itam: &longs;emper enim &longs;ui &longs;imilis e&longs;t <lb/>illa &longs;ucce&longs;sio. Natura quoque &longs;unt eclip&longs;is &longs;olis & lunæ, quæ tamen neque &longs;emper neque fre­<lb/>quenter exi&longs;tunt. Veruntamen, cum cau&longs;sis illis concurrentibus nece&longs;&longs;ario fiant, cau&longs;&longs;arum ve­<lb/>rò certus fit reditus, & circuitio & tempe&longs;tates & eclip&longs;is in perpetuis numerari queunt. At verò <lb/>&longs;i natura e&longs;t eorum cau&longs;&longs;a quæ plurimum &longs;emperúe fiunt: & ea, quæ natura &longs;unt, plurimum <lb/>&longs;emperúe contingunt. igitur ea quæ non &longs;emper plurimumúe eueniunt, non &longs;unt natura. Atqui <lb/>violenta &longs;unt naturæ contraria; non ergo plurimum &longs;emperúe contingunt. Etenim &longs;i contraria <lb/>naturæ plurimum, aut &longs;emper euenirent non e&longs;&longs;et natura de iis qu&ecedil; plurimum, &longs;ed rarò, aut <arrow.to.target n="marg225"></arrow.to.target> nun­<lb/><lb/>quam exi&longs;tunt; id verò fieri nequit. Nihil etiam fru&longs;tra efficiunt Deus & natura cuius &longs;cilicet <lb/>non &longs;it aliquod munus, officium, vel v&longs;us, nihil ocio&longs;um, nihil redundans vt calceus ille fru&longs;tra <lb/>e&longs;&longs;et, quo, cùm non e&longs;&longs;et habilis & aptus ad pedem, vti non po&longs;&longs;em. Natura, inquàm, illa quæ po­<lb/>&longs;ita e&longs;t in nexu cau&longs;&longs;arum, vis &longs;cilicet per omnia corpora penetrans, & &longs;ine ratione ciens & <arrow.to.target n="marg226"></arrow.to.target> exci­<lb/><lb/>piens motus in corporibus nece&longs;&longs;arios, & Deus omnium princeps, à quo omnes i&longs;ti motus re­<lb/>guntur & gubernantur, cur&longs;us a&longs;trorum, mutationes temporum, rerum vici&longs;situdines <expan abbr="ordines&qacute;">ordinesque</expan>. <lb/>con&longs;eruantur. Deus igitur & natura nihil fru&longs;tra moliuntur cunctis rebus v&longs;um exhiben­<lb/>do, quo &longs;eip&longs;a tueantur & in mundi theatrum conferant, & ad hominis v&longs;um præcipuè; quo <lb/>&longs;anè vinculo mundi partes ad&longs;trictæ, &longs;iquid &longs;eor&longs;um detrimenti capiunt ab externo, vniuer&longs;am <lb/>tamen naturam quæ &longs;ingula corpora cohibet, labefactare non po&longs;&longs;unt. Proinde vbi vnum &longs;uf­<lb/>ficiat in&longs;trumentum, <emph type="sup"/>a<emph.end type="sup"/> non &longs;olet ip&longs;um natura geminare: neque fortè, &longs;i geminetur; officia <arrow.to.target n="marg227"></arrow.to.target> natu­<lb/><lb/>ræ minus impediret, & grauitarem afferret quàm mole&longs;tia nos afficiat &longs;extus digitus quem ma­<lb/>nui natura peccans affinxerit. Itaque vbi commodè id effici potuerit; ad officia complura abu­<lb/>titur vno <expan abbr="eodem&qacute;">eodemque</expan>. in&longs;trumento, vt lingua ad gu&longs;tatum, <emph type="sup"/>b<emph.end type="sup"/> & locutionem, & ore in habentibus <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg228"></arrow.to.target><lb/>pulmonem ad cibi &longs;umptionem, & re&longs;pirationem. vt nihil planè &longs;ine optima ratione feci&longs;&longs;e vi­<lb/>deatur. Neque verò, quia natura &longs;it vis quæ ratione vtatur, iam enim ratione vti e&longs;t animæ, non <lb/>naturæ. Natura porrò <foreign lang="greek">u)potatikw_s</foreign> & ex &longs;ua natura & e&longs;&longs;entia &longs;ine cognitione agit pro fine <pb pagenum="23"/> <arrow.to.target n="marg229"></arrow.to.target><lb/>con&longs;equendo; & &longs;iquo pacto collocetur <foreign lang="greek">e)nlogikai_s dunamesi\n</foreign> ide&longs;t in facultatibus ratiocinanti­<lb/>bus, non e&longs;t ideo, quia ratiocinans agat; &longs;ed vel quòd agendo proce&longs;&longs;um rationis imitetur; vel <lb/>quia nil pror&longs;us efficiat; cuius non optima ratio po&longs;sit afferri quæ petitur à duobus initijs: alte­<lb/>ro quidem, quod aliter effici non potuerit: atque id à materia ducitur, vt quòd cornigera <expan abbr="careãt">careant</expan> <lb/>dentibus &longs;uperioribus: neque enim materia, cùm abierit in cornua, &longs;uppetit dentibus, aut quòd <lb/>ita fieri præ&longs;titerit: hoc verò pendet à fine ex quibus omnis rerum naturalium ordo deriuatur, <lb/>& cunctorum &longs;en&longs;ilium commen&longs;us conuenienti&longs;simus exi&longs;tit quem generali nomine <foreign lang="greek">lo\gon</foreign><lb/>& rationem licet appellare. Quamobrem &longs;ic omnia di&longs;pen&longs;antur in vniuer&longs;o, vt vis illa com­<lb/>munis & vniuer&longs;alis quæ &longs;cilicet per omnia pertinet, tamet&longs;i tum &longs;uum robur o&longs;tentat atque, vt <lb/>ita dixerim, &longs;apientiam, cùm animal producere aggreditur: non &longs;ine &longs;ummo iudicio cum pru­<lb/>dente patre familias ab Ari&longs;totele conferatur. <emph type="sup"/>a<emph.end type="sup"/> Vt enim ille nihil amittit ex quo facere aliquid <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg230"></arrow.to.target><lb/>commodi po&longs;sit, & ita di&longs;pen&longs;at in cura rei familiaris, vt optimus cibus liberis præbeatur, dete­<lb/>rior &longs;eruis, omnium pe&longs;simus &longs;ociis animalibus, &longs;ic in ortu ip&longs;o natura ex materia &longs;ynceri&longs;sima <lb/>carnem & aliorum &longs;en&longs;uum corpora conficit: in excrementis o&longs;&longs;a, pilos & reliqua generis eiu&longs;­<lb/>dem con&longs;tituit. Ab his tu de c&ecedil;teris iudicium facito. Nil igitur in natura, quin illius v&longs;us, aut <lb/>vnus, aut plures indicari po&longs;sint quo, &longs;i careat, aliter habendum non erit, quam manus mortua, <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg231"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;ine lapidea quæ &longs;olo nomine &longs;unt manus, ratione verò non item. Nam cuncta officio, & pote­<lb/>&longs;tate definiuntur, <emph type="sup"/>b<emph.end type="sup"/> quibus &longs;i priuentur, iam non amplius eadem reputanda, &longs;ed ambiguè. <arrow.to.target n="marg232"></arrow.to.target> <expan abbr="Quã-quam">Quan­<lb/><lb/>quam</expan> vnum rei vnius v&longs;um pro natura expectare oportet qui quidem &longs;it præcipuus. Sic enim <lb/>optimè in&longs;trumenta proficiunt, &longs;i eorum &longs;ingula non multis officiis, &longs;ed vni de&longs;eruiant. Neque <lb/>tale quippiam natura facit, vt fabri ferrarij propter inopiam & <foreign lang="greek">penix<gap/>w_s</foreign>, ide&longs;t more pauperum <lb/>gladium delphicum. <emph type="sup"/>c<emph.end type="sup"/> quo & ad &longs;acra peragenda <expan abbr="victimas&qacute;">victimasque</expan>. &longs;ecandas & ad c&ecedil;dendos &longs;onteis <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg233"></arrow.to.target><lb/>vterentur. nec vt illi qui propter frugalitatem veru fabricabant, quo item lucerna figeretur: ex <lb/>quo dicebatur <foreign lang="greek">o)beliskolu/xnion</foreign> <emph type="sup"/>d<emph.end type="sup"/> nomine &longs;cilicet, vtrunque &longs;ignificante officium. Atque arti <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg234"></arrow.to.target><lb/>quidem materia deficere pote&longs;t; natura copiis omnibus affluit & abundat: itaque vnam rem vni <lb/>muneri delegat; & &longs;iqui alij v&longs;us o&longs;tendantur, huic vni quodam modo &longs;eruiunt, vt aliàs o&longs;ten­<lb/>demus. Cùm verò nonnunquam eueniat, vt plura quidem officia, veruntamen non &longs;e&longs;e vici&longs;­<lb/>&longs;im re&longs;picientia pr&ecedil;&longs;to &longs;int; quid enim gu&longs;tui cum locutione, aut re&longs;pirationi cum alimento? &longs;ic <lb/>natura rebus omnibus prudenti&longs;simè con&longs;uluit quæ propter melius ita effecerit: id verò &longs;ic con­<lb/>tingit, quòd vnum præ&longs;tat officium, quia nece&longs;&longs;arium &longs;it; alterum commoditatis ergò &longs;ubiungit. <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg235"></arrow.to.target><lb/>Nece&longs;&longs;arius enim fuerat gu&longs;tatus: quippe quòd animal &longs;u&longs;tineri non po&longs;&longs;et, ni&longs;i aleretur, alimen­<lb/>ti verò &longs;en&longs;us e&longs;t gu&longs;tus qui quidem in perfectis perfectus e&longs;&longs;e perhibetur, & imperfectus in im­<lb/>perfectis. os item nece&longs;&longs;arium, vt eo &longs;umatur alimentum. &longs;ed ita fabricatus e&longs;t &longs;en&longs;us ille, vt non <lb/>alio in&longs;trumento, aut loco natura locutioni melius prouidere potuerit. Sic etiam po&longs;tquàm ore <lb/>cibus erat capiendus, indè quoque perbellè valuit &longs;ubuenire calori &longs;piratum efficiens per quem <lb/>exhalare po&longs;&longs;et, ne copia &longs;uffocatus extingueretur, & animal enecaret. Neque hic talpæ oculos, <lb/>aut muli genitalia commemorare oportet, quorum nullus &longs;it v&longs;us in rerum natura. &longs;unt enim <lb/>hæc orbata & imperfecta, quòd efficientium progre&longs;&longs;us impediuntur &longs;uperante materia. vt ta­<lb/>met&longs;i efficientia &longs;ummum conficere &longs;tudent; ex hac materia non aliud po&longs;sint efficere, neque <expan abbr="r&etilde;">rem</expan> <lb/>vlterius promouere: non &longs;ecus àc &longs;i optimus pi&longs;tor panem candidi&longs;simum ex hordeo, &longs;icut è <lb/>tritico vellet interere. Neque enim ad eum candorem &longs;e perduci hordei materia pateretur. <lb/>quanuis &longs;u&longs;picandum non &longs;it, naturam rei potiori con&longs;ului&longs;&longs;e quam tamen, &longs;i pr&ecedil;&longs;tare voluerit, <lb/>illud mali perpetuo &longs;it affixum, vt &longs;i cui legislatori ciuitatem ex opulentis con&longs;tituere libeat, ade­<lb/>runt nece&longs;&longs;ario pauperes, qui diuitum erunt a&longs;&longs;eclæ <emph type="sup"/>e<emph.end type="sup"/>. Multi enim &longs;unt, qui diuitum ope <arrow.to.target n="marg236"></arrow.to.target> indi­<lb/><lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg237"></arrow.to.target><lb/>geant. Vnde illud e&longs;t Simonidis poëtæ dictum de &longs;apientibus & diuitibus. Nam cum Hieronis <lb/>Syracu&longs;arum regis vxor, aliquando rogaret Simonidem, vtrum melius e&longs;&longs;et fieri &longs;apientem, an <lb/>diuitem? ille re&longs;pondit è ve&longs;tigio, fieri diuitem. quoniam viri &longs;apientes diuitum domos frequen­<lb/>tarent, & ab iis nece&longs;&longs;aria ad humanum victum petere cogerentur. Facit igitur ea natura, &longs;eu vi­<lb/>detur potius facere fru&longs;trà; quoniam, vt faceret id, quod in eo genere optimum foret, parum hoc <lb/>mali admittere coacta e&longs;t. Atque id quidem rarò contingit, vt in tanta mole non videatur e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>curandum. Neque hoc ip&longs;um etiam præter naturam &longs;impliciter, quippe quòd ex materiæ ne­<lb/>ce&longs;sitate proueniat. Nil igitur fru&longs;tra natura & Deus efficiunt. Ex eo quoque fonte dimanat, <lb/>quòd nihil idem per &longs;e e&longs;&longs;e, & ab alio fieri queat; quo pronuntiato v&longs;us e&longs;t Ari&longs;toteles 1. de An. <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg238"></arrow.to.target><lb/>idque generatim &longs;ump&longs;it; &longs;iue ab aliquo, vt ab efficiente, &longs;iue vt à fine penderet: nam quid opus <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg239"></arrow.to.target><lb/>e&longs;t, vt quod ex &longs;e habet, ab alio mendicetur? præterquàm quòd eueniret, vt contradicentia con­<lb/>&longs;i&longs;terent: &longs;iquidem: quatenus ex &longs;e iam haberet; quatenus ex alio; deficeret. Verùm neque etiam <lb/><emph type="sup"/>f<emph.end type="sup"/> deficere Deus & natura &longs;olent in nece&longs;&longs;ariis. ac &longs;iquando hoc eueniat, id incerto quodam ca&longs;u <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg240"></arrow.to.target><lb/>fit, quo materia quidem contumax e&longs;t; nec ritè eam tractantibus obedit: verùm, quia non pen­<lb/>det ex nece&longs;sitate materiæ, non perpetuum e&longs;t, velut illa quæ de talpa & mulo pronunciauimus; <pb pagenum="24"/>&longs;ed infinitum, vt quòd &longs;ine digitis homo oriatur. H&ecedil;c verò &longs;unt præter naturam &longs;impliciter, & ad <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg241"></arrow.to.target><lb/>mon&longs;tra referuntur. Neque verò illud mon&longs;trum e&longs;t, quòd mulus non propaget, & talpa non <lb/>cernat. &longs;emper enim &longs;ic euenit, aut plurimum; & &longs;ecundum naturam igitur. Sed quòd hic &longs;ine <lb/>oculis, aut digitis oriatur, infrequens e&longs;t: itaque præter naturam. C&ecedil;terùm de hi&longs;ce differentiis <lb/>pluribus po&longs;teà di&longs;&longs;eretur. At verò &longs;i non abundat natura, neque deficit; certè complebit om­<lb/>nia quæcunque aggredietur, vt omnibus &longs;uis numeris & partibus ab&longs;oluta &longs;int quæ quidem pro <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg242"></arrow.to.target><lb/>cuiu&longs;que rei ratione de&longs;iderantur. Nil igitur erit in natura (ni&longs;i quæ vis ib&longs;titit) imperfectum; <lb/>quando ad extremum &longs;ui motus natura peruenerit. Neque &longs;olùm; quia naturæ mouentis offi­<lb/>cia non amplius flagiter: verùm etiam, quod in eo genere &longs;ummum &longs;it & extremum quo natura <lb/>queat a&longs;pirare. Et verò vt negari non pote&longs;t, in omni rerum in&longs;titutione e&longs;&longs;e aliquid extremum, <lb/>atque perfectum, pictura enim & fabrica <expan abbr="c&ecedil;ter&ecedil;&qacute;">c&ecedil;ter&ecedil;que</expan>. artes habent quendam ab&longs;oluti operis <expan abbr="effectũ">effectum</expan>: <lb/>&longs;ic in vite & homine dandum e&longs;t naturam &longs;uo quodam itinere peruenire ad extremum quod in <lb/>eo genere &longs;it præ&longs;tanti&longs;simum, atque illud e&longs;t, vt &longs;uo quæque res munere fungatur, veluti quòd <lb/>plantæ fructum ferant, & animalia con&longs;imile generare po&longs;sint. Quocirca neque etiam videtur <lb/>aggredi id quod &longs;e adepturam non &longs;perat, cùm perpetuò contendat in finem, quo impo&longs;ito tum <lb/>res ab&longs;oluta e&longs;t: hic &longs;i tollatur, iam non habebit natura quo properet. ecquid igitur cau&longs;&longs;æ, cur <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg243"></arrow.to.target><lb/>mouere incipiat? &longs;emper enim malè habebit & fru&longs;tra laborabit. præ&longs;tat ergo quie&longs;cere. Verun­<lb/>tamen, cùm ex artibus aliquæ <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> imitentur, vt pictura, <expan abbr="nõnullæ">nonnullæ</expan> <expan abbr="&longs;uppleãt">&longs;uppleant</expan> & perficiant ea, qu&ecedil; <lb/>natura non pote&longs;t, vt chirurgica, neque enim natura pote&longs;t os luxatum componere; &longs;ic <foreign lang="greek">h(texun</foreign><lb/>in agricultura <foreign lang="greek">u(ph<gap/>etei_ th_|fu/sei</foreign>, vt in&longs;itione & &longs;tercoratione <emph type="sup"/>a<emph.end type="sup"/> non igitur (dicet qui&longs;piam.) <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg244"></arrow.to.target><lb/>natura cuncta perficiet, quæ natura exi&longs;tunt. Ni&longs;i dicamus artem &longs;ic perficere ea, quæ &longs;unt na­<lb/>tura, quatenus &longs;ine illius ope natura non po&longs;&longs;et opera &longs;ua pr&ecedil;&longs;tare; qua&longs;i ars in operis partem ac­<lb/>cipiatur, quandò non &longs;ubmini&longs;trat ars agendi patiendiúe facultatem rebus naturalibus: &longs;ed ap­<lb/>plicat agentia ad patientia, & è medio tollit impedimenta. his expeditis, natura tum per &longs;e ip­<lb/>&longs;am operatur, vt o&longs;&longs;a conglutinat. Itaque medicina <expan abbr="aliæ&qacute;">aliæque</expan>. artes naturæ mini&longs;træ dicuntur. <lb/>Quinimmo, &longs;i rem ip&longs;am diligentius ob&longs;erues, natura perficit ea quæ fiunt ab arte. <emph type="sup"/>b<emph.end type="sup"/> Ecce &longs;erit <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg245"></arrow.to.target><lb/>agricola, is vere pluuiam exoptat qu&ecedil; promoueat &longs;egetes, & &longs;olem, qui &ecedil;&longs;tate maturet; atque ita <lb/>&longs;ementem accommodat ad anni tempe&longs;tates, vt cum frugum profectu congruant. Aedificator <lb/>etiam fa&longs;tigium conficit fornicatum, quia lapides nutu <expan abbr="pondere&qacute;">pondereque</expan>. proprio pr&ecedil;grauantes, conten­<lb/>dendo ad centrum, & &longs;e&longs;e vici&longs;sim comprimendo, redduntur immobiles. Itaque iam hic ars <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg246"></arrow.to.target><lb/>perfectis vtitur; &longs;ed quoniam aptat ad v&longs;us humanos; etiam perficere perhibetur. Ergo <arrow.to.target n="marg247"></arrow.to.target> &longs;impli­<lb/><lb/>citer perfectio profici&longs;citur à natura quam ita per&longs;equitur, vt ab eo progre&longs;&longs;u ne digito quidem <lb/>recedat. Itaque ars etiam naturæ motibus ob&longs;equitur & hunc illi opponit, vt vim naturæ &longs;upe­<lb/>rantis reprimens <emph type="sup"/>c<emph.end type="sup"/> varios & multiplices v&longs;us exhibere po&longs;sit. At verò perfectionem præ&longs;tat <arrow.to.target n="marg248"></arrow.to.target> na­<lb/><lb/>tura, quòd vnaquæque res naturalis &longs;ic agit; quia &longs;ic natura comparata e&longs;t. Et (ni pror&longs;us fallor) <lb/>aliter &longs;e res habet atque in c&ecedil;teris, quorum v&longs;us aliquis e&longs;&longs;e &longs;olet. Siquidem alia &longs;unt huiu&longs;mo­<lb/>di, vt ijs vtamur; at nos i&longs;tis vtimur quia &longs;unt huiu&longs;modi: exempli gratia, &longs;ic frenum e&longs;t compa­<lb/>ratum, vt eques illo vtatur. at id fabricatur ex ferro, quia ferrum tale e&longs;t, vt eo po&longs;sit vti in illo <lb/>officio pr&ecedil;&longs;tando. Quapropter opinor in iis qu&ecedil; &longs;truuntur, vt cæteris v&longs;ui &longs;int, quarum artium <lb/>v&longs;us e&longs;t proprius, eas e&longs;&longs;e præferendas: &longs;ic in cæteris vbi v&longs;us &longs;it, quia &longs;int huiu&longs;modi rem aliter <lb/>&longs;e habere puto, nimirum cedere illam, quæ vtatur. aut ita di&longs;tingueres ex v&longs;u fieri bonas; aut <lb/>quòd iis vtamur; quia bonæ &longs;unt eæ quidem vtente &longs;unt imperfectiores, has etiam antecellere <lb/>vtenti non inconuenit. Ita &longs;it, vt naturam &longs;emper arti pr&ecedil;ponam; aut &longs;iquid &longs;uperioris <expan abbr="agno&longs;cã">agno&longs;cam</expan> <lb/>in v&longs;u rerum naturalium, id ego hominem faciam, qui & ip&longs;e e&longs;t præ&longs;tanti&longs;sima natura, cui om­<lb/>nia quodammodo nata e&longs;&longs;e docent philo&longs;ophi <emph type="sup"/>d<emph.end type="sup"/> de qua re aliàs. Sed redeamus ad naturam. Ea <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg249"></arrow.to.target><lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg250"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;anè quemadmodum antè monuimus, eundem tenorem perpetuò &longs;eruat, quippe quæ &longs;implex <lb/>&longs;it, nec varios v&longs;us re&longs;piciat, &longs;ed id &longs;olummodo, quod &longs;uum ip&longs;ius proprium e&longs;t. Itaque &longs;em­<lb/>per ignis a&longs;cendit, & vbi in &longs;uperiorem locum peruenerit, ibi quoque manet &longs;uapte natura: ter­<lb/>ra item de&longs;cendit ad centrum in quo perpetuò quie&longs;ceret, ni&longs;i ob&longs;tatet cau&longs;&longs;a violans. ac &longs;i &longs;ecus <lb/>eueniat, externa aliqua cau&longs;&longs;a pote&longs;t a&longs;signari varietatis illius, <expan abbr="neq;">neque</expan> enim id iam amplius e&longs;t pro­<lb/>ratione naturæ, vt &longs;i terra maneat in loco &longs;uperiore, aut è loco &longs;uo moueatur: & cau&longs;&longs;a reddi <lb/>pote&longs;t, cur de&longs;cendat nunc, mox autem quie&longs;cat. illud enim e&longs;t naturæ imperfectæ, qu&ecedil; ad per­<lb/>fectionem tendit, hoc iam eius qu&ecedil; perfectionem &longs;uam con&longs;ecuta fuerit. Semper ergo &longs;ui &longs;imi­<lb/>lis e&longs;t ip&longs;a natura, vt etiam de con&longs;imilibus idem iudicium non ab&longs;urdè fiat, aut item afferenda <lb/>ratio, cur ordo ille fuerit immutatus; vt puta &longs;i ratio per&longs;uadet ex a&longs;tris vnum e&longs;&longs;e rotundum, <expan abbr="id&etilde;">idem</expan> <lb/>quoque iudicium de c&ecedil;teris ferre oportebit, aut di&longs;criminis ratio reddenda. Sic cùm commune <lb/>&longs;it compluribus animalibus habere cor, & in quibu&longs;dam, vt in auibus ob&longs;eruemus, ip&longs;um primò <lb/>produci eodem modo de c&ecedil;teris iudicabimus: ni&longs;i cau&longs;&longs;a &longs;uccurrat, cur in re con&longs;imili diuer&longs;um <lb/>in&longs;titutum natura tenuerit. ac ni&longs;i ratio &longs;ubueniat pertinacis omnino animi &longs;it id quod con&longs;tat <pb pagenum="25"/> <arrow.to.target n="marg251"></arrow.to.target><lb/>in &longs;imili, non approbare. Ex quo efficitur, vt nonnunquam &longs;ic argumentatus fuerit Ari&longs;toteles. <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg252"></arrow.to.target><lb/>Id ita euenit in hoc. Et in omnibus igitur. <emph type="sup"/>a<emph.end type="sup"/> Quia natura &longs;implex e&longs;t & vniformis, neque vites <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg253"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;uas remittit, ni&longs;i à contrariis affligatur; neque habet in &longs;e principium quoddam, &longs;eu facultatem <lb/>cuius ope nunc aliquid accipiat, re&longs;puat aliàs; neque cur id magis nunc quàm mox expetat. <lb/>cuiu&longs;modi in homine reperitur quam voluntatem dicimus. idcirco &longs;emper nititur in &longs;ummum <lb/>quod pote&longs;t. Et cùm ea &longs;it contrariorum vis, vt &longs;e&longs;e vici&longs;sim retundant; probabile quoque e&longs;t <lb/>ip&longs;am plus ab initio valere quàm in progre&longs;&longs;u; nihilominus, quia principio materia repugnat <lb/>& plagas quæ ab efficiente infliguntur, fortiter repellit; neque facilè induci pote&longs;t vt de&longs;erat il­<lb/>lam formam, qua cum diutius con&longs;ueuit; minor e&longs;t ab initio progre&longs;&longs;us. At verò cùm materia <lb/>bonum illud, quod ab efficiente obiicitur, c&ecedil;perit degu&longs;tare, libenter etiam cedit imperanti, & <lb/>qua&longs;i vires addens efficienti, magis proficit. (&longs;emper enim bene mobilior ad virtutem fit etiam <lb/>quodcunque incrementum &longs;ump&longs;erit à principio) <emph type="sup"/>b<emph.end type="sup"/> ac &longs;i demum contrario dominetur efficiens <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg254"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ad illum perfectionis gradum promouet, quem, vel in &longs;e habet, &longs;ibi &longs;imile in &longs;pecie producens, <lb/>&longs;i fuerit vniuocum; (quicquid enim deficit, materiæ <expan abbr="prohibentis&qacute;">prohibentisque</expan>. vitio tribuendum) vel con­<lb/>tinet virtute, & modo quodam præ&longs;tantiore quàm &longs;i actu po&longs;sideret tantum eo tempore confe­<lb/>rens, quantum materia pote&longs;t accipere. Nanque & id &longs;en&longs;us o&longs;tendit e&longs;&longs;e duo cau&longs;&longs;arum <arrow.to.target n="marg255"></arrow.to.target> gene­<lb/><lb/>ra, quorum vnum &longs;it vniuocum, vt cùm homo hominem gignit, alterum verò quod ab Ari&longs;to­<lb/>tele nominatur actus, &longs;iue perfectio; &longs;iquidem vibex à baculo non &longs;ibi &longs;imili producatur. nun­<lb/>quam prouehit vlterius: ni&longs;i fortè habilitas materiæ tanta fuerit, vt paullo momento po&longs;sit im­<lb/>pelli. Nam facilius e&longs;t voluere globum quàm cubum. Itaque nihil agit vltra gradum &longs;uum; <lb/>efficiens quidem vniuocum nihilo plus contribuens quàm in &longs;e habeat; materia verò non acci­<lb/>piens, ni&longs;i id quod ip&longs;a &longs;ub&longs;tinere pote&longs;t, vbi efficiens &longs;it diuer&longs;um. ac &longs;iquando &longs;ecus appareat. <lb/>cauendum e&longs;t ne forte &longs;it accidens: nanque album per accidens efficit animal, neúe etiam in&longs;tru­<lb/>mentum; huius verò proprium e&longs;t, vt alterius virtute munitum moueat. itaque illius beneficio <lb/>plus multo pote&longs;t quàm per &longs;e ip&longs;um valeret. aut ne id propen&longs;ioni materiæ &longs;it ad&longs;cribendum: <lb/>quia &longs;æpe &longs;it vt ip&longs;a per &longs;e moueatur eodem modo, quo ab efficiente moueretur. <emph type="sup"/>c<emph.end type="sup"/> <expan abbr="ideo&qacute;">ideoque</expan>. paullo <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg256"></arrow.to.target><lb/>momento plurimum impellitur. Proinde monebat Galenus <emph type="sup"/>d<emph.end type="sup"/> nonnulla exiguum con&longs;ecuta <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg257"></arrow.to.target><lb/>momentum maximos progre&longs;&longs;us interdum facere. quare et&longs;i vera propo&longs;itio; propter id quod <lb/>na&longs;citur ex euento, facta dubia probationem aliquam po&longs;tulare vi&longs;a e&longs;t: itaque &longs;ic confirmari <lb/>potuit. tum quòd eius oppo&longs;itum tollit aliud principium quod e&longs;t <expan abbr="euid&etilde;ti&longs;simum">euidenti&longs;simum</expan>. omnes enim <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg258"></arrow.to.target><lb/>fatentur vniuer&longs;a ex Deo e&longs;&longs;e, <expan abbr="eum&qacute;">eumque</expan>. e&longs;&longs;e cau&longs;&longs;am omnium perfecti&longs;simam. atqui non valeret, ex <lb/>ip&longs;o &longs;unt omnia, ergo e&longs;t cau&longs;&longs;a perfecti&longs;sima, nam dicet <expan abbr="quãuis">quanuis</expan> dicere po&longs;&longs;et aliquis, id quod e&longs;t <lb/>perfectius, ab eo produci, quod e&longs;t imperfectius, tum item &longs;i effectus quàm cau&longs;&longs;a perfectior e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>po&longs;&longs;et: diuidamus cogitatione effectum in duo, nempe in id quo <expan abbr="&longs;ecundũ">&longs;ecundum</expan> perfectionem adæquat <lb/>&longs;uam cau&longs;&longs;am, & in id quod exuperat: quæro vnde'nam habeat effectus ille exuperantiam, non <lb/>ex &longs;e: quia quicquid e&longs;t in effectu, habet cau&longs;&longs;am, non à cau&longs;sis: quia nihil dat, quod non habet <lb/>actu, &longs;eu virtute, Quòd &longs;iquando par fuerit, aut propemodum vtriu&longs;que contrarij robur & agen­<lb/>tis & patientis, in tertium vtraque &longs;imul degenerant. Omnis verò efficientis promotio &longs;en&longs;im <lb/><expan abbr="paullatim&qacute;">paullatimque</expan>. fit, vt <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> appareat vllo vnquàm tempore naturam ab extremo ad extremum facere <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg259"></arrow.to.target><lb/>mutationem, ni&longs;i per certa & conuenientia media feratur. Nam &longs;icuti bonus grammaticus ac­<lb/>cipiens puerum informandum prius vocem componere docet; deinde mon&longs;trat vocum notas; <lb/>tum in&longs;tituit ad orationem &longs;truendam, ad extremum tradit præcepta ornatè loquendi: &longs;ic natu­<lb/>ra per debitos apparatus ab imo ad &longs;ummum procedit. Neque tantum ordinatus i&longs;te progre&longs;­<lb/>&longs;us in rebus producendis ob&longs;eruatur; verùm &longs;i ordinem quoque rerum &longs;pectes, ab imo quod <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg260"></arrow.to.target><lb/>e&longs;t propemodum nihil, ad <expan abbr="&longs;ummũ">&longs;ummum</expan> per interualla conuenientia procedit. C&ecedil;terùm de hoc aliàs. <lb/>Nunc illud &longs;peculemur, quemadmodum natura efficiendo media tran&longs;eat. Id autem accipien­<lb/>dum nobis e&longs;t, cùm in habentibus intentionem & remi&longs;sionem, tùm in omnibus aliis mutationi­<lb/>bus per &longs;e, quæ &longs;cilicet non pendent ex alia mutatione, etenim ex eo dexter cùm ego tibi &longs;im, fio <lb/>&longs;ini&longs;ter; non &longs;anè, quia muter; &longs;ed quòd tu ip&longs;e moueris: at verò albus fio, aliquid ip&longs;e accipiens, <lb/>& in me ip&longs;o facta perturbatione. <emph type="sup"/>e<emph.end type="sup"/> De his ergo mutationibus loquor. In omnibus autem <arrow.to.target n="marg261"></arrow.to.target> acci­<lb/><lb/>pio per hæc tempora, quod pluribus po&longs;teà perpendetur, ine&longs;&longs;e nece&longs;&longs;ario quædam media, &longs;eu <lb/>gradus quo&longs;dam, &longs;eu materiæ proce&longs;&longs;us & pote&longs;tatis, quibus ab imo & non ente ad &longs;ummum & <lb/>oppo&longs;itum perducatur, vt cùm à primo gradu ad octauum albedo &longs;it prouehenda, natura à pri­<lb/>mo ad &longs;ecundum, mox ad tertium, & &longs;ic ordinatè procedendo producit albedinem. H&ecedil;c quidem <lb/>media &longs;unt, quæ vocat Ari&longs;toteles. <emph type="sup"/>f<emph.end type="sup"/> ita definiens. In quod prius aptum natura e&longs;t <arrow.to.target n="marg262"></arrow.to.target> perue­<lb/><lb/>nire id quod mutatur, quàm in quod vltimum mutatur, &longs;ecundum naturam continuè mutatio­<lb/>nem patiens, vbi mutatio vult e&longs;&longs;e continua, non intermi&longs;&longs;a; &longs;iquidem, vbi intermittatur, illud <lb/>momentum, in quo mutatio ce&longs;&longs;at, iam extremum e&longs;t, quo res iam mutata e&longs;t & exi&longs;tit, non am­<lb/>plius mutatur. ac &longs;iquid ip&longs;i re&longs;pondeat, quod &longs;it &longs;ecundum naturam, ide&longs;t forma: &longs;in minus; <pb pagenum="26"/>e&longs;t quiddam imperfectum. quamquàm de hoc po&longs;tea tractabitur. & cùm hoc inter, &longs;it, dum &longs;it <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg263"></arrow.to.target><lb/>motus, iam liquet ip&longs;um non pertinere ad formam & actum, &longs;ed ad pote&longs;tatem & materiam. <lb/>Quapropter non e&longs;t cur expectes media, &longs;icut viride & rufum; nam &longs;unt h&ecedil;c aliquid actus; nec <lb/>omnino ea media, quæ formæ dicuntur; &longs;ed media, quæ &longs;unt pote&longs;tatis & materiæ, qu&ecedil; dicuntur <lb/>tran&longs;itus. Itaque cùm in omni motu &longs;it aliqua pote&longs;tas, cuius actus <expan abbr="quidã">quidam</expan> imperfectus e&longs;t motus: <lb/>planum e&longs;t, quòd in omni motu &longs;eu mutatione per &longs;e tale <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> intercedit. Id omne percurren­<lb/>dum e&longs;t, nec quicquam pr&ecedil;tereundum, modo ea &longs;e deinceps &longs;uaptè natura con&longs;equantur. <expan abbr="eo&qacute;">eoque</expan>. <lb/>modo à pote&longs;tate ad actum totis viribus natura contendit. Hinc efficitur, vt ea quæ origine ante­<lb/>cedunt, &longs;int imperfectiora, & ea demum po&longs;tremò loco natura perficiat quorum productio diffi­<lb/>cilior & v&longs;us maior. cùm enim eiu&longs;modi &longs;int, multa flagitant ex quibus &longs;ub&longs;i&longs;tant. Mitto hîc ea <lb/>quæ &longs;unt origine <expan abbr="quid&etilde;">quidem</expan> priora; &longs;ed eius ingenij, vt ab illis c&ecedil;tera, tanquam à cau&longs;&longs;a principe pen­<lb/>deant, vel vt i de cordis ortu Ari&longs;totelis &longs;ententia fertur. Atqui & hæc item pluribus aliàs, à <arrow.to.target n="marg264"></arrow.to.target> pro­<lb/><lb/>po&longs;ito ne di&longs;cedamus. Atque ea quidem, quæ natura producit, ita procedunt, vt perficiatur im­<lb/>perfectum paullatim proficiens, donec ad &longs;ummum peruenerit. At verò &longs;ic ea quæ intercedunt, <lb/><expan abbr="cõnexa">connexa</expan> &longs;unt, vt po&longs;terius &longs;ine po&longs; non exi&longs;tat, quemadmodum paries &longs;ine fundamentis. <expan abbr="ceterũ">ceterum</expan> <lb/>& illa omnia quæ antecedunt, ita &longs;e re&longs;piciunt, vt proximè antecedens &longs;it gratia con&longs;equentis. & <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg265"></arrow.to.target><lb/>vniuer&longs;a &longs;imul, eius gratia quod omnium <expan abbr="extremũ">extremum</expan> e&longs;t. Nanque omnia quæ &longs;trùit & molitur &ecedil;di­<lb/>ficator, &longs;unt gratia domus: &longs;ed parietes gratia tecti, fundamenta gratia parietum. Itaque priora <lb/>natura &longs;unt dupliciter, vel origine, vel perfectione ex quibus ille ordo na&longs;citur, qui à natura non <lb/>&longs;ecus &longs;eparari nequit, quàm lumen à Sole. Ex illo enim vinculo quo colligatæ &longs;unt res naturales, <lb/>id na&longs;citur vt hoc ex hoc ita pendeat, vt nec ex alio pendêre po&longs;sit, nec aliud ex illo. Etenim, &longs;i fa­<lb/>&longs;tigium <expan abbr="impon&etilde;dum">imponendum</expan> e&longs;t, nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t parietes extruantur: & ob id extruuntur parietes, vt imponi <lb/>queat, nec &longs;ine parietibus extaret fa&longs;tigium: neque item erigeret parietes ædificator, ni&longs;i vellet iis <lb/>ip&longs;um imponi. Atque ita rata &longs;unt tempora & vices quibus i&longs;tiu&longs;modi opera à natura admini­<lb/>&longs;trantur, vt ni&longs;i quid violens ob&longs;tet, eundem &longs;emper &longs;ucce&longs;&longs;um atque exitum qu&ecedil;que res habitu­<lb/>ra videatur. Ea tibi tempora præfinita, quibus embryon in vtero formatur & exit in luminis oras <lb/>atque aliud maris, aliud f&ecedil;min&ecedil;. vides ætatum progre&longs;&longs;us inuariabiles. con&longs;picis <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> &longs;ucce&longs;siones <lb/>tempe&longs;tatum &longs;umma con&longs;tantia gubernatas quæ cùm à certo naturæ principe regantur, <expan abbr="varietat&etilde;">varietatem</expan> <lb/>illam &ecedil;quabilem in mundo inferiore progignunt. M<gap/>e nunc rerum vici&longs;situdines; <expan abbr="cõuerte">conuerte</expan> te ad <lb/>rerum gradus <expan abbr="cõtemplandos">contemplandos</expan>, ita di&longs;po&longs;ita &longs;anè &longs;unt vniuer&longs;i membra, vt quo altius &longs;e <expan abbr="&longs;u&longs;tulerũt">&longs;u&longs;tulerunt</expan>, <lb/>eo quoque pr&ecedil;&longs;tantiora &longs;int. aciem intende in ea omnia ex quibus vniuer&longs;a rerum e&longs;&longs;entia <arrow.to.target n="marg266"></arrow.to.target> coale­<lb/><lb/>&longs;cit; &longs;ic à &longs;ummo ad ima <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> progredi per&longs;picies, vt paruo quodam interuallo &longs;ingulæ natur&ecedil; <lb/>di&longs;cretæ, vniuer&longs;am e&longs;&longs;entiæ latitudinem <expan abbr="cõpleant">compleant</expan>, nihil inane relinquant, nullam <expan abbr="intercapedin&etilde;">intercapedinem</expan> <lb/>faciant, & &longs;ingula &longs;uis partibus & numeris ab&longs;oluta &longs;unt, & &longs;uis quæque locis <expan abbr="officiis&qacute;">officiisque</expan>. di&longs;pen&longs;a­<lb/>ta, vt æqui&longs;simè naturam <expan abbr="in&longs;ti&longs;simã">in&longs;ti&longs;simam</expan> venerabilis ille &longs;enex appellarit. <emph type="sup"/>a<emph.end type="sup"/> Nam &longs;i pro merito cuique <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg267"></arrow.to.target><lb/>pro&longs;picere ac di&longs;tribuere in&longs;titiæ <expan abbr="officiũ">officium</expan> e&longs;t; cùm id optimè natura præ&longs;titerit, iure in&longs;ti&longs;sima per­<lb/>hiberi pote&longs;t, & tanquam legislator ille cui leges à Deo dictatæ fuerint, ordine admirabili cuncta <lb/>di&longs;ponens & cuique &longs;uum tribuens, &longs;eruat illud iu&longs;titiæ genus, quod di&longs;tributiuum vocant: &longs;ic de <lb/>natura ip&longs;a confitendum e&longs;t. Quocirca & ip&longs;a e&longs;t vera rerum ratio, <emph type="sup"/>b<emph.end type="sup"/> hoc e&longs;t verus ordinis auctor <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg268"></arrow.to.target><lb/>& quicquid pr&ecedil;ter rationem i&longs;tam exi&longs;tit, e&longs;t omnino pr&ecedil;ter naturam. Itaque infinitum, quia po­<lb/>&longs;itum e&longs;t extra omnem rationem, ab ip&longs;a natura non recipitur. ordo enim cuiu&longs;que proprius e&longs;t <lb/>natura <expan abbr="&longs;en&longs;iliũ">&longs;en&longs;ilium</expan> qui citra <expan abbr="ration&etilde;">rationem</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> con&longs;i&longs;tit, in infinito verò ratio nulla, neque ad &longs;eip&longs;um, neque <lb/>ad aliud. Ita .n. qu&ecedil;que res in natura &longs;e habet, vt pro illa ratione <04>ducatur, qu&ecedil; <expan abbr="cõ&longs;tat">con&longs;tat</expan> iis numeris, <lb/>de quibus <expan abbr="explicatũ">explicatum</expan> e&longs;t nuper, & qui aut &longs;emper, aut <expan abbr="plurimũ">plurimum</expan> ob&longs;eruantur. h&ecedil;c <expan abbr="aut&etilde;">autem</expan> po&longs;ita e&longs;t in <lb/>ratione materi&ecedil; ad <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> & <expan abbr="fin&etilde;">finem</expan>, ex quib. &longs;en&longs;ilia <expan abbr="cõflata">conflata</expan> &longs;unt. itaque ordo, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> natura qu&ecedil; motus <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg269"></arrow.to.target><lb/><expan abbr="initiũ">initium</expan> e&longs;t, &longs;ed natura .i. natio &longs;tatuetur, quinto natur&ecedil; &longs;ignificato, de quo alibi dicetur. Ni&longs;i etiam tu <lb/><expan abbr="habitudin&etilde;">habitudinem</expan> materi&ecedil; ad <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> e&longs;&longs;e velis cau&longs;&longs;am <expan abbr="e&longs;&longs;ential&etilde;">e&longs;&longs;entialem</expan> productionis <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> <expan abbr="naturaliũ">naturalium</expan>, quod po­<lb/>&longs;tea <expan abbr="di&longs;putandũ">di&longs;putandum</expan> e&longs;t. Nam &longs;i ita <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> &longs;ump&longs;eris, facilè concedemus, <expan abbr="ordin&etilde;">ordinem</expan> e&longs;&longs;e naturam .i. <expan abbr="princi-piũ">princi­<lb/>pium</expan> originis: quippe qui <expan abbr="cõplectatur">complectatur</expan> vtra&longs;que cau&longs;&longs;as, ex quib. per &longs;e exi&longs;tit <expan abbr="cõpo&longs;itum">compo&longs;itum</expan>. <expan abbr="qũocunq;">qunocunque</expan> <lb/>ordo proprius e&longs;t natura <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> <expan abbr="&longs;en&longs;iliũ">&longs;en&longs;ilium</expan>, quo illa qu&ecedil; carent, pr&ecedil;ter naturam habenda erunt, ea verò <lb/>&longs;unt, qu&ecedil; rarò eueniunt, & incertos exitus in&longs;uper obtinent. Vbi ordo, ibi <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> <expan abbr="quidpiã">quidpiam</expan>; vbi pri­<lb/>mum, ibi quoque <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan>. Proinde <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> ordo &longs;it maximè naturalis, videtur nece&longs;&longs;ariò con&longs;equi <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg270"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ni&longs;i &longs;emper in <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan>, contendere in <expan abbr="fin&etilde;">finem</expan> & abhorrere ab infinito <emph type="sup"/>c<emph.end type="sup"/> ita vt <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan> <expan abbr="æternitat&etilde;">æternitatem</expan> exquirit, <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg271"></arrow.to.target><lb/><expan abbr="t&mtilde;">tmm</expan> quoque re&longs;puat <expan abbr="infinitũ">infinitum</expan>. <expan abbr="Nã">Nam</expan> quod <expan abbr="&ecedil;ternũ">&ecedil;ternum</expan> e&longs;t, <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> &longs;imul exi&longs;tit, &longs;emper &longs;uo fine potitur, à qui­<lb/>bus <expan abbr="infinitũ">infinitum</expan> longi&longs;simè abe&longs;t, particulatim exoriens & <expan abbr="nunquã">nunquam</expan> ad <expan abbr="fin&etilde;">finem</expan> perueniens. Et <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> duobus <lb/>principiis vniuer&longs;a <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> natura contineatur, actu <expan abbr="nimirũ">nimirum</expan> & pote&longs;tate, è quib. actus vnus e&longs;t & vno <lb/>videlicet e&longs;&longs;e terminatur; pote&longs;tas, ni&longs;i &longs;umatur ambiguè, ea verò e&longs;t, quæ conuenit cum actu, vt <lb/>euenit in æternis, in quibus <expan abbr="id&etilde;">idem</expan> &longs;unt e&longs;&longs;e & po&longs;&longs;e: pote&longs;tas, inquàm, re&longs;picit oppo&longs;ita, nihilo &longs;ecius <lb/>ita re&longs;picit oppo&longs;ita pote&longs;tas, vt ex iis vnum poti&longs;simè &longs;pectet, alterum vel propter illud, vel <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <pb pagenum="27"/> <arrow.to.target n="marg272"></arrow.to.target><lb/>per accidens veluti pote&longs;tas ine&longs;t in materia ad e&longs;&longs;e & non e&longs;&longs;e: &longs;ed planè materia appetit e&longs;&longs;e, <lb/>non e&longs;&longs;e autem &longs;ic appetit, vt illud quod expetit, e&longs;&longs;e po&longs;sit. Neque verò re perturbet, quòd <lb/>Ari&longs;toteles vno determinarit pote&longs;tates rationis exortes, & ob id ab iis &longs;egregarit, quæ ratione <lb/>participant. &longs;iquidem pote&longs;tates rationis exortes &longs;int, vel actuo&longs;æ, vel patibiles: atque actuo&longs;os <lb/>quidem vno determinantur; nos autem de patibilibus in pr&ecedil;&longs;entia di&longs;putamus: ill&ecedil; quidem <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> <lb/>re&longs;piciunt: at no&longs;tra pote&longs;tas accipit oppo&longs;ita vici&longs;sim. Cùm verò materia &longs;it partibilis & quo­<lb/>dammodo præ&longs;eferat infinitatem quæ di&longs;per&longs;a in vnum à forma colligitur. idcirco tendere ad <lb/>vnum erit formam ver&longs;us progredi, & contra regredi ad materiam idem erit, ac per&longs;equi infini­<lb/>tum. Si ergo natura declinat infinitum & ad vnum propen&longs;a e&longs;t; planum quod tendere ad for­<lb/>mam pror&longs;us erit naturale; progredi ad materiam non naturale cen&longs;ebitur, aut &longs;altem non na­<lb/>turale &longs;impliciter & &longs;ic in melius tendet, & in ip&longs;um perpetuò collimabit, vt quoad eius fieri po­<lb/>te&longs;t, præ&longs;tet id quod melius e&longs;t <emph type="sup"/>a<emph.end type="sup"/> ex iis quæcunque rerum &longs;tatui contingunt, ni&longs;i aliter efficere <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg273"></arrow.to.target><lb/>cogatur ex nece&longs;sitate materiæ. &longs;iquidem rubiginem inferro nolit efficere; &longs;ed ferrum ex tali <expan abbr="t&etilde;-peramento">ten­<lb/>peramento</expan> con&longs;tat, vt ip&longs;um rubigo nece&longs;&longs;ariò con&longs;equatur. Atque hic melioris &longs;copus &longs;ic po­<lb/>te&longs;t apud naturam, vt etiam rebus ad aliud in&longs;titutis ad aliquod bonum fine <expan abbr="m&qacute;">mque</expan>. abutatur, vt <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <lb/>in animali nece&longs;&longs;e &longs;it e&longs;&longs;e aliquos meatus, vnde redundantiæ repurgentur, ei&longs;dem quoque <arrow.to.target n="marg274"></arrow.to.target> natu­<lb/><lb/>ra melioris <expan abbr="finis&qacute;">finisque</expan>. gratia, nimirum propagationis, vt alterum tale producatur, quale ip&longs;um e&longs;t, <lb/>abu&longs;a &longs;it. At verò ea quæ pote&longs;t exhibere natura, vel æterna &longs;unt, vel caduca, quæ &longs;anè plu&longs;quam <lb/>&longs;pecie &longs;eparantur. hæc vt natura di&longs;iuncta &longs;unt; &longs;ic varijs &longs;unt obnoxia legibus, id enim quod in <lb/>æternis effici pote&longs;t æternum e&longs;t: quod verò in caducis ex iis &longs;&ecedil;pe exi&longs;tit, quæ varietatem reci­<lb/>piunt; <expan abbr="eodem&qacute;">eodemque</expan>. diuino in&longs;tinctu concitata natura, rem minorem maiori <expan abbr="potiori&qacute;">potiorique</expan>. accommodat, <lb/>non contrà maiorem <expan abbr="nobilioren&qacute;">nobiliorenque</expan>. minori. & id quod inferius e&longs;t, vult in&longs;eruire &longs;uperiori, & <lb/><expan abbr="cui&qacute;">cuique</expan>. recta ratione vtenti, &longs;ua parat in&longs;trumenta; nec prius in&longs;trumenta fabricatur quam de vten­<lb/>te cogitauerit. Nam &longs;icuti rectius tibia mu&longs;ico præbetur quàm tibiam po&longs;sidenti, peritia tibias <lb/>inflandi: &longs;ic etiam natura facit. Itaque non immeritò reprehenditur Anaxagoras qui rationem <lb/>allaturus, cur homo omnium e&longs;&longs;et animalium prudenti&longs;simus, eam exponebat quòd manus ha­<lb/>beret. ac rectè quidem, &longs;i rationem, vt &longs;ignum exquirebat: &longs;ed &longs;i veras cau&longs;&longs;as quæ&longs;tionis indaga­<lb/>bat; recta ratio po&longs;tulat, vt idcirco fateamur homini datas e&longs;&longs;e manus, quia &longs;it animal prudenti&longs;­<lb/>simum. <emph type="sup"/>b<emph.end type="sup"/> Atque ita melius e&longs;t. Semper igitur deterius gratia melioris: <expan abbr="id&qacute;">idque</expan>. ita generale, vt per <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg275"></arrow.to.target><lb/>artes & naturam &ecedil;què pertineat. Itaque &longs;apientes pacis cau&longs;&longs;a bellum gerunt; <emph type="sup"/>c<emph.end type="sup"/> laborem &longs;pe otij <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg276"></arrow.to.target><lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg277"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;u&longs;tentant. Sed requirat hoc loco qui&longs;piam, &longs;it ne cau&longs;&longs;a hoc quod dicimus e&longs;&longs;e melius; an po­<lb/>tius effectus, & cum cau&longs;&longs;a ponatur. quod nam cau&longs;&longs;æ genus &longs;it; & quemadmodum cau&longs;&longs;æ offi­<lb/>cio fungatur. Et planè inficiari non licet, hoc ab Ari&longs;totele inter cau&longs;&longs;arum genera recen&longs;eri: in­<lb/>quit enim &longs;e habere quàm pote&longs;t optimè cau&longs;&longs;am e&longs;&longs;e. <emph type="sup"/>d<emph.end type="sup"/> <expan abbr="eam&qacute;">eamque</expan>. tam pr&ecedil;cipuam exi&longs;tima&longs;&longs;e <arrow.to.target n="marg278"></arrow.to.target> vide­<lb/><lb/>tur, vt nece&longs;&longs;e &longs;it, &longs;i melius hoc modo foret: ita quoque &longs;e habere naturam: qua&longs;i nulla prior <lb/>cau&longs;&longs;a afferri queat: ideo iure optimo non &longs;eiungetur à fine, hanc enim omnium cau&longs;&longs;am poti&longs;si­<lb/>mam ponit vnu&longs;qui&longs;que artifex, &longs;ed præcipue naturalis. Ita verò &longs;e habet vt finis. Nam cùm &longs;it <lb/>in vniuer&longs;o primum quoddam immortale, & ineffabile, &longs;impliciter ens, & &longs;impliciter bonum; <lb/>ex hoc c&ecedil;tera impetrant quòd &longs;int, & quòd bona &longs;int quodam tamen ordine, vt quæ naturam, <lb/>&longs;iue e&longs;&longs;entiam illam magis imitantur: perfectiora <expan abbr="meliora&qacute;">melioraque</expan>. &longs;int, huiu&longs;modi verò &longs;unt actus & <lb/>&longs;ub&longs;tantiæ quæ actu &longs;unt, primum materiæ exortes, deinde materiatæ: atque illæ quidem è tri­<lb/>plici &longs;erie corpora c&ecedil;le&longs;tia, forma & indiuidua, quibus e&longs;&longs;e & bonitas impertita &longs;unt miris mo­<lb/>dis. atque adeo, vt vniuer&longs;a rerum latitudo gradibus omnibus completa &longs;it quos aliqua nota di­<lb/>&longs;tinctos excipere pote&longs;t. Ergo quod e&longs;t, & quod bonum e&longs;t, cùm &longs;uoptè ingenio &longs;it finis & <arrow.to.target n="marg279"></arrow.to.target> ex­<lb/><lb/>petendum; efficitur, vt natura &longs;emper expetat id quod melius e&longs;t, & quàm maximè præ&longs;tare co­<lb/>netur ita &longs;uum finem adeptura. A &longs;uperioribus ergo principiis hoc cau&longs;&longs;æ genus extitit, & de­<lb/>&longs;cendit quodammodo c&ecedil;litus. Itaque &longs;ine errore natura producit, & vt melius non po&longs;sit. ac &longs;i­<lb/>quis corrigere aliquid volet, vt turpi&longs;simus ille Momus, aut deterius faciet, aut id quod fieri <lb/>non potuit, optabit. Sic cùm melius &longs;it e&longs;&longs;e quàm non e&longs;&longs;e, natura potius ine&longs;&longs;e quàm non e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>contendet: & &longs;i poterit; æternum numero faciet; &longs;i minus, vt æternum &longs;ucce&longs;sione &longs;it, & &longs;pecie, <lb/>curabit; nihil minus, quam &longs;ibi perniciem molietur, ni&longs;i fortè per accidens; vt ignis qui, cum in <lb/>aliena materia con&longs;i&longs;tat, <expan abbr="ea&qacute;">eaque</expan>. nece&longs;&longs;ariò nutriatur; &longs;i permanere velit, eam quoque nece&longs;&longs;ariò <expan abbr="cõ-&longs;umit">con­<lb/>&longs;umit</expan>; itaque & nece&longs;&longs;ariò necem &longs;ibi parat. & quia res tùm perfecta e&longs;t, cum iis muneribus fun­<lb/>gi pote&longs;t, quibus ip&longs;am natura de&longs;tinauit, id &longs;ummopere expetet; atque expetet, &longs;iquando <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ha­<lb/>beat, aut &longs;i non eo modo habeat, quo bene e&longs;t; ac &longs;i obtinuerit; tanquàm in oportuno diuer&longs;orio <lb/>requie&longs;cet. Hic <expan abbr="aut&etilde;">autem</expan> finis cum forma <expan abbr="cõgruit">congruit</expan>, cuius cùm tantum &longs;it <expan abbr="momentũ">momentum</expan> in natur&ecedil; operibus <lb/>etiam nos admonet & impellit in iis ve&longs;tigandis, vt maiorem formæ rationem habeamus, quàm <lb/>materiæ, quod veteres philo&longs;ophi non per&longs;picientes toto c&ecedil;lo aberrarunt. nil enim aliud quàm <lb/>materiam, naturam e&longs;&longs;e crediderunt, formas habuere pro accidentibus ac &longs;i quod aliud prin­ <pb pagenum="28"/>cipium po&longs;uere præter materiam, mouens erat, &longs;iue amor, vt cen&longs;uit Parmenides, <emph type="sup"/>a<emph.end type="sup"/> &longs;iue (vt <arrow.to.target n="marg280"></arrow.to.target> me­<lb/><lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg281"></arrow.to.target><lb/>minit Cicero <emph type="sup"/>b<emph.end type="sup"/>) &longs;tephane à coronæ &longs;imilitudine dicta, hoc e&longs;t, continens ardore lucis orbis, qui <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg282"></arrow.to.target><lb/>cingit c&ecedil;lum quem appellat Deum: aut etiam mens, vt putauit Anaxagoras, vel lis & amicitia <lb/>quas potuit Epedocles; licet ad illa confugiant vt tragici poët&ecedil;, cum explicare argumenti exitum <lb/>non po&longs;&longs;unt. Igitur cùm illis certandum fuit & error eorum confutandus. id verò cum omni <lb/>indu&longs;tria confectum fuerit ab Ari&longs;totele; facit quominus ego credam &longs;ententiam c&ecedil;teroqui ve­<lb/>ri&longs;simam nempe. Naturam e&longs;&longs;e aut agere gratia rei cuiu&longs;piam, cum principiis e&longs;&longs;e <expan abbr="numerandã">numerandam</expan>. <lb/>Neque verò mihi placet quod aliqui defendunt, non directò <expan abbr="certis&qacute;">certisque</expan>. rationibus, &longs;ed elenchicè <lb/>tractari &longs;ententiam illam qua ratione liceat inire certamen cum iis qui principia refutant. Etenim <lb/>&longs;i di&longs;putationis illius progre&longs;&longs;um animaduertas; ex propriis eius methodi principiis rem quo­<lb/>que confectam fui&longs;&longs;e reperies, & aliqua vt vera a&longs;&longs;umpta, non data; qui mos &longs;cientiarum pro­<lb/>prius e&longs;t; neque vt illò tendentia quò elenchica <expan abbr="cõfutatio">confutatio</expan> dirigitur (huius enim &longs;copi &longs;unt quin­<lb/>que repugnantia, fal&longs;um, inopinabile, &longs;olœci&longs;mus, & nugatio) &longs;ed vt o&longs;tendentia &longs;ic e&longs;&longs;e & &longs;en&longs;u <lb/>munita qui certus e&longs;t index in phy&longs;icis; & eiu&longs;modi qu&ecedil; in illa principia re&longs;olui po&longs;sint, qu&ecedil; phy­<lb/>&longs;icus pro certi&longs;simis accipit. Et indicat hoc propo&longs;itio quæ&longs;tionis quæ per notum exponitur qu&ecedil; <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg283"></arrow.to.target><lb/>cau&longs;&longs;am &longs;ignificat, nimirum <foreign lang="greek"><gap/>io/ti</foreign>, ide&longs;t quamobrem qua, tamet&longs;i optimi autores v&longs;i &longs;int pro &longs;im­<lb/>plici, quæ e&longs;t <foreign lang="greek">o_ti</foreign>, ide&longs;t quòd, nihilominus à nobis pro cau&longs;&longs;a accipienda e&longs;t, eo quòd indicat <lb/><foreign lang="greek"><gap/>o/ be/ltion</foreign>, & melius quòd finem e&longs;&longs;e &longs;uprà docuimus; <expan abbr="ea&qacute;">eaque</expan>. &longs;e profitetur afferre Ari&longs;toteles, vt <lb/>dubitationem &longs;oluat: at qui dubitationum &longs;olutiones &longs;unt ea quæ demon&longs;trantur. Itaque non <lb/>elenchicè, &longs;ed phy&longs;icè tractatum fuit hoc theorema. Planum e&longs;t quidem e&longs;&longs;e finem, & ex hac <lb/>cau&longs;&longs;a reddi po&longs;&longs;e rationem complurium problematum: liquet etiam methodos accipere qua­<lb/>tuor genera cau&longs;&longs;arum: &longs;ed illud ob&longs;curum & inquirendum; &longs;it'ne aliquis finis, cuius ergò natu­<lb/>ra operetur: & an &longs;olus materiæ cur&longs;us, vt antiqui voluerunt; ea præ&longs;tet, quæ fini tribuit in na­<lb/>tura philo&longs;ophus. Idcirco mea quidem &longs;ententia erit hoc non principium, &longs;ed theorema. <arrow.to.target n="marg284"></arrow.to.target> Natu­<lb/><lb/>ram agere cuiu&longs;piam rei gratia. Tritum quoque illud e&longs;t apud philo&longs;ophos naturales cau&longs;&longs;am <lb/>ei præferri cuius e&longs;t cau&longs;&longs;a. Nunc cau&longs;&longs;a multis modis ea re&longs;picit quorum e&longs;t auctor. Etenim vel <lb/>in nomine & ratione conuenit, vt cum filio pater, vel actus e&longs;t & perfectio: rur&longs;us cau&longs;&longs;a vel e&longs;t <lb/>in mente, vel in reip&longs;a: tum tertiò cau&longs;&longs;a vel princeps e&longs;t, vel in&longs;trumentum. Prætereà cau&longs;&longs;a e&longs;t <lb/>aut pote&longs;tas, aut actus. Po&longs;tremò cau&longs;&longs;a pertinet ad e&longs;&longs;e, cùm vbi quippiam gignitur; tùm etiam <lb/>po&longs;tquam genitum e&longs;t: nanque operatio iam e&longs;t rei genitæ &cum fine cen&longs;eri &longs;olet. Atqui <arrow.to.target n="marg285"></arrow.to.target> per­<lb/><lb/>&longs;picuum e&longs;t cau&longs;&longs;am illam quæ perfectio nuncupatur, modo quodam nobiliore quàm cau&longs;&longs;as <lb/>vniuocas, effecta &longs;ua continere, ob <expan abbr="eam&qacute;">eamque</expan>. rem ip&longs;is quoque præ&longs;tantiores e&longs;&longs;e, po&longs;tquam ex illius <lb/>gremio, vt ita dicam, effu&longs;a fuerint. Cau&longs;&longs;as item in mente, qualem ponimus e&longs;&longs;entiam, quæ defi­<lb/>nitione explicatur, ip&longs;i rei quæ exi&longs;tit, præponendas e&longs;&longs;e &longs;uo loco docebimus, interim pro hypo­<lb/>the&longs;i &longs;tatuatur. Omnes etiam confitentur actum pote&longs;tati, vt imperfecto perfectum præcedere, <lb/>& cùm materia &longs;it pote&longs;tas, c&ecedil;ter&ecedil; cau&longs;&longs;æ &longs;int actus generatim, materiam excipiunt quæ &longs;ola pro­<lb/>pter imperfectionem non &longs;it effectui præferenda; quapropter etiam cùm agens actu exi&longs;tat, pa­<lb/>tiens verò &longs;it pote&longs;tate; agens patienti &longs;ine controuer&longs;ia præponunt. ob <expan abbr="eam&qacute;">eamque</expan>. rem quia &longs;e habet <lb/>in&longs;trumentum ad cau&longs;&longs;am principem vt patiens ad agens, eodem indicio perhibemus in&longs;trumen­<lb/>tum non modo cau&longs;&longs;æ mouenti po&longs;tponendum, verùm etiam effectui po&longs;tponi po&longs;&longs;e; vt &longs;i effe­<lb/>ctus à cau&longs;&longs;a vniuoca producatur, proptereà &longs;emen, licet imperfectum; cau&longs;&longs;a hominis quæ res <lb/>e&longs;t perfecta, e&longs;&longs;e pote&longs;t, cum à meliore principio de&longs;cendat, quod e&longs;t homo alter qui actu e&longs;t, at­<lb/>que perfectus. <expan abbr="Ideo&qacute;">Ideoque</expan>. notabat veteres Ari&longs;toteles, quia rationem optimi hone&longs;ti&longs;simi & pr&ecedil;&longs;tan­<lb/>ti&longs;simi principiis denegarent, <emph type="sup"/>c<emph.end type="sup"/> quòd ex &longs;emine virum na&longs;ci per&longs;picerent, hoc verò imperfectum <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg286"></arrow.to.target><lb/>e&longs;&longs;et. neque intelligerent &longs;emen non e&longs;&longs;e principium, &longs;ed in&longs;trumentum quod ex alio penderet: <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg287"></arrow.to.target><lb/>id autem perfectum e&longs;&longs;et, cum actu exi&longs;teret à quo &longs;emen pararetur. Itaque principium <expan abbr="optimũ">optimum</expan>, <lb/>& hone&longs;ti&longs;simum e&longs;t. Et certè ita &longs;it nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t; cùm actus &longs;it principium &longs;impliciter. Nam ma­<lb/>teria quoque cùm &longs;it potentia, principiorum numero excluditur. <emph type="sup"/>d<emph.end type="sup"/> Hæc quidem à nob. <arrow.to.target n="marg288"></arrow.to.target> con&longs;en­<lb/><lb/>tienter cum c&ecedil;teris a&longs;&longs;eruntur. De vniuocis, & fine non conuenit: apparet enim eandem e&longs;&longs;e con­<lb/>ditionem Sophroni&longs;ci patris & Socratis filij; atque omnino generatim, cùm vna &longs;ub&longs;tantia indi­<lb/>uidua gignat alteram, nec vna &longs;it magis minusúe &longs;ub&longs;tantia quàm altera, neutram e&longs;&longs;e præferen­<lb/>dam. Prætereà cum finis &longs;it vel generationis, vel rei genit&ecedil;, quia rei genitæ finem in ordine acci­<lb/>dentium collocant, ea verò &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ cedunt omnibus modis, & hoc etiam cau&longs;&longs;æ genus effe­<lb/>ctui & illi cuius e&longs;t cau&longs;&longs;a, præferendum non e&longs;&longs;e ducunt. Nos contrà in vniuocis etiam cau&longs;&longs;as <lb/>effectibus anteponimus; quippe qui cau&longs;&longs;as in actu contemplemur. tùm enim cau&longs;&longs;æ verè &longs;unt: <lb/>atqui cau&longs;&longs;æ in actu cum re conferuntur quæ e&longs;&longs;e pote&longs;t & gignitur, nec dum exi&longs;tit. itaque ne­<lb/>ce&longs;&longs;ariò præ&longs;tant. Po&longs;teà longo &longs;ermone nob. o&longs;tendendum e&longs;t functiones e&longs;&longs;e ex ordine <expan abbr="formarũ">formarum</expan>, <lb/>& vt actus cum pote&longs;tate conferri. Quamobrem & ab hoc v&longs;que ad illa tempora &longs;uper&longs;edeamus. <lb/>&longs;atis hoc &longs;it, quòd &longs;i actus <expan abbr="&longs;ecũdus">&longs;ecundus</expan> e&longs;t perfectior; actio quoque in ip&longs;o <expan abbr="effici&etilde;te">efficiente</expan> inerit, vt perfectio. <pb pagenum="29"/> <arrow.to.target n="marg289"></arrow.to.target><lb/>Rur&longs;us cùm efficiens & finis bifariam &longs;e re&longs;piciant, & vt in optatis, atque vt imponitur ab effi­<lb/>ciente materiæ; & illo quidem modo monet finis; altero pendet ex efficiente, quæ con&longs;iderantur <lb/>ex his cau&longs;sis, quatenus mouent, alias excellunt, quare finis, dum mouet, e&longs;t nobilior, & effi­<lb/>ciens, dum parat finem, antecellit, Sic dum res fit, & mouens, quatenus mouet; &longs;emper e&longs;t eo; <lb/>quod fit, præ&longs;tantius, & eo quod mouetur ab ip&longs;o, &longs;iue fuerit pa&longs;sio quæ afferat interitum, &longs;eu <lb/>perficiens; quòd inter id, quod mouet, & quod mouetur, &longs;emper quatenus huiu&longs;modi &longs;unt, in­<lb/>tercedit ratio pote&longs;tatis & actus, ob id hoc principium generale redditur, quemadmodum etiam <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg290"></arrow.to.target><lb/>a&longs;&longs;umptum fuit aliquando ab Ari&longs;totele. <emph type="sup"/>a<emph.end type="sup"/> At verò etiam &longs;i cau&longs;&longs;a præferatur effectui, multis <arrow.to.target n="marg291"></arrow.to.target> ta­<lb/><lb/>men &longs;imilitudinum notis cau&longs;&longs;a & effectus inu&longs;ta &longs;unt. Vnde etiam &longs;olet extare effatum com­<lb/>mune philo&longs;ophis & medicis. Similem differentiam in cau&longs;&longs;a efficere &longs;imilem differentiam in <lb/>effectu. <emph type="sup"/>b<emph.end type="sup"/> Et verò multa &longs;unt quæ communiter vtri&longs;que in&longs;unt. Nam cau&longs;&longs;æ per &longs;e effectus per <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg292"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;e producunt, eæ quæ per accidens con&longs;imiliter con&longs;tituunt effectus per accidens. Sic cau&longs;sis <lb/>actu effecta actu re&longs;pondent, <emph type="sup"/>c<emph.end type="sup"/> & cum cau&longs;sis pote&longs;tate, congruunt effectus, qui e&longs;&longs;e po&longs;&longs;unt. <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg293"></arrow.to.target><lb/>Si cau&longs;&longs;æ item communes effectus communes exi&longs;tunt: quod &longs;i &longs;ingulares fuerint; effectus quo­<lb/>que &longs;ingulares erunt. Ita etiam perpetuorum cau&longs;&longs;as perpetuas e&longs;&longs;e credendum e&longs;t <emph type="sup"/>d<emph.end type="sup"/> & <expan abbr="&longs;en&longs;iliũ">&longs;en&longs;ilium</expan> <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg294"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;en&longs;iles, &longs;i cau&longs;&longs;as proximas accipiamus. Sed extat præcipuè &longs;imilitudo inter agentia vniuoca; <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg295"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;i vniuoca propriè &longs;umantur, &longs;iquidem illorum proprium &longs;it efficere perpetuò tale, qualia ip&longs;a: <lb/>exi&longs;tunt, vt &longs;iquid etiam &longs;it, quod ab alio fiat, vbi fiat per &longs;e & per verum motum, &longs;emper à &longs;i­<lb/>mili producatur. <emph type="sup"/>e<emph.end type="sup"/> Ita calidum à calido propagatur, & à quanto quantum, &longs;ub&longs;tantia <arrow.to.target n="marg296"></arrow.to.target> con&longs;imi­<lb/><lb/>liter à &longs;ub&longs;tantia: atque ita quidem, vt à &longs;pecie &longs;pecies, & genus à genere producatur. Nam fit <lb/>homo animal & viuens homo ab homine; animal ab animali, viuens à viuente generatur. & ab <lb/>eodem omnia hæc; quòd idem homo e&longs;t & animal & viuens. Ab alio verò cau&longs;&longs;arum genere, <lb/>quod e&longs;t non vniuocum ob cau&longs;&longs;æ præ&longs;tantiam &longs;imilis effectus gigni neutiquam pote&longs;t. Itaque <lb/>re&longs;tat &longs;olus materiæ <expan abbr="formæ&qacute;">formæque</expan>. con&longs;en&longs;us; &longs;iquidem tantum efficiat agens non vniuocum, quan­<lb/>tum materia &longs;u&longs;tinere valet: neque enim ex hac materia equum verbig. faceret, &longs;ed apem neque <lb/>ex eadem materia virum produceret. Itaque optimè dicitur, pro materiæ merito formas exhi­<lb/>beri; quandò lumen aliter in pellucido recipiatur atque in opaco, vel polito corpore: ita vt, <expan abbr="quã-uis">quan­<lb/>uis</expan> materia coërceatur à forma terminante eius infinitatem; materia quoque temperet & limi­<lb/>tet formæ conditiones & vires efficientis: & quod forma efficere melius; hæc contra reddat de­<lb/>terius. Noui equidem à philo&longs;ophis multos de rebus hi&longs;ce &longs;ermones haberi: c&ecedil;terùm quia non <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg297"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ad veritatem conuellendam, &longs;ed ad eorum explanationem afferuntur. atque ita retinentur, vt <lb/>tanquam vera defendantur <expan abbr="eorum&qacute;">eorumque</expan>. omnium in phy&longs;ica creberrimus v&longs;us e&longs;t, ea nos itidem <lb/>more hypothe&longs;eon paucis conficere voluimus. Ac de generalibus phy&longs;iologiæ principiis ha­<lb/>ctenus dixi&longs;&longs;e &longs;it &longs;atis.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg205"></margin.target>Ratio I.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg206"></margin.target>II.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg207"></margin.target>III.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg208"></margin.target>IIII.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg209"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg210"></margin.target>V.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg211"></margin.target>Ad I.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg212"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg213"></margin.target>Ad II.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg214"></margin.target>Ad III.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg215"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg216"></margin.target>a 2. Prior.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg217"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg218"></margin.target>Ad IIII.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg219"></margin.target>b 9. Met. <lb/>Tit. 17.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg220"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg221"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg222"></margin.target>III.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg223"></margin.target>I.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg224"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg225"></margin.target>II.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg226"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg227"></margin.target>a 1. Polit. <lb/>c. 5.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg228"></margin.target>b 1. de An. <lb/>Tit. 88. lib. <lb/>de <gap/>ep. c. 2. <lb/>2. de part. <lb/>an. c. 16. 17.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg229"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg230"></margin.target>a 2. De ge­<lb/>ner. Anim. <lb/>c. 4. <lb/>Nota hic <lb/>no&longs;tram in­<lb/>terpr&ecedil;ta­<lb/>tionem.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg231"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg232"></margin.target>b 1. Polit. <lb/>cap. 2.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg233"></margin.target>c 1. Polit. <lb/>cap. 1.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg234"></margin.target>d 4. de par. <lb/>an. cap. 6.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg235"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg236"></margin.target>e 2. Rhet.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg237"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg238"></margin.target>T. 43.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg239"></margin.target>III.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg240"></margin.target>f 5. De ge. <lb/>an. cap. vl. <lb/>3 De An. <lb/>T. 45.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg241"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg242"></margin.target>IV.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg243"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg244"></margin.target>a Theoph. <lb/>1. de cau&longs;&longs;. <lb/>plan. c. 19.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg245"></margin.target>b Auer. 2. <lb/>Phy&longs;. T. 77</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg246"></margin.target>V.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg247"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg248"></margin.target>c <expan abbr="q.">que</expan> Mac.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg249"></margin.target>d 1. Pol. <lb/>c. 5.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg250"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg251"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg252"></margin.target>VI.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg253"></margin.target>a 2. de c&ecedil;­<lb/>lo T. 59.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg254"></margin.target>b Præd.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg255"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg256"></margin.target>c 7. Met. <lb/>T. 31.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg257"></margin.target>d 2. de <expan abbr="t&etilde;p">temp</expan>.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg258"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg259"></margin.target>VII.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg260"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg261"></margin.target>e c. de &longs;ub.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg262"></margin.target>f 5. Phy&longs;. <lb/>T. 2<gap/>.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg263"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg264"></margin.target>VIII.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg265"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg266"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg267"></margin.target>a Hippoe. <lb/>Gal. 5. de <lb/>vi&longs;u part. <lb/>c. 4.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg268"></margin.target>b 8. Phy&longs;. <lb/>T. 15. 63. <lb/>3. de c&ecedil;l. <lb/>T. 24.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg269"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg270"></margin.target>IX.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg271"></margin.target>c 1. de Ge. <lb/>an. c. 1.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg272"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg273"></margin.target>a Lib. de <lb/><gap/> 2. <lb/><gap/>o. de ince­<lb/>&longs;tu anim. <lb/>c. 2. 10. <lb/>2. de part. <lb/>an. c. 14. <lb/>Gal. 4. de <lb/>v&longs;u part. <lb/>c. 17. <lb/>4. de part. <lb/>an. c. 9. <lb/>1. de Gen. <lb/>an. c. 4. <lb/>2 de Gen. <lb/>an. c. 4. <lb/>10. Met. <lb/>T. vlt. <lb/>8. Phy&longs;. <lb/>T. 56.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg274"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg275"></margin.target>b 4. de par. <lb/>an. c. 10.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg276"></margin.target>c 7. Polit. <lb/>c. 4.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg277"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg278"></margin.target>d 2. De c&ecedil;­<lb/>lo T. 34.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg279"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg280"></margin.target>a 1. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg281"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg282"></margin.target>b 1. De na.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg283"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg284"></margin.target>IIII.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg285"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg286"></margin.target>c 12. Met. <lb/>T. 40.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg287"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg288"></margin.target>d 3. De An. <lb/>T. 19.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg289"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg290"></margin.target>V.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg291"></margin.target>a 3. de An.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg292"></margin.target>b Gal. lib. <lb/>de <expan abbr="d&rtilde;">drm</expan> pul.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg293"></margin.target>c 2. Phy&longs;.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg294"></margin.target>d 3. De c&ecedil;­<lb/>lo T. 61.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg295"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg296"></margin.target>e Probl.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg297"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Specialia phy&longs;iologi&ecedil; principia ponuntur; & aliqua admonitione per&longs;uadentur. Cap. IIII<emph.end type="italics"/>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>MOX ad propria veniamus, & non longè ab in&longs;tituto &longs;ermone di&longs;cedentes cau&longs;&longs;arum. <lb/><expan abbr="quo&qacute;ue">quoque</expan> naturam &longs;pecialius exploremus. Proximum igitur iis quæ diximus, e&longs;t vt con­<lb/>uenientiam pote&longs;tatis & actus exponamus: & hæc po&longs;ita e&longs;t in multis quorum momentum in <lb/>omni philo&longs;ophia maximum e&longs;t. Neque verò dubium e&longs;&longs;e pote&longs;t pote&longs;tatem hi&longs;ce primis di­<lb/>&longs;tingui differentiis remoto nimirum & proximo, quis enim aquam dicat e&longs;&longs;e po&longs;&longs;e phialam, ni&longs;i <lb/>concedat adhuc nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;&longs;e multas interuenire mutationes, vt phiala fieri queat? nam prius in <lb/>vitrum cogatur oportet, <expan abbr="idem&qacute;">idemque</expan>. lique&longs;cat, mox efficiatur phiala. At idem non inficiabitur <expan abbr="vitrũ">vitrum</expan> <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg298"></arrow.to.target><lb/>liquefactum in phialam &longs;ine vllius mutationis interuentu mutari. & tum verè aliquid po&longs;&longs;e fieri <lb/>intelliget, cum nihil aliud flagitari videat ad id, vt phiala fiat. tùm verò illa erit pote&longs;tas proxi­<lb/>ma & vltima qua po&longs;ita res exi&longs;tit è ve&longs;tigio. <emph type="sup"/>f<emph.end type="sup"/> C&ecedil;terùm in actu quoque gradus i&longs;ti quodam <arrow.to.target n="marg299"></arrow.to.target> mo­<lb/><lb/>do ob&longs;eruari po&longs;&longs;unt. vltimus enim atque perfectus cum vltima pote&longs;tate cohæret, quicquid <lb/>antecedit, actus ille e&longs;t imperfectus, qui cum motu coniunctus e&longs;t, aliquid ab&longs;oluti præ&longs;eferens <lb/>in accidentibus in &longs;ub&longs;tantia formæ nihil attingens, quia &longs;it pror&longs;us indiuidua. Quapropter <lb/>etiam &longs;ic erit actus proximus, &longs;iue extremus atque remotus. Dicimus item è pote&longs;tatibus per­<lb/>fectas e&longs;&longs;e nonnullas, alias imperfectas: ita quoque actus perfectos & imperfectos numerari con­<lb/>&longs;ue&longs;&longs;e: imperfectos autem illos vocari qui &longs;unt cum aliquo motu coniuncti, vt diuidi in conti­<lb/>nuo, quod nunquam eò peruenit, vt diui&longs;um &longs;it. quòd homo qui gignebatur, genitus &longs;it; ille <lb/>e&longs;t actus perfectus. Atqui &longs;ecum congruunt differentiæ pote&longs;tatis & actus. Nam cùm pote&longs;tas <lb/>actum re&longs;piciat generatim; remota cum remoto actu coniuncta erit; proxima & extrema cum <lb/>actu proximo & extremo. Tum etiam pote&longs;tas imperfecta &longs;p&ecedil;ctabit actum imperfectum, per­<lb/>fecta verò perfectum. Ex quo item tanta exi&longs;tit inter vtraque naturæ cognatio, vt quicquid pa­<lb/>tiendo potentia valet, tantundem actus pr&ecedil;&longs;tare po&longs;sit; <emph type="sup"/>g<emph.end type="sup"/> c&ecedil;teroqui fru&longs;tra e&longs;&longs;et aliquid in natura, <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg300"></arrow.to.target> <pb pagenum="30"/>quod ip&longs;i maximè repugnat, vt dictum e&longs;t. Quamquam nos hanc propo&longs;itionem de facto <arrow.to.target n="marg301"></arrow.to.target> con­<lb/><lb/>cedimus (vt fertur) non de habilitate, & pote&longs;tatem communiter accipimus, non pro habitudi­<lb/>ne natiua non ignari multa contingere formæ, cau&longs;&longs;a materiæ, quæ naturam ip&longs;ius oppugnent. <lb/>tantum abe&longs;t vt ad illa &longs;it propen&longs;a. Ex eodem quoque fonte deriuatur illud. quippe cùm po­<lb/>te&longs;tas cum actu conueniat in eo quòd pari gradu a remotis v&longs;que ad proxima procedant. Actus <lb/>effici in patiente bene affecto. <emph type="sup"/>a<emph.end type="sup"/> Nam quòminus affectum fuerit patiens, eò magis ab actu <arrow.to.target n="marg302"></arrow.to.target> di&longs;ta­<lb/><lb/>bit; quo plures &longs;ubierit mutationes, <expan abbr="pauciores&qacute;">paucioresque</expan>. relinquantur; eo propior erit actus ille perfe­<lb/>ctus; vbi nulla amplius mutatio relinquatur, iam aderit actus omnibus &longs;uis numeris & partibus <lb/>ab&longs;olutis. Sic ergo conueriunt pote&longs;tas & actus. Eiu&longs;dem quoque notæ e&longs;t. Si vna cau&longs;&longs;a fue­<lb/>rit, vnum item futurum effectum; quodidem valet, ac &longs;i dixerimus, ab vno non ni&longs;i vnum pro­<lb/>fici&longs;ci. Hoc quidem vt pronuntiatum accipitur ab Ari&longs;totele: tamet&longs;i propter varias opiniones <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg303"></arrow.to.target><lb/>philo&longs;ophorum abiit in theorema. Veruntamen nos hic rem totam certis legibus ad&longs;tringemus <lb/>quæ facile concedentur; alibi, &longs;iquando opportunum fuerit, cum aliis di&longs;&longs;erturi. Ac primum <lb/>quidem credimus hoc effatum omne cau&longs;&longs;arum genus complecti: neque de fine & efficiente du­<lb/>bium e&longs;t apud c&ecedil;teros etiam, modò conditiones adhibeantur quæ &longs;uis locis exponentur: neque <lb/>minus de forma dubitandum e&longs;t, quandò res vna maximè e&longs;t propter formam <expan abbr="eadem&qacute;">eademque</expan>. cum fi­<lb/>ne & efficiente con&longs;entit. credo item eandem e&longs;&longs;e rationem materiæ, quamuis ab ea multitudo <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg304"></arrow.to.target><lb/>na&longs;catur: etenim et&longs;i multitudinem facit, &longs;i naturæ &longs;uæ dimittatur: attamen in&longs;tinctu meliore <expan abbr="cõ-citata">con­<lb/>citata</expan> in vnum, quoad pote&longs;t, contendit, nempè in formam. Nunc doceamus, vt in omnibus <lb/>cau&longs;sis id defendi valeat. Ac primum accipientes cau&longs;&longs;as naturales voluntate dimi&longs;&longs;a quam ex <lb/>æquo oppo&longs;ita re&longs;picere confitemur, eas per &longs;e &longs;pectemus, vt non operantur ex accidente vt pro­<lb/>ximè, vt præcipuè, non vt in&longs;trumenta; &longs;iquidem &longs;axum à natura feratur in &longs;uum locum, <expan abbr="idem&qacute;">idemque</expan>. <lb/>cadendo viatorem feriat; &longs;ed cadit quidem, vt cùm in &longs;uum locum peruenerit, ibi quie&longs;cat; via­<lb/>torem lædit per accidens. & frigus hyeme cogendo calorem, per calorem calorem facit. ac pin­<lb/>nas ad volatum dedit aui natura; &longs;ed illis abutitur ad corpus contegendum. Calor per &longs;e proxi­<lb/>mè & principaliter calorem producit; <expan abbr="idem&qacute;">idemque</expan>. calorem gignit pro virium &longs;uarum ratione: pro­<lb/>pterea quòd teporem efficiat, vel quòd impediatur, vel vt via &longs;it in calorem. Prætereà na&longs;citur <lb/>vnum, quod poti&longs;simum &longs;it ab vna cau&longs;&longs;a; multa verò, quæ illi quodammodo &longs;eruiant. ob <expan abbr="eam&qacute;">eamque</expan>. <lb/>rem, quia vis formatrix habet quidem varias pote&longs;tates, & multa &longs;ibi &longs;truit quibus vtatur; vnum <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg305"></arrow.to.target><lb/>tamen e&longs;t quo peruenire &longs;tudet, in planta &longs;anè, vt vitam largiatur in equo, vt vim &longs;entiendi pro­<lb/>ducat, & propter illud vnum, quod a&longs;&longs;equi conatur, c&ecedil;tera molitur vt vni illi &longs;eruientia & ad <lb/>ip&longs;um in&longs;tituta. Atque ita vnum e&longs;t quod vult, vt non plura, quæ &longs;it ordinis eiu&longs;dem ab eadem <lb/>cau&longs;&longs;a profici&longs;ci queant, quomodo etiam &longs;upradictum e&longs;t de materia quæ, &longs;i re&longs;picit oppo&longs;ita, at <lb/>ex illis vnum e&longs;t præcipuum, alterum per accidens, & propter illud. Vnum quoque ab vno in <lb/>eodem genere cau&longs;&longs;æ: nihil enim vetat idem à pluribus de&longs;cendere cau&longs;sis diuer&longs;i generis. Vnum <lb/>quoque ab vno e&longs;t per &longs;e, ni&longs;i ob&longs;tet impedimentum, aut repugnantia materiæ. Nam &longs;ic &longs;æpe <lb/>fit, vt ab eodem habitu vna actio na&longs;catur; &longs;ed ab impedimento & contrario interpelletur. Re­<lb/>quiritur etiam vt cau&longs;&longs;æ &longs;ub eadem habitudine ponantur. Nam præ&longs;entia formæ producit, ab­<lb/>&longs;entia affert interitum; & nauta vigilans e&longs;t autor &longs;alutis, dormiens verò pernicij cau&longs;&longs;a e&longs;t: ac <lb/>Sol accedens calorem facit, frigus verò dum recedit. Cùm verò cau&longs;&longs;æ &longs;ic &longs;e habeant, vt aut <lb/><foreign lang="greek">sunai/tia</foreign>, ide&longs;t cau&longs;&longs;as adiuuantes po&longs;tulent, aut aliqua pendeant ex ip&longs;is; vnum quoque &longs;em­<lb/>per &longs;ingulæ per &longs;e conficiunt: &longs;iqua varietas exoritur, reliquis erit ad&longs;cribenda. Sic Sol vnum <lb/>calorem producit, eodem tamen aquea liquat & fundit, terrea cogit, ita etiam calor &longs;eu natiuus, <lb/>&longs;iue etiam auctus, cùm pro virium &longs;uarum ratione &longs;ummum producere queat; nonnunquàm, <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg306"></arrow.to.target><lb/>vtile efficit, noxium aliàs, quòd pro ratione &longs;uæ naturæ agens præ&longs;tat id, quod &longs;i ad alterum re­<lb/>feratur; non bene ad ip&longs;um &longs;e habet, vt cum coquendo pituitam gignit &longs;anguinem, &longs;i &longs;anguinem <lb/>coquat, efficit bilem flauam, aut atram, agit hîc quidem &longs;ecundum naturam, &longs;ed propter cau&longs;­<lb/>&longs;as adiuuantes alterum facit quod &longs;ecundum naturam non e&longs;t, nec quidem &longs;uam, &longs;ed illius, ad <lb/>quod in&longs;tiruitur. Eodem modo, cùm Deus vnus omnino &longs;it, variis rebus, diuer&longs;is modis imper­<lb/>tit e&longs;&longs;e. Non igitur ab eo na&longs;citur vlla varietas, aut multiplicitas; &longs;ed à participantibus vniuer&longs;a <lb/>profici&longs;citur. Itaque non acciperem illam <expan abbr="condition&etilde;">conditionem</expan> quam à nonnullis imponi intelligo, Deum <lb/>(vt Ari&longs;toteli placere puto) vnum quidem e&longs;&longs;e propter e&longs;&longs;entiam, multiplici verò facultare pol­<lb/>lere; <expan abbr="ideo&qacute;">ideoque</expan>. ab eo deriuari complura: &longs;ed quia c&ecedil;tera quæ pendent ex illo, non æqualiter idem <lb/>bonum accipiunt; hinc varia munera illius extare, quanuis &longs;it &longs;impliciter vnus. Atque harum <lb/>legum impo&longs;itio nobis id efficiet, quod dici &longs;olet. Ab vno vt <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> e&longs;t, non ni&longs;i vnum po&longs;&longs;e deduci.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg298"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg299"></margin.target>f 9. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg300"></margin.target>g Auer. 1. <lb/>De celo.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg301"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg302"></margin.target>a 2. De An. <lb/>T. 24. 26.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg303"></margin.target>II.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg304"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg305"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg306"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Si igitur ab vno, quà vnum e&longs;t duntaxat, vnum deriuatur; planum e&longs;t quòd &longs;i contrariorum <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg307"></arrow.to.target><lb/>cau&longs;&longs;a vnica e&longs;t, de quocunque genere accipiatur (vna enim materia contrariorum e&longs;t, <expan abbr="vnum&qacute;">vnumque</expan>. <lb/>efficiens) eam e&longs;&longs;e remotam. proximas igitur contrariorum cau&longs;&longs;as dicemus e&longs;&longs;e contrarias, at­<lb/>que ita di&longs;iunctas, vt nullo vnquam tempore con&longs;i&longs;tere queant; &longs;ed altera &longs;emper alteri <expan abbr="pernici&etilde;">perniciem</expan> <pb pagenum="31"/> <arrow.to.target n="marg308"></arrow.to.target><lb/>feret; & cùm &longs;ub eodem genere maximo interuallo di&longs;tent, <emph type="sup"/>a<emph.end type="sup"/> maximum verò vnum &longs;it; ita fit, <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg309"></arrow.to.target><lb/>vt nihil &longs;ibi contrarium e&longs;&longs;e valeat, & contrarium vni &longs;olum e&longs;&longs;e queat: etenim ni&longs;i vnum foret, <lb/>id quod ponitur maximum, aliquid &longs;eip&longs;o maius haberet. aut igitur hoc vnum maximum fo­<lb/>ret, & ita contrarium e&longs;&longs;et. nanque maximum e&longs;&longs;e interuallum inter ea quæ &longs;unt generis <expan abbr="eiu&longs;d&etilde;">eiu&longs;dem</expan>, <lb/>& quæ finiunt illud contraria vocari, non e&longs;t dubitandum. &longs;i minus ita infinitum, neque maxi­<lb/>mum, neque ab&longs;olutum. nec contrarium igitur: in illo enim finis quidam nece&longs;&longs;ariò concipitur. <lb/>Ex his paret actum & pote&longs;tatem non e&longs;&longs;e contraria, neque motum & terminum ad quem ten­<lb/>dit. nam pote&longs;tas in actum dirigitur, ita vt ex illis vnum per &longs;e fiat; & motus tantum abe&longs;t vt à <lb/>termino corrumpatur, vt perficiatur maximè ab ip&longs;o. ac &longs;iquid ine&longs;t inter ip&longs;a oppo&longs;iti; id a&longs;cri­<lb/>bendum e&longs;t priuationi cum qua e&longs;t coniuncta pote&longs;tas, quæ &longs;anè forma præ&longs;ente corrumpitur. <lb/>Ab his quæ ponuntur extrema illius &longs;patij quod finitur contrariis, alia quoque contraria na&longs;cun­<lb/>tur, at non perfectè neque &longs;impliciter contraria; &longs;ed quodammodo, & qua&longs;i media; verùm hæc <lb/>plura e&longs;&longs;e non e&longs;t ab&longs;urdum. Atqui perfectè ac &longs;impliciter vnum vni contrarium e&longs;t. Nec qui&longs;­<lb/>quam medium opponat duobus extremis; neque enim illa e&longs;t oppo&longs;itio contrariorum de qua <lb/>nunc agimus; &longs;ed po&longs;ita e&longs;t in priuatione, in qua etiam æquale & inæquale con&longs;i&longs;tunt. Nam ne­<lb/>que etiam hæc contraria &longs;unt, <emph type="sup"/>b<emph.end type="sup"/> &longs;ed con&longs;imili ratione priuationem præ&longs;eferunt. ne fortè <arrow.to.target n="marg310"></arrow.to.target> &longs;u&longs;pice­<lb/><lb/>ris medium & extrema, vt vnum vni opponi, tanquam contraria. Hæc nos affirmatione &longs;igni­<lb/>ficari volumus. itaque nudum, quòd affirmatione &longs;ignificatur, licet &longs;it priuans; ab Ari&longs;totele <expan abbr="cõ-trarium">con­<lb/>trarium</expan> ponitur: & cùm in eodem genere &longs;int, genus autem à materia ducitur in qua pote&longs;tas <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg311"></arrow.to.target><lb/>exi&longs;tit ad contraria, viam ad &longs;e vici&longs;sim habent. Itaque illa quæ in genere conueniunt, &longs;ecum <lb/>commutantur: quæ toto genere &longs;eparantur, vt in materia di&longs;crepant; &longs;ic quoque nullam ad &longs;e&longs;e <lb/>pote&longs;tatem obtinuetunt, nec commutantur igitur. Proptereà neque quantum in quale muta­<lb/>tur, cùm genera diuer&longs;a &longs;int. nec quale omne tran&longs;it in alterum; &longs;icuti &longs;apor in odorem, cùm &longs;int <lb/>genera diuer&longs;a. <expan abbr="&longs;ola&qacute;">&longs;olaque</expan>. illa &longs;ecum commutantur quæ in genere proximo, hoc e&longs;t, in materia pro­<lb/>xima conuenere. Proinde ita &longs;e habent contraria, vt vnum actu &longs;ingula &longs;int, &longs;ed pote&longs;tate alte­<lb/>rum. e&longs;t enim actu calidum, in potentia <expan abbr="frigidũ">frigidum</expan>. Atque ita ex hi&longs;ce principiis con&longs;titui contraria <lb/>puto, vt ni&longs;i mihi aliter dicens Ari&longs;toteles obiiciatur; aut opponatur certa demon&longs;tratio; procon­<lb/>&longs;tanti&longs;simo habeam, &longs;i tres i&longs;tæ conditiones ad hibeantur; illa nece&longs;&longs;ariò fore contraria. maximè <lb/>&longs;ub eodem genere di&longs;tare; affirmatione notari; & ad &longs;e&longs;e mutuam pote&longs;tatem habere. <emph type="sup"/>c<emph.end type="sup"/> Proinde <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg312"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;ecum certant; & &longs;ibiinuicem machinantur interitum. reliqua &longs;anè, vt (vnis relatiuis exceptis: <lb/>ip&longs;a enim &longs;ola &longs;e &longs;u&longs;tinent vici&longs;sim & <foreign lang="greek">a)ntezeidusin</foreign>) non con&longs;i&longs;tunt: attamen non oppugnant. <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg313"></arrow.to.target><lb/>Hæc verò vel per &longs;e &longs;unt, vel per accidens, & quidem &longs;pecie diuer&longs;a contraria &longs;unt, &longs;i per &longs;e con­<lb/>traria &longs;int, vt album & nigrum in genere colorum, & in genere &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ, &longs;i per &longs;e in &longs;int in &longs;ub­<lb/>&longs;tantia, &longs;i minus: etiam eadem &longs;pecie e&longs;&longs;e po&longs;&longs;unt, vt iidem contrarij colores in homine. Quare, <lb/>cùm per &longs;e, mortale & immortale &longs;int in &longs;ub&longs;tantia, in eadem &longs;pecie con&longs;i&longs;tere nequeunt. per &longs;e <lb/>verò &longs;unt, quia nece&longs;&longs;ariò in&longs;unt: nam quod mortale e&longs;t, caducum &longs;it nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t; immortale verò <lb/>perpetuò con&longs;eruatur. Quòd autem &longs;int contraria per&longs;picuum e&longs;t; quoniam immortale e&longs;t pri­<lb/>uatio, ea verò e&longs;t impotentia definita, & cum aliquo actu coniuncta, vnde &longs;ignificatur affirmatio­<lb/>ne; <expan abbr="eadem&qacute;">eademque</expan>. in eodem genere maximo interuallo ab oppo&longs;ita forma &longs;egregatur. Nam quòd <lb/>plus quàm genere &longs;egregentur, aut etiam genere, non dum &longs;icuti manife&longs;tum &longs;umimus. Illud <lb/>&longs;olum ex Ari&longs;totele &longs;uccurrit quod a&longs;&longs;erere liceat, quæ genere di&longs;crepant, apparêre quidem con­<lb/>traria, veruntamen eo quòd &longs;ecum conferri nequeant & longi&longs;simè di&longs;tent, neque inter ea maxi­<lb/>ma po&longs;sit a&longs;signari di&longs;tantia quæ requiritur in contrariis, non e&longs;&longs;e contraria &longs;impliciter; ad extre­<lb/>mum videtur inferre mortale & immortale genere &longs;eparari; ac nos &longs;i genus &longs;ubalternum intel­<lb/>ligere velimus, quod &longs;ub eandem &longs;eriem cadat, non repugnabimus. &longs;i prædicamentum <expan abbr="&longs;eriem&qacute;">&longs;eriemque</expan>. <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg314"></arrow.to.target><lb/>variam &longs;umimus, ex Ari&longs;totelis ip&longs;ius verbis colligi po&longs;&longs;e negamus. ac &longs;pecie &longs;olum ab Ari&longs;tote­<lb/>le inter &longs;e di&longs;tingui fatemur: ita enim rationem &longs;uam complectitur. Contraria &longs;pecie differunt. <lb/>Mortale & immortale contraria &longs;unt. A&longs;&longs;umptionem verò probat. Siquidem priuatio &longs;it quæ­<lb/>dam impotentia definita. Quid ergo aliud ex his inferri pote&longs;t, quàm quòd mortale & immor­<lb/>tale &longs;pecie di&longs;iungantur? itaque pro eo, qd habet <expan abbr="cõtextus">contextus</expan> Ari&longs;totelicus. <emph type="sup"/>d<emph.end type="sup"/> genere diuer&longs;a &longs;pecie <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg315"></arrow.to.target><lb/>legendum puto. Hæc verò omnia iubeo te diligenter ob&longs;eruare: ni&longs;i enim aduertas; oratio per­<lb/>plexa qua v&longs;us e&longs;t Ari&longs;toteles; negotium tibi exhibere po&longs;&longs;et. præ&longs;ertim quòd Græci interpretis <lb/>auxilio de&longs;tituti &longs;umus in eo loco. Quamquam neque ip&longs;e animaduertit, vbi Ari&longs;toteles docuit <lb/>genere differentia in contrariis numerari, quòd eorum maxima differentia foret, hæc e&longs;&longs;e referen­<lb/>da ad ea, quæ paullò ante dixerat videri, Ari&longs;toteles; <expan abbr="ideo&qacute;">ideoque</expan>. in illum errorem inductus e&longs;t, quòd <lb/>maximè di&longs;tarent ea quæ genere differunt: neque vidit eam di&longs;tantiam ab Ari&longs;totele, velut infi­<lb/>nitam poni, vnde contrariorum ratio tollitur. nec enim via pote&longs;t intercedere inter genere toto <lb/>differentia quæ &longs;ola re&longs;tat inter ea quæ genere conueniunt. Et verò cur magis di&longs;tet quantum à <lb/>&longs;ub&longs;tantia quàm di&longs;tet qualitas, aut vllum aliud ex reliquis prædicamentis? Cùm verò po&longs;teà <pb pagenum="32"/>doceret Ari&longs;toteles o&longs;ten&longs;um e&longs;&longs;e extra genus non e&longs;&longs;e differentias, neque ip&longs;e verba Ari&longs;totelis <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg316"></arrow.to.target><lb/>accepi&longs;&longs;et in eum &longs;en&longs;um, quòd di&longs;tantia foret infinita, idem quoque repugnantiam maximam <lb/>inter Ari&longs;totelis dicta inculcare coactus e&longs;t, putans, quod ibi inferretur aduer&longs;um ea quæ &longs;uprà <lb/>con&longs;tituta fuerant; pertinere ad illa quæ &longs;ubalterna &longs;unt, cùm c&ecedil;teroqui &longs;uperiora generali&longs;simis <lb/>accommodarentur. id verò vniuer&longs;am Ari&longs;totelis &longs;ententiam peruertebat. quandò ea quæ diffe­<lb/>runt; aliquo differunt: generali&longs;sima nullo differunt, &longs;ed diuer&longs;a &longs;unt, hoc e&longs;t &longs;eip&longs;is di&longs;tinguun­<lb/>tur, <expan abbr="ideo&qacute;">ideoque</expan>. ex ip&longs;is dialectici fabricant propo&longs;itiones medio vacantes; <emph type="sup"/>a<emph.end type="sup"/> ea quæ &longs;ub ip&longs;is exi&longs;tunt, <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg317"></arrow.to.target><lb/>per illa &longs;eparantur; itaque magis propriè differunt; huic verò oppo&longs;itum autore Alexandro pro­<lb/>nuntia&longs;&longs;et Ari&longs;toteles. Potuit verò eos fallere dictum illud Ari&longs;totelis in extremo X. qui cùm <lb/>eos confuta&longs;&longs;et qui ponerent ideas æternas, & quæ eiu&longs;dem rationis e&longs;&longs;ent cum &longs;ingularibus “<foreign lang="greek">ta\ <lb/>tina\</foreign> ip&longs;e ibi vocat. illud adiungit <foreign lang="greek">ta)de/<gap/>ge/nei. e(tezaplei_on dis/fhxen, h)/ta\ei_dei/</foreign>.” ide&longs;t ea ver&ograve<gap/><lb/>quæ genere diuer&longs;a &longs;unt; magis di&longs;tant, quàm ea quæ &longs;pecie. qua&longs;i antea perora&longs;&longs;et æternum à <lb/>caduco genere di&longs;crepare. Verùm neque hæc cum proximè dictis cohæreant nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t, neque <lb/>ex ante con&longs;titutis nece&longs;&longs;ariò colliguntur. &longs;ed videntur potius &longs;epararim fui&longs;&longs;e allata: nam cùm <lb/>de di&longs;tantia contrariorum & eorum quæ &longs;pecie &longs;egregantur, &longs;atis <expan abbr="&longs;uper&qacute;">&longs;uperque</expan>. di&longs;putatum foret; ea <lb/>&longs;ubiungenda quæ ad genera diuer&longs;a pertinerent, vt ab&longs;olueretur di&longs;putatio de oppo&longs;itis; itaque <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg318"></arrow.to.target><lb/>docuit ea plus quàm &longs;pecie differentia di&longs;tare. Nam quæ &longs;pecie differunt, habent in quo conue­<lb/>niant, nempe genus; non &longs;ic; quæ genere &longs;eparantur. Ergo illa &longs;ub eodem genere &longs;ummiam obti­<lb/>nuere di&longs;tantiam, hæc infinito quodam interuallo &longs;eiunguntur. Quamquam mirum videri po­<lb/>te&longs;t, &longs;i di&longs;tant multò magis ea qu&ecedil; genere &longs;egregantur quàm ea quæ &longs;pecie; quæ &longs;pecie di&longs;tinguun­<lb/>tur, in eodem &longs;ubiecto non con&longs;i&longs;tere; quæ verò genere &longs;eiugantur, etiam complura e&longs;&longs;e in <expan abbr="eod&etilde;">eodem</expan> <lb/>indiuiduo: in eodem enim Socrate e&longs;t & &longs;ub&longs;tantia, & quantum, & quale, & omnia prædicamen­<lb/>ta. nec tamen idem albus & niger, aut ratione vtens, aut carens. An ita dicemus hæc magis e&longs;&longs;en­<lb/>tia, & natura di&longs;tingui quàm ea quæ &longs;unt contraria generis eiu&longs;dem, nullam enim e&longs;&longs;enti&ecedil; partem <lb/>habent in qua conueniant: at &longs;ubiecto & materia quæ non e&longs;t e&longs;&longs;entiæ pars, propter eius habili­<lb/>tatem ad omnes formas di&longs;tant minus; contraria propter in&longs;itam priuationem alterius quæ ine&longs;t <lb/>in altero, non modo e&longs;&longs;entia &longs;ecernuntur, &longs;ed etiam &longs;ubiecto: repugnant enim, & &longs;e&longs;e ex eodem <lb/>&longs;ubiecto pellunt vici&longs;sim; illa e&longs;&longs;entia &longs;anè di&longs;crepant; &longs;ed non continentia priuationem, ni&longs;i for­<lb/>maliter ea differre dicamus, quòd vnum non &longs;it id quod e&longs;t alterum; nullam repugnantiam pr&ecedil;­<lb/>&longs;eferunt: &longs;ic & &longs;ub&longs;tantia & quantum &longs;imul e&longs;&longs;e pote&longs;t; licet tota e&longs;&longs;entia &longs;ub&longs;tantia &longs;eparetur à <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg319"></arrow.to.target><lb/>quantitate. Ergo æternum & caducum &longs;pecie &longs;ola di&longs;tinguitur, non etiam genere. Quamobrem <lb/>et&longs;i Auerroës ea plus quàm genere di&longs;tare con&longs;tituit; aut extremis illis X. verbis cum aliis e&longs;t de­<lb/>ceptus, aut aliò ab interpretibus eius verba torquentur, atque ip&longs;e velit. <emph type="sup"/>b<emph.end type="sup"/> inquit enim plus quàm <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg320"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;pecie; ergo etiam plus quàm genere. quis id dabit? & videtur illud volui&longs;&longs;e tantum quod diffe­<lb/>rant plus quàm &longs;pecie &longs;peciali&longs;sima; nanque æternum & caducum de multis &longs;pecie differentibus <lb/>prædicantur &longs;ignum e&longs;to, quòd addit e&longs;&longs;e contraria, quæ &longs;ub eodem genere collocantur. Venit <lb/>& id mihi in mentem in locum Ari&longs;totelis irrep&longs;i&longs;&longs;e quandam mendulam, & pro eo quod legitur <lb/><foreign lang="greek">ta\ ei)/dei/</foreign>, legendum e&longs;&longs;e <foreign lang="greek">ta\ei)/dh</foreign>, ide&longs;t, ideas, & hunc e&longs;&longs;e illorum verborum &longs;en&longs;um, quod vel idea <lb/>e&longs;t eiu&longs;dem &longs;peciei cum indiuiduis, vel ad &longs;ummam &longs;pecie &longs;peciali&longs;sima &longs;egregatur. &longs;ed æternum <lb/>& caducum genere (&longs;ubalterno) di&longs;crepant; hæc verò maior e&longs;t di&longs;crepantia quàm &longs;pecierum <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg321"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;peciali&longs;simarum: ergo non differunt ide&ecedil; ab indiuiduis vt immortale à caduco. Ex mixtura <lb/>contrariorum fit plus & minus. id autem &longs;ic accipiendum e&longs;t, vt faciant contraria circum idem <lb/>&longs;ubiectum, & vt eadem &longs;pecies con&longs;eruetur, vt in accidentibus v&longs;uuenire &longs;olet: nanque &longs;ub&longs;tan­<lb/>tiæ &longs;ic &longs;e habent, vt quoque minimo dempto, vel addito &longs;pecies, non &longs;ecus ac numeri dempta, <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg322"></arrow.to.target><lb/>vel addita vnitate mutentur. Inde natum e&longs;t tritum illud pronuntiatum in accidentibus plus & <lb/>minus &longs;peciem non immutare, quod tamen ab Ari&longs;totele negatum e&longs;t <emph type="sup"/>c<emph.end type="sup"/> (eum verò &longs;ecutus e&longs;t <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg323"></arrow.to.target><lb/>Theophra&longs;tus, à quo Simplicius) in animi affectionibus quæ in quadam mediocritate collocan­<lb/>tur, ex hac &longs;i exce&longs;&longs;erint, in vitia conuertuntur. Atque etiam plus & minus ad &longs;ub&longs;tantias per­<lb/>tinere pote&longs;t & ad alia complura &longs;ine participatione contrarij; nanque indiuidua &longs;ub&longs;tantia ma­<lb/>gis e&longs;t, quàm &longs;ecunda, &longs;imiliter accidens quiddam minus e&longs;t quàm &longs;ub&longs;tantia; verum id à Gr&ecedil;cis <lb/><foreign lang="greek">kaq) u(fesi_n th_s fu/sews</foreign>, ide&longs;t, &longs;ecundum naturæ humilitatem appellatum e&longs;t; vbi quoque <lb/>res &longs;uis quidem partibus ab&longs;oluta e&longs;t, &longs;ed deficit tanti&longs;per à &longs;ummo; nec latitudinem complet <lb/>eius quod e&longs;t &longs;impliciter in eo genere: nam quantum perfectum e&longs;t; neque ideo pollet ea perfe­<lb/>ctione quam agno&longs;cimus in &longs;ub&longs;tantia, eiu&longs;modi tamen, quæ &longs;ibi conueniat. Sed po&longs;tea quibus <lb/>& quomodo &longs;ingula aptentur. Hoc item ab Ari&longs;totele &longs;emel atque iterum acceptum e&longs;t. <emph type="sup"/>d<emph.end type="sup"/> Si <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg324"></arrow.to.target><lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg325"></arrow.to.target><lb/>quod ex duobus &longs;it conflatum; vbi alterum exi&longs;tere &longs;eor&longs;um queat; alterum quoque &longs;eparari <lb/>po&longs;&longs;e. vt, &longs;i hydromeli ex aqua & melle componitur, ac mel ab&longs;olutum ab aqua exi&longs;tit, nece&longs;&longs;e <lb/>item e&longs;t aqua &longs;eparetur à melle. At verò, &longs;i &longs;ententiam hanc ita generaliter accipiamus, <emph type="sup"/>e<emph.end type="sup"/> vereor, <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg326"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ne veritas illius minuatur: quippe quòd, tamet&longs;i &longs;ub&longs;tantia &longs;eparatur ab accidente, non idcirco <pb pagenum="33"/> <arrow.to.target n="marg327"></arrow.to.target><lb/>accidens à &longs;ub&longs;tantia &longs;eparatur. Præterea ne tollatur eius v&longs;us. Nam &longs;i vtrunque &longs;eparatum e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>velint, id pro comperto accipiunt quod inquirimus: ex hac enim propo&longs;itione alterum ex illis <lb/>&longs;eor&longs;um exi&longs;tere conamur o&longs;tendere; atqui &longs;i ita &longs;umatur, e&longs;t principium, non conclu&longs;io. Nec non <lb/>id mihi veniebat in mentem, Ari&longs;totelem, vbicunque eiu&longs;modi propo&longs;itionem &longs;ump&longs;i&longs;&longs;et; per­<lb/>petuò ad mouentia & mobilia accommoda&longs;&longs;e: <emph type="sup"/>a<emph.end type="sup"/> quin &longs;i audiamus Alexandrum; eam quoque <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg328"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;pecialius &longs;umptam fui&longs;&longs;e dicemus; nempe in motu c&ecedil;le&longs;ti &longs;olùm in quo mobile &longs;impliciter e&longs;t; <lb/>quippe orbes planetarum, & mouens, & mobile &longs;imul &longs;ph&ecedil;ra &longs;cilicet inerrans, & primum <expan abbr="mou&etilde;s">mouens</expan> <lb/>ab omni corpore &longs;egregatum. Accedit quòd &longs;i generaliter & indefinitè accipiamus vnum &longs;eiu­<lb/>gatum; poterit intelligi primum; at non efficitur inde, vt po&longs;terius ab&longs;olutum &longs;it. Sed quoniam <lb/>negare non po&longs;&longs;umus, quin, &longs;i rerum e&longs;&longs;entia &longs;pectetur, accidentis item e&longs;&longs;entia &longs;eparata &longs;it ab <lb/>e&longs;&longs;entia &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ, alia enim e&longs;t vtriu&longs;que e&longs;&longs;entia: quia tamen non efficeret Ari&longs;toteles id quod <lb/>in&longs;tituerat: etenim primum motorem à corpore c&ecedil;le&longs;ti non e&longs;&longs;entia &longs;olùm, &longs;ed re &longs;ecretum o&longs;ten­<lb/>dere volebat: idcirco dicemus Ari&longs;totelem de rei &longs;epararione verba facere, & in eam partem ac­<lb/>cipiemus effatum, vt &longs;i de priore dubium &longs;it, &longs;it'ne &longs;eparatum; à po&longs;terioris &longs;epararione conclu­<lb/>damus etiam prius e&longs;&longs;e ab&longs;olutum; <expan abbr="id&qacute;">idque</expan>. rerum natura patietur. Nam &longs;i po&longs;terius ex aliquo pen­<lb/>det, <expan abbr="id&qacute;">idque</expan>. per &longs;e &longs;ub&longs;i&longs;tit; multò magis exi&longs;tet per &longs;e prius; quia non pendeat ex alio. atque illud <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg329"></arrow.to.target><lb/>po&longs;terius, &longs;ic ab altero &longs;eparari debere putamus, vt ab aliis omnibus ab&longs;olutum &longs;it. Idcirco etiam <lb/>&longs;i materia &longs;eparetur à forma: quia non &longs;impliciter à forma &longs;eparatur, neque formam (de mate­<lb/>riata nunc agimus) à materia liberam e&longs;&longs;e continget. Vbi igitur ab&longs;olutum &longs;it po&longs;terius; prius <expan abbr="it&etilde;">item</expan> <lb/>multò magis ab&longs;olutum &longs;it, nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t. ab&longs;olutum, inquam, vt &longs;ub&longs;i&longs;tens, non autem, vt e&longs;&longs;entiæ <lb/>priuilegio, &longs;iue functionis ab alio pendet. Nam Socrates e&longs;t res ab&longs;oluta, quia con&longs;i&longs;tit partibus <lb/>vniuer&longs;is, ex quibus illud deriuatur, quod dicimus <foreign lang="greek">u)pazxei_n</foreign>, ide&longs;t, exi&longs;tere. Quòd &longs;i pendeat <lb/>ab alio, tanquam mouente; nil veritati propo&longs;itionis ob&longs;tat, modò cau&longs;&longs;as internas & affectus, vt <lb/>in &longs;ubiecto, velut patiente in&longs;unt, c&ecedil;teris cogitatione &longs;euocatis aduertamus, non excludentes à <lb/>Deo reliqua pendere, propterea quòd &longs;int, aut quòd illum imitando operentur: illud verò ap­<lb/>probantes, quòd primum quod &longs;eparatum e&longs;&longs;e colligere &longs;tudemus, ab&longs;olutum quoque &longs;it & à <lb/>nullo pendeat ex con&longs;equentibus, neque vt &longs;it, neque vt operetur. Sed illud mihi placet magis <lb/>hæc non generatim, &longs;ed appo&longs;itè ad motum primum pronuntiata fui&longs;&longs;e ab Ari&longs;totele. Et illud <lb/>item ab Ari&longs;totele receptum. <emph type="sup"/>b<emph.end type="sup"/> Ex pote&longs;tate & actu, &longs;iue è materia & forma aut ex corpore, & <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg330"></arrow.to.target><lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg331"></arrow.to.target><lb/>animo vnum fieri per &longs;e, cuius nulla demon&longs;tratio po&longs;sit afferri, quippe quòd ea &longs;it illorum vis <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg332"></arrow.to.target><lb/>& natura, nec in alia principia re&longs;oluatur. Nam quamuis Ari&longs;toteles olim pronuntiarit oppo&longs;i­<lb/>tum in medio afferens aliud principium, <emph type="sup"/>c<emph.end type="sup"/> per quod vnum fiat ex illis; rem ip&longs;am &longs;pectat, dum <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg333"></arrow.to.target><lb/>fit: tunc enim requiritur efficiens quod iungat hæc duo principia diuer&longs;a; & finis cuius gratia &longs;ic <lb/>agat efficiens; nos autem hîc verba facimus de re, po&longs;tquàm genita e&longs;t & interna principia &longs;cru­<lb/>tamur; Vnum igitur fit ex illis non vt colla, glutine, aut clauo, neque item compo&longs;itione, aut <expan abbr="cõ-tinuatione">con­<lb/>tinuatione</expan>; &longs;ed quòd pote&longs;tas e&longs;t res quæ perfectionem po&longs;tulat, eius autem perfectio e&longs;t actus; <lb/><expan abbr="eodem&qacute;">eodemque</expan>. modo materia &longs;e habet ad formam, & corpus animalis ad animam. hoc totum, <expan abbr="inquã">inquam</expan>, <lb/>e&longs;t ex eorum natura. Cùm enim e&longs;&longs;e dicatur multis modis, vt pote&longs;tate & actu; illud verè e&longs;t <lb/>quod e&longs;t actus, vnde impetrarunt alia quòd &longs;int. Cùm ergo materia &longs;it pote&longs;tas, forma verò <lb/>actus, materia per &longs;e non con&longs;tat, &longs;ed &longs;ocietatem formæ requirit, vt &longs;it: &longs;ic etiam corpus organi­<lb/>cum, quia potentia vitam habet, non actu, vt eam habeat, animæ præ&longs;entia opus e&longs;t. Quoniam <lb/>igitur oportet vt illi pr&ecedil;&longs;to &longs;it forma, huic autem animus; &longs;i e&longs;&longs;e debent: idcirco vnum fit ex ma­<lb/>teria & forma. Et per analogiam ad hæc quòd certum efficiens incutiat actum certo &longs;ubiecto, <lb/>quod item indemon&longs;trabile te&longs;tatur e&longs;&longs;e Philo&longs;ophus, <emph type="sup"/>d<emph.end type="sup"/> quippe quòd hæc &longs;it eorum natura. <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg334"></arrow.to.target><lb/>In rebus etiam natura con&longs;tantibus certa e&longs;t & determinata ratio magnitudinis, & paruitatis, <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg335"></arrow.to.target><lb/>cùm vt forma con&longs;i&longs;tat, tùm etiam vt efficienti parere valeat: nanque et&longs;i materiæ cau&longs;&longs;a diui&longs;io <lb/>procedit in infinitum; at vbi illa ratio corrumpatur; intereat forma nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t priuata in&longs;trumen­<lb/>tis quibus &longs;uis muneribus fungi debebat: neque enim patitur natura aliquid otio&longs;um. Et debita <lb/><expan abbr="conueniens&qacute;">conueniensque</expan>. rei magnitudo de&longs;ideratur in patiente; quandò magna magnam vim pro ratione <lb/>corporis habentia valdè re&longs;i&longs;tunt, parua eludunt agentia. <emph type="sup"/>e<emph.end type="sup"/> Etiam con&longs;tat naturam gignendo à <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg336"></arrow.to.target><lb/>principio ad principium tendere nempe ab efficiente quod e&longs;t actu, ad finem & <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> quæ &longs;unt <lb/>ratione & e&longs;&longs;entia priora, licet vltima generatione. <emph type="sup"/>f<emph.end type="sup"/> Hinc efficitur vt res aliter in natura &longs;e <arrow.to.target n="marg337"></arrow.to.target> ha­<lb/><lb/>beat, dum fit, ac po&longs;tquàm facta fuerit: nam quæ po&longs;teriora generatione, hæc &longs;unt natura prio­<lb/>ra, & contra quæ prius natura &longs;unt ea &longs;int vltima generatione. Hæc de communibus phy&longs;io­<lb/>logiæ totius effatis dicere libuit quæ maioris ponderis e&longs;&longs;e intelligeremus, quibus theoremata <lb/>fundarentur quæ de motu generatim in&longs;tituimus, alia reiicientes ad illa, quæ de reliqua re natu­<lb/>rali &longs;cribere cogitamus.</s></p> <pb pagenum="34"/> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg307"></margin.target>III.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg308"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg309"></margin.target>a 10. Met. <lb/>T. 13.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg310"></margin.target>b 10. Met. <lb/>T. 19.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg311"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg312"></margin.target>c 10. Met. <lb/>T. 26.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg313"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg314"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg315"></margin.target>d Bis in eo­<lb/>dem T. 26</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg316"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg317"></margin.target>a 1. Po&longs;t.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg318"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg319"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg320"></margin.target>b Di&longs;. <lb/>Di&longs;pu. 2. <lb/>Sol. 1.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg321"></margin.target>IV.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg322"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg323"></margin.target>c 8. Eth. <lb/>c. vlt. <lb/>lib. <foreign lang="greek">pezi­<lb/>paqw_n</foreign>.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg324"></margin.target>d 8. Phy&longs;. <lb/>12. Met. <lb/>T. 35.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg325"></margin.target>V.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg326"></margin.target>e Zim. <lb/>Theo. 174.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg327"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg328"></margin.target>a 12. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg329"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg330"></margin.target>b 8. Met. <lb/>T. vlt. <lb/>2. de An. <lb/>T. 7.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg331"></margin.target>VI.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg332"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg333"></margin.target>c 2. de Ge. <lb/>T. 51.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg334"></margin.target>d 2. de An.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg335"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg336"></margin.target>e 1. De ort.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg337"></margin.target>f 2. de Par. <lb/>c. 1.</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Vtrùm principia &longs;uperius expo&longs;ita &longs;int ea nota nobis quæ I. Phy&longs;. propo&longs;uit Ari&longs;toteles an non. <lb/>Cap. V<emph.end type="italics"/>.<lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg338"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg338"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>ATQVE ea quidem nob. nota &longs;unt annum illa, à quibus initium &longs;u&ecedil; phy&longs;iologi&ecedil; &longs;ump&longs;it <lb/>Ari&longs;toteles? Equidem neque hæc excepta fui&longs;&longs;e puto, neque &longs;ola comprehen&longs;a; &longs;ed aliud <lb/>genus eorum quæ &longs;int nota nob. ab Ari&longs;totele proponi credo quæ <expan abbr="re&longs;olu&etilde;tes">re&longs;oluentes</expan> manu duceremur in <lb/>eorum notitiam, quæ nobis ignota forent, & cùm &longs;impliciter nota e&longs;&longs;ent; nobis quoque nota fie­<lb/>rent: vbi verò notui&longs;&longs;ent, lucem rebus afferrent quæ licet no&longs;cerentur à nob. &longs;impliciter, tamen <lb/>ignorabantur; ita enim no&longs;cebantur à nob. vt &longs;en&longs;ui &longs;e&longs;e offerebant; & cum cau&longs;&longs;as haberent ex <lb/>quibus apt&ecedil; e&longs;&longs;ent, &longs;ine cau&longs;&longs;a no&longs;cebantur; rerum verò cau&longs;&longs;as habentium legitima cognitio pa­<lb/>ratur auxilio cau&longs;&longs;arum: &longs;ed his inuentis per re&longs;olutionem eorum quæ &longs;unt nota nob. adhibito <lb/>quodam gyro rationis, in iis agno&longs;cuntur ea vici&longs;sim quæ nob. nota &longs;unt. vt &longs;i hydromeli &longs;ubij­<lb/>ceretur oculis no&longs;tris, id rotum &longs;pectaremus, neque tamen intelligeremus quid e&longs;&longs;et, quibusúe ex <lb/>partibus con&longs;taret; &longs;epla&longs;iarius verò ip&longs;um accipiens in mel & aquam re&longs;olueret, ex hydromeli­<lb/>te quidem mel, & aquam digno&longs;ceret, & ex iis hydromelitos e&longs;&longs;entiam indicaret. Atque hic qui­<lb/>dem progre&longs;&longs;us accommodatur ad omnia quæ nobis nota &longs;unt, ni&longs;i fortè eadem &longs;int nobis, &</s></p> <p type="main"> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg339"></arrow.to.target> na­<lb/><lb/>tura nota, quemadmodum euenire &longs;olet in mathematicis. &longs;ed apud phy&longs;icum &longs;anè pauca, ne di­<lb/>xerim nulla, &longs;unt huiu&longs;modi. Cùm verò communiter hoc conueniat in illa omnia quæ nob. <lb/>nota &longs;unt; nos hîc &longs;peciem quandam tractare volumus, vbi videre quoque oportet, quo hæc <lb/>quibus de nunc agimus à c&ecedil;teris &longs;eiungantur, & quodnam peculiare <expan abbr="proprium&qacute;">propriumque</expan>. præ&longs;eferant <lb/>quod attinet ad eorum con&longs;titutionem & modum quo nobis afferunt auxilium ad reliqua co­<lb/>gno&longs;cenda qu&ecedil; ignoramus; ac principia primùm, quæ cùm &longs;e&longs;e demer&longs;erint in profundum, à no­<lb/>&longs;tris &longs;en&longs;ibus longi&longs;simè rece&longs;&longs;erunt, vt iis optimè per&longs;pectis, illa vnde primùm voluere, pro­<lb/>bè intelligerentur. antè enim erat inchoata illorum cognitio, quippe ex &longs;en&longs;u & per accidens; po­<lb/>&longs;tea perfecta & per &longs;uas cau&longs;&longs;as, mox alia quæ cùm pendeant ex illis, à nob. nullo pacto cogno­<lb/>&longs;cuntur; neque enim &longs;entimus ea, quæ in centrum mundi &longs;e&longs;e abdidere; &longs;ed ratio dictat ibi quid­<lb/>dam e&longs;&longs;e torpidi&longs;simum; quia nimirum maximè omnium di&longs;tet à c&ecedil;lo à quo calor ad elementa <lb/>permanat. ea verò deducitur ex iis principiis quæ nob. antea patefacta fuerant. Hæc ergo &longs;peciali <lb/>quodam nomine confu&longs;a vocauit Ari&longs;toteles, Græcè <foreign lang="greek">sugkexume/na</foreign> e&longs;t verò apud Græcos ea <lb/>vox frequenti&longs;sima qua &longs;ignificatur res conturbata & non pura, vt &longs;pecies confu&longs;æ dicerentur <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg340"></arrow.to.target><lb/>imagines illæ quæ apparent in aquis, vbi concitantur, a&longs;piciuntur enim di&longs;tortis & perplexis, vt <lb/>certam nullam delineationem præferre videantur. quin ita exiles &longs;unt, vt ægrè di&longs;cerni po&longs;sint. <lb/>atque h&ecedil; quidem huiu&longs;modi e&longs;&longs;e &longs;olent in pueris, dum ab immoderato calore &longs;anguis <expan abbr="&longs;piritus&qacute;">&longs;piritusque</expan>. <lb/>turbantur, con&longs;imiles in ebriis exi&longs;tunt. Sic te&longs;tabatur Ari&longs;toteles, gentem aliquam ab ortu notam <lb/><emph type="sup"/>a<emph.end type="sup"/> quandam, &longs;tigma ip&longs;e vocat, in humeris habere, <expan abbr="eam&qacute;">eamque</expan>. in auis apparui&longs;&longs;e di&longs;tinctam, po&longs;t <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg341"></arrow.to.target><lb/>modo in nepotibus reliquum e&longs;&longs;e nigrum quoddam confu&longs;um, vt di&longs;cernere non liceret, nota'ne <lb/>foret, an potius imago notæ. Eodem quoque modo cùm redderet cau&longs;&longs;am Philo&longs;ophus, <emph type="sup"/>b<emph.end type="sup"/> cur <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg342"></arrow.to.target><lb/>nati &longs;imiles interdum parentibus e&longs;&longs;ent, nonnunquàm matribus, ac nepotes auis aut auiis docet <lb/>ex longiore nepotum &longs;ucce&longs;sione figuras maiorum confundi, & proce&longs;&longs;u temporis ita conturba­<lb/>ri, vt nulli amplius affinium, aut con&longs;anguineorum &longs;imiles &longs;int. Verùm quod ad rem no&longs;tram <lb/>pertinet, cùm Galenus, tùm etiam Ari&longs;toteles v&longs;i &longs;unt huiu&longs;cemodi voce, &longs;ignificantes doctrinam <lb/>rudem & inchoatam <emph type="sup"/>c<emph.end type="sup"/> quam item alio nomine <foreign lang="greek">a)o/zison</foreign>, ide&longs;t indefinitam ip&longs;e appellauit. & <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg343"></arrow.to.target><lb/>opponit confu&longs;o <foreign lang="greek">to\n diozismo\n</foreign>, ide&longs;t di&longs;tinctionem. Planius adhuc idem Galenus <emph type="sup"/>d<emph.end type="sup"/> mentionem <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg344"></arrow.to.target><lb/>faciens de doctrina qu&ecedil; tradenda e&longs;t rudibus, conferre docet in compluribus indefinitum & con­<lb/>fu&longs;um magis quàm <foreign lang="greek">dihzq zwme/non</foreign>, ide&longs;t di&longs;tinctum, vbi &longs;cilicet id profundæ &longs;peculationis & <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg345"></arrow.to.target><lb/>prolixiorum &longs;ermonum & longioris temporis indigeat quod item alio nomine <foreign lang="greek">tu/aw</foreign>, ide&longs;t ru­<lb/>dius dictum & oppo&longs;itum ei, quod e&longs;t exqui&longs;itum, ab Ari&longs;totele &longs;ignificatum fui&longs;&longs;e nouimus. <lb/>M. Tullius <emph type="sup"/>e<emph.end type="sup"/> <foreign lang="greek">sugkexome/non, & ao/zison</foreign>, confu&longs;um <expan abbr="incertum&qacute;">incertumque</expan>. reddidit. Audit igitur, quid <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg346"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;ibi velit in methodo confu&longs;um. Sed enim hoc in omnem di&longs;putationem quadram pote&longs;t, &longs;iue <lb/>&longs;it de principiis, &longs;iue de rebus quæ pendent ex ip&longs;is. Atqui nunc aduertamus quæ velit Ari&longs;tote­<lb/>les e&longs;&longs;e confu&longs;a <emph type="sup"/>f<emph.end type="sup"/> quorum v&longs;us &longs;it in principiis euoluendis. Hæc, &longs;i rerum ip&longs;arum conditionem <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg347"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;pectes; illa generatim vocantur quæ vix à nob. cogno&longs;cuntur, hoc e&longs;t, vt tamet&longs;i ea no&longs;camus, <lb/>quòd &longs;int; cùm habeant cau&longs;&longs;as; imperfectè tamen cogno&longs;cuntur, quòd eorum cau&longs;&longs;æ ignoran­<lb/>tur. itaque cùm con&longs;tent ex cau&longs;sis; non fuerit error opinor, &longs;i etiam <foreign lang="greek">siw/qeta</foreign>, ide&longs;t compo&longs;ita <lb/>nuncupentur: præ&longs;ertim quòd habemus graui&longs;simos huius loci interpretes Alexandrum, Sim­<lb/>plicium, & Auerroëm qui confu&longs;a interpretantur compo&longs;ita. Quapropter etiam nos facilitatis <lb/>ergò confu&longs;a tran&longs;umemus in compo&longs;ita. & ea partiemur in tria membra, ea &longs;cilicet quæ &longs;unt <lb/>compo&longs;ita compo&longs;itione formali, reali, & logica. formali quidem compo&longs;itione intelligentes e&longs;­<lb/>&longs;e compo&longs;ita illa, quorum rationi &longs;upponitur alterius ratio, veluti rationi accidentis ratio &longs;ub­ <pb pagenum="35"/> <arrow.to.target n="marg348"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;tantiæ &longs;upponitur: realis autem compo&longs;itio e&longs;t in partibus &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ &longs;ubiectis quæ ex materia <lb/><expan abbr="forma&qacute;">formaque</expan>. exi&longs;tunt. Compo&longs;itionem logicam compo&longs;itionem vel rationum, vt &longs;ubiectarum par­<lb/>tium in genere; continet enim genus in &longs;e vniuer&longs;o quodam modo & virtute rationem &longs;uarum <lb/>partium, vel etiam à ratione factam, cùm &longs;impliciter, & &longs;ine vlla conditione &longs;umitur id quod <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <lb/>aliqua lege & modo audiendum e&longs;t. Ex horum numero &longs;unt &longs;ententiæ veterum. Omnium <expan abbr="horũ">horum</expan> <lb/>v&longs;us e&longs;t in omni doctrina, & in phy&longs;ica præcipuè. Nam 7. Met. illa repo&longs;uit in notis nobis quo­<lb/>rum auxilio principiorum notitia paretur quæ parum participant ip&longs;um e&longs;&longs;e, tamen ea &longs;ic habe­<lb/>re compertum e&longs;t, quamuis cau&longs;&longs;a lateat; hæc &longs;unt accidentia & inhærentia rebus: parum enim <lb/>con&longs;i&longs;tunt; quia non per &longs;e, &longs;ed in &longs;ub&longs;tantia con&longs;i&longs;tunt; & cùm cau&longs;&longs;as habeant, &longs;ine cau&longs;&longs;a verò <lb/>no&longs;cantur, exiliter admodum cogno&longs;cuntur. Ex eodem ordine &longs;unt compo&longs;ita ex materia, & <lb/>quæcunque &longs;unt hoc aliquid: quandò compo&longs;ita multò minus participent ip&longs;um e&longs;&longs;e quàm for­<lb/>ma: nam con&longs;tant ex materia &longs;en&longs;ili quæ e&longs;t potentia, non actu, & per &longs;e ip&longs;a &longs;unt caduca atque <lb/>mortalia. quibus omnibus vtitur &longs;cientia naturalis, dum ab iis qu&ecedil; in&longs;unt in loco, vel incremento <lb/>eorum venatur e&longs;&longs;entiam, & auxilio motus inuenit materiam, functionis ope formam, atque ex <lb/>in&longs;pectione partium corporis animæ naturam ve&longs;tigat. Valet multum (vt de tertia compo&longs;itione <lb/>dicam) genus ad aperiendas differentias, & partes &longs;ubiectas: etenim ex eo, qua&longs;i ex toto earum <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg349"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ratio communis o&longs;tenditur, quæ partiendo illu&longs;tratur; & cuique propria redditur; vt dum in ani­<lb/>mali &longs;en&longs;um <expan abbr="motum&qacute;">motumque</expan>. per&longs;picimus; & varios &longs;en&longs;uum gradus <expan abbr="varios&qacute;">variosque</expan>. modos progrediendi no­<lb/>tantes animalium &longs;pecies con&longs;tituimus. Illorum certè fructus maximus quæ generatim & ab&longs;o­<lb/>lutè pronunciata fuerunt; hæc enim cùm per experientiam nobis notuerint; facilè creduntur; <lb/><expan abbr="eo&qacute;">eoque</expan>. maximè, quòd vniuersè vera &longs;unt; quia tamen flagitant modum; patiunt <expan abbr="imperfectã">imperfectam</expan> quan­<lb/>dam cognitionem quæ tùm ab&longs;oluitur, &longs;i debitum <expan abbr="modũ">modum</expan> addideris: ex illo enim quòd nouimus <lb/>omne quod fit, fieri ex eo quod e&longs;t; & ex eo quod non e&longs;t, collegimus materiam quæ partim e&longs;t, <lb/>partim non e&longs;t. Sed his omnibus veterum &longs;ententiarum expen&longs;io præponitur. iubet enim phi­<lb/>lo&longs;ophus, <emph type="sup"/>a<emph.end type="sup"/> vt principiorum probationes colligamus ex rationibus adhibitis te&longs;timoniis, <arrow.to.target n="marg350"></arrow.to.target> <expan abbr="exem-plis&qacute;">exem­<lb/><lb/>plisque</expan>. apparentibus. In quibus &longs;i cum dicendis omnes homines con&longs;entire videantur, optimum. <lb/>Si minus quodammodo quidem omnino, quod ab opinione deducti facient. habet enim vnu&longs;­<lb/>qui&longs;que peculiare quoddam procliue ad veritatem ex quibus nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t aliquo pacto demon­<lb/>&longs;trare de ip&longs;is; ex iis enim quæ verè &longs;anè dicuntur, at non per&longs;picuè procedentibus exi&longs;tet & id <lb/>quod e&longs;t per&longs;picuè, tran&longs;umentibus &longs;emper ea quæ &longs;unt notiora inter illa quæ confusè dici <arrow.to.target n="marg351"></arrow.to.target> con­<lb/><lb/>&longs;ueuerunt. <emph type="sup"/>b<emph.end type="sup"/> Itaque ex ordiri vult tractationem à primis, quæ <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> per&longs;picuè dicuntur, &longs;tudentibus <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg352"></arrow.to.target><lb/>po&longs;t inuenire per&longs;picuè quid e&longs;t illud de quo laboramus, vt in morali quid e&longs;t beaticudo; in qua <lb/>quidem tractatione accipit hoc in quo con&longs;entiunt omnes, eam nimirùm e&longs;&longs;e bonum præ&longs;tanti&longs;­<lb/>&longs;imum. <emph type="sup"/>c<emph.end type="sup"/> eandem methodi rationem non modo in ea di&longs;ceptatione de beatitudine ob&longs;eruandam <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg353"></arrow.to.target><lb/>e&longs;&longs;e monet; &longs;ed in aliis omnibus in quibus aliquid rei propo&longs;itæ cogno&longs;centes ea quærimus quæ <lb/>ne&longs;cimus. Quamobrem oportere per ea quæ verè quidem pronunciantur, non autem per&longs;picuè, <lb/>eruere conari quod verè e&longs;t & per&longs;picuè. Hæc nos igitur ea dicimus e&longs;&longs;e quæ nonmodo in ethi­<lb/>cis, &longs;ed in philo&longs;ophia quæ &longs;equitur naturalem, & in phy&longs;ica proponit nob. Ari&longs;toteles, vt eorum <lb/>auxilio principiorum notitiam comparemus, omnium con&longs;en&longs;um fundamentum firmi&longs;simum <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e putantes; ac &longs;i non omnes &longs;anè con&longs;entiant, conari tamen o&longs;tendere, vt ea dicere volui&longs;&longs;e vi­<lb/>deantur, quæ &longs;i mon&longs;trata fuerint, propter innatam propen&longs;ionem ad veritatem facillimè nobis <lb/>concedentur. itaque tran&longs;umptis, ide&longs;t, ad bonum &longs;en&longs;um deductis iis quæ verè quidem, &longs;ed ob­<lb/>&longs;curè pronunciantur, &longs;cientiarum prima principia comperiemus. Ex his multa &longs;unt, vt illa con­<lb/>traria e&longs;&longs;e principia, <expan abbr="eadem&qacute;">eademque</expan>. non contraria; con&longs;imiliter ex non ente, aut ex ente fieri id quod <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg354"></arrow.to.target><lb/>fit, quæ cùm vniuersè vera &longs;int, ob&longs;curè tamen dicuntur. hæc &longs;i illu&longs;trentur, & in bonam partem <lb/>accipiantur, & accommodentur ad ea quæ verè & cum ratione con&longs;tituta fuerunt; vera pror&longs;us <lb/>habebuntur; & in iis <expan abbr="principiorũ">principiorum</expan> natura elucebit. <emph type="sup"/>d<emph.end type="sup"/> Atque hic e&longs;t modus omnium apti&longs;simus ad <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg355"></arrow.to.target><lb/>di&longs;&longs;oluendas dubitationes, & tollenda contraria; nam &longs;ic omnia quæ videntur in e&longs;&longs;e, con&longs;eruan­<lb/>tur, & quæ contraria cen&longs;entur; mon&longs;trantur di&longs;tinguendo non e&longs;&longs;e contraria: &longs;ic enim verè pro­<lb/>nunciantur, aliter non verè, vt verbis Ari&longs;totelis vtar. Itaque hæc quæ veteres a&longs;&longs;ump&longs;erunt, ea <lb/>nota nobis e&longs;&longs;e arbitror, vnde via muniatur qua po&longs;simus ad principia nobis ignota peruenire. <lb/>Proinde fuit con&longs;uetudo philo&longs;ophi veterum &longs;ententias in exordio cuiu&longs;que methodi &longs;edulò <lb/>di&longs;cutere, quòd veritatem, &longs;i non planè eloquuntur, at balbutiunt. & cùm maiore ex parte veræ <lb/>&longs;int: nanque &longs;en&longs;ibus plerunque fundantur; non difficile e&longs;t illas repurgare; <emph type="sup"/>e<emph.end type="sup"/> <expan abbr="id&qacute;">idque</expan>. in omni <arrow.to.target n="marg356"></arrow.to.target> me­<lb/><lb/>thodo conandum: præterquàm quòd &longs;i inde ducatur initium; vitatur negotium congrediendi <lb/>cum imperitis, nec omnia reuocanda &longs;unt in controuer&longs;iam, cùm aliqua item ex illis periti rece­<lb/>perint quorum iudicium videtur e&longs;&longs;e approbandum, & præcipuè veterum de principiis, <emph type="sup"/>f<emph.end type="sup"/> quòd <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg357"></arrow.to.target><lb/>enim veteres ortui rerum viciniores e&longs;&longs;ent, vim principiorum magis tenere potuerint; quia periti <lb/>principia cominus intuentur. Accedit eodem, quòd &longs;uppeditant veterum dicta copiam theore­ <pb pagenum="36"/>matum: quandò artes omnes per incrementa quædam productæ &longs;unt <emph type="sup"/>a<emph.end type="sup"/> quoque artificè ad illas <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg358"></arrow.to.target><lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg359"></arrow.to.target><lb/>aliquid addente. Confu&longs;a igitur nobis nota &longs;unt; ea verò &longs;e habent vt tota. Quare cùm &longs;en&longs;ui <lb/>notius &longs;it totum quàm partes; à notis autem nobis ex in&longs;tinctu naturæ procedendum &longs;it; à toto <lb/>ad partes progredi cogimur. itaquediuidendo paratur notitia partium qu&ecedil; certa e&longs;t atque di&longs;tin­<lb/>cta: vt enim primo intuitu ampli&longs;simas ædes a&longs;picimus; nec tamen quid commen&longs;i; quid com­<lb/>modi, aut artificiosè di&longs;po&longs;iti contineant intelligere valemus; tùm verò probè h&ecedil;c omnia percipi­<lb/>mus, cùm <expan abbr="qu&ecedil;&qacute;">qu&ecedil;que</expan>. particulatim &longs;peculamur, atque lu&longs;tramus: &longs;icitem euenit in &longs;cientiis. cortex re­<lb/>rum nobis apparet, penetralia latent; h&ecedil;c animo peragrare oportet, &longs;i rem accuratè tenere voluë­<lb/>ris. Vniuer&longs;alis illa notitia <foreign lang="greek">tupw/dhs</foreign> & rudis e&longs;t; non &longs;ufficit; ad partes veniendum e&longs;t quibus <lb/>perlu&longs;tratis vniuer&longs;a rei notitia completur. Idem quoque confirmat auctoritas Ari&longs;totelis <emph type="sup"/>b<emph.end type="sup"/> qui <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg360"></arrow.to.target><lb/>inuehitur in antiquos, quòd de natura quidem vniuersè di&longs;&longs;ererent; partes eius intactas omitte­<lb/>rent; quanquàm id difficultatis &longs;ignum po&longs;uit. eius verba hæc &longs;unt, quæ propter interpr&ecedil;tes ani­<lb/>maduertenda propono <foreign lang="greek"><gap/>o\<gap/> o(lon e_xein, me/zos de\ mh\ diw\a<gap/>w</foreign>, ide&longs;t, totum verò obtinere: partem <lb/>autem non po&longs;&longs;e, indicium difficultatis, & hoc e&longs;t illud totum, vnde ad &longs;ingularia procedere iu­<lb/>bet diuidendo Ari&longs;toteles; <emph type="sup"/>c<emph.end type="sup"/> diuidimus autem vel propriè genus in &longs;uas &longs;pecies per oppo&longs;itas <arrow.to.target n="marg361"></arrow.to.target> dif­<lb/><lb/>ferentias; vel re&longs;oluimus effectus & compo&longs;ita in &longs;uas cau&longs;&longs;as, &longs;eu complexas, &longs;iue incomplexas; <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg362"></arrow.to.target><lb/>vel adhibita conditione di&longs;tinguimus; vel diiudicamus; & verùm à fal&longs;o di&longs;cernimus. Et planè <lb/>totum quodcunque illud &longs;it nobis e&longs;t euidentius: etenim de partibus quanti per&longs;picuum e&longs;t, & <lb/>genus &longs;pecie notius e&longs;t, prius enim nouimus hoc e&longs;&longs;e animal, quàm tale animal; & tota &longs;pecies <lb/>per nomen indicatur, e&longs;&longs;entiæ verò partes definitione eluce&longs;cunt, diuidit enim definitio totam <lb/>&longs;peciem in <foreign lang="greek">kaqe/kauta</foreign>, ide&longs;t in &longs;ingularia, non &longs;anè indiuidua, &longs;ed partes e&longs;&longs;enti&ecedil; quæ &longs;imul om­<lb/>nes in nomine ip&longs;o continebantur. & vniuer&longs;ale etiam quod magna ex parte verum e&longs;t, nobis no­<lb/>tius e&longs;t, non tamen accuratè notum, ni&longs;i ip&longs;um in partes &longs;uas di&longs;tinxeris, & quod <expan abbr="verũ">verum</expan> e&longs;t à falsò <lb/>&longs;eparaueris. Et hoc equidem ab Ari&longs;totele notatum fui&longs;&longs;e cen&longs;eo, vnde peteret initia phy&longs;icæ quæ <lb/>nos cum totis in modo, vt dialectici dicunt, non &longs;ine cau&longs;&longs;a numeramus. &longs;iquidem, &longs;i &longs;ubiecta re­<lb/>&longs;picias, per vniuer&longs;a pertinent; &longs;i tamen partes ip&longs;ius aduertas, non &longs;impliciter, &longs;ed cum modo <lb/>vera e&longs;&longs;e intelliges. vtputa, vniuersè verum e&longs;t in omni generatione contrarium ex contrario fie­<lb/>ri, non tamen &longs;impliciter; quia non omni ex parte fit ex contrario; &longs;ed aliqua pars exi&longs;tit in eo <lb/>quod fit, quæ contraria non e&longs;t. Sic quicquid fit, ex non ente fit; non tamen omnes eius partes ex <lb/>non ente fiunt, &longs;ed aliquæ ex ente; nec omnibus modis ac &longs;impliciter fit ex ente, aut ex non ente; <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg363"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;ed partim ex ente, partim ex non ente, & ex ente hoc modo, illo verò ex non ente, ex quibus <lb/>exi&longs;tunt propo&longs;itiones quæ magna ex parte veræ exi&longs;tunt; non quia tales &longs;int eo quòd vt pluri­<lb/>mùm, vt fortè in dialecticis; &longs;ed quia non omni ex parte, nec omnibus modis, & vt dici &longs;olet, &longs;im­<lb/>pliciter. quas item nos in logicis non iniuria collocabimus; quippè quòd communiter veræ &longs;int <lb/>& vniuer&longs;ales, quòd partes vniuer&longs;as minimè complectantur; ad proprias tamen partibus ip&longs;is <lb/>di&longs;tinctis atque &longs;ecretis optimè reduci queant: nam tum ver&ecedil; omni ex parte exi&longs;tunt. vt quòd, <lb/>quicquid fit, partim fiat ex contrario, partim ex non contrario. verum e&longs;t vndequaque, quo <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb/>probè per&longs;pecto principiorum vis nece&longs;&longs;ariò patebit; & cuncta illu&longs;trabit, tùm qu&ecedil; prius confusè <lb/>no&longs;cebantur, tùm etiam quæ nobis ob&longs;cura &longs;unt ex iis quæ pendent ab ip&longs;is. Atque hic erit pro­<lb/>ce&longs;&longs;us ab vniuer&longs;is ad &longs;ingula, dimi&longs;sis indiuiduis quæ nullo modo &longs;unt &longs;cientiæ partes. <emph type="sup"/>d<emph.end type="sup"/> & hac <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg364"></arrow.to.target><lb/>via &longs;iue per circulum illum, quem regre&longs;&longs;um vocant, nota nobis ex notis natura cogno&longs;cuntur, <lb/>&longs;iue notis principiis, recta demon&longs;tratione, rerum per &longs;e & nobis ignotarum notitia comparatur. <lb/>Neque enim &longs;emper effectus per&longs;picui &longs;unt. Iam verò quòd &longs;ingularia non &longs;ola dicantur indiui­<lb/>dua, patet: nam &longs;ingularia &longs;pecies generis alicuius dicuntur: <emph type="sup"/>e<emph.end type="sup"/> nec <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> res materiatæ ad <expan abbr="differentiã">differentiam</expan> <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg365"></arrow.to.target><lb/>rerum quæ &longs;unt ab omni materia &longs;egregatæ, vel per e&longs;&longs;entiam, vel per indifferentiam, cuiu&longs;modi <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg366"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;unt vniuer&longs;alia logica, vel primæ philo&longs;ophiæ, triplex e&longs;t enim ab&longs;tractio phy&longs;ica, &longs;cilicet ab in­<lb/>diuiduis, mathematica à materia &longs;en&longs;ili; & metaphy&longs;ica ab omni genere materiæ, quam item lo­<lb/>gica imitatur: his hoc modo ab&longs;tractis &longs;ingularia opponuntur. & Auerroës &longs;ingulare nuncupa&longs;&longs;e <lb/>videtur omne, quod di&longs;tinguitur à compo&longs;ito. <emph type="sup"/>f<emph.end type="sup"/> te&longs;tatur enim ip&longs;e cogitatiuam non componere <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg367"></arrow.to.target><lb/>intelligibilia &longs;ingularia, cùm tamen profe&longs;&longs;us &longs;it cogitatiuæ munus e&longs;&longs;e di&longs;currere de indiuiduis; <lb/>itaque nuncupata e&longs;t mens particularis. ob <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> cau&longs;&longs;am igitur, vt tollamus ex Auerroë repugnan­<lb/>tiam, &longs;ic verba eius doctoris interpr&ecedil;tabimur, cogitatiuam non componere &longs;ingularia intelligibi­<lb/>lia, ide&longs;t terminos &longs;implices qui &longs;unt partes compo&longs;itorum vniuer&longs;alium. <expan abbr="Ideo&qacute;">Ideoque</expan>. Zimara quod <lb/>in phy&longs;icis a&longs;&longs;ecutus non e&longs;t, tandem loco alieno; & vbi minus oportuit, veram vocis interpr&ecedil;ta­<lb/>tionem <expan abbr="cõmentus">commentus</expan> e&longs;t. eo&longs;dem &longs;implices terminos &longs;ingularia vocauit Ari&longs;toteles, cùm admonuit <lb/>definitionem diuidere in &longs;ingularia. Ab his igitur quæ rudia &longs;unt & inchoata natura perpetuò <lb/>progreditur, & dum rerum productioni vacat, & dum dirigit nos ad &longs;cientiam. Nam primùm in <lb/>vtero certus &longs;anguis concre&longs;cit; inde quædam carnis moles exi&longs;tit; mox paullatim incipit deli­<lb/>neari; ad extremum ab&longs;oluitur, vt nihil addi prætereà po&longs;sit. Hic autem progre&longs;&longs;us cum erudi­ <pb pagenum="37"/> <arrow.to.target n="marg368"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ti&longs;simè & eleganti&longs;simè fuerit expo&longs;itus à M. Tullio <emph type="sup"/>a<emph.end type="sup"/> in omni genere notitiæ, nihil nocebit <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg369"></arrow.to.target><lb/>(opinor) &longs;i in hunc locum apti&longs;simè illius verba conferantur. Ip&longs;e igitur primum de iis agens in <lb/>quibus appetitus exercetur, ea &longs;cribit quæ certè ex media philo&longs;ophia deprompta fui&longs;&longs;e fatebe­<lb/>ris, & cum placitis Ari&longs;totelis maximè congruentia. De prima ergo hominis con&longs;titutione di­<lb/>&longs;putans &longs;ic ait. “Hanc initio con&longs;titutionem confu&longs;am habet & incertam, vt tantummodo &longs;e <lb/>tueatur, qualecunque &longs;it.” Iam enim accepimus, omne animal &longs;eip&longs;um diligere, & &longs;imulac or­<lb/>tum e&longs;t, id agere, vt &longs;e con&longs;eruet, quòd hic primus ad omnem vitam tuendam appetitus à natu­<lb/>ra datur, &longs;e vt con&longs;eruet, atque ita &longs;it affectum, vt optimè &longs;ecundum naturam e&longs;&longs;e po&longs;sit. &longs;e in­<lb/>quàm tantummodo tueatur, qualecunque &longs;it. “&longs;ed nec quid fit, nec quid po&longs;sit, nec quid ip&longs;ius <lb/>natura &longs;it, intelligit. Cùm autem proce&longs;sit paullulum, & quatenus, quicquid &longs;e attingat, ad <expan abbr="&longs;e&qacute;">&longs;eque</expan>. <lb/>pertineat, per&longs;picere cœpit. tùm &longs;en&longs;im incipit progredi, &longs;e <expan abbr="&longs;e&qacute;">&longs;eque</expan>. agno&longs;cere & intelligere, quam <lb/>ob cau&longs;am habeat eum quem diximus, animi appetitum: <expan abbr="cœptat&qacute;">cœptatque</expan>. & ea quæ naturæ apta &longs;en­<lb/>tit, appetere & propul&longs;are contraria.” Sed illud pror&longs;us diuinum quod ex Accio profitetur, <lb/>vnde contemplationis origo deducta e&longs;t, qua &longs;e&longs;e v&longs;que ad Deum Optimum Maximum, &longs;olus <lb/>homo euexit ab ignorantiæ gradu per admirationem eorum quæ &longs;en&longs;ibus & confusè &longs;ubiiceren­<lb/>tur, ad exqui&longs;itam & di&longs;tinctam notitiam rerum procedens, & &longs;ummas eorum cau&longs;&longs;as attin­<lb/>gens. Ecce pa&longs;tores He&longs;peridum, Columbi nauem, pan&longs;is velis ad littus appellere con&longs;piciunt: <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg370"></arrow.to.target><lb/>rem nouam procul admirantur; quid e&longs;&longs;e po&longs;sit ignorant; in&longs;ulam moueri &longs;u&longs;picantur. aut con­<lb/>citari nimbum, propè Deos illam vehi cen&longs;ent. itaque &longs;ecum fremunt, Quare, vt apud Accium <lb/>pa&longs;tor ille qui nauem nunquàm ante viderat, “vt procul diuinum & nouum vehiculum Argo­<lb/>nautarum è monte con&longs;pexit, primò admirans & perterritus loquitur: &longs;ic & ip&longs;i murmurant <lb/>hoc modo.”</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg339"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg340"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg341"></margin.target>a 7. De hi&longs;. <lb/>anim. c. 6.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg342"></margin.target>b 4. de Ge. <lb/>an. c. 3.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg343"></margin.target>c 2. De die. <lb/>crit. c. 1.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg344"></margin.target>d 3. de cau. <lb/>p<gap/> c. 3. <lb/>Pi. tibao 7. <lb/>de rep.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg345"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg346"></margin.target>e 5. de fin.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg347"></margin.target>f 1. ad Eu. <lb/>c. 3.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg348"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg349"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg350"></margin.target>a 1. ad Eu. <lb/>c. 3.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg351"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg352"></margin.target>b 1. ad Eu. <lb/>c. 4.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg353"></margin.target>c 2. ad Eu. <lb/>c. 3.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg354"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg355"></margin.target>d 7. ad Eu. <lb/>c. 1.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg356"></margin.target>e 1. de Au. <lb/>T. 19.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg357"></margin.target>f 1. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg358"></margin.target>a 2. Elen. <lb/>1. Rhet. <lb/>2. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg359"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg360"></margin.target>b 2. Met. <lb/>c. 1.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg361"></margin.target>c 1. Phy&longs;. <lb/>T. 4.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg362"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg363"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg364"></margin.target>d Auer. 1. <lb/>Phy&longs;. T. 5.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg365"></margin.target>e 1. de par. <lb/>anim. c. 3. <lb/>12. Met. <lb/>T. 4.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg366"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg367"></margin.target>f 3. de An. <lb/>c. 33.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg368"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg369"></margin.target>a 5. De fin.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg370"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>-Tanta moles labitur</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>“Fremebunda ex alto ingenti &longs;onitu & &longs;piritu:</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Præ &longs;e vndas voluit: vertices vi &longs;u&longs;citat:</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Ruit prolap&longs;a: pelagus re&longs;pergit: reflat:</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Ita dum interruptum credas nimbum voluier,</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Dum quod &longs;ublime ventis expul&longs;um rapi</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Saxum aut procellis, vel globo&longs;os turbines</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Exi&longs;tere ictos vndis concur&longs;antibus,</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Ni&longs;i quas terre&longs;tres pontus &longs;trages conciet:<lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg371"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg371"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Aut fortè Triton fu&longs;cina euertens &longs;pecus,</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Subter radices penitus vndanti in freto</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Molem ex profundo &longs;axeam ad cœlum vomit.”</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Dubitat primo, quæ &longs;it ea natura, quam cernit ignotam: <expan abbr="idem&qacute;ue">idemque</expan> iuuenibus vi&longs;is, <expan abbr="audito&qacute;ue">auditoque</expan> <lb/>nautico cantu,</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Sicuti inciti atque alacres ro&longs;tris perfremunt</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Delphini -Item alia multa.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>“-Syluani melo</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Con&longs;imilem ad aures cantum & auditum refert.&rdquo Ergo vt hîc primo a&longs;pectu inanimum <lb/>quiddam <expan abbr="&longs;en&longs;u&qacute;ue">&longs;en&longs;uque</expan> vacuum &longs;e putat cernere,; pò&longs;t autem &longs;ignis certioribus quale &longs;it id de quo <lb/>dubitauerat incipit &longs;u&longs;picari: &longs;ic philo&longs;ophi & vniuersè omnes qui ex ignorantia traducuntur <lb/>ad &longs;cientiam, primo a&longs;pectu mundi conturbati, cùm po&longs;teà vidi&longs;&longs;ent motus eius finitos & æqua­<lb/>biles, <expan abbr="omnia&qacute;ue">omniaque</expan> ratis ordinibus moderata, <expan abbr="immutabili&qacute;">immutabilique</expan>. con&longs;tantia, intellexere ine&longs;&longs;e aliquem, <lb/>non &longs;olum habitatorem in hac cœle&longs;ti ac diuina domo, &longs;ed etiam rectorem & gubernatorem, </s></p> <p type="main"> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg372"></arrow.to.target><lb/>& tanquàm architectum tanti operis & tanti muneris. Hæc M. Tullius præceptorem Platonem <lb/>imitatus qui oculos ex tam admirabilium rerum con&longs;pectu nobis ad Dei cognitionem duces <lb/>optimos extiti&longs;&longs;e prædicauit. Ita ergo peruenitur ad ea quæ &longs;unt nota natura, &longs;iue &longs;impliciter, <lb/>& per &longs;e nota, fortè etiam &longs;ecundum naturam quæ dici &longs;olent maximè vniuer&longs;alia; quòd per <lb/>plura pertinere &longs;olent. Quanquam vereor, ne quod di&longs;crimen inter hæc exi&longs;tat: neque &longs;olum <lb/>in eo quòd ita propter varias cau&longs;&longs;as appellentur; “verum etiam quòd reip&longs;a di&longs;tinguantur.” <lb/>Etenim natura nota & per &longs;e, illa dicere con&longs;ueuimus, quæ ex aliis tanquam ex fidem facienti­<lb/>bus &longs;olum; non vt explicantibus quid, aut cur &longs;int, colligantur. immò cùm primum ex notis <lb/>nobis indicata &longs;unt, in &longs;eip&longs;is &longs;uæ lucis & veritatis cau&longs;&longs;as habent, atque illas quidem ita effica­<lb/>ces, vt lucem <expan abbr="veritatem&qacute;ue">veritatemque</expan> afferant iis quæ na&longs;cuntur ex ip&longs;is; quapropter ex ip&longs;is illa note&longs;ce­<lb/>re opus e&longs;t: & planè non hæc ex notis nobis, vt nota nobis ex ip&longs;is apta &longs;unt. Cùm enim cognitio <lb/>no&longs;tra à &longs;en&longs;u nece&longs;&longs;ariò ducat <expan abbr="origin&etilde;">originem</expan>, per &longs;en&longs;ilia quæ po&longs;teriora &longs;unt, <expan abbr="tran&longs;eundũ">tran&longs;eundum</expan> e&longs;t. at &longs;i <expan abbr="m&etilde;s">mens</expan> <lb/>aut &longs;pecies obiecta libera foret à materia, progre&longs;&longs;us hic vtique nece&longs;&longs;arius non e&longs;&longs;et. Signo illud <pb pagenum="38"/>e&longs;to, quòd mens in habitu, quam fœcundam vocant, ab iis incipit quæ &longs;unt nota natura. <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg373"></arrow.to.target><lb/>Verùm &longs;en&longs;ilia & effectus ita &longs;e habent, vt ni&longs;i è cau&longs;sis illis cogno&longs;ci nequeant. Itaque etiam no­<lb/>ta &longs;impliciter appellantur, quòd menti bene affectæ nota &longs;unt, qua&longs;i certi&longs;sima &longs;int; vt &longs;i aliter <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e videantur; non rei &longs;anè, &longs;ed menti non benè affectæ &longs;it ad&longs;cribendum. nec &longs;ecus àc dulce <lb/>&longs;impliciter illud iudicetur, quod gu&longs;tatui bene &longs;ano tale apparet, quòd &longs;i &longs;ecus appareat; non id <lb/>rei vitium e&longs;t, &longs;ed gu&longs;tatus. vitium pelle, iam dulce apparebit. Atque hæc ab&longs;olutè reip&longs;a & na­<lb/>tura priora e&longs;&longs;e puto, quomodocunque priora &longs;int, vel origine, vel perfectione, quia &longs;int cau&longs;&longs;æ. <lb/>C&ecedil;terùm notiora & priora &longs;ecundum rationem, nil vetat e&longs;&longs;e po&longs;teriora natura. <emph type="sup"/>a<emph.end type="sup"/> &longs;iquidem ea <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg374"></arrow.to.target><lb/>quæ hoc modo priora &longs;unt, ita &longs;int, quòd à c&ecedil;teris per indifferentiam &longs;eparari queant, hoc e&longs;t, vt <lb/>&longs;int hoc vel illo definitè concipi po&longs;sint, nec eorum cognitio plus ex hoc quàm alio pendeat. <lb/>vt ens quantum non plus quàm quale &longs;ignificat, ita &longs;e habent vniuer&longs;alia, qu&ecedil; prædicantur in <lb/>quid. &longs;unt enim prima &longs;ecundum rationem, quòd ab intelligentia &longs;ingularium &longs;uperantur: <lb/>At cùm ex his quæ per indifferentiam communia &longs;unt, quæ prædicantur in quid &longs;int princi­<lb/>pia rei, formalia &longs;unt item natura priora; quæ verò communia &longs;unt ad vnum (quod po&longs;teà mon­<lb/>&longs;trabitur) &longs;int apta ex &longs;uis partibus &longs;ubiectis, hæc priora tantummodò erunt ratione; re autem & <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg375"></arrow.to.target><lb/>natura po&longs;teriora. Nil igitur prohibet quominus ea quæ &longs;unt ratione priora, &longs;int po&longs;teriora na­<lb/>tura. Quamobrem patet hæc non e&longs;&longs;e nota &longs;impliciter, neque &longs;uaptè natura nota. quinimmò il­<lb/>lorum cognitionem ex aliorum notitia nece&longs;&longs;ariò pendere. Illa igitur quo priora natura &longs;unt, <lb/>neque &longs;ecundum rationem &longs;olum, verum etiam reip&longs;a priora, &longs;unt illa principia quæ per nota <lb/>nobis exquirimus, & in methodorum fronte per&longs;equimur in eorum ve&longs;tigatione &longs;ententias ve­<lb/>terum &longs;crutantes, & qu&ecedil; verè dicta &longs;unt ob&longs;curè tamen explanantes & cuncta in bonum &longs;en&longs;um <lb/>transferentes. quam &longs;anè partem in methodo ne&longs;cio'num condemnandi &longs;imus, &longs;i reiiciamus ad <lb/>principium &longs;cientiæ, quæ e&longs;t mens qua terminos & principia cogno&longs;cimus: nanque et&longs;i compa­<lb/>ret aliquis progre&longs;&longs;us rationis: is demum mente finitur. Quòd &longs;i opponas eandem e&longs;&longs;e verorum <lb/>demon&longs;trationem & confutationem fal&longs;orum. <emph type="sup"/>b<emph.end type="sup"/> Quare, cum demon&longs;tratio &longs;it &longs;cientis. igitur <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg376"></arrow.to.target><lb/>eam partem fore &longs;cientiæ. Re&longs;pondebo, &longs;i fuerit di&longs;ceptatio de principiis in aliqua &longs;cientia pri­<lb/>mis: quia non pote&longs;t eorum &longs;cientia tradi progre&longs;&longs;um quidem e&longs;&longs;e &longs;apientiæ vel dialecticum: <lb/>eius verò terminum fore mentem; &longs;ecus, &longs;i di&longs;&longs;eramus de his quæ non &longs;unt prima, vel pendent <lb/>à principiis, quòd horum pote&longs;t e&longs;&longs;e demon&longs;tratio quæ item &longs;i probabilia fuerint; propter ma­<lb/>gnum lumen principiorum, multò fidei plus efficiunt quàm &longs;i demon&longs;trationis certi&longs;simæ vis <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg377"></arrow.to.target><lb/>adhiberetur; e&longs;t enim demon&longs;tratio rerum per &longs;e ignotarum; ideò multam operam flagitant, vt <lb/>& per&longs;piciantur & credantur per &longs;e nihil afferentia lucis. Neque de omnibus e&longs;t &longs;electio veri <lb/>cum demon&longs;tratione, verùm de iis quæ &longs;unt ex principiis, aut demon&longs;tratio communiter accipi­<lb/>tur pro omni genere probationis. Sic ergo nota nobis in primo phy&longs;iologiæ limine ab Ari&longs;to­<lb/>tele &longs;umpta e&longs;&longs;e defendimus.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg372"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg373"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg374"></margin.target>a 13. Met. <lb/>c. 2.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg375"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg376"></margin.target>b 1. de c&ecedil;­<lb/>lo T. 100.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg377"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Veterum &longs;ententiæ quo pacto tractande, & variæ philo&longs;ophorum &longs;ectæ recen&longs;entur. <lb/>Cap. VI<emph.end type="italics"/>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>IN quaque di&longs;ceptatione magnus v&longs;us haberi &longs;olet ex di&longs;cu&longs;sione &longs;ententiarum quas alij pro­<lb/>fe&longs;si fuerint, ac mea quidem &longs;ententia multas ob cau&longs;&longs;as, quarum aliquæ &longs;anè ab Ari&longs;totele <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg378"></arrow.to.target><lb/>recitantur: attamen & vna maximè nece&longs;&longs;aria mihi &longs;uccurrit quam neque in po&longs;tremis haben­<lb/>dam e&longs;&longs;e iudico. Talis autem e&longs;t. Nimirum in &longs;cientia facienda præcipuè con&longs;ulendum e&longs;&longs;e ca­<lb/>ptui di&longs;centis. Neque enim eadem di&longs;cipulo nota &longs;unt, ac præceptori; &longs;iquidem præceptor ve­<lb/>ra rerum principia no&longs;cat, & explicationem rei ab ip&longs;ius propria natura po&longs;sit exordiri. di&longs;cipu­<lb/>lus contrà, cum rudior &longs;it, multis eget tanquam apparatibus quibus erudiatur, & tanti&longs;per infor­<lb/>metur, dum vera principia rerum a&longs;&longs;equatur, & apud ip&longs;um plus &longs;æpè pote&longs;t auctoritas quàm <lb/>quæuis efficax ratio. In euoluendis igitur aliorum &longs;ententiis multa deteguntur quæ mentem <lb/>di&longs;cipuli præparent ad concipienda principia quæ veterum auctoritas probabilia facit. Tùm <lb/>etiam rerum natura cognitu perdifficilis e&longs;t; & quamuis vna &longs;it vnius rei &longs;cientia, quæ ducitur <lb/>ex principiis quæ veri&longs;sima <expan abbr="certi&longs;sima&qacute;">certi&longs;simaque</expan>. &longs;int; neque omnia &longs;cientiæ &longs;unt obnoxia; nec &longs;i &longs;ciri <lb/>queant, ab omnibus eodem modo tenentur; cum varia mihi <expan abbr="tibi&qacute;">tibique</expan>. eiu&longs;dem rei euenta & attri­<lb/>buta &longs;e&longs;e obtulerint ex quibus iudicia variantur. Itaque non idem ab vnoquoque principium <lb/>di&longs;ciplinæ &longs;olet adhiberi. Fit igitur, vt &longs;i varia principia quæ in mentem veniunt ex aduer­<lb/>&longs;ione plurium &longs;ententiarum, in promptu &longs;int; & id &longs;uccurrere po&longs;sit quod impleat animum <lb/>auditoris: & illud etiam, quod &longs;it maximè accommodatum, ad docendum quod &longs;cili­<lb/>cet ab auditore facilè capiatur, & vera rei principia mon&longs;tret. Aliæ quoque talis con&longs;ilij <pb pagenum="39"/> <arrow.to.target n="marg379"></arrow.to.target><lb/>cau&longs;&longs;æ po&longs;&longs;unt afferri, ita enim tractantur, vt à nobis &longs;uprà dictum e&longs;t de primis illis cogita­<lb/>tionibus rudibus &longs;cilicet & inchoatis, vt quid in illis veri continetur, accipi po&longs;sit; illud re­<lb/>pudiari, quod ine&longs;t fal&longs;i. Proinde in iis ita ver&longs;andum, vt medici in corporum curatione; &longs;icu­<lb/>ti enim ip&longs;i non nutriunt, nisi corpus a prauis humoribus repurgarint: &longs;ic neque ali debet ani­<lb/>mus; ni&longs;i ante pellantur errores. Efficitur item, vt in veram &longs;ententiam po&longs;sit qui&longs;que trahi <lb/>facilius, quo maior philo&longs;ophorum con&longs;en&longs;us exi&longs;tat; erit verò hoc expeditius quo plura ex in­<lb/>hærentibus & comitantibus explorentur, atque illa quidem quæ videantur aduer&longs;a (nam nece&longs;­<lb/>&longs;ariæ contrariorum conclu&longs;iones & rationes, qu&ecedil;&longs;tiones &longs;unt de contrariis) patiunt enim dubita­<lb/>tionem; dubitatio verò copiam facit, & dum animum huc & illuc conuertit, viam mon&longs;trat ad <lb/>inueniendum quod qu&ecedil;ritur, cùm ita eueniat, vt ex aduer&longs;orum collatione quod plus valeat ob­<lb/>&longs;eruari po&longs;sit, & ex oppo&longs;itarum rationum conflictu, non &longs;ecus àc ignis ex attritu &longs;ilicis, excutia­<lb/>tur veritas, & fallaciarum cau&longs;&longs;æ facilius detegantur, vnde omnis ignorantiæ caligo di&longs;pellitur. <lb/>Neque enim oratio vera &longs;olùm e&longs;&longs;e debet; &longs;ed aperienda quoque cau&longs;&longs;a e&longs;t, cur &longs;al&longs;a pro veris <lb/>habita &longs;int. cùm ita fiat, vt ratio per quam fal&longs;a colligebantur, probabilis &longs;anè, verùm non nece&longs;­<lb/>&longs;aria videatur. Proptereà vero tum magis adhære&longs;cimus. Oppo&longs;ita enim (vt fertur) in proximo <lb/>magis elucent. Ex hac igitur <expan abbr="verorũ">verorum</expan> collatione <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> fal&longs;is id facilè &longs;uccedit quod optat in <expan abbr="addi&longs;c&etilde;te">addi&longs;cente</expan> <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg380"></arrow.to.target><lb/>Philo&longs;ophus. ita enim principia vera cogno&longs;cit & credit, vt ijs oppo&longs;ita fal&longs;a pror&longs;us exi&longs;timet; <lb/>ex quo efficitur immutabilis; id quod &longs;cientis e&longs;t maximè proprium. Nec reticendum illud e&longs;t <lb/>quòd aliqui ratione in&longs;i&longs;tunt, nonnulli, quorum minus per&longs;picaæ e&longs;t ingenium, apparentibus. ea <lb/>verò &longs;&ecedil;pè &longs;ecum pugnare contingit, ex quo &longs;ententiæ repugnantes oriuntur. Igitur ob eam cau&longs;­<lb/>&longs;am rationes & apparentia &longs;unt conferenda, <expan abbr="&longs;&ecedil;pius&qacute;">&longs;&ecedil;piusque</expan>. apparentia con&longs;ectanda &longs;unt quàm retinen­<lb/>dæ rationes: <emph type="sup"/>a<emph.end type="sup"/> &longs;i verò pugnent cum apparentibus eas &longs;oluere oportebit. Nunc autem ni&longs;i illas <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg381"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;oluere liceat, fidem iis habere cogimur, & inuiti decipimur. Tùm etiam quia verum ex fal&longs;is col­<lb/>ligi pote&longs;t, conclu&longs;ionis cau&longs;&longs;æ &longs;pectandæ &longs;unt; ne fortè id quod <expan abbr="cõcluditur">concluditur</expan>, illi tribuatur ex quo, <lb/>non pendet. Prætereà maiorem auctoritatem habebunt ea quæ dicentur apud illos qui antè au­<lb/>diuerint rationes earum &longs;ententiarum quæ controuer&longs;iam faciunt. <emph type="sup"/>b<emph.end type="sup"/> Nam &longs;ic rectiores iudices <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg382"></arrow.to.target><lb/>habebimur, &longs;i omnium cau&longs;&longs;as audiamus. Arbitros enim præ&longs;tare nos oportet, non aduer&longs;arios, <lb/>&longs;i iudicando verum inuenire volumus. Cæterùm prætereà, quæ valent ad rectè iudicandum, il­<lb/>lud ab Ari&longs;totele &longs;criptum e&longs;t, ea videnda e&longs;&longs;e quæ dixerint alij, ne &longs;i decepti fuerint, in <expan abbr="ei&longs;d&etilde;">ei&longs;dem</expan> ver­<lb/>&longs;emur erroribus. & &longs;i quod nobis commune cum illis decretum &longs;it, ne priuatim mole&longs;tiam nobis <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg383"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ip&longs;is exhibeat, <emph type="sup"/>c<emph.end type="sup"/> dum c&ecedil;teros adiutores habemus; & pro nobis pugnare <expan abbr="paratos&ttilde;">paratostur</expan>; qua&longs;i &longs;oli <expan abbr="tantã">tantam</expan> <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg384"></arrow.to.target><lb/>quæ&longs;tionem &longs;u&longs;tinere non valeamus, itaque ad excu&longs;ationem &longs;ocios qu&ecedil;rimus; & crimen nobis <lb/>volumus cum alijs e&longs;&longs;e commune: neque id affine culpæ habendum e&longs;t; quia tamet&longs;i nihil de il­<lb/>la quæ&longs;tione &longs;uccurrit quod aliter con&longs;titui po&longs;sit; gratum tamen e&longs;&longs;e debet non modò per om­<lb/>nia melius; &longs;ed quòd aliqua &longs;anè meliora faciamus, alia verò <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> deteriora, &longs;i melius non licuerit. <lb/>Hic quidem no&longs;tri con&longs;ilij fructus. Verumenimuerò, cùm variis modis &longs;ententiæ <expan abbr="philo&longs;ophorũ">philo&longs;ophorum</expan> <lb/>tractari &longs;oleant, & di&longs;&longs;olui rationes quibus confirmantur & probabiliter & demon&longs;tratiue; non <lb/>de&longs;unt etiam (vt commune e&longs;t omnibus falli) qui &longs;e cauillis inuoluant, quibus cùm &longs;e extricare <lb/>ne&longs;ciant, multa commini&longs;cuntur quæ toto cœlo di&longs;tent à vero. Nonnulli item demon&longs;trationi­<lb/>bus vtantur quæ propriæ &longs;int aliarum <expan abbr="&longs;cientiarũ">&longs;cientiarum</expan>. Nos in hac methodo con&longs;tituimus illa di&longs;&longs;olue­<lb/>re quæ vel ex no&longs;tris principiis malè deducta &longs;int, vel conclu&longs;a mediis per accidens, vel etiam in­<lb/>uoluta &longs;ophi&longs;matis; illud in animo perpetuò fixum habentes, vt quæ ponuntur à nobis cum &longs;en­<lb/>&longs;ilibus primum, tùm deinde cum Ari&longs;totelicis dogmatis congruant: &longs;iqua præter h&ecedil;c adhibean­<lb/>tur, nihilominus &longs;tudebimus, vt ad ea ip&longs;a, quæ primi propo&longs;iti &longs;unt, aliquo pacto conducant. <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg385"></arrow.to.target><lb/>Nouerat enim Ari&longs;toteles Parmenidem & Meli&longs;&longs;um, tollere naturam principij, nedum natura­<lb/>lis &longs;cientiæ fundamenta demoliri. quia verò præ&longs;eferret ea di&longs;putatio philo&longs;ophiam, ide&longs;t, pate­<lb/>faceret aditum ad inueniendam veritatem (talis enim e&longs;t vis eius locutionis <foreign lang="greek">e)\xein filosofian</foreign>, <lb/>ide&longs;t, habere philo&longs;ophiam: ita vt etiam alibi Ari&longs;toteles ita &longs;criptum reliquerit aliquid e&longs;&longs;e à <lb/>ciuili philo&longs;opho con&longs;iderandum, quòd haberet <foreign lang="greek">a)pozi\an k<gap/>u\ filosofi\an pwlitikiw\</foreign>, <emph type="sup"/>d<emph.end type="sup"/> ide&longs;t, <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg386"></arrow.to.target><lb/>dubitationem & philo&longs;ophiam ciuilem & alibi <foreign lang="greek">o(\sa me\n ou_n e)\xein filosofian pwlitikh\n</foreign>, <lb/><emph type="sup"/>e<emph.end type="sup"/> ide&longs;t, “Quæcunque habent philo&longs;ophiam ciuilem”, &longs;ic quia contemplatio entis & vnius <expan abbr="veritat&etilde;">veritatem</expan> <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg387"></arrow.to.target><lb/>illu&longs;trat, & valet ad fundanda phy&longs;iologiæ principia, non detrectauit Philo&longs;ophus eiu&longs;modi <expan abbr="cõ-gre&longs;&longs;um">con­<lb/>gre&longs;&longs;um</expan>. Nanque et&longs;i non naturales quæ&longs;tiones ad di&longs;cutiendum proponebant, de natura &longs;e lo­<lb/>qui profitebantur quæ, cùm principium foret, impellebat item ip&longs;os ad di&longs;ceptandum quodam­<lb/>modo de principio. Itaque ob affinitatem quam habebat illa po&longs;itio cum phy&longs;iologiæ princi­<lb/>piis, ab Ari&longs;totele con&longs;iderata e&longs;t. De natura autem &longs;e di&longs;&longs;erere autumabant, idcirco quod nulla <lb/>alia &longs;ub&longs;tantia &longs;upra naturam ab illis per&longs;pecta fui&longs;&longs;et. Et Epicurus etiam omnia naturæ nomine <lb/>appellauit qui ita diuidit. Omnium qu&ecedil; &longs;int, naturam e&longs;&longs;e corpora & inane, <expan abbr="qu&ecedil;&qacute;ue">qu&ecedil;que</expan> his accidant. <lb/>Nam quæcunque eluent aut his coniuncta duabus (corporibus & inani) rebus ea inuentes; aut <pb pagenum="40"/>horum euenta videbis. Ex hoc efficiebatur, vt apud illos ens & natura idem e&longs;&longs;et. Vnde Galenus <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg388"></arrow.to.target><lb/>rationem reddens in&longs;criptionis libri de natura humana, docuit omnes veteres in&longs;cribere <expan abbr="cõ&longs;ue&longs;&longs;e">con&longs;ue&longs;&longs;e</expan> <lb/>&longs;uos libros de natura. Proinde naturalis erat prima philo&longs;ophia, ne dixerim quoque &longs;olam: <expan abbr="quã-dò">quan­<lb/>dò</expan> mathematic&ecedil;, quia bonum con&longs;ectari non viderentur; è numero &longs;cientiarum expunctæ &longs;unt; <lb/>&longs;ed po&longs;teà cognitis aliis &longs;ub&longs;tantiis materiæ immunibus ex &longs;upremo gradu deiecta fuit, & phi­<lb/>lo&longs;ophiæ primæ proximos honores occupauit. Quamobrem latius patet naturæ &longs;ignificatum <lb/>quàm id quod in no&longs;tra methodo concipitur & definitur, principium motus & quietis. idem <lb/>enim valet atque ens. Quapropter qui naturam in eo &longs;ignificato &longs;pectat, multa quidem tractare <lb/>cogitur qu&ecedil; cancellos methodi no&longs;tri tran&longs;iliunt, quod certè non ob&longs;eruans Themi&longs;tius, præ&longs;er­<lb/>tim, cùm paullò antè affirma&longs;&longs;et Ari&longs;toteles, eos non agere de natura, quia motus initia &longs;u&longs;tuli&longs;­<lb/>&longs;ent, locum ita legebat. De natura quidem non; naturales autem quæ&longs;tiones, & tamen illud om­<lb/>nino fal&longs;um qu&ecedil;&longs;tiones ab illis inductas e&longs;&longs;e naturales. Id quod etiam videtur per&longs;pexi&longs;&longs;e Gale­<lb/>nus <emph type="sup"/>a<emph.end type="sup"/> & legi&longs;&longs;e contextum, quemadmodum nos approbauimus. Ob id igitur de natura <arrow.to.target n="marg389"></arrow.to.target> di&longs;&longs;ere­<lb/><lb/>batur à cunctis; &longs;ed quæ&longs;tiones erant aliquando non naturales. Eiu&longs;modi fuerunt quas profe&longs;si <lb/>&longs;unt Parmenides, & Meli&longs;&longs;us, & alij nonnulli eiu&longs;dem not&ecedil; philo&longs;ophi. Sed antequam <expan abbr="&longs;ingulorũ">&longs;ingulorum</expan> <lb/>noto &longs;ententias, de philo&longs;ophorum &longs;ectis aliqua generatim dicere con&longs;titui. Quamuis <expan abbr="aut&etilde;">autem</expan> hunc <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg390"></arrow.to.target><lb/>locum, vt c&ecedil;teros omnes Pererius docti&longs;simus vberrimè <expan abbr="eruditi&longs;simè&qacute;">eruditi&longs;simèque</expan>. tractarit; nec qui&longs;quam <lb/>illius indu&longs;triam diligentiamúe in hac tractatione con&longs;equi po&longs;sit; &longs;tudebimus tamen ea &longs;eligere <lb/>qu&ecedil; ad Ari&longs;totelem magis attinere cen&longs;ebimus, & &longs;i qua &longs;uccurrent quæ no&longs;tro labore compara­<lb/>uimus, ea quoque nos in medio ponemus. Ergo philo&longs;ophorum &longs;ectæ quæ tempore Ari&longs;totelis <lb/>vel floruerant, vel florere inc&ecedil;perant, variæ fuerunt, atque illæ quidem varia nomina &longs;ortitæ, vel <lb/>ab eo qui in&longs;tituerat, vt à Pythagora Pythagor&ecedil;i, vel à genere vitæ, vt Cynici, quòd vitam canis <lb/>imitarentur; ab actione nonnulli, vt à deambulando Peripatetici. à patria quidem, vt Cyrenaici, <lb/>& Megaren&longs;es, & à loco poti&longs;simum, velut Academici & Stoici à porticu. Sed ea princeps di&longs;tri­<lb/>butio &longs;ectarum quæ à loco <expan abbr="nom&etilde;">nomen</expan> obtinuit in Ionicam & Italicam huic nos <expan abbr="Eleaticã">Eleaticam</expan> &longs;ubiicimus. <lb/>Nec defuerunt qui nomen ex profe&longs;sione ducerent, hinc quidam morales, alij dialectici dicti, <lb/>nonnulli Theologi, & illi phy&longs;ici qui motum pro principio &longs;tatuerent. Atque vt ab Italica exor­<lb/>diar quæ (ni&longs;i fallor) eadem e&longs;t cum Pythagorica, auctor eius fuit Pythagoras Samius Pherecy­<lb/>dis Syri auditor qui cum He&longs;iodo numeratur in Theologis. fuit <expan abbr="aut&etilde;">autem</expan> primus qui animi immor­<lb/>talitatem profe&longs;&longs;us fuerit, & cùm apud veteres my&longs;teria naturæ &longs;ub fabulis traderentur; grauiter <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg391"></arrow.to.target><lb/>& &longs;eriò philo&longs;ophari cœpit. Eius ergo auditor Pythagoras. Huius &longs;ectatores de quibus meminit <lb/>Ari&longs;toteles, Empedocles, Epicharmus, Archytas Tarentinus, Alem&ecedil;o Crotoniates, &longs;ed hic floruit <lb/>&longs;ub Pythagora iam &longs;eniore, Hippa&longs;us Metapontinus. Eleaticæ dicitur auctor fui&longs;&longs;e Thelauges <lb/>Pythagoræ filius; eius patroni fuerunt Xenophanes, Parmenides, Meli&longs;&longs;us, Zeno Eleates; cum eis <lb/>quoque Lycophronem numeremus; Leucippus, Democritus, & Heraclitus quorum ætate vixit <lb/>Hippocrates. Ionicæ princeps fuit Thales Mile&longs;ius: hic omnium primus naturalem <expan abbr="philo&longs;ophiã">philo&longs;ophiam</expan> <lb/>profe&longs;&longs;us e&longs;t; ip&longs;um &longs;equutus e&longs;t Anaximander; huic &longs;ucce&longs;sit Anaximenes; hic auditorem ha­<lb/>buit Anaxagoram. is Archelaum docuit qui primus ex Ionia philo&longs;ophiam vexit Athenas, hunc <lb/>po&longs;t audiuit Socrates. Sed ip&longs;e rerum naturalium &longs;crutatione po&longs;thabita, ac nonnullis de defini­<lb/>tionis regulis explicatis &longs;e totum dedit officiis ciuilibus, & animos <expan abbr="hominũ">hominum</expan> bonis moribus infor­<lb/>mare con&longs;tituit vtilia per&longs;equens; ea verò qu&ecedil; nullius v&longs;us e&longs;&longs;ent, àc &longs;i &longs;upra hominis captum fo­<lb/>rent, omittens. A Socrate de&longs;cendit Plato auctor &longs;ectæ Academiæ, Anti&longs;thenes Cynicæ, Ari&longs;tip­<lb/>pus Cyrenaicæ cum quo recen&longs;etur Eudoxus, à Platone fluxit Spere&longs;ippus qui &longs;e&longs;e tenuit in Aca­<lb/>demia. Ari&longs;toteles, tamet&longs;i Platonis auditor, in&longs;tituit &longs;ectam Peripateticam valdè ab Academica <lb/>differentem. Quia verò huius philo&longs;ophi in&longs;titutionem &longs;equimur, neque ab re nos facturos e&longs;&longs;e <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg392"></arrow.to.target><lb/>cen&longs;emus, &longs;i de illius familia nonnulla &longs;ubiungamus. Fertur verò <expan abbr="Ari&longs;totel&etilde;">Ari&longs;totelem</expan> Theophra&longs;to <expan abbr="&longs;cholã">&longs;cholam</expan> <lb/><expan abbr="cõmi&longs;i&longs;&longs;e">commi&longs;i&longs;&longs;e</expan>, hic verò eandem methodum &longs;eruans quam in&longs;tituit Ari&longs;toteles, &longs;crip&longs;it hi&longs;toriam plan­<lb/>tarum. Po&longs;t Theophra&longs;tum Eudemus tenui&longs;&longs;e legitur. atque hactenus Ari&longs;totelis decreta retenta <lb/>&longs;unt. Nam &longs;trato Lamp&longs;acenus, quanquam Theophra&longs;ti di&longs;cipulus, multa <expan abbr="cõmutauit">commutauit</expan>, vnde puri <lb/>illi Peripati fontes conturbati fuerunt, pr&ecedil;tereo complures alios quorum nulla extat hodie nota <lb/>apud no&longs;tros <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> audacia, &longs;eu negligentia veri&longs;imile e&longs;t, di&longs;ciplinam illam Ari&longs;totelicam fui&longs;&longs;e <lb/>f&ecedil;datam. Mox graui&longs;simus ca&longs;us perculit non modo profe&longs;&longs;ores, verùm etiam libros occultauit, <lb/>vt demum L. Syllæ beneficio libri Ari&longs;totelici po&longs;t aliquot &longs;æcula qua&longs;i reuixerint; eos habuit <lb/>M. Varro; tractauit etiam M. Tullius. Iterum afflicta e&longs;t illa <expan abbr="philo&longs;ophãdi">philo&longs;ophandi</expan> ratio, donec à So&longs;igene <lb/>Byzantij fuit propè à mortuis excitata. Sed eius extat &longs;ola memoria, ab <expan abbr="Alexãdro">Alexandro</expan> illius di&longs;cipulo <lb/>propagata <expan abbr="cõmentaria">commentaria</expan> nulla. Hinc &longs;ucce&longs;sit Alexander, cuius iudicium ita pr&ecedil;&longs;tans <expan abbr="habitũ">habitum</expan> e&longs;t, vt <lb/>nemo Ari&longs;totelicus exi&longs;timaretur, qui non e&longs;&longs;et Alexandr&ecedil;us. ignoratur <expan abbr="aut&etilde;">autem</expan> hic'ne an pr&ecedil;ceptor <lb/>eius So&longs;igenes <foreign lang="greek">u(pomnhmashsou_</foreign>, ide&longs;t <expan abbr="cõmentatoris">commentatoris</expan> nomine decoratus e&longs;&longs;et. Ab Alexandro The­<lb/>mi&longs;tius emanauit, <expan abbr="qu&etilde;">quem</expan> Metaphra&longs;ten maiores no&longs;tri vocarunt. Hinc Michaël Ephe&longs;ius v&longs;que ad <pb pagenum="41"/> <arrow.to.target n="marg393"></arrow.to.target><lb/>Theodorum Metochyten, quos Atticos, generatim dictos fui&longs;&longs;e coniicimus ab interprete tertij de <lb/>Anima, <expan abbr="qu&etilde;">quem</expan> &longs;ub Ioannis <expan abbr="Grãmatici">Grammatici</expan> nomine tractamus, &longs;ed ob&longs;eruarunt <expan abbr="nõnulli">nonnulli</expan> <expan abbr="Stephanũ">Stephanum</expan> e&longs;&longs;e & <lb/>ip&longs;um Ari&longs;totelis <expan abbr="interpret&etilde;">interpretem</expan>, &longs;ed cuias ip&longs;e fuerit è quo ordine, qua ætate nil certi &longs;uccurrit quod <lb/>affirmari valeat. Aliquanto ante hæc <expan abbr="t&etilde;pora">tempora</expan> di&longs;ciplinæ Alexandriæ excultæ &longs;unt <expan abbr="earũ">earum</expan> profe&longs;&longs;ores <lb/>Ammonij & <expan abbr="Grãmatici">Grammatici</expan>; atque illi quidem &longs;æpè doctori &longs;uo parùm amici. Ex interpretibus Ari­<lb/>&longs;totelis illi etiam Platoni dediti; ne&longs;cio verò tenuerint'ne; cùm è Gr&ecedil;cia pul&longs;i fuerint, Simplicius, <lb/>Pri&longs;cianus Lydus, & Olympiodorus; & hic <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> non valdè Ari&longs;toteli addictus. Inde ad Arabas di­<lb/>&longs;ciplina Peripatetica permanauit; apud hos Auerroës & Auicenna floruerunt; <expan abbr="quamquã">quamquam</expan> in Hi­<lb/>&longs;pania tenuere: pò&longs;t ad Britannos & Germanos; inter hos excelluit quamquam longo po&longs;t <expan abbr="t&etilde;-pore">ten­<lb/>pore</expan> Scotus. A Britannis & Germanis opera Karolimagni, qui Longobardis &longs;ubiugatis, & Italia <lb/>ab <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> tyrannide liberata, Romæ, Bononiæ, Ticini gymna&longs;ia publica erexit; philo&longs;ophia longo <lb/>temporis interuallo migrauit ad Italos: horum omnium Coryph&ecedil;us D. Thomas.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg378"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg379"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg380"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg381"></margin.target>a 1. ad Eu. <lb/>c. 3.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg382"></margin.target>b 1. De c&ecedil;­<lb/>lo T. 101.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg383"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg384"></margin.target>c 13. Met. <lb/>c. 1.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg385"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg386"></margin.target>d 1. Polit. <lb/>c. 9.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg387"></margin.target>e 1. ad Eu. <lb/>c. 1.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg388"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg389"></margin.target>a 1. De E­<lb/>lem</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg390"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg391"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg392"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg393"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Explicatur generatim, quo pacto &longs;cientiarum principia tractentur, & quam viam tenuerit <lb/>Ari&longs;toteles, dum veterum &longs;ententias de principijs conuellit. Cap. VII<emph.end type="italics"/>.<lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg394"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg394"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>CAETERVM &longs;ententiæ de rerum &longs;umma exi&longs;tunt, quippe quòd initia phy&longs;iologiæ per­<lb/>tentent, & ex his aliquæ &longs;ic labefactent, vt ip&longs;i nil planè relinquant, quo firmari po&longs;sit. <lb/>Quare con&longs;tituendum quippiam fuit quo phy&longs;icè in&longs;i&longs;teret. id ab Ari&longs;totele confectum fui&longs;&longs;e <lb/>&longs;cimus: &longs;ed qua ratione, qua via, & quatenus factitatum, non æquè con&longs;tat apud omnes. Igitur <lb/>antequàm cominus accedamus ad ea perpendenda quæ veteres philo&longs;ophi decreuerint, breui­<lb/>ter explicare præ&longs;tabit, quemadmodum &longs;cientiæ in &longs;uorum principiorum tractatione ver&longs;entur. <lb/>Ab iis verò exordium di&longs;putationis no&longs;træ ducetur quæ monuit <expan abbr="quondã">quondam</expan> nos Ari&longs;toteles in qua­<lb/>que qu&ecedil;&longs;tione ve&longs;tiganda. <emph type="sup"/>a<emph.end type="sup"/> Ea verò et&longs;i ad Geometriam ab ip&longs;o accommodantur, nihilominus </s></p> <p type="main"> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg395"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ad phy&longs;icen facilè tran&longs;umuntur. ita enim illa pr&ecedil;cepta traduntur, vt ab vnius <expan abbr="&longs;ci&etilde;tiæ">&longs;cientiæ</expan> progre&longs;&longs;u, <lb/>de omnibus idem fiat iudicium. Quamobrem è di&longs;putationibus qua&longs;dam naturales e&longs;&longs;e pone­<lb/>mus, alias autem <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> naturales, eas naturales appellamus quæ pendent ex principiis philo&longs;ophiæ <lb/>naturalis. Non naturales autem, vel quòd phy&longs;iologiæ principia non a&longs;&longs;umant, vel quòd iis ab­<lb/>utantur. Cùm tot modis tractentur qu&ecedil;&longs;tiones, illud ratum e&longs;&longs;e oportet, dum ver&longs;amur in &longs;cien­<lb/>tia naturali, de non naturalibus ab&longs;olutè nihil e&longs;&longs;e dicendum. Proinde etiam Plato quendam de <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg396"></arrow.to.target><lb/>rebus ad Geometriam <emph type="sup"/>b<emph.end type="sup"/> pertinentibus &longs;ci&longs;citantem mi&longs;it ad Euclidem, licere autem verba facere <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg397"></arrow.to.target><lb/>naturali philo&longs;opho de qu&ecedil;&longs;tionibus illis qu&ecedil; &longs;unt non naturales aliqua ex parte. Quocirca &longs;i di­<lb/>&longs;putationes naturales pendent è principiis &longs;cientiæ naturalis. contrà, cùm qu&ecedil;&longs;tiones de principiis <lb/>rerum naturalium non po&longs;sint e&longs;&longs;e ex hoc genere, neque ordine, & qu&ecedil;&longs;tiones igitur de principiis <lb/>rerum naturalium, erunt omnino non naturales. oportebit enim e&longs;&longs;e <expan abbr="principiorũ">principiorum</expan> principia, quod <lb/>&longs;cienti&ecedil; pror&longs;us aduer&longs;atur. Verùm fac incidere controuer&longs;iam de principiis huius methodi, cu­<lb/>ius'nam officium erit illa tractare? Profectò principia cuiu&longs;dam &longs;cientiæ, aut in alia principia re­<lb/>&longs;oluuntur, aut &longs;unt ab&longs;olutè prima. Rur&longs;us, &longs;i tractanda &longs;unt, aut ita illa tractare oportet, vt de­<lb/>mon&longs;trentur, aut vt re&longs;pondeamus ad obiectiones. Ac &longs;i ea demon&longs;trari contingat; aut per cau&longs;&longs;as <lb/>demon&longs;trantur, aut per nota nobis. In&longs;uper obiectiones ad quas re&longs;pondendum e&longs;t, aut pendent <lb/>ex illius &longs;cienti&ecedil; principiis, aut illa euertunt. Si igitur illis alia principia pr&ecedil;cedant, eorum proba­<lb/>tio pertinet ad eam &longs;cientiam quæ ver&longs;atur in notitia principiorum &longs;uperiorum, h&ecedil;c autem &longs;ub­<lb/>alternans à dialecticis appellatur. Si verò principia prima fuerint ab&longs;olutè, aut hæc euidentia per <lb/>&longs;e &longs;unt, ita vt &longs;olius &longs;en&longs;us auxilio note&longs;cant, aut &longs;i non adeò <expan abbr="cõ&longs;picua">con&longs;picua</expan> fuerint, nec demon&longs;trantur <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg398"></arrow.to.target><lb/>item; &longs;ed admonitione quadam per&longs;uadentur, ea verò communis e&longs;&longs;e cuique &longs;cientiæ pote&longs;t, aut <lb/>quanquam con&longs;picua, &longs;i negentur propter proteruientes vna redargutione confirmantur. id au­<lb/>tem præ&longs;tat habitus dialecticus. Generatim verò in illa &longs;cientia in qua tanquàm principia &longs;umun­<lb/>tur, ea &longs;upponi oportet, et &longs;i quo pacto tractentur, ita tractentur, vt aut declarentur per nota no­<lb/>bis, aut vt tollantur obiectiones, non omnes &longs;anè, &longs;ed illæ quæ è principiis eius &longs;cientiæ ducuntur. <lb/>Itaque aut vbi non &longs;upponantur phy&longs;iologi&ecedil; principia, aut afferantur rationes, qu&ecedil; ip&longs;a funditus <lb/>è medio tollant, non abutentes neque detorquentes illa, non erit munus philo&longs;ophi naturalis ea <lb/>tractare. Verùm &longs;i de principiis exi&longs;tant, aut erit &longs;ubalternantis officium, aut communis <expan abbr="cuiu&longs;dã">cuiu&longs;dam</expan>, <lb/>&longs;iue ea fuerit prima philo&longs;ophia, &longs;iue dialectica. Sed cùm &longs;cientiæ principia varia &longs;int, <expan abbr="varii&qacute;">variique</expan>. <lb/>&longs;cientiarum ordines: age nunc particulatim &longs;ingula percurramus, & ius <expan abbr="&longs;uũ">&longs;uum</expan> cuique &longs;cientiæ red­<lb/>dere nitamur. Quid verò controuer&longs;i&ecedil; &longs;it adhibitis hi&longs;ce di&longs;tinctionibus facilè intelligetur. <expan abbr="Nã">Nam</expan> ge­<lb/>nera <expan abbr="probationũ">probationum</expan> tripliciter di&longs;tribuimus. aut enim &longs;unt ex cau&longs;sis, aut ex effectis, aut ex notis no­<lb/>bis; quid <expan abbr="aut&etilde;">autem</expan> differat nota nobis ab effectibus anteà <expan abbr="dictũ">dictum</expan> e&longs;t. Pr&ecedil;tereà principia &longs;unt illa ex quib. <lb/>demon&longs;tramus, aut de quibus, i. ip&longs;a &longs;ubiecta. h&ecedil;c <expan abbr="aut&etilde;">autem</expan> vel generalia &longs;unt <expan abbr="cuiu&longs;dã">cuiu&longs;dam</expan> &longs;cienti&ecedil; totius, <lb/>vel propria cuiu&longs;dam partis, atque illa <expan abbr="quid&etilde;">quidem</expan> <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> principia partes <expan abbr="proprietates&qacute;">proprietatesque</expan>. ve&longs;tigantur. <pb pagenum="42"/>Atque iterum principia ex quibus <expan abbr="demõ&longs;tramus">demon&longs;tramus</expan>, aut cognitionis initia &longs;unt, aut rei. in principiis <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg399"></arrow.to.target><lb/>cognitionis &longs;unt axiomata <expan abbr="cõmunia">communia</expan>, hypothe&longs;es, & quædam nota nobis quæ petuntur à &longs;en&longs;u. <lb/>Principia rei &longs;unt definitiones & cau&longs;&longs;æ, vel totius &longs;ubiecti, vel partium eius. Ex his <expan abbr="aut&etilde;">autem</expan> illa quæ <lb/>&longs;unt nota nobis ad inuentionis potius quàm cognitionis initia referuntur. ac &longs;i cognitionis initia <lb/>libeat appellare, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> idcirco debent in methodo tractari. <emph type="sup"/>a<emph.end type="sup"/> <expan abbr="&longs;iquid&etilde;">&longs;iquidem</expan> &longs;int vulgo noti&longs;sima; ars <expan abbr="aut&etilde;">autem</expan> & <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg400"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;cientia quæque ver&longs;etur in iis quæ vulgo latent, neque in euidentibus tractandis <expan abbr="operã">operam</expan> ludat. & <lb/>Ari&longs;toteles hæc <emph type="sup"/>b<emph.end type="sup"/> <expan abbr="ead&etilde;">eadem</expan> <expan abbr="cõ&longs;tituit">con&longs;tituit</expan> <expan abbr="tanquã">tanquam</expan> præcedentia cognitioni <expan abbr="primorũ">primorum</expan> principioru: quapropter <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg401"></arrow.to.target><lb/>re uera non &longs;unt &longs;cientiæ principia. quocirca à nob. optimo iure omittentur. <expan abbr="Ideo&qacute;">Ideoque</expan>. dum &longs;cruta­<lb/>bimur po&longs;sint'ne &longs;cientiæ tractare &longs;ua principia, definitiones, & axiomata &longs;olum, & cau&longs;&longs;as; cùm <lb/>&longs;ubiecti totius, tùm eius partium <expan abbr="cõplectemur">complectemur</expan>, <expan abbr="ea&qacute;">eaque</expan>. cum triplici probationis genere conferemus. <lb/>Po&longs;tremò cùm principia &longs;umi po&longs;sint, vt illa quibus accidit e&longs;&longs;e principia, aut etiam cum habi­<lb/>tudine ad ea quorum principia &longs;unt, vtrunque caput in controuer&longs;iam reuocare volumus. Sed <lb/>enim illud præc&ecedil;teris &longs;tatuendum e&longs;&longs;e videtur neminem v&longs;quam aggredi &longs;cientiam, quin iam <lb/>animo præoccuparit aliquas e&longs;&longs;e cau&longs;&longs;as & eorum principia quorum &longs;cientiam quærit. Nam qui <lb/>&longs;cientiam per&longs;equitur, is certè in cau&longs;&longs;arum notitiam contendit. Nec etiam vulgò ignotum: <lb/><emph type="sup"/>c<emph.end type="sup"/> &longs;cire e&longs;&longs;e rem ex cau&longs;&longs;a cogno&longs;cere. proptereà dixit aliquando Ari&longs;toteles, <emph type="sup"/>d<emph.end type="sup"/> &longs;cientiæ & <arrow.to.target n="marg402"></arrow.to.target> ratio­<lb/><lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg403"></arrow.to.target><lb/>cinationi cau&longs;&longs;as &longs;upponi quæ quæruntur. <emph type="sup"/>e<emph.end type="sup"/> <expan abbr="idem&qacute;">idemque</expan>. inuectus e&longs;t in Parmenidem & Meli&longs;&longs;um, <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg404"></arrow.to.target><lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg405"></arrow.to.target><lb/>quia naturam principij tollerent. quòd hæc hypothe&longs;is mirum in modum &longs;cientiæ leges euertat. <lb/>Idcirco vereor ne Theophra&longs;tus <emph type="sup"/>f<emph.end type="sup"/> parum aptè collegerit e&longs;&longs;e principia, <expan abbr="&longs;imul&qacute;">&longs;imulque</expan>. hoc <expan abbr="officiũ">officium</expan> <arrow.to.target n="marg406"></arrow.to.target> phy­<lb/><lb/>&longs;ico delegarit, ita enim ratiocinatur. Compo&longs;ita &longs;unt. Compo&longs;ita con&longs;tant è principijs. Et prin­<lb/>cipia &longs;unt igitur. Quis enim non per&longs;picit id concludi, quod accipitur? dum enim compo&longs;ita <expan abbr="cõ-cipio">con­<lb/>cipio</expan>, principia quoque componentia cogito. Nec cur id officium phy&longs;ici &longs;it. pror&longs;us &longs;cio. quip­<lb/>pe quòd eadem ratione po&longs;&longs;et vti mathematicus. ac primus philo&longs;ophus, & omnis artifex, dum <lb/>ponit qui&longs;que &longs;ubiectum, cuius principia, partes, <expan abbr="affectiones&qacute;">affectionesque</expan>. venetur. Itaque ratio communis <lb/>e&longs;t, nec è principiis rei ducta, nec demon&longs;tratiua; nec phy&longs;ica igitur. Verùm quia po&longs;&longs;et qui&longs;piam <lb/>repugnare dicens, quamuis id ad phy&longs;icum non pertineat; e&longs;&longs;e nihilominus habitum quendam <lb/>qui tractet ita principia, vt doceat aliqua e&longs;&longs;e ex quibus con&longs;tent demon&longs;trationes. Monet Sim­<lb/>plicius nullum habitum exi&longs;tere qui hoc munere fungatur. Neque verò nece&longs;&longs;arium e&longs;&longs;e, quòd <lb/>&longs;ua cuique &longs;upponantur. Et illud per&longs;picuum e&longs;t in naturali philo&longs;ophia <expan abbr="cõpo&longs;ita">compo&longs;ita</expan> e&longs;&longs;e <expan abbr="eorum&qacute;">eorumque</expan>. <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e principia, & philo&longs;ophiam naturalem habere principia. quocirca nec illius <expan abbr="notitiã">notitiam</expan> &longs;ine prin­<lb/>cipiorum cognitione haberi po&longs;&longs;e. & &longs;tatim conuertere &longs;e &longs;cientiam ad exquirendum qualis &longs;it <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg407"></arrow.to.target><lb/>principiorum vis; vt quamuis quæ&longs;tio &longs;it'ne res, anteponenda &longs;it: nihilominus ea non requira­<lb/>tur in omnibus, &longs;ed in iis quæ &longs;int, nec'ne ignoratur. Atqui principia no&longs;cuntur. Veruntamen <lb/>finge tu nunc ignorari principia, neque itidem ad phy&longs;icam pertinebit eorum explicatio, &longs;ed ad <lb/>aliam methodum. C&ecedil;terùm ni&longs;i h&ecedil;c in bonam partem accipiantur nec rectè contra Theophra­<lb/>&longs;tum inferuntur, nec progre&longs;&longs;um Ari&longs;totelis admodum &longs;eruant. Hæc enim quæ a&longs;&longs;umit Simpli­<lb/>cius, &longs;i transferantur ad &longs;ignificandum certa principia, v. g. formam, aut finem; nihil id ad rem <lb/>no&longs;tram, qui cum Theophra&longs;to de ratione principij di&longs;putamus: nec quærimus &longs;it ne forma, aut <lb/>finis; &longs;ed vtrum principia &longs;int ab&longs;olutè nec'ne. quod nos in omni methodo, vt per&longs;picuum &longs;umi <lb/>defendimus. Quòd &longs;i Simplicius principij rationem accipiat; etiam fallit quandò item ratio prin­<lb/>cipij demon&longs;tretur; vt cùm prima contraria concluditur e&longs;&longs;e principia. Quocirca ratio principij, <lb/>nec à phy&longs;ico, nec à primo philo&longs;opho, aut dialectico, nec demum in vlla methodo peragetur <lb/>quæ &longs;implici quæ&longs;tione colligatur; &longs;iquidem natura per &longs;e, dum ingenuit &longs;ciendi cupidinem, <lb/>excitat nos ad ob&longs;curarum rerum cau&longs;&longs;as indagandas, & ita notitiam cuiu&longs;dam principij quod <lb/>inquirendum &longs;it, &longs;ubmini&longs;trat. Verùm principij rationem veluti complexum concludi nil pro­<lb/>hibet. Nec quicquam vetat, quominus opiner eam tractationem à philo&longs;opho confici po&longs;&longs;e; & <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg408"></arrow.to.target><lb/>quamquam methodum ita &longs;uorum principiorum rationem habere, &longs;i oporteat. Mox ad ip&longs;a <lb/>principia tran&longs;eamus. Quia verò tonus &longs;cientiæ &longs;ubiectum vt ba&longs;is e&longs;t eorum omnium quæ in <lb/>&longs;cientia tractantur, & id quo vniuer&longs;a referuntur, & cuius gratia reliqua &longs;pectari debent, de illo <lb/>primùm di&longs;&longs;eramus. In primis verò accipimus &longs;cientiam &longs;ubiecto definiri & ab ip&longs;o &longs;ic determi­<lb/>nari, vt illius gratia cuncta di&longs;quirantur. quia primum pellit &longs;en&longs;um, & animo de&longs;iderium &longs;uæ <lb/>cognitionIs incutit. Porrò dum quidpiam no&longs;cere volumus, con&longs;ectamur quid & cuiu&longs;modi &longs;it. <lb/>illud definitione conficitur. hoc ab&longs;oluit demon&longs;tratio. Quare definitiones & demon&longs;trationes <lb/>illò tendunt, vt ip&longs;arum auxilio no&longs;catur &longs;ubiectum. v&longs;que adeò, vt tamet&longs;i methodus rem quæ <lb/>&longs;en&longs;ibus &longs;e&longs;e obtulerit, in &longs;ua principia re&longs;oluat & vbi re&longs;oluerit, ibi demum quie&longs;cat; at non ce&longs;­<lb/>&longs;at mens, quin reditu quodam facto cau&longs;&longs;as re&longs;olutione inuentas applicet ad id quod anteà quæ <lb/>rebatur. Hoc igitur non modò ignotum &longs;impliciter e&longs;&longs;e nequit, &longs;ed neque etiam omni ex parte <lb/>notum. &longs;iquidem aliquod &longs;en&longs;ile, <expan abbr="id&qacute;">idque</expan>. noti&longs;simum nobis pro &longs;ubiecto &longs;umatur nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t, vt ad <lb/>&longs;ui di&longs;qui&longs;itionem excitet mentem no&longs;tram, ac ni&longs;i tale fuerit, non rectè con&longs;tituetur &longs;ubiectum. <pb pagenum="43"/> <arrow.to.target n="marg409"></arrow.to.target><lb/>Proinde ens & &longs;ub&longs;tantia mobilis & quantum, quia noti&longs;sima nobis vt &longs;ubiecta ponuntur, & eo­<lb/>rum principia <expan abbr="proprietates&qacute;">proprietatesque</expan>. ve&longs;tigantur. Nec vlla methodus e&longs;t, quæ non accipiat aut vnum ex <lb/>his, aut eius aliquam partem, aut ip&longs;orum aliquid &longs;eu proprium, &longs;eu principium. Neque verò &longs;ic <lb/>nota e&longs;&longs;e oportet ea, quæ &longs;cientiarum &longs;ubiecta facimus, vt &longs;ingulæ illorum partes nece&longs;&longs;ariò te­<lb/>neantur: neque &longs;ic totius &longs;cientiæ &longs;ubiectum con&longs;tituitur: verùm &longs;at e&longs;t, &longs;i cogno&longs;catur e&longs;&longs;e &longs;im­<lb/>pliciter, ita &longs;ub&longs;tantiam e&longs;&longs;e &longs;impliciter nouimus, etiam &longs;i vna aut altera &longs;ub&longs;tantia cogno&longs;catur à <lb/>nobis quia demptis indiuidui conditionibus vniuer&longs;alibus &longs;ub&longs;tantia remanet. Itaque ex illo <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb/>quòd &longs;i non omnia; &longs;altem aliqua moueantur; motum quoque e&longs;&longs;e colligitur. item <expan abbr="a&longs;&longs;ecurandũ">a&longs;&longs;ecurandum</expan> <lb/>e&longs;t de quanto, quod &longs;ine actu cognitione partium poni pote&longs;t, vt &longs;ubiectum. Ea po&longs;tmodo quæ <lb/>ignota &longs;unt, &longs;iue partes, &longs;eu principia, &longs;iue proprietates in methodo &longs;uis viis & ingeniis exquirun­<lb/>tur, de quibus mox agendum e&longs;t. Et de proprietatibus non e&longs;t dubitandum, quin ip&longs;arum <expan abbr="demõ-&longs;tratio">demon­<lb/>&longs;tratio</expan> &longs;it afferenda; quæ quidem fit vel propter quid &longs;olum, &longs;i &longs;en&longs;ui nota &longs;it, vel propter quid <lb/>& quòd fit, &longs;i fugiat &longs;en&longs;um. cau&longs;&longs;as enim habent, cur in&longs;int in &longs;ubiecto. Partes &longs;anè multis mo­<lb/>dis accipiuntur in methodis. vel vt &longs;ubiectum, &longs;icut animal &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ naturalis, vel vt pars eius <lb/>quod e&longs;t ad vnum, velut accidens ad ens. & c&ecedil;lum ad reliqua corpora &longs;implicia, vel vt pars me­<lb/>thodi, quia &longs;cilicet in aliqua eius parte proponatur ad examinandum, velut ortus qui duobus li­<lb/>bris &longs;epararis explicatur, licet referatur ad &longs;ub&longs;tantiam quæ phy&longs;icæ totius e&longs;t &longs;ubiectum. huius <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg410"></arrow.to.target><lb/>generis e&longs;&longs;e queunt ea quæ non &longs;unt, vt inane, lineæ in &longs;ectiles, infinitum, & huiu&longs;modi. Sed quo­<lb/>modocunque pars accipiatur de illa controuer&longs;ia na&longs;citur inter Auerrois interpretes propter re­<lb/>pugnantiam quæ in eius philo&longs;ophi verbis deprehenditur. Nam <expan abbr="quando&qacute;">quandoque</expan>. concedit Auerroës <lb/>pattes &longs;ubiecti in eadem &longs;cientia po&longs;&longs;e demon&longs;trari. <emph type="sup"/>a<emph.end type="sup"/> Vnde etiam &longs;ummus philo&longs;ophus ignem <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg411"></arrow.to.target><lb/>e&longs;&longs;e aliquando concludebat. <emph type="sup"/>b<emph.end type="sup"/> Tamen alibi negat in &longs;cientia demon&longs;trati po&longs;&longs;e &longs;ubiectum, eiusúe <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg412"></arrow.to.target><lb/>partes. <emph type="sup"/>c<emph.end type="sup"/> Priorem &longs;ententiam Zimara defendebat. neque ip&longs;i videbatur ab&longs;urdum, partes <arrow.to.target n="marg413"></arrow.to.target> &longs;ubie­<lb/><lb/>cti vbi fui&longs;&longs;ent ignot&ecedil;, cùm <expan abbr="habeãt">habeant</expan> aliquid &longs;eip&longs;is notius, aut proprium, aut cau&longs;&longs;am, vel ex cau&longs;&longs;a, <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg414"></arrow.to.target><lb/>vel ex effectu demon&longs;trari. Corroborarunt alij Zimaræ &longs;ententiam nonnullis argumentis. In­<lb/>quiunt enim. Siquis &longs;it ad quem perrineat o&longs;tendere rem e&longs;&longs;e, ad eundem quoque &longs;pectare o&longs;ten­<lb/>dere quid &longs;it. Sed ad geometram verbig. pertinet con&longs;iderare, &longs;it'ne triangulus qui pars e&longs;t, &longs;eu <lb/>&longs;pecies &longs;ubiecti. Ergo etiam ip&longs;e docebit quid &longs;it. Si igitur illi &longs;ciendum e&longs;t, &longs;it'ne triangulus; <expan abbr="id&etilde;">idem</expan> <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg415"></arrow.to.target><lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg416"></arrow.to.target><lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg417"></arrow.to.target><lb/>quoque &longs;ciet quid &longs;it. Atqui hæc cognitio e&longs;t à priori & ex cau&longs;&longs;a. Prætereà definitio pote&longs;t e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>nota aliqua ex parte, quamuis definitum &longs;it ignotum. Ergo definitum ex definitione demon&longs;tra­<lb/>bitur. & ex cau&longs;&longs;a igitur. Quòd item ex effectu partem &longs;ubiecti demon&longs;trare liceat, Ari&longs;totelis au­<lb/>ctoritate confirmatur qui docet nos po&longs;&longs;e no&longs;cere rem e&longs;&longs;e, vel per &longs;e, vel per accidens, ide&longs;t quan­<lb/>do fuerint nota nobis euentu rei propo&longs;itæ. permulta verò huiu&longs;ce progre&longs;&longs;us exempla &longs;ubiicere <lb/>po&longs;&longs;em. vt cùm ignem e&longs;&longs;e probatur ex eo quòd terra &longs;it & e&longs;&longs;e mentem agentem, quia &longs;it pote­<lb/>&longs;tate mens. Sed opponam ego huic &longs;ententiæ rationem Ari&longs;totelis ita concludentis. <emph type="sup"/>d<emph.end type="sup"/> Si <arrow.to.target n="marg418"></arrow.to.target> demon­<lb/><lb/>&longs;traretur e&longs;&longs;e &longs;ubiectum; ergo & quid e&longs;t &longs;ubiectum demon&longs;trari po&longs;&longs;et. Sed quid e&longs;t demon&longs;tra­<lb/>tioni non e&longs;t obnoxium. Nec quòd fit igitur. Quapropter, vt cum Ari&longs;totele con&longs;entiamus & <lb/>Auerroëm purgare po&longs;simus; accipiemus primùm nullum e&longs;&longs;e genus demon&longs;trationis quo &longs;im­<lb/>pliciter aliquid e&longs;&longs;e probari po&longs;sit. Et quamuis à definitione progrediamur ad definitum; nec id <lb/>etiam vel auctore Auerroë genus e&longs;t argumentationis, &longs;ed numeratur in admonitionibus. &longs;iqui­<lb/>dem in ip&longs;a definitione rei definiendæ natura &longs;tatim appareat: cùm idem &longs;int definitio & defini­<lb/>tum, &longs;ed in definito natura ip&longs;ius <expan abbr="cõfu&longs;a">confu&longs;a</expan> &longs;pectetur, in definitione verò di&longs;tincta & euoluta in &longs;uas <lb/>partes. Ac &longs;iquis e&longs;t proce&longs;&longs;us rationis in definitione, is e&longs;t à parte definitionis ad partem, vt à ge­<lb/>nere ad differentias & à partibus ad totam definitionem. & &longs;i rectè animaduertas, e&longs;t via &longs;eu me­<lb/>thodus, non in&longs;trumentum cognitionis. Demum omni genere &longs;yllogi&longs;mi &longs;impliciter excluditur <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg419"></arrow.to.target><lb/>definitio, per &longs;e. Sed neque demon&longs;tratione ab effectu concludi pote&longs;t quæ&longs;tio &longs;implex. &longs;iquidem <lb/>id quod demon&longs;tratione concluditur, vt in alio concluditur, & efficit quæ&longs;tionem complexam. <lb/>Re&longs;tat igitur, vt quæ&longs;tio &longs;implex ab&longs;oluatur &longs;yllogi&longs;mo quem diximus hypotheticum per natu­<lb/>ram. Quapropter ad ea quæ aduer&longs;arij dicebant, ita re&longs;pondemus. Primùm notantes accipi falsò <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg420"></arrow.to.target><lb/>vbi procedimus à definitione ad definitum, e&longs;&longs;e genus argumentandi; &longs;ed euolutionem &longs;olam & <lb/>di&longs;tinctionem definiti in &longs;uas partes. <emph type="sup"/>e<emph.end type="sup"/> Similiter quòd à parte definitionis ad definitum <arrow.to.target n="marg421"></arrow.to.target> &longs;yllogi­<lb/><lb/>&longs;ticè progrediamur. id quoque nego. Et no&longs;cimus quidem e&longs;&longs;e rem, vel per &longs;e vel per accidens; <lb/>nec tamen per &longs;yllogi&longs;mum &longs;impliciter. Quod verò ad repugnantiam pertinet quæ ex verbis <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg422"></arrow.to.target><lb/>Auerrois exoritur, eam facilè tollo; quoniam 4. de c&ecedil;lo probationem non &longs;impliciter accipit, <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg423"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;ed quemcunque rationis progre&longs;&longs;um quem nos tum e&longs;&longs;e dicimus &longs;yllogi&longs;mum hypotheticum <lb/>per naturam; 6. verò Met. dicimus ip&longs;um &longs;yllogi&longs;mum &longs;impliciter ei denegare. Succedunt his <lb/>principia cognitionis quæ dicimus axiomata. Hæc &longs;anè nullum genus demon&longs;trationis admit­<lb/>tunt, quia nihil habent neque prius &longs;eip&longs;is, neque notius, neque natura, neque nobis Habent <expan abbr="qui-d&etilde;">qui­<lb/>dem</expan> axiomata principia <expan abbr="qu&ecedil;dã">qu&ecedil;dam</expan> inuentionis, ip&longs;a &longs;cilicet &longs;en&longs;ilia & &longs;ingularia è quibus colliguntur. <pb pagenum="44"/> <arrow.to.target n="marg424"></arrow.to.target><lb/>Siquis tamen illa neget, proteruiens potius quàm quòd iis fidem non habeat; dicimus e&longs;&longs;e mu­<lb/>nus artificis communis, &longs;eu dialecticus &longs;it, &longs;eu primus philo&longs;ophus; redarguere &longs;olùm ea negan­<lb/>tem, neque vllo modo demon&longs;trare, quippe quòd omnino &longs;int indemon&longs;trabilia. Qua vérò id ra­<lb/>tione efficiatur, hac facta partitione cogno&longs;cemus. Scire enim licet, inter axiomata vnum e&longs;&longs;e, <lb/>quod e&longs;t omnium primum & principium c&ecedil;terorum pronuntiatorum, <emph type="sup"/>a<emph.end type="sup"/> nec quidem, vt cau&longs;&longs;am; <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg425"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;ed vt per &longs;e noti&longs;simum. De quolibet verum e&longs;&longs;e a&longs;&longs;erere, aut negare. Ex hoc <expan abbr="aut&etilde;">autem</expan> reliqua axio­<lb/>mata fidem &longs;umere. Philo&longs;opho igitur nulla via &longs;uccurrit qua primum illud confirmet. Itaque <lb/>&longs;ubuenit philo&longs;opho dialecticus, & ea ratione confirmat deducendo neganter in ab&longs;urda, repu­<lb/>gnantia, nugas,s&scon&longs;imiles &longs;copos qui &longs;unt dialectici. Hoc principio &longs;tabilito c&ecedil;terorum proba­<lb/>tionem &longs;u&longs;cipit. Primus philo&longs;ophus quæ &longs;ic confirmat, vt eò deducat aduer&longs;arium quod fieri <lb/>nequit, id verò e&longs;t quod opponitur illi primo principio. Nam &longs;iquis &longs;iquis exemplig. neget. Quæ vni <lb/>tertiò &longs;imilia &longs;unt, inter &longs;e quoque e&longs;&longs;e &longs;imilia. dicet primus philo&longs;ophus. Si minus; ergo inter &longs;e <lb/>&longs;imilia non e&longs;&longs;ent. quare nec illi eidem &longs;imilia erunt, &longs;ed di&longs;similia. Quapropter eadem eidem <lb/>&longs;imilia erunt & non &longs;imilia. Sic de quolibet non erit verum a&longs;&longs;erere & negare, quod & euiden­<lb/>ti&longs;simè fal&longs;um e&longs;t, & nullo modo fieri pote&longs;t. & hac ratione reliquarum &longs;cientiarum principia <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg426"></arrow.to.target><lb/>probantur. Nec ob id te &longs;u&longs;picari velim, <expan abbr="primã">primam</expan> philo&longs;ophiam c&ecedil;teras &longs;cientias &longs;ibi &longs;ubalternas ef­<lb/>ficere, &longs;i illarum principia probet. Neque enim omne genus probationis con&longs;tituit gradum &longs;ubal­<lb/>terni; &longs;ed vbi procedat ex cau&longs;sis, quod in no&longs;tra hypothe&longs;i non v&longs;uuenit. Deinde moneo prin­<lb/>cipia noti&longs;sima non &longs;ic à philo&longs;opho tractari, quia contracta &longs;int ad cuiu&longs;piam cert&ecedil; &longs;cienti&ecedil; &longs;ub­<lb/>iectum, vt in quaque &longs;cientia &longs;umi debent, accipiuntur enim &longs;ecundum analogiam, <emph type="sup"/>b<emph.end type="sup"/> vt no&longs;ti; &longs;ed <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg427"></arrow.to.target><lb/>quibus ine&longs;t per accidens, vt contracta ad certa &longs;ubiecta fiant principia c&ecedil;terarum &longs;cientiarum. <lb/>Ex his &longs;oluere licet Eudemi dubitationem qui &longs;ic argumentabatur. Cùm probatio principiorum <lb/>ad nullam &longs;cientiam &longs;pectet, &longs;ed aut ad &longs;uperiorem, aut ad communem quampiam. Si ponamus <lb/>illa in &longs;uperiore aut communi nota non e&longs;&longs;e. Nec igitur hæ &longs;cientiæ &longs;ua principia confirmare po­<lb/>terunt. quare ad aliam illas confugere oportebit. Aut igitur in infinitum hoc fiet; <expan abbr="ideo&qacute;">ideoque</expan>. efficie­<lb/>tur, vt nullius rei &longs;cientia e&longs;&longs;e po&longs;sit, aut aliqua &longs;cientia poterit &longs;ua principia probare contrà <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> <lb/>con&longs;tituerit Ari&longs;toteles, inquiens. Nulli de principiis. <emph type="sup"/>d<emph.end type="sup"/> Nanque, vt etiam te&longs;tatur Simplicius <arrow.to.target n="marg428"></arrow.to.target> re­<lb/><lb/>&longs;pondens ad Eudemum, h&ecedil;c &longs;cientia perueniet ad ea quæ per &longs;e nota &longs;unt, quæ nemo fan&ecedil; mentis <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg429"></arrow.to.target><lb/>vnquàm negaret ni&longs;i proteruiens, in quem &longs;ic inuehetur, vt paullò antè docuimus. Secundum ab <lb/>axiomate locum hypothe&longs;es obtinent, quas ab axiomate differre nouimus, quòd axioma de do­<lb/>mo affertur, h&ecedil; tanti&longs;per illi cedentes præmon&longs;tratorem de&longs;iderant, &longs;ed tamen vt primùm decla­<lb/>rantur, credit auditor eas aut communes e&longs;&longs;e accepimus in vniuer&longs;a &longs;cientia, cuiu&longs;modi illa e&longs;t. <lb/>Statuatur omnia aut qu&ecedil;dam moueri; aut &longs;peciales, & ad probationem cuiu&longs;piam certæ conclu­<lb/>&longs;ionis in ea facultate &longs;umi, attamen ip&longs;as per &longs;e demon&longs;trari po&longs;&longs;e; vt &longs;i infinitum non e&longs;&longs;e pona­<lb/>mus cum Anaxagora di&longs;&longs;erentes de naturæ principiis, quod po&longs;teà pluribus tran&longs;igendum &longs;it. <lb/>C&ecedil;terùm &longs;i communes fuerint, per &longs;en&longs;um note&longs;cunt, quemadmodum reliqua principia de qui­<lb/>bus &longs;uprà dictum e&longs;t. <emph type="sup"/>e<emph.end type="sup"/> Quòd &longs;i non &longs;ufficiat &longs;en&longs;us, aut quoquo pacto negentur, earum <arrow.to.target n="marg430"></arrow.to.target> proba­<lb/><lb/>tio pertinet ad aliam methodum, &longs;iue ea communis &longs;it, &longs;iue habeat illam, &longs;ubalterna. vtputa ma­<lb/>thematicus accipit à phy&longs;ico in infinitum diuidi po&longs;&longs;e continuum. Si verò fuerint &longs;peciales & <lb/>&longs;cientiæ partem re&longs;piciant; non video, cur in eadem &longs;cientia probari non po&longs;sint. Nam prius ali­<lb/>quid habent in illa &longs;cientia ex quo demon&longs;trari queant. Itaque non de illis ad aliam facultatem <lb/>quæ&longs;tio reuocari debet, &longs;ed de principiis illius primis, &longs;i fortè negentur, iis po&longs;itis reliqua ex illis <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg431"></arrow.to.target><lb/>nece&longs;&longs;ariò con&longs;equuntur. Ad hoc tamen dialecticen valere non nego. nullis enim cancellis coër­<lb/>cetur; &longs;ed ex datis procedens, aditum habet ad quodlibet problema; atque ita latè patet, vt &longs;iquis <lb/>principia primo philo&longs;opho negaret, facultas illa probandi &longs;uppeteret dialectico. Neque enim <lb/>illos audiendos e&longs;&longs;e puto qui æqualem ambitum dialectico & primo philo&longs;opho concedunt, <lb/>quòd vtrique de ente &longs;peculentur. &longs;iquidem non &longs;eruant eandem proportionem vtriu&longs;que me­<lb/>thodi vires. cùm tamet&longs;i primus philo&longs;ophus de ente di&longs;&longs;erit, accipiat tamen ip&longs;um terminis qui­<lb/>bu&longs;dam & certa con&longs;iderandi ratione definitum, itaque definitus habet quæ&longs;tiones. contrà dia­<lb/>lecticus omne ens peruagatur, nullis certis quæ&longs;tionibus ad&longs;tringitur. idcirco non minus di&longs;tat <lb/>dialectica à prima philo&longs;ophia, quàm à reliquis &longs;cientiis. &longs;ed &longs;i id præ&longs;tare pote&longs;t eadem &longs;cientia, <lb/>cur opem dialectici implorare debemus? Quod igitur ad cognitionis principia pertinet, ita <expan abbr="cõ-&longs;titutum">con­<lb/>&longs;titutum</expan> &longs;it. Reliquum modò e&longs;t, vt principia rei conficiamus. Porrò principia rei cau&longs;&longs;as <expan abbr="defi-nitiones&qacute;">defi­<lb/>nitionesque</expan>. complectuntur. <expan abbr="eas&qacute;">easque</expan>. cùm generales, tùm item &longs;peciales. De generalibus di&longs;&longs;erens <lb/>Auerroës <emph type="sup"/>f<emph.end type="sup"/> eas di&longs;tribuit in primas, & pror&longs;us in demon&longs;trabiles, & illas quarum aliæ cau&longs;&longs;æ <arrow.to.target n="marg432"></arrow.to.target> prio­<lb/><lb/>res extent. Si primæ fuerint, putat eas ex effectibus o&longs;tendi po&longs;&longs;e; nos agamus communius, & <lb/>dicamus ex notis nobis, quòd &longs;i in alias &longs;uperiores cau&longs;&longs;as re&longs;oluantur; propter quid ip&longs;æ &longs;int, <pb pagenum="45"/> <arrow.to.target n="marg433"></arrow.to.target><lb/>explicare munus e&longs;&longs;e &longs;uperioris &longs;cientiæ. Veruntamen inuehebantur in Auerroëm viri graui&longs;si­<lb/>mi ita opponentes. Primùm quòd non ex cau&longs;sis efficiatur &longs;cientia principiorum. Cùm enim <lb/>&longs;cire quòd e&longs;t, & &longs;cire cur e&longs;t ita &longs;e habeant, at aliquando in eadem &longs;cientia vterque &longs;ciendi mo­<lb/>dus habeatur, nonnunquàm verò &longs;cire quòd res e&longs;t, &longs;it inferioris &longs;cientiæ, cur autem &longs;uperioris. <lb/>Si in eadem &longs;cientia &longs;int, quòd e&longs;t & cur e&longs;t, patet reditum fieri po&longs;&longs;e à demon&longs;tratione, quòd e&longs;t <lb/>ad demon&longs;trationem cur &longs;it. Non igitur ex alia &longs;cientia <expan abbr="demon&longs;tration&etilde;">demon&longs;trationem</expan> cur e&longs;t, petere cogemur: <lb/>&longs;ed vna <expan abbr="eadem&qacute;">eademque</expan>. &longs;cientia vtraque hæc munera præ&longs;tabit. Quòd &longs;i &longs;inguli &longs;ciendi modi pertineant <lb/>ad &longs;ingulas &longs;cientias, neque item cum vero con&longs;onabit id quod dicit Auerroës. Quoniam &longs;cire <lb/>quòd res e&longs;t maximè pertinet ad eam <expan abbr="&longs;ci&etilde;tiam">&longs;cientiam</expan> in qua docetur cur e&longs;t. Cùm igitur accipiat Auer­<lb/>roës ip&longs;um cur e&longs;t ad &longs;uperiorem &longs;cientiam pertinere; & ip&longs;um quòd e&longs;t, igitur ad eandem &longs;cien­<lb/>tiam pertinebit. Neque item ex effectiş o&longs;tendi queunt principia &longs;ubiecti. Signo illud e&longs;to. &longs;iqui­<lb/>dem o&longs;tendere quòd res &longs;it, &longs;it o&longs;tendere cau&longs;&longs;am quòd &longs;it. Verùm &longs;i &longs;cientia cau&longs;&longs;am e&longs;&longs;e demon­<lb/>&longs;traret, po&longs;&longs;et item retrocedendo cau&longs;&longs;am eiu&longs;dem o&longs;tendere. Itaque &longs;cientia &longs;ubalterna po&longs;&longs;et <lb/>docere, cur e&longs;&longs;ent &longs;ua principia, oppo&longs;itum verò pronuntiabat Auerroës. Sed mirandum e&longs;t ho­<lb/>mines bene doctos in re tam ludicra lap&longs;os e&longs;&longs;e, & &longs;ophi&longs;mate leui&longs;simo ita &longs;e&longs;e implica&longs;&longs;e. quan­<lb/>doquidem et&longs;i in eadem &longs;cientia continetur vterque &longs;ciendi modus: at non idcirco pote&longs;t inferri <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg434"></arrow.to.target><lb/>etiam principia cogno&longs;ci cur &longs;int. Neque enim &longs;ic intelligitur vtrunque &longs;ciendi modum referri <lb/>ad eandem rem, vt accipitur in obiectione: &longs;ed quòd vnius &longs;it &longs;cientia quòd e&longs;t, alterius <expan abbr="aut&etilde;">autem</expan> cur. <lb/>Quemadmodum &longs;e habent propè e&longs;&longs;e & non &longs;cintillare. quòd ex eo quòd non &longs;cintillent noui­<lb/>mus e&longs;&longs;e propè: ex eo quòd &longs;int propè nouimus quamobrem <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> &longs;cintillant: non autem, quia no­<lb/>uimus ab effectu quòd propè &longs;int, idcirco etiam nouimus cur propè &longs;int. Cùm &longs;ecundo loco affer­<lb/>tur. Neque id euenire, vbi diuer&longs;a &longs;it &longs;cientia qua cogno&longs;cimus cur e&longs;t ab ea qua nouimus quòd <lb/>e&longs;t. quoniam, dum cogno&longs;cimus cur e&longs;t, &longs;imul item nouimus e&longs;&longs;e rem. Dicimus ip&longs;um, quòd e&longs;t <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e duplex, aut quod e&longs;t notum nobis &longs;en&longs;u & per accidens, aut quod e&longs;t per &longs;e notum & per <lb/>cau&longs;&longs;as. quod notum nobis e&longs;t, vt &longs;en&longs;u & experientia notuerit, in alia &longs;cientia & in arte plerun­<lb/>que con&longs;picuum e&longs;t, quòd ars tractet &longs;en&longs;ilia; cau&longs;&longs;a ad &longs;uperiorem &longs;cientiam pertinet. & de hoc <lb/>&longs;ciendi modo agebat Auerroës. Vbi tertiò dicitur o&longs;tendere quòd e&longs;t e&longs;&longs;e o&longs;tendere cau&longs;&longs;am quòd <lb/>&longs;it. Id non videtur perpetuò verum, &longs;ed valebit &longs;olùm in cau&longs;&longs;am habentibus. Nam &longs;iqua &longs;it pri­<lb/>ma cau&longs;&longs;a &longs;impliciter, vbi ad illam re&longs;oluendo peruenero & nouero quòd &longs;it: at non idcirco <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg435"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;ic e&longs;&longs;e nouero, quia nouerim eius aliquam e&longs;&longs;e cau&longs;&longs;am; &longs;ed quia per &longs;e nota &longs;it. Aut erit cogni­<lb/>tio quòd cau&longs;&longs;a &longs;it, quæ &longs;it eadem cum eo cuius e&longs;&longs;e quæritur. Nam in &longs;implicibus quatenus &longs;im­<lb/>plicia &longs;unt, idem e&longs;t e&longs;&longs;e & e&longs;&longs;entia, cau&longs;&longs;æ verò &longs;unt huiu&longs;modi: Re&longs;tant modò principia rei &longs;pe­<lb/>cialia, vt cau&longs;&longs;æ hominis & di&longs;ciplinæ compotis. Atque horum quidem notitia paratur ex notis <lb/>nobis, & poti&longs;simè demon&longs;tratione quòd e&longs;t, &longs;i complexa fuerint. <expan abbr="Ideo&qacute;">Ideoque</expan>. dictum e&longs;t ab Ari&longs;totele <lb/>accidentia magnam partem conferre ad cogno&longs;cendum quid e&longs;t. &longs;i incomplexa, iis &longs;anè in&longs;tru­<lb/>mentis de quibus antea dictum e&longs;t, cùm de incomplexorum probationibus ex 6. primæ philo&longs;o­<lb/>phiæ diceremus. His ergo modis &longs;cientiarum principia tractantur. Verùm poterit nobis oppone­<lb/>re qui&longs;piam. Cùm de principiis exi&longs;tere po&longs;sit quæ&longs;tio duplex, an &longs;int, vt an &longs;it materies, an &longs;it <lb/>Deus; & an hæc principia &longs;int; cur po&longs;teriorem hanc quæ complexa e&longs;t, ab Ari&longs;totele tractatam <lb/>comperimus; alteram &longs;implicem videmus fui&longs;&longs;e neglectam? præcipuè quòd non negatur &longs;cienti&ecedil; <lb/>cuilibet ex notis nobis ad &longs;ua principia profici&longs;ci. Prætereà &longs;i quæ&longs;tionem &longs;implicem damus in <lb/>partibus &longs;ubiecti <expan abbr="cau&longs;sis&qacute;">cau&longs;sisque</expan>. &longs;pecialibus, ecquid e&longs;t cau&longs;&longs;æ quominus etiam de illis excitari po&longs;sit <lb/>quæ&longs;tio &longs;implex? An plures &longs;unt cau&longs;&longs;æ propter quas omittitur &longs;implex quæ&longs;tio de cau&longs;sis pri­<lb/>mis; cùm quòd propter ob&longs;curitatem vim methodi fugit; tùm etiam quòd quæ&longs;tio &longs;implex e&longs;t <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg436"></arrow.to.target><lb/>de eo quòd e&longs;t e&longs;&longs;e &longs;impliciter; at quæ&longs;tio de eo, quòd res &longs;it &longs;impliciter, e&longs;t quæ&longs;tio metaphy&longs;ica: <lb/>Sed valeat hoc ia &longs;cientiis particularibus; nanque opponet illico qui&longs;piam, cur non id pre&longs;tat pri­<lb/>ma philo&longs;ophia? Quin etiam &longs;i quis in controuer&longs;iam reuocet principia communia; videtur in­<lb/>currere in hoc periculum, ne de tota &longs;cientia dubitet; ergò eam profiteri nequit: at de cau&longs;&longs;a &longs;pe­<lb/>ciali dubitans adhuc &longs;cientiam tueri pote&longs;t; & de cau&longs;&longs;a &longs;peciali qu&ecedil;&longs;tio &longs;pecialis e&longs;t à qua primus <lb/>philo&longs;ophus abhorret perpetuò tractans vniuersè. Qui dixerit hanc quæ&longs;tionem fugere metho­<lb/>dum, patronum habebit Auerroëm; is enim &longs;ub&longs;tantias &longs;eparatas per &longs;e ip&longs;as &longs;pectari po&longs;&longs;e tùm <lb/>monet, cùm adepti &longs;umus alias &longs;cientias, &longs;unt verò principia entis, quare methodo excedunt. Ita <lb/>ego de reliquis principiis primis &longs;imile iudicium faciam; præ&longs;ertim quòd &longs;cientiam & habitum <lb/>demon&longs;tratiuum &longs;ic definiri per&longs;picio, quòd &longs;it vnius generis &longs;ubiecti <expan abbr="eius&qacute;">eiusque</expan>. principia partes & <lb/>proprietates doceat. qui periculum &longs;cientiæ proponet Græcos auctores &longs;ui con&longs;ilij proferet. Re­<lb/>liquum e&longs;t nunc, vt explicemus, quemadmodum <expan abbr="cõflixerit">conflixerit</expan> cum veteribus Ari&longs;toteles. iam enim <lb/>patuit à phy&longs;ico negotium hoc peragi non po&longs;&longs;e. Nanque et&longs;i habet aliquid fortè quòd afferat <lb/><expan abbr="cõtraponentes">contraponentes</expan> motum: at nihil &longs;upere&longs;t phy&longs;ico quo pugnet cum ijs qui negant motum. Video <lb/>cen&longs;ere quo&longs;dam eo tempore phy&longs;icum primum philo&longs;ophi per&longs;onam &longs;u&longs;tinere, quod item­ <pb pagenum="46"/>confirmari audio, quia loquitur de ente Ari&longs;toteles. ens verò pertinet ad primum philo&longs;ophum. <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg437"></arrow.to.target><lb/>Terminos alij docent e&longs;&longs;e primi philo&longs;ophi, <expan abbr="modũ">modum</expan> di&longs;&longs;erendi <expan abbr="dialecticũ">dialecticum</expan>. Mihi non placet Ari&longs;to­<lb/>telem primi philo&longs;ophi per&longs;onam &longs;u&longs;cipere. Nam &longs;i ita dicamus, vercor ne habitum primi phi­<lb/>lo&longs;ophi phy&longs;ico præponere cogamur; cùm tamen ea vox <foreign lang="greek">meta\ t\ fusi_ka\</foreign>, ide&longs;t, po&longs;t naturalia, <lb/>moneat habitum phy&longs;icum e&longs;&longs;e præponendum. Neque illud pror&longs;us verum, ens e&longs;&longs;e terminum <lb/>primi philo&longs;ophi. <emph type="sup"/>a<emph.end type="sup"/> &longs;iquidem dialecticus, Sophi&longs;tes, & primus Philo&longs;ophus in entis <arrow.to.target n="marg438"></arrow.to.target> con&longs;ideratio­<lb/><lb/>ne ver&longs;entur. Proinde cùm dialecticus etiam de ente di&longs;&longs;erat, cum eiu&longs;dem quoque facultatis <lb/>principia re&longs;piciat; illi probans de quolibet a&longs;&longs;erere, vel negare verum e&longs;&longs;e; cum item modus di&longs;­<lb/>&longs;erendi &longs;it dialecticus; id quod &longs;copi &longs;ignificant quos in ea di&longs;putatione &longs;pectat Ari&longs;toteles; <emph type="sup"/>b<emph.end type="sup"/> non <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg439"></arrow.to.target><lb/>video cur congre&longs;&longs;us non &longs;it dialecticus. Etenim deducere in ab&longs;urda contradicentia quæ fieri <lb/>nequeant, & &longs;olœci&longs;mos &longs;unt &longs;copi dialectici quos in tota illa di&longs;ceptatione con&longs;ectatur Ari&longs;tote­<lb/>les. Atque hactenus de ratione qua principia &longs;cientiarum in &longs;cientiis generatim tractantur, & <lb/>quemadmodum in methodo naturali Philo&longs;ophus in veteres inuehatur.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg395"></margin.target>a 1. Post.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg396"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg397"></margin.target>b Val. Max.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg398"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg399"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg400"></margin.target>a Gal lib. <lb/>de optima <lb/>lecta.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg401"></margin.target>b 2. Po&longs;t. <lb/>T. 27.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg402"></margin.target>c 1. Po&longs;t.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg403"></margin.target>d 6. Met. <lb/>T. 1.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg404"></margin.target>e 1. Phy&longs;. <lb/>T. 8.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg405"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg406"></margin.target>f Simpl.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg407"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg408"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg409"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg410"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg411"></margin.target>a 3. De c&ecedil;­<lb/>lo T. c. 32.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg412"></margin.target>b 2. De c&ecedil;­<lb/>lo T. 18.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg413"></margin.target>c 2 de An. <lb/>T. c. 27. <lb/>6. Me. T. 1.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg414"></margin.target>I.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg415"></margin.target>II.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg416"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg417"></margin.target>III.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg418"></margin.target>d 6. Met. <lb/>T. 1.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg419"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg420"></margin.target>Ad I.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg421"></margin.target>e 1. Phy&longs;. <lb/>T. 5.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg422"></margin.target>Ad II.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg423"></margin.target>Ad III.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg424"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg425"></margin.target>a 4. Met. <lb/>T. 7. 8.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg426"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg427"></margin.target>b 1 Post. <lb/>ita tractantur à primo philo&longs;opho, quà communia &longs;unt. at tum principia &longs;unt entis, quatenus e&longs;t <lb/>ens: <emph type="sup"/>c<emph.end type="sup"/> <expan abbr="ideo&qacute;">ideoque</expan>. non probantur, quà c&ecedil;terarum &longs;cientiarum principia &longs;unt, &longs;ed vt principia entis, <lb/>c 11. Met. <lb/>&longs;um. 2. c. 2.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg428"></margin.target>d 1. Phy&longs;. <lb/>T. 8.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg429"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg430"></margin.target>e 1. Phy&longs;. <lb/>T. 11.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg431"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg432"></margin.target>f 2. Phy&longs;. <lb/>T. c. 22.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg433"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg434"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg435"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg436"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg437"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg438"></margin.target>a 4. Met. <lb/>T. 5.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg439"></margin.target>b 1. Elen. <lb/>c. 3.</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Sit'ne &longs;ubalternationis affinitas inter phy&longs;icen & primam philo&longs;ophiam. Cap. VIII<emph.end type="italics"/>.<lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg440"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg440"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>SI Phy&longs;icus per&longs;onam dialectici &longs;u&longs;tinet, dum inuehitur in eos qui tollunt motum & moueri, <lb/>complura accipit à &longs;en&longs;u; facilè coniicere po&longs;&longs;umus inter phy&longs;icen & alias &longs;cientias, nullam <lb/>affinitatem &longs;ubalternationis intercedere; &longs;iue ea &longs;ola conditio requiratur, vt nos opinamur, &longs;iue <lb/>etiam aliæ nonnullæ quas alij philo&longs;ophi ponunt, quanquam Ari&longs;toteles omnem rem &longs;ub dubio <lb/>reliquit, cùm indefinitè pronuntiauit, vbi principia negentur, officium ea probandi, aut e&longs;&longs;e alte­<lb/>rius, hoc e&longs;t, &longs;ubalternantis, aut omnium communis: communis autem e&longs;&longs;e poterat tùm dialecti­<lb/>ca, tum etiam prima philo&longs;ophia, quòd &longs;i dialecticen &longs;ignificare volui&longs;&longs;et Ari&longs;toteles, iam prima <lb/>philo&longs;ophia quæ in principiorum probatione ver&longs;atur, ad alterum membrum reiicienda foret, & <lb/>e&longs;&longs;et &longs;ubalternans. Nec minores difficultates affert natura &longs;ubalternantium quam in philo&longs;ophia <lb/>Peripatetica non ni&longs;i coniectura a&longs;&longs;equi licet. Itaque non ab re mihi facturum videor, &longs;i rem <expan abbr="hãc">hanc</expan> <lb/>accuratius exquiram. Igitur de conditione &longs;ubalternarum tot propè &longs;ententias celebres ob&longs;eruo. <lb/>vulgarem vnam quæ ab antiquis accepta fuit: iuniorum duas. Pa&longs;sim defendi &longs;olet hæc <expan abbr="triã">triam</expan> con­<lb/>&longs;tituere &longs;ubalternam, &longs;i &longs;ubiectum inferioris in &longs;uperioris &longs;ubiecto contineatur. Cùm verò &longs;ub­<lb/>iectum accipio, vel totum intelligo, quod ex duabus partibus con&longs;tat, altera, vt materia nimirum </s></p> <p type="main"> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg441"></arrow.to.target><lb/>re tractanda, altera, vt forma, nempè con&longs;iderandi ratione qu&ecedil; vtraque &longs;i in &longs;ubalternante & &longs;ub­<lb/>alterna &longs;eruentur vt mihi in phy&longs;ica & medicína videtur, efficiunt <expan abbr="&longs;ubalternation&etilde;">&longs;ubalternationem</expan> numeris om­<lb/>nibus ab&longs;olutam, vel alteram ex his partibus &longs;eor&longs;um, vt &longs;iqua res naturalis mathematicè &longs;pecte­<lb/>tur, &longs;iue aliqua res mathematica naturaliter; <emph type="sup"/>c<emph.end type="sup"/> vnde inferior <expan abbr="quidã">quidam</expan> gradus &longs;ubalternationis <arrow.to.target n="marg442"></arrow.to.target> exo­<lb/><lb/>ritur. Deinde vt inferioris &longs;ubiecto accidentaria quædam conditio &longs;uperueniat, vt lineæ videri <lb/>po&longs;&longs;e. Po&longs;tremò vt inferioris principia petantur à &longs;uperiore. Sed reuoluenti complures facultates <lb/>quæ &longs;ine controuer&longs;ia numerantur in &longs;ubalternis, aut non omnes his legibus ad&longs;tringi videntur, <lb/>aut non ita &longs;impliciter acciprentiæ, aut non prime. Nanque opponam A&longs;trologiam quæ &longs;ubalter­<lb/>na e&longs;t, A&longs;tronomiæ. Siquidem vbi vna accipiat quòd res e&longs;t, altera doceat cur ita &longs;it, iam ratio &longs;ub­<lb/>alternationis intercedit. Atqui A&longs;trologia petit ab A&longs;tronomia rationes motuum; quapropter <lb/>e&longs;t &longs;ubalterna. Neque tamen &longs;ubiectum e&longs;t pars. etenim in vtraque c&ecedil;lum ob&longs;eruatur, aut vniuer­<lb/>&longs;um. Præterea quòd accidens alterius &longs;ubiecto accedat non licet ab&longs;olutè defendere: quandò ex <lb/>&longs;ubiecto & eo quod adiicitur veluti forma, fit vnum per &longs;e, quod e&longs;t ab&longs;olutè &longs;ubiectum ex ge­<lb/>mina parte con&longs;titutum ex materia nimirum, & ratione con&longs;iderandi. Sed &longs;ubiectum per &longs;e e&longs;t <lb/>vnum, idem e&longs;t methodi finis, quippe cuius gratia c&ecedil;tera con&longs;iderantur, & ad quod referuntur, <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg443"></arrow.to.target><lb/>quod accidens e&longs;&longs;e non pote&longs;t. Tertiò non nece&longs;&longs;arium, quòd omnia principia &longs;ubalternæ re&longs;ol­<lb/>uantur in alia &longs;uperiora principia. propterea quòd &longs;unt ea principia, vel complexa, vel incom­<lb/>plexa. atque incomplexa quidem à nullo demon&longs;trantur, & eadem &longs;unt in &longs;ubalterna & &longs;ubal­<lb/>ternante, vt linea, quadratum & huiu&longs;modi. quòd &longs;i complexa fuerint, non videtur negare Ari­<lb/>&longs;toteles <emph type="sup"/>d<emph.end type="sup"/> fieri po&longs;&longs;e, vt ex ei&longs;dem principi aliquid demon&longs;tretur in &longs;ubalterna quod <arrow.to.target n="marg444"></arrow.to.target> demon&longs;tra­<lb/><lb/>tum fuit in <expan abbr="&longs;ubalternãte">&longs;ubalternante</expan>. ita enim &longs;crip&longs;it Ari&longs;toteles, <foreign lang="greek">a)ll) e)c w(_h/ deiknut ai/ ti\ pe(zi w_n h/gewme­<lb/>tzia e)/sin, h)/ a(\ e)k tw_n a)utw_n de<gap/>knutai th_| gewmet zia, w/spe/z ta\ o)p<gap/>ka\</foreign>. h&ecedil;c enim interrogatio <lb/>geometrica e&longs;t, “quæ e&longs;t ex iis principiis ex quibus aliquid o&longs;tenditur, quod ad geometriam perti­<lb/>net, aut illa quæ ex ei&longs;dem, ex quibus aliquid in geometria demon&longs;tratur. cuiu&longs;modi &longs;unt optica <lb/>qua&longs;i eadem accipiantur ad probandum geometrica & optica theoremata.” Quocirca viri præ­<lb/>&longs;tanti&longs;simi veterum via relicta non multis, &longs;ed vna tantum lege contengi fueruut. ex iis enim ali­<lb/>qui ex &longs;olo tran&longs;itu de genere in genus & &longs;ubalternationem effici voluerunt. tamet&longs;i iam tribus <lb/>modis fieri cen&longs;uêre. Vel, quia <expan abbr="demõ&longs;tratio">demon&longs;tratio</expan> transferatur; ea verò transfertur, vel vbi maior vnius <lb/>demon&longs;trationis propo&longs;itio &longs;umatur in duabus &longs;cientijs. vel <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <expan abbr="&longs;ubiectũ">&longs;ubiectum</expan> vnius ab alia probetur. <pb pagenum="47"/> <arrow.to.target n="marg445"></arrow.to.target><lb/>aut &longs;i adiiciatur aliqua conditio &longs;ubiecto &longs;uperioris. Ita vt non omnia hæc in &longs;ubalternatione <lb/>requirantur, &longs;ed vbi vna ex his conditionibus ad&longs;it, continuò &longs;ubalterna exi&longs;tat. Illud optimè, &longs;i <lb/>vna conditio &longs;it &longs;atis ne plures inculcentur. fru&longs;tra enim multa afferuntur, &longs;i vnum &longs;it &longs;atis. Nec <lb/>improbandum e&longs;t, non omnes &longs;imul requiri, cùm difficile &longs;it in vniuer&longs;is quas &longs;ubalternas dici­<lb/>mus, omnes has leges &longs;imul ob&longs;eruari. Cæterùm mihi videtur Ari&longs;toteles vnicam tantummodò <lb/>formulam tran&longs;itus indica&longs;&longs;e, videlicet, vbi eiu&longs;dem effectus, aut principij altera tradat quòd e&longs;t, <lb/>altera verò cur &longs;it. Adde quòd &longs;i phy&longs;icus o&longs;tendit e&longs;&longs;e &longs;ub&longs;tantias à materia liberas, &longs;iue &longs;int &longs;ub­<lb/>iectum primæ philo&longs;ophiæ, &longs;iue etiam principia, nil enim refert, immò magis idem efficietur. &longs;i <lb/>principia fuerint, quo principia &longs;ubiecto priora &longs;unt. prima philo&longs;ophia phy&longs;icæ &longs;ubalterna erit: <lb/>quod nefas e&longs;t. & quanquàm &longs;uprà negatum e&longs;t &longs;ubiectum po&longs;&longs;e probari; at id ip&longs;i non <expan abbr="viderãt">viderant</expan>; <lb/>nec probationum genera di&longs;tinguebant à viis in illa hypothe&longs;i. Quod &longs;i fortè probationem ex <lb/>cau&longs;sis accipi velint, nulla ex iis tribus &longs;cientiis, prima, &longs;cilicet philo&longs;ophia, naturali & mathema­<lb/>tica, &longs;ubalternæ locum occupabit, quod mihi &longs;at e&longs;t, illuc enim tendo, vt nullam ex his alteri &longs;ub­<lb/>alternam e&longs;&longs;e doceam. quippe quòd &longs;ingulæ ex his &longs;cientiis &longs;uas cau&longs;&longs;as impetrarint. atque illas <lb/>quidem ab&longs;olutè, vt nulla alterius auxilium imploret, quantum ad illud &longs;pectat, quòd rationem <lb/>&longs;ui &longs;ubiecti reddere valeat. Si verò continuum opponas, quod cum mathematicò &longs;ubiiciatur, à <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg446"></arrow.to.target><lb/>phy&longs;ico tractatur accurati&longs;simè; re&longs;pondebo continuum vtriu&longs;que &longs;cientiæ proprium e&longs;&longs;e & ab <lb/>vtroque vt &longs;ui ip&longs;ius proprium e&longs;t explicari, neque enim reddit rationem phy&longs;icus eius quanti: <lb/>quod e&longs;t &longs;eparatum à materia &longs;en&longs;ili, cuiu&longs;modi accipitur à mathematico: &longs;ed reddit rationem <lb/>phy&longs;icus eorum quæ in&longs;unt in corpore c&ecedil;le&longs;ti quod ab A&longs;tronomo &longs;pectatur, quia vtrobique c&ecedil;­<lb/>lum cum accidentibus &longs;en&longs;ilibus accipitur, & eorum quæ con&longs;iderat medicus, quandò vtrique in <lb/>&longs;en&longs;ilium tractatione occupantur. <expan abbr="Con&longs;imili&qacute;">Con&longs;imilique</expan>. modo mathematicus eorum reddit cau&longs;&longs;am quæ <lb/>docet opticus. &longs;iquidem vtrique lineam mathematicam explorant. Quòd &longs;i has tres principes. <lb/>&longs;cientias exceperis, difficilè e&longs;t negare id e&longs;&longs;e commune omnibus &longs;ubalternis. omnes enim <expan abbr="tractãt">tractant</expan> <lb/>res &longs;en&longs;iles, aut mathematicas, aut etiam primæ philo&longs;ophiæ, quarum principia &longs;impliciter à pri­<lb/>mis illis &longs;cientiis exponuntur. Neque mihi &longs;ingulare videtur, immò commune, &longs;ubiecto &longs;ubalter­<lb/>nantis addi aliquam conditionem in &longs;ubalterna; &longs;ed hoc nece&longs;&longs;arium e&longs;t, mea quidem &longs;ententia: <lb/>&longs;iquidem res &longs;impliciter à tribus illis &longs;cientiis tractantur, à c&ecedil;teris cum aliqua conditione, &longs;iue ea <lb/>&longs;it conditio contrahens &longs;ubiectum &longs;uperioris ad pauciora &longs;ubiecta, &longs;iue etiam &longs;it modus quo non <lb/>res ip&longs;a, &longs;ed rei notio re&longs;tringitur. Attulerunt & vnicam alij conditionem, nimirum, &longs;i altera rem <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg447"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;impliciter tractet, altera verò cum habitudine ad opus, aut actionem. vt geometer lineam &longs;impli­<lb/>citer: faber autem ferrarius lineam inferro cuiu&longs;dam v&longs;us gratia. <emph type="sup"/>a<emph.end type="sup"/> Nam cùm ille &longs;cientiæ quæ <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg448"></arrow.to.target><lb/>con&longs;iderant res &longs;impliciter, habeant cau&longs;&longs;as &longs;ui &longs;ubiecti; reliquæ verò tractent &longs;en&longs;ilia &longs;olum, & <lb/>per ea cogno&longs;cant, <expan abbr="&longs;uarum&qacute;">&longs;uarumque</expan>. rationum principia ab illis accipiant; ex hoc efficitur, vt &longs;iquando <lb/>cau&longs;&longs;as euentorum &longs;uorum perquirere velint, ad illas confugiant. <expan abbr="Ideo&qacute;">Ideoque</expan>. artes & facultates om­<lb/>nes erunt &longs;ubalternæ: tres verò &longs;cientiæ &longs;ubalternantes. Et planè nulla ex his tribus &longs;cientiis ad <lb/>alteram confugit, vt cau&longs;&longs;as petat &longs;uorum theorematum, aut principiorum; &longs;ed omnes &ecedil;què pro­<lb/>cedunt ex primis & maximè notis. Equidem ob&longs;truo id perpetuò apud Ari&longs;totelem, &longs;icuti men­<lb/>tionem facit de &longs;ubalternis artis exempla in medio ponere, & ex ingenio &longs;ubalternarum conclu­<lb/>di artes e&longs;&longs;e ex eo numero, quòd vbi vna doceat quòd e&longs;t altera cur &longs;it, ea qu&ecedil; docet e&longs;&longs;e rem, &longs;ub­<lb/>alterna e&longs;t. Sed artes docent e&longs;&longs;e rem, cau&longs;&longs;as primas a&longs;signare non po&longs;&longs;unt. Ergo artes &longs;unt &longs;ub­<lb/>alternæ. At verò illud dubito, &longs;it'ne hæc cau&longs;&longs;a proxima & vt dici con&longs;ueuit, ratio formalis &longs;ub­<lb/>alternationis e&longs;&longs;e artem, &longs;eu &longs;pectare aliquid cum conditione, præ&longs;ertim quòd id nunquàm non <lb/>modo expre&longs;&longs;um; &longs;ed ne indicatum quidem fuerit ab Ari&longs;totele. Quamobrem ego puto aliam <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg449"></arrow.to.target><lb/>primam &longs;ubalternationis cau&longs;&longs;am & rationem afferri po&longs;&longs;e, atque illam quidem à pr&ecedil;ceptore no­<lb/>&longs;tro &longs;ignificatam. Siquando vna rem e&longs;&longs;e per &longs;en&longs;ilia doceret, altera verò cur e&longs;&longs;et. per&longs;uadeor au­<lb/>tem ad id credendum hoc argumento. Nanque illa e&longs;t ratio rei cuiu&longs;piam quæ &longs;imiles differen­<lb/>tias illi communicat: Sed differentias &longs;ubalternantibus & &longs;ubalternis communicant differentiæ <lb/>eius, quòd e&longs;t & cur e&longs;t. Ergo ratio &longs;ubalternarum & &longs;ubalternantium e&longs;t, quòd &longs;it res & cur &longs;it. <lb/>Propo&longs;itio fidem ex eo &longs;umit. quia &longs;imilis differentia in cau&longs;&longs;a &longs;imilem differentiam creat in effe­<lb/>ctu. A&longs;&longs;umptio &longs;umitur ex Ari&longs;totele. cùm docet ex eo &longs;ubalternas e&longs;&longs;e &longs;impliciter, vel quodam­<lb/>modo. quòd vna doceat cur hoc &longs;it &longs;impliciter, ide&longs;t reddat cau&longs;&longs;as maioris partis eorum quæ ac­<lb/>cipiuntur in &longs;ubalterna, vt apparet in phy&longs;ica & medicina; altera doceat aliqua ex parte, vt geo­<lb/>metria, quòd vulnera rotunda tardius curentur. Ex hoc ea nece&longs;&longs;ariò na&longs;cuntur. quòd &longs;ubalter­<lb/>nans tradat cau&longs;&longs;as eorum quæ &longs;ubalternæ &longs;upponuntur. quòd fiat tran&longs;itus de genere in genus, <lb/>dum ea quæ à &longs;ubalternante o&longs;ten&longs;a &longs;unt, ad illa probanda transferuntur quæ in &longs;ubalterna du­<lb/>bitantur. Cætera quæ tribuuntur &longs;ubalternis, nil prohibet, opinor, e&longs;&longs;e per accidens, & aliun­<lb/>de peti quàm à ratione &longs;ubalternationis. His ita con&longs;titutis ad propo&longs;itum de&longs;cendamus, & <lb/>doceamus &longs;it'ne phy&longs;ica &longs;ubalterna primæ philo&longs;ophiæ. Qui conditionis à Latinis impo&longs;itas <pb pagenum="48"/>&longs;ubalternis accipiunt, facilè negare po&longs;&longs;ent omnes eas conditiones in phy&longs;ica reperiri. Con&longs;imili <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg450"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ratione qui defendunt rationem &longs;ubalternæ po&longs;itam e&longs;&longs;e in eo quòd vna rem &longs;impliciter tractet, <lb/>altera cum habitudine ad opus & actionem; quia dicerent tres e&longs;&longs;e <expan abbr="&longs;cientia&stilde;">&longs;cientiasm</expan> contemplantes inter <lb/>&longs;e di&longs;tinctas; quippe quæ proprium genus habeant & ex propriis &longs;uis ip&longs;arum principiis quoque <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg451"></arrow.to.target><lb/>procedant. Atqui non de&longs;unt rationes quæ affinitatem &longs;ubalternationis inter vtra&longs;que interce­<lb/>dere per&longs;uadeant. Primum. Quoniam vbi fit tran&longs;itus de genere in genus ibi ade&longs;t &longs;ubalterna­<lb/>tionis affinitas. Sed fit tran&longs;itus à prima philo&longs;ophia ad phy&longs;icen. Et gradus igitur &longs;ubalternatio­<lb/>nis extat in phy&longs;ica & prima philo&longs;ophia. Nam tum fit tran&longs;itus, vbi propo&longs;itio &longs;uperioris &longs;cien­<lb/>tiæ re &longs;umatur in inferiore. id verò in phy&longs;icis euenit. Siquidem Ari&longs;toteles primo de cœlo pro­<lb/>baturus æternum fieri non po&longs;&longs;e quod caducum e&longs;t. ita con&longs;truit argumentationem. Non pote&longs;t <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg452"></arrow.to.target><lb/>idem &longs;imul e&longs;&longs;e & non e&longs;&longs;e. Nullum igitur mortale perpetuum effici pote&longs;t. Attamen antecedens <lb/>accipitur à primo philo&longs;opho. <emph type="sup"/>a<emph.end type="sup"/> Rur&longs;us docet Ari&longs;toteles nullam &longs;cientiam excepta prima <arrow.to.target n="marg453"></arrow.to.target> phi­<lb/><lb/>lo&longs;ophia, quærere po&longs;sit, &longs;it'ne &longs;uum &longs;ubiectum. quia non pote&longs;t mentionem facere &longs;impliciter <lb/>de ip&longs;o quid e&longs;t. <emph type="sup"/>b<emph.end type="sup"/> Soli autem primo philo&longs;opho id præ&longs;tare licet. Et &longs;olus igitur &longs;uppeditabit <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg454"></arrow.to.target><lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg455"></arrow.to.target><lb/>principia reliquis, & &longs;ubiectum & quid e&longs;t ip&longs;ius. Vltimò Ari&longs;toteles o&longs;tendit primam philo&longs;o­<lb/>phiam &longs;pectare &longs;umma principia & cau&longs;&longs;as poti&longs;simas. <emph type="sup"/>c<emph.end type="sup"/> Ergo etiam erit maximè &longs;cientia, & <arrow.to.target n="marg456"></arrow.to.target> po­<lb/><lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg457"></arrow.to.target><lb/>terit reddere rationem principiorum quæ in aliis &longs;cientiis a&longs;&longs;umuntur. Quòd &longs;i ex his conuinci­<lb/>tur gradus & affinitas &longs;ubalternationis, profectò prima philo&longs;ophia &longs;ubalternans erit, phy&longs;ica <lb/>&longs;ubalterna. Verumenimuerò &longs;i no&longs;tra &longs;ententia defendi pote&longs;t, vt opinamur, eam &longs;cilicet e&longs;&longs;e ra­<lb/>tionem &longs;ubalternationis, cum altera docet, cur &longs;it id quod altera e&longs;&longs;e nouit, prima illa ratio nihil <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg458"></arrow.to.target><lb/>officeret. Neque enim propo&longs;itiones i&longs;tæ communi&longs;simæ rationem cau&longs;&longs;æ continent, &longs;ed notifi­<lb/>cationis duntaxat. Sed vt c&ecedil;teris qui de &longs;ubalternarum conditionibus aliter &longs;entiunt, opem fera­<lb/>mus; nullam e&longs;&longs;e vim dicimus eius quod opponitur. Neque enim ille tran&longs;itus e&longs;&longs;et, &longs;ed a&longs;&longs;um­<lb/>ptio principij communi&longs;simi &longs;ecundum analogiam, vt no&longs;ti ex Analyticis. hoc enim commune. <lb/>De quolibet verum e&longs;&longs;e a&longs;&longs;erere, aut negare, dum confertur in demon&longs;trationem, non accipitur <lb/>vt &longs;eruat &longs;uam communitatem, &longs;ed quantum opus e&longs;t &longs;olùm, & pro ratione materiæ &longs;ubiectæ. <lb/>Vt verò c&ecedil;tera tolli queant, monebimus antè geminum ordinem in &longs;cientiis ob&longs;eruari, alterum <lb/>quidem naturæ, atque alterum mentis. Ordo quidem naturæ multiplex e&longs;t, de quo nos aliquid <lb/>po&longs;tea. Sed intereà quantum &longs;pectat ad rem no&longs;tram, vbi de &longs;cientiarum gradibus agimus, qua­<lb/>tenus mutuas &longs;ibi operas præ&longs;tant in fide facienda duplex e&longs;t, alter qui à finis natura deducitur, <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg459"></arrow.to.target><lb/>atque alter qui pendet ex ordine materiæ &longs;ubiectæ. à finis autem natura deducitur ordo earum <lb/>quæ ita &longs;e habent, vt mini&longs;træ ad Architectonicas, vt vocat Ari&longs;toteles, &longs;int vt Plato <foreign lang="greek">h( gemonika\s</foreign>, <lb/>ide&longs;t, præcipuas & duces. ab ordine &longs;ubiectæ materiæ &longs;umitur earum ordo quarum vna e&longs;t <lb/><foreign lang="greek">u(pa\llihlos</foreign>, ide&longs;t &longs;ubalterna, altera &longs;ubalternans. Ordo mentis in eo po&longs;itus e&longs;t, vt vna quoddam <lb/>&longs;implex con&longs;ideret, altera illi aliquid adiiciat. vtputa mathematica &longs;pectat quantum &longs;impliciter, <lb/>at phy&longs;ica quantum in materia. In hoc &longs;anè ordine <emph type="sup"/>d<emph.end type="sup"/> quicquid in &longs;impliciore ab&longs;urdum e&longs;t, & <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg460"></arrow.to.target><lb/>per naturalia pertinet: non autem contrà. Sed hoc ordine dimi&longs;&longs;o ad cuius plenam <expan abbr="intelligentiã">intelligentiam</expan> <lb/>multa &longs;ubiicere oportebit, de ordine naturæ di&longs;&longs;eramus. Et &longs;anè magnum di&longs;crimen inter Archi­<lb/>tectonicas & &longs;ubalternantes intercedit. Quandò &longs;ubalternans præbet cau&longs;&longs;as & principia. nec vn­<lb/>quam in oculis e&longs;t &longs;ubalternæ, ni&longs;i aliquod è &longs;uis principiis ex ip&longs;ius manibus eripiatur. Archite­<lb/>ctonicæ non e&longs;t cau&longs;&longs;as afferre principiorum. Neque enim nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t mini&longs;tras ex iis procedere <lb/>perpetuò, quæ demon&longs;trari po&longs;sint; &longs;ed pote&longs;t habere &longs;ua principia pror&longs;us prima. & h&ecedil;c &longs;impli­<lb/>citer &longs;cire pote&longs;t, &longs;ubalterna non item. &longs;iquidem &longs;ciamus, cùm habemus demon&longs;trationem. hæc <lb/>verò ex primis e&longs;t. atqui rerum naturalium prima quædam principia &longs;unt quæ nouit phy&longs;icus, & <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg461"></arrow.to.target><lb/>mathematicus habet &longs;ua principia quæ in alia &longs;uperiora neutiquam re&longs;olui queunt. Rur&longs;us &longs;ub­<lb/>alternans ea con&longs;iderat quæ &longs;unt natura priora; non item Architectonicus. Neque enim ens, <lb/>quod à primo philo&longs;opho con&longs;ideratur, quem facimus Architectonicum, natura prius e&longs;t, quàm <lb/>ens naturale, &longs;ed &longs;i prius, ratione &longs;ola prius e&longs;t. Docet Architectonicus quid tractandum & qua­<lb/>tenus, quo ordine & via di&longs;ponendum: <emph type="sup"/>e<emph.end type="sup"/> nihil de his &longs;ubalternans. & &longs;emper in oculis geritur <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg462"></arrow.to.target><lb/>Architecton. Nam mini&longs;træ quicquid agunt, &longs;ic agunt, vt ad eum finem perueniant. Architecton <lb/>autem quia con&longs;iderat finem (ab eius autem ingenio na&longs;citur, vt c&ecedil;teris &longs;ua cuiu&longs;que officia præ­<lb/>&longs;cribantur) &longs;ingula pro &longs;ui finis adeptione di&longs;ponit. Subalternans mea quidem &longs;ententia, cùm <lb/>doceat cur &longs;it & rem &longs;impliciter animaduertat, e&longs;t contemplator. Architecton item numeratur <lb/>in artificibus. Nunc dicimus inter primam philo&longs;ophiam & reliquas &longs;cientias exi&longs;tere ordinem <lb/>Architectonic&ecedil; & mini&longs;træ, non autem &longs;ubalternantis & &longs;ubalternæ. Cùm enim con&longs;ideret ens <lb/>&longs;ub communi notione entis, &longs;it verò &longs;eparatum vel re ip&longs;a vt mentes beati&longs;simæ, vel &longs;ecundum <lb/>rationem, quod dici &longs;olet per indifferentiam. finis verò intelligentiæ no&longs;træ &longs;int beati&longs;simæ men­<lb/>tes, omnia docendo huc dirigere oportet, vt earum notitiam a&longs;&longs;equi po&longs;simus. Itaque mathema­<lb/>tici nos a&longs;&longs;ue faciunt ab&longs;tractioni, cuius beneficio, iam aliquid de ingenio rerum verè <expan abbr="&longs;eparatarũ">&longs;eparatarum</expan> <pb pagenum="49"/> <arrow.to.target n="marg463"></arrow.to.target><lb/>à materia cogitare incipimus. & phy&longs;icus auxilio motus, tanquam rei noti&longs;sim&ecedil;, nos eò perducit, <lb/>vt tale entium genus e&longs;&longs;e no&longs;camus. Idcirco prima philo&longs;ophia <foreign lang="greek">meta\ ta\ fusika\</foreign>, ide&longs;t, po&longs;t na­<lb/>turalia nuncupatur. Cùm &longs;pectet <expan abbr="it&etilde;">item</expan> prima philo&longs;ophia <expan abbr="cõmuniter">communiter</expan> ens, & eius &longs;pecies, quatenus <lb/>entia &longs;unt è quibus &longs;unt corpus mobile & quantum &longs;ingulis exhibet &longs;ua &longs;ubiecta. eadem quoque <lb/>propter vniuer&longs;alem illam <expan abbr="con&longs;ideration&etilde;">con&longs;iderationem</expan> tractat &longs;impliciter ip&longs;um quid e&longs;t & id quod &longs;uiip&longs;ius <lb/>e&longs;t, & id quod <expan abbr="cõuenit">conuenit</expan> c&ecedil;teris, prout etiam nouit partes entis, quæ reliquis &longs;cientiis &longs;upponuntur. <lb/>Quia nouit partes entis & quæ <expan abbr="cuiq.">cuique</expan> definitio <expan abbr="accõmodetur">accommodetur</expan>, docet modum tractandi & definien­<lb/>di, & quanquàm &longs;cientiam &longs;uis cancellis circun&longs;cribit. Cùm etiam proprium <expan abbr="cuius&qacute;">cuiusque</expan>. methodi &longs;it <lb/>tractare certum &longs;ubiectum, partes eius, affectiones, & principia, ius habet in principia <expan abbr="cõmuni&longs;si-ma">communi&longs;si­<lb/>ma</expan>, & in ea quæ &longs;umuntur in reliquis methodis: attamen <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> &longs;ic illa exponit, vt <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> cau&longs;&longs;as red­<lb/>dat. &longs;unt enim vbique prima, nec vllo modo obnoxia demon&longs;trationi: vt potius in prima philo­<lb/>&longs;ophia prima <expan abbr="&longs;ecundũ">&longs;ecundum</expan> rationem, quàm <expan abbr="&longs;ecundũ">&longs;ecundum</expan> rem habenda &longs;int, nec ip&longs;a &longs;ub certa ratione <expan abbr="cõ-cipit">con­<lb/>cipit</expan> (&longs;ic enim cuiu&longs;que &longs;cienti&ecedil; propria forent) &longs;ed <expan abbr="cõmuniter">communiter</expan> tractat, vt principia entis. Proinde <lb/>non verè &longs;ubalternans, &longs;ed Architecton optimo iure perhibetur. Sed <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> tractet quid e&longs;t, & <expan abbr="eiu&longs;d&etilde;">eiu&longs;dem</expan> <lb/>cogitationis &longs;it no&longs;&longs;e quid e&longs;t & quòd &longs;it. videbitur alicui pr&ecedil;&longs;tare c&ecedil;teris quòd <expan abbr="aliarũ">aliarum</expan> &longs;ubiecta de­<lb/>mon&longs;trare po&longs;sit. At verò neque id efficere pote&longs;t (vt falsò <expan abbr="quidã">quidam</expan> exi&longs;timarunt) <expan abbr="&longs;iquid&etilde;">&longs;iquidem</expan> definitio <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg464"></arrow.to.target><lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg465"></arrow.to.target><lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg466"></arrow.to.target><lb/>nullo pacto demon&longs;trationi &longs;ubiiciatur, &longs;ed alio modo <expan abbr="planũ">planum</expan> fit e&longs;&longs;e <expan abbr="&longs;ubiectũ">&longs;ubiectum</expan>, in vnaquaque &longs;cien­<lb/>tia, atque <expan abbr="it&etilde;">item</expan> in prima philo&longs;ophia. <expan abbr="Quamobr&etilde;">Quamobrem</expan> ex hoc apparet fallacia &longs;ecund&ecedil; rationis. Ad <expan abbr="vlti-mã">vlti­<lb/>mam</expan> quoque &longs;ic re&longs;pondemus, eam <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> reddere cau&longs;&longs;as <expan abbr="principiorũ">principiorum</expan> quæ in reliquis &longs;cientiis a&longs;&longs;umi <lb/>&longs;olent, quod in &longs;ubalternante requiritur: &longs;ed per&longs;uadere principia entis <expan abbr="cõmuni&longs;simi">communi&longs;simi</expan> qu&ecedil; &longs;i prin­<lb/>cipia fuerint <expan abbr="reliquarũ">reliquarum</expan> <expan abbr="methodorũ">methodorum</expan>, hoc e&longs;t per accidens. cùm c&ecedil;teroquin in &longs;ubalternante princi­<lb/>pia &longs;ubaltern&ecedil; probentur. Neque Ari&longs;toteles <expan abbr="aliquã">aliquam</expan> &longs;cientiam e&longs;&longs;e voluit quæ <expan abbr="c&ecedil;terarũ">c&ecedil;terarum</expan> principia <lb/>confirmaret, qualem nonnulli <expan abbr="primã">primam</expan> philo&longs;ophiam e&longs;&longs;e autumant: <emph type="sup"/>a<emph.end type="sup"/> &longs;ed ex hypothe&longs;i loquitur, <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg467"></arrow.to.target><lb/>& indefinitè &longs;cientiam &longs;ummam accipit, qualis e&longs;&longs;e po&longs;&longs;et &longs;ubalternans: aut &longs;i &longs;umma principia <lb/>perquirit, non ex hoc efficitur eam e&longs;&longs;e <expan abbr="&longs;ubalternant&etilde;">&longs;ubalternantem</expan>, &longs;ed architectonicam. & hanc dicimus e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>primam philo&longs;ophiam quæ ob tale &longs;ummum ius, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> &longs;cientia propriè, &longs;ed &longs;apientia vocatur. Hoc <lb/>loco memini mihi opponi. Principia entis per &longs;e &longs;unt, nulli accidunt; eius verò, quod non accidit, <lb/>con&longs;ideratio per accidens e&longs;&longs;e non pote&longs;t. Itaque nec <expan abbr="aliarũ">aliarum</expan> principia à primo philo&longs;opho per ac­<lb/>cidens &longs;pectari poterunt. Re&longs;pon&longs;um e&longs;t in &longs;cientia quaque duo contineri, rem qu&ecedil; con&longs;ideratur <lb/>& modum, &longs;eu <expan abbr="ration&etilde;">rationem</expan> con&longs;iderandi: igitur, et&longs;i non accidunt, vt res illa principia <expan abbr="reliquarũ">reliquarum</expan> &longs;cien­<lb/>tiarum principiis: at continent accidens propter <expan abbr="ration&etilde;">rationem</expan> con&longs;iderandi; non enim o&longs;tenduntur vt <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg468"></arrow.to.target><lb/>principia corporis mobilis, &longs;ed vt entis quatenus ens. Porrò <expan abbr="architectonicarũ">architectonicarum</expan> varij &longs;unt gradus & <lb/>inter methodos <expan abbr="quarũ">quarum</expan> finis e&longs;t contemplari, & inter facultates quarum munus e&longs;t agere, & inter <lb/>artes <expan abbr="quarũ">quarum</expan> officium e&longs;t efficere. prout <expan abbr="mini&longs;trarũ">mini&longs;trarum</expan> varia &longs;unt officia, vel .n. materiam faciunt &longs;im­<lb/>pliciter, <emph type="sup"/>b<emph.end type="sup"/> vel <expan abbr="accõmodatam">accommodatam</expan> ad opus inter artes. Inter eas verò quæ practicæ &longs;unt, & à fine <arrow.to.target n="marg469"></arrow.to.target> politi­<lb/><lb/>cæ nuncupantur, eas actiones præ&longs;tant, &longs;ine quibus cæteræ non con&longs;i&longs;tunt, vt &longs;ine pace con&longs;erua­<lb/>tio legum. itaque <expan abbr="bellũ">bellum</expan> gerimus, quia &longs;ine hoc pax non exi&longs;tit & pacem volumus, vt leges con&longs;er­<lb/>uentur. con&longs;imili ratione inter <expan abbr="cõt&etilde;plantes">contemplantes</expan> illæ &longs;unt mini&longs;træ <expan abbr="quarũ">quarum</expan> <expan abbr="cont&etilde;plationes">contemplationes</expan> alij &longs;unt v&longs;ui, <lb/>vt &longs;ine his illa &longs;uas exhibere non po&longs;sit. Mini&longs;tra igitur phy&longs;ica & in ordine doctrin&ecedil; <expan abbr="præpon&etilde;da">præponenda</expan>.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg441"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg442"></margin.target>c 2. Phy&longs;.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg443"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg444"></margin.target>d 1. Po&longs;t. <lb/>T. 27.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg445"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg446"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg447"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg448"></margin.target>a 1. Eth.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg449"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg450"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg451"></margin.target>Ratio I.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg452"></margin.target>II.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg453"></margin.target>a. 4. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg454"></margin.target>b 5. 11. Me.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg455"></margin.target>III.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg456"></margin.target>c 1. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg457"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg458"></margin.target>Ad I.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg459"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg460"></margin.target>d 3. De c&ecedil;­<lb/>lo T. 6.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg461"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg462"></margin.target>e 1. Eth.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg463"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg464"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg465"></margin.target>Ad II.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg466"></margin.target>Ad III.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg467"></margin.target>a 1. Po&longs;t.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg468"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg469"></margin.target>b 2. Phy&longs;. <lb/>T. 24.</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Animi habituum præ&longs;tantia generatim perpenditur, & contemplans actuo&longs;æ pr&ecedil;ponitur. Cap. IX<emph.end type="italics"/>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>HOC, quod à nobis in pr&ecedil;&longs;entia ve&longs;tigandum e&longs;t, altius aliquantò repetetur, propter <expan abbr="frequ&etilde;-tem">frequen­<lb/>tem</expan> eorum v&longs;um quæ ad <expan abbr="explication&etilde;">explicationem</expan> propo&longs;iti &longs;olent a&longs;&longs;umi in vniuer&longs;a philo&longs;ophia Pe­<lb/>ripatetica, <expan abbr="horũ">horum</expan> verò <expan abbr="aptũ">aptum</expan> <expan abbr="exordiũ">exordium</expan> fuerit, &longs;i res ip&longs;as in &longs;uas partes di&longs;tribuamus, quatenus <expan abbr="ment&etilde;">mentem</expan> <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg470"></arrow.to.target><lb/>re&longs;piciunt. Verumenimuerò <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> omnis perceptio fiat, propter <expan abbr="conuenientiã">conuenientiam</expan> <expan abbr="quandã">quandam</expan>, <expan abbr="&longs;imilitudin&etilde;">&longs;imilitudinem</expan> <lb/>& <expan abbr="proportion&etilde;">proportionem</expan> quæ inter res intelligendas & <expan abbr="intelligent&etilde;">intelligentem</expan> <expan abbr="facultat&etilde;">facultatem</expan> intercedit (talis e&longs;t actus pote <lb/><expan abbr="&longs;tatis&qacute;">&longs;tatisque</expan>. conditio <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> alterum intelligenda imitantur, <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> verò mens, quæ intelligere pote&longs;t) <lb/>ergo quot erunt differentiæ <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> <expan abbr="intelligendarũ">intelligendarum</expan>, tot quoque <expan abbr="intelligentiũ">intelligentium</expan> <expan abbr="facultatũ">facultatum</expan> <expan abbr="differ&etilde;ti&ecedil;">differenti&ecedil;</expan> &longs;int, <lb/>nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t. Et quanquàm res aut &longs;en&longs;u, aut mente cogno&longs;cuntur, omi&longs;sis &longs;en&longs;ilibus qu&ecedil; <expan abbr="nullũ">nullum</expan> me­<lb/>thodi &longs;tudium po&longs;tulant, de intelligendis agamus. Hæc &longs;anè aut nece&longs;&longs;aria &longs;unt, & habent princi­<lb/>pia quæ aliter &longs;e habere non contingit, aut variari po&longs;&longs;unt. ex quo efficitur, vt etiam intelligentis <lb/>animæ facultas &longs;it duplex, altera quæ in <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> nece&longs;&longs;ariarum <expan abbr="intellig&etilde;tia">intelligentia</expan> ver&longs;atur, atque altera qu&ecedil; <lb/>mutabilia concipit. de po&longs;tremis hi&longs;ce exi&longs;tit opinio. C&ecedil;terùm ea quæ aliter eueniunt, aut con&longs;ide­<lb/>rantur vt talem habent naturam, aut quo pacto pertinent ad nos & in no&longs;tra manu &longs;unt. prior il­<lb/>la animaduer&longs;io &longs;oli opinioni relinquitur, <expan abbr="de&qacute;">deque</expan>. iis nulla, neque &longs;cientia, neque ars exi&longs;tit. <emph type="sup"/>c<emph.end type="sup"/> <arrow.to.target n="marg471"></arrow.to.target> Po­<lb/><lb/>&longs;teriorum aliquæ &longs;ub effectionem cadunt, ide&longs;t, relinquunt ex operatione opus aliquod perma­<lb/>nens, vt ædificium & nauem quæ Græci <foreign lang="greek">poihta\</foreign> vocant, aliquæ actionem &longs;olam continent, <lb/>nihil ex actione &longs;uper&longs;tes habent, hæc Græci <foreign lang="greek">p<gap/>ak<gap/>a\</foreign> dicunt. quorum item duo genera &longs;unt, vel <lb/>enim à con&longs;ilio pendent, & attenditur <foreign lang="greek">p<gap/>oai<gap/>esi_s</foreign>, vnde boni maliúe iudicamur, vel nulla con&longs;i­ <pb pagenum="50"/>lij ratio habetur, &longs;ed finis qui voluptas e&longs;t. in his, cùm agendi ratio &longs;olo opere excepto &longs;it eadem <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg472"></arrow.to.target><lb/>atque in aliis qu&ecedil; opus relinquunt, neque enim deliberant quid ex quo agendum, &longs;ed hoc ex hoc <lb/>efficiunt nece&longs;&longs;ariò, &longs;i finem con&longs;equi volunt, & ab illis non con&longs;ilium &longs;olum, &longs;ed actio de&longs;idera­<lb/>tur; ad eam mentis partem hæc relegantur quæ tractat illa quorum finis e&longs;t opus. aliæ practicæ <lb/>nuncupantur. Itaque tres habitus mentis exi&longs;tunt, vnus practicus, alter artificio&longs;us. po&longs;tremus <lb/>contemplans qui &longs;i principiorum e&longs;t aut ea &longs;olum concipit & e&longs;t propriè mens, aut illa contem­<lb/>platur & euoluit, & &longs;ic e&longs;t &longs;apientia. aut contemplatur conclu&longs;iones ex principiis, & e&longs;t &longs;cientia. <lb/>Mens propriè vtriu&longs;que principium e&longs;t & pari cum illis gradu procedit, vt &longs;cientiæ <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> ad <lb/>&longs;cientiam referatur, & principium &longs;apientiæ ad &longs;aprentiam, quandò principiorum <expan abbr="cõ&longs;ideratio">con&longs;ideratio</expan> ad <lb/>eandem pertinet methodum cuius principia &longs;unt. quare etiam dimi&longs;&longs;amente quæ e&longs;t comprehen­<lb/>&longs;io pura principiorum, de &longs;apientia <expan abbr="&longs;cientia&qacute;">&longs;cientiaque</expan>. di&longs;putemus quas item, quòd in con&longs;titutione me­<lb/>thodi &longs;imiles &longs;unt, vtra&longs;que communibus regulis metiemur. Porrò <expan abbr="cõtemplari">contemplari</expan> nil aliud e&longs;t quàm <lb/>rerum e&longs;&longs;entias explorare, cau&longs;&longs;as perquirere & veritatem propter &longs;e <expan abbr="expet&etilde;dam">expetendam</expan>, per &longs;e & liberè, <lb/>non ad alterius v&longs;um inuenire. Tamet&longs;i genus hoc cognitionis omnes omnium <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> naturas per­<lb/>uagatur. &longs;iquidem omnia per &longs;eip&longs;a, aut quàm ad v&longs;um <expan abbr="aliqu&etilde;">aliquem</expan> applicentur, <expan abbr="cõtemplationi">contemplationi</expan> &longs;ubii­<lb/>ciantur. & prius hoc in contemplationem cecidi&longs;&longs;e oportet, quàm nos moueat ad agendum. <emph type="sup"/>a<emph.end type="sup"/> Sic <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg473"></arrow.to.target><lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg474"></arrow.to.target><lb/>& caduca & contingentia &longs;ubiacent contemplationi, <expan abbr="de&qacute;">deque</expan>. illis philo&longs;ophia exi&longs;tet, quia &longs;ic etiam <lb/>nece&longs;sitatem quandam præ&longs;eferunt. <emph type="sup"/>b<emph.end type="sup"/> tamen cùm ea qu&ecedil; contemplati &longs;umus, ad v&longs;um <expan abbr="traduc&etilde;da">traducenda</expan> <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg475"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;unt, philo&longs;ophia &longs;e&longs;e tenet in ijs quæ agi po&longs;&longs;unt <expan abbr="faci&etilde;da">facienda</expan> <expan abbr="tanquã">tanquam</expan> vilia re&longs;puit, nec libero homine <lb/>digna. Quocirca animi perfectio, non &longs;ine optima cau&longs;&longs;a philo&longs;ophia perhibetur. Nam tùm res <lb/>perfecta exi&longs;timatur, vbi &longs;it idonea fungi munerib. illis ad quæ in&longs;tituta e&longs;t à natura velut equus, <lb/>cum à domitore factus idoneus e&longs;t ad vehendum placidè &longs;e&longs;&longs;orem, & ad currendum, aut certan­<lb/>dum & domus, &longs;i commodè inhabitari queat. huius enim rei gratia exædificata e&longs;t. &longs;ic homo per­<lb/>fectus e&longs;t, po&longs;tquàm ea præ&longs;tare pote&longs;t quæ hominis propria &longs;unt & quorum gratia producitur à <lb/>natura. Atqui duo &longs;unt in homine principia, mens & appetitus. atque hic quidem homini datus <lb/>e&longs;t, vt bona per&longs;equatur, mala declinet: illa verò vt <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> naturas percipiat, & agenda fugiendaúe <lb/>præ&longs;cribat. Hominis ergo perfectio po&longs;ita erit in eo, vt bona per&longs;equi, mala autem vitare con&longs;ue­<lb/>&longs;cat, & <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> naturas optimè &longs;crutetur. <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> agendo <expan abbr="cõparatur">comparatur</expan>, quòd Græci dixerunt <foreign lang="greek">pzai\thein</foreign>, <lb/>alterum contemplando, quod ijdem appellarunt <foreign lang="greek">qewzei)/n</foreign>. Hæc officia &longs;ola homine libero digna <lb/>reputarunt, & ad ea prærogatiuam philo&longs;ophia pertinere voluerunt. &longs;iquidem ab hi&longs;ce duobus <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg476"></arrow.to.target><lb/>officiis extitit duplex philo&longs;ophandi genus, alterum quod appellatur practicum, atque alterum, <lb/>quod dicitur contemplans, quod per habitus illos pertinet qui &longs;cientiæ vocantur. <expan abbr="Cũ">Cum</expan> igitur hoc <lb/>philo&longs;ophandi genus, in rerum naturis & e&longs;&longs;entiis explorandis <expan abbr="po&longs;itũ">po&longs;itum</expan> &longs;it, planum e&longs;t, quòd quot <lb/>erunt <expan abbr="e&longs;&longs;entiarũ">e&longs;&longs;entiarum</expan> genera, totidem quoque habitus <expan abbr="cont&etilde;plantes">contemplantes</expan>, &longs;iue &longs;cientias e&longs;&longs;e oportet. quandò <lb/>habitus ex fine & obiecta &longs;pecie di&longs;tinguuntur. At verò rerum <expan abbr="definiendarũ">definiendarum</expan> & <expan abbr="quarũ">quarum</expan> definitio & <lb/>quid e&longs;t a&longs;signatur, aliæ ita cum corpore & materia &longs;en&longs;ili coniunctæ &longs;unt, vt &longs;ine illis neque con­<lb/>&longs;i&longs;tere, neque concipi queant, vt &longs;imum & ambulare, <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> in altero nares, in altero crura conti­<lb/>nentur. Ali&ecedil; &longs;unt in materia, vt &longs;ine ip&longs;a <expan abbr="quid&etilde;">quidem</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> con&longs;eruentur, veruntamen &longs;ine ip&longs;a intelligan­<lb/>tur, veluti <expan abbr="rectũ">rectum</expan> & curuum, quæ &longs;unt &longs;emper in ligno & lapide, nihilominus, non &longs;emper lapidi <lb/>lignoúe affiguntur; &longs;ed <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> corpore cogitantur à qualitatibus &longs;en&longs;ilibus ab&longs;oluto & citra <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> .i. <lb/>non includunt <expan abbr="aliquã">aliquam</expan> <expan abbr="ration&etilde;">rationem</expan> agendi & patiendi, <expan abbr="&longs;olo&qacute;">&longs;oloque</expan>. interuallo <expan abbr="cõtenta">contenta</expan> &longs;unt; <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> c&ecedil;teræ form&ecedil; <lb/>&longs;int, aut in certa materia, aut præ&longs;eferant <expan abbr="ration&etilde;">rationem</expan> agendi & patiendi, vt prim&ecedil; qualitates, aut certè <lb/>ratio agendi <expan abbr="pati&etilde;di&qacute;">patiendique</expan>. ip&longs;is &longs;upponatur, vt reliquis quæ ex primis qualitatib. oriuntur. Aliæ &longs;unt, <lb/>quæ <expan abbr="e&longs;&longs;entiã">e&longs;&longs;entiam</expan> obtinent ab <expan abbr="oĩ">oim</expan> materia <expan abbr="liberã">liberam</expan>. vt D. O. M. <expan abbr="Cũ">Cum</expan> igitur aliqua &longs;int quæ principia motus <lb/>in &longs;e contineant, motus verò <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> &longs;it natura. ex hoc &longs;cientia quæ in <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> <expan abbr="cont&etilde;platione">contemplatione</expan> poni­<lb/>tur, appellatur naturalis, quæ verò tractat res quæ &longs;ine motu <expan abbr="cõcipi">concipi</expan> po&longs;&longs;unt, dicitur à certitudine <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg477"></arrow.to.target><lb/>mathematica, <expan abbr="&longs;iquid&etilde;">&longs;iquidem</expan> ea quæ &longs;ine motu concipiuntur in abaco de&longs;cribi & oculis &longs;ubijci po&longs;sint, <lb/><foreign lang="greek">maqei_n</foreign> enim idem valet àc videre; qu&ecedil; con&longs;iderat ea <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> e&longs;&longs;entia vel ratione, vel reip&longs;a &longs;epara­<lb/>tur à materia &longs;en&longs;ili, cuiu&longs;modi &longs;unt vniuer&longs;alia <expan abbr="qu&ecedil;dã">qu&ecedil;dam</expan> & natura diuina à <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> gradu prima phi­<lb/>lo&longs;ophia, &longs;eu theologia; ab ordine doctrinæ po&longs;t naturalia vocatur. Eius methodi partes du&ecedil; <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan>, <lb/><expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> item ea quæ à materia &longs;en&longs;ili &longs;eparantur, vel vniuer&longs;alia &longs;unt quæ idcirco indiffe­<lb/>rentia dicuntur, vel ab omni concretione materiæ &longs;ecreta, vt Deus. cuius <expan abbr="&longs;peculation&etilde;">&longs;peculationem</expan> <expan abbr="per&longs;equ&etilde;s">per&longs;equens</expan> <lb/>humana mens, & huc omnia <expan abbr="dirig&etilde;s">dirigens</expan> ex illius intelligentiæ præ&longs;cripto <expan abbr="cũcta">cuncta</expan> di&longs;ponit. itaque duas <lb/>partes &longs;u&ecedil; methodi facit, <expan abbr="alterã">alteram</expan> quæ e&longs;t <foreign lang="greek">pazask<gap/>h\</foreign> & apparatus qua exponitur, quid ip&longs;i conue­<lb/>niat, quatenus <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> beneficio qu&ecedil; tractantur, habet <expan abbr="imperiũ">imperium</expan> in c&ecedil;teras, atque <expan abbr="alterã">alteram</expan> qua res ip&longs;i <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> <lb/>explicantur. Mathematicæ multæ &longs;unt partes. Nam &longs;icut duplex e&longs;t genus quantitatis, <expan abbr="continuũ">continuum</expan>, <lb/>&longs;. & <expan abbr="di&longs;cretũ">di&longs;cretum</expan>, & vtrunque vel per &longs;e <expan abbr="cõ&longs;ideratur">con&longs;ideratur</expan>, vel vt re&longs;picit aliud, &longs;ic per &longs;e geometria de conti­<lb/>nuo di&longs;&longs;erit, arithmetica de di&longs;creto. In &longs;en&longs;ilibus quantitas di&longs;creta ab harmonico &longs;pectatur, con­<lb/>tinua ab A&longs;trologo & optico, multas alias eius partes con&longs;ultò dimitto, <expan abbr="cõtentus">contentus</expan> pr&ecedil;cipuis, <expan abbr="quãdò">quandò</expan> <pb pagenum="51"/> <arrow.to.target n="marg478"></arrow.to.target><lb/>reliquæ nihil ad Ari&longs;totelem. Practicarum finis e&longs;t generatim bonum humanum cuius habitus <lb/>prudentia nominatur. eius verò tria &longs;unt membra &longs;icut etiam bonum humanum tres <expan abbr="cõtinet">continet</expan> ha­<lb/>bitudines, aut enim habenti ip&longs;i bonum e&longs;t, quod cùm ex a&longs;&longs;uetudine partum &longs;it <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> Gr&ecedil;ci <expan abbr="vocãt">vocant</expan> <lb/><foreign lang="greek">e)/qos, h)qiko\n</foreign> appellatur, aut e&longs;t bonum familiæ & <foreign lang="greek">tw_| o_ikw|</foreign>. cuius gubernatio dicitur œconomia, <lb/>à qua prudentia œconomica denominatur aut e&longs;t bonum reip. cuius gubernatio cùm politia dica­<lb/>tur à Gr&ecedil;cis etiam facultati & prudenti&ecedil; politic&ecedil; nomen dedit. H&ecedil;c ergo philo&longs;ophia &longs;pectat, qu&ecedil; <lb/>in &longs;e&longs;e rationem continet boni, quod agendo <expan abbr="cõparatur">comparatur</expan>, & pulchri quòd contemplando accedit, <lb/>nihil infra ip&longs;a re&longs;piciens, qua&longs;i quicquid infra e&longs;t, &longs;eruile habendum &longs;it. Cùm tamen & &longs;&ecedil;pe de <lb/>artibus incidat &longs;ermo, in methodis Ari&longs;toteleis, aliqua de ip&longs;is vniuersè &longs;cribere placet qu&ecedil; <expan abbr="valeãt">valeant</expan> <lb/>&longs;cilicet ad pr&ecedil;ceptoris no&longs;tri &longs;ententias illu&longs;trandas. Iam docuimus, vt in artibus illæ quoque re­<lb/>ponantur qu&ecedil; <expan abbr="nullũ">nullum</expan> opus ex operatione relinquunt, quòd non ex con&longs;ilio & electione <expan abbr="profici&longs;cã-tur">profici&longs;can­<lb/>tur</expan>, vt illæ quas practicas propriè dicimus. & quòd imitantur. artes operando, non con&longs;ultantes <lb/>quid ex quo agendum &longs;it, & &longs;i nihil ex operatione relinquunt, non ex eo na&longs;citur, quia &longs;int actio­<lb/>nes animi, ex eorum genere quas immanentes vocant; &longs;ed quòd in ea materia &longs;e exercent qu&ecedil; <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb/>retinet &longs;peciem impre&longs;&longs;am ab artifice, vt lignum retinet &longs;camni formam, exemplig. &longs;oni <expan abbr="&longs;ubiectũ">&longs;ubiectum</expan> <lb/>e&longs;t aër, &longs;ed eius &longs;pecies ex ab&longs;entia &longs;onantis euane&longs;cit. ita & motionis &longs;pecies quæ oritur ex arte <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg479"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;altandi, manet in ip&longs;a motione, & cum ip&longs;a tantum propagatur. itaque & mens qu&ecedil; in eiu&longs;modi <lb/>ver&longs;atur operationibus effectricis non autem practic&ecedil; nomine digna e&longs;t habita. Nunc eas multi­<lb/>fariam partiri philo&longs;ophi videntur. Primùm quidem ex modo quo finem &longs;uum <expan abbr="cõ&longs;equi">con&longs;equi</expan> po&longs;&longs;unt, <lb/>aut enim earum finis e&longs;t in facientis pote&longs;tate po&longs;itus, ita vt nunquàm artifex &longs;uo fine fru&longs;tretur, <lb/>&longs;i omnia aptè & appo&longs;itè fecerit, vt finem <expan abbr="cõ&longs;equatur">con&longs;equatur</expan>. Sunt & artes quarum finis non ab artifice, <lb/>&longs;ed ab alio pendet, in quibus etiam magnam partem &longs;olet habere fortuna, has facultatis nomine <lb/>notare voluerunt, quia facultas incertum euentum præ&longs;eferat, & <expan abbr="infinitat&etilde;">infinitatem</expan>. & cùm incertos &longs;uc­<lb/>ce&longs;&longs;us habeant, locum dare <expan abbr="cõ&longs;ultationi">con&longs;ultationi</expan> videntur, qua vel &longs;ic vel aliter faciendum e&longs;&longs;e iudicetur, <lb/>vt propo&longs;ito fine potiantur, (&longs;emper .n. re&longs;piciunt finem, licet ip&longs;um non &longs;emper a&longs;&longs;equi po&longs;sint) <lb/>à <expan abbr="cõiectura">coniectura</expan> coniectrices dictæ &longs;unt. tales &longs;unt Dialectica, Oratoria, Medicina, Nautica, Militaris. <lb/>Proinde cùm finis in <expan abbr="earũ">earum</expan> pote&longs;tate non &longs;it, ab iis non &longs;olet finis, &longs;ed officium de&longs;iderati duntaxat. <lb/>Secundò di&longs;tribuuntur artes ex modo faciendi. vt quamuis & marmorarius & lutarius & fu&longs;or <lb/>&longs;tatuam faciant, quia <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> &longs;it idem omnium faciendi modus, artifices ijdem <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> &longs;unt. Non &longs;anè dico <lb/>eo&longs;dem non e&longs;&longs;e artifices, quòd <expan abbr="eand&etilde;">eandem</expan> materiam non tractent: &longs;ed non <expan abbr="eod&etilde;">eodem</expan> modo. Nanque <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg480"></arrow.to.target><lb/>idem artifex e&longs;&longs;e pote&longs;t, qui fundendo &longs;tatuam facit ex auro & plumbo. Itaque notabat Galenus <lb/><emph type="sup"/>a<emph.end type="sup"/> &ecedil;tatis &longs;u&ecedil; medicos qui <expan abbr="medicinã">medicinam</expan> &longs;ecarent in <expan abbr="totid&etilde;">totidem</expan> partes, quot &longs;unt corporis humani & <expan abbr="quidã">quidam</expan> <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg481"></arrow.to.target><lb/>Rom&ecedil; e&longs;&longs;ent ocularij medici, nonnulli auricularij, neque .n. id ex artis natura cùm vna &longs;it <expan abbr="partiũ">partium</expan> <lb/><expan abbr="omniũ">omnium</expan> medicina: &longs;ed ex <expan abbr="cõmoditate">commoditate</expan> na&longs;cebatur. <expan abbr="&longs;iquid&etilde;">&longs;iquidem</expan> eam artis <expan abbr="portion&etilde;">portionem</expan> profiterentur è qua <lb/>victum &longs;ibi parare po&longs;&longs;e &longs;perarent, c&ecedil;teras negligebant. quòd &longs;i victui nece&longs;&longs;aria <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> &longs;uppedita&longs;&longs;et <lb/>ea portio medicin&ecedil;, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> euenire &longs;olebat in Gr&ecedil;cia, aut &longs;olum vertere cogebantur, aut <lb/>alias artis medic&ecedil; partes exercere. Tertiò vel artes materiam faciunt, vel parant, vel perficiunt id <lb/>quod natura <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> potuit ab&longs;oluere, vel <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> mini&longs;tr&ecedil; &longs;unt ad quas etiam referri dicimus organicas. <lb/>faciunt <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> figuli, dum lateres &ecedil;dificatori efficiunt, <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> parant fabri qui <expan abbr="ferrũ">ferrum</expan> repurgant. <lb/>ab&longs;oluunt ea qu&ecedil; natura pr&ecedil;&longs;tare non pote&longs;t, vt lanifices; mini&longs;trant, vel qu&ecedil; faciunt in&longs;trumenta. <lb/>vt frenorum fabricatrix eque&longs;tri, vel qu&ecedil; impedimenta remouent, & applicant agentia principia <lb/>ad patientia. Quamobrem Medici clamant, Naturas e&longs;&longs;e <expan abbr="morborũ">morborum</expan> curatrices, modicos <expan abbr="aut&etilde;">autem</expan> mini­<lb/>&longs;tros. Po&longs;tremò ex fine di&longs;tinguuntur. quòd variis modis ad humanos v&longs;us <expan abbr="accõmodentur">accommodentur</expan>. etenim <lb/>aut nece&longs;sitatis ergò operantur, aut <expan abbr="cõmodi">commodi</expan>, aut voluptatis. ex hoc ordine &longs;unt <foreign lang="greek">kos mhtikai\</foreign> dictæ, <lb/>ide&longs;t ornatrices & fortè <foreign lang="greek">memhtikai\</foreign>, i. imitatrices, vt poëtica. hæ qu&ecedil; in &longs;olam <expan abbr="voluptat&etilde;">voluptatem</expan> <expan abbr="collimãt">collimant</expan>, <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg482"></arrow.to.target><lb/>mea quidem &longs;ententia &longs;unt omnium abiecti&longs;sim&ecedil;; quippe qu&ecedil; &longs;olum illam animi no&longs;tri partem <lb/>re&longs;piciant, qu&ecedil; bruta e&longs;t. qu&ecedil; <expan abbr="cõmodum">commodum</expan> <expan abbr="&longs;olũ">&longs;olum</expan> intendunt, c&ecedil;teris pr&ecedil;ferendæ, &longs;unt enim vt bene ho­<lb/>mini &longs;it: atqui multò pr&ecedil;&longs;tantius e&longs;t e&longs;&longs;e bene, quàm e&longs;&longs;e &longs;impliciter. <emph type="sup"/>b<emph.end type="sup"/> Omnes <expan abbr="tam&etilde;">tamen</expan> vniuersè <arrow.to.target n="marg483"></arrow.to.target> lon­<lb/><lb/>gi&longs;simo tractu practicis & contemplantibus cedunt, & ip&longs;is origine & natura po&longs;teriores, &longs;unt: <lb/>etenim politicæ &longs;eruiunt cuius vniuer&longs;a officia po&longs;ita &longs;unt in eo quòd ociosè contemplari valea­<lb/>mus, ill&ecedil; <expan abbr="omniũ">omnium</expan> infimæ qu&ecedil; reponuntur in mini&longs;tris, quòd natura cedant, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> in aliarum <expan abbr="gratiã">gratiam</expan> <expan abbr="in-u&etilde;tæ">in­<lb/>uentæ</expan> fuerint, & origine po&longs;teriores &longs;int. <expan abbr="Nã">Nam</expan> veri&longs;imile e&longs;t, ni&longs;i vtens e&longs;&longs;et, <expan abbr="nullũ">nullum</expan> fore <expan abbr="officiũ">officium</expan> in&longs;tru­<lb/>menti, <emph type="sup"/>c<emph.end type="sup"/> vt ni&longs;i fuerit qui colat domum, fru&longs;tra futura &longs;it domus. Omnibus his analytica vilior & <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg484"></arrow.to.target><lb/>origine po&longs;terior. <expan abbr="qñ">qnm</expan> <expan abbr="o&etilde;s">oens</expan> &longs;cientiæ & artes recta ratione vtuntur, illæ <expan abbr="quid&etilde;">quidem</expan> <expan abbr="cont&etilde;plantes">contemplantes</expan>, hæ verò <lb/>efficientes, & practicæ recta ratione agentes, quæ <expan abbr="prud&etilde;tia">prudentia</expan> nominatur. Porrò rectæ rationis regu­<lb/>las analytica docet: itaque omnibus ancillatur. & prius generatim bon&ecedil; <expan abbr="artificũ">artificum</expan> operationes exti­<lb/>terunt quàm regul&ecedil; traditæ, vt prius aliquis <expan abbr="verũ">verum</expan> <expan abbr="cont&etilde;plando">contemplando</expan> conclu&longs;it, ex hoc regul&ecedil; ob&longs;eruat&ecedil; <lb/>quibus <expan abbr="verũ">verum</expan> <expan abbr="cõcludi">concludi</expan> po&longs;&longs;et. <emph type="sup"/>d<emph.end type="sup"/> Igitur analytica omnibus his & origine & natura po&longs;terior. Sed his <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg485"></arrow.to.target><lb/>omi&longs;sis in quæ nulla dubitatio cadit, ad practicas accedamus & eas <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> &longs;peculantibus <expan abbr="cõparemus">comparemus</expan>. <pb pagenum="52"/>Profectò &longs;i præ&longs;tantius e&longs;t imperare, quàm &longs;eruire <emph type="sup"/>a<emph.end type="sup"/> & imperat ciuilis artes in ciuitate <expan abbr="cõ&longs;tituens">con&longs;tituens</expan>, <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg486"></arrow.to.target><lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg487"></arrow.to.target><lb/>& &longs;ingulis ciuibus &longs;ua munera præ&longs;cribens, nec non illa curans quæ pertinent ad <expan abbr="philo&longs;ophiã">philo&longs;ophiam</expan>, in­<lb/>&longs;tituens quas &longs;cientias in ciuitate, & quou&longs;que ciues eas recepturi &longs;int. <expan abbr="prudentis&qacute;">prudentisque</expan>. officium e&longs;t <lb/>&longs;ancire & decernere <emph type="sup"/>b<emph.end type="sup"/> qua&longs;cunque &longs;cientias vir ciuilis admittit in Repub. manife&longs;tum e&longs;t ciuilem <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg488"></arrow.to.target><lb/>omnibus aliis facultatibus & &longs;cientiis e&longs;&longs;e præponendam. Attamen, &longs;i vera &longs;unt Ari&longs;totelis docu­<lb/>menta, vt de facultatibus ex functione &longs;it iudicandum, & de functione ex rebus obiectis, aliter &longs;en­<lb/>tire oportet. Nam contemplatio rerum æternarum e&longs;t, formarum & mentium, quæ ab omni <lb/>materiæ concretione liberæ &longs;unt, vnde omnis imperfectio deriuatur, omnia verò per &longs;eip&longs;a pul­<lb/>cherrima & hone&longs;ti&longs;sima habentur. Et contemplatio ip&longs;a per &longs;e&longs;e munus e&longs;t præ&longs;tanti&longs;simum, <lb/>cùm &longs;it bonum continuum. neque enim requirit in&longs;trumenta corporea, aut parum admodum, <lb/>ex quorum v&longs;u defatigatio na&longs;citur, eadem quoque æterna e&longs;t, cùm re&longs;piciat obiecta, nulla habi­<lb/>ta ratione materiæ &longs;en&longs;ilis, vnde omnis mutatio na&longs;ci &longs;olet. & cùm res nece&longs;&longs;arias contemplatio <lb/>tractet, miras affert voluptates, nanque in eo po&longs;ita e&longs;t voluptas, vt expleatur de&longs;iderium, & ita <lb/>&longs;edetur, vbi fine potitum fuerit, at tùm maximè no&longs;tra mens &longs;edatur, vbi rem &longs;ic e&longs;&longs;e nouit, vt ali­<lb/>ter &longs;e habere non po&longs;sit; id quod &longs;ola contemplatio præ&longs;tat, officia verò ciuilis &longs;emper laborio&longs;a <lb/>&longs;unt, de fine &longs;emper anxia, quia facilè mutatur; itaque &longs;emper cogitant, & quid agendum &longs;it <arrow.to.target n="marg489"></arrow.to.target> a&longs;si­<lb/><lb/>duè con&longs;ultant. Contemplatio in &longs;eip&longs;a &longs;pem omnem &longs;ui repo&longs;itam habet, auxilia re&longs;puit, in &longs;o­<lb/>litudine exerceri pote&longs;t. Proinde Scipio nunquam &longs;e minus &longs;olum quàm cùm &longs;olus e&longs;&longs;et, e&longs;&longs;e di­<lb/>cebat. Tùm etiam propter &longs;e expetitur & libera e&longs;t. c&ecedil;terarum functionum alius e&longs;t finis. <expan abbr="Demũ">Demum</expan> <lb/>nulla actio &longs;iue effectio pote&longs;t exhiberi, ni&longs;i contemplatio præcedat, qu&ecedil; quid agendum, quomo­<lb/>doúe agendum &longs;it, dictatur. Conuerte te nunc, quæ&longs;o ad actionem. hæc, vt dictum e&longs;t, auxilium <lb/>contemplationis implorat, aliud ex &longs;eip&longs;a producit, vt ex fortitudine pacem, virtus indiget exter­<lb/>nis. nam liberati ad largiendum pecuniis opus e&longs;t. iu&longs;to ad pr&ecedil;&longs;tandam iu&longs;titiam &longs;atellitibus forti <lb/>viribus & armis. eadem &longs;edat animi perturbationes; tranquilla autem mens optimè &longs;peculatur. <lb/>Actio re&longs;picit hominem quatenus humana con&longs;tat natura: contemplatio beatarum mentium <lb/>munus e&longs;t & hominis, quà partem propè diuinam in &longs;eip&longs;o continet. Quanto igitur Deus homi­<lb/>ni præ&longs;tat; tanto quoque actioni contemplationem pr&ecedil;&longs;tare putandum e&longs;t. Etenim actio e&longs;t fun­<lb/>ctio &longs;ecundum virtutem moralem; atqui functio quæ &longs;ecundum mores e&longs;t, ad res pertinet huma­<lb/>nas. nam functio &longs;ecundum fortitudinem & iu&longs;titiam, <expan abbr="c&ecedil;teras&qacute;">c&ecedil;terasque</expan>. virtutes atque omnino quæ na­<lb/>&longs;cuntur ex prudentia &longs;pectant affectus internos, vel actus externos, quæ &longs;unt res humanæ. Nam <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg490"></arrow.to.target><lb/>cum virtutibus prudentia coniuncta e&longs;t, cùm eius principia quæ &longs;unt fines humani boni con&longs;e­<lb/>quendi profici&longs;cantur à virtutibus. Eæ verò ab ip&longs;a prudentia ad bonum finem dirigantur: quan­<lb/>dò virtus efficit rectum propo&longs;itum: prudentia verò vniuer&longs;a regit quæ ad ip&longs;um producunt, vt <lb/>qua&longs;i clauum tenens virtutum moralium, &longs;ecundum dirigat cur&longs;um, quo in optimum finem tan­<lb/>quam in portum &longs;ecuri&longs;simum ferantur. Itaque tanta e&longs;t cognatio prudentiæ cum virtutibus, vt <lb/>à &longs;e inuicem diuelli nequeant: proinde prudentia virtus e&longs;t hominis propria. Huc accedit quòd <lb/>virtutes & prudentia &longs;unt compo&longs;iti, quia pertinent ad illam animi facultatem, quæ po&longs;ita e&longs;t in <lb/>&longs;en&longs;ibus, Deos autem quos <expan abbr="derid&etilde;da">deridenda</expan> vetu&longs;tas approbauit, ocio&longs;os quidem e&longs;&longs;e velle <expan abbr="inepti&longs;simũ">inepti&longs;simum</expan> <lb/>&longs;ed multò quoque ab&longs;urdius illis attribuere prudentiam quæ po&longs;ita e&longs;t in delectu bonorum & <lb/>malorum; quibus mali nihil e&longs;&longs;e pote&longs;t. quid item illis opus e&longs;t ratiocinatione qua vtimur ad eam <lb/>rem, vt apertis ob&longs;cura a&longs;&longs;equamur. aut enim Deo nihil ob&longs;curum e&longs;&longs;e pote&longs;t, aut id ip&longs;um non <lb/>curat. Quid iu&longs;titia, qu&ecedil; &longs;uum cuique tribuit, pertinet ad Deos? hominum enim &longs;ocietas & com­<lb/>munitas iu&longs;titiam procreauit. Quo etiam pacto fortis Deus intelligetur? in dolore, an in labore, <lb/>an in periculo? quorum Deum nihil attingit. Quis erit locus in c&ecedil;lo temperantiæ, fine <expan abbr="&qacute;ue">que</expan> etiam <lb/>voluptatibus ob&longs;cœnis ibi e&longs;t locus? ni&longs;i ea dicamus & &longs;tulti&longs;simè credamus qu&ecedil; plena &longs;unt <arrow.to.target n="marg491"></arrow.to.target> futili­<lb/><lb/>tatis <expan abbr="&longs;umm&ecedil;&qacute;">&longs;umm&ecedil;que</expan>. leuitatis, ætates, ve&longs;titus, ornatus, coniugia, cognationes, cupiditates, ægritudines, <lb/>iracundias, bella, prælia, vel quòd duos exercitus <expan abbr="cõtrarios">contrarios</expan>, vt apud <expan abbr="Homerũ">Homerum</expan>, alij dij ex alia parte <lb/>defenderent, vel quòd cum Titanis aut gigantibus propria bella ge&longs;&longs;erunt. Quid illud quòd</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg470"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg471"></margin.target>c 6. Met. <lb/>T. 4. <lb/>Met. &longs;um. <lb/>3. c. 2.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg472"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg473"></margin.target>a 3. de An. <lb/>lib. de mo­<lb/>tu an.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg474"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg475"></margin.target>b 10. Met. <lb/>T. vlt.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg476"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg477"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg478"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg479"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg480"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg481"></margin.target>a Gal. lib. <lb/>de part. ar. <lb/>med.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg482"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg483"></margin.target>b 3. Top.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg484"></margin.target>c 4. de par. <lb/>an. c. 10.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg485"></margin.target>d 1. Rhet.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg486"></margin.target>a 1. Eth. c. <lb/>2. 6. Eth. c.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg487"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg488"></margin.target>b 1. Pol.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg489"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg490"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg491"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Sæpe etiam Iuno maxima c&ecedil;licolûm.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Coniugis in culpa flagrauit quotidiana</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>No&longs;cens omniuoli plurima furta Iouis?</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Et Mercurius, cuius ob&longs;cœnius excitata natura traditur, quòd a&longs;pectu Pro&longs;erpinæ commotus <lb/>&longs;it. & ea quæ de Vulcano Vergilius</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Optatos amplexus, <expan abbr="placidum&qacute;">placidumque</expan>. petiuit</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Coniugis infu&longs;us. gremio per membra &longs;oporem.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Iam verò dij ab&longs;ci&longs;si, exoleti, ver&longs;ipelles, fures, in vinculis habiti, fulminibus appetiti, vulnera­<lb/>ti, qui dies &longs;upremos obierint, <expan abbr="terrenas&qacute;">terrenasque</expan>, &longs;epulturas meruerint, omnes &longs;tultiti&ecedil; terminos &longs;uperat. <lb/>Saturnus item cum obunca falce cu&longs;tos ruris, vt aliquis ramorum lux <expan abbr="uriantiũ">uriantium</expan> ton&longs;or; <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> peta&longs;o­<lb/>gnatus Mai&ecedil;, <expan abbr="tanquã">tanquam</expan> vias aggredi pr&ecedil;paret; & <expan abbr="&longs;ol&etilde;">&longs;olem</expan> <expan abbr="puluer&etilde;&qacute;">puluerenque</expan>. declinet, <expan abbr="id&etilde;">idem</expan> priuatus <foreign lang="greek">a)zgeifo/nths</foreign>. <pb pagenum="53"/> <arrow.to.target n="marg492"></arrow.to.target><lb/>Deum mater cum tympano, cum tibijs & p&longs;alterijs mu&longs;æ. Meminit Plutarchus in eo libro, quo <lb/>di&longs;putat, &longs;it'ne &longs;eni admini&longs;tranda Re&longs;p. &longs;eniores Mercurios à veteribus, ita fingi &longs;olitos &longs;ine ma­<lb/>nibus & pedibus membris virilibus arrectis: quanquàm &longs;ignificare voluerunt &longs;enes à c&ecedil;teris mu­<lb/>neribus quæ corpore obeuntur, immunes; oratione, & con&longs;ilio remp. adiuuare, & publicorum <lb/>commodorum e&longs;&longs;e fœcundos: non erat nihil ominus quòd &longs;ymbolum tam ob&longs;cœnum excogita­<lb/>rent. Plena erant non modo poëtarum volumina con&longs;imilibus figmentis, &longs;ed ædes & templa. <lb/>Quanto &longs;tultius illi qui brutorum formas attribuebant dijs immortalibus; qui error etiam per­<lb/>man&longs;it v&longs;que ad tempora Num&ecedil;. Quamobrem illi eo nomine gratia e&longs;t habenda, quòd primus <lb/>vetuerit Romanos (vt Plutarchi verbis vtar) <foreign lang="greek">anqzwpoeidh_ kai\ zwomo\zfon qeou_ di)kona nomi/zein</foreign>, <lb/>ide&longs;t imaginem Dei &longs;peciem præ&longs;eferre hominis aut bellu&ecedil; putare. Verùm h&ecedil;c mi&longs;&longs;a faciamus, & <lb/>redeamus ad Deos, quos neque otio contabe&longs;cere natura rerum patitur, neque ratione vti, aut <lb/>manere in officio, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> imbecillitas humana requireret. Siqua igitur functio <expan abbr="propria&qacute;">propriaque</expan>. <lb/>voluptas e&longs;t, eam omnem in contemplatione meritò collocabimus. Itaque c&ecedil;teris <expan abbr="hominũ">hominum</expan> fun­<lb/>ctionibus contemplatio præ&longs;tabit, & quamuis prudentia <expan abbr="politica&qacute;">politicaque</expan>. facultas de &longs;cientiis & con­<lb/>templandi ratione multa con&longs;tituat, vt ip&longs;i &longs;apienti&ecedil; quodammodo imperare videatur; &longs;cire licet <lb/>permagni intere&longs;&longs;e imperare de aliquo, & illi imperare. Nanque imperare de aliquo &longs;ignificat <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg493"></arrow.to.target><lb/>imperare gratia illius, alicui verò imperare idem e&longs;t atque illo vti tanquam mini&longs;tro. hoc &longs;upe­<lb/>rioris officium e&longs;t, illud arguit &longs;eruitutem. Porrò in ædibus atrien&longs;is omnibus præe&longs;t, omniaque <lb/>di&longs;pen&longs;at; &longs;ed nondum idem imperat omnibus; verùm domino otium parat, ne is præpeditus <lb/>rerum nece&longs;sitate di&longs;&longs;oluatur, quominus hone&longs;tè <expan abbr="quippiã">quippiam</expan> & officio&longs;i agat. Sed dominus atrien&longs;i <lb/>imperat. Eadem ratione prudentia tanquam &longs;apientiæ quidam atrien&longs;is illi otium parat, vt &longs;uo <lb/>fungatur officio cohibendo affectus, <expan abbr="eos&qacute;">eosque</expan>. <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> tollendo pror&longs;us, hoc enim neque fieri pote&longs;t, nec <lb/>humanum ingenium tolerat; &longs;ed temperando &longs;olùm. Non ergo præcipit politica &longs;apientiæ, &longs;ed <lb/>ip&longs;ius gratia tantum. Quare tantum abe&longs;t vt hic imperandi modus indicet politicæ nobilitatem, <lb/>vt potius conuincat oppo&longs;itum; &longs;icut etiam quòd Deos curet non &longs;ignificat ip&longs;am dijs e&longs;&longs;e præ­<lb/>&longs;tantiorem. nec quòd medicina magis eligenda <expan abbr="potior&qacute;">potiorque</expan>. &longs;it quàm bona valetudo, quamuis pa­<lb/>ret valetudinem & imperet ægro; quia imperat propter illam. Hactenus igitur o&longs;ten&longs;um e&longs;t con­<lb/>templationem actioni præ&longs;tare & idcirco &longs;cientias facultati ciuili anteponendas e&longs;&longs;e.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg492"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg493"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Comparatur &longs;cientia naturalis cum cæteris &longs;cientijs. Cap. X<emph.end type="italics"/>.<lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg494"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg494"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>PRAESTAT &longs;anè &longs;cientia duobus nobilitate rei, quæ tractatur & <foreign lang="greek">a)kzibei/a</foreign>. Sed huius <lb/>vocis <foreign lang="greek">a)kzibei/a</foreign> notio multiplex e&longs;t. etenim latinè diligentia dici po&longs;&longs;e videtur. Quam­<lb/>obrem iubet Ari&longs;toteles, non in omnibus eandem diligentiam e&longs;&longs;e requirendam. <emph type="sup"/>a<emph.end type="sup"/> Et</s></p> <p type="main"> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg495"></arrow.to.target> admone­<lb/><lb/>bat M. Tullius in epilogis nihil nimis enucleandum; minutam e&longs;&longs;e enim omnem diligentiam, <expan abbr="eũ">eum</expan> <lb/>verò locum grandia requirere: hoc verò e&longs;t cùm &longs;ingula ponuntur ob oculos & ad tenue eliman­<lb/>tur. Proximè puto ego illa voce &longs;ignificari certitudinem quam item per&longs;picuitati maximè <expan abbr="affin&etilde;">affinem</expan> <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e credo: &longs;iquis hæc idem valere non recipiat. hanc verò non in eo ponerem tantùm quòd &longs;in­<lb/>gula exponantur: &longs;ed quòd res in ea principia di&longs;&longs;oluatur quæ per &longs;eip&longs;a con&longs;picua &longs;unt & pro­<lb/>bè intelliguntur, & maxima illis fides habetur. Prior illa <foreign lang="greek">a\kzibei/a</foreign> potius in docente quàm in rei <lb/>natura po&longs;ita e&longs;&longs;e videtur. vnde in &longs;cientias nihil nobilitatis, pr&ecedil;&longs;tantiæúe redundare facilè opina­<lb/>bor. altera naturam methodi videtur attingere. H&ecedil;c verò à duobus fontibus peti &longs;olet, ab ingenio <lb/>demon&longs;trationis & rei &longs;ubiectæ. <emph type="sup"/>b<emph.end type="sup"/> Atqui demon&longs;trationis certitudo, &longs;eu per&longs;picuitatis non e&longs;t <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg496"></arrow.to.target><lb/>vniu&longs;modi. &longs;iquidem certior ea demon&longs;tratio perhibeatur quæ fidem facit ex cau&longs;sis quàm illa <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg497"></arrow.to.target><lb/>quæ rem e&longs;&longs;e tantummodò o&longs;tendit. aut &longs;i vtraque ducatur ex cau&longs;sis, erit illa certior quæ ex <lb/>cau&longs;sis certioribus pendebit, hoc e&longs;t ex cau&longs;sis natura prioribus & notioribus. At verò &longs;i cau&longs;&longs;æ <lb/>potiores vim finis obtineant, inde colligetur ea præ&longs;tantia quam in architectonicis anteà colloca­<lb/>uimus. Certior item demon&longs;tratio dicetur quæ con&longs;tabit ex cau&longs;sis quæ non modo natura; ve­<lb/>rumetiam nobis notiores &longs;int. Hæc po&longs;trema certitudo conuenit quoque &longs;ubiecto. <emph type="sup"/>c<emph.end type="sup"/> illud enim <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg498"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;ubiectum certius dicitur quod nobis notius e&longs;t, cuiu&longs;modi e&longs;t animal in methodo naturali. Pro­<lb/>ptereà docebat Ari&longs;toteles &longs;cientiam de animantibus e&longs;&longs;e præ&longs;tantem, quòd à nobis plenius co­<lb/>gno&longs;ci po&longs;&longs;unt: quandò &longs;tirpes & animantis &longs;ocias & familiareis habemus, quapropter eas vbe­<lb/>rius no&longs;&longs;e valemus: quippe cùm multa ine&longs;&longs;e in quoque genere po&longs;sit ille ob&longs;eruare, qui <expan abbr="labor&etilde;">laborem</expan> <lb/>non recu&longs;at. quòd igitur propiora &longs;unt nobis & <expan abbr="cognation&etilde;">cognationem</expan> habent cum humana natura, aliquid <lb/>cum rerum diuinarum &longs;tudio rependunt. Sed enim alia certitudo, &longs;eu per&longs;picuitas accipitur <lb/>à &longs;ubiecto. quoniam certior e&longs;t ea methodus qu&ecedil; non de &longs;ubiecto, quàm ea qu&ecedil; de &longs;ubiecto, ide&longs;t <lb/>illa certior qu&ecedil; de &longs;ola forma quàm ea qu&ecedil; formam &longs;pectat in materia &longs;en&longs;ili. Sic arithmetica cer­<lb/>tior e&longs;t quàm harmonica; quòd illa numerum ab omni qualitate &longs;en&longs;ili &longs;egregatum examinat, <lb/>hæc illum cum &longs;ono &longs;pectat. His ita con&longs;titutis &longs;atis apparet omnium pr&ecedil;&longs;tanti&longs;simam e&longs;&longs;e philo­ <pb pagenum="54"/>&longs;ophiam diuinam, & &longs;apientiam. Nam quid ad per&longs;picuitatem &longs;ubiecti pertinet, noti&longs;simum e&longs;t, <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg499"></arrow.to.target><lb/>quippe ens quod ab omnibus no&longs;citur, nihil &longs;eip&longs;o notius habet. Idem quoque &longs;implicius quàm <lb/>&longs;ubiecta c&ecedil;terarum facultatum; cum &longs;it ens vniuersè ad nullam certam rem applicatum &longs;ine ap­<lb/>po&longs;itione aliqua: quod verò &longs;ubiicitur cæteris &longs;it aut ens mobile, aut quantum. Prætereà diuina <lb/>philo&longs;ophia cau&longs;sis vtitur, atque illis omnium primis, vnde cætera omnia impetrarunt quòd <lb/>&longs;int; itaque &longs;unt omnium maximè. <expan abbr="eæ&qacute;ue">eæque</expan> &longs;icut omnium primæ natura, &longs;ic etiam natura no­<lb/>ti&longs;simæ: idcirco e&longs;t maximè &longs;cientia & ob id maximè docere pote&longs;t. eadem quoque, cùm &longs;um­<lb/>mum finem &longs;pectet c&ecedil;teris præferenda, quòd ad eas &longs;e habet vt Architecton, reliquas vt mini­<lb/>&longs;tras re&longs;piciens, quod olim à nobis expo&longs;itum e&longs;t. nec parcat dicto; &longs;ed omnibus pr&ecedil;cipiat, & <lb/>c&ecedil;teras regat, quo facilius perducantur in contemplationem primi entis, vnde etiam prima phi­<lb/>lo&longs;ophia nominatur. Siquo ip&longs;i dee&longs;t conditio per&longs;picuitatis, illa e&longs;t, quia non accipit nota no­<lb/>bis &longs;ed natura nota. Quapropter et&longs;i ordine naturæ &longs;uperat reliquas &longs;cientias ordine tamen do­<lb/>ctrinæ po&longs;tponenda e&longs;t. Phy&longs;ic&ecedil; proxima &longs;en&longs;ui per&longs;equitur & familiaria nobis, &longs;ed illa po&longs;te­<lb/>riora natura &longs;unt: neque enim de primo fine &longs;ermonem facere pote&longs;t, <expan abbr="&longs;olum&qacute;ue">&longs;olumque</expan> illi ip&longs;um at­<lb/>tingere &longs;ufficit, nihil habens quod de eo diligenter tractare po&longs;sit. Itaque non prima philo&longs;o­<lb/>phia; &longs;ed &longs;ecunda iure optimo cen&longs;etur. At verò proximè pendet à prima, vt ni&longs;i h&ecedil;c &longs;it, naturalis <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg500"></arrow.to.target><lb/>prima & &longs;ola reputari deberet, quemadmodum eam illi perhibebant, qui vltra ens &longs;en&longs;ile nullum <lb/>aliud no&longs;&longs;ent, & mathematicen &longs;cientiæ nomine non dignarentur. <emph type="sup"/>a<emph.end type="sup"/> Nos quid de mathematicis <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg501"></arrow.to.target><lb/>decernendum &longs;it po&longs;teà videbimus. Interim illud &longs;ilentio non videtur inuoluendum, vtpotè, <lb/>non alienum à con&longs;ilio no&longs;tro, Sit'ne futura prima phy&longs;ice, &longs;i diuina tollatur. id a&longs;&longs;erit Ari&longs;tote­<lb/>les. Scoti&longs;t&ecedil; cau&longs;&longs;am afferunt; quia &longs;ola philo&longs;ophia naturalis de &longs;ub&longs;tantia differeret, qu&ecedil; prima <lb/>e&longs;t omnium entium. &longs;iquidem &longs;ublata &longs;ub&longs;tantia quæ &longs;ecreta e&longs;t à materia, ab&longs;tractionis ratio de <lb/>medio tolleretur in qua po&longs;ita e&longs;t prima philo&longs;ophia: &longs;uper&longs;tes enim foret &longs;ola &longs;ub&longs;tantia na­<lb/>turalis quæ ab&longs;trahi non pote&longs;t. Alij contrà et&longs;i phy&longs;icen primam e&longs;&longs;e fatentur, diuina &longs;ublata <lb/>philo&longs;ophia, rationem tamen Scoti&longs;tarum non recipiunt & primam non origene phy&longs;icen e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>futuram defendunt, &longs;ed dignitate &longs;olùm atque præ&longs;tantia. Nam contra id quod accipiunt Sco­<lb/>ti&longs;tæ, nullam rationem ab&longs;tractionis &longs;upere&longs;&longs;e, opponunt multa. Tùm quia &longs;uper&longs;tes e&longs;&longs;et aliqua <lb/>vis ab&longs;tractionis quæ ad res naturales & mathematicas generatim pertineret, cuius explicatio fo­<lb/>ret muneris primi philo&longs;ophi. Tùm etiam quia multa &longs;uper&longs;unt à primo philo&longs;opho con&longs;ide­<lb/>randa quæ ab&longs;tractione illa non continentur quam Deo <expan abbr="mentibusq.">mentibusque</expan> &longs;epararis attribuimus. Non <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg502"></arrow.to.target><lb/>igitur erit origine prior &longs;cientia naturalis; &longs;ed &longs;i fortè, præ&longs;tantior. & certè ita erit, inquiunt, quia <lb/>&longs;ola &longs;pectabit &longs;ub&longs;tantiam &longs;impliciter: cùm c&ecedil;teroqui mathematicæ quantum con&longs;iderent. Quòd <lb/>&longs;ivideatur item requiri tractatio communium illorum attributorum & vt &longs;olet dici, tran&longs;cenden­<lb/>tium, adhuc philo&longs;ophia naturalis erit natura præponenda, quia cùm pauca admodum ea &longs;int <lb/>quæ ab&longs;trahi queant, &longs;cientiam &longs;eparatam non efficient, &longs;ed vt partes vni ex his &longs;cientiis adiun­<lb/>gentur. & &longs;icut in mathematicis aliqua, tamet&longs;i magnitudini <expan abbr="numero&qacute;">numeroque</expan>. conuenientia communi­<lb/>ter, non idcirco &longs;eor&longs;um tractantur, &longs;ed vel in geometria, vel in arithmetica traduntur, idem quo­<lb/>que iudicium de naturali &longs;cientia fiet. Quantum &longs;anè attinet ad Scoti&longs;tas, hæc aduer&longs;us illos for­<lb/>ta&longs;&longs;e plurimum valent, contra nos non item qui ens non vniuocum ponimus, <expan abbr="qui&qacute;ue">quique</expan> numerum <lb/>& magnitudinem vniuocè volumus e&longs;&longs;e quantitates & planè nouimus Euclideum progre&longs;&longs;um <lb/>ab Ari&longs;totele notatum, qui non vniuersè concluderet, <emph type="sup"/>b<emph.end type="sup"/> cùm tamen ratio vniuersè concludendi <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg503"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;uppeteret; & ab Alexandro de&longs;ignationes illas p&longs;eudographos habitas. <emph type="sup"/>c<emph.end type="sup"/> Nec id prohiberet, <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg504"></arrow.to.target><lb/>quominus e&longs;&longs;et alia &longs;cientia ad quam earum rerum tractatio pertineret, tamet&longs;i paucæ forent, <lb/>quia &longs;cientiæ non ex rerum magnitudine, &longs;ed fine, v&longs;u, & modo di&longs;tinguuntur: nec tollit quomi­<lb/>nus &longs;it ars ludendi &longs;cacchis à c&ecedil;teris &longs;eparata, quamuis paucis admodum verbis <expan abbr="cõprehendatur">comprehendatur</expan>. <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg505"></arrow.to.target><lb/>Sed hoc mi&longs;&longs;o &longs;pectemus argumenta oppo&longs;ita. Profectò ni&longs;i &longs;it aliqua &longs;ub&longs;tantia &longs;eparata, ne&longs;cio <lb/>futura'ne &longs;it aliqua &longs;cientia de communibus rei naturali & mathematicæ, quia reip&longs;a eadem e&longs;t <lb/>magnitudo naturalis: nec vlla communis &longs;cientia nece&longs;&longs;aria foret. Ac &longs;i rectè rem animaduertas, <lb/>omnis tran&longs;cendentia (&longs;ic enim notionem nouam nouo nomine appellare mihi liceat) na&longs;citur <lb/>ex affinitate & pendentia quæ inter &longs;ub&longs;tantias naturales & &longs;eparatas intercedit. his ergo &longs;ub&longs;tan­<lb/>tiis de medio &longs;ublatis pendentia, & &longs;ubinde tran&longs;cendentis ratio tolleretur. Adde quòd &longs;iqua fo­<lb/>ret &longs;cientia de tra&longs;cendentibus illis e&longs;&longs;et natura po&longs;terior, vt o&longs;tendemus qua de illorum vi di&longs;&longs;e­<lb/>retur, aut ad &longs;ummum prior &longs;ecundum rationem. itaque adhuc phy&longs;ica & origine & natura an­<lb/>teiret. Ergo &longs;i &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ &longs;eparatæ non e&longs;&longs;ent; nec philo&longs;ophia diuina; prima omnium foret na­<lb/>turalis. Mathematicæ cùm ex notis nobis, & natura &longs;imul efficiant id quod cupiunt, &longs;ic c&ecedil;teris <lb/>demon&longs;trationis per&longs;picuitate præponentur, nam vis rerum quas ip&longs;æ tractant, non e&longs;t <expan abbr="admodũ">admodum</expan> <lb/>nobilis; quippe quòd &longs;int accidentia, ide&longs;t habeat rationem &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ quatenus &longs;ubiicitur, & de­<lb/>terminatur quanto; <expan abbr="ea&qacute;">eaque</expan>. con&longs;iderentur longè &longs;ecus atque in natura exi&longs;tant; v&longs;que adeò vt non­<lb/>nullis non naturæ, &longs;ed mentis opera e&longs;&longs;e credatur. Attamen nonnullarum rerum ingenium tale <lb/><lb/>55/56 fehlt im Internet und als Vorlage <pb pagenum="57"/> <arrow.to.target n="marg506"></arrow.to.target><lb/>Tùm etiam eius forma non e&longs;t, quoniam eius e&longs;&longs;et definitio: huius enim munus e&longs;t explicare <arrow.to.target n="marg507"></arrow.to.target> for­<lb/><lb/>mam. Sed eius e&longs;t non definitio, verùm de&longs;criptio, nec forma igitur. Nec non ea quæ probantur, <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg508"></arrow.to.target><lb/>externa &longs;unt, nec intrin&longs;ecus à rei &longs;ub&longs;tantia pendent. Et ad idem confirmandum valet auctoritas <lb/>Ari&longs;totelis aientis, principia mathematices e&longs;&longs;e per &longs;imilitudinem, neque propria. <emph type="sup"/>a<emph.end type="sup"/> <expan abbr="Idem&qacute;">Idemque</expan>. non <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg509"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;ine cau&longs;&longs;a ab Ari&longs;totele acceptum; proptereà quòd omnes cau&longs;&longs;æ definiuntur per motum: effi­<lb/>ciens enim e&longs;t principium motus, finis cuius gratia motus e&longs;t, forma & materia &longs;unt naturæ; & mo­<lb/>tus igitur principia &longs;int nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t. At verò mathematica &longs;unt immobilia. Et nullum igitur ibi <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg510"></arrow.to.target><lb/>cau&longs;&longs;æ genus exi&longs;tit. Tùm etiam nulla affertur poti&longs;sima demon&longs;tratio. Siquidem definitio non <lb/>a&longs;&longs;umitur: & e&longs;to quòd a&longs;&longs;umatur, ea non interna e&longs;t, &longs;ed externa. Quin etiam vna e&longs;t cuiu&longs;que <lb/>rei demon&longs;tratio. Sed in his plures exhibentur; & recta, & quæ deducat ad id quod fieri nequit; <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg511"></arrow.to.target><lb/>& mediis adeò diuer&longs;is eadem conclu&longs;io <expan abbr="cõprehenditur">comprehenditur</expan>. Mathematicæ quoque rationibus <arrow.to.target n="marg512"></arrow.to.target> vtun­<lb/><lb/>tur quæ deducunt ad id quod fieri nequit: eæ verò non &longs;unt ex primis, &longs;ed à &longs;igno. Po&longs;tremò ve­<lb/>rè &longs;cientia tractat &longs;ub&longs;tantiam. proptereà tot philo&longs;ophiæ partes quot &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ. <emph type="sup"/>b<emph.end type="sup"/> Atqui <arrow.to.target n="marg513"></arrow.to.target> mathe­<lb/><lb/>matice relinquit eam naturali. C&ecedil;terùm toto c&ecedil;lo veteres <expan abbr="aberrãt">aberrant</expan>, nec de bono di&longs;tinguere &longs;ciunt. <lb/>quandoquidem bonum duplex e&longs;t hone&longs;tum & honore dignum <foreign lang="greek">to\kalo/n</foreign> Græci vocant, atque <lb/>alterum, cui conuenit laus; Græcè dicitur <foreign lang="greek">a)gaqo/n</foreign> hone&longs;tum quidem propter &longs;e expetitur; <arrow.to.target n="marg514"></arrow.to.target> lau­<lb/><lb/>dandum propter aliud expeti pote&longs;t. hone&longs;tum e&longs;t in immobilibus alterum motu & actione <expan abbr="cõ-paratur">con­<lb/>paratur</expan>. Nunc <expan abbr="cont&etilde;platio">contemplatio</expan> ex hone&longs;tis e&longs;t; quippe quæ aliena e&longs;t à motu. Quapropter <foreign lang="greek">h)<gap/>h/mh</foreign>, <lb/>&longs;cientia vocata e&longs;t à &longs;tatu, <emph type="sup"/>c<emph.end type="sup"/> quòd &longs;edatis humoribus ætatis autem proce&longs;&longs;u id fit; & <arrow.to.target n="marg515"></arrow.to.target> perturbationi­<lb/><lb/>bus id quod præ&longs;tat virtus, nobis accedat, & id ita proprium &longs;apienti&ecedil; habitum e&longs;t, vt M. Varro in <lb/>&longs;eriis quoque di&longs;ceptationibus imperet quietem. Romanus, inquiens, &longs;edendo &longs;apit. Hoc genere <lb/>boni præditæ &longs;unt mathematicæ; & verum continent, quòd per &longs;e expetendum e&longs;t; & ex hi&longs;ce <lb/>principiis originem duxi&longs;&longs;e mon&longs;trat id quòd otij vitandi gratia &longs;acerdotes apud Aegyptios <arrow.to.target n="marg516"></arrow.to.target> in­<lb/><lb/>cubuerint mathematicis. Itaque ad illud. Omne bonum finis e&longs;t, concedo. finis cuiu&longs;dam actus <lb/>e&longs;t finis; & id quoque do. Omnis actus cum motu: hoc verò nego. Sed actio vel imperfecta e&longs;t, <lb/>vel perfecta. atque imperfecta quidem e&longs;t cum motu; perfectam &longs;ine motu con&longs;i&longs;tere po&longs;&longs;e pla­<lb/>num e&longs;t. Et contemplatio e&longs;t bonum hone&longs;tum & actus, &longs;ed &longs;ine motu. Nunc <expan abbr="cõtra">contra</expan> iuniores <arrow.to.target n="marg517"></arrow.to.target> &longs;eor­<lb/><lb/>&longs;um o&longs;tendamus mathematicas e&longs;&longs;e &longs;cientias. Atque iam patet ex fine eas in &longs;cientiis e&longs;&longs;e nume­<lb/>randas. &longs;iquidem contemplatio, & veritas &longs;int &longs;cientiæ finis, aliquam verò partem <arrow.to.target n="marg518"></arrow.to.target> contemplatio­<lb/><lb/>nis, & veritatis mathematicæ præ&longs;eferant. Per&longs;uadet nos ordo rationum quibus ip&longs;e vtuntur. <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg519"></arrow.to.target><lb/>Nam cùm ad tot capita vniuer&longs;æ referantur, Rhetoricæ enim &longs;unt, aut Dialecticæ, aut <arrow.to.target n="marg520"></arrow.to.target> demon&longs;tra­<lb/><lb/>tiuæ. Sed non Rhetoricæ, non Dialecticæ, <expan abbr="demõ&longs;tratiu&ecedil;">demon&longs;tratiu&ecedil;</expan> igitur: itaque &longs;cientiam faciunt. Pr&ecedil;tereà <lb/>quinque &longs;unt habitus, quibus verum dicere contingit, mens, &longs;apientia, prudentia, ars, & &longs;cientia. <lb/>Sed mathematicæ non mens, non &longs;apientia, non prudentia, non ars. igitur &longs;cientia. Quin etiam <lb/>efficiuntur ex nobis & natura notis. ea verò &longs;unt natura priora & cau&longs;&longs;a. ex cau&longs;sis autem, &longs;i con­<lb/>templatio veritatis proponatur; efficitur &longs;cientia. Accedunt & Ari&longs;totelis, & Ptolomæi &longs;ententi&ecedil;; <lb/>Quoniam ille primam figuram &longs;cientiæ faciend&ecedil; maximè accommodatam e&longs;&longs;e te&longs;tatur, <emph type="sup"/>d<emph.end type="sup"/> & &longs;&ecedil;pe <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg521"></arrow.to.target><lb/>auctoritate mathematicorum conditiones ver&ecedil; demon&longs;trationis explicat. Ptolom&ecedil;us item cæte­<lb/>ris &longs;cientiis tribuit <foreign lang="greek"><gap/>logon</foreign>, probabile &longs;cilicet & veri&longs;imile; certum & nece&longs;&longs;arium mathematicis. <lb/>Quòd &longs;i nece&longs;&longs;arium; & per &longs;e igitur; <expan abbr="id&qacute;">idque</expan>. in primo, vel in &longs;ecundo modo; proptereà continent <lb/>quid e&longs;t; quod e&longs;t principium demon&longs;trationis. Et cùm mathematica &longs;int entia; vel &longs;unt cau&longs;&longs;æ <lb/>vel ex cau&longs;sis: tale enim e&longs;t rerum genus in natura, quod nullum certum materiæ &longs;en&longs;ilis genus <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg522"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;ibi vendicat: ergo &longs;unt obnoxia demon&longs;trationi. At verò vt rationes oppo&longs;itæ diluantur, aduer­<lb/>tere oportet con&longs;ilium Philo&longs;ophi 4. Met. vnde &longs;caturit omnis fallacia propemodum. Non te <arrow.to.target n="marg523"></arrow.to.target> la­<lb/><lb/>tet ex his, quæ nos anteà &longs;crip&longs;imus, ab eis qui præce&longs;&longs;erunt Ari&longs;toteli, mathematicen è <expan abbr="&longs;cientiarũ">&longs;cientiarum</expan> <lb/>numero eiectam fui&longs;&longs;e, & habitam veluti philo&longs;ophiæ in&longs;trumentum, quod item re&longs;pexi&longs;&longs;e vide­<lb/>tur præceptorum præceptor, dum 3. Met. probabiliter argumentatur in eis non e&longs;&longs;e bonum. Au­<lb/>di&longs;ti quoque ante Ari&longs;totelem fui&longs;&longs;e ignotum genus illud &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ quod ab omni materiæ &longs;e­<lb/>cretum foret, & apodictice &longs;olùm ab Ari&longs;totele confectum. proinde non extiti&longs;&longs;e locum primæ <lb/>philo&longs;ophiæ, &longs;ed primas &longs;ibi vendica&longs;&longs;e naturalem: ex quo effectum e&longs;t, vt eo &longs;ub&longs;tantiarum ge­<lb/>nere comperto naturalis qu&ecedil; tunc erat prima, locum cederet alteri philo&longs;ophiæ, <expan abbr="ea&qacute;">eaque</expan>. iure optimo <lb/>prima haberetur, quòd de primis &longs;ub&longs;tantiis ageret; naturalis autem &longs;ecunda, quia de &longs;ecundo <lb/>&longs;ub&longs;tantiarum ordine di&longs;putaret. Hæc quoniam confecta in phy&longs;icis vt per&longs;picua &longs;tatuuntur: de <lb/>mathematicis erat di&longs;&longs;erendum, quod in eius philo&longs;ophiæ calce peractum e&longs;t. Ergo cùm de ma­<lb/>thematicis eo tempore nil decretum fui&longs;&longs;et; ex iis quæ tum con&longs;tituta erant, accipit Ari&longs;toteles <lb/>tot e&longs;&longs;e &longs;cientias quot &longs;unt genera &longs;ub&longs;tantiarum, qua&longs;i certum & confectum ex vi apodixeos, & <lb/>communiter approbatum, & &longs;ine controuer&longs;ia receptum, duo &longs;cilicet e&longs;&longs;e &longs;ub&longs;tantiarum gene­<lb/>ra, nec non totidem &longs;cientias. quod fortè non dixi&longs;&longs;et Ari&longs;toteles, po&longs;tquàm (id quod in extre­<lb/>mo illo volumine fecit) docui&longs;&longs;et quemadmodum item bonum ad mathematica pertineret. <pb pagenum="58"/>Verùm fac illud fui&longs;&longs;e decretum Philo&longs;ophi ex numero &longs;ub&longs;tantiarum colligi &longs;cientiarum <arrow.to.target n="marg524"></arrow.to.target> mul­<lb/><lb/>titudinem: culpandi &longs;unt mathematici qui quantum ab omni &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ genere &longs;eparatum <expan abbr="cõ-mini&longs;cuntur">con­<lb/>mini&longs;cuntur</expan>, <expan abbr="idq.">idque</expan> mathematico &longs;ub&longs;ternunt, neque ius &longs;uum retinent. Vt enim ante &longs;ignificaui­<lb/>mus, accidens &longs;ine &longs;ub&longs;tantia neque e&longs;&longs;e, neque cogitari pote&longs;t, & in mathematica &longs;ic &longs;ubit ab&longs;tra­<lb/>ctionem, vt primùm fit in ab&longs;tractione aliorum accidentium, determinando notionem &longs;ub&longs;tan­<lb/>tiæ tali forma accidentis, vt con&longs;iderando &longs;ub&longs;tantiam quatenus e&longs;t quanta, non vt &longs;ubiectum <lb/>quanti, deinde liberatur quantum conditionibus materiæ &longs;en&longs;ilis, hoc e&longs;t, alteratricibus calore & <lb/>frigore, & quæ na&longs;cuntur ex illis, &longs;ibi relinquens extentionem &longs;olam <foreign lang="greek">dia\shma</foreign>, &longs;iue <foreign lang="greek">dia\sasi+n</foreign>, au­<lb/>xilio no&longs;træ mentis: e&longs;t autem di&longs;tantia infinitum quid, & intrin&longs;ecus inhæret in materia, immò <lb/>e&longs;t ip&longs;a materies, vt &longs;uo loco demon&longs;trabitur. & quamuis non &longs;it &longs;en&longs;ilis, e&longs;t <foreign lang="greek">nohth/</foreign>, & intelligen­<lb/>da: infinita verò non quòd omni termino excedat, &longs;ed quia mens in ea terminum vbicunque fi­<lb/>gere queat, & quadrans & rotundans. nam termini naturales &longs;unt in materia iam qualitatibus <lb/>alteratricibus & &longs;en&longs;ilibus affecta. Accedit eodem quòd nomen &longs;ub&longs;tanti&ecedil; multiplex e&longs;t, & inter <lb/>c&ecedil;tera comprehendit <foreign lang="greek">to\ ti/e)si\</foreign>, quod quid e&longs;t, atque hoc e&longs;t &longs;cientiæ caput, vt dixi. Proinde tria <lb/>&longs;unt genera ip&longs;ius quid e&longs;t, vnum formarum ab omni materiæ &longs;ecretarum, quod e&longs;t primi philo­<lb/>&longs;ophi, alterum quod e&longs;t in materia &longs;en&longs;ili & naturale, & tertium quod &longs;ecernitur à materia <arrow.to.target n="marg525"></arrow.to.target> &longs;en&longs;i­<lb/><lb/>li, & e&longs;t mathematicum. Quòd &longs;i accidens &longs;pectare dicuntur; ita accipito, quia <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> re&longs;oluunt &longs;uas <lb/>demon&longs;trationes in principia &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ, quemadmodum aliæ &longs;cientiæ, &longs;ed in principia quanti <lb/><expan abbr="tãtummodò">tantummodò</expan>; nihilominus & ip&longs;a rei principia <expan abbr="perhib&etilde;tur">perhibentur</expan> ab Ari&longs;totele; <emph type="sup"/>a<emph.end type="sup"/> vt quid tetragoni&longs;mus? <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg526"></arrow.to.target><lb/>inuentio mediæ. Quanquam illud &longs;atis e&longs;&longs;e poterat ad per&longs;uadendum in mathematicis e&longs;&longs;e rei <lb/>cau&longs;&longs;am & &longs;i illis <expan abbr="cõcedebatur">concedebatur</expan> quid e&longs;t. Hæc .n. &longs;unt Ari&longs;totelis verba 5. primæ phil. c. de termino. <lb/><foreign lang="greek">to\ ti/e)si\ pe/zws gnw/seas, kai\ tou_ pzagma/tos</foreign>. Ip&longs;um quid e&longs;t e&longs;&longs;e terminum cognitionis, &longs;i verò <lb/>cognitionis & rei. Et planè &longs;i ita res e&longs;t veram habeat cau&longs;&longs;am tetragoni&longs;mus; propter quam &longs;it <lb/>oportet, aut &longs;it <foreign lang="greek">a)nai/tios</foreign> & &longs;ine cau&longs;&longs;a, quod e&longs;t principium. Quapropter et&longs;i non &longs;unt ver&ecedil; cau&longs;­<lb/>&longs;æ, ide&longs;t, præcipu&ecedil;, &longs;unt tamen primæ, &longs;i referantur ad &longs;uos effectus, id quod <expan abbr="demõ&longs;trationi">demon&longs;trationi</expan> &longs;at e&longs;t. <lb/>Memento verò ip&longs;um quid e&longs;t e&longs;&longs;e duplex vel propriè, quod rei formam <expan abbr="cõtinet">continet</expan>, vel logicè, quod <lb/>per omnia cau&longs;&longs;arum genera &longs;eor&longs;um tradi pote&longs;t. Atqui ea definitio, quæ continet formam, &longs;u­<lb/>mitur à Mathematicis, nec à phy&longs;ica definitione differt: quandò non aliter definiret phy&longs;icus re­<lb/>ctum, aut curuum, vel Sexagonum, cum docet curiris lapis &longs;it Hexagonus; itaque etiam nos do­<lb/>cuit Ari&longs;toteles <emph type="sup"/>b<emph.end type="sup"/> ip&longs;um cur in ip&longs;um quid e&longs;t re&longs;olui, vt in definitionem recti, & eius, cuius <arrow.to.target n="marg527"></arrow.to.target> po­<lb/><lb/>te&longs;t e&longs;&longs;e commen&longs;io. Vtitur etiam materia Mathematicus, vt cùm totum rectum ex duobus <arrow.to.target n="marg528"></arrow.to.target> &longs;e­<lb/><lb/>mirectis concludit. & cùm in omni prædicamento contineatur ratio pote&longs;tatis & actus, & quod <lb/>e&longs;t in&longs;tar materiæ ac formæ, vtrunque principiorum genus v&longs;urpat; & quamuis non &longs;int ab&longs;olu­<lb/>tè prima, &longs;at e&longs;t &longs;i in &longs;uo genere &longs;int huiu&longs;modi. Neque tibi negotium face&longs;&longs;at, &longs;iquando ex nobis <lb/>audies dimidia, aut aliud &longs;imile partium genus e&longs;&longs;e toto po&longs;teriora; proptereà non po&longs;&longs;e ex illis <lb/>demon&longs;trationem confici; aut &longs;i <expan abbr="cõficit">conficit</expan> demon&longs;tratio; ex his tanquàm prioribus verearis ne falsò <lb/>pronunciatum &longs;it ab Ari&longs;totele, eas partes e&longs;&longs;e toto po&longs;teriores. Etenim alia ratio e&longs;t eiu&longs;modi <lb/>partium apud mathematicum & c&ecedil;teros philo&longs;ophos: apud hos enim &longs;unt accidentia e&longs;&longs;entiæ; <lb/>proptereà toto po&longs;teriores habentur; at apud mathematicum qui di&longs;tantiam per &longs;e con&longs;iderat <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg529"></arrow.to.target><lb/>quæ per &longs;e con&longs;tat ex iis partibus iure principia reputantur. In&longs;uper &longs;cire licet certitudinem &longs;eu <lb/>per&longs;picuitatem e&longs;&longs;e vel per <expan abbr="demõ&longs;trationem">demon&longs;trationem</expan>, vel etiam multò maiorem, qualis e&longs;t principiorum, <lb/>qu&ecedil; &longs;anè per&longs;picuitas &longs;cientiam non oppugnat. hoc autem modo multa note&longs;cunt in <arrow.to.target n="marg530"></arrow.to.target> mathema­<lb/><lb/>ticis, quæ tanquàm &longs;en&longs;u de&longs;criptionibus exponuntur. Necnon affectiones e&longs;&longs;e proprias, vel &longs;pe­<lb/>ciei, vel generis, neque omnes vno &longs;ubiecto fundari. Specta primùm tu ea qu&ecedil; &longs;unt ad aliquid, <lb/>h&ecedil;c profectò &longs;altem duobus innituntur, <expan abbr="con&longs;imili&qacute;">con&longs;imilique</expan>. ratione &ecedil;quale, & in&ecedil;quale quæ &longs;unt propria <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg531"></arrow.to.target><lb/>quanti, & &longs;imile & di&longs;simile qu&ecedil; &longs;unt propria qualis. Et multa &longs;unt huiu&longs;modi apud <arrow.to.target n="marg532"></arrow.to.target> mathema­<lb/><lb/>ticos qu&ecedil; in relatione po&longs;ita &longs;unt, vt anguli & latera oppo&longs;ita. Po&longs;tremò memini&longs;&longs;e oportet, <expan abbr="vnã">vnam</expan> <lb/>vnius rei definitionem e&longs;&longs;e, <expan abbr="cau&longs;&longs;am&qacute;ue">cau&longs;&longs;amque</expan> propinquam quæ ab&longs;olutè demon&longs;trationem efficit, vel <lb/><expan abbr="rectã">rectam</expan>, vel eiu&longs;modi qu&ecedil; terminetur eo quod fieri nequit, vt po&longs;teà longo &longs;ermone declarabimus. <lb/>ea verò, &longs;i ex multis cau&longs;sis ordinem inter &longs;e habentibus componatur; nil refert. Sed cur non e&longs;t <lb/>&longs;&ecedil;pè culpa mathematicorum, qui vera effectuum cau&longs;&longs;a neglecta propter difficultatem, alia pro­<lb/>pria quæ &longs;int annexa, con&longs;ectantur? vt &longs;i in phy&longs;icis cùm ri&longs;us & habilitas ad di&longs;ciplinam &longs;e con­<lb/>&longs;equi per&longs;picuum &longs;it ex inductione, tamet&longs;i illa habilitas habet cau&longs;&longs;am, ob facilitatem per ri&longs;um <lb/><expan abbr="demõ&longs;tretur">demon&longs;tretur</expan>. His ergo &longs;ic po&longs;itis facilè e&longs;t diluere rationes oppo&longs;itas. Nanque negatur a&longs;&longs;umptio <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg533"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;ecund&ecedil; rationis. Eam confirmant opponendo demon&longs;trationem 32. primi Elem. quæ accipiat <lb/>aliquid extrin&longs;ecus. Equidem, vt hoc gratis dabo, quòd mathematici &longs;&ecedil;pè principiis ijs videntur <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e contenti qu&ecedil; &longs;int euidentia: &longs;ic confidenti&longs;simè a&longs;&longs;euerabo re&longs;olui talia principia quæ &longs;unt <lb/>euidenti&longs;sima, in cau&longs;&longs;as &longs;ui generis; vt in re no&longs;tra ex&longs;uperantia duorum angulorum ad <expan abbr="qu&etilde;que">quenque</expan> <lb/>tertium, qu&ecedil; per <expan abbr="externũ">externum</expan> angulum declaratur: e&longs;t enim &ecedil;qualis duobus oppo&longs;itis. Quod deinde <pb pagenum="59"/> <arrow.to.target n="marg534"></arrow.to.target><lb/>afferunt mathematica theoremata ex communibus effici; negatur. &longs;iquidem ad rem propo&longs;itam <lb/>ex analytico præcepto contrahantur. Et illud etiam quòd medium non &longs;it ratio formalis conclu­<lb/>&longs;ionis; & quòd vna <expan abbr="eadem&qacute;">eademque</expan>. cau&longs;&longs;a plurium effectuum e&longs;&longs;e pote&longs;t. An id &longs;ufficit, vt talis &longs;it cau&longs;&longs;a <lb/>qua po&longs;ita ponatur effectus, quæcunque illa cau&longs;&longs;a &longs;it, aut in eam re&longs;oluatur: & &longs;i plura &longs;int me­<lb/>dia, vt ex ijs vna cau&longs;&longs;a fiat, aut ni&longs;i res ita &longs;e habeat, vitium in ratione latebit; & erit p&longs;eudogra­<lb/>phema, neque mathematicæ conditio; &longs;ed demon&longs;trantis error erit culpandus. Quòd forma <arrow.to.target n="marg535"></arrow.to.target> ca­<lb/><lb/>reant mathematicæ, aut materia: tùm patebit, cum docebimus terminos e&longs;&longs;e formam interualli <lb/>quod mathematico &longs;ubijcitur. & in rebus mathematicis e&longs;t materia, &longs;i non &longs;en&longs;ilis; at quæ men­<lb/>te comprehendi queat; & partes quæ materiæ vim obtinent: carent planè fine & efficiente, quo­<lb/>niam cau&longs;&longs;æ i&longs;tæ &longs;unt principia motus; mathematica verò &longs;unt immobilia: &longs;ed materia quæ &longs;ub <lb/>mentem cadit & forma quæ re&longs;pondeat illi, nequaquàm. & id fal&longs;um e&longs;t, quòd talium <expan abbr="quantorũ">quantorum</expan> <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg536"></arrow.to.target><lb/>non &longs;it definitio. Ea, quæ probantur externa e&longs;&longs;e; &longs;i extrà idem &longs;ubiectum, fateor. &longs;i verò extra <lb/>genus; id verò pernego. Addis auctoritatem Ari&longs;totelis negantis principia propria <arrow.to.target n="marg537"></arrow.to.target> mathemati­<lb/><lb/>cis, te deludit ambiguum, quod culpa interpretis in codicem latinum irrep&longs;it. nanque duæ &longs;unt <lb/>voces apud Græcos, quas vnico nomine proprij Latini verterunt. <foreign lang="greek">ku/zion & o/ikei_on</foreign>. Porrò <foreign lang="greek">oi)kei_a</foreign><lb/>requiruntur in &longs;cientiis; <emph type="sup"/>a<emph.end type="sup"/> <foreign lang="greek">ku/zia</foreign> non in omni &longs;cientia, &longs;unt verò <foreign lang="greek">ku/zia</foreign> præcipua & poti&longs;sima <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg538"></arrow.to.target><lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg539"></arrow.to.target><lb/>cau&longs;&longs;arum genera nimirum finis & efficiens, & <foreign lang="greek">ku/zion</foreign> e&longs;t auctor & caput. <emph type="sup"/>b<emph.end type="sup"/> hæc ergo negantur <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg540"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ab Ari&longs;totele mathematicis. Dices hæc e&longs;&longs;e principia metaphoricè. An &longs;unt principia metapho­<lb/>ricè mutationis, non principia &longs;impliciter accepta, quòd aliquid de illorum ratione minuatur. <lb/>immò &longs;unt principia maximè; vnde aliquid pendeat; cuius &longs;ignum quòd illo immutato, aliquid <lb/>etiam &longs;ecum immutetur, quæ nonnulli è Latinis &longs;ic explicant, quòd &longs;int efficientia formaliter, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb/>effectiuè. quemadmodum forma & priuatio dicuntur agere, non quia moueant; &longs;ed quòd &longs;ui pr&ecedil;­<lb/>&longs;entia faciant aliud. & ratio peccat à coniunctis ad diui&longs;a. De his ergo, quæ <foreign lang="greek">ku/zia</foreign> &longs;unt; agebat <lb/>Ari&longs;toteles, non de propriis, quæ quatenus ip&longs;um in&longs;unt. Neque verò rationem &longs;cientiæ tollit, <lb/>quòd principia &longs;int metaphoricè; &longs;iquidem etiam inibi conce&longs;&longs;erit Philo&longs;ophus idem <expan abbr="principiorũ">principiorum</expan> <lb/>genus primæ philo&longs;ophiæ, quæ e&longs;t omnium maximè &longs;cientia. Quanquàm non erat etiam, vt ve­<lb/>reremur a&longs;signare principia propria mathematicis, qui ob&longs;erua&longs;&longs;emus notari <expan abbr="Bry&longs;&longs;on&etilde;">Bry&longs;&longs;onem</expan> <emph type="sup"/>c<emph.end type="sup"/> quòd in <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg541"></arrow.to.target><lb/>orbe quadrando communibus vteretur, <expan abbr="ideo&qacute;">ideoque</expan>. repudiari rationem eius à Mathematicis; necnon <lb/>audi&longs;&longs;emus Ari&longs;totelem nos admonentem, quemadmodum principia mathematicæ, quæ c&ecedil;tero­<lb/>qui <expan abbr="cõmunia">communia</expan> numero & magnitudini videbantur; propria redderentur, nimirum quòd non <arrow.to.target n="marg542"></arrow.to.target> &longs;im­<lb/><lb/>pliciter, &longs;ed ex analogia &longs;umerentur. Quamuis autem cau&longs;&longs;æ omnes definiantur per <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>; &longs;ube&longs;t <lb/>in dicto fallacia con&longs;equentis. &longs;iquidem et&longs;i omnes definiuntur per motum, non idcirco omnis <lb/>earum con&longs;ideratio comprehendit motum: id quod v&longs;ueuenire dicimus in mathematicis. & e&longs;t <lb/>verè dictum &longs;yncategorematicè, quia &longs;ingulæ efficiunt motum, non tamen categorematicè, quia <lb/>non omnibus modis acceptæ. Non licet etiam negare, quin externæ cau&longs;&longs;æ & externa quid e&longs;t, in <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg543"></arrow.to.target><lb/>demon&longs;trationibus a&longs;&longs;umantur. Nanque demon&longs;trationes ab&longs;olui po&longs;&longs;unt etiam ip&longs;is quid e&longs;t lo­<lb/>gicè acceptis. <emph type="sup"/>d<emph.end type="sup"/> Quòd autem varia media &longs;umi queant, &longs;i inter illa &longs;it ordo, concedimus: &longs;i minus, <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg544"></arrow.to.target><lb/>& hic demon&longs;tratorem arguemus. Porrò quòd idem valeant demon&longs;tratio recta, & ea quæ termi­<lb/>natur eo quod fieri nequit; &longs;uo loco declarabitur. itaque ex hoc etiam tollitur ratio &longs;eptima. <lb/>Tollitur autem po&longs;trema ratio &longs;ignificata fallacia con&longs;equentis. &longs;iquidem cùm &longs;atis &longs;it ad <expan abbr="&longs;cientiã">&longs;cientiam</expan> <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg545"></arrow.to.target><lb/>vt &longs;it de &longs;ub&longs;tantia &longs;iue &longs;en&longs;ili, &longs;eu intelligenda, traducunt &longs;ub&longs;tanti&ecedil; nomen ad &longs;ignificandam <arrow.to.target n="marg546"></arrow.to.target> tan­<lb/><lb/>tummodo &longs;en&longs;ilem. Nos autem defendimus etiam mathematicen comprehendere alterum illud <lb/>&longs;ub&longs;tantiæ genus. Quare <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> e&longs;t dubitandum, quin mathematicæ &longs;int in &longs;cientiis collocandæ, quod <lb/>multi, <expan abbr="ijdem&qacute;">ijdemque</expan>. philo&longs;ophi nobili&longs;simi hoc tempore negant.<lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg547"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg495"></margin.target>a 2. Met. <lb/>1. Eth.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg496"></margin.target>b 1. Po&longs;t. <lb/>T. 42. <lb/>1. de An.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg497"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg498"></margin.target>c 1. de par. <lb/>an. c. 5.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg499"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg500"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg501"></margin.target>a 3. Met. <lb/>T. 7.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg502"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg503"></margin.target>b 1. Po&longs;t.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg504"></margin.target>c Elen.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg505"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg506"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg507"></margin.target>IIII.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg508"></margin.target>V.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg509"></margin.target>a 1. Eu. c. 7.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg510"></margin.target>VI.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg511"></margin.target>VII.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg512"></margin.target>VIII.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg513"></margin.target>b 4. Met. <lb/>T. 4.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg514"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg515"></margin.target>c 7. Phy&longs;. <lb/>1. de An.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg516"></margin.target>Ad I.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg517"></margin.target>Ratio I.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg518"></margin.target>II.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg519"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg520"></margin.target>III.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg521"></margin.target>d 1. Po&longs;t. <lb/>T. 31.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg522"></margin.target>Hypoth. 1.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg523"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg524"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg525"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg526"></margin.target>a 2. de An. <lb/>T. 12.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg527"></margin.target>b 2. Phy&longs;. <lb/>T. 68.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg528"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg529"></margin.target>II.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg530"></margin.target>III.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg531"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg532"></margin.target>IIII.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg533"></margin.target>Ad II.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg534"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg535"></margin.target>Ad III.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg536"></margin.target>Ad IIII.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg537"></margin.target>Ad V.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg538"></margin.target>a 1. Po&longs;t.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg539"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg540"></margin.target>b 2. de An. <lb/>T. 46.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg541"></margin.target>c 1. Po&longs;t. <lb/>1. Phy&longs;. <lb/>1. Elen.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg542"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg543"></margin.target>Ad VI.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg544"></margin.target>d 7. Met. <lb/>T. 59.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg545"></margin.target>Ad VII.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg546"></margin.target>Ad VIII.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg547"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Accipiat'ne primus Philo&longs;ophus à naturali &longs;ub&longs;tantias &longs;eparatas e&longs;&longs;e. Cap. XII<emph.end type="italics"/>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>NEQVE ab in&longs;tituto no&longs;tro videtur abhorrere, &longs;it'ne quæ&longs;tio naturalis, an diuina de eo <lb/>quòd &longs;int &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ pror&longs;us à materia liberæ. Cùm enim ex eo po&longs;t naturalia vocemus <lb/>philo&longs;ophiam diuinam, quòd naturalia theoremata ordine doctrinæ præponantur; & illud præ­<lb/>cipuè, quòd o&longs;ten&longs;um e&longs;t e&longs;&longs;e primum mouens omnibus modis immobile, & ob id à materia &longs;e­<lb/>paratum; cen&longs;ebit aliquis eam quæ&longs;tionem e&longs;&longs;e naturalem. Et tamen profitetur Ari&longs;toteles &longs;e in <lb/>methodo naturali di&longs;&longs;erturum de formis quæ re&longs;piciunt materiam, diligentiorem verò tractatio­<lb/>nem de forma aliò reiecturum, <expan abbr="id&qacute;">idque</expan>. non &longs;ine valida ratione pronuntiatum, quòd cùm &longs;int etiam <lb/>formæ quædam &longs;ine materia; de his agere non erat munus philo&longs;ophi naturalis. <expan abbr="Idem&qacute;">Idemque</expan>. alibi <expan abbr="cõ-firmatum">con­<lb/>firmatum</expan>. Quæcunque mouent immobilia permanentia, <emph type="sup"/>e<emph.end type="sup"/> non e&longs;&longs;e phy&longs;icæ con&longs;iderationis. <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg548"></arrow.to.target><lb/>Neque de&longs;unt argumenta quibus hæc pars problematis approbari po&longs;sit. <expan abbr="Siquid&etilde;">Siquidem</expan> eiu&longs;dem men­<lb/>tis &longs;it no&longs;&longs;e, &longs;it'ne res, & quid &longs;it. Verùm &longs;olus primus philo&longs;ophus nouit quid &longs;it primus motor. <lb/>ergo is &longs;olus no&longs;cet etiam quòd &longs;it. e&longs;t enim forma illius motoris penitus à materia &longs;eiuncta, & <pb pagenum="60"/> <arrow.to.target n="marg549"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ita decreuit Auicenna. In hanc &longs;ententiam Auerroës Auicennæ infen&longs;i&longs;simus inuehitur pluribus <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg550"></arrow.to.target><lb/>locis, <emph type="sup"/>a<emph.end type="sup"/> & tribus poti&longs;simè nititur argumentis. Primum. Nulla, inquit, &longs;cientia probat e&longs;&longs;e &longs;uum <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg551"></arrow.to.target><lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg552"></arrow.to.target><lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg553"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;ubiectum, &longs;ed ip&longs;um accipit, vt noti&longs;simum. Cùm ergo &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ quæ &longs;unt extra materiam, &longs;int <lb/>primæ philo&longs;ophiæ &longs;ubiectum, nequit prima philo&longs;ophia illas e&longs;&longs;e demon&longs;trare. Deinde demon­<lb/>&longs;tratio rei cuiu&longs;piam ad eam &longs;cientiam pertinet, vnde promitur medium. Sed <expan abbr="demõ&longs;tratio">demon&longs;tratio</expan>, quòd <lb/>&longs;int &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ &longs;eparatæ, vtitur medio naturali, nempe motu. Ergo & ea demon&longs;tratio naturalis <lb/>habebitur. Tertiò demon&longs;trat Ari&longs;toteles &longs;ub&longs;tantias &longs;eparatas e&longs;&longs;e 8. Phy&longs;. quinimo ea&longs;dem <arrow.to.target n="marg554"></arrow.to.target> argu­<lb/><lb/>mentationes ad verbum re&longs;umit 12. po&longs;t natural. Illa igitur di&longs;putatio naturalis erit, non autem <lb/>diuina. Nam quòd 8. Phy&longs;. &longs;it pars methodi naturalis, non e&longs;t quòd ambigamus, cum 1. de ortu <lb/>citetur cum libris de motu. Quapropter Auerroës &longs;ic omnem controuer&longs;iam tollere putauit. <lb/>Cùm enim de &longs;ub&longs;tantiis quæ &longs;unt extra materiam, quæ&longs;tio duplex excitari po&longs;sit, an'ne &longs;int, & <lb/>quid &longs;int, priorem quæ&longs;tionem à naturali di&longs;&longs;oluendam e&longs;&longs;e cen&longs;uit, po&longs;teriorem verò à primo <lb/>philo&longs;opho. Cæterùm, &longs;i eiu&longs;dem mentis e&longs;t no&longs;&longs;e, &longs;it'ne res & quid &longs;it. cùm philo&longs;ophus natu­<lb/>ralis norit e&longs;&longs;e tale genus &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ, profectò etiam no&longs;cet quid ip&longs;um &longs;it. Et contrà quia primus <lb/>philo&longs;ophus nouit quid ip&longs;um &longs;it, illud item e&longs;&longs;e cogno&longs;cet. Itaque inanis erit illa di&longs;tinctio de <lb/>quæ&longs;tionibus, quæ pertinent ad &longs;ub&longs;tantias ab omni materiæ concretione &longs;ecretas. Pr&ecedil;tereà <arrow.to.target n="marg555"></arrow.to.target> con­<lb/><lb/>tingeret, inquit Scotus, <emph type="sup"/>b<emph.end type="sup"/> philo&longs;ophiam naturalem priorem e&longs;&longs;e diuina; quod quidem haberi <arrow.to.target n="marg556"></arrow.to.target> de­<lb/><lb/>bet ab&longs;urdum. Sed h&ecedil;c forta&longs;&longs;e leuia. Nam quantum &longs;pectat ad primum, no&longs;&longs;e licet rem e&longs;&longs;e bi­<lb/>fariam, vel per &longs;e, hoc e&longs;t, per &longs;ua principia, vel per accidens, ide&longs;t, per euenta quædam. Verùm <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb/>nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t, vbi &longs;ciamus rem e&longs;&longs;e per accidens, vt ibidem quoque &longs;ciamus quid e&longs;t. <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> <lb/>euenire dicebat Ari&longs;toteles in &longs;ubalternis qu&ecedil; &longs;olum norunt rem e&longs;&longs;e per &longs;en&longs;ilia qu&ecedil; &longs;uperiores, <lb/>per &longs;uas cau&longs;&longs;as cogno&longs;cunt. Ex quo item efficitur, vt argumentum Scoti nullius &longs;it roboris; pro­<lb/>ptereà quòd vbi &longs;cientia quædam no&longs;cat aliquid per accidens quod no&longs;citur ab alia per &longs;e; nihil <lb/>forta&longs;&longs;e prohibet, quominus ordine doctrinæ antecedat; at ordine naturæ nequaquam; &longs;icuti ne­<lb/>que etiam &longs;ubalterna præcedit &longs;ubalternanti natura: &longs;ed &longs;iquo modo pr&ecedil;cedit, id &longs;olum e&longs;t ordi­<lb/>ne doctrinæ. quo pacto etiam naturalem diuinæ philo&longs;ophiæ præcedere non negamus. Illa &longs;ine <lb/>dubio grauiora quæ te&longs;tatur ip&longs;emet Ari&longs;toteles. <emph type="sup"/>c<emph.end type="sup"/> Ip&longs;e .n. nos admonet e&longs;&longs;e <expan abbr="con&longs;ideration&etilde;">con&longs;iderationem</expan> <arrow.to.target n="marg557"></arrow.to.target> alte­<lb/><lb/>rius &longs;cientiæ, & <expan abbr="quid&etilde;">quidem</expan> prioris <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> &longs;it naturalis no&longs;&longs;e quòd &longs;int entia nonnulla ingenita & omnino <lb/>immobilia. prætereà docet officium e&longs;&longs;e primi philo&longs;ophi di&longs;&longs;erere vtrum è &longs;ub&longs;tantiis &longs;olæ &longs;en&longs;i­<lb/>les, an aliæ præter has exi&longs;tant. Prætereà <expan abbr="quærendũ">quærendum</expan>, inquit, an præter <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> &longs;it aliqua cau&longs;&longs;a per <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg558"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;e, atque illa quidem &longs;eparabilis. Clarius item 6. Met. <emph type="sup"/>d<emph.end type="sup"/> docet ad primum philo&longs;ophum pertinere <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg559"></arrow.to.target><lb/>vtrunque problema, an &longs;int & quid &longs;int &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ &longs;uprà naturam. 7. <emph type="sup"/>e<emph.end type="sup"/> quoque libro idem a&longs;&longs;erit. <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg560"></arrow.to.target><lb/>Necnon lib. 11. <emph type="sup"/>f<emph.end type="sup"/> eandem confirmat &longs;ententiam. Sed quid apertius afferri pote&longs;t quàm ea quæ <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg561"></arrow.to.target><lb/>pronuntiat in eodem libro? <emph type="sup"/>g<emph.end type="sup"/> Non'ne etiam 12. Met. <emph type="sup"/>h<emph.end type="sup"/> has &longs;ub&longs;tantias e&longs;&longs;e demon&longs;trat? Demum <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg562"></arrow.to.target><lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg563"></arrow.to.target><lb/>eodem libro perorans, <emph type="sup"/>i<emph.end type="sup"/> inquit &longs;e o&longs;tendi&longs;&longs;e repetiri tale genus &longs;ub&longs;tantiarum. Quin & ip&longs;e <arrow.to.target n="marg564"></arrow.to.target> Auer­<lb/><lb/>roës. 1. Met. 2. Met. 4. Met. 7. & 12. Met. <emph type="sup"/>k<emph.end type="sup"/> quæ&longs;tionem de eo, quòd &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ &longs;eparatæ &longs;int, ad <arrow.to.target n="marg565"></arrow.to.target> di­<lb/><lb/>uinum philo&longs;ophum pertinere te&longs;tatur. Quare non ad phy&longs;icum, vt ip&longs;e in calce primi phy&longs;ici <lb/>profe&longs;&longs;us e&longs;t. Non po&longs;&longs;unt &longs;anè qui cum aliqua diligentia legunt Ari&longs;totelem, id negare: &longs;ed <expan abbr="tam&etilde;">tamen</expan> <lb/>eò confugiunt, quòd et&longs;i eiu&longs;modi contemplatio diuina e&longs;t; nihilominus non e&longs;t &longs;impliciter; &longs;ed <lb/>conclu&longs;io duntaxat: nam concluditur medio naturali, &longs;cilicet motu. Indignaretur profectò hæc <lb/>audiens Auerroës qui theorema ad eam &longs;cientiam referri voluerit, vnde promitur medium. qua­<lb/>re apud ip&longs;um, &longs;i medium e&longs;t phy&longs;icum, efficitur etiam phy&longs;icam fore conclu&longs;ionem. Sed enim <lb/>hoc mi&longs;&longs;o manife&longs;ti&longs;simè per&longs;piciemus, notitiam motus diuino a habitu <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> abhorrere. In primis <lb/>enim 4. Met. <emph type="sup"/>l<emph.end type="sup"/> docet Ari&longs;toteles, primi philo&longs;ophi munus e&longs;&longs;e contemplari omnes &longs;pecies entis. <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg566"></arrow.to.target><lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg567"></arrow.to.target><lb/>atqui motus e&longs;t &longs;pecies entis. <emph type="sup"/>m<emph.end type="sup"/> & motum igitur primus philo&longs;ophus contemplabitur. Prætereà <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg568"></arrow.to.target><lb/>cùm prima philo&longs;ophia non habeat &longs;ubalternam, ad hanc alia tran&longs;itus fieri nequit. Ne igitur fiat <lb/>tran&longs;itus, oportet in eadem &longs;cientia con&longs;iderari definitum in qua partes definitionis habentur. At <lb/>verò partes definitionis ip&longs;ius motus &longs;unt de prima philo&longs;ophia. & motus igitur. Motus etenim <lb/>definitur. Actus eius quod e&longs;t in potentia, quatenus in potentia. omnes autem norunt, actum & <lb/>pote&longs;tatem ad diuinam methodum pertinere. <emph type="sup"/>n<emph.end type="sup"/> In&longs;uper potentia definitur per motum. Omitto <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg569"></arrow.to.target><lb/>etiam &longs;tudio breuitatis multa loca Alexandri & Auerrois <emph type="sup"/>o<emph.end type="sup"/> qui huic &longs;ententiæ &longs;ub&longs;crip&longs;erunt. <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg570"></arrow.to.target><lb/>Accedit eodem, quòd termini communes qui ab Ari&longs;totele 5. primæ philo&longs;ophiæ de&longs;cribuntur, <lb/>ex omnium philo&longs;ophorum &longs;ententia &longs;unt eius methodi. ergo & cau&longs;&longs;æ. quare etiam cau&longs;&longs;a effi­<lb/>ciens. Atqui genus hoc cau&longs;&longs;æ per motum definitur. & eius igitur definitio <expan abbr="partes&qacute;">partesque</expan>. definitionis. <lb/>quamobrem & motus per quem cau&longs;&longs;a efficiens definitur. Po&longs;tremò &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ &longs;eparatæ aliquid <lb/>efficiunt in entibus & rebus naturalibus per motum. itaque etiam phy&longs;ice mouent. <emph type="sup"/>p<emph.end type="sup"/> Sed à <arrow.to.target n="marg571"></arrow.to.target> pri­<lb/><lb/>mo philo&longs;opho cogno&longs;cendæ &longs;unt, vt efficiunt: ergo & per motum cogno&longs;cantur oportet. Motus <lb/>igitur ad primum philo&longs;ophum pertinebit. ergo & demon&longs;tratio quæ vtitur motu, non erit ab <lb/>ip&longs;o aliena. Sed hæc &longs;atis hactenus dubitata &longs;int. nunc docebo quid &longs;entiam. id verò <expan abbr="duorũ">duorum</expan> <expan abbr="capitũ">capitum</expan> <pb pagenum="61"/> <arrow.to.target n="marg572"></arrow.to.target><lb/>explicatione continetur. Primo quidem. Philo&longs;ophum naturalem no&longs;&longs;e &longs;olum quòd &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ <lb/>materiæ immunes exi&longs;tant. Altero verò Philo&longs;ophum diuinum no&longs;&longs;e it ab quòd &longs;unt & quid &longs;int. Ve­<lb/>runtamen <expan abbr="admodũ">admodum</expan> di&longs;parem e&longs;&longs;e <expan abbr="ration&etilde;">rationem</expan> qua illas e&longs;&longs;e vtrique <expan abbr="cogno&longs;cũt">cogno&longs;cunt</expan>. quandò naturalis illas <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e cogno&longs;cit per accidens potius <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> per &longs;e, <expan abbr="nimirũ">nimirum</expan> ex &longs;olo motu. C&ecedil;terùm non id dico, <expan abbr="phy&longs;icũ">phy&longs;icum</expan> <lb/>in earum <expan abbr="notitiã">notitiam</expan> ex &longs;olo motu peruenire, tanquam medio, cùm & id etiam in diuina methodo <lb/>contingat: &longs;ed quòd notio <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> habet de &longs;ub&longs;tantia illa philo&longs;ophus naturalis, &longs;emper includit mo­<lb/>tum, vel quòd efficiat <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>, mouet .n. phy&longs;icè; vel quia notatur per <expan abbr="priuation&etilde;">priuationem</expan> motus. Nam quia <lb/>e&longs;t nobis ignota, &longs;ic de&longs;cribatur oportet per ea qu&ecedil; &longs;unt nota nobis. ob <expan abbr="eã&qacute;">eanque</expan>. cau&longs;&longs;am octauus phy­<lb/>&longs;icorum pars erit methodi naturalis, tamet&longs;i explicat <expan abbr="&longs;ub&longs;tantiã">&longs;ub&longs;tantiam</expan> à materia <expan abbr="&longs;eparatã">&longs;eparatam</expan>. <expan abbr="Q&mtilde;">Qmm</expan> verò tale <lb/>&longs;ub&longs;tanti&ecedil; genus non modò mouet <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, &longs;ed habet functiones proprias citrà <expan abbr="omn&etilde;">omnem</expan> materi&ecedil; co­<lb/>gnationem; neque &longs;unt <expan abbr="&longs;olũ">&longs;olum</expan> principia &longs;ub&longs;tanti&ecedil; mobilis, <expan abbr="verumetiã">verumetiam</expan> &longs;ub&longs;tanti&ecedil; &longs;impliciter & &longs;unt <lb/>entia beati&longs;sima; nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t <expan abbr="it&etilde;">item</expan> &longs;it alia &longs;cientia qu&ecedil; in <expan abbr="earũ">earum</expan> &longs;peculatione ver&longs;etur qu&ecedil; <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> re&longs;piciat <lb/><expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>, licet auxilio motus eius <expan abbr="cognition&etilde;">cognitionem</expan> adipi&longs;catur. Itaque vt hanc <expan abbr="ration&etilde;">rationem</expan> pr&ecedil;&longs;eferunt, &longs;pectat <lb/>ad <expan abbr="diuinũ">diuinum</expan> <expan abbr="philo&longs;ophũ">philo&longs;ophum</expan> no&longs;&longs;e, quòd e&longs;t hoc &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ genus. Ita fit, vt eius <expan abbr="explication&etilde;">explicationem</expan> ab&longs;oluere <lb/>nequeat philo&longs;ophus naturalis, quòd habeat <expan abbr="it&etilde;">item</expan> alias functiones qu&ecedil; lateant ip&longs;um, quia non in­<lb/>cludant <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>. cùm verò primus philo&longs;ophus con&longs;ideret ens quod e&longs;t, vel &longs;en&longs;ile, vel &longs;eparatum, & <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg573"></arrow.to.target><lb/>cau&longs;&longs;as eius, liceat illi eius <expan abbr="e&longs;&longs;entiã">e&longs;&longs;entiam</expan> ab&longs;olutè tractare. & quà <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> e&longs;t <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> &longs;en&longs;ilium, & qua e&longs;t <lb/>res <expan abbr="qu&ecedil;dã">qu&ecedil;dam</expan> à materia &longs;ecreta. <expan abbr="Quantũ">Quantum</expan> verò e&longs;t de qu&ecedil;&longs;tione quid e&longs;t, a&longs;&longs;ero <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> nullo modo ad <expan abbr="phy&longs;i-cũ">phy&longs;i­<lb/>cum</expan> pertinere. <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> ver&longs;atur in eius cognitione per accidens, & <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> <expan abbr="tantũ">tantum</expan> cogno&longs;cit, quà re&longs;picit <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>. <lb/>Sed primus philo&longs;ophus illius vniuer&longs;as functiones intelligens attingit <expan abbr="e&longs;&longs;entiã">e&longs;&longs;entiam</expan>. (&longs;iquidem in his <lb/>operari & e&longs;&longs;e <expan abbr="id&etilde;">idem</expan> &longs;int, & <expan abbr="id&etilde;">idem</expan> quoque e&longs;&longs;e & e&longs;&longs;entia.) & ita per &longs;eip&longs;am cogno&longs;cit & quid &longs;it, & <lb/>quòd &longs;it. quanquàm habitus huiu&longs;ce notiti&ecedil; nulla methodo explicatur; <emph type="sup"/>a<emph.end type="sup"/> &longs;ed eò nos deducit <arrow.to.target n="marg574"></arrow.to.target> me­<lb/><lb/>thodus, vt <expan abbr="po&longs;tquã">po&longs;tquam</expan> notuerit, maximè intelligatur, & per &longs;eip&longs;am. Ergo, inquies tu, cogno&longs;cetur à <lb/>nobis e&longs;&longs;entia &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ &longs;eparatæ, quod <expan abbr="tñ">tnm</expan> à probatioribus philo&longs;ophis <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> conceditur. Pr&ecedil;tereà <lb/>&longs;i <expan abbr="id&etilde;">idem</expan> e&longs;t e&longs;&longs;e, & e&longs;&longs;entia in hoc genere &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ. Si igitur nouit phy&longs;icus <09> &longs;unt; <expan abbr="id&etilde;">idem</expan> quoque <expan abbr="e&longs;-&longs;entiã">e&longs;­<lb/>&longs;entiam</expan> no&longs;cat oportet. Velim <expan abbr="equid&etilde;">equidem</expan> h&ecedil;c dicta accipi in <expan abbr="bonã">bonam</expan> <expan abbr="part&etilde;">partem</expan>. <09>.&longs;. illam attingimus, quia &longs;e&longs;e <lb/>nobis maximè prodit: attamen quia mens <expan abbr="tantũ">tantum</expan> lumen &longs;u&longs;tinere nequit; ideo negant philo&longs;ophi <lb/><expan abbr="cõprehendi">comprehendi</expan> &longs;eparatorum e&longs;&longs;entias. Et planè <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> oculus noctu&ecedil; <expan abbr="font&etilde;">fontem</expan> lucis attingit, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb/><expan abbr="tñ">tnm</expan> ip&longs;um ferre pote&longs;t ob <expan abbr="nimiũ">nimium</expan> <expan abbr="&longs;plendor&etilde;">&longs;plendorem</expan>; &longs;ic menti no&longs;træ dicimus euenire. Iam verò quòd phy­<lb/>&longs;icus no&longs;&longs;e nequeat <expan abbr="e&longs;&longs;entiã">e&longs;&longs;entiam</expan> &longs;ub&longs;tanti&ecedil; &longs;eparat&ecedil;, id omne na&longs;citur ex notione quam habet de illa, <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg575"></arrow.to.target><lb/>cogno&longs;cit .n. ip&longs;am cum habitudine ad materiam, at qui illa habitudo facit, quominus <expan abbr="id&etilde;">idem</expan> &longs;int e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>& e&longs;&longs;entia in &longs;ub&longs;tantia &longs;eparata. &longs;iue vt rectius dicam, quòd nos h&ecedil;c, veluti diuer&longs;a concipimus <lb/>qu&ecedil; <expan abbr="tñ">tnm</expan> idem reip&longs;a &longs;unt; & quod per &longs;eip&longs;um <expan abbr="indiuiduũ">indiuiduum</expan> e&longs;t, diuiduè <expan abbr="cõprehendatur">comprehendatur</expan>; neque <expan abbr="tam&etilde;">tamen</expan> <lb/>ea &longs;it <expan abbr="cõplexa">complexa</expan> notitia, & in quam cadere valeat error: &longs;ed per integumenta cogno&longs;citur, vt &longs;i <expan abbr="&longs;ol&etilde;">&longs;olem</expan> <lb/>per nubem ad&longs;pexeris, totus <expan abbr="quid&etilde;">quidem</expan> cernitur, &longs;ed <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> dilucidè: ac veluti notitia &longs;implici no&longs;cuntur <lb/>homo & animal rationis compos, & ex toto, &longs;ed homo <expan abbr="cõfusè">confusè</expan>, & imperfectè, animal vtens <expan abbr="rõne">ronne</expan> <lb/>di&longs;tinctè & perfectè; &longs;ic mentes diuin&ecedil; tot&ecedil;, &longs;ed confusè no&longs;cuntur à phy&longs;ico, à primo verò philo­<lb/>&longs;opho di&longs;tinctè. Itaque accurata explicatio <expan abbr="&longs;ub&longs;tãti&ecedil;">&longs;ub&longs;tanti&ecedil;</expan> &longs;eparat&ecedil; <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> e&longs;t muneris naturalis, &longs;ed diuini: <lb/>& id &longs;ibi voluit Ari&longs;toteles, vbi <expan abbr="con&longs;ideration&etilde;">con&longs;iderationem</expan> <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> philo&longs;opho naturali denegauit. Ex his <expan abbr="cõuerto">conuerto</expan> <lb/>me ad rationes in fronte capitis allatas. Et <expan abbr="quid&etilde;">quidem</expan> <expan abbr="eiu&longs;d&etilde;">eiu&longs;dem</expan> <expan abbr="m&etilde;tis">mentis</expan> dicimus e&longs;&longs;e no&longs;&longs;e &longs;it'ne res, & quid <lb/>e&longs;t, vbi ip&longs;am per &longs;e cogno&longs;camus; &longs;ecus &longs;i no&longs;catur per accidens; <expan abbr="quanquã">quanquam</expan> eiu&longs;modi verborum <lb/>verus e&longs;t &longs;en&longs;us, &longs;icuti quòd e&longs;t, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> &longs;it qu&ecedil;&longs;tio &longs;implex, &longs;yllogi&longs;mo non o&longs;tenditur; &longs;ic neque ip&longs;um <lb/>quid e&longs;t: ideò nihil ad nos: &longs;ed detur hoc. Ergo quia primus philo&longs;ophus nouit &longs;ub&longs;tantias &longs;epa­<lb/>ratas per &longs;e, &longs;imul explicat vtranque qu&ecedil;&longs;tionem. non &longs;ic philo&longs;ophus naturalis. cùm ens ex <arrow.to.target n="marg576"></arrow.to.target> acci­<lb/><lb/>dente cogno&longs;cat. Diluuntur item rationes Auerrois. Nanque vbi probat primum <expan abbr="philo&longs;ophũ">philo&longs;ophum</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb/>probare quòd &longs;int &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ &longs;eparatæ, quia &longs;uum <expan abbr="&longs;ubiectũ">&longs;ubiectum</expan> e&longs;&longs;e probaret. Falsò dicimus &longs;umi <arrow.to.target n="marg577"></arrow.to.target> &longs;ub­<lb/><lb/>&longs;tantias &longs;eparatas e&longs;&longs;e &longs;ubiectum prim&ecedil; philo&longs;ophiæ. <expan abbr="&longs;iquid&etilde;">&longs;iquidem</expan> &longs;it ens, quod complectitur <expan abbr="dec&etilde;">decem</expan> pr&ecedil;­<lb/>dicamenta, eius <expan abbr="aut&etilde;">autem</expan> principia &longs;unt &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ &longs;eparatæ, quæ per nota nobis per&longs;picuæ fiunt. Et &longs;i­<lb/>quis eas &longs;ubiecti <expan abbr="part&etilde;">partem</expan> e&longs;&longs;e defendere velit, &longs;i &longs;ectator fuerit Auerrois, eum monebo non e&longs;&longs;e ab­<lb/>&longs;urdum apud <expan abbr="illũ">illum</expan> in eadem <expan abbr="&longs;ci&etilde;tia">&longs;cientia</expan> po&longs;&longs;e probari; &longs;unt .n. pars &longs;ubiecti totius. Et quamuis ex motu <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg578"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ratio procedat, dicam ego <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>, quia notus nobis ab omni methodo v&longs;urpari, tamet&longs;i nihil ab&longs;ur­<lb/>di <expan abbr="cõ&longs;equetur">con&longs;equetur</expan>, &longs;i etiam accipiamus ip&longs;um e&longs;&longs;e <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan>, quod pertineat ad philo&longs;ophiam diuinam. <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg579"></arrow.to.target><lb/>Quod obiicitur eius &longs;cientiæ <expan abbr="demõ&longs;tration&etilde;">demon&longs;trationem</expan> e&longs;&longs;e, vnde &longs;umitur <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> dabo &longs;i <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> fuerit prius. <lb/>&longs;i po&longs;terius &longs;it facilè negabo, vt patet, &longs;i &longs;ubalternans accipiat quòd e&longs;t à &longs;ubalterna. Ad <expan abbr="vltimũ">vltimum</expan> <arrow.to.target n="marg580"></arrow.to.target> ne­<lb/><lb/>gamus <expan abbr="cognition&etilde;">cognitionem</expan> &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ &longs;eparatæ ab&longs;olui 8. Phy&longs;. cùm ibi &longs;olùm explicetur quoad re&longs;picit <lb/><expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>: ip&longs;a verò alias habeat functiones à motu di&longs;iunctas quæ &longs;unt officij &longs;uperioris. Video te his <lb/><expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> acquie&longs;cere, &longs;ed nouis telis adhuc <expan abbr="cõtrà">contrà</expan> nos in&longs;urgere, quippe <09> motus <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> po&longs;sit e&longs;&longs;e <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> de <lb/>prima philo&longs;ophia. <expan abbr="Nã">Nam</expan> motus quo <expan abbr="&longs;ub&longs;tãtiæ">&longs;ub&longs;tantiæ</expan> &longs;eparatæ <expan abbr="demõ&longs;trant">demon&longs;trant</expan> æternus e&longs;t. atqui <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> <expan abbr="&ecedil;ternũ">&ecedil;ternum</expan> <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t theorema <expan abbr="phy&longs;icũ">phy&longs;icum</expan>, nec vllo <expan abbr="mõ">mom</expan> primi philo&longs;ophi: proinde Ari&longs;t. vtit hoc medio, <expan abbr="tanquã">tanquam</expan> in <pb pagenum="63"/> <arrow.to.target n="marg581"></arrow.to.target><lb/>do comparatur, quod e&longs;t corpus humanum. nanque illud e&longs;t, quod affici oportet vt bene valeat: <lb/>hoc &longs;ecatur, vritur, purgatur, inediam patitur, in hoc e&longs;t bona valetudo, vt in &longs;ubiecto. Sed in me­<lb/>thodo non erit finis opus, vt bona valetudo; nihil enim docendo efficitur; &longs;ed explicari volunt <lb/>cau&longs;&longs;æ, proprietates, & partes eius &longs;ubiecti quod pote&longs;t obtinere bonam valetudinem, quatenus <lb/>huiu&longs;modi. nanque horum no&longs;cendorum gratia laboramus, <expan abbr="eis&qacute;">eisque</expan>. cognitis acquie&longs;cimus, <expan abbr="cum&qacute;">cumque</expan>. <lb/>talem reddiderit medicus auditorem, vt hæc optimè teneat, finem &longs;e <expan abbr="doc&etilde;do">docendo</expan> feci&longs;&longs;e putat. & hoc <lb/>e&longs;t &longs;ubiectum, quia &longs;ubiectum e&longs;t id cuius principia, partes, & affectiones <expan abbr="exponũtur">exponuntur</expan>. Itaque <expan abbr="id&etilde;">idem</expan> <lb/>e&longs;t in methodo finis & &longs;ubiectum. In &longs;cientiis igitur, in quibus nulla ratio operis habetur, idem <lb/>erit &longs;ubiectum, <expan abbr="idem&qacute;ue">idemque</expan> finis habitus & methodi. quapropter etiam <foreign lang="greek">sxopo\s<gap/></foreign> &longs;eu propo&longs;itum <lb/>vocatur à Gr&ecedil;cis. Quanquàm ego latius patere puto vim &longs;copi, quàm &longs;ubiecti. Quandò <expan abbr="&longs;ubiectũ">&longs;ubiectum</expan> <lb/>&longs;cientiæ totius appello, ad quod omnia referuntur in illa &longs;cientia, & quod per &longs;e expetitur & ex­<lb/>plicatur, <foreign lang="greek">sxapo\n</foreign> verò, quod etiam alterius gratia tractatur. Sic ortum & interitum, non &longs;ubie­<lb/>ctum, &longs;ed &longs;copum con&longs;tituam, quia propter aliud tractatur, illud &longs;ubiectum perhibebo propter <lb/>quod con&longs;ideratur ortus. Itaque faciam, vt &longs;ubiectum per omnes partes alicuius &longs;cientiæ perti­<lb/>neat, vt id ad quod &longs;emper ea referantur quæ in &longs;ingulis &longs;cientiæ partibus exponuntur non ali­<lb/>quod generale quod partes & proprietates contineat, motus auctoritate. Ari&longs;totelis 1. Po&longs;t. <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg582"></arrow.to.target><lb/>analyt. & 4. primæ philo&longs;ophiæ, vbi ens ip&longs;e con&longs;tituit &longs;ubiectum, non quod omnia generatim <lb/>complectitur, &longs;ed cuius principia, partes, & propria ve&longs;tigantur. Hoc verò vnum e&longs;&longs;e debet, vel <lb/>vniuocè, vel vt ad vnum quod &longs;anè latius accipiendum e&longs;&longs;e duco, vt non modò illud, cuius id <lb/>quod primum e&longs;t in notione formali reliquorum includatur, velut &longs;ub&longs;tantia in notione acciden­<lb/>tis, verùm etiam quomodocunque in alio includatur, vt cau&longs;&longs;a, per quam explicatur quid e&longs;t lo­<lb/>gicè. Genus igitur, quod res materiatas & &longs;en&longs;iles complecteretur, variis modis con&longs;tituêre, qui <lb/>Ari&longs;totelis ve&longs;tigia &longs;ecuti &longs;unt. Cùm enim ens &longs;impliciter à primo philo&longs;opho tractaretur, <emph type="sup"/>a<emph.end type="sup"/> <arrow.to.target n="marg583"></arrow.to.target> reli­<lb/><lb/>quæ &longs;cientiæ portionem entis acciperent, eam entis portionem vel generis &longs;ubalterni nomine ex­<lb/>pre&longs;&longs;ere, vtputa, &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ corporis, vel aliquam conditionem ad ens, &longs;ub&longs;tantiam, corpusúe ad­<lb/>iecere, velut quòd &longs;it mobile, aut naturale. Sic cùm corpus e&longs;&longs;et per &longs;e quantum quod mathema­<lb/>ticæ con&longs;iderationis e&longs;&longs;e videbatur, vt ip&longs;um à mathematico &longs;eiungerent, adiunxere quoque <expan abbr="cõ-&longs;imiles">con­<lb/>&longs;imiles</expan> differentias quæ ip&longs;um limitarent. Videamus nunc, quid mouerit illos, vt hoc potius, <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg584"></arrow.to.target><lb/>illud approbarent. D. quidem Thomas accepit ens ea ratione per&longs;ua&longs;us, nimirum. Illud e&longs;&longs;e &longs;ub­<lb/>iectum, cui primo & per &longs;e prima affectio conueniret, atqui prima affectio motus e&longs;t: is autem <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg585"></arrow.to.target><lb/>conuenit ènti primò; &longs;iquidem illi primò conuenire putandum e&longs;t, per quod definitur. Sed mo­<lb/>tus definitur per ens: ita enim definitur. Actus eius quod e&longs;t in potentia, quatenus in potentia. <lb/>Subiectum igitur e&longs;t ens. Quia verò credendum e&longs;t D. Thomam non accepi&longs;&longs;e ens vniuersè: quia <lb/>non omnia &longs;unt capacia motus, Deus enim pror&longs;us immobilis e&longs;t veritati con&longs;entaneum e&longs;&longs;e vi­<lb/>detur, etiam ens conditione mobilitatis e&longs;&longs;e re&longs;trictum & illud ens pro &longs;ubiecto fui&longs;&longs;e receptum <lb/>quod haberet in &longs;eip&longs;o principia motus. At qui &longs;i ita e&longs;t, cur mobile magis appellatur, quàm na­<lb/>turale? qu&ecedil; ratio mutandi conditionem & formulam &longs;ubiecti? Rur&longs;us cur ens potius quàm &longs;ub­<lb/>&longs;tantia? quandò &longs;ub&longs;tantia mobilis e&longs;t, vbi in &longs;eip&longs;a principia motus habeat. & mutatio in &longs;ub­<lb/>iecto videatur e&longs;&longs;e &longs;ub&longs;tantia, cùm anima &longs;it &longs;ub&longs;tantia, ad <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> mutatio quoque pertinere pote&longs;t, <lb/>vt ip&longs;e D. Thomas a&longs;&longs;euerat, nec repugnat Ari&longs;toteles, qui dum motum <expan abbr="manife&longs;ti&longs;simũ">manife&longs;ti&longs;simum</expan> e&longs;&longs;e o&longs;ten­<lb/>dit, etiam motum phanta&longs;iæ complexus e&longs;t. Pr&ecedil;tereà, &longs;i re&longs;tringitur ens nouam notionem facit, <lb/>vt cum animali rationis compos accedit. itaque non amplius ens &longs;impliciter: aut &longs;i ens &longs;implici­<lb/>ter, affectio illius propria non erit: quippe quòd latius pateat &longs;ubiectum, quàm appo&longs;ita <expan abbr="cõditio">conditio</expan>. <lb/>Mitto quòd &longs;ubiectum debet e&longs;&longs;e ab&longs;olutè <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan>, ita vt in ea facultate cui &longs;ubiicitur, demon&longs;trari, <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg586"></arrow.to.target><lb/>non po&longs;sit. At mobile per naturale de &longs;ubiecto <expan abbr="demõ&longs;tratur">demon&longs;tratur</expan>. <emph type="sup"/>b<emph.end type="sup"/> Mitto etiam illa qu&ecedil; obiecit <arrow.to.target n="marg587"></arrow.to.target> Aegi­<lb/><lb/>dius, vt puta, quòd phy&longs;ica &longs;ubalterna foret primæ philo&longs;ophiæ. Tùm etiam quòd ens mobile &longs;it <lb/>diuin&ecedil; con&longs;iderationis. quorum alterum ita probabat. quòd cùm ens mobile &longs;it pars entis, & acci­<lb/>piat conditionem qu&ecedil; non fluit ab eius principiis, illi ine&longs;t per accidens. at vbi condition per acci­<lb/>dens alicui parti &longs;uperueniat, ibi intercedit affinitas &longs;ubalternationis. Itaque phy&longs;ica erit &longs;ubal­<lb/>terna, id verò vt ab&longs;urdum reputari debet. Alterum verò quòd illa con&longs;ideratio phy&longs;ica <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> e&longs;&longs;et: <lb/>&longs;iquidem prima philo&longs;ophia &longs;pectat ens, <expan abbr="eius&qacute;">eiusque</expan>. partes, & modos, ac differentias per quæ illud <expan abbr="cõe">cone</expan> <lb/>proximè diuiditur. Ergo cùm per mobile & immobile diuidatur ens, efficitur, vt ens mobile <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb/>&longs;anè phy&longs;ic&ecedil; &longs;it <expan abbr="cõtemplationis">contemplationis</expan>, &longs;ed prim&ecedil; philo&longs;ophi&ecedil;. Mitto hæc, inquàm, vel quia controuer&longs;a <lb/>&longs;unt cùm apud nos, tùm apud alios; & quia, vel non con&longs;entiunt cum iis qu&ecedil; anteà con&longs;tituimus, <lb/>vel quòd fal&longs;a videntur, nullam vim afferunt. Nam quod ad primum illud <expan abbr="&longs;pecta&ttilde;">&longs;pectatur</expan>. & primum & <lb/>&longs;ecundum <expan abbr="cõtinent">continent</expan> propo&longs;itiones repugnantes. etenim mobile, vt conditio qu&ecedil; per accidens enti <lb/>in&longs;it, accipitur. po&longs;t verò, vt pars, modus, &longs;eu differentia entis. declaret nobis animi &longs;ui &longs;ententiam <lb/>Aegidius. <expan abbr="Nã">Nam</expan> &longs;i conditio per accidens e&longs;t; ergo fal&longs;um e&longs;t <expan abbr="&longs;ecundũ">&longs;ecundum</expan> <expan abbr="argumentũ">argumentum</expan>: <expan abbr="n&etilde;pe">nempe</expan> quòd <expan abbr="cõ&longs;ide-rare">con&longs;ide­<lb/>rare</expan> ens mobile &longs;it munus primi philo&longs;ophi. pulla .n. &longs;cientia &longs;pectat illa qu&ecedil; in&longs;unt per accidens. <pb pagenum="64"/>Quòd &longs;i ine&longs;t per &longs;e, vt modus, vel pars, vel differentia, iam non erit phy&longs;ica &longs;ubalterna; quandò <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg588"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;ubalternatio po&longs;tulat conditionem accidentariam. Sic nos deludit Ægidius. Sed eò minus h&ecedil;c <lb/>valent apud nos, qui de &longs;ubalternæ conditionibus di&longs;&longs;entimus. & quod attinet ad &longs;ecundum vi­<lb/>demus primùm ob eam rationem quàm proponit Aegidius &longs;ic euerti omne &longs;ubiectum phy&longs;ic&ecedil;, <lb/>immò &longs;cientiarum omnium: quia nulla res e&longs;&longs;et quæ non e&longs;&longs;et pars, aut modus, aut differentia <lb/>entis. Adde & illud, quòd non differt primus philo&longs;ophus à c&ecedil;teris in rebus tractandis, &longs;ed in <lb/>ratione tractandi. quippe quòd vniuersè contempletur ea quæ reliqui &longs;cientes particulatim &longs;pe­<lb/>ctant. His igitur po&longs;terioribus repudiatis primis illis in&longs;i&longs;tamus. Eadem quoque per&longs;uadent phy­<lb/>&longs;icæ &longs;ubiectum non e&longs;&longs;e ens naturale; licet hoc facilius defendi queat: cùm naturale prius e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>quàm mobile videatur: &longs;ed quatenus ponitur ens, ei&longs;dem difficultatibus implicatur. Spectemus <lb/>nunc, &longs;it'ne corpus mobile aut naturale &longs;ubiectum. & planè tale &longs;ubiectum accipiendum e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>cen&longs;ebimus, &longs;i conditiones intueamur quibus ad&longs;tringitur. Etenim phy&longs;iologiæ &longs;ubiectum mo­<lb/>tu definitur. at motus e&longs;t affectio corporis. & corporis igitur erit &longs;ubiectum. Præterquàm quòd <lb/>te&longs;tatur non &longs;emel Ari&longs;toteles &longs;cientiam de natura plurimum impendi in explicatione <expan abbr="corporũ">corporum</expan> <lb/>& magnitudinum. Tùm prætereà: quia &longs;ubiectum illud e&longs;t, cuius principia partes & proprieta­<lb/>tes in illa methodo &longs;pectantur cui &longs;ubiicitur. Sed &longs;iquis vniuer&longs;am phy&longs;iologiam animo lu&longs;tret, <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg589"></arrow.to.target><lb/>nihil aliud ab ea tractari cogno&longs;cet. Et hoc igitur erit &longs;ubiectum. Veruntamen id D. Thomæ non <lb/>placuit. cùm quia motus qui tractatur à phy&longs;ico per ea quoque pertinet quæ corpora non &longs;unt <lb/>vt motus cogitationis: tùm etiam quòd &longs;ubiectum neque &longs;eor&longs;um, &longs;iue &longs;ecundum materiam, &longs;i­<lb/>ue &longs;ecundum formam, neque complexum o&longs;tenditur, at mobile de corpore demon&longs;tratur, <emph type="sup"/>a<emph.end type="sup"/> & <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg590"></arrow.to.target><lb/>corpus item de mobili, illud quidem ex eo quòd e&longs;t naturale: alterum verò ex illo quòd omne <lb/>id quod mouetur, e&longs;t partim in termino à quo, partim in termino ad quem, & partibile igitur. <lb/>Neque minus partes & proprietates & principia &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ naturalis, aut mobilis explicantur à <lb/>phy&longs;ico quàm partes & proprietates, ac principia corporis mobilis, &longs;eu naturalis. Accedit & <lb/>auctoritas Ari&longs;totelis, qui &longs;ubiectum phy&longs;icæ con&longs;tituit &longs;ub&longs;tantiam, <emph type="sup"/>b<emph.end type="sup"/> in qua &longs;unt principia <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg591"></arrow.to.target><lb/>motus & quietis. Itaque alij, quibu&longs;cum ego &longs;entio, &longs;ub&longs;tantiam mobilem, &longs;eu naturalem phy­<lb/>&longs;icæ po&longs;uere &longs;ubiectum. Quod item confirmare libet auctoritate Ari&longs;totelis qui, dum principia <lb/>talis &longs;ubiecti &longs;e tradere profitetur, id verò e&longs;t, quod habet naturam, dicit e&longs;&longs;e &longs;ub&longs;tantiam, eo <lb/>quòd è &longs;ub&longs;tantiis con&longs;tat. <emph type="sup"/>c<emph.end type="sup"/> <expan abbr="Simili&qacute;">Similique</expan>. modo nos ea mouent quæ &longs;crip&longs;it Ari&longs;toteles. <emph type="sup"/>d<emph.end type="sup"/> “Scientia <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg592"></arrow.to.target><lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg593"></arrow.to.target><lb/>de natura ferè plurima videtur circum corpora & magnitudines & horum pa&longs;siones atque mo­<lb/>tus; adhuc autem circum principia quæ talis &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ &longs;unt.” & cùm ignotum &longs;it, &longs;it'ne corpus <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg594"></arrow.to.target><lb/>hoc & probandum: &longs;ubiectum verò noti&longs;simum e&longs;&longs;e velit, mihi &longs;it veri&longs;imile illud &longs;tatui po&longs;&longs;e <lb/>&longs;ub&longs;tantiam naturalem, &longs;eu &longs;ub&longs;tantiam mobilem. Cæterùm dicet qui&longs;piam, veluti ens repu­<lb/>diatum e&longs;t, quia non e&longs;t proprium mobilitaris &longs;ubiectum, nec bene congruit, cùm ratione forma­<lb/>li; &longs;ic neque &longs;ub&longs;tantia, quiddam enim amplius e&longs;t &longs;ub&longs;tantia, quàm mobilitas, &longs;iquidem aliquæ <lb/>&longs;ub&longs;tantiæ &longs;int ad quas nullo modo pertineat motus, vt illæ &longs;unt quæ ab omni materiæ concre­<lb/>tione vindicantur. audiet is, quantum hoc valeat, &longs;i antè con&longs;tituatur, quemadmodum &longs;ub&longs;tan­<lb/>tia naturalis, &longs;eu mobilis &longs;it &longs;ubiectum. Nam tres leges adhibendas e&longs;&longs;e cen&longs;eo, &longs;i defendere <lb/>velimus tale &longs;ubiectum. Primùm quidem, vt totum hoc coniunctum quod dicimus &longs;ub&longs;tan­<lb/>tiam mobilem, pro &longs;ubiecto ponatur. Neque enim &longs;ub&longs;tantia &longs;eor&longs;um, neque &longs;eor&longs;um mobile <lb/>&longs;unt &longs;ubiectum; &longs;ed totum hoc quod e&longs;t &longs;ub&longs;tantia mobilis; atque adeò, vt æquiualeat hoc ter­<lb/>mino cuidam &longs;implici, itaque neque mobile de &longs;ub&longs;tantia, neque &longs;ub&longs;tantia de mobili probari <lb/>po&longs;&longs;unt; id autem notum nobis e&longs;t notitia confu&longs;a qua ope &longs;en&longs;us accedit, dum cogno&longs;cimus <lb/>omnia, aut quædam moueri, vel dum nouimus e&longs;&longs;e motum, nam &longs;imul nouimus hoc aut illud <lb/>moueri. Ex quo efficitur, vt &longs;ub&longs;tantia non &longs;impliciter & vniuersè ponatur &longs;ubiectum, &longs;ed <arrow.to.target n="marg595"></arrow.to.target> &longs;ub­<lb/><lb/>&longs;tantia in qua motus ine&longs;t qu&ecedil; e&longs;t &longs;ub&longs;tantia &longs;en&longs;ilis, &longs;eu &longs;implex, &longs;eu compo&longs;ita, & primò &longs;ub&longs;tan­<lb/>tia, &longs;i non &longs;ecundum naturam, at nobis vndè ordine quodam c&ecedil;ter&ecedil; &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ quæ &longs;en&longs;um fu­<lb/>giunt & exortes materiæ &longs;unt, nuncupantur. Itaque Platonici Deum non &longs;ub&longs;tantiam, &longs;ed <foreign lang="greek">u)po| <lb/>ou_sion</foreign>, ide&longs;t, &longs;upra &longs;ub&longs;tantiam vocant naturam proprietatem attendentes & vt e&longs;t à no&longs;trate <lb/>&longs;ub&longs;tantia &longs;eparantes. Proinde vt in communibus ad vnum (id verò infrà docebimus) notio <lb/>&longs;implex ad primum in illo ordine coarctatur, &longs;ic euenit in notione &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ, hæc enim quæ &longs;en­<lb/>&longs;ilis e&longs;t, primò concipitur, & hæc pro &longs;ubiecto con&longs;tituitur. Neque ob&longs;tat, &longs;i nos armis no&longs;tris op­<lb/>pugnare coneris; quia &longs;i &longs;uppo&longs;itum ex adiectione conditionis arctatur; erit item confu&longs;io in par­<lb/>tibus methodi naturalis; quandò generalior erit animi commentatio, in qua res con&longs;iderantur, vt <lb/>&longs;en&longs;iles, quàm libri de elementis: oportet enim rationem formalem vniuer&longs;a complecti. necnon <lb/>aliquid per accidens &longs;cientiæ &longs;upponetur: nam &longs;ub&longs;tantia per accidens e&longs;t &longs;en&longs;ilis: euitamus enim <lb/>hæc omnia &longs;umentes &longs;ub&longs;tantiam &longs;en&longs;ilem &longs;ecundum materiam: cùm in his obiectionibus accipia­<lb/>tur &longs;en&longs;ile &longs;ecundum formam. Tertiò mobilitas in hac &longs;ub&longs;tantia, ide&longs;t habilitas ad motum nota­<lb/>tur, non actus ip&longs;e mouendi. quapropter idem e&longs;t e&longs;&longs;e mobile, ac naturale; hoc e&longs;t, quod habet <pb pagenum="65"/> <arrow.to.target n="marg596"></arrow.to.target><lb/>in &longs;eip&longs;o principia motus. & cùm motus &longs;it duplex, verus & metaphoricus, vt verus e&longs;t notior <lb/>nobis ita mobilitas habilitatem indicabit ad verum motum primò & præcipuè, non autem ad <lb/>non autem ad metaphoricum. hæc &longs;ub&longs;tantia mobilis nece&longs;&longs;ariò corpus e&longs;t, &longs;olùm ab eo differt, <lb/>modo <expan abbr="cõcipiendi">concipiendi</expan>, &longs;iquidem, vniuer&longs;alior e&longs;t notio &longs;ub&longs;tanti&ecedil;, quàm corporis, atque vniuer&longs;alior <lb/>quidem, non vniuer&longs;itate pr&ecedil;dicationis; totidem enim &longs;ubiecta comprehendit &longs;ub&longs;tantia &longs;en&longs;ilis, <lb/>quot corpus de prædicamento &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ, &longs;ed vniuer&longs;itate modi, quia &longs;ine limitatione, &longs;cilicet ea­<lb/>dem &longs;ub&longs;tantia comprehenditur quæ &longs;ub nomine corporis quantitare quodammodo limitatur. <lb/>Et cùm ens etiam in prima notione &longs;ub&longs;tantiam &longs;ignificet, atque illam quidem &longs;en&longs;ilem, efficitur <lb/>item, vt ens ad eandem &longs;ub&longs;tantiam contrahatur. Ergo re uera idem &longs;unt ens mobile &longs;eu natura­<lb/>le. &longs;ub&longs;tantia mobilis, &longs;eu naturalis: & corpus mobile, &longs;eu naturale. Nec vllum argumentum po­<lb/>te&longs;t opponi, quin his &longs;tantibus euerti po&longs;sit. Ac primùm, quod extremo loco oppo&longs;itum e&longs;t, quòd <lb/>&longs;ub&longs;tantia non e&longs;t &longs;ubiectum congruens cum mobilitate. Iam enim patuit &longs;ub&longs;tantiam accipi, vt <lb/>in prima &longs;ui notione & vt id ad quod c&ecedil;teræ &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ referuntur. ea verò e&longs;t &longs;en&longs;ilis &longs;ub&longs;tantia <lb/>cum qua motus conuertitur: nulla enim talis &longs;ub&longs;tantia e&longs;t quæ non &longs;it mobilis, nec vllum mo­<lb/>bile, quin &longs;it &longs;ub&longs;tantia &longs;en&longs;ilis. Sic contra nos argumentum D. Thomæ non valet, vbi probat <lb/>ens e&longs;&longs;e &longs;ubiectum, non &longs;ub&longs;tantiam, aut corpus, quia &longs;it ens proprium motus &longs;ubiectum, vt ex <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg597"></arrow.to.target><lb/>definitione apparet. quandò ens, quod in illa definitione &longs;umitur, aut adæquat &longs;ub&longs;tantiam &longs;en­<lb/>&longs;ilem, aut vt rectius dixerim, e&longs;&longs;e ibi e&longs;t non res, &longs;ed apprædicatum, ide&longs;t, non &longs;ignificat vt termi­<lb/>nus, &longs;ed vt copula: &longs;ed cùm dicitur eius, quod e&longs;t, & re&longs;oluitur copula in terminum & copulam, <lb/>& hoc quid communius e&longs;&longs;e videtur, quàm corpus & &longs;ub&longs;tantia. dico ip&longs;um non vniuer&longs;itate <lb/>prædicationis e&longs;&longs;e <expan abbr="cõmunius">communius</expan>, &longs;ed vniuer&longs;itate modi. Sic quoque defendetur D. Thomas qui ens <lb/>pro &longs;ubiecto &longs;ump&longs;it: neque enim ens vniuersè accepit, &longs;ed quod æquipollet &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ &longs;en&longs;ili. <lb/>Iam verò quòd accipitur corpus, etiam facilè re&longs;pondere licet; &longs;i &longs;ub&longs;tantiam &longs;en&longs;ilem idem e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>re cum corpore cogitemus. Itaque dum corpus efficitur &longs;ubiectum motus, dum principia, partes, <lb/>& proprietates afferuntur, etiam talis &longs;ub&longs;tantia &longs;ubiectum motus efficitur; & eius principia, par­<lb/>tes, & proprietates explicantur. Nec ea nos perturbant, quæ D. Thomas oppo&longs;uit qui in prima <lb/>notione mobilitatem re&longs;picere volumus, motum verum qui corporis e&longs;t, non metaphoricum qui <lb/>e&longs;t animi. Atque vbi opponitur demon&longs;trari id quod mouetur e&longs;&longs;e corpus, multos exitus habet <lb/>oppo&longs;itio: tùm quia probatur de corpore motus qui e&longs;t actus, in ratione verò &longs;ubiecti accipitur <lb/>mobilitas quæ e&longs;t habilitas. Prætereà non idem probatur & con&longs;tituitur. con&longs;tituitur &longs;anè in <arrow.to.target n="marg598"></arrow.to.target> cor­<lb/><lb/>pore mobilitas, at corpus de mobili probatur. Ne verò mirum videatur, vt vnum &longs;it <expan abbr="per&longs;picuũ">per&longs;picuum</expan>, <lb/>& reciprocum &longs;it ob&longs;curum, cùm &longs;&ecedil;pe in mathematicis v&longs;ueueniat probari reciprocum, quod <lb/>optimi mathematici docent ad 6. primi, quanquam id quod pro &longs;ubiecto accipitur, vnum e&longs;t vt <lb/>totum hoc corpus, &longs;eu &longs;ub&longs;tantia mobilis, & e&longs;t veluti terminus &longs;implex. ideo nullo pacto <expan abbr="demõ-&longs;trationi">demon­<lb/>&longs;trationi</expan> &longs;ubiicitur. De ratione autem quæ affertur è 1. de c&ecedil;lo rur&longs;us &longs;e&longs;e offeret occa&longs;io di&longs;pu­<lb/>tandi. Veruntamen & iterum repugnet qui&longs;piam. eo quòd omnes affectiones ine&longs;&longs;e videntur in <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg599"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;ubiecto per rationem quam formalem vocant. at non per mobilitatem ine&longs;t corpori e&longs;&longs;e in loco, <lb/>&longs;ed per &longs;uperficiem. Prætereà &longs;ubiectum vult e&longs;&longs;e vniuocum, aut ad vnum. Sed hoc quod nos <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg600"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;ubiectum facimus, nihil ex his e&longs;t. Nanque &longs;ub&longs;tantia naturalis e&longs;t, vel elementum, vel ex ele­<lb/>mentis, & corpus c&ecedil;le&longs;te quæ nihil habent vniuocum. quandò differunt vt caduca & æterna. <lb/>Nec &longs;unt ad vnum. &longs;iquidem ea quæ &longs;unt ad vnum, &longs;ic &longs;e habeant, & vnum &longs;it, à quo c&ecedil;tera mu­<lb/>tuant e&longs;&longs;entiam; Sed non ita &longs;e habent inferiora ad cœlum. cuius rei &longs;ignum: quia non vtuntur <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg601"></arrow.to.target><lb/>illò in &longs;uis definitionibus. Adde etiam quòd de &longs;ubiecto præno&longs;&longs;e oportet, quòd &longs;it, & quid &longs;it. <lb/>At vbi'nam habetur definitio &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ naturalis? Dicimus &longs;anè ad primam etiam locum e&longs;&longs;e <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg602"></arrow.to.target><lb/>proprietatem quæ pullulat à rei natura, vt po&longs;ita res in &longs;ua natura &longs;it etiam in &longs;uo loco. vnde <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg603"></arrow.to.target><lb/>dici &longs;olet. Dans formam, quæ e&longs;t natura; dare etiam con&longs;equentia formam, in quibus numeratur <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg604"></arrow.to.target><lb/>locus. e&longs;t etiam locus naturalis terminus motus naturalis. Ad &longs;ecundam &longs;ic re&longs;pondemus ad con­<lb/>&longs;eruandam rationem eorum quæ &longs;unt ad vnum, &longs;atis e&longs;&longs;e, &longs;i prius accipiatur in quid e&longs;t po&longs;te­<lb/>riorum logicè, hoc e&longs;t, in quocunque genere cau&longs;&longs;æ. Cùm igitur c&ecedil;lum habeat vim efficientis ad <lb/>ea qu&ecedil; intra orbem Lunæ continentur, ita etiam in illorum definitione comprehendetur. h&ecedil;c nos <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg605"></arrow.to.target><lb/>docuit Auerroës. <emph type="sup"/>a<emph.end type="sup"/> Tertia &longs;ic tolli poterit. Subiectum generale cuiu&longs;que facultatis ita &longs;e habere, <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg606"></arrow.to.target><lb/>vt genus generali&longs;simum. quare non re&longs;oluitur in alia principia &longs;uperiora. quocirca neque defi­<lb/>nitione &longs;ubiicitur. Verùm &longs;ufficit inchoata quædam notitia rei illius quæ per nomen &longs;ignificatur <lb/>quam vnu&longs;qui&longs;que etiam &longs;ine præmon&longs;tratore pote&longs;t habere. in methodo po&longs;teà principia ex­<lb/>quiruntur, ex quibus con&longs;tat. hanc re&longs;olutionem &longs;iquis ad definitionem dirigi putet haud repu­<lb/>gnabo (e&longs;t enim propriè de&longs;criptio) atque illam colligi autumabo non Primo de c&ecedil;lo, vt Auer­<lb/>roës opinatus e&longs;t, quoniam ibi ita definiri puto corpus naturale, quatenus continet interuallum <lb/>& pendet à quanto; &longs;ed initio &longs;ecundi. Phy&longs;. <emph type="sup"/>b<emph.end type="sup"/> po&longs;tquàm explicatum e&longs;t, quid &longs;it natura, & vbi <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg607"></arrow.to.target><lb/>o&longs;tenditur quid &longs;it habens <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>. Sic igitur &longs;ub&longs;tantia naturalis ponetur phy&longs;iologiæ <expan abbr="&longs;ubiectũ">&longs;ubiectum</expan>.</s></p> <pb pagenum="66"/> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg548"></margin.target>e 2. Phy&longs;.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg549"></margin.target>Ratio I.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg550"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg551"></margin.target>a 1. Met. <lb/>c. 1. <lb/>1. Phy&longs;. T. <lb/>c. 83.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg552"></margin.target>II.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg553"></margin.target>2. Phy&longs;. T. <lb/>c. 26.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg554"></margin.target>III.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg555"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg556"></margin.target>b 6. Met. <lb/><expan abbr="q.">que</expan> 4.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg557"></margin.target>c 3. de c&ecedil;­<lb/>lo T. 2. <lb/>3. Me. T. 7. <lb/>T. 18.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg558"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg559"></margin.target>d T. 2.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg560"></margin.target>e T. 5.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg561"></margin.target>f c. 1. 2.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg562"></margin.target>g c. 8.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg563"></margin.target>h T. 29.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg564"></margin.target>i T. 30. <lb/>T. 41.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg565"></margin.target>k T. c. 8, 15 <lb/>T. c. 6. <lb/>T. c. 1. <lb/>T. c. 5.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg566"></margin.target>l T. 2.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg567"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg568"></margin.target>m 7. Met. <lb/>T. 8.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg569"></margin.target>n 1. Phy&longs;. <lb/>T. 78.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg570"></margin.target>o 5. Met. <lb/>T. 6. 21. 22 <lb/>23.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg571"></margin.target>p 2. Phy&longs;.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg572"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg573"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg574"></margin.target>a Auer. 3. <lb/>de An. T. <lb/>c. 39.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg575"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg576"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg577"></margin.target>Ad I.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg578"></margin.target>Ad II.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg579"></margin.target>Ad III.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg580"></margin.target>Ad IIII.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg581"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg582"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg583"></margin.target>a 6. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg584"></margin.target>Ratio I.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg585"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg586"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg587"></margin.target>b 1. de c&ecedil;­<lb/>lo T. 5.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg588"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg589"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg590"></margin.target>a 1. de c&ecedil;­<lb/>lo T. 5. <lb/>6. Phy&longs;. <lb/>T. 32.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg591"></margin.target>b 6. Met. <lb/>T. 1.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg592"></margin.target>c 2. Phy&longs;. <lb/>T. 4.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg593"></margin.target>d 1. de c&ecedil;­<lb/>lo T. 1.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg594"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg595"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg596"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg597"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg598"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg599"></margin.target>Dubitat. I.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg600"></margin.target>II.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg601"></margin.target>III.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg602"></margin.target>Ad I.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg603"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg604"></margin.target>Ad II.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg605"></margin.target>Ad III.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg606"></margin.target>a Epit. Me. <lb/>T. 4.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg607"></margin.target>b 2. Phy&longs;. <lb/>T. 4.</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Quo cau&longs;&longs;arum genere, & quatenus vtatur Philo&longs;ophus naturalis. Cap. XIIII<emph.end type="italics"/>.<lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg608"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg608"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>METHODVS naturalis ad contemplationem dirigitur, & numeratur in &longs;cientiis. Scire <lb/>autem e&longs;t no&longs;ce quid, & quale &longs;it genus &longs;ubiectum per proprias cau&longs;&longs;as, principia & ele­<lb/>menta quæ &longs;cilicet in &longs;ubiecto, per &longs;e & quatenus ip&longs;um in&longs;int, quod cùm certum genus <expan abbr="præfini-tum&qacute;ue">præfini­<lb/>tumque</expan> &longs;it, accerta ratione informatum, certas quoque proprietates <expan abbr="certas&qacute;">certasque</expan>. cau&longs;&longs;as admittit. <lb/>Porrò cau&longs;&longs;arum genera multa &longs;unt, <expan abbr="multæ&qacute;">multæque</expan>, eiu&longs;dem generis cau&longs;&longs;æ <expan abbr="quarũ">quarum</expan> varietate contingit, <lb/>vt variis modis afficiantur ad &longs;cientias: neque omnes pariter, aut omnia cau&longs;&longs;arum genera per­<lb/>quirant, aut eiu&longs;dem generis omnibus vtantur. Itaque ad con&longs;tituenda phy&longs;iologiæ fundamen­<lb/>ta de hac re nobis item in hac methodo tractandum e&longs;t. Quia verò ab eiu&longs;dem generis &longs;ubiecti <lb/>principiis cùm demon&longs;tratio, tùm definitio ducuntur, ad omnem quoque notitiam quouis in&longs;tru­<lb/>mento comparetur, in&longs;tituta quæ&longs;tio pertinebit, & principia non cognitionis, vt aliquibus place­<lb/>re video; &longs;ed rei ip&longs;ius attinget quæ idem valent àc cau&longs;&longs;æ quarum quatuor &longs;pecies &longs;unt omni­<lb/>bus con&longs;picuæ, ex quo vt materia, per quod vt forma, à quo vt efficiens, cuius gratia vt finis, ta­<lb/>met&longs;i veteres, cùm materiam &longs;olam, vt cau&longs;&longs;am agno&longs;cerent, aut &longs;i prætereà cau&longs;&longs;am mouentem <lb/>ob&longs;eruarent, velut Empedocles & Anaxagoras; quia tamen vel eam non v&longs;urparent in reddenda </s></p> <p type="main"> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg609"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ratione problematum naturalium, ni&longs;i fortè cur ita fieret à materia non &longs;uppeteret, <emph type="sup"/>a<emph.end type="sup"/> vel vt fieri <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg610"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;olet in iis quæ &longs;unt ad vnum, vt res à notiore nuncupetur; quia materia quam elementum pro­<lb/>priè vocant, notior e&longs;&longs;et, eodem quoque nomine reliquas cau&longs;&longs;as &longs;ignificari voluerint. Itaque <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb/>di&longs;cordia illa Empedoclea quam &longs;ine controuer&longs;ia cau&longs;&longs;am efficientem ponimus ab Ari&longs;totele <lb/>ip&longs;o elementi nomine vocata e&longs;t; de elemento, quòd primo &longs;ignificat materiam, non principio, <lb/>aut cau&longs;&longs;a mentionem facerent. Quicquid igitur &longs;it & quomodocunque vocetur, &longs;eu <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan>, <lb/>&longs;iue cau&longs;&longs;a, &longs;iue elementum, cùm &longs;cientia quæque ex notitia principiorum, &longs;eu cau&longs;&longs;arum, &longs;iue ele­<lb/>mentorum oriatur; à nobis di&longs;&longs;erendum e&longs;t, an omnia cau&longs;&longs;arum genera phy&longs;icus a&longs;&longs;umat, & <lb/>omnes cau&longs;&longs;as ex omni genere accipiat à prima v&longs;que ad vltimam. Neque enim &longs;olùm cau&longs;&longs;æ <lb/>genere di&longs;crepant, &longs;ed in eodem genere aliqua propinquior e&longs;t, alia remotior, vt animalis mate­<lb/>ria proxima &longs;unt partes difformes, remotior vniformes, remoti&longs;sima quatuor elementa, & ratio <lb/>forma hominis proxima, remotior anima: per omnes verò re&longs;pondere liceat interrogatis cur & <lb/>quid aliquid &longs;it, vt &longs;igillatim vnaquæque cau&longs;&longs;a docet, cur & quid &longs;it: ita dubitari pote&longs;t, an ad <lb/>ab&longs;olutam rei cuiu&longs;que &longs;cientiam omnes &longs;imul a&longs;&longs;umere oporteat, &longs;iue genere, &longs;iue etiam ordine <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg611"></arrow.to.target><lb/>di&longs;tinguantur. Et omnes &longs;imul accipiendas e&longs;&longs;e monet Ari&longs;toteles, dum inuehitur in <expan abbr="Anaxagorã">Anaxagoram</expan>, <lb/>& Democritum, qui principia rerum naturalium infinita po&longs;uerunt; quòd ex omnibus cau&longs;sis <lb/>&longs;cientia con&longs;tat, ex quibus res &longs;cienda con&longs;tituta e&longs;t, quæ &longs;i infinitæ forent, nullo modo concipi <lb/>po&longs;&longs;ent. Si igitur non ex omnibus cau&longs;sis ex quibus res &longs;cienda conflatur, &longs;cientia fieret; etiam &longs;i <lb/>principia forent infinita, contingeret vt haberemus &longs;cientiam; nanque aliqua &longs;olùm ex infinitis <lb/>&longs;ufficerent ex quibus efficeretur &longs;cientia. Prætereà docuit Ari&longs;toteles ab exemplo finis à prima <lb/>v&longs;que ad &longs;upremam cau&longs;&longs;am e&longs;&longs;e procedendum; e&longs;t verò illa &longs;uprema qua allata nihil amplius <lb/>inquiritur, vt cur indutus e&longs;t pallio? vt prodeat in forum. cur hoc? vt offendat amicum. cur item <lb/>i&longs;tud? vt &longs;oluat debitum. Contrà verò neque omnia quæ &longs;ciri po&longs;&longs;unt, omnia cau&longs;&longs;arum genera <lb/>flagitant: neque item omnes à prima v&longs;que ad vltimam accipi queunt. etenim &longs;i ex eodem gene­<lb/>re omnes a&longs;&longs;umendæ &longs;int, in infinitum progredi cogemur, quod plurimum abhorret à &longs;cientia: <lb/>&longs;iquidem vt &longs;it Franci&longs;cus infinita præcedant indiuidua quæ ni&longs;i extiti&longs;&longs;ent, neque hoc exi&longs;tere <lb/>po&longs;&longs;et. Et cùm res quæ &longs;ub &longs;cientiam cadunt, &longs;int æternæ, vel mortales, & ex his quædam &longs;ub&longs;tan­<lb/>tiæ, nonnullæ accidentia: planum &longs;it æterna carere efficiente naturali, quia non e&longs;t ibi principium <lb/>motus quo definitur efficiens: accidentia verò forma: quandò nulla e&longs;t qualitatis qualitas, <emph type="sup"/>b<emph.end type="sup"/> & <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg612"></arrow.to.target><lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg613"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ex accidentibus complura fine vacare, quippe quæ ex materiæ nece&longs;sitate &longs;uboriantur. <expan abbr="ea&qacute;">eaque</expan>. <expan abbr="lib&etilde;-ter">liben­<lb/>ter</expan>, &longs;i po&longs;&longs;et, natura re&longs;pueret; ex hoc genere mors e&longs;t in brutis, & ærugo in ære; &longs;ed tantum bo­<lb/>num non &longs;ine i&longs;to paruo malo habendum e&longs;t. Itaque cùm varia rerum genera &longs;int, nec omnia <lb/>cau&longs;&longs;as omnes admittant, <expan abbr="&longs;uarum&qacute;">&longs;uarumque</expan>. rerum ex propriis ip&longs;arum principiis &longs;ingulæ &longs;cientiæ &longs;int <lb/>&longs;pectatrices; profectò neque omnes &longs;cientiæ per omnes cau&longs;&longs;as vnamquanque rem edocebunt, <lb/>neque poterunt, etiam &longs;i contendant: <expan abbr="multo&qacute;ue">multoque</expan> minus id præ&longs;tabunt &longs;ingulæ demon&longs;trationes, <lb/>aut definitiones. Verumenimuerò cùm id in non omnes cau&longs;&longs;as accipientibus, nullam habeat <expan abbr="cõ-trouer&longs;iam">con­<lb/>trouer&longs;iam</expan>, neque in &longs;cientiis illis quæ non omnes cau&longs;&longs;as ob&longs;eruant, quales mathematicas e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>po&longs;uimus in quibus nulla neque efficientis, neque boni ratio &longs;olet haberi. At &longs;tatuatur aliquid <lb/>omnes cau&longs;&longs;as habens ex omni &longs;cilicet genere ab imis v&longs;que ad &longs;ummas, an'ne demon&longs;trationes <lb/>eiu&longs;modi con&longs;trui poterunt qu&ecedil; omnes illas cau&longs;&longs;as complectantur, & erit'ne aliqua &longs;cientia qu&ecedil; <lb/>tale demon&longs;trationum genus v&longs;urpare queat? Hìc dici con&longs;ueuit. Scire &longs;impliciter accipi tribus <lb/>modis. etenim dicitur vbi quæque res per omnem rationem note&longs;cit, & &longs;ub omni notione expli­<lb/>catur, qua concipi pote&longs;t, vt homo quà ens, quà &longs;ub&longs;tantia naturalis, quà magnitudine preditus, <pb pagenum="67"/> <arrow.to.target n="marg614"></arrow.to.target><lb/>quà &longs;tudio&longs;us. Secundò quà &longs;ub certa ratione con&longs;ideratur, & in certum genus refertur, velut <lb/>&longs;i &longs;pectetur, quòd &longs;it &longs;ub&longs;tantia in qua fons in&longs;it & origo motus. Tertiò quoque &longs;impliciter &longs;ci­<lb/>tur, vbi in eo genere &longs;ub propria ratione &longs;pectetur, vt quatenus homo. Quantum certè attinet ad <lb/>primum illum modum &longs;ciendi &longs;impliciter, vel id omnes &longs;cientiæ præ&longs;tant vnà, & omnes artes & <lb/>facultates, aut vna erit &longs;cientia quæ omnem con&longs;iderandi rationem complectetur, qualem non­<lb/>nulli ponunt, qui vniuer&longs;am contemplationem in tres partes di&longs;tributam e&longs;&longs;e volunt, non ex re­<lb/>rum natura, &longs;ed ex v&longs;u no&longs;tro, & ob doctrinæ commoditatem, ob quam &longs;anè cau&longs;&longs;am &longs;æpe fit, vt <lb/>id quod vnius e&longs;t methodi & loci, in aliam methodum locumúe transferatur, aut aliunde tracta­<lb/>tum petatur. ita dicunt primum philo&longs;ophum tran&longs;ump&longs;i&longs;&longs;e rationes ex 8. Phy&longs;. & vocis tracta­<lb/>tionem quæ loci illius propria e&longs;t in qua &longs;en&longs;ilium natura declaratur, accipi è 2. de Anim. necnon <lb/>vim ridiculorum quæ ip&longs;ius e&longs;t oratoris, à poëtarum arte de&longs;umptam. Nec ratio dee&longs;t qua con­<lb/>firment illud admirabile. Quandò &longs;cientiæ &longs;e habent veluti res. Sed vnum e&longs;t omnium genus &longs;i­<lb/>ne vniuocum, &longs;iue ad vnum, nihil refert ad &longs;tatuendum &longs;cientiæ &longs;ubiectum, nimirum ens. Ergo <lb/>& vna &longs;cientia, cuius reliquæ &longs;int partes, quemadmodum reliqua entia &longs;unt partes entis. Sed <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> <lb/>&longs;it hoc fal&longs;um, rerum obiectarum varietas mon&longs;trat, difformitas principiorum & di&longs;similis de­<lb/>mon&longs;trandi modus, vnde &longs;cienti&ecedil; di&longs;tinguuntur, vt anteà vi&longs;um e&longs;t. quid enim cum rebus diuinis <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg615"></arrow.to.target><lb/>habet affinitatis, quòd æqualibus demptis ab aliis æqualibus re&longs;idua &longs;int æqualia? & accuratio re­<lb/>quiritur in mathematicis, quæ negligitur in prima philo&longs;ophia propter illiberalitatem. naturalis <lb/>flagitat demon&longs;trationes quæ cum &longs;en&longs;u conueniant, Naturalis & mathematica res &longs;peciatim <lb/>tractant; vniuersè prima philo&longs;ophia. & omnes tractare &longs;cientias, vt aliqua res reneatur, præter­<lb/>quàm quòd erit Stoicorum dogmate in&longs;i&longs;tere, quòd idem quem <expan abbr="&longs;api&etilde;tem">&longs;apientem</expan> e&longs;&longs;e volunt, & rex erit <lb/>bonus, & &longs;utor bonus, quod ri&longs;u explodendum e&longs;t; etiam cogetur primus philo&longs;ophus de&longs;cende­<lb/>re ad particularem cuiu&longs;que rei con&longs;iderationem, vt cum &longs;pectabit hominem quatenus e&longs;t ens, <lb/>quod nos nulla ratione approbamus, tùm etiam &longs;cientiæ non habebunt præfinitas interrogatio­<lb/>nes, &longs;ed &longs;ciens de omni quæ&longs;tione di&longs;&longs;erere valebit. Quòd &longs;i id ab Ari&longs;totele perpetuò negatum. <lb/>atque id ip&longs;um acceptum de &longs;ecundo genere &longs;ciendi &longs;impliciter; planum e&longs;t Ari&longs;totelem non no­<lb/>ui&longs;&longs;e primum &longs;ciendi modum; &longs;ed planè &longs;ecundum accepi&longs;&longs;e &longs;ub quo tertius item continetur: <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> <lb/>&longs;upponitur in quaque demon&longs;tratione ratio generalis eius generis quod in ea &longs;cientia tractatur, <lb/><expan abbr="ea&qacute;">eaque</expan>. propriis ve&longs;titur attributis. Nam quòd vna &longs;it &longs;cientia, quia &longs;it vnum rerum omnium genus; <lb/>nihil officit planè, etenim &longs;pectare licet res, vel vt habent inter &longs;e ordinem prædicationis, vel vt <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg616"></arrow.to.target><lb/>habent in &longs;eip&longs;is rationem &longs;cibilis. vt &longs;cibiles autem habent certos terminos quibus continentur, <lb/>& certos tractandi modos. At ens c&ecedil;tera complectitur vt prædicabile, vnde &longs;cientiarum partitio <lb/>non accipitur. Non &longs;equitur igitur, vt etiam &longs;i ens de omnibus prædicetur; &longs;it vna &longs;cientia com­<lb/>munis. Igitur accipiamus &longs;ecundum genus &longs;ciendi &longs;impliciter quod ab Ari&longs;totele definitum fui&longs;­<lb/>&longs;e credimus: & cùm duo &longs;int cau&longs;&longs;arum ordines, primus qui po&longs;itus e&longs;t in quatuor diuer&longs;is gene­<lb/>ribus, alter qui gradibus cau&longs;&longs;arum generis eiu&longs;dem con&longs;i&longs;tit; &longs;i primum ordinem &longs;pectemus, ita <lb/>decernetur. Effectum, &longs;eu quæ&longs;tionem non e&longs;&longs;e nece&longs;&longs;ariò re&longs;oluendam in &longs;ingula genera cau&longs;&longs;a­<lb/>rum, &longs;ed in ea duntaxat à quibus pendet. Cauendum verò e&longs;&longs;e, vt omnia &longs;ub illa ratione ponan­<lb/>tur quæ illius &longs;cientiæ propria e&longs;t in qua ver&longs;amur. vt &longs;i de re naturali, quatenus e&longs;t huiu&longs;modi, <lb/>quæramus; eius &longs;cientiam con&longs;equemur ex iis ip&longs;is cau&longs;sis quæ pertinent ad rem illam <expan abbr="con&longs;titu&etilde;-dam">con&longs;tituen­<lb/>dam</expan>, quatenus hæc omnia continent rationem motus quo naturalis &longs;cientia determinatur. Ita <lb/>fiet vt mathematicus tractans quantum, etiam &longs;i quantum ab efficiente producatur; & &longs;it form&ecedil; <lb/>in&longs;trumentum, <expan abbr="idem&qacute;">idemque</expan>. materiæ extentæ terminus, nihil horum attinget; quia repudiant h&ecedil;c ab­<lb/>&longs;tractionem & immobilitatem quam con&longs;ectatur mathematicus. Verùm quod &longs;pectat ad <arrow.to.target n="marg617"></arrow.to.target> cau&longs;&longs;a­<lb/><lb/>rum gradus, res ip&longs;a re&longs;oluenda e&longs;t in cau&longs;&longs;as v&longs;que &longs;ummas; modo tamen cau&longs;&longs;æ per &longs;e ad effe­<lb/>ctum dirigantur. &longs;i minus; quantumuis &longs;e con&longs;equantur, non omnes accipiendæ &longs;unt. vt puta, <lb/>inuentio the&longs;auri, cau&longs;&longs;am habet proximam nimirum effo&longs;sionem, effo&longs;sio quoque <expan abbr="certã">certam</expan> habet <lb/>cau&longs;&longs;am, nempe ru&longs;ticum effodientem. Inuentio tamen the&longs;auri per &longs;e à ru&longs;tico effodiente non <lb/>pendet, &longs;iquidem the&longs;aurus præter &longs;pem <expan abbr="con&longs;ilium&qacute;">con&longs;iliumque</expan>. effodientis inuentus fuerit. Quamuis ergo <lb/>&longs;it alia prima cau&longs;&longs;a effo&longs;sionis, non nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t ab ea per &longs;e pendere effo&longs;sionis effectum, quando­<lb/>quidem prima illa cau&longs;&longs;a non huc per &longs;e contendit, &longs;ed per accidens &longs;olùm, effodiebat enim ru&longs;ti­<lb/>cus terram, vt &longs;ereret arbores, arborum &longs;atio per &longs;e optabatur; &longs;ed dum &longs;ationis gratia foderet, <lb/>euenit fortuito, vt the&longs;aurum inueniret. Atque ita etiam &longs;i in infinitum indiuidua &longs;ibi &longs;uccedant, <lb/>po&longs;teriora tamen exi&longs;tunt, & cogno&longs;ci po&longs;&longs;unt; proptereà quòd et&longs;i alterum ex altero na&longs;citur in <lb/>infinitum: vt à Saturno Iuppiter, à Ioue Tantalus, non tamen Saturnus e&longs;t per &longs;e cau&longs;&longs;a Tantali, <lb/>&longs;ed per accidens. Quocirca non cogimur di&longs;&longs;oluere po&longs;terius hoc indiuiduum in reliqua omnia <lb/>præcedentia, nec in immen&longs;um, &longs;ed in illis cau&longs;sis acquie&longs;cimus quas per &longs;e nouimus ad eius in­<lb/>diuidui <expan abbr="propagation&etilde;">propagationem</expan> concurrere. Proinde etiam &longs;i Ari&longs;toteles omnes cau&longs;&longs;as in demon&longs;tratione <lb/>definitioneúe &longs;umendas &longs;ignificauerit, eius &longs;ententiam vt collectim, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> di&longs;tributiuè <expan abbr="pronuntiatã">pronuntiatam</expan> <pb pagenum="68"/>accipiemus, quòd hæc &longs;cientia fiat ex his cau&longs;sis, ex aliis alia, vt quamuis phy&longs;ica demon&longs;tret per <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg618"></arrow.to.target><lb/>omnia genera cau&longs;&longs;arum, non tamen per illa omnia vnum quodque demon&longs;trare cogatur. Nunc <lb/>ad illa veniamus quorum cau&longs;&longs;a hæc præfati &longs;umus, ac doceamus quibus cau&longs;sis, & quatenus <lb/>phy&longs;icus vtatur. Profectò &longs;i phy&longs;icus &longs;pectat &longs;ub&longs;tantias quà mobiles &longs;unt, mathematicus autem <lb/>res immobiles, <expan abbr="con&longs;imili&qacute;">con&longs;imilique</expan>. modo primus philo&longs;ophus: phy&longs;icus &longs;anè cau&longs;&longs;as illas accipere debe­<lb/>bit à quibus pendet motus, eas negligent primus philo&longs;ophus & mathematicus, <expan abbr="illas&qacute;">illasque</expan>. &longs;olas reci­<lb/>pient, quæ &longs;ine motu &longs;uos præ&longs;tabunt affectus. hoc quidem prima fronte &longs;ic decernendum vide­<lb/>bitur: attamen non &longs;ine diligenti inqui&longs;itione approbandum; &longs;iquidem oporteat de cau&longs;&longs;arum <lb/>&longs;peculatione di&longs;tinguere. Nanque pluribus modis cau&longs;&longs;æ <expan abbr="principia&qacute;">principiaque</expan>, tractari po&longs;&longs;unt, vel vt res <lb/>quædam & entia ab&longs;oluta veluti Deus, quà Deus e&longs;t; vel etiam vt cau&longs;&longs;æ, <expan abbr="eadem&qacute;ue">eademque</expan> tractantur, <lb/>quòd illarum natura & e&longs;&longs;entia cum diligentia ve&longs;tigetur, &longs;iue quod ad cognitionem <expan abbr="incomplexã">incomplexam</expan> <lb/>pertinet, &longs;iue quod ad complexam, aut in demon&longs;trationibus &longs;olùm a&longs;&longs;umuntur. Rur&longs;us &longs;pecu­<lb/>latio principiorum aut e&longs;t habitus, aut methodi. Permagni verò intere&longs;t &longs;it'ne &longs;peculatio metho­<lb/>di an habitus. Nam methodi e&longs;&longs;e dicitur, quia doceri po&longs;sit; habitus autem, quia cognitio <expan abbr="quid&etilde;">quidem</expan> <lb/>pendeat ex alicuius &longs;cientiæ fundamentis, attamen explicari aut non nece&longs;&longs;e &longs;it, aut nequeat. Et <lb/>planè principiorum cognitio, quà &longs;unt entia & incomplexa & ab ea con&longs;ideratione ab&longs;trahuntur <lb/>quæ principij, hoc e&longs;t, relatiui cuiu&longs;dam rationem præ&longs;efert nullius e&longs;&longs;e methodi iure optimo <arrow.to.target n="marg619"></arrow.to.target> iu­<lb/><lb/>dicabitur, quemadmodum de mente actu cen&longs;etur ab Auerroë. <emph type="sup"/>a<emph.end type="sup"/> quandò explicatio methodica <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg620"></arrow.to.target><lb/>procedendo à nobis notis ea &longs;olum indicat, e&longs;&longs;entiam per &longs;e menti con&longs;iderandam relinquit, hæc <lb/>autem habitu &longs;apientiæ pollens alla contemplatur. Itaque cùm methodum in præ&longs;entia con&longs;ecte­<lb/>mur, de illis di&longs;&longs;eramus, quà methodo &longs;ubiiciuntur. Ea primum quà principia, ide&longs;t, cum relatio­<lb/>ne & habitudine concipiuntur: deinde vt complexa tractantur, hoc e&longs;t, vt doceatur, hæc e&longs;&longs;e prin­<lb/>cipia, neque id qui&longs;quam negare audebit, opinor, qui primum phy&longs;icum &longs;edulò ob&longs;eruabit, vbi <lb/>contraria prima & &longs;ubiectum e&longs;&longs;e principia concluditur. <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> e&longs;&longs;e, inquàm, hæc principia qu&ecedil; &longs;unt, <lb/>forma, priuatio, & &longs;ubiectum; &longs;ed formam, priuationem & materiam e&longs;&longs;e principia. verùm quòd <lb/>&longs;int, præterquàm quòd demon&longs;trationi non e&longs;t obnoxium, &longs;icuti docuimus antè, methodi mune­<lb/>ra tran&longs;ilit, <expan abbr="menti&qacute;">mentique</expan>, &longs;oli committitur. Illud video non &longs;atis ab Ari&longs;totelis interpretibus animad­<lb/>uer&longs;um, ne dixerim, confu&longs;um; quod e&longs;t, cau&longs;&longs;am tractare & illam v&longs;urpare in <expan abbr="demõ&longs;trationibus">demon&longs;trationibus</expan>. <lb/>Etenim vt facile me o&longs;ten&longs;urum confido phy&longs;icum omni cau&longs;&longs;arum genere demon&longs;trando vti, <lb/>sic omne cau&longs;&longs;arum genus cum diligentia ab ip&longs;o tractari confurabo. Quòd enim per omne cau&longs;­<lb/>&longs;æ genus demon&longs;tret, præter Ari&longs;totelis te&longs;timonia, <emph type="sup"/>b<emph.end type="sup"/> ratio confirmat quæ e&longs;t huiu&longs;modi. Ad <arrow.to.target n="marg621"></arrow.to.target> na­<lb/><lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg622"></arrow.to.target><lb/>turalem philo&longs;ophiam pertinet illas cau&longs;&longs;as in demon&longs;trationibus a&longs;&longs;umere ex quibus pendent <lb/>&longs;ub&longs;tantiæ naturales, quà naturales &longs;unt. Sed &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ naturales, quatenus huiu&longs;modi, pendent: <lb/>ex omni genere cau&longs;&longs;arum. Et omne igitur cau&longs;&longs;arum genus, ad naturalem philo&longs;ophiam perti­<lb/>nebit. Iam enim con&longs;titit &longs;cientiam, <expan abbr="quanquã">quanquam</expan> in proprio quodam genere ver&longs;ari, & omneis cau&longs;­<lb/>&longs;as in demon&longs;tratione e&longs;&longs;e v&longs;urpandas ex quibus res ip&longs;a con&longs;tat, quatenus in ea &longs;cientia tractari <lb/>pote&longs;t. At verò in rebus naturalibus quà &longs;unt naturales, e&longs;t forma, vt quod quid erat e&longs;&longs;e homi­<lb/>nis; materia men&longs;trua, mouens pater, finis cuius gratia vel qui cum forma conuenit, vel eius ope­<lb/>ratio perfecta. Et profectò cum rerum naturalium ingenio congruit omnis cau&longs;&longs;arum generis <lb/>a&longs;&longs;umptio. quippe quòd &longs;int &longs;uoptè nixu mobiles. Atqui in motu &longs;ubiectum requiritur quod e&longs;t <lb/>materia; de&longs;ideratur efficiens, vnde principium motus exi&longs;tat. exoptatur finis quo efficientis ope­<lb/>ra terminantur, flagitatur forma per quam &longs;it id quod natura per motum con&longs;equi voluit; neque <lb/>enim mouet, in immen&longs;um, &longs;ed aliquid permanens mouendo cupit adipi&longs;ci, <expan abbr="eo&qacute;">eoque</expan>. <expan abbr="cõparato">comparato</expan> quie­<lb/>&longs;cere, id autem e&longs;t forma. C&ecedil;terùm hoc facilè dabitur: illud non approbabitur à pleri&longs;que philo­<lb/>&longs;ophum naturalem demon&longs;trando accipere primam formam & primum finem, & ad id <arrow.to.target n="marg623"></arrow.to.target> confir­<lb/><lb/>mandum multa loca & rationes adducentur. Quoniam ea quæ con&longs;iderat phy&longs;icus, re&longs;piciunt <lb/>motum. At primus finis & prima forma &longs;ine motu con&longs;i&longs;tunt & concipiuntur. Igitur à phy&longs;ico <lb/>non a&longs;&longs;umuntur. Prætereà cùm res naturales &longs;ine motu, &longs;eu materia non definiantur, illæ cau&longs;&longs;æ <lb/>&longs;unt à phy&longs;ico a&longs;&longs;umendæ quæ cum motu operantur. Cùm ergo primus finis & prima forma &longs;e­<lb/>parentur à motu; dicemus item ha&longs;ce cau&longs;&longs;as cum &longs;cientia naturali non congruere. Tum etiam <lb/>ip&longs;emet Ari&longs;toteles affirmat phy&longs;icum &longs;pectare quæcunque mouendo mouentur, <emph type="sup"/>c<emph.end type="sup"/> quæcunque <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg624"></arrow.to.target><lb/>verò manent immobilia non e&longs;&longs;e phy&longs;icæ con&longs;iderationis, <expan abbr="idem&qacute;">idemque</expan>. a&longs;&longs;erit. De principio <expan abbr="&longs;ecundũ">&longs;ecundum</expan> <lb/>formam <emph type="sup"/>d<emph.end type="sup"/> vtrum vnum, an plura exqui&longs;itè decernere alterius e&longs;&longs;e officij, non naturalis. Et multo <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg625"></arrow.to.target><lb/>clarius adhuc 1. <emph type="sup"/>e<emph.end type="sup"/> de ortu. a&longs;&longs;euerat, de immobili principio di&longs;tinguere prioris e&longs;&longs;e philo&longs;ophi. <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg626"></arrow.to.target><lb/>Quamobrem naturalis à c&ecedil;teris philo&longs;ophijs &longs;eparatur, quòd motum & materiam perpetuò &longs;u­<lb/>mit. Sed prima forma <expan abbr="primus&qacute;">primusque</expan>. finis motum non re&longs;piciunt. Non ergo v&longs;urpantur à phy&longs;ico. <lb/>Sed enim, &longs;i philo&longs;ophus naturalis a&longs;&longs;umere debet omneis cau&longs;&longs;as corporis naturalis, quatenus <lb/>e&longs;t huiu&longs;modi, in eius verò cau&longs;sis prima forma <expan abbr="primus&qacute;">primusque</expan>. finis numerantur. (e&longs;t enim primus fi­<lb/>nis primum quid e&longs;t) <emph type="sup"/>f<emph.end type="sup"/> Ergo & prima forma <expan abbr="primus&qacute;">primusque</expan>. finis a&longs;&longs;umentur à philo&longs;opho naturali. <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg627"></arrow.to.target> <pb pagenum="69"/> <arrow.to.target n="marg628"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;iquidem pluribus locis cau&longs;&longs;am perpetuæ &longs;ucce&longs;sionis in rebus caducis o&longs;tendat e&longs;&longs;e primum fi­<lb/>nem, cui omnia parent, & quod imitari cupiunt. Proptereà, vt omnes cau&longs;&longs;as ab imis v&longs;que ad <lb/>&longs;ummas adhiberi à phy&longs;ico iuis demon&longs;trationibus affirmo: &longs;ic omnes cum diligentia ab eodem <lb/>tractari po&longs;&longs;e nego; &longs;ed eas tantùm cum diligentia in hac methodo explicandas e&longs;&longs;e quæ non &longs;e­<lb/>parantur à motu, reliquarum explicatio diligens &longs;uperiori officio delegabitur. & cau&longs;&longs;a e&longs;t, quia <lb/>cùm includant rationem & notionem motus, quia motus à phy&longs;ico diligenti&longs;simè exponitur; er­<lb/>go, & illa, in quorum notione ine&longs;t motus optimè à naturali cogno&longs;centur. Nam veri&longs;imile e&longs;t <lb/>ibi aliquid maximè cogno&longs;ci, vbi illud maximè cogno&longs;citur per quod explicatur. Itaque omnia <lb/>illa loca quæ nuper allata <expan abbr="cõtrà">contrà</expan> fuerunt, o&longs;tendent quidem naturalem philo&longs;ophum cau&longs;&longs;as illas <lb/>non exponere & pro merito tractare: nihil ob&longs;tabunt, quominus eas in demon&longs;trationibus v&longs;ur­<lb/>pari po&longs;&longs;e credamus. illud &longs;olum per&longs;uadebunt: demon&longs;trationem qu&ecedil; in cau&longs;&longs;as illas re&longs;oluitur, <lb/>vt e&longs;t ex maximè primis in hac philo&longs;ophia, ita non e&longs;&longs;e ex nobis noti&longs;simis, quòd illò phy&longs;icæ <lb/>methodi vis non tuebatur. Re&longs;tat igitur, vt efficiens & materia cum omni diligentia tractentur à <lb/>philo&longs;opho naturali & demon&longs;trationes quæ è tali cau&longs;&longs;arum genere conflantur in methodo na­<lb/>turali, &longs;int &longs;uis numeris <expan abbr="partibus&qacute;">partibusque</expan>. ab&longs;olutæ. & omnibus modis; cùm è c&ecedil;teris ab&longs;olutæ quidem <lb/>&longs;int, &longs;ed in proprio genere; quia &longs;cilicet illis &longs;it contentus, quatenus referuntur ad motum. Nam <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg629"></arrow.to.target><lb/>quicquid vlterius cogno&longs;citur, &longs;i facit ad rei notitiam pleniorem; non tamen facit ad <expan abbr="notitiã">notitiam</expan> rei, <lb/>quatenus e&longs;t naturalis, &longs;ed vt cadit in aliam rationem, vt puta, entis. Neque ob&longs;tat quòd operen­<lb/>tur prima forma <expan abbr="primus&qacute;">primusque</expan>. finis &longs;ine motu: quare non re&longs;piciant &longs;ub&longs;tantiam naturalem; quia <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb/>id &longs;ibi vult illud dictum, quòd omnis earum ratio <expan abbr="notioq.">notioque</expan> &longs;eparentur à motu: &longs;ed quòd inter re­<lb/>liquas cau&longs;&longs;as hæ quoque &longs;ine motu con&longs;iderari queunt, cùm functiones habeant qu&ecedil; &longs;ine corpo­<lb/>re obiri po&longs;sint. Ideo quatenus re&longs;piciunt motum, pertinent ad methodum naturalem: &longs;ed cùm <lb/>habeant item alia officia qu&ecedil; &longs;egregantur à motu, illa res natura plenè cogno&longs;ci nequit à phy&longs;ico <lb/>qui non excedit limitibus motus, &longs;ed ab eo philo&longs;opho cogno&longs;cetur qui con&longs;iderat entia quæ <lb/>&longs;unt immobilia; hic verò e&longs;t primus philo&longs;ophus. Quanquam de iis quæ nuper con&longs;tituta &longs;unt, <lb/>non leues exi&longs;tunt dubitationes: &longs;iquidem &longs;ubiectum philo&longs;ophi&ecedil; naturalis perfectius in alia <expan abbr="&longs;ci&etilde;-tia">&longs;cien­<lb/>tia</expan>, quàm in naturali no&longs;ceretur; ibi enim perfectius no&longs;citur, vbi ip&longs;ius principia no&longs;cuntur. <lb/>Quia verò facilè hoc dabis obiiciens locum Ari&longs;totelis, <emph type="sup"/>a<emph.end type="sup"/> vbi te&longs;tatur primi philo&longs;ophi munus <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg630"></arrow.to.target><lb/>e&longs;&longs;e præbere &longs;ubiecta c&ecedil;teris &longs;cientiis; qua&longs;i no&longs;cat ip&longs;e &longs;olus illa e&longs;&longs;e &longs;impliciter: animaduerte ob­<lb/>&longs;ecro Ari&longs;totelem agere de eo quòd &longs;int; itaque verè dicere: quandò vnus primus philo&longs;ophus <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg631"></arrow.to.target><lb/>tenet rem e&longs;&longs;e, quatenus e&longs;t: &longs;ed nos hîc &longs;ub&longs;tantiam naturalem &longs;ub ratione naturæ concipimus; <lb/>eam verò nulli notiorem fore quàm philo&longs;opho naturali prædicamus. Tùm etiam &longs;citu dignum <lb/>e&longs;t an'ne materia plenè cogno&longs;catur à philo&longs;opho naturali; ecquid'nam amplius afferat ad hanc <lb/>cognitionem primus philo&longs;ophus. At verò quantum e&longs;t de primo: cùm &longs;it hoc in no&longs;tris placitis <lb/>con&longs;titutum principia &longs;pectari in methodis cum habitudine ad ea quorum principia &longs;unt, etiam <lb/>&longs;equenti auctoritatem Ari&longs;totelis &longs;crupulum iniiciet ea &longs;ententia. <emph type="sup"/>b<emph.end type="sup"/> Siquis vnum è relatiuis <arrow.to.target n="marg632"></arrow.to.target> di­<lb/><lb/>&longs;tinctè no&longs;&longs;e velit, alterum quoque di&longs;tinctè no&longs;cat nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t: neque enim &longs;atis e&longs;t percunctanti <lb/>cuius ego &longs;im filius, &longs;i parentis filium me e&longs;&longs;e audiuerit: &longs;ed tùm acquie&longs;cet, &longs;i me Nicolai filium <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e doceatur, qui nobiles cau&longs;&longs;as aliquando perorarit: aliter non plus certior abierit, quàm curio­<lb/>&longs;ior ille qui quærens ex quodam &longs;eruo, quò iret, & cuius e&longs;&longs;et; re&longs;pon&longs;um tulerit. Huc eo, heri <lb/>&longs;um &longs;eruos; nunquid nunc es certior? Hîc ego te con&longs;iderare velim, longè aliud e&longs;&longs;e rei merita <lb/>tractare, & methodi in qua ver&longs;amur, etenim methodus procedit ex propriis, & certis <expan abbr="quibu&longs;dã">quibu&longs;dam</expan> <lb/>terminis cohibetur: itaque &longs;atis e&longs;t illi ea continere quæ ip&longs;ius propria &longs;unt, reliqua negligit; neo <lb/>idcirco quicquàm de iure &longs;uo deminuit rei notitia latius patet, & <expan abbr="quando&qacute;">quandoque</expan>, multarum <arrow.to.target n="marg633"></arrow.to.target> methodo­<lb/><lb/>rum opem flagitat: itaque c&ecedil;lum & à naturali & ab A&longs;tronomo con&longs;ideratur; quia &longs;ubit diuer&longs;as <lb/>rationes; cùm c&ecedil;teroquin vna &longs;it cuiu&longs;que methodi ratio qua determinatur: quamobrem ea prin­<lb/>cipiorum notitia contenta e&longs;&longs;e debet, qua &longs;ubiectum &longs;ub propria ratione tractatur, vlteriorem <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb/>requirit; & quicquid vlterius adhibetur, alienum e&longs;t, & ad rei quidem notitiam faciens, &longs;ed nihil <lb/>adiuuans illam methodum. Neque no&longs;&longs;e oportet, vt aliquem certò patrem alterius e&longs;&longs;e &longs;ciamus, <lb/>&longs;it'ne animal rationis compos an brutum; neque po&longs;tulat ea notitia certam atque accuratam fun­<lb/>damenti, vt ita dicam, explicationem: itaque di&longs;tincta alterius relatiui cognitio v&longs;que ad <expan abbr="quendã">quendam</expan> <lb/>terminum peruenit, & cum di&longs;tinctione illa adhuc connexam habet aliquam confu&longs;ionem: aliter <lb/>immineret periculum, ne &longs;ciremus bis duo facere quatuor, ni&longs;i perfectè &longs;ciremus quid e&longs;&longs;et nume­<lb/>rus, quid quantitas, & an &longs;it materi&ecedil; proprietas, an form&ecedil;. neque no&longs;&longs;et expugnare oppidum Im­<lb/>perator, ni&longs;i cogno&longs;ceret quid &longs;it victoria, quid beatitudo, & cuncta politic&ecedil; principia teneret, qu&ecedil; <lb/>&longs;anè res e&longs;t venia potius, quàm admiratione digna. Hoc iudicio <expan abbr="cõmotus">commotus</expan> Antonius apud M. Tul­<lb/>lium <emph type="sup"/>c<emph.end type="sup"/> oratoriam facultatem modicis regionibus circun&longs;cribit; & infinitatem illam quæ&longs;tionum <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg634"></arrow.to.target><lb/>de quacunque re &longs;ubtiliter di&longs;ceptandi negat oratori. Sed Ari&longs;totelis ip&longs;ius iudicium, & aliorum <lb/>philo&longs;ophorum per&longs;equamur. quotasqui&longs;que e&longs;t ex A&longs;tronomis, qui de eclyp&longs;i ita di&longs;putet, vt <pb pagenum="70"/>quærat, vnde opacitas Lunæ na&longs;catur, & qu&ecedil;'nam &longs;it corporis illius natura, è quo'nam materiæ <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg635"></arrow.to.target><lb/>genere con&longs;tet, quæ &longs;it eius forma; vtrum'ne caducum &longs;it corpus, an mortale? eo contentus erit, <lb/>quòd Luna à Sole <expan abbr="lum&etilde;">lumen</expan> accipiat, eùm &longs;it corpus opacum, & eiu&longs;modi, vt ip&longs;um ad nos reflectat; <lb/>atque vbi ex interuentu terræ lumen Solis amittat, tùm fieri eclyp&longs;in: itaque ve&longs;tigabit quo tem­<lb/>pore terra &longs;ic inter vtraque lumina interponatur, vt Luna in eius vmbram incurrat, & eclyp&longs;in ita <lb/>de&longs;ignabit. & illa di&longs;cens nihilo plus erit bonus mathematicus. Et medicus v&longs;que ad quendam <lb/>terminum materiam nerui no&longs;cere volet; accuratam eius perqui&longs;itionem phy&longs;ico relinquet; ni­<lb/>hilominus Alexandro dignus e&longs;&longs;e poterit. Etiam logicus illa breui in&longs;tructione <expan abbr="prædicamentorũ">prædicamentorum</expan> <lb/>contentus erit, certam doctrinam primo philo&longs;opho delegabit. Ergo fines &longs;uos aliquando tuebi­<lb/>tur methodus, dum rem pro &longs;uo munere explanabit; etiam &longs;i principia non pro rei dignitate, &longs;ed <lb/>pro &longs;uo ip&longs;ius merito tractet. & tamen tanta lux erit principiorum, vt quamuis non ab&longs;olutè co­<lb/>gno&longs;cantur; ea tamen illu&longs;trare queant quæ &longs;unt ex ip&longs;is; & &longs;i non quatenus ea res pateretur, at <lb/>&longs;altem quoad ab eius methodi profe&longs;&longs;ore de&longs;ideratur. Proinde Phy&longs;ico &longs;at e&longs;&longs;e dicemus, &longs;i pri­<lb/>mum motorem &longs;ic tractet, vt re&longs;picit materiam &longs;en&longs;ilem; <expan abbr="eius&qacute;">eiusque</expan>. attributa doceat, quatenus erum­<lb/>punt ex illa habitudine; nec aliter explicatur ab ip&longs;o, quòd e&longs;t indiuiduus & æternus, & extra <lb/>omnem materiæ contagionem: quapropter omnibus modis immobilis; ni&longs;i quòd eius aliquod <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg636"></arrow.to.target><lb/>munus redundat in materiam: quod fine illa habitudine concipi pote&longs;t, id alterius officium e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>dicimus. & hoc modo 3. Phy&longs;. pars erit no&longs;træ methodi; & in illo regre&longs;&longs;us phy&longs;icus; &longs;i <expan abbr="methodũ">methodum</expan> <lb/>re&longs;picias, ab&longs;olutus; &longs;i rem perpendas, aliqua ex parte deficiens. At verò tibi fortè negotium fa­<lb/>ce&longs;&longs;et, quòd &longs;i ita nouit phy&longs;icus primum motorem, & eius accurata notitia pertinet ad alterum <lb/>philo&longs;ophum; videbitur e&longs;&longs;e &longs;ubalternus, quod tamen anteà confutatum e&longs;t: etenim non poterit <lb/>explicare quid &longs;it illud principium, nec afferre propter quid &longs;impliciter, &longs;ed <expan abbr="o&longs;t&etilde;det">o&longs;tendet</expan> tantum quòd <lb/>&longs;it; cur ita &longs;it, ab altero arce&longs;&longs;et, atqui vbi hic gradus intercedebat; &longs;ubalternationis ratio poneba­<lb/>tur. Ad hoc dicam primum motorem quoque primum, quà primus e&longs;t motor, à phy&longs;ico no&longs;ci <lb/>quid &longs;it, quantum fert eius ingenium, quod propter &longs;implicitatem definitioni non e&longs;t obnoxium: <lb/>deinde tum re&longs;pondebo affinitatem e&longs;&longs;e &longs;ubalternationis, vbi in genere conueniant &longs;ubalterna & <lb/>&longs;ubalternans: at cùm &longs;ublimior &longs;peculatio primi motoris &longs;it alterius generis; cùm hæc &longs;pectet &longs;ub­<lb/>&longs;tantiam naturalem; illa verò &longs;ub&longs;tantiam &longs;impliciter (etenim genus in &longs;cientiis à ratione formali <lb/>ducitur qu&ecedil; omnino diuer&longs;a e&longs;t in phy&longs;ica & prima philo&longs;ophia) non igitur erit phy&longs;ica &longs;ubalter­<lb/>na. Tertiò defendimus primum motorem &longs;e habere vt finem; at qu&ecedil; con&longs;iderat finem, non habet <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg637"></arrow.to.target><lb/>rationem &longs;ubalternantis, &longs;ed architectonicæ. Quapropter e&longs;t gemina facultas, quæ in motoris pri­<lb/>mi notitia vertitur; & &longs;ingulæ in &longs;uo genere perfectæ. Tran&longs;eo nunc ad alterum caput, quo de no­<lb/>titia materiæ di&longs;ceptandum e&longs;t, quo phy&longs;icæ conceditur: nam multa contrà &longs;uccurrunt; &longs;iquidem <lb/>plena cuiu&longs;que rei cognitio tunc habetur; cùm omnes cau&longs;&longs;æ no&longs;cuntur ex quibus res illa pendet. <lb/>Sed materia cau&longs;&longs;as omnes infert; ab omnibus pendet. Igitur materia cau&longs;&longs;arum omnium <expan abbr="notitiã">notitiam</expan> <lb/>flagitat. Atqui non omnes cau&longs;&longs;æ cogno&longs;cuntur à phy&longs;ico. Neque igitur phy&longs;icus plenè cogno­<lb/>&longs;cet materiam. Nanque materia formæ gratia e&longs;t & finis; eademq: finem: &longs;ine efficientis opera <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb/>con&longs;equitur. Præterea materia, vt nobis placet, e&longs;t pote&longs;tas. ea verò &longs;ine actu cogno&longs;ci <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> pote&longs;t. <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg638"></arrow.to.target><lb/>Cæterùm neque actus neque pote&longs;tas à phy&longs;ico, vel auctore Ari&longs;totele ab&longs;olutè cogno&longs;cuntur. <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg639"></arrow.to.target><lb/><emph type="sup"/>a<emph.end type="sup"/> Ergo neque materia. Confirmo etiam, quia formæ &longs;ciri debet magis quàm materia. Sed forma <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg640"></arrow.to.target><lb/>non cogno&longs;citur à phy&longs;ico perfectè; multò minus igitur materia: Vrgebit nos item Auicenna te­<lb/>&longs;te Auerroë. <emph type="sup"/>b<emph.end type="sup"/> Quando cognitio cuiu&longs;que rei tùm exi&longs;tit, cum eius cau&longs;&longs;æ cogno&longs;cuntur à primis <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg641"></arrow.to.target><lb/>v&longs;que ad vltimas. At materia prima non pote&longs;t à phy&longs;ico no&longs;ci. Neque item vltima & proxima. <lb/>quia omnes artifices mentionem faciunt de materia proxima, non de remota & prima, vt medi­<lb/>cus de materia proxima nerui, quæ fortè &longs;unt elementa. Verùm phy&longs;icus e&longs;t artifex particularis: <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg642"></arrow.to.target><lb/>neque enim &longs;pectat ens &longs;impliciter, &longs;ed aliqua conditione re&longs;trictum, vt puta mobilitate. Neque <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg643"></arrow.to.target><lb/>igitur phy&longs;icus &longs;pectabit materiam primam. Tùm etiam; quòd &longs;i eam tractaret phy&longs;icus, & <expan abbr="demõ-&longs;trare">demon­<lb/>&longs;trare</expan> po&longs;&longs;et. non demon&longs;trat autem, quia principium e&longs;t. Nos item in confirmationem adimus. <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg644"></arrow.to.target><lb/>Prima philo&longs;ophia materiam cogno&longs;cit. Sed prima philo&longs;ophia e&longs;t maximè &longs;cientia, quippe quæ <lb/>&longs;ciat ex maximè primis. Ergo & ip&longs;a magis &longs;cit quàm phy&longs;ica. Sic materiæ tractatio non erit pr&ecedil;­<lb/>cipua philo&longs;ophi naturalis. Sed quantum &longs;pectat ad Auicennæ decretum; fal&longs;um pror&longs;us exi&longs;ti­<lb/>mo phy&longs;icum materiæ primæ cognitionem detrectare. Tùm quòd artifex, et&longs;i materiam <expan abbr="cõmu-ni&longs;simam">commu­<lb/>ni&longs;simam</expan> non &longs;pectat; quia certas formas &longs;ibi propo&longs;itas habet, vt &longs;tatuarum &longs;tatuarius; at nihilo­<lb/>minus <expan abbr="cõ&longs;iderat">con&longs;iderat</expan> materiam communem omnibus &longs;uis formis, vt marmor, aut æs. Itaque cùm phi­<lb/>lo&longs;ophus naturalis con&longs;ideret omnes formas naturales, etiam con&longs;iderare cogetur materiam <expan abbr="cõ-munem">con­<lb/>munem</expan> omnibus illis formis, hæc verò e&longs;t materia prima; quandoquidem etiam ip&longs;a primas ele­<lb/>mentorum formas accipiat. Accedit eodem, quòd &longs;i phy&longs;icus de motu differit, etiam principia <lb/>motus omnia ve&longs;tigare debet in quibus cum materia prima reponatur, efficit item, vt materia pri­<lb/>ma &longs;it à phy&longs;ico no&longs;cenda. Quamobrem non id puto nunc in controuer&longs;iam e&longs;&longs;e reuocandum; <pb pagenum="71"/> <arrow.to.target n="marg645"></arrow.to.target><lb/>tractet'ne phy&longs;icus &longs;impliciter materiam primam, quia certè tractat: &longs;ed an'ne phy&longs;icus magis <lb/>no&longs;cat materiam primam quàm primus philo&longs;ophus. Rationes autem Auicennæ cum reliquis <lb/>po&longs;teà diluentur. nam vi&longs;um e&longs;t prius di&longs;ceptare de cau&longs;sis, quas tractant primus philo&longs;ophus & <lb/>mathematicus.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg609"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg610"></margin.target>a 14. Met. <lb/>c. 4.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg611"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg612"></margin.target>b 1. Po&longs;t.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg613"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg614"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg615"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg616"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg617"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg618"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg619"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg620"></margin.target>a 3. de An. <lb/>T. c. 36.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg621"></margin.target>b 2. Phy&longs;. <lb/>T. 70. <lb/> 8. Met. <lb/>T. 12.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg622"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg623"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg624"></margin.target>c 2. Phy&longs;. <lb/>T. 71.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg625"></margin.target>d 1. Phy&longs;. <lb/>T. 83.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg626"></margin.target>e T. 14.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg627"></margin.target>f 12. Met. <lb/>T. 48.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg628"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg629"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg630"></margin.target>a 6. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg631"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg632"></margin.target>b Prædit.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg633"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg634"></margin.target>c Orator.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg635"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg636"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg637"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg638"></margin.target>II.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg639"></margin.target>III.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg640"></margin.target>a 1. Phy&longs;. <lb/>T. 78. <lb/>Auicennæ <lb/>ratio I.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg641"></margin.target>b 2. Phy&longs;. <lb/>T. c. 22.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg642"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg643"></margin.target>II.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg644"></margin.target>III.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg645"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Vt &longs;e habeant cau&longs;&longs;æ in prima philo&longs;ophia & mathematicis. Cap. XV<emph.end type="italics"/>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>EADEM quoque di&longs;tinctio propemodum quadrabit in primam philo&longs;ophiam. dicemus enim <lb/>genus omne cau&longs;&longs;arum v&longs;urpari ab illo philo&longs;opho demon&longs;trando: accuratam verò expli­<lb/>cationem primi finis, <expan abbr="primæ&qacute;">primæque</expan>. formæ &longs;olius e&longs;&longs;e primi philo&longs;ophi. Nanque & id quod aiebat Ari­<lb/>&longs;toteles, principio &longs;ecundum &longs;peciem determinare alterius quàm phy&longs;icæ methodi munus e&longs;&longs;e, <lb/>& omnino de immobili principio &longs;atis per&longs;uadent, eas cau&longs;&longs;as ab ip&longs;o &longs;olo cum <expan abbr="dilig&etilde;tia">diligentia</expan> tractari; <lb/>reliquas autem cau&longs;&longs;as, materiam nimirum & efficiens monet Ari&longs;toteles in illa methodo propo­<lb/>ni ad explicandum, <emph type="sup"/>a<emph.end type="sup"/> vbi docet quatuor entium cau&longs;&longs;as ibi e&longs;&longs;e tractandas. Omne item cau&longs;&longs;&ecedil; <arrow.to.target n="marg646"></arrow.to.target> ge­<lb/><lb/>nus accipiet in demon&longs;trando primus philo&longs;ophus: &longs;iquidem contempletur ens, quatenus ens: <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg647"></arrow.to.target><lb/>itaque contemplatur omneis cau&longs;&longs;as entis, quatenus ens. Sed omnia cau&longs;&longs;arum genera &longs;unt cau&longs;&longs;&ecedil; <lb/>entis. Igitur & per omne cau&longs;&longs;arum genus demon&longs;trabit. Et cùm entium quædam &longs;en&longs;ilia &longs;int, <lb/>alia &longs;en&longs;um fugiant, & immunia &longs;int à materia: &longs;en&longs;ilium verò principia &longs;int materia & efficiens. <lb/>Ergo materia & efficiens non modò à primo philo&longs;opho tractabuntur, &longs;ed demon&longs;trando item <lb/>accipientur. Itaque omne cau&longs;&longs;æ genus ab vtroque philo&longs;opho a&longs;&longs;umetur. &longs;ed ea quæ re&longs;piciunt <lb/>motum, vt ab illo &longs;eparari non po&longs;sint, diligenter à phy&longs;ico tractabuntur: illa verò qu&ecedil; ab&longs;oluun­<lb/>tur à motu, diligenter ve&longs;tigabit primus philo&longs;ophus, vt <expan abbr="&longs;olũ">&longs;olum</expan> &longs;pectandi ratio differens intercedat: <lb/>quia &longs;cilicet phy&longs;icus ea cau&longs;&longs;arum genera tractabit, quà &longs;unt principia corporis naturalis; pri­<lb/>mus autem philo&longs;ophus quatenus &longs;unt principia entis. quod item docuit <expan abbr="nõnunquàm">nonnunquàm</expan> Auerroës. <lb/><emph type="sup"/>b<emph.end type="sup"/> & te&longs;tatus e&longs;t contemplationem primi philo&longs;ophi, <emph type="sup"/>c<emph.end type="sup"/> licet eadem tractet àc phy&longs;icus e&longs;&longs;e <arrow.to.target n="marg648"></arrow.to.target> <expan abbr="cõmu-">commu­<lb/><lb/></expan> <arrow.to.target n="marg649"></arrow.to.target><lb/>niorem, quippe qui etiam con&longs;iderando &longs;en&longs;ilia ad particularia <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> de&longs;cendat. At verò cùm è cau&longs;­<lb/>&longs;is quædam proximæ &longs;int, aliæ remotæ, &longs;eu quædam vniuer&longs;ales, aliæ &longs;peciales, haud facilè dede­<lb/>rim omnes æquè accipi aut &longs;pectari à primo philo&longs;opho, &longs;icut à naturali. quandò primus philo&longs;o­<lb/>phus e&longs;t vniuer&longs;alis admodum, nec particularia contemplatur quæ &longs;pectantur à phy&longs;ico: aliter <lb/>cæteræ &longs;cientiæ redundarent. Proinde cau&longs;&longs;arum proximarum tractationem pror&longs;us denegarem <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg650"></arrow.to.target><lb/>primo philo&longs;opho. & naturali committerem. Neque ob&longs;tant illa quæ opponi &longs;olent. vt primum <lb/>philo&longs;ophum non concipere motum; naturalem nihil &longs;ine motu <expan abbr="cõprehendere">comprehendere</expan>. Aut etiam quòd <lb/>hæ methodi &longs;ecum differunt, quòd prima philo&longs;ophia &longs;ine motu con&longs;iderat illa quæ naturalis <lb/>non diuellit à motu. Neque enim hæc nos ita credere cogunt, vt quæ &longs;ine motu exi&longs;tunt, &longs;ic à pri­<lb/>mo philo&longs;opho tractentur, aut accipiantur, quin & illa &longs;pectet, aut a&longs;&longs;umat, quæ <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> re&longs;piciunt: <lb/>aut quòd phy&longs;icus ita illa a&longs;&longs;umat quæ motum re&longs;piciunt, vt cætera negligat. Sed illud notant, <lb/>quo vtræque methodi &longs;eparantur. ex hoc enim di&longs;tinguuntur quòd prima philo&longs;ophia cum dili­<lb/>gentia tractat immobilia principia, phy&longs;ica verò mobilia, neque tamen ob id ab oppo&longs;itorum no­<lb/>titia excluduntur. <expan abbr="&longs;olum&qacute;">&longs;olumque</expan>. &longs;ufficit phy&longs;ico, &longs;i principia quæ &longs;unt immobilia con&longs;ideret, aut &longs;u­<lb/>mat, quatenus re&longs;piciunt motum. Quapropter non erit &longs;impliciter verum primum philo&longs;ophum <lb/>&longs;ine motu & materia contemplari. Sed verum erit ea quæ tractat phy&longs;icus, à materia <expan abbr="motu&qacute;">motuque</expan>. <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb/>ab&longs;olui. Idcirco neque dici poterit. omnem con&longs;iderationem quæ materiam <expan abbr="motum&qacute;">motumque</expan>. includit, <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e naturalem. Sed illud verè a&longs;&longs;euerabitur, omnem con&longs;iderationem qu&ecedil; re&longs;puit motum & ma­<lb/>teriam e&longs;&longs;e primi philo&longs;ophi, &longs;eu rectius, non naturalem, quia mathematicæ quoque repudiant <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg651"></arrow.to.target><lb/>motum. Ad quas nunc accedentes, ijs <expan abbr="cõ&longs;titutis">con&longs;titutis</expan> quæ de illarum ingenio pluribus anteà di&longs;putata <lb/>fuerunt: nimirum quòd cau&longs;&longs;as habent, & quòd cùm immobilia &longs;tatuant, fine & efficiente carent, <lb/>addemus. Si mathematicorum morem Euclidis, Archimedis, & Ptolem&ecedil;i con&longs;ulamus, nullam de <lb/>vllo cau&longs;&longs;arum genere mentionem fieri intelligemus. Etenim &longs;crip&longs;ere per lemmata; rem &longs;cilicet <lb/>ip&longs;am nudam qua &longs;cientia <expan abbr="cõtinetur">continetur</expan>, expre&longs;&longs;erunt, alteram, atque illam quidem nece&longs;&longs;ariam par­<lb/>tem omi&longs;ere, quæ pertinet ad modum &longs;ciendi, & ad informandos animos auditorum, qua gene­<lb/>ralia quædam capita exponuntur quibus illa &longs;cientia gubernatur: rerum &longs;cilicet conditio <expan abbr="mate-riæ&qacute;">mate­<lb/>riæque</expan>. &longs;ubiectæ edi&longs;&longs;eritur, enarratur quod demon&longs;trationum genus admittat, & denique illa pr&ecedil;­<lb/>cepta, quæ generaliter à primo philo&longs;opho & analytico tradita &longs;unt, ad materiam &longs;ubiectam ac­<lb/>commodantur. Hæc &longs;anè omnia ab auctoribus mathematicæ neglecta, aut &longs;iquid ad hoc pertinet, <lb/>vnus Ptolemæus id præ&longs;titit. Sed veri&longs;imile e&longs;t, &longs;icut Ari&longs;toteles in cæteris &longs;cientiis atque faculta­<lb/>tibus con&longs;cribendis perpetuò fecit; &longs;ic & in ijs edocendis fui&longs;&longs;e facturum: & &longs;icuti aliorum erro­<lb/>res detexit, dum ea neglexere, quæ quatenus ip&longs;um in&longs;unt & aliena per&longs;ecuti &longs;unt; dum rationes <lb/>&longs;ophi&longs;ticas, & p&longs;eudographos adnotauit, dum rerum mathematicarum & quantitatis vim &longs;igni­<lb/>ficauit, dum docuit quo'nam <expan abbr="cau&longs;&longs;arũ">cau&longs;&longs;arum</expan> genere definiendo <expan abbr="demon&longs;trando&qacute;">demon&longs;trandoque</expan>. vterentur, ita quoque <pb pagenum="72"/>in proœmijs eadem moniturum fui&longs;&longs;e lectores. Fac igitur mathematicorum commentarios ea <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg652"></arrow.to.target><lb/>methodi parte, quæ modus &longs;ciendi vocatur, fui&longs;&longs;e &longs;uppletos. cùm immobilia tractent; <expan abbr="planũ">planum</expan> e&longs;t, <lb/>neque de fine, neque de efficiente &longs;ermonem ab iis fui&longs;&longs;e faciendum. Cæterùm neque de materia <lb/>&longs;en&longs;ili, quandò &longs;ubiicitur mutationibus. Itaque re&longs;tat, vt de forma & ad &longs;ummum de altero ma­<lb/>teriæ genere quod intelligendum vocatur, &longs;ermonem facturi fuerint. quod autem &longs;it id materi&ecedil; <lb/>genus po&longs;thàc docebimus. At cùm mathematica &longs;int formæ naturales, in eo &longs;olum differentia, <lb/>quòd vt &longs;unt in materia &longs;en&longs;ili, citra notionem illius concipiuntur, ex hoc efficitur, vt iis re uera <lb/>materia &longs;upponatur, atque illa quidem &longs;en&longs;ilis. &longs;ed id non e&longs;t methodi mathematicæ. Verum­<lb/>enimuerò, quia quantum accipitur <expan abbr="idq.">idque</expan> in infinitum &longs;ectile, infinitas autem e&longs;t à materia, quà e&longs;t <lb/>interuallum: etiam quod attinet ad hanc methodum, tale materiæ genus e&longs;t mathematici mune­<lb/>ris. Nunc videndum, quo cau&longs;&longs;æ genere demon&longs;trando vtatur. ac de forma dubium non e&longs;t apud <lb/>Ari&longs;totelem, aut aliquem ex eius interpretibus de genere formæ dubium e&longs;t, & vtrum materiam <lb/>adhibeat <expan abbr="demõ&longs;trando">demon&longs;trando</expan>, nec'ne, vulgò dicitur formam propriè non &longs;umi ab ip&longs;o, &longs;ed formam <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> <lb/>appellant declarantem, hoc e&longs;t medium, in cuius virtute conclu&longs;io no&longs;citur. Sed nos olim docui­<lb/>mus, ea&longs;dem eiu&longs;dem e&longs;&longs;e definitiones naturales & mathematicas, & rei principia &longs;umi; ac &longs;i <expan abbr="quã-do">quan­<lb/>do</expan> media declarantia &longs;olùm accipiuntur, illa in propria quid e&longs;t adhuc re&longs;oluenda e&longs;&longs;e profite­<lb/>mur, quæ tamen à mathematicis aut neglecta fuerint, quia &longs;atis foret illis ad v&longs;um properantibus <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg653"></arrow.to.target><lb/>veritatem a&longs;&longs;equi theorematum, aut forta&longs;&longs;e ignorata, quia proprias affectiones quanti &longs;igillatim <lb/>con&longs;ectati fuerint, non eius naturam & quod per &longs;e ine&longs;t in quanto. aut etiam non omnia quæ <lb/>ignorantur, e&longs;&longs;e obnoxia demon&longs;trationi, &longs;icut in cæteris &longs;cientiis, &longs;ed aliqua à &longs;igno declarari, <expan abbr="nõ-nulla">non­<lb/>nulla</expan> &longs;en&longs;u ip&longs;o patefieri, & qua&longs;i digito indicari, quæ &longs;cilicet per &longs;e ignota non &longs;unt, &longs;ed medio <lb/>quodammodo &longs;e habentia, vt neque per&longs;picua &longs;int. nanque h&ecedil;c principia &longs;unt, neque per &longs;e igno­<lb/>ta, quòd horum &longs;it demon&longs;tratio, &longs;ed ignota quodammodo. quapropter admonitione &longs;ola, aut <lb/>aliquo &longs;igno confirmantur. Materiam multi negant accipere demon&longs;trando mathematicum. Et <lb/>certè &longs;i (vt aiunt) mathematici non con&longs;iderant &longs;ub&longs;tantiam, materia verò e&longs;t &longs;ub&longs;tantia, non po­<lb/>terunt illam a&longs;&longs;umere. Veruntamen ab Ari&longs;totele notatur illa demon&longs;tratio <emph type="sup"/>a<emph.end type="sup"/> qua probatur <arrow.to.target n="marg654"></arrow.to.target> an­<lb/><lb/>gulum in &longs;emicirculo e&longs;&longs;e rectum, quòd accipiat materiam. Nanque accipit partes. atqui partes <lb/>quanti ad totum &longs;unt vt materia. Et quod a&longs;&longs;umitur Mathematicum non con&longs;iderare <expan abbr="&longs;ub&longs;tantiã">&longs;ub&longs;tantiam</expan>; <lb/>&longs;i id &longs;it non con&longs;iderare &longs;ub&longs;tantiam, quod e&longs;t rationem &longs;ub&longs;tanti&ecedil; non habere in &longs;uis contempla­<lb/>tionibus, & ego quoque con&longs;entiam: &longs;ed &longs;i id &longs;ibi velit, quia cum quanto &longs;ub&longs;tantiam non con­<lb/>cipiat, omnino negabo ob eas &longs;cilicet rationes quibus docuimus accidens à &longs;ub&longs;tantia, neque re, <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg655"></arrow.to.target><lb/>neque cogitatione po&longs;&longs;e &longs;eparari. & quas &longs;uperius attulimus, dum de eius &longs;cienti&ecedil; meritis agere­<lb/>mus, admonebo &longs;olùm &longs;ub&longs;tantiam illam actu non e&longs;&longs;e, &longs;iquidem inter mathematicos A&longs;trologus <lb/>vnus, <emph type="sup"/>b<emph.end type="sup"/> tale genus &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ contempletur. &longs;ed eam quæ potentia e&longs;t, & interuallum nomine <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg656"></arrow.to.target><lb/>proprio nuncupatur, quod etiam cùm Simplicio &longs;ub&longs;tantiam e&longs;&longs;e defendemus, & à quanto diuer­<lb/>&longs;am, <emph type="sup"/>c<emph.end type="sup"/> atque illam dicimus, vbi &longs;ine iis affectionibus cogitetur quæ per motum accedunt, e&longs;&longs;e <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg657"></arrow.to.target><lb/>materiam intelligendam quæ mathematicis &longs;upponitur. Itaque a&longs;trologus non purè mathemati­<lb/>cus; &longs;ed inter mathematicos naturalis con&longs;tituitur. Non ergo &longs;ub&longs;tantia &longs;impliciter, vt cen&longs;uit <lb/>Albertus, &longs;ed pote&longs;tate &longs;ub&longs;tantia: non ip&longs;um quantum, vt ij qui &longs;ectantur Auerroëm, licet ratio­<lb/>nibus quibu&longs;dam confirmare nitantur eiu&longs;modi &longs;ententia. Tùm quòd in definitionibus quæ in <lb/>geometria & arithmetica ponuntur nulla materiæ notitia per&longs;piciatur. Tùm etiam, quia doceat <lb/>Ari&longs;toteles mathematicum relinquere &longs;olum quantum, & continuum. <emph type="sup"/>d<emph.end type="sup"/> Atque item auctoritas <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg658"></arrow.to.target><lb/>accedat Alexandri & aliorum Græcorum <emph type="sup"/>e<emph.end type="sup"/> qui materiam illam intelligendam; autument e&longs;&longs;e <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg659"></arrow.to.target><lb/>quantum: qua&longs;i verò ip&longs;e Euclides, <emph type="sup"/>f<emph.end type="sup"/> dum definit vnitatem, non definiat per &longs;ubiectum, <expan abbr="inqui&etilde;s">inquiens</expan>, <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg660"></arrow.to.target><lb/>vnitatem e&longs;&longs;e &longs;ecundum quam vnum quodque eorum quæ &longs;unt, vnum dicitur, & ip&longs;e Auerroës <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg661"></arrow.to.target><lb/>in definitione quanti & continui non moneat &longs;ubintelligendam e&longs;&longs;e &longs;ub&longs;tantiam. <emph type="sup"/>g<emph.end type="sup"/> Et &longs;iquando <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg662"></arrow.to.target><lb/>dixerint Græci quantum e&longs;&longs;e <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, &longs;ic costueamur: quia pote&longs;tate quantum acceperint, quod <lb/>Auerroës interminatum vocauit; &longs;i minus explodendi &longs;int. quòd &longs;i accipiant, vti debent, <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan> <lb/>non id quod e&longs;t actu, &longs;ed pote&longs;tate, pari quoque ratione Auerroës defendi poterit. Neque me ad­<lb/>huc de &longs;ententia deducere pote&longs;t eruditi&longs;simus ille Pererius, dum conatur o&longs;tendere mathemati­<lb/>cas e&longs;&longs;entias & affectiones quæ de quantitate demon&longs;trantur, nullo modo illi conuenire in ordine <lb/>ad &longs;ub&longs;tantiam, &longs;ed per &longs;e, vt e&longs;&longs;e diuiduum, inter &longs;e commetiri, admittere &ecedil;qualitatem, proportio­<lb/>nem & c&ecedil;tera id genus: triangulum habere treis angulos æqualeis duobus rectis: lineam rectam <lb/>in puncto circulum tangere, <expan abbr="alia&qacute;">aliaque</expan>. multa quæ pa&longs;sim in ea di&longs;ciplina occurrunt: cuncta enim &longs;ine <lb/>vllius &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ re&longs;pectu, inquit, in&longs;unt in quantitate. Neque enim hæc ita &longs;e habent &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ <lb/>beneficio, &longs;ed quantitatis vnius, vnde exi&longs;tit extentio, terminatio, <expan abbr="omnis&qacute;">omnisque</expan>. ratio deriuatur æquali­<lb/>tatis & inæqualitatis, in quibus definiendis tota geometria planè occupatur. <expan abbr="Con&longs;imili&qacute;">Con&longs;imilique</expan>. ratione <lb/>cubum tantum &longs;patij pote&longs;t occupare, non propter &longs;ub&longs;tantiam, &longs;ed per &longs;eip&longs;um, vt &longs;i qua vis <lb/>tantum valeret, vt &longs;ub&longs;tantiam à quantitate &longs;eiungeret, quantitas ip&longs;a tantundem &longs;patij &longs;emper <pb pagenum="73"/> <arrow.to.target n="marg663"></arrow.to.target><lb/>obtineret; quemadmodum etiam &longs;i quantitati &longs;ub&longs;tantia rur&longs;us accederet; nihilo plus &longs;patij po&longs;­<lb/>&longs;et implere. Siquidem hæc omnia con&longs;iderentur in potentia quanto quod e&longs;t materia, &longs;ed <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ex­<lb/>plorata natura materi&ecedil;. <expan abbr="docuerit&qacute;">docueritque</expan>. philo&longs;ophus <expan abbr="ration&etilde;">rationem</expan> diui&longs;ionis ex potentia quanto <emph type="sup"/>a<emph.end type="sup"/> quod e&longs;t <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg664"></arrow.to.target><lb/>materia, tanquam ex fundamento deriuari, cui terminos, quibus po&longs;itis verè <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan> e&longs;t, vt doce­<lb/>bimus aliàs, qui à forma imponuntur in natura, mens ip&longs;a con&longs;tituit in mathematicis. itaque verè <lb/>pote&longs;tate quantum e&longs;t; actu &longs;olùm e&longs;t <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan> per <expan abbr="de&longs;ignation&etilde;">de&longs;ignationem</expan>. Quapropter, non potentia quan­<lb/>tum e&longs;t mentis opus, &longs;ed naturæ, ac &longs;iquo pacto mens in <expan abbr="quãto">quanto</expan> po&longs;sit, illud &longs;it actu <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan>, quod <lb/>ip&longs;a in potentia quanto de&longs;ignauit. Neque refert quòd eidem termini ab Ari&longs;totele ponantur na­<lb/>turales & mathematici. Nanque & ij qui de&longs;ignantur, &longs;unt eorum &longs;imulachta qui &longs;unt in natura, <lb/>vt quadratum quod ego de&longs;igno in charta, præ&longs;entat quadratum quod ine&longs;t aut ine&longs;&longs;e pote&longs;t in <lb/>corpore naturali. Quamobrem neque accedam ad eorum <expan abbr="&longs;ent&etilde;tiam">&longs;ententiam</expan> qui defen&longs;uri <expan abbr="mathematicũ">mathematicum</expan> <lb/>omne &longs;ub&longs;tanti&ecedil; genus pr&ecedil;termittere; ad id quod à nobis opponi &longs;olet. Po&longs;terius à priore <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> po&longs;­<lb/>&longs;e di&longs;iungi, re&longs;pondent id <expan abbr="verũ">verum</expan> e&longs;&longs;e, quandocunque prius in po&longs;terioris definitione &longs;umatur, & <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <lb/>&longs;ine ip&longs;o po&longs;terius intelligi nequit: neque .n. id ita euenire puto in &longs;ub&longs;tantiam ad accidens; cùm <lb/>placeat & <expan abbr="&longs;ub&longs;tantiã">&longs;ub&longs;tantiam</expan> in <expan abbr="accid&etilde;tis">accidentis</expan> definitione <expan abbr="cõprehendi">comprehendi</expan>, & <expan abbr="accid&etilde;s">accidens</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> po&longs;&longs;e <expan abbr="cõcipi">concipi</expan> &longs;ine <expan abbr="&longs;ub&longs;tãtia">&longs;ub&longs;tantia</expan>.<lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg665"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg646"></margin.target>a 1. & 2. <lb/>Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg647"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg648"></margin.target>b 12. Met. <lb/>T. c. 5.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg649"></margin.target>c 2. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg650"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg651"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg652"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg653"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg654"></margin.target>a 2. Po&longs;t.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg655"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg656"></margin.target>b 12. Met. <lb/>T. 44.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg657"></margin.target>c 4. Phy&longs;.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg658"></margin.target>d 11. Met. <lb/>T. 3.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg659"></margin.target>e 7. Met. <lb/>T. 35. 39.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg660"></margin.target>f 7. Elen.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg661"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg662"></margin.target>g 1. de c&ecedil;­<lb/>lo T. c. 2.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg663"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg664"></margin.target>a 3. Phy&longs;.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg665"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Auicennærationes diluuntur quibus probat materiæ primæ con&longs;iderationem e&longs;&longs;e &longs;olius <lb/>primi philo&longs;ophi. Cap. XVI<emph.end type="italics"/>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>REDEO nunc ad rationes illas quibus probari videbatur materiam primam nihil attinere <lb/>ad philo&longs;ophiam naturalem, &longs;ed materiam <expan abbr="proximã">proximam</expan> <expan abbr="primæ&qacute;">primæque</expan>. <expan abbr="cõtemplationem">contemplationem</expan> e&longs;&longs;e &longs;olius <lb/>primi philo&longs;ophi. Rationes autem <expan abbr="cõplures">complures</expan> ad idem allatæ fuerunt quibus &longs;igillatim re&longs;pondere <lb/>oportet: &longs;ed prius aliqua veluti fundamenta &longs;ubiicienda &longs;unt. <expan abbr="Horũ">Horum</expan> primo &longs;tatuetur quot modis <lb/>aliquid magis &longs;cire contingat, altero verò quid &longs;ibi velit id quo plurimum nititur Auicenna, nimi­<lb/>rum primum <expan abbr="philo&longs;ophũ">philo&longs;ophum</expan> e&longs;&longs;e artificem <expan abbr="cõem">conem</expan>, phy&longs;icum verò particularem. In primis igitur &longs;cire <lb/>magis e&longs;t tum, cùm &longs;citur per cau&longs;&longs;as id quod per effectum, & &longs;igna no&longs;cebatur, &longs;iue id in eadem <lb/>&longs;cientia contingat, &longs;iue &longs;ciatur per &longs;igna in &longs;ubalterna, & in &longs;ubalternante per cau&longs;&longs;as. Pr&ecedil;tereà &longs;i­<lb/>quid per priores cau&longs;&longs;as &longs;ciatur, magis &longs;citur. priores <expan abbr="aut&etilde;">autem</expan> cau&longs;&longs;æ &longs;unt, vel ex eodem genere à qui­<lb/>bus &longs;cilicet effectus pendet principalius. vel è generibus diuer&longs;is: qu&ecedil; &longs;eries ab Ari&longs;totele &longs;ignifica­<lb/>tur 2. Po&longs;t. vbi materies omnium infima, finis autem <expan abbr="omniũ">omnium</expan> primus e&longs;&longs;e perhibetur. quod item & <lb/>ad eandem <expan abbr="&longs;cientiã">&longs;cientiam</expan> & ad diuer&longs;as pertinere pote&longs;t. Et &longs;cire magis ille dicitur qui nobiliore modo <lb/>nouit quàm qui modo ignobiliore, vt Rex magis &longs;cit, quàm <expan abbr="c&etilde;turio">centurio</expan>, quia quod centurio &longs;igillatim <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg666"></arrow.to.target><lb/>nouit, ip&longs;e rex vniuersè cogno&longs;cit. Necnon magis ille &longs;cit, qui plura de aliqua re nouit, quàm qui <lb/>pauciora. Et ille quoque magis &longs;cit qui rei ip&longs;ius e&longs;&longs;entia & quid e&longs;t, maximè nouit. <expan abbr="Cũ">Cum</expan> verò quid <lb/>e&longs;t & e&longs;&longs;entia logicè &longs;umi po&longs;sit & phy&longs;icè: ac logicè quidem omne cau&longs;&longs;&ecedil; genus &longs;it quid e&longs;t: phy­<lb/>&longs;icè vero &longs;ola forma aut ad &longs;ummum quod definitione &longs;ignificatur, nos hic e&longs;&longs;entiam non logicè, <lb/>&longs;ed phy&longs;icè accipimus, & magis illum &longs;cire dicimus qui per formam nouit, & denique per intrin­<lb/>&longs;eca principia. Et ille planè optimè &longs;cire videtur qui per formam nouit. Signo illud e&longs;t. quòd de­<lb/>finitio poti&longs;simè nobis euoluit illa principia quæ rem <expan abbr="cõ&longs;tituunt">con&longs;tituunt</expan>, vt patet in iis de finitionibus qu&ecedil; <lb/>omnium perfecti&longs;sim&ecedil; &longs;unt; &longs;unt verò &longs;peciei &longs;peciali&longs;sim&ecedil; de prædicamento &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ, nam <expan abbr="cõ-&longs;tant">con­<lb/>&longs;tant</expan> è genere & differentiis quibus primum forma exprimitur, deinde materia, ex quibus res ip&longs;a <lb/>con&longs;tituta e&longs;t: aliæ cau&longs;&longs;æ omittuntur, ni&longs;i fortè cùm forma <expan abbr="cõueniant">conueniant</expan>, vt in pleri&longs;que rebus natu­<lb/>ralibus euenit. &longs;ed pror&longs;us attenditur forma <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> &longs;icuti res obtinendo perfectionem con&longs;ecuta e&longs;t, <lb/>ita mens contemplando fine &longs;uo potitur: materia vt form&ecedil; pars e&longs;t, <expan abbr="&longs;iquid&etilde;">&longs;iquidem</expan> in forma contineatur. <lb/>Sed de his aliàs. Vltimò &longs;cire dicitur hic magis, quàm alter, quòd alterius cognitio illi &longs;uppona­<lb/>tur. vt &longs;ubalternans &longs;cit magis, quàm &longs;ubalterna, quia pr&ecedil;ter id quod rem e&longs;&longs;e nouit vt &longs;ubalterna, <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg667"></arrow.to.target><lb/>nouit pr&ecedil;tereà cur ita &longs;it. Quantum verò e&longs;t de &longs;ecundo fundamento; multis item modis aliquis <lb/>&longs;ciens vniuer&longs;alis e&longs;&longs;e fertur. Etenim ille vniuer&longs;alis qui &longs;pectat genus, &longs;i <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> altero conferatur qui <lb/>&longs;olam &longs;peciem tractat; veluti phy&longs;icus vniuer&longs;alis e&longs;t, medicus particularis, quòd ille <expan abbr="omniũ">omnium</expan> <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> <lb/>naturalium vires explorat. hic in homine con&longs;iderando &longs;uam operam impendit. Proinde vniuer­<lb/>&longs;ales artifices appellare &longs;olet Ari&longs;t. primum <expan abbr="philo&longs;ophũ">philo&longs;ophum</expan>, dialecticum, & &longs;ophi&longs;ten, addere quoque <lb/>licet oratorem. Nanque orator de <expan abbr="ei&longs;d&etilde;">ei&longs;dem</expan> rebus di&longs;&longs;erere pote&longs;t, de quibus dialecticus, & &longs;ophi&longs;tes; <lb/>Ni&longs;i quod hi vniuersè tractant, vt quid hominem deceat; ille quid deceat Socratem & &longs;igillatim <lb/>con&longs;iderat. qui omnes &longs;ic appellati fui&longs;&longs;e videntur, quòd ens vniuersè <expan abbr="propo&longs;itũ">propo&longs;itum</expan> habeant, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> hanc <lb/>aut illam portionem entis. vt mathematicus habet quantum. Secundo loco vniuer&longs;alis artifex ille <lb/>dici pote&longs;t qui efficit id quod vult ex <expan abbr="cõmunibus">communibus</expan> & per accidens nec accipit propria, & per fo &longs;ic <lb/>dialecticus, &longs;ophi&longs;tes, & orator vniuer&longs;ales &longs;unt: primus philo&longs;ophus non e&longs;t vniuer&longs;alis, <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan>, <lb/>et&longs;i de omni ente di&longs;&longs;erit, at illa quæ &longs;unt entis propria ve&longs;tigat, & qu&ecedil; per &longs;e in&longs;unt, <expan abbr="cõmunia">communia</expan> <expan abbr="for-tuita&qacute;">for­<lb/>tuitaque</expan>. reijcit. Tertiò vniuer&longs;alis ille dici pote&longs;t qui rem vniuersè con&longs;iderat: <expan abbr="id&qacute;">idque</expan>. tribus modis, <lb/>(ni&longs;i fallor) intelligi pote&longs;t, vel quia nullis legibus obligetur, &longs;ed euagetur quà velit, & talem vi­<lb/>detur po&longs;ui&longs;&longs;e Philoponus <emph type="sup"/>b<emph.end type="sup"/> <expan abbr="dialecticũ">dialecticum</expan> <expan abbr="eius&qacute;">eiusque</expan>. affines, quippe qui de rebus naturalibus <arrow.to.target n="marg668"></arrow.to.target> mathema­<lb/> <pb pagenum="74"/>ticis, medicis & ad alios artifices attinentibus promi&longs;cuè di&longs;putare valeant: itaque ei&longs;dem auctor <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg669"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ille propria principia denegauit, attribuit aliena. Vel etiam vniuer&longs;alis e&longs;t, quia con&longs;ideret aliquid <lb/>nulla differentia contractum, vt &longs;iquis hominem <expan abbr="cõ&longs;ideraret">con&longs;ideraret</expan> &longs;impliciter <expan abbr="qu&etilde;">quem</expan> medicus ob&longs;eruaret <lb/>quà bonam <expan abbr="valetudin&etilde;">valetudinem</expan> ip&longs;i re&longs;tituere po&longs;&longs;et, aut alius, quatenus e&longs;&longs;et compos ri&longs;us. vbi &longs;anè nulla <lb/>ambitus ratio habetur, &longs;ed notionis. idem enim homo e&longs;t qui <expan abbr="cõ&longs;ideratur">con&longs;ideratur</expan> &longs;impliciter & per <expan abbr="ead&etilde;">eadem</expan> <lb/>indiuidua funditur, atque is in quo ri&longs;us capacitas aduertitur, aut recuperatio &longs;alutis, &longs;ed <expan abbr="eiu&longs;d&etilde;">eiu&longs;dem</expan> <lb/>rei notio re&longs;tringitur acce&longs;&longs;u nouæ conditionis. Tertio dici pote&longs;t artifex vniuer&longs;alis qui rem ge­<lb/>neratim con&longs;iderat, nec ad eius &longs;pecies de&longs;cendit, vt &longs;iquis animal con&longs;ideraret, hominis, aut equi <lb/>con&longs;iderationem prætermitteret. His ita po&longs;itis facile e&longs;t di&longs;&longs;oluere problema & diluere rationes <lb/>quibus auferebatur facultas naturali philo&longs;opho di&longs;&longs;erendi de materia prima, & illam plenè co­<lb/>gno&longs;cendi. <expan abbr="quandoquid&etilde;">quandoquidem</expan> eam &longs;ic cogno&longs;cit, vt nulla methodus plura de materia di&longs;quirere po&longs;­<lb/>&longs;it, nec eius internas affectiones explicare, & &longs;iqua &longs;unt quæ intrin&longs;ecus ad eius <expan abbr="con&longs;titution&etilde;">con&longs;titutionem</expan> per­<lb/>tineant, vt relatio & habitudo ad formam & compo&longs;itum & omnino facultas, vberrime tractare <lb/>valeat. atque adeò vt ad hanc <expan abbr="tractation&etilde;">tractationem</expan> nihil adiungere liceat primo philo&longs;opho. Idem quoque <lb/>philo&longs;ophus naturalis v&longs;um & <expan abbr="mini&longs;teriũ">mini&longs;terium</expan> materiæ nouit & optimè tenet cuius gratia &longs;it in&longs;tituta <lb/>materia, & <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> beneficio cau&longs;&longs;æ mouentes ad actum qui &longs;uus e&longs;t finis, materia <arrow.to.target n="marg670"></arrow.to.target> proue­<lb/><lb/>hatur, & per formam euadat in naturam. Proinde etiam phy&longs;icus materiæ notionem re&longs;oluit in <lb/>cau&longs;&longs;as &longs;uperiores v&longs;que ad <expan abbr="&longs;ummã">&longs;ummam</expan> atque <expan abbr="omniũ">omnium</expan> <expan abbr="perfecti&longs;simã">perfecti&longs;simam</expan> quæ primus e&longs;t finis. Non &longs;ic pri­<lb/>mus philo&longs;ophus. quippe qui per externa principia melius <expan abbr="quid&etilde;">quidem</expan> norit; &longs;ed interna, vt <expan abbr="dictũ">dictum</expan> e&longs;t, <lb/>implent cognitionem quibus nihil addit præter illa quæ naturalis philo&longs;ophus indicauit, & cùm <lb/>vniuersè cogno&longs;cat, magis <expan abbr="quid&etilde;">quidem</expan> cogno&longs;cit, quia nobiliore quodam modo, & veluti architecton, <lb/>non quia tractet accuratius. accurati&longs;simè autem tractare <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> phy&longs;ici &longs;olius e&longs;t. v&longs;que ad ali­<lb/>quid planè phy&longs;icus explanat formam; quòd forma &longs;impliciter accepta aliud e&longs;&longs;e habet, quàm vt <lb/>re&longs;piciat materiam, <expan abbr="id&qacute;">idque</expan>. à philo&longs;opho naturali <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> &longs;atis explicari pote&longs;t, &longs;ed e&longs;&longs;e omnis materi&ecedil; po­<lb/>&longs;itum e&longs;t in habitudine ad formam illam quæ probè cogno&longs;citur à philo&longs;opho naturali. Sed iam <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg671"></arrow.to.target><lb/>pondus <expan abbr="&longs;ingularũ">&longs;ingularum</expan> rationum exploremus. Obijcitur primùm <expan abbr="omn&etilde;">omnem</expan> &longs;cientiam ex <expan abbr="omniũ">omnium</expan> <expan abbr="cau&longs;&longs;arũ">cau&longs;&longs;arum</expan> <lb/>cognitione pendere; <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> omnes <expan abbr="aut&etilde;">autem</expan> à phy&longs;ico no&longs;ci. Propo&longs;itio fallaciam pre&longs;efert. quippe quòd <lb/>&longs;cientia &longs;it ab&longs;oluta, vbi cau&longs;&longs;æ internæ & <expan abbr="cõ&longs;tituentes">con&longs;tituentes</expan> &longs;olum habeantur, & e&longs;to quòd velis etiam <lb/>rei propo&longs;it&ecedil; notitiam in omne genus cau&longs;&longs;arum di&longs;&longs;oluere, id quoque pr&ecedil;&longs;tat phy&longs;icus. At non <lb/>nouit planè vim externarum <expan abbr="cau&longs;&longs;arũ">cau&longs;&longs;arum</expan>, vt primus philo&longs;ophus: fateor. Sed quis e&longs;t auctor, vt ad cu­<lb/>iusque rei <expan abbr="cognition&etilde;">cognitionem</expan> in genere exacta <expan abbr="cau&longs;&longs;arũ">cau&longs;&longs;arum</expan> <expan abbr="omniũ">omnium</expan> cognitio requiratur? &longs;at e&longs;t, &longs;i optimè <arrow.to.target n="marg672"></arrow.to.target> te­<lb/><lb/>neat cau&longs;&longs;as illas, quà re&longs;piciunt rem propo&longs;itam; vt <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> phy&longs;ica nouit finem, non in &longs;e &longs;impliciter, <lb/>&longs;ed quatenus efficit motum in materia. quicquid nouit vlterius, iam non e&longs;t officium naturalis. <lb/>Atque h&ecedil;c <expan abbr="quid&etilde;">quidem</expan> verè pronunciantur. mihi <expan abbr="tñ">tnm</expan> magis arridet, quòd plena cuiusque rei &longs;cientia ex <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg673"></arrow.to.target><lb/>internarum <expan abbr="proprietatũ">proprietatum</expan> notitia ducatur. Quod dicitur. Materiam quia &longs;it pote&longs;tas, à phy&longs;ico <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb/>po&longs;&longs;e cogno&longs;ci: &longs;ic diluitur. quoniam actus & pote&longs;tas &longs;unt nomina ad vnum, & per alias res per­<lb/>tinent quam naturales, itaque ad <expan abbr="cõmuniorem">communiorem</expan> di&longs;ciplinam &longs;pectant, quàm &longs;it naturalis. Sed cùm <lb/>a&longs;&longs;umuntur in certa methodo, propria fiunt eius methodi, vt de circulo <expan abbr="dictũ">dictum</expan> e&longs;t apud grammati­<lb/>cos 1. Po&longs;t. ideò quantum e&longs;t de illorum notione quæ <expan abbr="accõmodatur">accommodatur</expan> ad phy&longs;icen, actus & pote&longs;tas <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg674"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ibi optimè cogno&longs;cuntur, & plus &longs;ine dubio, quàm prima philo&longs;ophia. <expan abbr="Cõfirmas">Confirmas</expan> etiam. quia for­<lb/>ma cogno&longs;citur magis quàm materia. Sed forma non plenè cogno&longs;citur à naturali. Re&longs;pondeo, <lb/>&longs;i forma cum materia conferatur, maiorem haberi cognitionem formæ quàm materiæ. Cæterùm <lb/>non id inquiritur nunc: &longs;ed propo&longs;ita cognitione materiæ quæritur an'ne eius cognitionem, qua­<lb/>li&longs;cunque &longs;it, plenè phy&longs;icus a&longs;&longs;equatur, an primus philo&longs;ophus. & obiectio fallaciam continet <lb/>elenchi. <expan abbr="pr&ecedil;terquã">pr&ecedil;terquam</expan> <09> materia cogno&longs;citur per <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> qu&ecedil; po&longs;ita e&longs;t in materia: h&ecedil;c verò optimè <arrow.to.target n="marg675"></arrow.to.target> co­<lb/><lb/>gno&longs;citur à phy&longs;ico. quapropter nihil ob&longs;tabit, quominus phy&longs;icus, <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> &longs;i non &longs;impliciter cogno­<lb/>&longs;cat <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, po&longs;sit <expan abbr="tñ">tnm</expan> aptè cogno&longs;cere <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, & quatenus eius <expan abbr="ingeniũ">ingenium</expan> patitur. A&longs;&longs;umit Auicenna <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg676"></arrow.to.target><lb/><expan abbr="phy&longs;icũ">phy&longs;icum</expan> e&longs;&longs;e <expan abbr="artific&etilde;">artificem</expan> <expan abbr="particular&etilde;">particularem</expan>; proinde <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> no&longs;&longs;e <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> <expan abbr="primã">primam</expan>. certè &longs;i minoris ambitus e&longs;&longs;e vo­<lb/>luit Auicenna <expan abbr="phy&longs;icũ">phy&longs;icum</expan>, <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> <expan abbr="philo&longs;ophũ">philo&longs;ophum</expan>, mea <expan abbr="quid&etilde;">quidem</expan> &longs;ententia, decipitur. vterque .n. con&longs;ide­<lb/>rat <expan abbr="id&etilde;">idem</expan> ens quod in <expan abbr="dec&etilde;">decem</expan> <expan abbr="pr&ecedil;dicam&etilde;ta">pr&ecedil;dicamenta</expan> &longs;ecatur. vterque primò &longs;ub&longs;tantiam <expan abbr="&longs;en&longs;il&etilde;">&longs;en&longs;ilem</expan> &longs;peculatur, cuius <lb/>accidentia <expan abbr="cau&longs;&longs;as&qacute;">cau&longs;&longs;asque</expan>. vult indagare. Nec <expan abbr="quicquã">quicquam</expan> aliud exprimit ens q<26> vel à primo philo&longs;opho, <lb/>vel à dialectico tractatur, <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> id quod aliqua pr&ecedil;dicamenti formula &longs;ignificatur, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> qua (vt anteà <lb/><expan abbr="dictũ">dictum</expan> e&longs;t) &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ notio &longs;emper exi&longs;tit. Nec <09> quacunque euagetur. <expan abbr="quanquã">quanquam</expan> nullus e&longs;t artifex <lb/><expan abbr="hmõi">hmoni</expan>; neque <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> dialecticus. <expan abbr="o&etilde;s">oens</expan> .n. qua&longs;i cancellis <expan abbr="quibu&longs;dã">quibu&longs;dam</expan> coërcentur, quos egredi non licet. ac <lb/>qu&ecedil;uis methodus habet <expan abbr="&longs;uã">&longs;uam</expan> <expan abbr="propriã">propriam</expan> <expan abbr="rõn&etilde;">ronnem</expan> qua munus <expan abbr="&longs;uũ">&longs;uum</expan> pr&ecedil;&longs;tet. & dialecticus illud habet, vt ex <lb/><expan abbr="cõibus">conibus</expan> progrediatur: ac ni&longs;i ita fecerit, <expan abbr="&longs;uũ">&longs;uum</expan> munus tran&longs;iliat, & vt inquit Ari&longs;t. <emph type="sup"/>a<emph.end type="sup"/> lateat <expan abbr="alterã">alteram</expan> <arrow.to.target n="marg677"></arrow.to.target> <expan abbr="&longs;ci&etilde;-tiam">&longs;cien­<lb/><lb/>tiam</expan> faciens. Itaque <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> po&longs;&longs;um <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> accu&longs;are <expan abbr="Philoponũ">Philoponum</expan> qui crediderit ob id ab Ari&longs;t. <expan abbr="pronunciatũ">pronunciatum</expan>. <lb/><emph type="sup"/>b<emph.end type="sup"/> omnes methodos <expan abbr="quarũ">quarum</expan> &longs;unt principia, cau&longs;&longs;&ecedil;, & <expan abbr="elem&etilde;ta">elementa</expan>, propter dialecticen, eo quòd cau&longs;sis, <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg678"></arrow.to.target><lb/><expan abbr="principiis&qacute;">principiisque</expan>. careret, & di&longs;&longs;erens de mathematicis a&longs;&longs;umeret principia mathematica. cùm &longs;ic de­ <pb pagenum="75"/> <arrow.to.target n="marg679"></arrow.to.target><lb/>generaret in mathematicum. & illud ab Ari&longs;totele pr&ecedil;ceptum &longs;it dialecticum efficere quod vult <lb/>ex principiis <expan abbr="cõmunibus">communibus</expan> & per accidens. <emph type="sup"/>a<emph.end type="sup"/> Quin eius methodi & artis &longs;unt principia <04>pria qu&ecedil; <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg680"></arrow.to.target><lb/>non &longs;unt alterius. vt finis eius facultatis & loca quibus vtitur di&longs;&longs;erendo. Proinde &longs;i methodi li­<lb/>mites &longs;pectetur, omnes habent quod &longs;uum e&longs;t cuiu&longs;que <04>prium, <expan abbr="cõmunitas">communitas</expan> in dialectico &longs;ophi­<lb/>&longs;ta, & rhetore comperitur, quoad omnia, &longs;ed tamen certo quodammodò &longs;ibi vendicant. Re&longs;tat <lb/>igitur vt primus philo&longs;ophus &longs;it vniuer&longs;alis, quia &longs;impliciter id &longs;pectet quod aliæ &longs;cienti&ecedil; <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> ali­<lb/>qua conditione con&longs;iderant, vt ens, cùm phy&longs;ica tractet idem ens, &longs;ed quatenus e&longs;t naturale, aut <lb/>vltimò, quia rerum genera <expan abbr="notiones&qacute;">notionesque</expan>. <expan abbr="cõmunes">communes</expan> inquirat. & hi&longs;ce modis primus philo&longs;ophus e&longs;t <lb/>artifex vniuer&longs;alis. Sed quia nil vetat, quominus <expan abbr="eiu&longs;d&etilde;">eiu&longs;dem</expan> ambitus &longs;it philo&longs;ophus naturalis: non <lb/>tollit etiam id, quin <04>pter ambitum &longs;uum po&longs;sit tractare materiam primam; pr&ecedil;&longs;ertim cum ali­<lb/>qu&ecedil; res naturales ex materia prima con&longs;tent, & forma. Verùm quidem e&longs;&longs;et id quod a&longs;&longs;ump&longs;it <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg681"></arrow.to.target><lb/>Auicenna, &longs;i ita &longs;e haberet phy&longs;icus ad <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> philo&longs;ophum vt &longs;pecies ad genus, &longs;ed non e&longs;t ita. <lb/>Incidit quinta <expan abbr="rõ">rom</expan> in errorem <expan abbr="cõem">conem</expan>, quòd id quod in aliqua &longs;cientia tractatur, præ&longs;ertim &longs;i fuerit <lb/>&longs;implex, obnoxium &longs;it <expan abbr="demõ&longs;trationi">demon&longs;trationi</expan>, cùm ad <expan abbr="&longs;ummũ">&longs;ummum</expan> &longs;it obnoxium illi progre&longs;&longs;ui, cum quo &longs;ola <lb/>nece&longs;sitas iuncta e&longs;t, qu&ecedil; plus patet, <expan abbr="&qtilde;">quae</expan> &longs;yllogi&longs;mus. <emph type="sup"/>b<emph.end type="sup"/> Nam frequentius ex re&longs;olutione <expan abbr="note&longs;cũt">note&longs;cunt</expan>, <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg682"></arrow.to.target><lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg683"></arrow.to.target><lb/>aut admonitione per&longs;uadentur. Prima verò <expan abbr="philo&longs;ophiã">philo&longs;ophiam</expan> maximè cogno&longs;cere dicimus, quia <arrow.to.target n="marg684"></arrow.to.target> no­<lb/><lb/>biliore modo cogno&longs;cat, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> quia <expan abbr="r&etilde;">rem</expan> accuratius inquirat: hoc <expan abbr="aũt">aunt</expan> modo <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> negamus ab ip&longs;a <expan abbr="ma-teriã">ma­<lb/>teriam</expan> cogno&longs;ci magis <expan abbr="&qtilde;">quae</expan> à phy&longs;ica, &longs;ed per interna in quibus exqui&longs;ita <expan abbr="&longs;ci&etilde;tia">&longs;cientia</expan> <expan abbr="cõ&longs;i&longs;tit">con&longs;i&longs;tit</expan>, multò magis <lb/><expan abbr="ipsã">ipsam</expan> à phy&longs;ico <expan abbr="&qtilde;">quae</expan> à primo philo&longs;opho no&longs;ci putamus & multò plura de illa in methodo naturali <lb/>tractata fui&longs;&longs;e dicimus, <expan abbr="&qtilde;">quae</expan> in prima philo&longs;ophia. Ni&longs;i fortè, quia primo philo&longs;opho &longs;upponitur <lb/>cognitio naturalis; ip&longs;um aliquid vlterius <expan abbr="&qtilde;">quae</expan> naturalem cogno&longs;cere fateamur. attamen neque id <lb/>prehibebit, quo minus &longs;i <expan abbr="vtriu&longs;q.">vtriu&longs;que</expan> munera &longs;eparentur plus <expan abbr="magis&qacute;">magisque</expan>. no&longs;cat de materia naturalis <expan abbr="&qtilde;">quae</expan> <lb/>primus philo&longs;ophus. Nam totum id quod &longs;upponit primo philo&longs;opho, proprium e&longs;t naturalis.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg666"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg667"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg668"></margin.target>b 1. Phy&longs;. <lb/>T. 1.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg669"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg670"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg671"></margin.target>Ad I.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg672"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg673"></margin.target>Ad II.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg674"></margin.target>Ad III.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg675"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg676"></margin.target>Ad IIII.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg677"></margin.target>a 1. Rhet.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg678"></margin.target>b 1. Phy&longs;. <lb/>T. 1.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg679"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg680"></margin.target>a 1. Elen. <lb/>c. 8.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg681"></margin.target>Ad V.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg682"></margin.target>b 1. Prior.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg683"></margin.target>Ad VI.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg684"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Vtrùm form&ecedil; naturales, &longs;i non re, at cogitatione &longs;eparentur à materia, nec'ne. Cap. XVII<emph.end type="italics"/>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>ACCEPIMVS antè ea quæ mouendo mouentur, e&longs;&longs;e phy&longs;ic&ecedil; contemplationis. hæc verò <lb/>&longs;ic in materia &longs;unt, vt quem admodum vulgò dici &longs;olet, con&longs;tituant <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, & ip&longs;i referant <lb/><expan abbr="acceptũ">acceptum</expan> quòd &longs;int. Itaque tale formarum genus à materia nunquam diuellitur, atque illa <expan abbr="quid&etilde;">quidem</expan> <lb/>&longs;en&longs;ili. Videbatur <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> monere nos Ari&longs;toteles, nec mentem quidem habere vim eas à materia &longs;e­<lb/>parandi. Verumenimuerò Philoponus, vt perpetuus ho&longs;tis Ari&longs;totelis, etiam rationibus & repu­<lb/>gnantiis oppugnare conatur hoc decretum. Nequid igitur pr&ecedil;termittamus, <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan> in nobis e&longs;t <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg685"></arrow.to.target><lb/>quod valeat ad <expan abbr="purgãdum">purgandum</expan> Ari&longs;totelem; libet item in hoc primo aditu methodi naturalis, huiu&longs;­<lb/>modi placitum <expan abbr="perp&etilde;dere">perpendere</expan> diligenter. H&ecedil;c opponit Philoponus quibus conuellat <expan abbr="&longs;ententiã">&longs;ententiam</expan> Ari&longs;t. <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg686"></arrow.to.target><lb/>Primùm quidem quia <expan abbr="m&etilde;s">mens</expan> aliam materi&ecedil; notionem habet, aliam form&ecedil;: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> aliud e&longs;&longs;e <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg687"></arrow.to.target><lb/>nouit à forma. Quinetiam di&longs;tinguitur ab Ari&longs;t. &longs;ub&longs;tantia in tria <expan abbr="m&etilde;bra">membra</expan> qu&ecedil; nonmodò viribus <lb/>&longs;ed natura & e&longs;&longs;entia &longs;eparari po&longs;&longs;unt, materiam nimirùm, formam, & <expan abbr="cõpo&longs;itum">compo&longs;itum</expan>. Quòd &longs;i tria <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg688"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;ecum <expan abbr="differ&etilde;tia">differentia</expan> &longs;unt: profectò forma citra <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> concipi valebit. Adde etiam quòd ea nomi­<lb/>num pote&longs;tas e&longs;t, vt primum &longs;ignificent formam, mox compo&longs;itum; po&longs;tremò <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>. in primo <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg689"></arrow.to.target><lb/>igitur temporis puncto, quo mens audit & concipit ex nomine formam, non <expan abbr="cõpo&longs;itum">compo&longs;itum</expan>, aut <expan abbr="ma-teriã">ma­<lb/>teriam</expan>, haud negari <expan abbr="põt">pont</expan>, quin &longs;ola forma <expan abbr="cõprehendatur">comprehendatur</expan> à mente, & igitur vt à materia &longs;eiuncta. <lb/>Rur&longs;us re&longs;tatur Ari&longs;t. è formis naturalib. <expan abbr="qua&longs;dã">qua&longs;dam</expan> &longs;eparari po&longs;&longs;e. <emph type="sup"/>c<emph.end type="sup"/> Sed quid eas cogitatione &longs;ola <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg690"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;eparari profitebimur, cùm etiam reip&longs;a &longs;eparari queant? Nanque materia <expan abbr="man&etilde;s">manens</expan> eadem, modò <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg691"></arrow.to.target><lb/>has, modò illas formas accipit. Rur&longs;us facit Ari&longs;t. <expan abbr="oĩum">oinum</expan> formarum <expan abbr="&longs;ubiectũ">&longs;ubiectum</expan> materiam, &longs;iue inter­<lb/>uallum expers <expan abbr="oĩum">oinum</expan> <expan abbr="qualitatũ">qualitatum</expan>, &longs;iue ad <expan abbr="&longs;ub&longs;tantiã">&longs;ub&longs;tantiam</expan>, &longs;iue ad accidentia referantur. Verùm quid nos <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg692"></arrow.to.target><lb/>certius optamus quàm quòd prius à po&longs;teriore nonmodò cogitatione, &longs;ed <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> re &longs;eparari <expan abbr="põt">pont</expan>. <lb/>Cùm igitur forma prior &longs;it quàm materia, ab ip&longs;a quoque &longs;eparabitur. Quapropter docet Ari&longs;t. <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg693"></arrow.to.target><lb/>rationem <emph type="sup"/>d<emph.end type="sup"/> qua form&ecedil; naturales &longs;ine materia concipiuntur; <expan abbr="ea&longs;&qacute;">ea&longs;que</expan>. verè formas e&longs;&longs;e a&longs;&longs;euerat qu&ecedil; <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg694"></arrow.to.target><lb/>à materia &longs;en&longs;ili &longs;euocantur. <emph type="sup"/>e<emph.end type="sup"/> At verò &longs;ic di&longs;tinguitur &longs;cientia naturalis à c&ecedil;teris, quòd &longs;e&longs;e <arrow.to.target n="marg695"></arrow.to.target> appli­<lb/><lb/>cat ad motum, & principia con&longs;iderat eius &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ in qua motus initia continentur, & quod­<lb/>cunque ip&longs;a concipit, re&longs;picit materiam, &longs;eu po&longs;itiuè, quia &longs;cilicet ortum ex materia ducat, &longs;eu <lb/>priuatiuè, quia per priuationem motus à nobis concipiatur, vel quòd habeant omnino <expan abbr="quandã">quandam</expan> <lb/>affiinatem cum motu, vt &longs;i <expan abbr="efficiãt">efficiant</expan> motum. Itaque definitiones naturales &longs;ine motu & materia <lb/>non a&longs;signantur; ac &longs;iquando materiam non comprehendant &longs;iue ob&longs;curè, &longs;eu per&longs;picuè; vanæ <lb/>perhibentur & imperfectæ. Sed &longs;it hoc huius methodi officium, quia determinetur eo, quòd id <lb/>quod ab ip&longs;a <expan abbr="cõ&longs;idera&ttilde;">con&longs;ideratur</expan>, &longs;emper a&longs;piciat <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>: de mentis vi di&longs;&longs;eramus: <expan abbr="nonnunquã">nonnunquam</expan>.n. mens id <lb/>&longs;egregat à materia, quod <expan abbr="tñ">tnm</expan> natura po&longs;uit in materia, quemadmodum apparet in mathematicis. <lb/>Nam magnitudo e&longs;t in materia, &longs;ine ip&longs;a tamen cogitatur. Iam illud nobis placere audi&longs;ti <expan abbr="ment&etilde;">mentem</expan> <lb/>non immutare rerum e&longs;&longs;entias: pendet enim à rebus obiectis, & prout ip&longs;&ecedil; &longs;unt, ita <expan abbr="concipiãtur">concipiantur</expan> <pb pagenum="76"/>quoque nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t. Si igitur aliquorum e&longs;&longs;entia <expan abbr="cõtinet">continet</expan> <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>; neque mens illam à materia <arrow.to.target n="marg696"></arrow.to.target> &longs;e­<lb/><lb/>parabit: aliter id quod non e&longs;t, <expan abbr="concipere&ttilde;">conciperetur</expan>, & fal&longs;itas in termino &longs;implici extaret: e&longs;t .n. e&longs;&longs;entia <lb/>materi&ecedil; adnexa, ea tamen no&longs;citur, vt extra <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>. Et quanuis ad terminos &longs;implices ignoratio <lb/>pertineat, <emph type="sup"/>a<emph.end type="sup"/> quia <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> &longs;int indiuidui, vel pror&longs;us attinguntur, vel penitus <expan abbr="ignorãtur">ignorantur</expan>; in hac notione <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg697"></arrow.to.target><lb/>fal&longs;itas inerit, quòd partim res ip&longs;a attingetur, partim ignorabitur: attingetur &longs;anè, dum <expan abbr="e&longs;s&etilde;tia">e&longs;sentia</expan> <lb/>comprehenditur, ignorabitur <expan abbr="aũt">aunt</expan>, quòd e&longs;&longs;entia <expan abbr="cõcipietur">concipietur</expan> aliter àc &longs;it. Sed eius ignoratio quod <lb/>ab&longs;trahere vocatur, in cau&longs;&longs;a e&longs;t <expan abbr="oĩs">oins</expan> erroris: neque .n. ille qui ab&longs;trahit, ita &longs;eparat, quia cogitet <lb/>rem aliter <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ip&longs;a &longs;it; &longs;ed con&longs;eruat e&longs;&longs;entiam & rei naturam vt &longs;e habet, non cogitat de oppo&longs;i­<lb/>to; non accipit ac &longs;i hoc &longs;ine illo &longs;it, &longs;ed quod e&longs;t in illo, accipiens <expan abbr="cõ&longs;iderat">con&longs;iderat</expan> id quod ine&longs;t; <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan>, <lb/>in quo ine&longs;t, omittit; non enunciat hoc <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> e&longs;&longs;e in hoc: nam &longs;ic &longs;implex <expan abbr="cõprehen&longs;io">comprehen&longs;io</expan> non e&longs;&longs;et, & <lb/>includeret fal&longs;itatem: verùm videt hoc in illo e&longs;&longs;e, & <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> concipit primùm; partes facit qu&ecedil; ne­<lb/>ce&longs;&longs;ariò vinculo iunct&ecedil; &longs;unt, & eas ita iunctas intelligit, &longs;ed <expan abbr="alterã">alteram</expan> partem &longs;e conuertit, quam & &longs;i <lb/>&longs;ine materiaa con&longs;iderat; non idcirco &longs;ine materiaa concipit. Con&longs;iderare .n. e&longs;t <expan abbr="cont&etilde;plari">contemplari</expan> naturam, <lb/>& <04>cedere à confu&longs;o ad <expan abbr="di&longs;tinctũ">di&longs;tinctum</expan>; concipere e&longs;t &longs;olummodò informari, &longs;iue in prima & confu&longs;a <lb/>notitia, &longs;eu cùm <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> di&longs;tinctè nouimus, & notionibus di&longs;tinctis informamur. Ecce <expan abbr="nũc">nunc</expan> tibi <expan abbr="domi-nũ">domi­<lb/>num</expan>; quis <expan abbr="eũ">eum</expan> concipiet &longs;ine &longs;eruo? vna e&longs;t <expan abbr="vtriu&longs;q.">vtriu&longs;que</expan> <expan abbr="cõprehen&longs;io">comprehen&longs;io</expan>; <expan abbr="dominũ">dominum</expan> tamen con&longs;idero <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> con­<lb/>&longs;iderato &longs;eruo, ide&longs;t <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> domini exploro, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> &longs;erui, <expan abbr="qu&etilde;">quem</expan> tamen &longs;ine &longs;eruo non concipio <04>pter <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg698"></arrow.to.target><lb/><expan abbr="nece&longs;&longs;ariã">nece&longs;&longs;ariam</expan> <expan abbr="habitudin&etilde;">habitudinem</expan> quæ inter illos intercedit. alia e&longs;t <expan abbr="vtriu&longs;q.">vtriu&longs;que</expan> <expan abbr="e&longs;s&etilde;tia">e&longs;sentia</expan> & ratio, &longs;ed ade&longs;t penden­<lb/>tia mutua; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illa <expan abbr="quid&etilde;">quidem</expan> quæ re&longs;piciat e&longs;&longs;entiam; <04>pter hanc <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> &longs;ine materiao <expan abbr="neutiquã">neutiquam</expan> concipi <lb/><expan abbr="põt">pont</expan>; &longs;ed <04>pter variam <expan abbr="vtriu&longs;q.">vtriu&longs;que</expan> rationem vnum &longs;ine materiao con&longs;iderare licet; hoc non illud con­<lb/>templor, & &longs;i non &longs;ine illo cogno&longs;co. &longs;ic ab&longs;trahendo non dico <expan abbr="mendaciũ">mendacium</expan>, quia &longs;implex appre­<lb/>hendo (huius .n. notio &longs;implex e&longs;t, cùm de huius domino cogito) vniuer&longs;am rei <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> <expan abbr="cõcipio">concipio</expan>; <lb/>quod ad hoc pertinet, &longs;eor&longs;um contemplor, quod &longs;cilicet illius e&longs;t <04>prium, & in hoc munere &longs;ic <lb/>affectus &longs;um, vt <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> etiam ignorantiæ redargui po&longs;sim, quòd rem aliter intelligam, àc &longs;it. quin <lb/>&longs;i <expan abbr="illorũ">illorum</expan> e&longs;&longs;entias &longs;eor&longs;um &longs;umà. non quòd exi&longs;tant, &longs;ed ratione &longs;olas animaduertam, quod vulgò <lb/>dici &longs;olet formaliter; &longs;ic ob&longs;eruabo &longs;eparatas; vt altera, tamet&longs;i manet &longs;imul & indi&longs;&longs;olubiliter; <lb/>nihilominus de altera negari po&longs;sit: hac .n. ratione licet dicere <expan abbr="homin&etilde;">hominem</expan> non e&longs;&longs;e animal, quod hu­<lb/>ius ratio non e&longs;t ratio alterius; quanuis huius ratio &longs;ine materiaius ratione non <expan abbr="cõ&longs;i&longs;tat">con&longs;i&longs;tat</expan>, & ita licet <lb/>dicere accidens non e&longs;&longs;e &longs;ub&longs;tantiam, & dominum non e&longs;&longs;e &longs;eruum, <expan abbr="quan&qtilde;">quanquae</expan> accidens e&longs;t aliquid <lb/>&longs;ub&longs;tantiæ, & dominus &longs;erui dominus, quod genus ab&longs;tractionis, quia negatione exprimi pote&longs;t, <lb/>non &longs;ine cau&longs;&longs;a <expan abbr="cõplexum">complexum</expan> vocabimus. Itaque <expan abbr="cõmunius">communius</expan> e&longs;t concipere <expan abbr="&qtilde;">quae</expan> ab&longs;trahere & con&longs;ide­<lb/>rate, &longs;iquidem concipere &longs;it rerum formas accipere, vel vt re ip&longs;a per &longs;en&longs;us offeruntur, vel vt <arrow.to.target n="marg699"></arrow.to.target> e&longs;­<lb/><lb/>&longs;entiæ à materia &longs;egregatæ & e&longs;t officium mentis patibilis; con&longs;iderare & ab&longs;trahere e&longs;t &longs;epara­<lb/>te conceptas, & pertinet ad <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> mentem qu&ecedil; vocatur agens. aut e&longs;t &longs;altem in actu, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> conceptæ <lb/>omnes formæ &longs;eparantur, vt &longs;imitas, &longs;ed planè &longs;eparatas anteà conceptas fui&longs;&longs;e nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t: conci­<lb/>pere <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> mentis e&longs;t rudis, ab&longs;trahere fœcund&ecedil;: concipere pendet ex obiectis; ab&longs;trahere de&longs;cen­<lb/>dit à mente; tamet&longs;i <09> ab&longs;trahi queat, inh&ecedil;ret in rei natura. e&longs;t .n. res mathematica talis, vt ad <expan abbr="cer-tã">cer­<lb/>tam</expan> materiam &longs;e non applicet & form&ecedil; ex &longs;eip&longs;is habent, vt & inter &longs;e & ab altis rebus &longs;eiugentur, <lb/>&longs;ed ab&longs;trahendi actus e&longs;t ex mente & ad obiecta ip&longs;a procedit. <expan abbr="cõcipitur">concipitur</expan> totum, re&longs;oluitur in par­<lb/>tes ab&longs;trahendo: conceptui confu&longs;o &longs;uccedit ab&longs;tractio, eadem conceptui di&longs;tinctio præcedit. <lb/>Quoniam verò triplex e&longs;t ab&longs;tractio, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> docuimus olim, & ea cuius ope concipitur <lb/>vniuer&longs;ale confu&longs;um, & vbi <expan abbr="conceptũ">conceptum</expan> cùm &longs;en&longs;ilis materiæ &longs;imulachtis ab ip&longs;is ab&longs;oluitur, vel <lb/>vt &longs;en&longs;ilis e&longs;t, vt mathematici faciunt, vel &longs;impliciter, quod præ&longs;tat primus philo&longs;ophus: de po­<lb/>&longs;tremis agitur in pr&ecedil;&longs;entia, quæ &longs;unt <04>pria mentis <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> alioquin illa &longs;it naturæ: etenim ex vi <expan abbr="for-marũ">for­<lb/>marum</expan> e&longs;t, vt hoc modo moueant &longs;en&longs;us, illo verò <expan abbr="ment&etilde;">mentem</expan>, ad <expan abbr="obeũdas">obeundas</expan> c&ecedil;teras ab&longs;tractiones opera <lb/>mentis requiritur: <expan abbr="quan&qtilde;">quanquae</expan> nec mens per &longs;eip&longs;am &longs;ufficit: nam flagitat <expan abbr="mini&longs;teriũ">mini&longs;terium</expan> naturæ: vt mox <lb/>indicabimus: proinde efficitur, vt quot modis res ip&longs;&ecedil; di&longs;tinguantur, totidem ab&longs;tractio fiat. & <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg700"></arrow.to.target><lb/>prima di&longs;tinctio in eo quòd &longs;unt: E&longs;&longs;e verò duplex e&longs;t, vel exi&longs;tere, vel id quod indicat <expan abbr="e&longs;&longs;entiã">e&longs;&longs;entiam</expan>. <lb/>quod ad <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> pertinet, ea &longs;eor&longs;um con&longs;iderantur quæ &longs;ubiecto di&longs;cernuntur, tum <expan abbr="it&etilde;">item</expan> quæ re, vt <lb/><expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> diuer&longs;a &longs;unt genera, veluti <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan> & quale. E&longs;&longs;entia <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> <expan abbr="rõ">rom</expan> explicans quid e&longs;t, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> e&longs;t <lb/><expan abbr="ead&etilde;">eadem</expan>, vel &longs;impliciter, vt <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> qu&ecedil; dialectici di&longs;perata <expan abbr="vocãt">vocant</expan>, vel formaliter, vt <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> e&longs;&longs;e vnius non <lb/>&longs;it <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> e&longs;&longs;e alterius, vel <expan abbr="&etilde;t">ent</expan> <expan abbr="rõne">ronne</expan>, quia &longs;int indifferentia, vt <expan abbr="cõmunia">communia</expan> ad vnum. Ex his illa qu&ecedil; <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan> <lb/>natura priora, & <expan abbr="ab&longs;trahũtur">ab&longs;trahuntur</expan>, & <expan abbr="cõcipiuntur">concipiuntur</expan> &longs;ine po&longs;terioribus: qu&ecedil; vero po&longs;teriora <expan abbr="ab&longs;trahun&ttilde;">ab&longs;trahuntur</expan> <lb/>&longs;anè, &longs;ed concipi nequeunt &longs;ine illis. Ergo elementa extra <expan abbr="mixturã">mixturam</expan> cogitantur, & &longs;ine po&longs;te <lb/>&longs;ub&longs;tantia, & <expan abbr="albũ">album</expan> &longs;ine mu&longs;ico & cygno, & cygnus &longs;ine albedine, vt vbi <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> oppo&longs;ita nigredine <expan abbr="cõ-cipitur">con­<lb/>cipitur</expan>, etenim nihil prohibet illi concedi <expan abbr="quodcunq.">quodcunque</expan> cum eo <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> implicet <expan abbr="repugnantiã">repugnantiam</expan>, <expan abbr="veritat&etilde;">veritatem</expan> <lb/><expan abbr="logicã">logicam</expan> vocant. Ita Deus &longs;ine c&ecedil;teris à mente quæ &longs;u&longs;tineat <expan abbr="illũ">illum</expan> <expan abbr="&longs;plendor&etilde;">&longs;plendorem</expan> & <expan abbr="cõcipi">concipi</expan>, & <expan abbr="cõ&longs;iderari">con&longs;iderari</expan> <lb/><expan abbr="põt">pont</expan>, non &longs;ic homo &longs;ine animali. Nam Deus nulli refert <expan abbr="acceptũ">acceptum</expan>, <09> &longs;it rationis <expan abbr="cõpos">compos</expan>, continet ani­<lb/>mal <expan abbr="e&longs;s&etilde;tiæ">e&longs;sentiæ</expan> <expan abbr="part&etilde;">partem</expan>: huic &longs;imilis e&longs;t materiæ <expan abbr="form&ecedil;&qacute;">form&ecedil;que</expan>. <expan abbr="rõ">rom</expan>, vt mox docebimus. Quibus &longs;ic &longs;tantibus <pb pagenum="77"/> <arrow.to.target n="marg701"></arrow.to.target><lb/>hoc etiam maneat <expan abbr="firmũ">firmum</expan>. Cùm aliud &longs;it concipi ab eo quod e&longs;t con&longs;iderari; vt negamus po&longs;terius <lb/>&longs;ine po&longs; concipi, &longs;ic damus &longs;ine po&longs; con&longs;iderari. Nec me latet à nonnullis concedi po&longs;terius <lb/>&longs;ine po&longs; concipi po&longs;&longs;e, in notitia confu&longs;a. noui .n. <expan abbr="homin&etilde;">hominem</expan>, ignoro tamen &longs;it'ne animal rationis <lb/>compos. Cæterùm quia &longs;unt idem homo & animal rationis compos; mihi videtur is qui <expan abbr="homin&etilde;">hominem</expan> <lb/>confusè nouit, etiam <expan abbr="cõfusè">confusè</expan> no&longs;&longs;e animal rationis compos. cuius rei <expan abbr="&longs;ignũ">&longs;ignum</expan>, quòd ille qui nouit <expan abbr="ho-min&etilde;">ho­<lb/>minem</expan> confusè, non audebit negare ip&longs;um animal e&longs;&longs;e: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> in ea notitia quamuis rudi, concipiet <lb/>aut enuntiabit <expan abbr="homin&etilde;">hominem</expan> non e&longs;&longs;e animal, quod &longs;anè facere po&longs;&longs;et, &longs;i in ea notitia hominis notio ab <lb/>animalis notione non penderet: idem .n. foret àc &longs;i per accidens coniuncta e&longs;&longs;ent in quibus non <lb/>repugnat oppo&longs;itum, veluti de cygno & nigro dictum fuit. quòd &longs;i nouit mens inferri repugnan­<lb/>tiam, vbi animal hominem non e&longs;&longs;e cogiter, iam hominem &longs;ub animalis notione comprehendit. <lb/>Ex his Philoponi rationes facilè diluuntur. Nam tres illæ primæ confundunt id quod e&longs;t conci­<lb/>pere, cum eo quod e&longs;t ab&longs;trahere. Tùm deinde ab&longs;tractio illa eorum e&longs;t, vt formaliter accipiun­<lb/>tur, in iis verò nihil ob&longs;tat, quominus alterum &longs;ine materiao concipi nequeat. At verò locus 2. Phy&longs;. <lb/>non magis &longs;tat à Philopono quàm à nobis, nam variis legitur modis & diuer&longs;as interpretationes <lb/>admittit. Docet enim ibi Ari&longs;toteles phy&longs;ici munus e&longs;&longs;e &longs;pectare formam non &longs;impliciter; &longs;ed <lb/>quatenus refertur ad materiam. itaque formæ quæ ad materiam &longs;e&longs;e applicarunt, vt in illa &longs;int <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg702"></arrow.to.target><lb/>immer&longs;æ, &longs;unt phy&longs;icæ con&longs;iderationis. & addit & illæ quæ &longs;unt <foreign lang="greek">xwz/is a\ me\n ei)/dei, e)n u/lhde\</foreign>, <lb/>quæ verba &longs;unt valde ambigua. &longs;iquidem &longs;u&longs;picio &longs;ub&longs;it de lectione, an'ne <foreign lang="greek">e)i\dei</foreign>, quod e&longs;t &longs;pecie <lb/>& forma, ide&longs;t ratione legendum &longs;it quibus &longs;ignificatur modus &longs;epararionis. an <foreign lang="greek">ei)/dh</foreign> ide&longs;t &longs;pecies <lb/>& formæ quibus &longs;ignificantur formæ, quæ &longs;eparari po&longs;&longs;unt, ac &longs;i priorem lectionem recipiamus, <lb/>duplex interpretatio &longs;uccurrat. prima quidem, quòd hæc &longs;it ratio generalis con&longs;iderandi formas <lb/>apud philo&longs;ophum naturalem. quòd illæ &longs;pectentur quæ ratione quidem &longs;eparantur; reap&longs;e ve­<lb/>rò re&longs;ident in materia. Sed tunc exoritur difficultas, quid intelligendum &longs;it, cùm dicitur &longs;eparari <lb/>ratione. po&longs;sint'ne formæ naturales &longs;ine materia cogitari: quod tamen &longs;uperius confutatum fue­<lb/>rat. <emph type="sup"/>a<emph.end type="sup"/> An potius dictum id &longs;it, proptereà quòd priore lib. Phy&longs;. o&longs;ten&longs;um fuerit <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> & <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg703"></arrow.to.target><lb/>ratione differre. Tùm verò nil vetat, quin forma &longs;ine materia concipi non po&longs;sit: quandò e&longs;t ea <lb/>notio formalis qua natura quidem alia &longs;ignificatur, non tollitur verò pendentia. & ita nihil face­<lb/>ret locus ille contra nos. An hoc animaduer&longs;um fuerit propter Pythagoram & alios qui rerum <lb/>naturalium principia fecerint numeros & magnitudines quæ omnia ab illis extra materiam po­<lb/>&longs;ita fuerunt. Itaque moneat Ari&longs;toteles Phy&longs;icen illas formas tractare quæ ratione quidem &longs;ola <lb/>&longs;eparantur à materia, re verò re&longs;ident in ip&longs;a, non illas quæ &longs;unt extra materiam. Aut etiam hæc <lb/>verba ab Ari&longs;totele ad&longs;cripta fuerint, vt doceat <expan abbr="it&etilde;">item</expan> formas mathematicas à naturali perquiri, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg704"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;anè vt ratione &longs;eparantur, &longs;ed quatenus inh&ecedil;rent in materia. Po&longs;&longs;umus & <foreign lang="greek">ei)/dh</foreign>, ide&longs;t, formas ac­<lb/>cipere. & ita videbitur Ari&longs;toteles deducere phy&longs;icam methodum ad <expan abbr="&longs;ub&longs;tãtias">&longs;ub&longs;tantias</expan> verè &longs;eparabiles <lb/>quas explorat primus philo&longs;ophus, & adnotare quatenus ad phy&longs;icum pertineant, quatenus &longs;ci­<lb/>licet &longs;unt in materia: non idcirco, quia &longs;int formæ materiat&ecedil;; &longs;ed quòd exercent &longs;ua munera in <lb/>materia: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> adeò, vt in materia &longs;ic e&longs;&longs;e dicantur, &longs;icut dictum e&longs;t de Dei O. M. &longs;ede <emph type="sup"/>b<emph.end type="sup"/> quam <arrow.to.target n="marg705"></arrow.to.target> <expan abbr="cõ-&longs;tituit">con­<lb/><lb/>&longs;tituit</expan> illi Ari&longs;toteles in dextris c&ecedil;li, quòd ibi maximè vigeant eius vites. eodem modo dicantur <lb/>illæ formæ in materia, quòd earum vires &longs;e&longs;e prodant in materia, qua&longs;i dicat Ari&longs;toteles <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> &longs;e­<lb/>parata pertinere ad phy&longs;icum, quatenus tamen materiam re&longs;piciunt, & i&longs;ta interpr&ecedil;tatio mihi <lb/>magis arridet: quoniam &longs;ubiicit Ari&longs;toteles exemplum formæ cuiu&longs;dam quæ &longs;eparata e&longs;t à ma­<lb/>teria quam afficit & immutat, &longs;olis nimirum quo &longs;ub&longs;tantia &longs;eparata notatur. Neque .n. immo­<lb/>bilis illa & indiuidua tum notuerat. Nam quamuis Deus omnium auctor ab Empedocle prædi­<lb/>caretur illis carminibus quibus ex ip&longs;o omnia deriuari te&longs;tatur.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg685"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg686"></margin.target>Ratio I.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg687"></margin.target>II.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg688"></margin.target>III.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg689"></margin.target>IIII.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg690"></margin.target>c 2. Phy&longs;. <lb/>T. 26.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg691"></margin.target>V.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg692"></margin.target>VI.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg693"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg694"></margin.target>d 3. De An.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg695"></margin.target>e 7. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg696"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg697"></margin.target>a 9. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg698"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg699"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg700"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg701"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg702"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg703"></margin.target>a 2. Phy&longs;. <lb/>T. 18.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg704"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg705"></margin.target>b 8. Phy&longs;. <lb/>T. 81.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><foreign lang="greek">*ga/nq) o(sa teh)_n, o(sa te e)si\n, h)d) o(sage e)sai o)pisw</foreign></s></p> <p type="main"> <s><foreign lang="greek">*de/ndza/te, bebla/shke kai\ a)ne/zes, h)de/ gunai/kes</foreign></s></p> <p type="main"> <s><foreign lang="greek">*qh_zes t) o)iwnoi\te kou\ u)daztor ze mmones i)xqu)s</foreign>.<lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg706"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg706"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Ari&longs;toteles ip&longs;e (vt videbimus) ex eo <expan abbr="tãquam">tanquam</expan> fine h&ecedil;c omnia deriuari putat c&ecedil;lum; aut &longs;olem, <lb/>horum omnium reputat auctorem velut efficiens. Sed <expan abbr="quocunq.">quocunque</expan> modo hunc locum interpre­<lb/>temur, nihil officit nobis ita credentibus, form&ecedil; <expan abbr="notion&etilde;">notionem</expan> à materiæ notione non &longs;eiungi. Ea verò <lb/>quæ quinto loco &longs;ubiiciuntur; &longs;olùm per&longs;uadent rationis &longs;eparationem quæ non detrahit de no­<lb/>tione materi&ecedil;. & materiam potius, quàm formam &longs;eparari po&longs;&longs;e conuincunt. Ad illud <expan abbr="aut&etilde;">autem</expan> quod <lb/>vltimò opponitur. formam <expan abbr="natural&etilde;">naturalem</expan> à &longs;en&longs;ili materia &longs;egregari, dum pul&longs;at <expan abbr="ment&etilde;">mentem</expan>, <expan abbr="eam&qacute;">eamque</expan>. verè & <lb/>propriè formam e&longs;&longs;e, vbi di&longs;iuncta &longs;it à materia &longs;en&longs;ili. Primùm re&longs;pondemus materiam &longs;en&longs;ilem <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e vniuer&longs;alem & &longs;ingularem. Porrò &longs;ingularem e&longs;&longs;e forma po&longs;teriorem non modò natura, <lb/>&longs;ed origine, &longs;impliciter enim forma prior e&longs;t, quàm materia, vniuer&longs;alem verò priorem; quip­<lb/>pe partem e&longs;&longs;entiæ. Ac verè tùm formam e&longs;&longs;e dicimus, vbi &longs;ecreta fuerit à materia &longs;ingulari; <lb/>ab altera verò neque re, neque cogitatione &longs;eiungi, & tùm intelligi po&longs;&longs;e, cùm &longs;eparata fuerit <lb/>à &longs;ingulari: ac tùm verè formam e&longs;&longs;e, quòd in &longs;ingulari non &longs;it forma, &longs;ed compo&longs;itum. <pb pagenum="78"/>quanquàm reip&longs;a forma &longs;emper exi&longs;tit in materia &longs;ingulari: &longs;ed hoc mentis officium e&longs;t, ip&longs;am </s></p> <p type="main"> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg707"></arrow.to.target><lb/>à &longs;ingulari ab&longs;trahere, hoc e&longs;t, &longs;ine &longs;ingulari materia con&longs;iderare. proptereà talis forma in mente <lb/>ponitur ab Ari&longs;totele. Dico verò &longs;ic con&longs;iderari formam naturalem; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> moneo, talem con&longs;ide­<lb/>rationem adhuc e&longs;&longs;e naturalem, quòd includat materiam &longs;en&longs;ilem, non ignarus etiam &longs;ine mate­<lb/>ria &longs;en&longs;ili &longs;pectari po&longs;&longs;e formas naturales aliis duobus modis, qui non &longs;unt naturales, altero <expan abbr="qui-d&etilde;">qui­<lb/>dem</expan> vniuer&longs;ali quo forma naturalis generatim con&longs;ideratur, & vt <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ &longs;en&longs;ilis vni­<lb/>uersè non huius aut illius, in quo item &longs;en&longs;ilis materia, &longs;ed vniuersè continetur, non vniuersè tan­<lb/>quam genus; &longs;ed vt commune per indifferentiam, & &longs;ub hac notione materiæ &longs;en&longs;ilis, non huius <lb/>aut illius, vt o&longs;sis & carnis etiam vniuersè &longs;umptorum: & a&longs;&longs;ero con&longs;iderationem <expan abbr="hãc">hanc</expan> e&longs;&longs;e primi <lb/>philo&longs;ophi. altero verò modo con&longs;ideratur forma naturalis &longs;ine materia &longs;en&longs;ili, quia &longs;it <expan abbr="quoddã">quoddam</expan> <lb/>genus formæ, quod interuallum comitatur & materiam pote&longs;tate quantam, quæ cùm &longs;it prior <lb/>motu, ab omni motu &longs;eparari pote&longs;t, & hanc ad mathematicum pertinere profiteor. Itaque mo­<lb/>dus ab&longs;trahendi de quo &longs;uprà di&longs;putatum e&longs;t, proprius e&longs;t omnis &longs;cientiæ: quia &longs;ic oportet pro­<lb/>gredi, &longs;i &longs;cientia paranda &longs;it, ab&longs;tractiones i&longs;tæ, de quibus nuper expo&longs;itum e&longs;t, &longs;unt primi philo­<lb/>&longs;ophi & mathematici, quæ tibi diligenter ob&longs;eruandæ &longs;unt. Sed dicet qui&longs;piam, &longs;atis dictum e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>de &longs;epararione formæ, verùm quid dicendum e&longs;t de &longs;epararione materiæ? Dicimus ad hoc mate­<lb/>riam ita &longs;eparari à forma, non quia in eius e&longs;&longs;entia forma non concipiatur, &longs;ed cùm materia &longs;it vel <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg708"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;ingularis, vel infinita. &longs;ingularem à forma &longs;eparari, quoniam prior e&longs;t origine forma &longs;ingulari, <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg709"></arrow.to.target><lb/>& ab illa &longs;eparari & re & ratione, quia forma illa &longs;ingularis e&longs;t, quod verò e&longs;t &longs;ingulare non po­<lb/>te&longs;t e&longs;&longs;e alicuius e&longs;&longs;entia. <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> e&longs;&longs;entia per definitionem euoluitur, hæc verò non e&longs;t &longs;ingularis. <lb/>remaneret autem &longs;i non proxima (hæc enim cum forma corrumpitur) at alterius formæ <arrow.to.target n="marg710"></arrow.to.target> &longs;ubie­<lb/><lb/>ctum. &longs;impliciter autem materia non &longs;eparatur à forma, quòd &longs;impliciter forma prior e&longs;t quàm <lb/>materia, & actus &longs;impliciter prior e&longs;t quàm pote&longs;tas, & forma & actus in materiæ <expan abbr="pote&longs;tatis&qacute;ue">pote&longs;tatisque</expan> <lb/>definitione &longs;umuntur.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg707"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg708"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg709"></margin.target>1. Po&longs;t.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg710"></margin.target>9. Met.</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Quid &longs;it materia &longs;en&longs;ilis, & quemadmodum in naturali methodo accipienda. Cap. XVIII<emph.end type="italics"/>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>ACCEPIMVS antè &longs;ic &longs;e habere formam naturalem, vt nulla ratione neque reip&longs;a, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <lb/>vi mentis &longs;ine materia &longs;en&longs;ili concipi queat. Attamen, vt opinor, à no&longs;tra methodo non <lb/>abhorrebit, &longs;i hoc loco &longs;ermonem no&longs;trum conuertamus ad explicandum vnde no&longs;catur, quid <lb/>ip&longs;a &longs;it, & doceamus etiam qua ratione tractetur: confert enim ad cogno&longs;cendam rationem & <lb/>viam qua res naturales &longs;unt definitione euoluendæ. Primùm igitur eam nemo ignorat e&longs;&longs;e <arrow.to.target n="marg711"></arrow.to.target> mate­<lb/><lb/>riam &longs;en&longs;ilem quæ iam à qualitatibus cum actuo&longs;is, tum patibilibus occupatur, & motui <expan abbr="tran&longs;-mutationi&qacute;">tran&longs;­<lb/>mutationique</expan>. &longs;ubiicitur. nam &longs;ine his nulla vera mutatio videtur effici po&longs;&longs;e. ideò materia &longs;en&longs;i­<lb/>lis ab eiu&longs;modi qualitatib. & affectionib. non &longs;egregatur: reip&longs;a quidem per&longs;picuum e&longs;t, cogita­<lb/>tione verò dubium, &longs;iquidem materia principium eiu&longs;modi affectionum optimo iure ponatur: <lb/>quia verò natura prius a po&longs;teriore &longs;euocari queat, non erit culpæ alicuius affinis qui materiam <lb/>&longs;en&longs;ilem per qualitates &longs;en&longs;iles, non &longs;anè definiri, tanquam hæc eius principia &longs;int, &longs;ed vt per effe­<lb/>cta de&longs;cribi putabit. Præ&longs;ertim quòd &longs;i definiretur per accidentia, non po&longs;&longs;emus euitare quin ac­<lb/>cidens in &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ definitione &longs;umi po&longs;&longs;et; id verò oppugnat vniuer&longs;a præcepta analytica. Ete­<lb/>nim pp illum canonem. Quando alterum de altero prædicatur, vt de &longs;ubiecto; quæcunque de <lb/>illo prædicantur, etiam de &longs;ubiecto prædicentur oportebit. At verò materia &longs;en&longs;ilis e&longs;t pars &longs;ub­<lb/>&longs;tantiæ naturalis; ergo in eius definitione &longs;umenda e&longs;t: pone tu nunc accidens principium mate­<lb/>riæ &longs;en&longs;ilis. Et principium igitur &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ naturalis. cùm cæteroqui de &longs;ubiecto debeat demon­<lb/>&longs;trari per &longs;ubiecti principia, & per &longs;ubiectum <expan abbr="eius&qacute;">eiusque</expan>. principia definiatur. Neque hic tu elaberis <lb/>inquiens, eam regulam complecti principia e&longs;&longs;entiæ: materiam verò negans e&longs;&longs;e principium e&longs;­<lb/>&longs;entiæ, &longs;ed exi&longs;tentiæ <expan abbr="tantũ">tantum</expan> quæ po&longs;terior e&longs;t e&longs;&longs;entia: proinde nil vetare, quominus accidens in <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg712"></arrow.to.target><lb/>explicatione &longs;en&longs;ilis materiæ ponatur: <expan abbr="qñ">qnm</expan> nihilominus efficeretur, vt &longs;ub&longs;tantia fieret ex non <lb/>&longs;ub&longs;tantia: fieret .n. indiuiduum ex materia &longs;en&longs;ili quæ componeretur ex accidentibus. Sed enim <lb/>&longs;i po&longs;teriora &longs;unt accidentia, &longs;eparari queunt a materia, vt &longs;ine ip&longs;is exi&longs;tat. Vel igitur erit mate­<lb/>ria &longs;en&longs;ilis &longs;ine po&longs;tib. & &longs;ic indiuiduum &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ nudum quod nos non approbamus, vel <lb/><expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> erit amplius &longs;en&longs;ilis; verùm degenerabit in aliud materiæ genus. Idcirco &longs;ic de &longs;en&longs;ili materia <lb/>&longs;tatuendum puto. Aut .n. &longs;pectatur, quatenus habet vnde pellat &longs;en&longs;us. aut vt res huic facultati <lb/>&longs;ubiecta, vel &longs;ub ratione principij. habet autem, vnde moueat &longs;en&longs;us, initium duplex; alterum re­<lb/>motum, atque alterum proximum: ac remotum quidem e&longs;t ip&longs;a forma & actus; ex hoc enim ac­<lb/>cidentia pendent, quibus ine&longs;t proxima facultas excitandi &longs;en&longs;um. Quatenus igitur materia &longs;en­<lb/>&longs;ilis, non dubium e&longs;t, quin accidens in eius definitione comprehendatur, non &longs;ecus àc albedo in <lb/>definitione hominis albi. <emph type="sup"/>a<emph.end type="sup"/> Vt enim te&longs;tatur Ari&longs;toteles partes cuiu&longs;que coniuncti in eius <arrow.to.target n="marg713"></arrow.to.target> defini­<lb/><lb/>tione ponendæ &longs;unt. Ex hoc effectum e&longs;&longs;e putant <expan abbr="quidã">quidam</expan>, vt tale materiæ genus motu de&longs;ignetur; <pb pagenum="79"/> <arrow.to.target n="marg714"></arrow.to.target><lb/><emph type="sup"/>a<emph.end type="sup"/> ea verò cùm in <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> naturalium definitione requiratur; &longs;&ecedil;pius item ab Ari&longs;t. pronuntiatum <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg715"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;it, definitiones naturales &longs;ine motu non e&longs;&longs;e tradendas: &longs;iquidem materia &longs;en&longs;ilis ex motu, <expan abbr="ean&qtilde;">eanquae</expan> <lb/>priore &longs;en&longs;ili con&longs;taret. Veruntamen, vt placet hoc, <09> materia &longs;en&longs;ilis <expan abbr="hmõi">hmoni</expan> &longs;it accidentium bene­<lb/>ficio; pp allatas rationes haud a&longs;&longs;entiar motum vt primum quid in rerum naturalium definitio­<lb/>nibus e&longs;&longs;e ponendum; &longs;ed vt notam duntaxat eius principij ex quo proximè fluit. Concedam <lb/><expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> &longs;icuti natura per motum veluti principium definitur, &longs;ic & <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> &longs;en&longs;ilem, vt <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> <lb/>per motum probè definiri; &longs;unt .n. relatiua principium, & id cuius e&longs;t principium. &longs;i ea &longs;ecundùm <lb/>formam con&longs;ideres; non &longs;ecundùm materiam: <expan abbr="tñ">tnm</expan> in definitione &longs;ub&longs;tanti&ecedil; non id quod rei <expan abbr="prin-cipio&qacute;">prin­<lb/>cipioque</expan>. comitatur accipiendum e&longs;t; &longs;ed rem cui hæc comitatur, per eam habitudinem menti &longs;e­<lb/>&longs;e offerre quidem fatebor, &longs;ed cùm tali habitudine <expan abbr="&longs;ub&longs;tantiã">&longs;ub&longs;tantiam</expan> <expan abbr="cõplere">complere</expan> negabo, & a&longs;&longs;euerabo Phi­<lb/>lo&longs;ophum accepi&longs;&longs;e motum quo materiam per &longs;e alioquin <expan abbr="ignotã">ignotam</expan> illu&longs;traret, vnde initium &longs;pe­<lb/>culationum &longs;uarum de&longs;umeret; notis .n. in&longs;i&longs;tant oportet. Proinde materiam illam puto &longs;umi in <lb/>definitione rerum natura con&longs;tantium, cui hæc accidunt, ide&longs;t, illam facultatem, vnde proximò <lb/>exi&longs;tunt accidentia quæ pellunt &longs;en&longs;us. <expan abbr="Ideò&qacute;">Ideòque</expan>. non con&longs;tituitur per accidentia; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> per ip&longs;a defi­<lb/>nitur, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> item &longs;ub&longs;tantia &longs;en&longs;ilis; &longs;ed ex accidente note&longs;cit, & ex ip&longs;o prius quid accidente &longs;i­<lb/>gnificatur. Quare monebat nos Alexander; <emph type="sup"/>b<emph.end type="sup"/> vbi Ari&longs;t. a&longs;&longs;umeret motum, <expan abbr="interpretandũ">interpretandum</expan> e&longs;&longs;e <arrow.to.target n="marg716"></arrow.to.target> ma­<lb/><lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg717"></arrow.to.target><lb/>teriam &longs;en&longs;ilem, qua&longs;i ex <expan abbr="cõ&longs;equente">con&longs;equente</expan> &longs;ignificetur materia &longs;en&longs;ilis quæ nos alioqui latet eo planè <lb/>modo quo &longs;ub&longs;tantia ip&longs;a naturalis nomine corporis exprimitur, quod e&longs;t primum genus quan­<lb/>titatis, <09> ab hoc con&longs;equente nunquam de&longs;eratur, mente no&longs;tra aut non, aut ægrè admodum ea <lb/>&longs;eparante <emph type="sup"/>c<emph.end type="sup"/> quæ in&longs;unt perpetuò, ab illis quib. in&longs;unt, vt hominis formam à carnib. & o&longs;sib. <09><lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg718"></arrow.to.target><lb/>in iis &longs;emper apparet; <expan abbr="idem&qacute;">idemque</expan>. efficeret mens in circulo, quæ forma nulli cert&ecedil; materiæ per &longs;e ad­<lb/>dicta e&longs;t, &longs;i <expan abbr="qui&longs;q.">qui&longs;que</expan> in ære extaret, neque .n. &longs;ine &ecedil;re concipi po&longs;&longs;et. Ac &longs;i rem interius &longs;crutari veli­<lb/>mus; non &longs;ine certa ratione v&longs;urpatur in de&longs;ignanda materia, quippe <09> accidens non &longs;it ens &longs;im­<lb/>pliciter, & ab omni &longs;ub&longs;tantia &longs;uaptè natura &longs;egregatum, &longs;ed &longs;it propriè &longs;ub&longs;tantia &longs;ic affecta. cu­<lb/>ius affectio cùm moueat &longs;en&longs;um; efficitur, vt &longs;ub&longs;tantia &longs;ingularis, aut materia &longs;en&longs;ilis quæ alio­<lb/>qui &longs;entiri per &longs;e non po&longs;&longs;et, per accidens &longs;entiatur, à quo &longs;i cogitatione &longs;epararetur, iam non am­<lb/>plius &longs;en&longs;ilis & &longs;ingularis e&longs;&longs;et, &longs;ed intelligenda, & vniuer&longs;alis, quia <expan abbr="tñ">tnm</expan> <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> per &longs;e mouet <expan abbr="m&etilde;tem">mentem</expan>, <lb/>cùm &longs;it pura pote&longs;tas, cogimur item materiam intelligendam notare aliquo accidente quod ip&longs;i <lb/>in&longs;ideat immobiliter, vt motus. <expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> <expan abbr="&etilde;t">ent</expan> motus quà de&longs;ignat materiam generatim &longs;umptus ingre­<lb/>ditur definitiones naturales methodo non tam euolutioni rei con&longs;ulente quàm captui no&longs;tro. <lb/>Quoniam verò accidens ita &longs;e habet ad &longs;ub&longs;tantiam, vt & contraria <expan abbr="quando&qacute;">quandoque</expan>. in eadem &longs;pecie <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg719"></arrow.to.target><lb/>reperiantur, <emph type="sup"/>d<emph.end type="sup"/> vt album, & nigrum in homine, & in eodem indiuiduo nonnunquàm; & mas & <arrow.to.target n="marg720"></arrow.to.target> f&ecedil;­<lb/><lb/>mina in <expan abbr="pleri&longs;q.">pleri&longs;que</expan> partibus animalis, alia non item, vt æternum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> caducum; & hæc quidem per <lb/>&longs;e, illa per accidens: quæ per accidens in&longs;unt, materiæ &longs;en&longs;ili <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illi quidem &longs;ingulari ad&longs;cribun­<lb/>tur, neque .n. po&longs;ita, vel ablata rerum naturas immutant, &longs;icuti <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> &longs;en&longs;ilis illa materia; quapro­<lb/>pter nec e&longs;t e&longs;&longs;entiæ pars, &longs;ed exi&longs;tentiæ &longs;olùm, quod e&longs;t aliquid e&longs;&longs;entiæ &longs;uperueniens, vt &longs;uo lo­<lb/>co demon&longs;trabitur. Ex hoc efficitur, vt in indiuiduo &longs;int accidentia &longs;ua ip&longs;ius propria, tamen <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb/>idcirco &longs;ub&longs;tantiam indiuiduam con&longs;tituant, &longs;ed &longs;ingularis eiu&longs;dem principij, materiæ nimirum <lb/>&longs;igna &longs;int, quib. item &longs;ublatis, verùm vt po&longs;terioribus, materia <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> tollatur; velut etiam motu <lb/>&longs;ublato natura, quanquàm vt po&longs;teriore, de mundo, aut &longs;altem è con&longs;pectu tolleretur. <expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> ha­<lb/>ctenus de modo quo nobis materia note&longs;cit, vt autem &longs;it, ita cogitare oportet omnem &longs;ub&longs;tanti&ecedil; <lb/>mutationem e&longs;&longs;e circa &longs;ingulare, quod &longs;anè con&longs;tat ex materia & forma, in materia verò propter <lb/>formam etiam in&longs;unt accidentia certa; <expan abbr="cùm&qacute;">cùmque</expan>. mutationi &longs;ubiiciatur id quod e&longs;t <expan abbr="pot&etilde;tia">potentia</expan> tale per <lb/>&longs;e, per accidens autem id quod e&longs;t actu, efficitur, vt aut ei quod factum e&longs;t, accedant quæ &longs;unt <lb/>propria form&ecedil; genit&ecedil;, & &longs;i qu&ecedil; etiam qu&ecedil; non repugnantia retinentur ex quorum cumulo fit in­<lb/>diuiduum. <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> e&longs;t cum accidentibus quæ pendent ex forma, vel <expan abbr="cõi">coni</expan> genit&ecedil; & corruptæ, vel ex <lb/>pr&ecedil;&longs;ente pro potentia materi&ecedil; <expan abbr="pr&ecedil;ced&etilde;tis">pr&ecedil;cedentis</expan>, &longs;unt & alia quibus &longs;upponitur quidem forma &longs;ub&longs;tan­<lb/>tiæ, non &longs;unt tamen ex forma, verùm <expan abbr="exi&longs;tũt">exi&longs;tunt</expan> ex infinitate materiæ, nec amplectuntur vniuer&longs;am <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg721"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;peciem, quare dicuntur indiuidui veluti gignitur aër ex aqua quæ e&longs;t aër pote&longs;tate, remanet in <lb/>aëre pelluciditas, accedit raritas, leuitas, calor, qu&ecedil; potentia latebant in ea materia: e&longs;t etiam ver­<lb/>big. quòd extra &longs;uum locum detineatur, quod e&longs;t accidens. ex his omnibus fit non modò aër, &longs;ed <lb/>hic aër. H&ecedil;c igitur materia &longs;en&longs;ilis & indiuidua principium e&longs;t &longs;ub&longs;tanti&ecedil; &longs;ingularis, <expan abbr="ea&qacute;ue">eaque</expan> cùm <lb/>habeat adnexa illa accidentia perpetuò cum illis aufertur: & cùm ab&longs;tractio fiat ab hoc & illo <lb/>albo & à c&ecedil;teris con&longs;imiliter, &longs;equitur vt etiam fiat ab&longs;tractio à materia &longs;en&longs;ili: itaque &longs;icuti ab­<lb/>&longs;trahendo &longs;ingulare degenerat in vniuer&longs;um, & ab&longs;tractione facta non remanet h&ecedil;c &longs;ub&longs;tantia <lb/>&longs;ingularis, vt aliqui opinantur, &longs;ed vniuer&longs;alis duntaxat, & &longs;pecies aut genus: &longs;ic non remanet <lb/>materia &longs;ingularis, & &longs;en&longs;ilis, &longs;ed efficitur vniuer&longs;alis & intelligenda. <expan abbr="Cùm&qacute;">Cùmque</expan>. & h&ecedil;c accidentia, <lb/>& materia &longs;en&longs;ilis vnum reap&longs;e exi&longs;tant, factum e&longs;t, vt Ari&longs;toteles in rerum naturalium definitio­<lb/>nibus accidens po&longs;ui&longs;&longs;e videatur: c&ecedil;terùm iis &longs;ignificatur materia &longs;en&longs;ilis: nam &longs;icut &longs;e habent <pb pagenum="80"/>accidentia &longs;ingularia ad materiam &longs;en&longs;ilem indiuiduam; &longs;ic & facta per ab&longs;tractionem <arrow.to.target n="marg722"></arrow.to.target> vniuer&longs;a­<lb/><lb/>lia materiam &longs;en&longs;ilem vniuersè &longs;ignificant, quam mox e&longs;&longs;entiæ partem e&longs;&longs;e o&longs;tendemus; & pro­<lb/>pter modum e&longs;&longs;endi quem ab&longs;trahendo mutat; ex eo <09> e&longs;t exi&longs;tentiæ principium, in principium <lb/>e&longs;&longs;entiæ transformari. Hoc ip&longs;um o&longs;ten&longs;uri nunc exordiamur ab ea materia quæ tran&longs;mutatio­<lb/>ni &longs;ubiicitur, & illam inueniamus quæ con&longs;tituit methodum naturalem. <expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> verò dubitatur ma­<lb/>teriam &longs;en&longs;ilem quæ <expan abbr="&longs;ub&longs;tãtiæ">&longs;ub&longs;tantiæ</expan> formam excipit, e&longs;&longs;e &longs;ingularem: quod .n. fit e&longs;t &longs;ingulare; & ge­<lb/>neratur non homo, &longs;ed Callias & Plato. Veruntamen &longs;icuti mutationes &longs;unt &longs;ingularium; &longs;ic de <lb/>iis nulla methodus e&longs;&longs;e pote&longs;t; quando e&longs;&longs;ent incerta & infinita. Quocirca vt &longs;cientiam genera­<lb/>re po&longs;sint; &longs;ingularia ad vniuer&longs;ale quoddam referenda &longs;unt. At verò &longs;i vniuer&longs;ale colligitur ex <lb/>&longs;ingularibus, imminebit periculum; ne &longs;eparatum à formis &longs;en&longs;ilibus generationi repugnet, & <lb/>aliud repræ&longs;entet, atque ea &longs;ingularia quæ &longs;unt obnoxia mutationi: nanque homo &longs;eparatur ab <lb/>indiuidui conditionibus. id autem quod e&longs;t huiu&longs;modi æternum e&longs;t, & cùm &longs;ignificet naturam <lb/>communem, &longs;iquid illi tribuatur, conueniet communiter. Attamen generari proprium e&longs;t &longs;ingu­<lb/>larium, quatenus &longs;ingularia &longs;unt. Verumenimuerò philo&longs;ophi nos <expan abbr="per&longs;uad&etilde;t">per&longs;uadent</expan> vniuer&longs;ale duplex <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e: alterum quidem quod repræ&longs;entat ip&longs;a &longs;ingularia, ita vt cum illud concipio, &longs;imul <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> men­<lb/>te comprehendam &longs;ingula in illa natura communi conuenientia, quod &longs;anè ab&longs;trahitur ab <arrow.to.target n="marg723"></arrow.to.target> indi­<lb/><lb/>uidui conditionibus, ita tamen, vt <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> referat conditiones &longs;en&longs;iles: verùm quia non magis huius <lb/>quàm illius indiuidui proprietates refert; proptereà dicatur vniuer&longs;ale. Alterum vniuer&longs;ale e&longs;t <lb/>quod &longs;ignificat naturam ab indiuidui conditionibus omnino &longs;eparatam, vt &longs;i <expan abbr="homin&etilde;">hominem</expan> ip&longs;um nul­<lb/>la ratione materiæ &longs;en&longs;ilis habita &longs;pectem. Illud <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> compo&longs;itum e&longs;t ex forma & materia &longs;en­<lb/>&longs;ili: quapropter in eo aliud e&longs;t e&longs;&longs;e ab e&longs;&longs;entia, & hoc in multis e&longs;t, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> adeò in vniuer&longs;is &longs;ingula­<lb/>ribus & quia non &longs;eparatur à materia &longs;en&longs;ili vniuer&longs;ale, phy&longs;icum non iniuria vocabitur: <expan abbr="id&qacute;ue">idque</expan> <lb/>definitioni &longs;ubiicitur. Alterum e&longs;t in mente &longs;ola, <expan abbr="idem&qacute;">idemque</expan>. cum e&longs;&longs;entia &longs;ua, cuius cùm duæ &longs;int par­<lb/>tes, forma nimirum & materia quæ mente concipitur, ita etiam è binis partibus, quæ binis illis <lb/>re&longs;pondeant, proportione conflatur, genere videlicet vt materia, differentia verò vt forma. <expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> <lb/>enim fieri pote&longs;t, vt forma naturalis à materia, &longs;eu re &longs;eu cogitatione &longs;eiungatur. Quocirca reip&longs;a <lb/>re&longs;idet in materia &longs;en&longs;ili, in mente verò alteram materiam a&longs;&longs;ecuta e&longs;t quæ pertinet ad mentem. <lb/>po&longs;terius hoc genus vniuer&longs;alis, &longs;i logicum dicamus, non erimus forta&longs;&longs;e reprehendendi: quia <lb/><foreign lang="greek">lo/gos</foreign> e&longs;&longs;entiam <expan abbr="definitionem&qacute;">definitionemque</expan>. &longs;ignificat, & rationem quæ iam e&longs;t hoc vniuer&longs;ale à &longs;en&longs;ili mate­<lb/>ria &longs;ecretum, & mentis officium per quod vniuer&longs;ale hoc &longs;eparatur à materia &longs;en&longs;ili indiuidua. <lb/>æternum hoc, quippe extra omnem aleam temporis illud in &longs;eip&longs;o perpetuum, quia &longs;emper e&longs;t; <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg724"></arrow.to.target><lb/>&longs;impliciter verò nequaquam, quia con&longs;i&longs;tit partibus quæ mutantur a&longs;siduè, & partes offert quæ <lb/>continuè variantur. Vtranque genus vniuer&longs;alis ab Ari&longs;totele mon&longs;tratum e&longs;t. Nam de primo <lb/>illo quod phy&longs;icum dicimus. aliquando verba faciens hæc &longs;cripta reliquit. <emph type="sup"/>a<emph.end type="sup"/> Homo & equus, <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg725"></arrow.to.target><lb/>& illiu&longs;modi c&ecedil;tera in ip&longs;is &longs;unt &longs;ingulis & docuit eius <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> e&longs;&longs;e &longs;ub&longs;tantiam, &longs;ed e&longs;&longs;e totum quod­<lb/>dam quod ex vniuer&longs;ali materia <expan abbr="forma&qacute;">formaque</expan>. con&longs;tet, &longs;icuti &longs;ingulare con&longs;tat ex materia <expan abbr="forma&qacute;">formaque</expan>. &longs;in­<lb/>gulari. Rur&longs;us de altero vniuer&longs;ali meminit quod rationem vocat, <emph type="sup"/>b<emph.end type="sup"/> vt circulus. proinde inquit, <lb/> <arrow.to.target n="marg726"></arrow.to.target><lb/>e&longs;&longs;e circuli & circulus, & e&longs;&longs;e animæ atque anima idem e&longs;t: atque iterum te&longs;tatus e&longs;t hominem <lb/>dici bifariam, velut compo&longs;itum, quare non e&longs;t idem hominis e&longs;&longs;e, & hominem e&longs;&longs;e, vel vt ani­<lb/>mam; itaque idem &longs;unt e&longs;&longs;e hominis atque hominem. Vbi igitur in methodo naturali ver&longs;emur, <lb/>cùm vniuer&longs;alia non &longs;eparentur à materia &longs;en&longs;ili &longs;impliciter, &longs;ed à &longs;ingulari tantùm, & <expan abbr="&longs;upponãt">&longs;upponant</expan> <lb/>pro &longs;ingularibus: ideò fit, vt non &longs;it &longs;cientia &longs;ingularium: nec ob id quæ de vniuer&longs;ali <expan abbr="pronuntiã-tur">pronuntian­<lb/>tur</expan>, abhorreant à &longs;ingularibus. Nec quatenus naturæ quædam communes &longs;int; illis generari tri­<lb/>buatur, &longs;ed vt referunt &longs;ingularia generatim, de quibus &longs;igillatim ea pr&ecedil;dicari po&longs;&longs;unt. Nec ea <lb/>materia quæ &longs;ubiicitur methodo naturali, quia &longs;en&longs;ilis, &longs;it &longs;ingularis. Etenim &longs;icut e&longs;t &longs;ingularis <lb/>homo, & communis: ita <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> e&longs;t materia &longs;en&longs;ilis &longs;ingularis, & materia communis quæ eadem <lb/><expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> &longs;en&longs;ilis e&longs;t, h&ecedil;c methodi, illa mutationis. <expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> &longs;anè &longs;en&longs;ilis, quia materia communis <arrow.to.target n="marg727"></arrow.to.target> &longs;entia­<lb/><lb/>tur, &longs;ed quia proximè referat eam quæ pellit &longs;en&longs;um, & vt &longs;&ecedil;pe diximus, quia pro illa &longs;upponit. <lb/>qua ratione <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> res &longs;en&longs;iles &longs;cientiæ naturali &longs;ubiiciuntur, quas propter vim methodi nihilo­<lb/>minus vniuer&longs;ales e&longs;&longs;e nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t: &longs;unt .n. potentia &longs;en&longs;iles, quia cùm applicantur ad conditiones <lb/>&longs;en&longs;iles & hæc accidentia, fiunt &longs;en&longs;iles, & &longs;unt in habitu, non actu &longs;en&longs;iles.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg711"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg712"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg713"></margin.target>a 1 Phy&longs;. <lb/>T. 29. <lb/>7. Met. <lb/>T. 6.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg714"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg715"></margin.target>a Land.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg716"></margin.target>b 6. Met. <lb/>T. 2.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg717"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg718"></margin.target>c 7. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg719"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg720"></margin.target>d 10. Met. <lb/>T. vlt.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg721"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg722"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg723"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg724"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg725"></margin.target>a 7. Met. <lb/>T. 30. apud <lb/>Alexand.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg726"></margin.target>b 8. Met. <lb/>T. 5.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg727"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Quod'nam genus materiæ &longs;umatur in definitionibus naturalibus. Cap. XIX<emph.end type="italics"/>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>MATERIAM &longs;en&longs;ilem, atque illam quidem &longs;ingularem didicimus e&longs;&longs;e &longs;tratum muta­<lb/>tionis naturalis, vniuer&longs;alem verò in methodo naturali &longs;pectari. &longs;ed vtrum'ne omnis ma­<lb/>teria &longs;en&longs;ilis, <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> quam vniuer&longs;alis, in naturali methodo accipitur, & vtrum pars e&longs;t definitionis <lb/>naturalis, an aliquam aliam vicem in naturali definitione gerit, & vtrùm aliud vltra &longs;en&longs;ilis ma­<lb/>teriæ genus in naturali definitione <expan abbr="accipiendũ">accipiendum</expan> e&longs;t? Porrò materiam geminam ob&longs;eruamus apud <pb pagenum="81"/> <arrow.to.target n="marg728"></arrow.to.target><lb/>Ari&longs;totelem qu&ecedil; quoquo pacto licet di&longs;similiter, <expan abbr="definition&etilde;">definitionem</expan> re&longs;piciat: <expan abbr="