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<?xml version="1.0"?> <!DOCTYPE archimedes SYSTEM "../dtd/archimedes.dtd" > <archimedes xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <info> <author>Borro, Girolamo</author> <title>De motu gravium et levium</title> <date>1575</date> <place>Florence</place> <translator/> <lang>la</lang> <cvs_file>borro_demot_01_la_1575</cvs_file> <cvs_version/> <locator>011.xml</locator> </info> <text> <front> <pb xlink:href="011/01/001.jpg" id="p.0001"/><section><p type="head"> <s>HIERONYMVS <lb/>BORRIVS ARRETINVS <lb/>De Motu Grauium, & <lb/>Leuium</s></p><p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Ad<emph.end type="italics"/> FRANCISCVM <emph type="italics"/>Medicem <lb/>Magnum Etruria Ducem II.<emph.end type="italics"/><!-- KEEP S--></s></p><p type="head"> <s>FLORENTIAE, <lb/>In Officina Georgii Mare&longs;cotti. <lb/></s> <s>MDLXXV.<!-- KEEP S--></s></p><pb xlink:href="011/01/002.jpg"/></section><section><p type="head"> <s>ROBERTVS TITIVS BVRGEN. <lb/>IN HIERONYMI BORRI <lb/>EFFIGIEM.</s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Qvisqvis es, exiguo qui inclu&longs;am con&longs;picis orbe <lb/>Effigiem BORRI, & facili miraris ab arte <lb/>Expre&longs;&longs;os vultus, atque ora &longs;imillima veris, <lb/>Quanto deinde magis mirabere, cum tibi lectus <lb/>Liber erit, quo naturæ fugientis opertum <lb/>Mon&longs;trat iter, <expan abbr="vinclisq.">vinclisque</expan> docet retinacibus arctè <lb/>Comprimere, vt ne &longs;e te ignaro concitet hilum, <lb/>Quam &longs;tupeas? </s> <s><expan abbr="namq.">namque</expan> ingenij præ&longs;tantis imago <lb/>Longè animata magis &longs;e&longs;e hic o&longs;tentat, vt ignis <lb/>Aethereus, qui mane nouum praeuortitur ortum<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><pb xlink:href="011/01/003.jpg"/></section><section><p type="head"> <s>FRANCISCO MEDICI <lb/>MAGNO ETRVRIAE <lb/>DVCI II.<!-- KEEP S--></s></p><p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Hieronymus Borrius Deditissimus. <!-- KEEP S--></s> <s>S.<emph.end type="italics"/><!-- KEEP S--></s></p><p type="main"> <s>ANTIQVISSIMAE <expan abbr="nobili&longs;si-mæq.">nobili&longs;si­<lb/>mæque</expan> Philo&longs;ophiæ primum <lb/>ortum procreatum e&longs;&longs;e in­<lb/>ter Aegyptios ab eius prin­<lb/>cipium diligenter exploran­<lb/>tibus, cum ex multis aliis, <lb/>tum ex cò facile pote&longs;t intel <lb/>ligi, quod qui primis illis <lb/>temporibus philo&longs;ophandi &longs;tudio <expan abbr="incendebãtur">incendebantur</expan>, <lb/>ii ex omnibus ferè orbis terrarum partibus <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> <lb/>ad Mercurii Aegyptii columnas, in quibus prima <lb/>philo&longs;ophiæ capita erant inci&longs;a, confluebant; vt in­<lb/>de tanquam è fontibus, quæ domi non poterant <lb/>haurirent; deinde alii eodem &longs;tudio magis arden­<lb/>tes in Indiam penetrarunt, vt Gynmo&longs;ophi&longs;ta­<lb/>rum Principem Iarcam de &longs;iderum natura di&longs;pu­<lb/>tantem audirent. </s> <s>In hac autem inchoata & rudi <lb/>philo&longs;ophia maiore po&longs;tea &longs;tudio euigilauit Græ­<lb/>cia, quam euigilarat ante India & Aegyptus. </s> <s>Cum <lb/>enim Thales Mile&longs;ius, & Anaximander omne <expan abbr="&longs;uũ">&longs;uum</expan> <lb/>&longs;tudium in doctrina, ac &longs;apientia colo ca&longs;&longs;et, res &longs;uis <lb/>v&longs;a progre&longs;sionibus, incredibile dictu e&longs;t, quan­<lb/>tum breui fuerit aucta. </s> <s>Sed tamen adhuc manca, <lb/>& vulgaris iure videbatur ea e&longs;&longs;e cognitio. </s> <s>Verum <pb xlink:href="011/01/004.jpg"/>fortuna nobis dedit, vt ederentur in Iucem Xeno­<lb/>phanes & auditor eius Parmenides, & ambo &longs;upe­<lb/>riori naturæ cognitioni non mediocre afferrent in <lb/>crementum, ac magnus ille Philo&longs;ophus Pythago­<lb/>ras na&longs;ceretur, qui multa ii&longs;dem de rebus politius <lb/><expan abbr="perfectiu&longs;q.">perfectiu&longs;que</expan> proferret; & philo&longs;ophiam à prima in­<lb/>choataque forma ad expletam, atque cumulatam <lb/>in dies felicius procedentem relinqueret. </s> <s>Horum <lb/>ætati &longs;ucce&longs;sit Anaxagoras, quem, vt con&longs;ulto De­<lb/>mocritum, Empedoclem, & alios omittam, ma­<lb/>gnum attuli&longs;&longs;e optimis di&longs;ciplinis adiumentum, & <lb/>auxi&longs;&longs;e &longs;uos di&longs;cipulos &longs;cientia quadam admira­<lb/>bili, con&longs;tans e&longs;t omnium opinio. </s> <s>Princeps præte­<lb/>rea ingenii doctrinæque Plato, ac Timæus Pytha­<lb/>goræ &longs;ententias ob&longs;curas, & incognitas <expan abbr="illu&longs;trarũt">illu&longs;trarunt</expan>, <lb/>ita tamen, vt quæ <expan abbr="tãto">tanto</expan> viro placuerant ea <foreign lang="greek">e)n ai)ni/gmasi\</foreign><lb/>auditoribus expendenda proponerent. </s> <s>Quare ab <lb/>fconditæ illæ &longs;ententiæ difficiles habebant explica <lb/>tus, & præter quam à benedoctis hominibus non <lb/>intelligebantur. </s> <s>Po&longs;t eos autem, quorum mentio­<lb/>nem fecimus, <expan abbr="nõnulli">nonnulli</expan> alii graui&longs;simi viri in hoc præ <lb/>claro &longs;tudiorum genere ita ver&longs;ati &longs;unt, vt multo <lb/>acrius quam &longs;uperiores, & grauius ad philo&longs;ophan <lb/>dum incubuerint: nam diuino munere donatus <lb/>e&longs;t nobis Ari&longs;toteles <expan abbr="Philo&longs;ophorũ">Philo&longs;ophorum</expan> vere princeps, <lb/>à quo vno, & facilius, & melius, & breui plura didi <lb/>cit omnis po&longs;teritas, quam à prioribus didicerit. <lb/></s> <s>Quoniam autem, &longs;iue maiorum negligentia, &longs;iue <lb/>temporum iniuria, &longs;iue alio quouis malo fato fide­<lb/>lis illa veterum philo&longs;ophorum, qui Ari&longs;totelem <lb/>ætate præ&longs;titerunt, doctrina ad hancv&longs;que diem ia<pb xlink:href="011/01/005.jpg"/>cuit in tenebris, & &longs;olis videtur luce clarius, pluri­<lb/>mum humano generi eum hominem profuturum, <lb/>cuius con&longs;ilio, & opera ex tam diuturnis tenebris <lb/>emergeret; propterea &longs;um arbitratus maximos <lb/>quo&longs;que labores experiundos mihi & &longs;ubeundos <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e, vt tandem aliquando ea per me in lucem euo­<lb/>cetur; propterea libenter etiam expertus &longs;um, ac <lb/>tentaui omnia. </s> <s>Vtinam autem no&longs;tris laboribus <lb/>contingat exitus, quem optamus, vt me duce Phi­<lb/>lo&longs;ophia illa tam glorio&longs;a, & vera quam antiqua, <lb/>paulatim quidem &longs;uperioribus &longs;ingulis ætatibus <lb/>aucta, &longs;ed cra&longs;&longs;is tamen adhuc tenebris circumfu&longs;a <lb/>aut &longs;uaui&longs;&longs;imam lucem a&longs;piciat, qua indigni&longs;simè <lb/>ne&longs;cio quomodo videtur priuari, aut ea frui &longs;altem <lb/>incipiat. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nõ">non</expan> enim tantum mihi tribuo, vt plus mi­<lb/>hi, quam veritati largiar, & rem adeò ob&longs;curam ve <lb/>inexplicabilis &longs;æpe vi&longs;a &longs;it, tam diligenter exi&longs;ti­<lb/>mem me interpretando explana&longs;&longs;e, vt diligentius <lb/>nequeat explanari. </s> <s>Num quam tamen futurum e&longs;t, <lb/>vt me mei huius con&longs;ilii indu&longs;triæque pœniteat q <lb/>Nam &longs;i me huius Philo&longs;ophiæ fontes antea ita clau <lb/>&longs;os, vt nemini paterent, demon&longs;trante ad eos mul­<lb/>to &longs;tudio&longs;ius aperiendos alii po&longs;thac <expan abbr="excitabũtur">excitabuntur</expan>, <lb/>& huius virtutis, vt &longs;pero, & opto, præ&longs;tantiam con <lb/>&longs;equentur, mea etiam laus ex aliqua parte fuerit. <lb/></s> <s>Sed quoniam quicunque aliqua ingenii &longs;ui monu <lb/>menta po&longs;teritati mandant, ea plerique omnes &longs;ibi <lb/>videntur magnis dicare principibus debere, qui <lb/>aut benemeriti &longs;int, aut literis delectentur, aut pro <lb/>excellenti, & &longs;ingulari ingenio quod po&longs;sident, de <lb/>aliorum etiam ingeniis verè po&longs;sint exi&longs;timare. <pb xlink:href="011/01/006.jpg"/>Idcirco FRANCISCE Med: Magne Dux quem <lb/>COSMO Parenti optimo, & felici&longs;simo &longs;uper&longs;ti­<lb/>tem e&longs;&longs;e voluit immortalis DEVS, vt te Etruriam <lb/>admini&longs;trante, ac regente magnum & tri&longs;te illud <lb/>de&longs;iderium quod in cælum reuertens vir ille diui­<lb/>nus vniuer&longs;æ huic prouinciæ reliquit &longs;ui, leniatur, <lb/>& eius Ciuitates pergant felices e&longs;&longs;e, quod tu tan­<lb/>to Patre digni&longs;simus filius & propterea etiam reip. <lb/></s> <s>regendæ &longs;cienti&longs;simus iis præ&longs;is. </s> <s>Ego quoque non <lb/>modo omnibus his cau&longs;is motus, &longs;ed etiam quod <lb/>mihi benignè &longs;emper facis, & quod à &longs;tudiis litera­<lb/>rum non abhorres, & quod ad iudicandum de alio <lb/>rum &longs;criptis multum habes ingenii, tibi <expan abbr="donãdum">donandum</expan> <lb/>librum, quem de rerum grauium & leuium motu <lb/>&longs;crip&longs;i tuoque nomine modo tuo probetur iudicio <lb/>diuulgandum &longs;tatuo. </s> <s>Nam &longs;i hæ meæ vigiliæ acer­<lb/>rimo tanti Principis iudicio re&longs;pondebunt, reli­<lb/>quorum omnium iudicium, quod de me futurum <lb/>e&longs;t, non pertime&longs;cam. </s> <s>Tevero Flos Italiæ Princi­<lb/>pum lecti&longs;sime, qui in omnibus tuis actionibus pa­<lb/>trium animum, virtutem que capias, & eius huma­<lb/>nitatis, probitatis, con&longs;iliorum effigies cunctis re­<lb/>lictus filius iudicaris, non e&longs;t quod multis verbis <lb/>orem, vt hoc meum opu&longs;culum libenti&longs;simo ani­<lb/>mo accipias, namque te tua &longs;ponte facturum e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>&longs;cribens confidebam, literarum enim &longs;tudia, ea­<lb/>que colentes apud te in tanto &longs;unt honore, vt pa­<lb/>trocinio <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> tui num quam &longs;atis laudati Patris, <lb/>deinde tuo ad &longs;pem pri&longs;tinæ dignitatis, quæ alio­<lb/>rum culpa penè tota fuerat ami&longs;&longs;a literæ, videantur <lb/>in Etruria reuixi&longs;&longs;e: Etenim nemini ob&longs;curum e&longs;&longs;e <pb xlink:href="011/01/007.jpg"/>arbitror ex vltimis etiam terris à te viros omni libe| <lb/>rali doctrina eruditi&longs;simos Pi&longs;as tuas quo virtutis <lb/>ergò vndique iuuenum examina confluunt hone­<lb/>&longs;ti&longs;sima accer&longs;itos mercede, & quotannis maiore <lb/>diligentia accer&longs;iri, vt vniu&longs;qui&longs;que quam tenet <lb/>publicè profiteatur, & doceat &longs;cientiam. </s> <s>Atque <lb/>&longs;umptus qui faciendi &longs;unt in eos tam libenter fa­<lb/>ctos, & fieri, cum &longs;cias numquam melius poni po&longs;| <lb/>&longs;e quam quos libenti&longs;sime. </s> <s>Quo circa me quoque <lb/>dum mearum virium imbecillitate cognitamihib <lb/>tale cogitabam &longs;ponte tua accer&longs;endum cura&longs;ti, & <lb/>puta&longs;ti dignum, vereorne literatorum paucitate, <lb/>qui principem locum obtinerem eorum qui Medi <lb/>cmæ <expan abbr="&longs;olentiã">&longs;olentiam</expan> profiterentur. </s> <s>Quemadmodum igi­<lb/>tur omnes mei labores qualescunque &longs;int, tibi de­<lb/>bentur, ita etiam mittuntur tibi tamquam Patrono <lb/>literarum optimo, & de commodis &longs;tudio&longs;orum <lb/>toto (vt dicitur) pectore &longs;emper cogitanti. </s> <s>Tuo <lb/>igitur con&longs;en&longs;u, & munere liceat in tuo nomine <lb/>huic meæ locubrationi apparere, quæ quidem ve­<lb/>luti Virgo ca&longs;ta, & verecunda malebat &longs;e conti­<lb/>nere domi, quam in publicum prodire. </s> <s>Et ob id <lb/>cum intelligeret te &longs;alutatum &longs;ibi meo iu&longs;&longs;u venien| <lb/>dum e&longs;&longs;e, &longs;tatim ad meum amplexum currens, & <lb/>o&longs;culum; Mi pater, inquit num quam futurum e&longs;t, <lb/>vt ego neque &longs;olem aduer&longs;um neque FRANCI­<lb/>SCVM Med: Etruriæ Magnum Ducem ad quem <lb/>me cogitas honoris cau&longs;a mittere, intueri po&longs;sim. <lb/></s> <s>Quapropter &longs;i tanti viri &longs;plendore me vis intermo| <lb/>ri, mittito. </s> <s>Sin me &longs;iliam tuam æque tibi dulcem, <lb/>ni&longs;i me fallit animus ac ip&longs;am vitam cupis incolu-<pb xlink:href="011/01/008.jpg"/>mem mittendi con&longs;ilium mutato. </s> <s>Hac mente cum <lb/>e&longs;&longs;et, non e&longs;t tamen au&longs;a neque mihi patri, quem vi <lb/>debat in duxi&longs;&longs;e <expan abbr="animũ">animum</expan> vt iret, aduer&longs;ari, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> quic­<lb/>quam negare Iacobo Saluiato tuarum omnium vir <lb/>tutum ob&longs;eruanti&longs;simo, & nobilitate, ingenio, bene| <lb/>ficentia, fortitudine animi, & rerum v&longs;u florenti&longs;si­<lb/>mo, tibique &longs;ancti&longs;simo &longs;anguinis iure coniuncti&longs;si­<lb/>mo, qui puellam vt parentis dicto e&longs;&longs;et audiens ma <lb/>gnopere hortabatur. </s> <s>Huius hortatione tam grata, <lb/>quam nece&longs;&longs;aria animo firmiore facto tandem &longs;e <lb/>venturam pollicita e&longs;t. </s> <s>Ergo mihi videtur e&longs;&longs;e reli­<lb/>quum, vt pro ea humili animo tibi &longs;upplicem, & <lb/>vnum illud à te petam, vt quemadmodum omnes <lb/>alios ad te &longs;alutandi cau&longs;&longs;a euntes complecti &longs;oles, <lb/>&longs;ic eam quam licet humani&longs;sime excipias, & eius <lb/>commodo ita con&longs;ulas, vt in aliquo conclauis tui <lb/>angulo, vbi con&longs;i&longs;tat, paullulum loci concedas, & <lb/>quotie&longs;cunque foras exierit &longs;olum vt Lælium Tau| <lb/>rellum, Petrum Victorium, Io: Bapti&longs;tam Hadria­<lb/>num, Angelum Guicciardinum, alio&longs;que tuo im­<lb/>perio pote&longs;tatique &longs;ubiectos docti&longs;simos viros in­<lb/>ui&longs;at, recta eodem reuerti &longs;it puellæ &longs;emper inte­<lb/>grum, ne cui improbo violandæ illius virginitatis <lb/>relinquatur locus. </s> <s>Verbis autem exprimi non po| <lb/>te&longs;t, quantum ego &longs;im voluptatis capturus, vbi abs <lb/>te, pro tua incredibili humanitate, hanc meam fi­<lb/>liam (vt cupio) benigno vultu <expan abbr="exceptã">exceptam</expan> audiuero. <lb/></s> <s>Quæ quidem res &longs;i ex no&longs;tra &longs;ententia ceciderit, <lb/>præterquam quod aliquid mihi videbor e&longs;&longs;e, alte­<lb/>ram filiam iam natu grandem non ita multo po&longs;t <lb/>tibi mittam, ac dicabo, cui me velim &longs;cias iamdiu <pb xlink:href="011/01/009.jpg"/>me ip&longs;um, mea&longs;que fortunas omnes, quantulæcun| <lb/>que &longs;int, & vniuer&longs;am domum dica&longs;&longs;e: &longs;ed cum <lb/>opus non &longs;it verbis vbi rerum & ad&longs;unt & aderunt <lb/>quotidie certi&longs;sima te&longs;timonia, longioris æpi&longs;tolæ <lb/>&longs;atietatem effugiam, atque illud etiam mihi abs te <lb/>petam beneficium, vt &longs;i frons puellæ huius nullis <lb/>erit calami&longs;tri ve&longs;tigiis notata, &longs;i nulla fucati can­<lb/>doris erunt adhibita medicamenta, &longs;i naturalis in <lb/>ea tantum nitor erit, hæc e&longs;&longs;e probitatis eius, non <lb/>negligentiæ expre&longs;&longs;a &longs;igna exi&longs;times: Quod &longs;i or­<lb/>namenta mole&longs;te feres omi&longs;&longs;a, meam harum rerum <lb/>in&longs;citiam facile excu&longs;abis: propterea quod &longs;pecta­<lb/>ri res, non verba pendi non ignoras in Philo&longs;ophia. <lb/></s> <s>Vale non Etruriæ &longs;olum, &longs;ed Italiæ etiam, ac <lb/>vniuer&longs;i orbis verum decus, ac lumen, <lb/>& Borrium tuæ voluntati mirificè <lb/>deditum mirificè etiam <lb/>dilige. </s></p><pb xlink:href="011/01/010.jpg"/></section><section><p type="head"> <s>BARTHOLOMEO <lb/>CONCINIO TALLAE, <lb/>ET PENNAE BERILLVSTRI <lb/>COMITI,</s></p><p type="head"> <s>Hieronymus Borrius. <!-- KEEP S--></s> <s>S.<!-- KEEP S--></s></p><p type="main"> <s>E<emph type="italics"/>tsi tam magna est liberorum caritas, vt <lb/>nihil dulcius hominum generi à Natura da <lb/>tum &longs;it, quam &longs;ui cuique liberi, tamen cum <lb/>relinquunt & abiiciunt obedientiam, nec <lb/>patri parent, cui Naturæ lege &longs;ubiecti &longs;unt, <lb/>amoris iter interrumpitur, & obliui&longs;cimur quandoque nos e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>patres. </s> <s>Quod dico de aliìs, dico nunc expertus in me ip&longs;o. <lb/></s> <s>Nam filia hæc mea, quæ, vt &longs;cis, licet inuita, meo tamen iu&longs;&longs;u <lb/>viæ &longs;e commi&longs;erat, vt adiret<emph.end type="italics"/> FRANCISCVM MEDI­<lb/>CEM <emph type="italics"/>&longs;plendoris immen&longs;i excel&longs;ique animi Principem, Ma­<lb/>gnum Etruriæ Ducem II. cui, eam ego muneri me mi&longs;&longs;urum <lb/>promi&longs;eram, quamuis v&longs;que ad Regias ædes progre&longs;&longs;a e&longs;&longs;et, <lb/>eas tamen non au&longs;a est ingredi, & illarum ædium magnificen| <lb/>tia, & maxima aulicorum frequentia, ciuium, &longs;ummorumque<lb/>hominum &longs;plendore, quibus assidue tanti Principis ianua, at­<lb/>que vestibulum celebratur perterrita: ideo itinere iam penè <lb/>confecto domum reuertit toto corpore contremi&longs;cens. </s> <s>Cum <lb/>enim à Patre omnia metueret, refugerat &longs;anguis, neque <lb/>mehercule &longs;ine cau&longs;a, propterea quod, vt vidieam redeun­<lb/>tem, ac amori meo amore non re&longs;pondentem, exar&longs;i iracun­<lb/>dia, & vix me continui,, quin inuolauerim in capillum, eoque<lb/>ip&longs;am & veste con&longs;ciderim: atque ni&longs;i mihi ad pedes pro-<pb xlink:href="011/01/011.jpg"/>&longs;trata iacui&longs;&longs;et mi&longs;era, patris mi&longs;ericordiam implorans, &longs;e <lb/>pecca&longs;&longs;e ni&longs;i vidi&longs;&longs;et, iureque iurando ni&longs;i confirma&longs;&longs;et me iu­<lb/>bente Patre, quoties opus &longs;it, &longs;e tuo tantum comitatu &longs;eptam, <lb/>florentissimam istam, fortunatissimam, & pulcherrimam <lb/>vrbem, orbis terrarum lucem, & tam præclara Vrbe Prin­<lb/>cipem dignissimum, omnino omni crudelitate lacera&longs;&longs;em. <lb/></s> <s>Quamquam igitur pudor eius mihi vi&longs;us est &longs;ubrusticus, & <lb/>meum animum non parum offendit, ei tamen, quia ætas illa <lb/>pudore dicitur ornari, naturali etiam in liberos amore addu­<lb/>ctus ignoui; eoque facilius quod eam cogor pluris etiam quam <lb/>antea facere, cum nunc <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> ita abundare ingenio videam, <lb/>vt &longs;ibi te dari in hac &longs;u&longs;cipienda actione Ducem voluerit, in­<lb/>telligens credo, quam propter fidem rerumque agendarum pe­<lb/>ritiam &longs;is gratio&longs;us apud amplissimum clarissimumque illum <lb/>Principem Virum, ad quem, ni&longs;i velit paternam gratiam ef <lb/>fundere, cogitur adire. </s> <s>Quare, quæ tua e&longs;t &longs;ingularis <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> in me <lb/>&longs;olum &longs;ed in omnes etiam beneuolentia, & humanitas, tamet&longs;i <lb/>&longs;emper ita es de maximis rebus occupatus, vt ab omni occupa<lb/>tione te numquam expedias, quam ad te mitto filiam com­<lb/>mendatam habeas, eamdem comiteris, atque in itinere tan­<lb/>tum puellæ addas animi, &longs;i perget e&longs;&longs;e timida vt ea in orna­<lb/>tissimi no&longs;tri Principis con&longs;pectum veniat, & mea fides libe­<lb/>retur. </s> <s>Vale, ac me vt &longs;oles ama.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><pb xlink:href="011/01/012.jpg"/></section><section><p type="head"> <s>BENEDICTVS TITIVS <lb/>ROBERTO F. DVLCISSIMO. <lb/>S. P. D.<!-- KEEP S--></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Tametsi illud maximè tibi propo&longs;itum e&longs;&longs;e de <lb/>bet, Roberte fili, vt exactam iuri&longs;ciuilis faculta­<lb/>tem, & &longs;cientiam, cui nunc in Pi&longs;ani i&longs;ta gymna­<lb/>&longs;ij luce operam nauas, con&longs;equare; ego tamen ita <lb/>&longs;emper exi&longs;timaui, oportere eum, qui iuri&longs;cons. <lb/></s> <s>futurus &longs;it, non rabula de foro, plurimis, atque <lb/>optimis artibus ornatum e&longs;&longs;e; quo factum e&longs;t, vt <lb/>teneriori adhuc ætate exqui&longs;itius te iis literis in&longs;tituerim, quibus ad <lb/>humanitatem informamur, ac deinde annis procedentibus tuo ip&longs;e <lb/>in&longs;tinctu, necnon aliqua mea cohortatione ad philo&longs;ophiam, quæ <lb/>de moribus docet, quæque rerum naturam per&longs;crutatur, animum <lb/>appuleris, in qua quantum profeceris, ni&longs;i tui te fallit amor, facilè <lb/>tibi erit iudicare: Ego certè, quod parentis fuit amanti&longs;&longs;imi, ac filii <lb/>laudum &longs;itienti&longs;&longs;imi, cumulatè præ&longs;titi; vt &longs;i quid aut temporis, aut <lb/>pecuniarum iactur&ecedil; factum &longs;it, eius in te omnis culpa re&longs;ideat. </s> <s>At­<lb/>que vt intelligas me meas in te omnes cogitationes libenter con&longs;ume <lb/>re&longs;olere, nec de re quapiam magis laborare, quam vt iis virtutibus <lb/>excellas, quæ homines ex vulgi numero eximere con&longs;ueuerunt; mit­<lb/>to ad te HIER ONYMI BORRII librum, quem de grauium, <lb/>& leuium motu præcellens ille philo&longs;ophus con&longs;criptum tamquam <lb/><expan abbr="te&longs;t&etilde;">te&longs;tem</expan> mutuæ inter nos beneuolentiæ, mihi dono dedit: nam cum is <lb/>proximè ab Vrbe reuerti&longs;&longs;et, atque à me officij cau&longs;&longs;a adiretur, po&longs;t <lb/>varios de rerum no&longs;trarum &longs;tatu &longs;ermones vltro, citroque habitos, <lb/>eò delatus e&longs;t, vt maximam &longs;e, atque adeo præcipuam aduer&longs;æ for­<lb/>tunæ alleuationem, & à mole&longs;tiis aberrationem ab vna pr&ecedil;&longs;ertim phi <lb/>lo&longs;ophia inuenire affirmaret; in qua ita conquie&longs;cere con&longs;ueui&longs;&longs;et, vt <lb/>&longs;uæ omnes œgritudines hoc tamquam pharmaco lenirentur; quam­<lb/>obrem identidem me ad hoc &longs;tudium <expan abbr="cape&longs;&longs;endũ">cape&longs;&longs;endum</expan> hortabatur; apud <lb/>quem cum deuexam iam ætatem, dome&longs;ticaque negocia, quorum <lb/>multitudine propè obruor, excu&longs;arem, h&ecedil;c tibi præcepta dari opor­<lb/>tere exi&longs;timabam; & quoniam &longs;tudiorum cau&longs;&longs;a abe&longs;&longs;es, vehementer <lb/>ab eo contendere cœpi, vt aliquod huiu&longs;modi <expan abbr="&longs;criptorũ">&longs;criptorum</expan> genus, quod <lb/>te ad philo&longs;ophiam perdi&longs;cendam inflammaret, nec tamen à ciuili ra<lb/>tione magnopere abhorreret, in tui gratiam pertexeret, vel &longs;i quid <pb xlink:href="011/01/013.jpg"/>iam nunc in &longs;chedulis haberet, oportunè depromeret; is, vt e&longs;t hu­<lb/>mani&longs;&longs;imus, & tui vehementer amans, facturum &longs;e, atque id qui­<lb/>dem breui, prolixè recepit, tum &longs;cilicet, cum <foreign lang="greek">u/po/mnhma</foreign> quoddam, <lb/>quod de grauium, & leuium natura in manibus haberet, ab&longs;olui&longs;&longs;et. <lb/></s> <s>Hic ego hominem acrius vrgere cœpi, vt id, qualecunque e&longs;&longs;et, no­<lb/>bis o&longs;tenderet, eiu&longs;que legendi copiam faceret: Vidi opus, vehemen­<lb/>ter probaui; itaque quotidie mole&longs;tior ei &longs;um factus, donec <expan abbr="extremã">extremam</expan> <lb/>commentario manum imponeret; res tandem ad exitum perducta <lb/>e&longs;t, quam ad te tran&longs;mittere volui; vt cùm à iuri&longs;con&longs;. </s> <s>animum ali­<lb/>quando auocaueris, ea te oblectes, & in tuo ocio di&longs;cas e&longs;&longs;e minimè <lb/>ocio&longs;us. </s> <s>Leges igitur librum argumenti, &longs;i quod aliud in vniuer&longs;a <lb/>philo&longs;ophia, &longs;ubtili&longs;&longs;imi & exqui&longs;iti&longs;&longs;imi; cui præterea illud acce­<lb/>dit, quod eo ordine, ac facilitate, ea verborum copia, atque delectu <lb/>BORRIVS no&longs;ter v&longs;us e&longs;t, vt <expan abbr="dubiũ">dubium</expan> videri po&longs;&longs;it, quid prius in eo <lb/>admiratione <expan abbr="dignũ">dignum</expan> legenti occurrat; Ego certè ita exi&longs;timo, nihil eru <lb/>ditius, nihil <expan abbr="elegãtius">elegantius</expan>, nihil denique in hoc genere ab&longs;olutius fieri po<lb/>tui&longs;&longs;e, ac <expan abbr="pr&ecedil;terquã">pr&ecedil;terquam</expan> quod Peripatetic&ecedil; parti illi, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> membro philo&longs;o <lb/>phiæ, quod re vera &longs;icut e&longs;t, ita omnium iudicio valde ob&longs;curum, <lb/>multi&longs;que ob&longs;tructum difficultatibus exi&longs;timatur, locis aliquot &longs;par <lb/>&longs;im hoc volumine plurimum luminis circumfun ditur, perdifficiles <lb/>omnes, & perob&longs;curæ ab antiquis de motu di&longs;ceptationes agitatæ in <lb/>medio proponuntur, & in clari&longs;&longs;imam lucem è tenebris, in quibus <lb/>hactenus demer&longs;&ecedil; iacuerant, fœliciter euocantur, vt <expan abbr="probati&longs;&longs;imorũ">probati&longs;&longs;imorum</expan> <lb/>Gr&ecedil;corum, & Ari&longs;totelis pr&ecedil;cipuè diuinam methodum, perpetuum­<lb/>que in veritate eruenda ingenij acumen (quorum vtrumque à recen­<lb/>tioribus i&longs;tis philo&longs;ophis longè &longs;olet abe&longs;&longs;e, vt nihil interim dicam <lb/>de recti &longs;ermonis proprietate, & elegantia, cui &longs;e bellum indixi&longs;&longs;e <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb/>modo videri volunt, &longs;ed hoc poti&longs;&longs;imum nomine apud in cautam, <lb/>&longs;implicemque iuuentutem &longs;e plurimum iactant, & gloriantur, ac &longs;i <lb/>Diis placet, de &longs;uperiore nonnumquam loco clarè, atque apertè pro­<lb/>nunciant) in homine latino facilè agno&longs;cas; itaque cum futurum <lb/>cernerem, vt magna vtilitas in eos redundaret, qui philo&longs;ophiæ &longs;tu­<lb/>diis capiuntur, &longs;i liber hic diuulgaretur; magnopere eum cohortari <lb/>in&longs;titi, neadeo præclarum munus po&longs;teritati inuideret, & quod fœli <lb/>ci&longs;&longs;imo illo &longs;uo ingenio, non exiguis mehercule laboribus, diligen­<lb/>tia propè infinita peperi&longs;&longs;et, nimia quadam mode&longs;tia, quam tamen <lb/>omnes inuidentiam potius interpretaturi e&longs;&longs;ent, interire pateretur: <lb/>euici tandem ab amici&longs;&longs;imo homine, vt librum typographis impri­<lb/>mendum traderet, itaque factum e&longs;t; quem ea cautione leges, vt iu­<lb/>ri&longs;prudentiæ &longs;tudiis ne ob&longs;it; neque enim ignoras quam de te opinio <lb/>nem concitaueris; itemque illud memini&longs;&longs;e debes, nonnullos videli­<pb xlink:href="011/01/014.jpg"/>cet e&longs;&longs;e, qui liuore; atquo inuitliæ aliqua a&longs;per&longs;i, multarum i&longs;tam <expan abbr="tuũ">tuam</expan><lb/>rerum &longs;cientiam, tamquam à iuri&longs;con&longs;&longs;. </s> <s>facultate pror&longs;us alienam <lb/>damnent, atque vituperent; quorum animis inueteratam opinio­<lb/>nem excutere in te&longs;itum e&longs;t, atque vt penitus euellas, non &longs;olum mo­<lb/>neo, &longs;ed etiam iubeo: quod &longs;anè effeceris, &longs;i modum in his literis ad <lb/>hibueris; Non e&longs;t hic locus, nec tempus patitur, vt &longs;tudiorum tuo­<lb/>rum rationem tibi præ&longs;cribam, quamquam de ea re pluribus me co <lb/>ràm tecum e&longs;&longs;e locutum memini, nec tu etiam ignoras. </s> <s>Vides quam <lb/>omnes in te oculos coniectos habeant, finge tibi cernere illorum læ­<lb/>titiam, qui ab expectatione tuorum &longs;tudiorum pendent; ij &longs;i te ad sy <lb/>renarum &longs;copulos con&longs;edi&longs;&longs;e intelligent, id e&longs;t, &longs;i iuri&longs;ciurilis &longs;cientia<lb/>relicta humaniores di&longs;ciplinas toto pectore hau&longs;i&longs;&longs;e cogno&longs;cent, mi <lb/>rum quàm omnibus ince&longs;&longs;ent l&ecedil;titiis, quàm &longs;int gaudio trium <lb/>phaturi. </s> <s>Sed redeo ad prima. </s> <s>&longs;tudiorum tuorum cui&longs;um <lb/>velim ita modereris, vt iuri&longs;con&longs;ultum to, non legu <lb/>leium fore memineris. </s> <s>BORRIVS no&longs;ter<lb/>te &longs;alutat, tu illi vici&longs;&longs;im gratiam habe­<lb/>bis de &longs;uo munere, atque interim <lb/>per literas ages quàm cumu­<lb/>lati&longs;&longs;imè. </s> <s>Cura vt va­<lb/>leas. </s> <s>Vale Flo­<lb/>rentia. </s></p><pb xlink:href="011/01/015.jpg"/></section><section><p type="head"> <s>AD HIERONYMVM BORRVM <lb/>ROBERTVS TITIVS.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Q<emph type="italics"/>vos pater aureolos mi&longs;it mihi nomine <lb/>libros<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s>BORRE <emph type="italics"/>tuo, quibus ob&longs;cura caligine te­<lb/>ctam<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Naturam leuis, atque grauis rimaris, & <lb/>alto<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Ingenio lu&longs;tras penetralia &longs;ancta &longs;ophorum <lb/>Perlegi, ac lectos iterumque iterumque probaui. <lb/></s> <s>Sed (verum vt fatear) gratos mihi reddidit illa <lb/>Cau&longs;&longs;amagis, quia certa tui præstantis amoris <lb/>In me &longs;unt vi&longs;imonimenta, & pignora certa; <lb/>Nam quod ego memorem dulci quæ&longs;ita labore, <lb/>Et vigilata diù, ac multum præclara latentis <lb/>Naturæ inuenta, & Latias vulgata per oras <lb/>Non est<emph.end type="italics"/> BORRE, <emph type="italics"/>mei neque enim contenta videre <lb/>Ingenij potis est acies arcana, tibi vni <lb/>Sola patent, tibi fatorum &longs;e &longs;e explicat ordo, <lb/>Cau&longs;&longs;arumque vices, rerumque exordia prima. <lb/></s> <s>Turatione duceingre&longs;&longs;us ve&longs;tigia magno <lb/>Trita&longs;ene, æthereas quem fudit lucis in auras <lb/>Græcia Cecropiæ propè mœnia parua Stagiris, <lb/>Aeternum quæris ventura in &longs;ecula nomen. <lb/></s> <s>Hic meus in te amor, ac verò tua maxima virtus<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/016.jpg"/><emph type="italics"/>Suadet vt innumeras pertixam carmin laudes, <lb/>Quæte &longs;ublimem tollunt ad syder a mundi. <lb/></s> <s>Sed parte ex alia cupientem plura profari <lb/>Mereuocat pudor ingenuus, nec dicere coram <lb/>Tepræ&longs;ente &longs;init, melius res ip&longs;a loquetur, <lb/>Et meritam digno tribuet tibi nomine famam. <lb/></s> <s>Vnum oro, vt pergas naturæ infundere lucem <lb/>Et &longs;æpè ingenij tales depromere fœtus <lb/>Pro quibus ore vno certatim &longs;e fateantur. <lb/></s> <s>Mortales tibi debere, astrictique teneri.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><pb xlink:href="011/01/017.jpg"/></section><section><p type="head"> <s>IN HIERONYMVM BORRIVM <lb/>præceptorem philo&longs;ophorum <lb/>præ&longs;tanti&longs;s.</s></p><p type="head"> <s>FABIVS LVCIVS.</s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Cvr grauitate petant centrum hæc, leuitate cur astra <lb/>Quis grauius docuit<emph.end type="italics"/> (BORRIVS) <emph type="italics"/>en leuius?<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Abdita quæ primis, tibi&longs;ic re&longs;erata patebunt, <lb/>His graue quod primo, vt &longs;it leue quippe prius.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><pb xlink:href="011/01/018.jpg"/></section><section><p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Veterum Philo&longs;ophorum nomina, quorum &longs;ententiæ in hoc <lb/>libro aut recipiuntur, aut exploduntur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head"> <s>A.<!-- KEEP S--></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Alcinous </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Alexander Aphrodi&longs;ien&longs;is <!-- KEEP S--></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Algazel <!-- KEEP S--></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Anaxagoras </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Anaximander </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Anaximenes </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Antipho </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Ari&longs;tarcus </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Ari&longs;toteles </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Auempace </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Auerroes </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Auicenna </s></p><p type="head"> <s>C.<!-- KEEP S--></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Calcidius </s></p><p type="head"> <s>D.<!-- KEEP S--></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Democritus </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Diogenes Appolloniates </s></p><p type="head"> <s>E.<!-- KEEP S--></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Empedocles </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Epicurus </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Euclides </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Eudemus Rhodius </s></p><p type="head"> <s>G.<!-- KEEP S--></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Galenus </s></p><p type="head"> <s>H.<!-- KEEP S--></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Heraclides </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Heraclitus </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Hermes Tri&longs;megi&longs;tus </s></p><p type="main"> <s>He&longs;iodus </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Homerus </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Hypparcus Metapontinus </s></p><p type="head"> <s>I.<!-- KEEP S--></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Iamblicus </s></p><p type="head"> <s>L.<!-- KEEP S--></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Leucippus </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Liparius Ari&longs;totelis expo&longs;itor. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Lucretius </s></p><p type="head"> <s>M.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Megetius Alexandrinus </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Meli&longs;&longs;us </s></p><p type="head"> <s>N.<!-- KEEP S--></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Nicetus </s></p><p type="head"> <s>O.<!-- KEEP S--></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Orpheus </s></p><pb xlink:href="011/01/019.jpg"/><p type="head"> <s>P.<!-- REMOVE S-->Parmenides </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Phyloponus </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Phylolaus </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Plato <!-- KEEP S--></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Plinius </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Plotinus </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Porphirius </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Proclus </s></p><p type="main"> <s>P&longs;eu&longs;ippus </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Pythagoras </s></p><p type="head"> <s>S.<!-- KEEP S--></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Simplicius </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Strato Lamp&longs;acenus </s></p><p type="head"> <s>T.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Thales Mile&longs;ius </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Themi&longs;tius </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Theodorus Metochites </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Theophra&longs;tus </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Timæus Locrus </s></p><p type="head"> <s>Z.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Zenarcus </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Zenophanes </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Zeno. <!-- KEEP S--></s></p><p type="head"> <s>FINIS.<!-- KEEP S--></s></p><pb xlink:href="011/01/020.jpg" pagenum="1"/></section><section><p type="head"> <s>PRIMA PARS <lb/>PERIPATETICAE <lb/>DISPVTATIONIS <lb/>DE MOTV GRAVIVM, <lb/>ET LEVIVM<!-- KEEP S--></s></p><p type="head"> <s>AVCTORE HIERONYMO BORRIO <lb/>Phylo&longs;opho Arretino.<!-- KEEP S--></s></p><p type="head"> <s>Ab eodem in Almo Pi&longs;ano Gymna&longs;io publicè <lb/>profitente di&longs;putata.</s></p><p type="head"> <s>Explicationem exitus quæ&longs;tionis de Motu gta­<lb/>uium, & leuium e&longs;&longs;e, non minus difficilem, <lb/>quam nece&longs;&longs;ariam. </s> <s>Caput I.<!-- KEEP S--></s></p></section> </front><body><chap><p type="main"> <s>P<emph type="italics"/>erdifficilis, & perob&longs;cura quæ­<lb/>stio e&longs;t, de motu grauium, & le­<lb/>uium; quæ, vt multa alia in Phy­<lb/>lo&longs;ophya, nequaquam &longs;atis adhuc <lb/>explicata, ad cognitionem animi <lb/>pulcherrima e&longs;t, & ad <expan abbr="hũc">hunc</expan> locum, <lb/>quem explanandum &longs;u&longs;cepimus, <lb/>intelligendum, & ad complures <lb/>alios contemplandos, v&longs;que adeo nece&longs;&longs;aria, vt &longs;ine huius pro <lb/>po&longs;itæ conqui&longs;itionis explicatione, &longs;ine velis, &longs;ine remis, &longs;ine <lb/>arctemone, &longs;ine pixide, ac &longs;ine gubernatore nauigantes, in <lb/>&longs;copulos, & in &longs;irtes incauti imping ant, & ab innumeris fere <lb/>aduer&longs;æ fortunæ fluctibus, atque procellis agitati, in tot a Phy <lb/>lo&longs;ophya naufr agium mi&longs;erè faciant: quodnatura, <expan abbr="etiãip&longs;a">etianip&longs;a</expan>,<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/021.jpg" pagenum="2"/><emph type="italics"/>ignoretur; quæ nihil aliud e&longs;t, <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> huius natur alis motus prin <lb/>cipium: vt auctor est Aristoteles in vestibulo &longs;ecundi libri <lb/>Phy &longs;icorum. </s> <s>Hinc inteligimus rem hanc non parum momen <lb/>ti habere, quin potius, vel maxime referre ad veritatis inue&longs;ti <lb/>gationem, hunc noui&longs;&longs;e motum. </s> <s>Ideo nulla de re magis conten <lb/>dunt, ac pænè degladiantur Philo&longs;ophi, quam de hoc motu. <lb/></s> <s>Hæc omnium ferè contentionum, quæ hactenus inter Philo­<lb/>&longs;ophos ver&longs;atæfunt prima fuit, atque etiam po&longs;thac erit, <lb/>&longs;i hic elementorum motus ignoretur: Cen&longs;et Antipho vnam <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e materiam, quæ primo natura dicatur, & quæ &longs;it huius <lb/>motus principium; Empedocles terram architectatur immo­<lb/>bilem, & à celeri cæli conuer&longs;ione prohiberi, quo minus mo­<lb/>ueatur: Democritus, Leucippus, & Epicurus elementa teme­<lb/>rè moueri dixerunt. </s> <s>Anaxagoras partes qua&longs;dam con&longs;imi­<lb/>les, atque immobiles commentus est: Parmenides, & Me­<lb/>li&longs;&longs;us motum &longs;ustulerunt. </s> <s>Sed nimis longum e&longs;&longs;et hoc loco<lb/>&longs;ingulas veterum Philo&longs;ophorum opiniones <expan abbr="rec&etilde;&longs;ere">recen&longs;ere</expan>: &longs;atis &longs;it, <lb/>hunc motum intelligere, plurimum in Philo&longs;ophia referre: <lb/>& hanc conqui&longs;itionem, quò e&longs;t magis nece&longs;&longs;aria, eò e&longs;&longs;e expli <lb/>catu difficiliorem: Norunt omnes antiquorum hac de re opi <lb/>niones e&longs;&longs;e contrarias, necignor ant, cuius doctrinæ, & cuius <lb/>iudicij &longs;it, vtram duarum partium veriorem diiudicare: dein <lb/>de cuius indu&longs;triæ, cuius laboris, quod verum iudicatum fue­<lb/>rit, litteris mandare in tanta præ&longs;ertim Philo&longs;ophorum, & <lb/>&longs;criptorum copia, quos no&longs;tra hæc felicissima ætas tulit: qui in <lb/>ea enodanda laborarunt, at que laborant, & concordes non <lb/>&longs;unt: tam variæ, tamque di&longs;crepantes illorum &longs;ententiæ ma­<lb/>gno argumento e&longs;&longs;e po&longs;&longs;unt, totum quod quærimus e&longs;&longs;e difficil <lb/>limum: propter hanc cau&longs;am &longs;cire vos oportet, candidissimi <lb/>Lectores, hic dere non tantum difficili, sed etiam minimt<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/022.jpg" pagenum="3"/><emph type="italics"/>&longs;tabili, nempè de motu di&longs;putari; ideo &longs;at erit, &longs;i di&longs;ceptatio<lb/>talis &longs;it, qualis e&longs;t illa, quæ facilè redargui non potest: in quæ <lb/>nobi&longs;cum bene actum putabimus, &longs;i non demostrata verita­<lb/>te, &longs;ed probabilibus &longs;altem argumentis confirmata, <expan abbr="&longs;imilitu-din&etilde;">&longs;imilitu­<lb/>dinem</expan> veri con&longs;ecuti fuerimus: his contenti e&longs;&longs;e debebitis: <expan abbr="æquũ">æquum</expan> <lb/>e&longs;t enim memini&longs;&longs;e, & me, qui di&longs;&longs;eram, hominem e&longs;&longs;e; & vos, <lb/>qui iudicatis, homines e&longs;&longs;e: ergo &longs;i probabilia dicentur, vos, qui <lb/>homines estis, nihil vlira requirere conuenit à me, quihomo <lb/>&longs;um: ideo quæ &longs;unt &longs;upra hominum captum, præ&longs;tare non <lb/>po&longs;&longs;um: ad veritatem tamen (vt licet) agno&longs;cendam, cum <lb/>pro nostris tenuissimis viribus anhelo pectore a&longs;piremus, quæ­<lb/>rendum duximus.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Vtrum ne grauia, & leuia elementorum &longs;implicia cor­<lb/>pora per &longs;e à &longs;e ip&longs;is, an verò ab aliis recto motu moueantur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head"> <s>Denece&longs;&longs;ario tractandorum ordine. <lb/></s> <s>Caput II.<!-- KEEP S--></s></p><p type="main"> <s>V<emph type="italics"/>tritè, ac legitimè veritatem, quæ (vt Democrito ali­<lb/>quando placuit) in profundas tenebras demer&longs;a e&longs;t, ex <lb/>vmbris, plu&longs;quam Cimmeriæ vmquam fuerint den&longs;io <lb/>ribus eruamus, & in hanc &longs;plendidissimam lucem produca­<lb/>mus, ordo explicandorum huic quæ&longs;tioni adhibendus e&longs;t, quo <lb/>intelligentiam rerum, præ&longs;ertim abditarum, iuuari, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb/>inuentionem latentium rationum dirigi, quibus &longs;libet vel me­<lb/>diocriter eruditis per&longs;picuum est: Perfecta enim e&longs;t or dinis <lb/>intelligentia, qua duce nemo res ip&longs;as ignorare pote&longs;t: cum &longs;o­<lb/>la hæc &longs;it via, & ratio doctrinarum ad per&longs;picuitatem apti&longs;­<lb/>&longs;ima, & ad <expan abbr="ab&longs;olutãrerum">ab&longs;olutarrerum</expan> cognitionem accommodatissima: <lb/><expan abbr="eãnos">eannos</expan> in præ&longs;entia ingrediemur: ne nobis v&longs;u veniat id, quod <lb/>Morioni cuidam iampridem v&longs;u venerat: qui in heri <expan abbr="culinã">culinam</expan><emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/023.jpg" pagenum="4"/><emph type="italics"/>ligna de more ferebat, & ex infimæ lignorum &longs;true ea prius <lb/>reuellebat, quæ moueri &longs;ine magno labore non poterant: hic <lb/>certè non vidit, quantum referret &longs;ingula ordine tollere: quod <lb/>vos, in quorum gratiam hæc di&longs;putantur (vt &longs;pero) videbitis:<lb/>eam ob rem non modo vniuer&longs;am di&longs;qui&longs;itionem in &longs;uas par­<lb/>tes minutatim, atque gradatim di&longs;tribuemus, cum di&longs;tribuen <lb/>di locus aduenerit, &longs;ed & eam methodum ducem, in inuenien <lb/>do &longs;equemur, quam Ari&longs;toteles<emph.end type="italics"/> <foreign lang="greek">a)na/lusin</foreign>. <emph type="italics"/>id e&longs;t <expan abbr="di&longs;&longs;olution&etilde;">di&longs;&longs;olutionem</expan> <lb/>appellauit: elementa enim, quorum motus cau&longs;æ inuestig an­<lb/>tur, in &longs;uas partes magnas, & magnæ in paruas, quæ in mino<lb/>res di&longs;&longs;olui non poterunt, di&longs;&longs;oluentur, donec ad prima huius <lb/>motionis principia peruenerimus; quæ non &longs;olum anali&longs;ihac, <lb/>quam paullo ante memorauimus, inuententur, &longs;ed compo&longs;itio­<lb/>nis eo ordine, quem Ari&longs;toteles<emph.end type="italics"/> <foreign lang="greek">du\nqesin</foreign> <emph type="italics"/>vocauit, po&longs;tquam in­<lb/>uenta fuerint, artificio&longs;a methodo in hoc libro di&longs;putabuntur. <lb/></s> <s>Per&longs;picuum etiam fiet, quæ &longs;int cau&longs;æ omnium primæ, atque <lb/>immediatæ, à quibus elementa <expan abbr="cõcitentur">concitentur</expan>: nec propterea<emph.end type="italics"/> <foreign lang="greek">diai/­<lb/><10>esis</foreign>, <emph type="italics"/>id e&longs;t diui&longs;io negligetur: &longs;ed eadem &longs;uo loco, & tempo­<lb/>re v&longs;urpabitur: quamquam duo prima methodorum genera <lb/>Ari&longs;toteles ferè &longs;emper, & vbique probare voluerit: Plato <lb/>verò tertium magis probandum e&longs;&longs;e duxerit: de quibus rerum <lb/>tractandarum ordinibus Ari&longs;toteles in Analiticis, & Plato <lb/>in Alcibiade &longs;crip&longs;it, & nos alibi di&longs;putauimus.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head"> <s>Illis omnibus derelictis, qui nuper phylo&longs;o phari <lb/>cœperunt, ad antiquos vniuer&longs;am hanc no&longs;tram <lb/>di&longs;ceptationem conuertemus. </s> <s>Cap. III.<!-- KEEP S--></s> </p><p type="main"> <s>QVONIAM <emph type="italics"/>vtrique & Peripatetici, & Academi­<lb/>ci e&longs;&longs;e volumus, ad Platonem aliquando no&longs;tra diuer-<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/024.jpg" pagenum="5"/><emph type="italics"/>tet oratio: quippe quod, &longs;i mentis aciem paullo diligentius<lb/>adhibuerimus, nihil e&longs;&longs;e in Aristotele, quin illud à Plato­<lb/>ne prius di&longs;putatum fuerit, procul dubio inueniemus: quam­<lb/>quam Phylo&longs;ophus i&longs;te vere diuinus, multa præ&longs;ertim de mori <lb/>bus grauissimè, & copio&longs;issimè di&longs;putauit, quæ ab Ari&longs;totele, <lb/>ne attinguntur quidem. </s> <s>Aliquando ergo vtriu&longs;querationem <lb/>habebimus: & ab vtroque no stram, quantulamcumque Phy­<lb/>lo&longs;ophyam, mutuabimur: alterum cum altero (vt res ip&longs;apo <lb/>&longs;tulare videbitur) vltrò citroque vicissim conferemus: vt ex <lb/>hac mutua vtriu&longs;que collatione eliciatur aliquando, elidatur­<lb/>que veritas perindeac ex crebro &longs;ilicis, & ferri attritu excu­<lb/>titur, eliditur que ignis: nec Platonis modo, sed & <expan abbr="omniũ">omnium</expan> fereè <lb/>antiquorum &longs;ententias di&longs;putabimus: ad Auerrois po&longs;tea di­<lb/>gressiones diuertemus: dignus e&longs;t enim Auerroes, dum digre­<lb/>ditur, qui cum Ari&longs;totele conferatur: quia ad grauissimam <lb/>Ari&longs;totelis doctrinam, doctissimam que eiu&longs;dem grauitatem, <lb/>vel omnino, vel &longs;altem quam proximè accedit: Sunt Auer­<lb/>rois digressiones inuentione fœcundæ, &longs;ententiarum pondere <lb/>graues, argumentorum numero neruo&longs;æ, Peripatetica metho <lb/>do di&longs;tinctæ, & (quod ex illis accepimus, qui Auerrois lin­<lb/>guam nouerunt) dictione &longs;plendidæ: vt nihil <expan abbr="fœcũdius">fœcundius</expan>, gra­<lb/>uius, neruo&longs;ius, di&longs;tinctius, &longs;plendidius: Quis Auerroe, dum <lb/>digreditur, proponit ab&longs;olutius? </s> <s>Quis narrat euidentius? </s> <s>Quis <lb/>docet apertius? </s> <s>Quis <expan abbr="cõfirmat">confirmat</expan> efficacius? </s> <s>Quis <expan abbr="cõfutat">confutat</expan> acrius? <lb/></s> <s>Quis colligit neruo&longs;ius? </s> <s>Qui nerui? </s> <s>Qui lacerti? </s> <s>Qui vigor? </s> <s>Quod <lb/>pectus? </s> <s>Quanta cau&longs;æ fiducia? </s> <s>Nu&longs;quam ce&longs;&longs;at: Nu&longs;quam <lb/>iacet: Nu&longs;quam restitit: Nu&longs;quam dormitat: &longs;ed vbique <lb/>properans &longs;equacem, <expan abbr="obtemperantemq.">obtemperantemque</expan> lectorem Auerroes <lb/>&longs;ecum rapit: it a vt mirandum non &longs;it, &longs;i in his no&longs;tris di&longs;cepta<lb/>tionibus maximam Auerrois rationem habituri &longs;imus: quod<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/025.jpg" pagenum="6"/><emph type="italics"/>di&longs;putationis mare, vastum certe erit: in quod &longs;i &longs;emel tan­<lb/>tum vela pandere cœperimus, long a nobis erit, & grauis ex <expan abbr="cõ">com</expan> <lb/>certatione iactatio: nec ni&longs;i post longos errores ad illam no­<lb/>bis optatissimum natur alis veritatis portum veniemus.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head"> <s>Vniuer&longs;æ di&longs;putationis in &longs;uas partes di&longs;tri­<lb/>butio. </s> <s>Cap. IIII.<!-- KEEP S--></s> </p><p type="main"> <s>DISPVTATIO <emph type="italics"/>ergo tripartito di&longs;tribuetur: prime <lb/>voces, quæ &longs;unt in quæ&longs;tionis capite, ancipites <expan abbr="explana-bũtur">explana­<lb/>buntur</expan>: id quod ab re forta&longs;&longs;enon fuerit: propter Ari­<lb/>&longs;totelis &longs;ententiam libro primo de interpretatione his verbis <lb/><expan abbr="con&longs;criptã">con&longs;criptam</expan>. </s> <s>Voces &longs;unt animæ notionum interpretes; & ani­<lb/>mænotiones &longs;unt indices illarum rerum, quæ &longs;unt extra <expan abbr="ani-mã">ani­<lb/>mam</expan>: quò fit vt qui voces non explicet, in æquiuoco laboret; enu­<lb/>cleandæ &longs;unt ergo voces, illarumque ob&longs;curitas illu&longs;tranda, &longs;i <lb/>quod ancipitis, & ob&longs;curi habeant: iuxta &longs;ententiam Ari­<lb/>stotelis libro primo de Cælo, particula decima &longs;upra cente&longs;i­<lb/>mam, & non raro alibi: hinc etiam fit, vt qui tum voces, tum <lb/>animinotiones intus, & incute nouerit, de rebus di&longs;ertè eloqui, <lb/>& &longs;cribere valeat: Secundo Peripatetica &longs;ententia, postha­<lb/>bitis atque in alium locum reiectis aliorum opinionibus, confir <lb/>mabitur: ne quis credat nos animo explodendi mendacij po­<lb/>tius, quam confirmandæ veritatis, manum ad &longs;cribendum ap­<lb/>puli&longs;&longs;e: Tertio argumentorum quorundam exitus explicabi­<lb/>tur: ex quorum explicatione meridiano &longs;ole clarius, cuilibet<lb/>apparere poterit, quid de aliorum &longs;ententiis &longs;entiendum &longs;it: <lb/>quod &longs;i ex voto <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> &longs;ucce&longs;&longs;erit, vt argumentorum nexus &longs;olua­<lb/>tur, gladio perinde ac Gordianus nodus incidetur: ne Peripa­<lb/>teticæ veritatis ho&longs;tes eamdem in hac parte labefactare au-<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/026.jpg" pagenum="7"/><emph type="italics"/>deant: & ne qui ementito Philo&longs;ophorum nomine ementitam <lb/>Philo&longs;ophiam profitentur, Aristoteli Peripateticorum om­<lb/>nium vere Principi id fal&longs;o imponere audeant, quò nihil mi­<lb/>nus excogitauit. </s> <s>His rationibus primi Philo&longs;ophiæ fontes ape<lb/>rientur; omnia adillos reuocabuntur: ex quibus aqua purior <lb/>haurietur, quam ex lutulentis po&longs;teriorum lacunis. </s> <s>Cœptis igi <lb/>tur faueat Deus; & à capite ad calcem v&longs;que benè cœpta &longs;e­<lb/>cundet.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head"> <s>Prima pars princeps. </s> <s>Cap. V.<!-- KEEP S--></s> </p><p type="main"> <s>CONCERTATIONE <emph type="italics"/>&longs;ecta, & artificio&longs;ius, quam <lb/>per me fieri potuit, digesta, quo voces, quæ &longs;unt in il­<lb/>lius capite ancipites, melius intellig <expan abbr="ãtur">antur</expan>, <expan abbr="elem&etilde;ta">elementa</expan> gra­<lb/>uia, & leuia, &longs;implicia e&longs;&longs;e hoc loco ponimus: quoniam &longs;unt <lb/>&longs;ubiacentes materiæ, circa quas hæc tractatio tota ver&longs;a­<lb/>tur: materiam autem, quæ &longs;ubiicitur, e&longs;&longs;e ab eo artifice, cui <lb/>&longs;ubiicitur, nec debere, nec po&longs;&longs;e demonstrari: auctor est Ari­<lb/>ri&longs;toteles libro primo po&longs;teriorum: &longs;ed eiu&longs;dem e&longs;&longs;e, vel vt vi, <lb/>natur áque &longs;ua notum, vel vt in &longs;uperiori &longs;cientia <expan abbr="demõ&longs;tratũ">demon&longs;tratum</expan>, <lb/>accipiendum ex eodem Ari&longs;totele di&longs;cimus: ne quid tamen in <lb/>tactum relinquatur, ab ea conqui&longs;itione &longs;equenti capite exor <lb/>diemur, quam Ari&longs;toteles secundo libro po&longs;teriorum parti­<lb/>cula prima, po&longs;t eam, quæ ad id pertinet, quæ e&longs;&longs;e rei demon <lb/>&longs;trat, explicandam voluit: ea est, qua rei propo&longs;itæ <expan abbr="definitio-n&etilde;">definitio­<lb/>nem</expan> inue&longs;tigamus; elementi etenim motus facilis, atque per&longs;pi­<lb/>cuus fiet, &longs;i, quæ &longs;it elementi natura, <expan abbr="defini&etilde;do">definiendo</expan> explicuerimus: <lb/>nam ex elementi definitione eiu&longs;dem actiones, & motus dein­<lb/>de reperiemus.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><pb xlink:href="011/01/027.jpg" pagenum="8"/><p type="head"> <s>Elementi definitio breui&longs;simè illu&longs;tratur. <lb/></s> <s>Caput VI.<!-- KEEP S--></s></p><p type="main"> <s>QVAERIMVS <emph type="italics"/>itaque; quid &longs;implicia, grauia, & <lb/>leuia corpora &longs;int, quæ elementa vocantur: Ni&longs;i enim <lb/>res, de qua agitur, quibu&longs;dam, veluti formulis, definien <lb/>do præ&longs;cribatur, numquam intelligirectè poterit, quid nam il <lb/>lud &longs;it, quod in eam di&longs;putationem, quam instituimus, cadit: <lb/><expan abbr="elem&etilde;ta">elementa</expan> ergo ea corpora &longs;unt, ex quibus fit aliquid, cui in&longs;unt: <lb/>& in quæ alia omnia corpora <expan abbr="di&longs;&longs;oluũtur">di&longs;&longs;oluuntur</expan>, & &longs;unt indiuidua, <lb/>&longs;ecundum <expan abbr="speci&etilde;">speciem</expan>: id quod ex Ari&longs;totele accipimus libro quin <lb/>to <expan abbr="diuinorũ">diuinorum</expan> particula quarta, & libro tertio de cælo, & mun <lb/>do, particula trige&longs;imaprima: In qua definitione corpus est <lb/>loco generis: quoniam omne elementum est corpus, at non om­<lb/>ne corpus e&longs;t elementum: cælum enim excipiendum e&longs;t: quod, <lb/>quamquam e&longs;t corpus, <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan> tamen, aut non dici, aut aliæ <lb/>ratione, & longe diuer&longs;a, elementum dici debet: cum ex eo <lb/>aut nihil fiat, aut alia ratione fiat: fructices, miner alia, bru­<lb/>ta, & homines, quamquam corpora &longs;unt, ab elementi tamen <lb/>definitione exploduntur: quod in ea corporaremeent, dum &longs;ol­<lb/>uuntur, ex quibus concreta fuerunt; explodenda e&longs;t etiam pri <lb/>uatio, quæ in re facta non remanet: & eam ob rem à mate­<lb/>ria differt, quæ vna cum elementis est pars rei factæ: vt vi­<lb/>dere est apud Aristotelem in calce libri primi Phy&longs;icorum. <lb/><!-- KEEP S--></s> <s>Verum quoniam elementa corpora &longs;unt vnius modi, &longs;ui vnde­<lb/>quaque &longs;imilia; quæ homogenea dicuntur, non autem dissimi­<lb/>lium partium; quæ eterogenea nuncupantur, ea corpora in­<lb/>diuidua &longs;ecundum <expan abbr="&longs;peci&etilde;">&longs;peciem</expan> appellantur: non enim in alia prio­<lb/>ra corpora di&longs;&longs;oluuntur, quæ &longs;int alterius rationis: vt caput<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/028.jpg" pagenum="9"/><emph type="italics"/>in carnem, o&longs;&longs;a, & neruos di&longs;&longs;oluitur: quæ caput non &longs;unt. <lb/></s> <s>Nec materia prima verum est elementum: cum actu &longs;it<lb/>oporteat id, quod est pars rei, quæ fit. </s> <s>Nec materia propin­<lb/>qua, quæ rebus certis accommodatur, dici poterit elementum: <lb/>quoniam in priora corpora di&longs;&longs;oluitur: e&longs;t enim elementorum <lb/>proprium &longs;implicia corpora e&longs;&longs;e, quæ ex nullis aliis corporibus<lb/>fiant, & ex quibus cætera omnia conflentur: id fieri certè non <lb/>po&longs;&longs;et, &longs;i elementa ex corporibus componerentur: cum duo, <lb/>pluraue corpora in vno &longs;ubiecto, & loco existere non queant. <lb/></s> <s>Non tamen putet quis elementa &longs;ic &longs;implicia e&longs;&longs;e, vt nulla <expan abbr="cõ-cretione">con­<lb/>cretione</expan> con&longs;tare dicantur; habent enim materiam, & for­<lb/>mam, id, quod ex eorum mutua, & frequenti mutatione iudi <lb/>care licet; quæ ab&longs;que &longs;ubiacente materia & ab&longs;que forma <lb/>habente rationem contrarij, fieri non po&longs;&longs;e inficias ibit nemo: <lb/>cum ex nihilo nihil fiat, iuxta illud axioma, quod Philo&longs;ophi <lb/>omnes ad hanc v&longs;que no&longs;tram ætatem dederunt. </s> <s>Materia er <lb/>go vel &longs;ecunda, vel propinqua, vel proxima, vel quouis alio no­<lb/>mine appellata elementum non est, &longs;ed corpus e&longs;t ex elemen­<lb/>tis conflatum; & hæc vnà cum corporibus, quorum est mate­<lb/>ria, in elementa illa di&longs;&longs;oluitur, ex quibus conficitur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Nec Anaxagoræ corpora, quæ <expan abbr="cõ&longs;imiles">con&longs;imiles</expan> actu habent par <lb/>tes infinitas: vt carnem, o&longs;&longs;a, neruos, lapides, ligna, ceter á que <lb/>id genus, con&longs;imilium quamquam partium, elementa tamen <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e po&longs;&longs;unt.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Nec Democriti, Leucippi, & Epicuri indiuidua illa cor­<lb/>pu&longs;cula, quæ per medium hoc innane &longs;pacium volitant, inter <lb/>elementa relata vmquam erunt: quoniam hæc corpora &longs;une <lb/>non &longs;implicia, &longs;ed ex prioribus elementorum &longs;implicibus cor­<lb/>poribus conflata.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Nec corpora dissimilium partium, vt manus, brachium,<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/029.jpg" pagenum="10"/><emph type="italics"/>put, & cætera &longs;unt elementa: quoniam hæc (vti diximus) <lb/>in alia priora corpora reuertuntur, cum intereunt, ex quibus <lb/>facta fuerunt.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Hæc de elementorum definitione breuiter dixi&longs;&longs;e &longs;ufficiat: <lb/>quia elementa nec quatenus <expan abbr="elem&etilde;ta">elementa</expan>, nec quatenus ex ei&longs;dem <lb/>mixta conflantur, in hodiernam hanc quæstionem accer&longs;ita <lb/>fuerunt: &longs;ed tantum vel vt grauia &longs;unt, vel leuia; in&longs;tabilem­<lb/>que illorum naturam &longs;ur&longs;um, deor&longs;um commeantem per&longs;e­<lb/>quemur: eam ob cau&longs;am &longs;olius elementi quatenus vel graue <lb/>e&longs;t, vel leue definitio long a oratione &longs;uo loco, & tempore con­<lb/>texta, narrabitur: adaperta etiam definitione grauitatis, <lb/>& leuitatis vt infra videbimus.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head"> <s>De numero elementorum. </s> <s>Caput VII.<!-- KEEP S--></s></p><p type="main"> <s>N<emph type="italics"/>vnc ad <expan abbr="aliã">aliam</expan> <expan abbr="quæ&longs;tionē">quæ&longs;tionem</expan> aggredimur, quæ ad numerum <lb/>corporum grauium, & <expan abbr="leuiũ">leuium</expan>, quæ &longs;implicia &longs;unt, perti <lb/>net: præ&longs;ertim quoniam omnis di&longs;putatio de grauibus, <lb/>& leuibus futura e&longs;t. </s> <s>Ante igitur inuenire oportet quot &longs;int, <lb/>& illis mediis, quæ ab Ari&longs;totele v&longs;urpantur, in his quæ de cæ <lb/>lo, & degeneratione. </s> <s>Ac primo non e&longs;&longs;e vnum tantum gra­<lb/>ue, & leue elementum, plures motus recti, <expan abbr="&longs;ecũdum">&longs;ecundum</expan> quos plu­<lb/>ra elementa mouentur, <expan abbr="o&longs;t&etilde;dunt">o&longs;tendunt</expan>. </s> <s>Nam quod vnicum, & &longs;im <lb/>plex e&longs;t, ad plura loca, eademque contraria natura ferri non <lb/>po&longs;&longs;e, demon&longs;trat Ari&longs;toteles libro primo de cælo, & mundo: <lb/>ex eo quod vnius corporis &longs;implicis vnicus est motus &longs;implex: <lb/>&longs;icut vnius motus &longs;implicis <expan abbr="vnicũ">vnicum</expan> e&longs;t corpus &longs;implex. </s> <s>Ad hæc <lb/>commutatio omnis tolleretur, &longs;i vnum tantum e&longs;&longs;et elemen­<lb/>tum, non enim haberet à quo afficeretur, cum à &longs;e ip&longs;o affici <lb/>non possit; &longs;ed omne, quod afficitur, à contrario afficitur: at<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/030.jpg" pagenum="11"/><emph type="italics"/>vno in toto orbe exi&longs;tente elemente, aliquid illi e&longs;&longs;e contrarium <lb/>natura non &longs;uffert.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Neque plura, vnius &longs;imilisque rationis &longs;i fuerint <expan abbr="elem&etilde;ta">elementa</expan>, <lb/>inuicem agent: &longs;ed mutuo &longs;e fouebunt, tamquam vnum &longs;int. <lb/></s> <s>Quinimmo &longs;i forte in <expan abbr="elem&etilde;to">elemento</expan>, quod vnum e&longs;&longs;e po&longs;itum fuerit, <lb/>contrariæ qualitates inueniantur, ni&longs;i in elementis pariter &longs;ub <lb/>&longs;tantiæ &longs;int diuer&longs;æ, diuer&longs;is, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> contrariis affectionum quali <lb/>tatibus &longs;ubiectæ, &longs;uo illæ qualitates vicissim pugnantes con­<lb/>gre&longs;&longs;u nec hilum quidem illud vnum mutabunt: nam, vt diui­<lb/>nus Plato in &longs;uis de republica libris &longs;crip&longs;it. </s> <s>Quod in &longs;e ip&longs;o, & <lb/>quod à &longs;e ip&longs;o non patitur, nec ab alio quopiam patietur: cum <lb/>in &longs;e cau&longs;am ge&longs;tet, quam ob rem pati non possit: & quam ob <lb/>rem &longs;ibi &longs;emper præ&longs;to &longs;it, &longs;e &longs;emper &longs;aluum e&longs;&longs;e velit: ab alio <lb/>ergo quod patitur, eodemque <expan abbr="cõtrario">contrario</expan> patiatur oportet id om­<lb/>ne, quod patitur: qui diuini Platonis locus, quomodo intelligi <lb/>debeat, infra, Deo dante, videbitur. </s> <s>Nunc &longs;cire &longs;at est, vnum <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e vniu&longs;modi elementum non po&longs;&longs;e: ne commutationes tol­<lb/>lantur: vt Hyppocrates, & Galenus probant in libro de ele­<lb/>mentis, & in altero libro de natura humana. </s> <s>His igitur argu <lb/>mentis tamquam fu&longs;tibus opinio illa vti fal&longs;a, & nulla ratione <lb/>ferenda, exploditur: quæ vnum tantum elementum e&longs;&longs;e dicit. <lb/></s> <s>Non e&longs;&longs;e duo &longs;implicia elementorum corpora inde intelligere <lb/>licet, quod non tantum duo &longs;unt loca, ad quæ &longs;implicia hæc cor <lb/>pora tendant, & in quibus po&longs;tquam ad illa peruenerint, om­<lb/>nino quie&longs;cant: nec vna tantum est prima contrariorum re­<lb/>pugnantia; vt infra dicetur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Non e&longs;&longs;e tria tantum elementa duæ primæ contrariorum <lb/>repugnantiæ docent, quæ inter tria extrema inueniri non po&longs;­<lb/>&longs;unt: nec tantum tria &longs;unt loca, ad quæ hæc &longs;implicia elemen­<lb/>ta duce natura <expan abbr="ferãtur">ferantur</expan>, & a quibus contra <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> di&longs;cedant.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><pb xlink:href="011/01/031.jpg" pagenum="12"/><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Non e&longs;&longs;e numero infinita elementa, finiti motus recti na­<lb/>turales &longs;ecundum quos finita elementa cientur, planè demon <lb/>&longs;trant: in infinito enim nullæ locorum differentiæ e&longs;&longs;e po&longs;&longs;unt; <lb/>at quicquid mouetur, certos habeat atque definitos locos opor <lb/>tet, vnde profici&longs;catur, per quos tendat, & quo feratur: vt pro <lb/>batum e&longs;t libro tertio, & quarto de phy&longs;ico auditu.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Quatuor ergo tantum nec plura &longs;unt elementa &longs;implicia: <lb/>quod probatur argumento Aristotelis libro primo, & quar­<lb/>to de cælo particula quadrage&longs;imaquarta, & libro &longs;ecundo <lb/>de generatione particula vige&longs;ima&longs;ecunda.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Duæ tantum &longs;unt lineæ &longs;implices, rotunda certè, & recta: <lb/>ergo duo tantum erunt motus &longs;implices: quorum prior &longs;uper <lb/>lineam rotundam, po&longs;terior verò &longs;uper lineam rectam &longs;it. <lb/></s> <s>Non plures duobus &longs;unt motus &longs;implices: ergo non plures duo <lb/>bus &longs;unt eorum fines, ad quos &longs;implicia corpora tendant: alter <lb/>ad primum illum motum &longs;implicem pertinet corporis illius, <lb/>quod vniuer&longs;itatis natura ad volubilitatem rotundauit, idque <lb/>ita tornauit, vt nihil effici possit aut rotundius, aut æquè rotun <lb/>dum: illud numquam ad finem, &longs;ed &longs;emper in fine natura <lb/>cietur: quod primo Metheorologicorum in principio ab Ari <lb/>&longs;totele &longs;cribitur; motus verò po&longs;terior illius e&longs;t corporis, quod <lb/>numquam in fine, verum &longs;emper ad finem natura <expan abbr="cõcitatur">concitatur</expan>: <lb/>vel in fine eadem natura quie&longs;cit. </s> <s>Hinc duo tantum e&longs;&longs;e &longs;im­<lb/>plicia corpora &longs;cimus: primum cæle&longs;te, atque diuinum; quod <lb/>perpetuis &longs;æculorum <expan abbr="cõuer&longs;ionibus">conuer&longs;ionibus</expan> conuerti demon&longs;tratum e&longs;t <lb/>ab Ari&longs;totele libro octauo Phy&longs;icorum. <!-- KEEP S--></s> <s>Alterum e&longs;t elemen <lb/>torum corpus, quod aliquando stat immotum aliquando verò <lb/>mouetur. </s> <s>Quæ non mouentur <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> corpora; vel extra <lb/>naturalem eorum locum, quo minus moueantur, impediun­<lb/>tur; velin loco naturali natura quie&longs;cunt: quod natura in eis<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/032.jpg" pagenum="13"/><emph type="italics"/>non tantum motus, &longs;ed etiam status principium e&longs;&longs;e demon­<lb/>strauerit Ari&longs;toteles in principio libri &longs;ecundi Phy&longs;icorum, <lb/>vt infra notum fiet. </s> <s>Corpus diuinum, rotundamque illius con <lb/>uer&longs;ionum, <expan abbr="acperenn&etilde;">acperennem</expan> concitationem omittimus: nam ad res, <lb/>quæ &longs;unt natura æternæ, & ad earumdem numquam interi­<lb/>turas conuer&longs;iones, humilis hæc nostra di&longs;ceptatio non a&longs;&longs;ur­<lb/>git, &longs;ed ferè &longs;erpit humi, & vix ad ea tantum attollitur, quæ <lb/>&longs;unt &longs;ub luna: infra quam ea linea est, quam nos rectam ap­<lb/>pellauimus: cuius rectus e&longs;t motus, & cuius vnicum <expan abbr="&longs;paciũ">&longs;pacium</expan> e&longs;t <lb/>per quod mobilia &longs;eu &longs;ur&longs;um, &longs;eu deor&longs;um feruntur: quod à <lb/>luna & centro intercipitur. </s> <s>Hæc linea ex vtraque parte fi­<lb/>nita cum &longs;it, duos fines nece&longs;&longs;ariò habet, &longs;uperiorem alterum, <lb/>qui lunæ globum attingit: & alterum inferiorem qui ad <expan abbr="v&longs;q.">v&longs;que</expan> <lb/>totius mundi centrum de&longs;cendit: duo itaque termini &longs;unt mo­<lb/>tus illius, qui &longs;uper lineam rectam fit, alter &longs;upremus, qui à <lb/>medio nuncupatur, alter infimus, qui ad medium dicitur: er­<lb/>go duo &longs;unt &longs;implicia corpora, quæ ad hos fines &longs;uper hanc li­<lb/>neam <expan abbr="rectã">rectam</expan>, et &longs;implicem, aut ad &longs;uperum locum &longs;ur&longs;um aut <lb/>ad inferum deor&longs;um feruntur: hæc vel grauia, vel leuia ne­<lb/>ce&longs;&longs;ariò &longs;unt: grauia deor&longs;um de&longs;cendunt, leuia &longs;ur&longs;um a&longs;cen <lb/>dunt: grauia, & leuia aut ab&longs;olutè grauia, & leuia &longs;unt, aut <lb/>comparatè: vt &longs;ola terra ab&longs;olutè grauis est; & &longs;olus ignis ab­<lb/>&longs;olutè leuis e&longs;&longs;e dicitur: comparatè, vt aer in loco ignis e&longs;t gra­<lb/>uis, in loco aquæ, & terræ e&longs;t leuis: aqua e&longs;t leuis in loco terræ <lb/>& e&longs;t grauis in loco ignis, & aeris: hæc duo &longs;implicia elemen­<lb/>torum corpora comparatè grauia, & leuia, qua&longs;i media cen­<lb/>&longs;entur, inter ea, quæ grauia, & leuia &longs;unt ab&longs;olutè, quod natu <lb/>ra ab extremo ad extremum &longs;ine omnibus, aut &longs;ine aliquibus <lb/>&longs;altem mediis, vt meminit Auerroes libro &longs;ecundo de anima, <lb/>progredi non &longs;oleat. </s> <s>Quatuor igitur grauia & leuia corpora<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/033.jpg" pagenum="14"/><emph type="italics"/>nuncupantur terra, aqua, aer, & ignis: quia tamen duas <lb/>motiones &longs;implices habent, duasque omnine &longs;implices qualita­<lb/>tes, grauitatem certè & leuitatem, duo e&longs;&longs;e &longs;implicia corpora <lb/>dicuntur, quæ recto motu cientur: id ex quatuor qualitatum <lb/>coniugatione Ari&longs;toteles probat libro &longs;ecundo de ortu, & in­<lb/>teritu particula decima&longs;exta, vige&longs;imatertia, & trige&longs;ima­<lb/>quarta; hæc non ni&longs;iquatuor modis coniungi po&longs;&longs;unt: calidi­<lb/>tas, & &longs;iccitas in igne: caliditas, & humiditas in aere: frigi­<lb/>ditas, & humiditas in aqua: frigiditas, & &longs;iccitas in terra: <lb/>frigidisas, & caliditas, humiditas, & &longs;iccitas, quod e&longs;t contra­<lb/>riorum <expan abbr="propriũ">proprium</expan>, &longs;e vicissim de&longs;truunt: quam ob rem nec quin­<lb/>tum, nec &longs;extum elementum faciunt: ergo quatuor tan­<lb/>tum &longs;unt elementa, vt probare polliciti &longs;umus.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head"> <s>Elementa vi, naturaque propria de loco ad lo­<lb/>cum concitari. </s> <s>Caput VIII.<!-- KEEP S--></s></p><p type="main"> <s>QVONIAM <emph type="italics"/>veterrimi illi Philo&longs;ophi, à quibus vni­<lb/>uer&longs;a Philo&longs;ophia manauit, hanc veritatem minimè <lb/>a&longs;&longs;ecuti fuerunt, planum hoc loco facere <expan abbr="cõ&longs;titui">con&longs;titui</expan>: num <lb/>omnia &longs;implicia elementa naturalem, ac proprium motum ha <lb/>beant: nam &longs;i eumdem non habent; non est cur quæramus, a <lb/>quo nam moueantur: &longs;i verò hæc naturalem motum habere <lb/>demon&longs;tr atum fuerit; hinc nobis quærendi an&longs;am nactis peri <lb/>culum facere licuerit: an particularem, ac proprium elemen <lb/>torum motorem inuenire possimus. </s> <s>Eadem itaque naturalia <lb/>corpora, qua naturalia &longs;unt, propria quadam vi de loco adlo <lb/>cum moueri demonstrat Ari&longs;toteles libro primo de cælo par­<lb/>ticula quinta: quia natura in eis e&longs;t <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> motus; id quod <lb/>con&longs;titutum e&longs;t libro &longs;ecundo Phy&longs;icorum.<emph.end type="italics"/><!-- KEEP S--></s></p><pb xlink:href="011/01/034.jpg" pagenum="15"/><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Huic alteram rationem à motu, & quiete petitam addi­<lb/>mus; quæ tertio libro de cælo particula duodeuige&longs;ima, & vn­<lb/>deuige&longs;ima, & deinceps ab Aristotele literis con&longs;ignatur, <lb/>ea autem est.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Cumomnia naturalia corpora moueri nemo &longs;it, qui inficias <lb/>ire audeat; propterea quod nullum e&longs;&longs;e naturale corpus, quod <lb/>non moueatur, tum &longs;en&longs;ibus, vel etiam ip&longs;is comprehendimus, <lb/>tum ratione naturæ, quæ in eis e&longs;t principium motus; vt dixi­<lb/>mus; naturalium corporum motum con&longs;titutum in di&longs; qui&longs;itio <lb/>nem accer&longs;imus, & quærimus naturalis ne, an violentus &longs;it <lb/>motus, quo moueantur: &longs;i violentus &longs;it motus, quo in aliquem <lb/>locum contra naturam truduntur, ergo motus naturalis illi <lb/>contrarius reperirinece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t; nam violentum illud dicitur, <lb/>quod contra naturam fit: vt ignis qui contra naturam deor­<lb/>&longs;um præceps ruit, motu priori contrario naturaliter in &longs;ubli­<lb/>me nitetur: ergo in elementis naturalis inest motus.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Nec non ab ip&longs;amet quiete argumentum facilè petimus; <lb/>quo naturalem in corporibus &longs;impicibus elementorum ine&longs;&longs;e <lb/>motum confirmemus.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Si natur alia elementorum corpora in aliquo loco <expan abbr="quie&longs;cũt">quie&longs;cunt</expan>; <lb/>quærimus, vtrum ne violentia, an vero natura ibi maneant: <lb/>&longs;i violentia; ergo ad eum locum violentia feruntur, quemadmo <lb/>dum in eo loco natura con&longs;i&longs;tunt, ad quem natura tendunt: at <lb/>notum e&longs;t ita, vt nulli &longs;ua domus not a magis, terram in medio <lb/>natura quie&longs;cere; ergo terram ad medium natura ferrine­<lb/>ce&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t, ergo motus naturalis est in elementorum corpore na <lb/>turali. </s> <s>Quod &longs;i violentia in medio terra maneat; ergo aliquid <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t, quod terram &longs;ur&longs;um euolare prohibeat. </s> <s>Tum <lb/>quærimus, an id, quod prohibet, <expan abbr="immotũid">immotunid</expan> muneris ab&longs;oluat; <lb/>an dum mouetur, atque vtrumque, vel natur aliter, vel violen-<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/035.jpg" pagenum="16"/><emph type="italics"/>tia: quapropter vel in infinitum, quod cane peius, & angue <lb/>natura odit, progredi opus erit, vel terram in centro natura <lb/>quie&longs;cere concedendum; &longs;i terra in centro natura con&longs;i&longs;tit, er <lb/>go ad centrum natura mouetur: quod de terra diximus, de <lb/>cæteris omnibus elementis audiri volumus, ergo terræ, & cæ­<lb/>terorum omnium elementorum motus e&longs;t naturalis, ergo ele, <lb/>menta vi, naturaque propria de loco ad locum concitantur; <lb/>quod probandum &longs;u&longs;cepimus.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head"> <s>Contra Empedoclem, qui dixit terram à celeri <lb/>cæli conuer&longs;ione prohiberi, quo minus <lb/>moueatur. </s> <s>Cap. IX.<!-- KEEP S--></s> </p><p type="main"> <s>S<emph type="italics"/>ed quoniam no&longs;tram &longs;ententiam &longs;tabilire minimè vale­<lb/>mus, ni&longs;i prius fal&longs;as aliorum opiniones, & &longs;i non omni ali <lb/>qua &longs;altem ex parte confutauerimus, nam ea&longs;dem omni <lb/>no confutare no stra non intere&longs;&longs;e &longs;upra diximus; breuibus at­<lb/>tingendum e&longs;t, & veluti celerrimo quodam cur&longs;u per quorum <lb/>dam opiniones tran&longs;eundum, ac videndum quid de elemento­<lb/>rum natura, motu, & quiete crediderint ij, qui Aristotelem <lb/>præce&longs;&longs;ere Philo&longs;ophi: nam in hac re &longs;icut in cæteris valde di&longs; <lb/>&longs;entientes fuerunt.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Empedocli, propterea quod dixit, terram non moueri, eius <lb/>demque motum à celerrima cæli conuer&longs;ione prohiberi, quo <lb/>minus fiat: hæc incommoditas, accidit: quod &longs;i cælum in <expan abbr="orb&etilde;">orbem</expan> <lb/>celerrimè non conuerteretur, terram eò natura ferrinece&longs;&longs;e <lb/>e&longs;&longs;et, quo ni&longs;i concitata cæli conuer&longs;io eamdem impediret, &longs;pon <lb/>te profici&longs;ceretur: at locus illæ, quo terra tenderet, per infi­<lb/>nitum interuallum non di&longs;tat: quia nulli dubium e&longs;t, quin infi­<lb/>nitum pertran&longs;iri minimè queat: Itaque terram aliquò natu<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/036.jpg" pagenum="17"/><emph type="italics"/>raperuenire, & postquam eò natura peruenerit, ibi natura <lb/>manere nece&longs;&longs;e quidem est: non violentia, quia à celerrima <lb/>cæli conuer&longs;ione per violentiam impediebatur, quo minus cò <lb/>natura moueretur; ergo terra ad aliquem locum natura mo­<lb/>ueiur, ad eum certè, in quo natura quie&longs;cit, & extra quem, <lb/>aut violentia truditur, at po&longs;tquam extru&longs;a fuerit, ibi violen <lb/>tia manet, dum impeditur, quo minus eò reuertatur, vnde vio <lb/><expan abbr="lentiã">lentiam</expan> pa&longs;&longs;a fuit extru&longs;a: ergo terra, qua corpus naturale e&longs;t <lb/>naturalem, ac proprium motum habet, quo ad proprium <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> <lb/>fertur: vnde a celeri cæli <expan abbr="cõuer&longs;ione">conuer&longs;ione</expan> truditur: ergo hic locus, in <lb/>quo nunc terra manet, non est ei naturalis; &longs;ed alter, vnde <lb/>trudebatur. </s> <s>at quoniam Empedocleam <expan abbr="hãc">hanc</expan> opinionem infra <lb/>capite quadrage&longs;imoprimo vberius di&longs;putabimus; cætera, quæ <lb/>hic de&longs;iderantur v&longs;que in eum locum transferuntur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head"> <s>Democriti, Leucippi, & Epicuri indiuidua elemen <lb/>ta non ca&longs;u, nec temerè moueri. </s> <s>Cap. X.<!-- KEEP S--></s> </p><p type="main"> <s>ADVERSVS <emph type="italics"/>Leucippum, Democritum, & Epicu­<lb/>rum, quos imitatus est Lucretius, qui dicunt atomos, <lb/>& prima illa eorum indiuidua elementa, quæ per &longs;pa­<lb/>cium inane infinitum infinito tempore, ca&longs;u, ac temerè voli­<lb/>tant, & alia ab aliis per violentiam impelluntur, po&longs;&longs;et ali­<lb/>quis fortassis dicere.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Si hæc indiuidua ramenta &longs;e violentia vicissim impellunt; <lb/>quis nam est eorum motus natur alis? </s> <s>nam violentum id dici­<lb/>tur, quod est contra naturam, vt auctor e&longs;t Aristoteles tum <lb/>quinto de generatione animalium capite vltimo: tum quinto <lb/>diuinorum particula &longs;exta: primo etiam cæli, & &longs;æpenume­<lb/>ro alibi: &longs;i naturalem atomorum motum assignauerint, non<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/037.jpg" pagenum="18"/><emph type="italics"/>violenta, &longs;ednaturalimotione, quæ motionem illam violen­<lb/>tam præcedat, prius <expan abbr="mouebũtur">mouebuntur</expan>; &longs;in verò naturalem corpu&longs;cu <lb/>lorum motum assignare non quiuerint, tunc contra eo&longs;dem <lb/>firmiori hæc ratione agemus. </s> <s>Violentum (vt diximus) illud <lb/>est, quod contra naturam fit, &longs;ed atomi aliæ ab aliis violen­<lb/>tia impelluntur; ergo atomi motum aliquem naturalem ha­<lb/>bent priorem, contra quem violentia impelli dicuntur: nam &longs;i <lb/>violentum id e&longs;t, quod contra naturam fit; naturale prius e&longs;t <lb/>violento: ergo tunc, cum naturalis motio violentam atomo­<lb/>rum impul&longs;ionem natura præcedit, indiuidua hæc naturalia <lb/>Democriti, Leucippi, Epicuri, & Lucretij elementa natura­<lb/>lem, ac proprium motum habere nece&longs;&longs;e est: quem eos nulla <lb/>ratione noui&longs;&longs;e constat.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head"> <s>Contra Platonem, & Hermetem Tri&longs;megi&longs;tum, <lb/>qui chaos illud antiquum finxerunt. </s> <s>C. XI.<!-- KEEP S--></s></p><p type="main"> <s>DIVINVS <emph type="italics"/>ille Plato in Timeo, Hexiodus in Theo­<lb/>gnia, & Orpheus in Argonautica &longs;crip&longs;erunt, elemen <lb/>ta ante <expan abbr="conditũ">conditum</expan> mundum &longs;ine vllo ordine iactata fui&longs;&longs;e <lb/>per medium illud chaos antiquum, quod termaximus finxe­<lb/>rat Hermes. </s> <s>Hos vt dicant compellimus: natura ne, an vis il­<lb/>lum confu&longs;ionis motum conciliarit? </s> <s>&longs;i vim eumdem concilia­<lb/>ui&longs;&longs;e velint: motionem illam naturalem demon&longs;trare cogen­<lb/>tur, quam hac violenta motione priorem e&longs;&longs;e oporteat; &longs;i vio­<lb/>lentum illud e&longs;t, quod contra naturam fit, vt non rarò &longs;crip&longs;i­<lb/>mus, quam cum demon&longs;trare non possint; nec motionem po­<lb/>steriorem, quæ nullibi e&longs;t, demon&longs;trare poterunt: po&longs;terius <lb/>enim &longs;ine priori e&longs;&longs;e natura non patitur, vt dictum est quinto <lb/>diuinorum particula duodecima, & decima&longs;exta. </s> <s>Simotio<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/038.jpg" pagenum="19"/><emph type="italics"/>hæc e&longs;t naturalis, ergo ordinata ab vno principio, à quo mobi­<lb/>le moueri incipit, & per vnum medium, per quod mobile fer­<lb/>tur, & advnum terminum, ad quem mobile tendit. </s> <s>Natura <lb/>enim non tantum e&longs;t ordinis cau&longs;a, &longs;ed etiam ordinata ab vno <lb/>principio, per vnum medium, & ad vnum finem: vt notum e&longs;t <lb/>ex his, quæ literis con&longs;ignata &longs;unt libro octauo de Phy&longs;ico audi <lb/>tu particula decimaquinta, & alibi&longs;æpe. </s> <s>verum hic ordo est <lb/>forma mundi, vt demon&longs;trat Alexander Aphrodi&longs;ien&longs;is li­<lb/>bro &longs;ecundo quæ&longs;tionum natur alium capite decimonono; ergo <lb/>dum erat illud chaos antiquum, antequam mundus condere­<lb/>tur, erat mundus, quia tunc erat forma mundi, quæ dat e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>mundo: quod quis non intelligit e&longs;&longs;e maxime ab&longs;urdum? </s> <s>imo <lb/>huiu&longs;modi vt ri&longs;um moueat: qua dere copio&longs;ius agemus infra <lb/>capite quadrage&longs;imoquarto.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head"> <s>Aduer&longs;us immobiles partes con&longs;imiles, quas com­<lb/>mentus e&longs;t Anaxagoras. </s> <s>Cap. XII.<!-- KEEP S--></s> </p><p type="main"> <s>ANAXAGORAS <emph type="italics"/>mundum genitum finxit ab ini­<lb/>tio ex corporibus, quæ &longs;imul erant congregata, & tran <lb/>quilla manebant, ac post quietem per motum di&longs;gre­<lb/>gata fuerunt: vnum quodque enim in vno quoque abditum la <lb/>tebat, & <expan abbr="trãquilla">tranquilla</expan> pace fruebatur: deinde quæ abdita in vno <lb/>quoque latebant, emerxerunt efficacitate mentis, à quarecon <lb/>dita elici cæperunt, quemadmodum ex colli&longs;ione ferri ab ho­<lb/>minis manu ex &longs;ilice ignem elidi videmus: dixit etiam Ana­<lb/>xagoras ab eo, quod in confu&longs;ione exuperat, & quod magis <lb/>&longs;pectatur, vnumquodque vocari: vt lignumideo lignum dici­<lb/>tur, non quod infinitè omnium rerum partes in ligno non lati­<lb/>tent, &longs;ed quod ea pars, quæ cæter as vincit, & quæ <expan abbr="&longs;pectantiũ">&longs;pectantium</expan><emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/039.jpg" pagenum="20"/><emph type="italics"/>oculis magis exponitur, est lignum. </s> <s>Vnumquodque ex vno­<lb/>quoque &longs;egregari non Anaxagoras modo, &longs;ed & Theophra­<lb/>stus vi&longs;us est aliquando dixi&longs;&longs;e: cum à quibu&longs;dam quorum­<lb/>dam hominum oculis exeuntes flammas micare &longs;crip&longs;erit: & <lb/>Megetius Atedicus Alexandrinus quondam Simplicio nar­<lb/>rauit, &longs;e <expan abbr="homin&etilde;">hominem</expan> abi&longs;chiadis dolore curaui&longs;&longs;e, ex cuius i&longs;chio <lb/>ignis exiuit, qui <expan abbr="&longs;pectãtium">&longs;pectantium</expan> oculos combussit; à ligno quidam <lb/>ignem eliciunt: dum alterum lignum tamquam terebrum in <lb/>lignum alterum circumuoluunt. </s> <s>Verùm hæc aliam habent <lb/>cau&longs;am ab ea, quam (vt alio loco diximus) veram ab Anaxa <lb/>goracreditam e&longs;&longs;e longeque diuer&longs;am comperimus.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Nunc ad Anaxagoram à quo di&longs;cessimus, reuertimur: <lb/>contra quem eadem ex quiete argumenta petuntur, quæ alia <lb/>ratione ex motu petipo&longs;&longs;e videbantur: Nam &longs;i quæ in vno­<lb/>quoque abdita corpora quie&longs;cunt; aut natura, aut violentia <lb/>quie&longs;cunt: &longs;i natura, grauia in centro, & leuia &longs;ub cælo ne­<lb/>ce&longs;&longs;ariò quie&longs;cere debere, non e&longs;t qui dubitet, nec aliò natura <lb/>ferri, nec alibi natura manere quidem po&longs;&longs;unt: & ij fines <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan> <lb/>partes mundi: ergo mundus non dum genitus e&longs;t, priu&longs;quam <lb/>gignatur: &longs;iante conditum mundum corpora, quæ recondita <lb/>latebant, violentia quie&longs;cebant; cum violentum &longs;it id, quod ab <lb/>extrin&longs;eco vim inferente fit: quod extrin&longs;ecum nihil id, cuivis <lb/>infertur adiuuat; vt &longs;criptum reliquit Ari&longs;toteles tertio libro <lb/>cthicorum capite &longs;ecundo, nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t vt &longs;it locus ex quo corpo­<lb/>ra violentiam pa&longs;&longs;a trudantur: & in quo natura maneant: <lb/>antequam trudantur: nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t etiam, vt antequam mun­<lb/>dus generetur, id &longs;it, quod vim infert, cum &longs;it id, cui vis infer­<lb/>tur; verum hæc omnia &longs;unt partes mundi: ergo mundus non <lb/>dum genitus e&longs;t antequam gignatur, quæ &longs;i &longs;unt, vt certè &longs;unt <lb/>ab&longs;urda, & in iis, quæ fieri minime po&longs;&longs;unt; ab&longs;urda, & in iis,<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/040.jpg" pagenum="21"/><emph type="italics"/>quæ fierinon queunt, erit &longs;ententia Anaxagoræ: & &longs;ola A­<lb/>ri&longs;totelis inexpugnabilis veritas laudibus extollenda: qui dixis <lb/>in vnoquoque elemento, immo in vnoquoque corpore naturali <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e motum naturalem, quo non violenter, non contra <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, <lb/>&longs;ed &longs;ua propria &longs;ponte ea corpora moueantur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head"> <s>In Parmenidem vbi de nece&longs;sitate cau&longs;æ mouen­<lb/>tis, deque idearum vanitate agitur. </s> <s>Cap. XIII.<!-- KEEP S--></s> </p><p type="main"> <s>PARMENIDES <emph type="italics"/>&longs;uum illud vnum, quod omnia e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>constantissimè affirmauit, hoc argumento, nullo motu <lb/>cieri po&longs;&longs;e probauit. </s> <s>Omne, quod mouetur (ait) per &longs;pa <lb/>cium innane mouetur: extra quod nihil moueri pote&longs;t: &longs;ed &longs;pa­<lb/>cium innane non datur: ergo nihil mouetur: ergo omnia, quæ <lb/>&longs;unt vnum, nullo motu cieri po&longs;&longs;unt. </s> <s>Confirmari valet Par­<lb/>menidis opinio: quia omne, quod mouetur, ab vno moueri inci <lb/>pit, per vnum medium fertur, & ad vnum terminum tendit, <lb/>quæ nece&longs;&longs;ariò e&longs;&longs;e distincta oportet: inde colligere licet; quod <lb/>mobile non e&longs;t idem cum eo, à quo, & ad quod, & per quod fit <lb/>motus: &longs;ed hæc quatuor inter &longs;e maximè differunt: verum <lb/>omnia e&longs;&longs;e vnum, quæcumque &longs;int illa, Parmenides constan­<lb/>ti&longs;simè credit: ergo nihil mouetur: His mediis motum ab vni <lb/>uer&longs;a natura abstuli&longs;&longs;e Parmenides putat. </s> <s>Sed errat propte <lb/>rea quod, non &longs;emel, &longs;ed &longs;æpenumero idpetit, quod erat in prin <lb/>cipio: &longs;unt enim tamquam axiomata apud Parmenidem per <lb/>&longs;e nota. </s> <s>Nihil e&longs;&longs;e inane, & omne quod mouetur, per ina­<lb/>ne &longs;pacium &longs;olummodo cieri: quæ duo tantum ab e&longs;t, vt &longs;int <lb/>per&longs;e nota, vt demo&longs;tratione indigeant: quo fit, vt ex illis dua­<lb/>bus propo&longs;itionibus, quarum altera ob&longs;curissima illa quidem <lb/>est, altera verò fal&longs;issima, non e&longs;&longs;e motum colligere nulla artis<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/041.jpg" pagenum="22"/><emph type="italics"/>ratio doceat: ideo probandum illi fuerat, nihil e&longs;&longs;e inane, & <lb/>omne, quod mouetur, per &longs;pacium inane moueri. </s> <s>Confirma­<lb/>tionis ea propo&longs;itio, quæ est. </s> <s>Omnia e&longs;&longs;e vnum, demo&longs;tratione <lb/>indiget: & inefficax, immo fallax ea demon&longs;tratio est, atque <lb/>captio&longs;a: quam Parmenides efficacissimam putat, dum pro­<lb/>bare nititur, Omnia e&longs;&longs;e vnum: quia, quæ &longs;unt præter ens, <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan> <lb/>non ens: quod cum illa tran&longs;cendenti entis vnitate, & multo­<lb/>rum generum, &longs;pecierum, atque indiuiduorum multitudo, <lb/>quam optimè con&longs;entit: vt aduer&longs;us Parmenidem libro primo <lb/>de Phy&longs;ico auditu Ari&longs;toteles efficacissimè <expan abbr="demõstrat">demonstrat</expan>. </s> <s>Hæc <lb/>ad materiam: Adformam, ea omnia, quæ Parmenides per <lb/>&longs;e nota axiomata put at, inficianda &longs;unt, vt fal&longs;a: aut &longs;altem <lb/>vt non probata, quæ probatione maximè indigent. </s> <s>Quapro­<lb/>pter nonnullæ Parmenidis propo&longs;itiones vt ob&longs;curæ, vt proba<lb/>tione indigentes, vt nulla ratione probatæ &longs;unt <expan abbr="derelinqu&etilde;dæ">derelinquendæ</expan>: <lb/>& nonnullæ tamquam fal&longs;æ inficiandæ: immo &longs;i &longs;pacium ina <lb/>ne daretur, quod dari Parmenides ponit, & non dari Ari&longs;to <lb/>teles probat libro quarto de Phy&longs;ico auditu, multa in eo immo <lb/>ta manerent: vt infra demon&longs;trabimus. </s> <s>In vnoquoque ergo <lb/>non tantum elemento, &longs;ed etiam corpore natur ali e&longs;t motus na <lb/>turalis, cuius principium an possit inueniri periculum facere <lb/>volumus: quoniam vt forma, & materia, quam antiqui, & &longs;i <lb/>non omni, aliqua &longs;altem ex parte de&longs;crip&longs;erunt, ad perficien­<lb/>dum motum natur alem non &longs;ufficiunt, opus e&longs;t principio ter­<lb/>tio mouente; id quod Socrates, aut quale, aut quod &longs;it, non &longs;a­<lb/>tis explicuit: dum in Phædone aliis veteribus confutatis, quod <lb/>de cau&longs;a efficiente nihil dixi&longs;&longs;ent, res omnes Idæam parti­<lb/>cipantes, propter &longs;uam &longs;peciem, ac Ideam moueri confir­<lb/>mauit. </s> <s>Verum cum eadem &longs;it cau&longs;a, quamobrem quæuis <lb/>res &longs;it, & moueatur, nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t, vt omne, quod mouetur, ab<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/042.jpg" pagenum="23"/><emph type="italics"/>Idea cuius e&longs;t particeps; moueatur: quando à materia nihil <lb/>moueripote&longs;t. </s> <s>Hæc &longs;ivera &longs;unt, nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t, vt mobilia &longs;emper, <lb/>& continenter moueantur: cum Ideæ &longs;emper eædem &longs;int, & <lb/>eodem modo affectæ: quia &longs;unt æternæ, &longs;emperque illis eo­<lb/>dem modo &longs;ubiiciuntur ea, quæ abillis mouentur: nulla ergo <lb/>ratio e&longs;t, cur aliquando moueant, aliquando non moueant: <lb/>quin etiam in his, quæ oculis cernuntur, præter &longs;peciem, atque <lb/>Ideam, aliud e&longs;&longs;e principium &longs;pectatur, quod moueat: vt do­<lb/>ctus Præceptor non Idea, &longs;ed doctrina, doctos di&longs;cipulos effi­<lb/>cit: & bonus citharædus, non Idea, &longs;ed arte pul&longs;andi citharam, <lb/>bonos citharœdos facit.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head"> <s>Redarguuntur illi, qui dicunt materiam e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>principium mouendi. </s> <s>Cap. XIIII.<!-- KEEP S--></s> </p><p type="main"> <s>N<emph type="italics"/>on minore ruina cadunt, immo pror&longs;us maiore lap&longs;u <lb/>ruunt, qui materiam dicunt, e&longs;&longs;e principium mouen­<lb/>di: hæc cum bene di&longs;ponitur (inquiunt) & qualitati­<lb/>bus illis informatur, ex quibus motus na&longs;citur, mobilia mouer. <lb/></s> <s>Sed non rectè &longs;entiunt, vt diximus; quia nihil idem cau&longs;a ef­<lb/>ficiens, & materia eiu&longs;dem e&longs;&longs;e pote&longs;t, cum materiæ <expan abbr="propriũ">proprium</expan> <lb/>&longs;it pati, ac moueri; mouere autem, & facere &longs;it alterius facul <lb/>tatis: vt &longs;criptum reliquit Aristoteles libro &longs;ecundo de ortu, <lb/>& interitu particula quinquage&longs;ima&longs;ecunda: vt aqua, quæ <lb/>à Thalete Mile&longs;io rerum omnium primum principium <expan abbr="quã-quam">quan­<lb/>quam</expan> &longs;tatuitur, non tamen &longs;e gignere, aut quauis ratione ef <lb/>ficere quicquam pote&longs;t: &longs;ed opus e&longs;t aquæ efficientem cau&longs;am <lb/>adhibere: &longs;ine qua & nihil fiet, & nihil mouebitur, vt etiam <lb/>Empedocles qui quatuor elementis materiæ vicem gerenti­<lb/>bus, concordiam, atque di&longs;cordiam, vt efficientes cau&longs;as addi-<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/043.jpg" pagenum="24"/><emph type="italics"/>dit: Anaxagoras tertio de anima particula quarta ab Ari <lb/>&longs;totele laudatus, partibus illis &longs;uis infinitis, & con&longs;imilium ra­<lb/>tionum, quæ &longs;unt cuius &longs;libet reiortus. </s> <s>& interitus materiæ, <lb/>Diuinam mentem abomni materia pror&longs;us immunem, vt ef­<lb/>ficientem cau&longs;am adhibuit. </s> <s>Democritus, Leucippus, & Epi­<lb/>curus indiuiduis corpu&longs;culis, quæ ad cuiu&longs;hbet rei ortum, mate <lb/>riæ locum tenere crediderant ca&longs;um, & fortunam, &longs;ine quo­<lb/>rum vi mouente non moueantur, addiderunt: &longs;ed quia om­<lb/>nium Philo&longs;ophorum &longs;ententias euoluere longum e&longs;&longs;et: his con <lb/>tenti, motum non à materia, &longs;ed ab alia efficiente cau&longs;a gene <lb/>rari&longs;cimus: & cos, qui id negant, hallucinari: & formambo <lb/>nam, immo optimam, atque <expan abbr="diuinã">diuinam</expan>, vt Ari&longs;toteles primo li­<lb/>bro Phy&longs;icorum particula octuage&longs;imaprima, & diuinus Pla <lb/>to in Timeo memorarunt, præcipuam omnium cau&longs;am, tolle­<lb/>re, dum in materiam efficiendi, & mouendi vim ponunt.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Præterea qualitatibus, quæ agendi &longs;unt in&longs;trumenta, mo­<lb/>uendi, & agendivim primam tradunt: dum affirmant, ma­<lb/>teriam qualitatibus informatam, atque di&longs;po&longs;itam, facere, <lb/>ac mouere: perinde ac &longs;i dicerent, &longs;erram dentatam, à denti­<lb/>bus ad &longs;ecandum di&longs;po&longs;itam, &longs;ine &longs;ectore &longs;ecare: & <expan abbr="calamũ">calamum</expan>, <lb/>ad <expan abbr="&longs;crib&etilde;dum">&longs;cribendum</expan> accomodatum, &longs;ine &longs;criptore &longs;cribere: e&longs;t enim <lb/>in &longs;erra ferrum, quod est &longs;erræ materia, & in calamo &longs;ua est <lb/>propria materia: quæ &longs;ic, vel&longs;ic di&longs;po&longs;ita, &longs;ine &longs;ectore non &longs;e­<lb/>cat, & &longs;ine &longs;criptore non &longs;cribit: quia in&longs;trumenta &longs;ine primo, <lb/>ac principali immediateque mouente non mouent: qua de re <lb/>Democritus libro &longs;ecundo de anima, quod in&longs;trumento eam <lb/>vim agendi a&longs;crip&longs;erit, quæ primo <expan abbr="ag&etilde;ti">agenti</expan> a&longs;cribenda erat, acer <lb/>rimè carpitur. </s> <s>Hunc primum, principem, immediatumque <lb/>elementorum motorem, quod non tantum, vt forma, &longs;ed <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan>, <lb/>at efficiens, ac mouens cau&longs;a moueat, in hac di&longs;iutatione, an<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/044.jpg" pagenum="25"/><emph type="italics"/>possit inueniri, periculum facere tentabimus, quia omnia &longs;im <lb/>plicia corpora recto motu mouentur, ad propria loca ferun­<lb/>tur, vt diximus, tum quia natura e&longs;t in eis principium motus, <lb/>tum quia &longs;inatura non cierentur, ergo violentia, &longs;ed violen­<lb/>tum e&longs;t contra naturam, ergo corpus, quod violentia mouetur, <lb/>natura mouetur: nihil enim violentiam patitur, quin illudna <lb/>tura prius concitetur, natura inquam, aut grauitatis, aut <lb/>leuitatis: quando omnia, aut grauia &longs;unt, aut leuia, aut alia <lb/>quapiam natura: quæ qualis nam&longs;it, &longs;i in orbe inuenitur, in­<lb/>fra manife&longs;tabitur: Præterea corpus aut natura, aut violen­<lb/>tia quie&longs;cit: &longs;i violentia, ergo natura; quia violentum est <expan abbr="cõ-tra">con­<lb/>tra</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, & nihil violentia quie&longs;cit, quin illud contra illam <lb/>violentiam natura quie&longs;cat: &longs;i natura quie&longs;cit, & ad illam <lb/>quietem natura mouetur, ergo omne corpus naturale, qua na <lb/>turale e&longs;t, à natura mouetur: at omnium motuum primus e&longs;t <lb/>motus ad locum, ergo omnia corpora naturalia, qua natura­<lb/>lia &longs;unt, ad locum à natura mouentur, non à materia, ergo ab <lb/>alio principio, quod quale nam &longs;it, infra vtiliter inuestig abi­<lb/>mus; &longs;emper enim, quomodo &longs;atis &longs;tudio&longs;is omnibus facere <lb/>possimus, nobis propo&longs;itum fuit.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head"> <s>Omnia corpora, quærecto motu mouentur, <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e aut grauia, aut leuia. </s> <s>Cap. XV.<!-- KEEP S--></s> </p><p type="main"> <s>OMNIA <emph type="italics"/>corpora naturalia naturalem motum habe­<lb/>re cum Ari&longs;totele libro primo de cælo <expan abbr="demõ&longs;tr">demon&longs;tr</expan> auimus: <lb/>quia naturam <expan abbr="hab&etilde;t">habent</expan>, quæ in eis est principium motus­<lb/>Nunc ad eam concertationem conuertimur, qua quærimus, <lb/>vtrum ne omnia corpora, quæ recto motu aguntur, &longs;int aut <lb/>grauia, aut leuia: an verò corpus naturale detur; quod &longs;ine<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/045.jpg" pagenum="26"/><emph type="italics"/>grauitate ad centrum feratur, & &longs;ur&longs;um &longs;ine leuitate ad cæ­<lb/>lum a&longs;cendat. </s> <s>Re&longs;pondeo illud non dari: nam &longs;i quod corpus <lb/>&longs;ine grauitate de&longs;cenderet, non graue, qu am graue infinitè ve <lb/>locius moueretur; quia nulla e&longs;&longs;et inter vtrumque proportio, <lb/>& &longs;i qua &longs;it, decupla con&longs;tituatur, ita vt graue velocitate vt <lb/>centum moueatur: non graue velocitate vt decem <expan abbr="cõcitetur">concitetur</expan>. <lb/></s> <s>Graue per medium duplici portione diuidatur; duplo certè mi<lb/>nor erit illius velocitas: partes quadraginta ab eo iterum au­<lb/>ferantur; decem tantum &longs;uper&longs;unt: ergo graue, & non gra­<lb/>ue æquali velocitate mouebuntur, quia velocitate vt decem, <lb/>vtrumque mouetur; partes quinque à graui iterum ab&longs;cin­<lb/>dantur; ergo non graue duplo velocius, quam graue mouebi­<lb/>tur: quod notum e&longs;t ex regulis Aristoteleis libro &longs;eptimo Phy <lb/>&longs;icorum. </s> <s>Sed hæc omnia &longs;unt fal&longs;a, & ab&longs;urda. </s> <s>Ergo dicen­<lb/>dum &longs;anè e&longs;t non dari corpus, quod &longs;ine grauitate, aut leuita­<lb/>terecto motu moueatur: &longs;ed quæcumque &longs;int illa, quæ recto <lb/>motu mouentur corpora, omnia, aut grauia, aut leuia e&longs;&longs;e con <lb/>cedendum.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head"> <s>Veterrimos, quiante Ari&longs;totelem fuere Philo&longs;o­<lb/>phos de motu, & quiete non rectè &longs;en&longs;i&longs;&longs;e. <lb/></s> <s>Caput XVI.<!-- KEEP S--></s></p><p type="main"> <s>HINC <emph type="italics"/>facilè intelligere licet veterrimos, qui ante Ari <lb/>&longs;totelem vixere Philo&longs;ophos, in hac re maximè hallu­<lb/>cinatos fui&longs;&longs;e, vt Heraclitus, qui omnia perenni, ince&longs;­<lb/>&longs;anti, indefexoque labore agitari, numquam autem quie&longs;cere <lb/>non e&longs;t veritus affirmare: cum ab Ari&longs;totele non minus per <lb/>quietis, quam per motus principium ab initio libri <expan abbr="&longs;ecũdi">&longs;ecundi</expan> Phy­<lb/>&longs;icorum natura definiendo manife&longs;tetur, & ea quæ ad locum<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/046.jpg" pagenum="27"/><emph type="italics"/>cientur, in eo loco natura <expan abbr="maneãt">maneant</expan>, ad quem natura feruntur, <lb/>& extra quem aut violentiam pa&longs;&longs;a truduntur, aut ex alie­<lb/>na materia generantur, mobileque corpus, quod ad locum ten <lb/>dit, adillum, vt ad finem, in quo &longs;istatur, natura tendat; e&longs;t <lb/>enim motus propter quietem, vt propter finem: quod in his <lb/>quæ de cælo ab Ari&longs;totele <expan abbr="demõ&longs;tratum">demon&longs;tratum</expan> fui&longs;&longs;e alibi diximus.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Parmenides Meli&longs;&longs;us, ac Zeno peccatum longè grandius <lb/>peccaui&longs;&longs;e auctor e&longs;t Ari&longs;toteles libro primo, & octauo de Phy <lb/>&longs;ico auditu: quod omnia &longs;emper quie&longs;cere, nihil vmquam mo­<lb/>ueri mordicus tenuerint: quia omnia quie&longs;cere, & eius cau­<lb/>&longs;am requirere, prætermi&longs;&longs;o &longs;en&longs;u, non tantum intellectus im­<lb/>becillitas, &longs;ed pestilens, lethali&longs;que mentis morbus &longs;it quidam: <lb/>&longs;unt enim <expan abbr="nõnulla">nonnulla</expan> certiora, <expan abbr="illu&longs;trioraq.">illu&longs;trioraque</expan> <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> vt rationem <expan abbr="vllã">vllam</expan> <lb/>expo&longs;tulent: ea quæ&longs;unt &longs;uapte natura notiora, quam vt alicu <lb/>ius vel etiam leuissime probationis indigeant, &longs;tatim non agno <lb/>&longs;cere, ridiculum e&longs;t; præ&longs;ertim apud illos, qui non de vna qua <lb/>piam re particulari, &longs;ed de toto di&longs;&longs;entiant: nec Phy&longs;ica tan­<lb/>tum, &longs;ed omnes etiam &longs;cientias, facultates, actiones, & ar­<lb/>tes funditus euertant: propterea quod omnes motum admit­<lb/>tant, qui ab illis exploditur. </s> <s>Scientiæ quidem, quæ vt libro ter <lb/>tio de anima particula trige&longs;imaoctaua Aristoteles memi­<lb/>nit, ad tripartitam rerum &longs;ectionem tripartito &longs;ecantur, quia <lb/>aliquæ circa formas à materia minimè distractas ver&longs;antur, <lb/>vt Phy&longs;ica: quæ eo quod natura &longs;it in eis motus principium, <lb/>ideo mouentur ex primo libro de cælo particula quinta: non­<lb/>nullæ in illis formis agno&longs;cendis exercentur, quæ à materia <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb/>&longs;unt auul&longs;æ, &longs;ine materia tamen con&longs;iderantur, vt Mathema <lb/>ticæ; quæ & ip&longs;æ in eo corpore, quod per &longs;e mouetur, existunt, <lb/>tertiæ vero formas omnes &longs;uo complexu <expan abbr="contin&etilde;t">continent</expan>, quæ &longs;unt ab <lb/>omni materia pror&longs;us immunes, vt &longs;unt mentes Diuinæ: quæ<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/047.jpg" pagenum="28"/><emph type="italics"/>quoniam nec per &longs;e, nec per accidens, nec per aliud <expan abbr="mou&etilde;tur">mouentur</expan>, <lb/>a motu propterea minime &longs;oluuntur; cum cæle&longs;tes globos in­<lb/>ce&longs;&longs;anter moueant; has Diuinas mentes Metaphy&longs;ica contem <lb/>platur, plures &longs;cientias his tribus excogitari non po&longs;&longs;e, propte­<lb/>rea quod <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> in plures partes omnia, quæ vniuer&longs;i ambitu coer <lb/>centur, diuidantur, &longs;criptum e&longs;t ab Ari&longs;totele libro &longs;exto Di <lb/>uinorum particula &longs;ecunda: hæ omnes, &longs;ingulæque &longs;cientiæ <lb/>ab illis, qui motum &longs;ustulerunt, tolluntur. </s> <s>Quin etiam artes <lb/>omnes corporatis instrumentis vtuntur, quæ in&longs;trumenta, ni&longs;i <lb/>motu cieantur, in artem conuenire minime quidem po&longs;&longs;unt. <lb/></s> <s>Adhæc facultates omnes, omne&longs;que di&longs;ciplinæ, & artes, quæ <lb/>ratione, & intelligentia perficiuntur ex antecedente quadam <lb/>principiorum cognitione fiunt, quod ab Aristotele &longs;criptum <lb/>est libro primo posteriorum analiticorum particula prima; <lb/>principiorum autem veritatem &longs;olo &longs;en&longs;us iudicio constare <lb/>&longs;crip&longs;it Aristoteles, tum in po&longs;terioribus analiticis, tum in <lb/>proœmio libri primi Diuinorum: verum à &longs;en&longs;ibus ad princi­<lb/>pia prius cognita, & à principiis ad conclu&longs;iones loco omnium <lb/>postremo cogno&longs;cendas &longs;ine motu non progredimur: ergo qui <lb/>motum è medio tollunt, facultates omnes, artes, atque &longs;cien­<lb/>tias è medio tollere coguntur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Anaxagoræ, & Empedocli, qui omnia quandoque moue­<lb/>ri & quandoque quie&longs;cere crediderunt, perennis, indefe&longs;&longs;a­<lb/>que, & nu&longs;quam ce&longs;&longs;ans Diuinorum corporum agitatio, & <lb/>argumenta, quæ ad motus, & totius mundi æternitatem con­<lb/>firmandam libro Phy&longs;icorum octauo in principio, & libro pri <lb/>mo de cælo in fine ab Aristotele &longs;cribuntur, tota (vt aiunt) <lb/>diametro opponuntur: ad quæ legenda lectores remittimus, <lb/>neab Ari&longs;totelis monumentis ad nostra auocare velle videa­<lb/>mur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><pb xlink:href="011/01/048.jpg" pagenum="29"/><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Contra Pithagoram, & alios, quiterram moueri, & ca­<lb/>lum quie&longs;cere docuerunt, infra capite tertio &longs;ecundæ partis, <lb/>& deinceps (diuino fauente numine) di&longs;ceptare conabimur: <lb/>contra hos, & alios veterrimæ classis Philo&longs;ophos Ari&longs;tote­<lb/>les di&longs;putator acerrimus acerrimè di&longs;putauit libro octauo Phy <lb/>&longs;icorum à particula vige&longs;imaprima v&longs;que ad vige&longs;imam&longs;epti <lb/>mam, ab Aristotelis propriis fontibus ea, quæ hic de&longs;ider an­<lb/>tur, haurire vos decet.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head"> <s>Quam difficile &longs;it definire tum graue, tum leue, <lb/>& quæ &longs;it cau&longs;a difficultatis. </s> <s>Cap. XVII.<!-- KEEP S--></s> </p><p type="main"> <s>NVMERO <emph type="italics"/>autem eorum corporum inuento, quæ &longs;im <lb/>plicia &longs;unt, & recto motu naturali mouentur, inue&longs;ti­<lb/>ganda diligentius e&longs;t tum grauium, tum leuium defi­<lb/>nitio; vt intelligatur, quid &longs;it illud, de quo di&longs;putatur, vtque <lb/>demonstrationis principium habeamus; quod nil aliud e&longs;&longs;e, <lb/>quam definitionem alibi docuimus: Huius definitionis inuen­<lb/>tio non &longs;atis commoda e&longs;t: quippe quod via, & ratio, quam <lb/>tenerein &longs;cientia tradenda, & in quauis re definienda debe­<lb/>mus, ab illustrioribus, & notioribus nobis rebus ad eas, quæ <lb/>natura illu&longs;triores, clariore&longs;que &longs;unt, progredi&longs;oleat: vt &longs;cri­<lb/>p&longs;it Ari&longs;ioteles libro primo Phy&longs;icorum particula &longs;ecunda: <lb/>at qui nobis clariores illustriore&longs;que &longs;unt actiones facultati­<lb/>bus, vt idem libro &longs;ecundo de anima particula trige&longs;imater­<lb/>tia: eam ob rem ab haxum facultatum actionibus prius expli <lb/>candis ad facultates ip&longs;as posterius contemplandas <expan abbr="progre-diendũ">progre­<lb/>diendum</expan> foret, id quod nunc fierinequit; cum harum faculta­<lb/>tum actionibus à maioribus no&longs;tris non &longs;int impo&longs;ita nomina, <lb/>ni&longs;i fortè quis leuitatis, & grauitatis actionem e&longs;&longs;e exi&longs;timet<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/049.jpg" pagenum="30"/><foreign lang="greek"><10>o)phn</foreign> <emph type="italics"/>id e&longs;t momentum, inclinationem, <expan abbr="põdus">pondus</expan>, &longs;iue nutum; quo <lb/>efficitur, vt grauia, & leuia corpora&longs;u&longs;que, deque conciten­<lb/>tur: quod quamquam ab&longs;urdum omnino non e&longs;t, nobis tamen <lb/>ad has definitiones inueniendas vel parum quidem proderit; <lb/>ideo hoc momentum, <expan abbr="inclination&etilde;">inclinationem</expan>, pondus, &longs;iue nutum pruden­<lb/>tes præterimus, & ad alia, quæ hanc no&longs;tram cau&longs;am magis <lb/>iuuent omissis ambagibus properamus.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head"> <s>Quomodo graue, & leue Plato definierit, & quo­<lb/>modo corpora ex figuris componi debere <lb/>voluerit. </s> <s>Cap. XVIII.<!-- KEEP S--></s> </p><p type="main"> <s>DIVINVS <emph type="italics"/>Plato in Timæo graue illud e&longs;&longs;e cen&longs;uit, <lb/>quod ægrè à &longs;uo loco mouetur, &longs;iue quod cum pluribus <lb/>partibus eiu&longs;dem generis, &longs;iue triangulis compluribus <lb/>con&longs;tet, difficile distrahitur: vt terra cra&longs;&longs;a cum &longs;it, ex loco <lb/>ad locum non ni&longs;i magno cum labore mouetur, & propter <lb/>eamdem cau&longs;am propria &longs;ponte quie&longs;cit. </s> <s>Contra verò le­<lb/>ue id est, quod paucis ex partibus eiu&longs;dem generis, &longs;eutrian­<lb/>gulis coaugmentatur, vt ignis, & aer tenues exi&longs;tunt, ideo­<lb/>que minimo negocio mouentur, & huc, atque illuc facilè <lb/>pelluntur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Præterea Plato &longs;tatuit aerem, ignem, & <expan abbr="aquã">aquam</expan> ex ei&longs;dem <lb/>partibus, &longs;eu triangulis constare, & inter &longs;e grauitate tan­<lb/>tum, & multitudine differe: quò fit, vt vnum illorum &longs;it le­<lb/>uius, alterum grauius: prout ex pluribus, aut ex paucioribus <lb/>partibus, &longs;eu triangulis conflatur: Nec enim Plato diuinus <lb/>put at ex locorum interuallis, vt Ari&longs;toteles ha&longs;ce grauium, <lb/>& leuium definitiones e&longs;&longs;e petendas, cum nihilin cælo verè &longs;u­<lb/>perum, nihil ibi verè inferum à Platone e&longs;&longs;e credatur, &longs;ed<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/050.jpg" pagenum="31"/><emph type="italics"/>tantum relatione quadam, quod cælum rotundum &longs;it, & in <lb/>ab&longs;oluti orbis &longs;peciem ita efformatum, vt nihil inueniri possit <lb/>aut rotundius, aut æque rotundum, & propterea nullam con <lb/>trariam partium po&longs;itionem habeat: ideo hæc locorum inter­<lb/>ualla, & ha&longs;ce locorum rationes &longs;at non e&longs;&longs;e cen&longs;uit, adgra­<lb/>uium, & leuium definitiones constituendas; idip&longs;um Platoni <lb/>ad&longs;crip&longs;it Alcinous in libro, cui titulus e&longs;t de dogmate Plato­<lb/>nis capite vige&longs;imo: leuia ergo Plato affirmauit, quæ (vt ip&longs;e <lb/>loquitur) ex paucioribus triangulis <expan abbr="cõponuntur">componuntur</expan>; grauia, quæ <lb/>qua&longs;i pluribus ex triangulis fiunt, perindeac &longs;i per partes <lb/>eiu&longs;dem generis, triangulos intelligat, nullum enim corpus, <lb/>apud Platonem in Timæo inuenitur, quin illud ex figuris <lb/>concretum &longs;it. </s> <s>Hinc Plato &longs;equi put at prima corpora ex pri <lb/>mis figuris e&longs;&longs;e concreta, &longs;ed prima omnium figurarum est <lb/>circularis, quæ rotundo cælo, quod ad volubilitatem rotun­<lb/>datum est, à natura tribuitur; de quo nobis est alio loco di­<lb/>&longs;putatum. </s> <s>Secunda figura est plana; & inter planas, pri­<lb/>ma est triangula, quæ primis illis corporibus ad&longs;cribitur; quæ <lb/>recto motu cientur: nec omnes trianguli &longs;unt eodem loco <lb/>habendi, cum illi &longs;int natura priores, qui rectum angu­<lb/>lum habent, vt &longs;unt l&longs;o&longs;cheles, & Scalenus; at rectus <lb/>angulus natura præcedit acutum, atque obtu&longs;um: rectus <lb/>etiam vnius naturam optimè redolet, cum nulla ratione va­<lb/>riari queat: acutus autem, & obtu&longs;us multis modis va­<lb/>rientur; propter has omnes cau&longs;as l&longs;o&longs;chelem, & Scale­<lb/>num Plato elegit, vt ex illis, quas planas primas figu­<lb/>&longs;en&longs;uit, prima elementorum corpora componeret, mo­<lb/>do Platonis, & non Timæi Pythagorici &longs;it illa &longs;ententia, <lb/>quæ in Timæo &longs;cribitur, & ex libro de vniuer&longs;itate Ti­<lb/>mæi ad verbum transfertur: cuiu&longs;cumque tamen &longs;it: feren-<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/051.jpg" pagenum="32"/><emph type="italics"/>da non est; &longs;ed confutanda, quod Ari&longs;toteles tanta cum ef­<lb/>ficacia fecit libro tertio de cælo, & <expan abbr="mũdo">mundo</expan>, vt nullus nunc nobis <lb/>confutandi locus &longs;upere&longs;&longs;e videatur: &longs;ed vt nihil intactum de­<lb/>relinquamus, vniuer&longs;um hoc negocium paucis ab&longs;oluemus.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head"> <s>Definitio, qua graue, & leue à Platone definitur, <lb/>exploditur, & corpora nec ex figuris, vt Plato, <lb/>necex numeris vt Pythagoras augmentari <lb/>po&longs;&longs;e demon&longs;tratur. </s> <s>Cap. XIX.<!-- KEEP S--></s> </p><p type="main"> <s>PRIMO <emph type="italics"/>reprehendendus e&longs;t Plato, &longs;eu Pythagoras po­<lb/>tius; qui ex planis figuris corpora con&longs;tituunt: hicorpo­<lb/>rum natura con&longs;tantium non naturalia, vt par erat, &longs;ed <lb/>Mathematica principia <expan abbr="faciũt">faciunt</expan>, quod minimè fieri debuerat: <lb/>corpora enim naturalia &longs;unt &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ, & figuræ, ex quibus <lb/>eadem componi Plato voluit, &longs;unt alterius cathegoriæ; qua­<lb/>propter principia, & principiorum effecta ad eamdem cathe­<lb/>goriam non pertinent; quod minimè decet, vt ab Ari&longs;totele co <lb/>piosè demonstratur libro duodecimo Diuinorum.<emph.end type="italics"/><!-- KEEP S--></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Secundo Plato, &longs;eu Pythagoras Mathematicorum principiis <lb/>aduer&longs;atur: <expan abbr="nãgeometræ">nangeometræ</expan> <expan abbr="lineã">lineam</expan> ex punctis probant non e&longs;&longs;e <expan abbr="cõ">com</expan> <lb/><expan abbr="&longs;titutã">&longs;titutam</expan>, propterea quod linea in <expan abbr="infinitũ">infinitum</expan> diuidatur; & <expan abbr="lineã">lineam</expan> in <lb/>infinitum diuidi e&longs;t in geometria principium &longs;uapte natura no <lb/><expan abbr="tũ">tum</expan>, quod à geometra nullo modo probatur, &longs;ed vt verissimum, <lb/>ac notissimum ponitur: eadem ratione &longs;uperficies ex lineis <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb/>componitur, cum &longs;uperficiei diui&longs;io numquam finiatur: ergo et <lb/>corpora ex &longs;uperficiebus <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> generantur, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> corpora pariratio <lb/>ne &longs;emper diuidantur: quapropter omnino &longs;equitur, corpora <lb/>non con&longs;tare ex planis figuris, quæ &longs;unt in &longs;uperficie; & corpo <lb/>rum magnitudinem circumuoluunt; quoniam corpora infini-<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/052.jpg" pagenum="33"/><emph type="italics"/>tè &longs;ecari po&longs;&longs;unt, &longs;icut apud eo&longs;dem mathematicos &longs;equitur, <lb/>&longs;uperficiem non confici ex lineis, & lineas non fieri ex punctis, <lb/>quia &longs;uper ficies in &longs;emper diuidua diuidatur; & linearum &longs;it<lb/>&longs;emper natura diuidua.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Tertio argumentor, & priu&longs;quam argumentum in for­<lb/>mam redigatur, vnum ponitur; illud est. </s> <s>Elementa &longs;unt duo­<lb/>rum generum; alterum est eorum, quæ compo&longs;itionis elemen­<lb/>ta vocantur; alterum mixtionis: priora elementa, dum in <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> <lb/>coheunt, cumulum faciunt; nihil enim est in eis inter &longs;e cohe­<lb/>rens, &longs;ed omnia deinceps di&longs;po&longs;ita, & collocata &longs;unt; vt acies <lb/>in&longs;truitur, illud e&longs;t vnum per accidens, vt e&longs;t frugum, & la­<lb/>pidum congeries, in quibus nihil e&longs;t per &longs;e coagmentatum, hæc <lb/>dum ex his aliquod vnum fit, propriam naturam &longs;eruant in­<lb/>tegram: po&longs;teriora mixtionis elementa &longs;unt, vt corpus quod­<lb/>dam multis ex partibus optima arte confectum; hæc, dum ex <lb/>his aliquid fit, in tenuissimas partes comminuuntur; & pro­<lb/>priam naturam integram non &longs;eruant, &longs;ed vicissim mi&longs;cen­<lb/>tur, ita vt per &longs;e totum gignatur: quod an &longs;it idem cum &longs;uis <lb/>partibus, aut inuicem iunctis, aut ab inuicem deiunctis, an ve­<lb/>rò diuer&longs;um ab illis, di&longs;putatum est alibi, his constitutis argu­<lb/>mentor.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Principia, quæ dum ex eis concretum gignitur, non alte­<lb/>rantur, &longs;ed in concreto integram naturam &longs;eruant, &longs;unt prin <lb/>cipia compo&longs;itionis, & non mixtionis, ex quibus fit vnum per <lb/>accidens, & non per &longs;e; &longs;ed figuræ, dum ex eis aliquid fit, non <lb/>alterantur, verum in concreto <expan abbr="integrã">integram</expan> naturam &longs;eruant; er­<lb/>go figuræ &longs;unt principia compo&longs;itionis, & non mixtionis; ex <lb/>quibus fit vnum per accidens, & non per &longs;e: atnos natura­<lb/>lium corporum per &longs;e principia quærimus.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Quarto argumentor, & prius quam argumentum eriga-<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/053.jpg" pagenum="34"/><emph type="italics"/>tur, vnum vt &longs;upra, ponitur & illud e&longs;t: elementa compo&longs;i­<lb/>tionis ab elementis mixtionis hoc differunt; priora id quod ha <lb/>bent, in compo&longs;itum ferunt: illudque eidem tribuunt; at eo <lb/>quod non habent, compo&longs;itum donare <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> po&longs;&longs;unt, vt mel, quod <lb/>e&longs;t dulce idromelli dulcedinem, quam &longs;ecum affert, communi­<lb/>cat, amaritudinem ei communicare non valet, quoniam mel <lb/>amarum non e&longs;t: po&longs;teriora mixtionis elementa, &longs;i in mixto <lb/>actu con&longs;eruantur, vt eadem actu con&longs;eruart alibi demon&longs;tra­<lb/>tum e&longs;t, non integra, &longs;ed in partes tenuissimas comminuta <lb/>concretum faciunt, quod naturam &longs;apit ab elementorum na­<lb/>tura long è diuer&longs;am, id e&longs;t verius, &longs;inon &longs;ub&longs;tantiæ &longs;ed elemen <lb/>torum vires in mixto &longs;uper&longs;int: videmus enim &longs;ecundas in quo <lb/>libet mixto qualitates ex primis ele mentorum qualitatibus, <lb/>quarum nullam in &longs;implicibus elem entis videre licet: quibus <lb/>declaratis argumentum est erigendum.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Triangulæ figuræ, ex quibus grauia, & leuia elementa <lb/>componi rebantur, nec graues &longs;unt, nec leues; ergo nec elemen­<lb/>ta &longs;implicia, aut grauia aut leuia erunt: ex natur á elemento­<lb/>rum compo&longs;itionis con&longs;equentia probatur; compo&longs;itionis enim <lb/>elementa, quod non habent compo&longs;ito non communicant: ergo <lb/>dum graue, & leue ex non grauibus, & non leuibus factum <lb/>definire conantur, id definiendum accipiunt, quod graue, & <lb/>leue non e&longs;t.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Confirmatur, elementa &longs;unt grauia, & leuia & ex primis <lb/>planis figuris triangulis conflata; ergo primæ triangulæ pla­<lb/>næ figuræ &longs;unt graues, & leues, quod est non minus fal&longs;um, <lb/>quam ab&longs;urdum: ergo dum elementa grauia, & leuia ex fi­<lb/>guris nec grauibus, nec leuibus gignunt, id graue, & leue af­<lb/>firmare coguntur, quod àgrauis, & leuis natura maximè di­<lb/>&longs;tat, vt &longs;unt figuræ, & totum ex figuris conflatum, e&longs;t aut<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/054.jpg" pagenum="35"/><emph type="italics"/>graue, aut leue: ergo figuræ erunt graues, & leues: quorum <lb/>vtrumque e&longs;t fal&longs;um, & ab&longs;urdum.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Hoc idem incommodum eos etiam &longs;equitur, qui non <expan abbr="tantũ">tantum</expan> <lb/>elementa, &longs;ed & vniuer&longs;um mundum ex vnit atibus, &longs;eu nume <lb/>ris concretum e&longs;&longs;e opinantur, vt &longs;unt Pythagorei: nam cor­<lb/>pus omne aut grauitatem, aut leuitatem habet; vnitates au­<lb/>tem, quæ numerorum &longs;unt elementa, ex quibus corpora con­<lb/>&longs;tant, nec grauitatem, nec leuitatem ex &longs;e habere, neque &longs;i <expan abbr="cõ-ponãtur">con­<lb/>ponantur</expan>, vllum ex &longs;e corpus coniunctæ facere po&longs;&longs;unt, ni&longs;i cor­<lb/>pus ex non corpore, & ni&longs;igraue, & leue ex non graui, & ex <lb/>non leui, & ni&longs;i &longs;ubstantia ex accidentibus fiat: & &longs;igraue, <lb/>& leue corpus ex numeris, &longs;eu numerorum vnitatibus genere­<lb/>tur, numeros etiamip&longs;os, & eorumdem vnitates & graues, <lb/>& leues e&longs;&longs;e oportet, quod &longs;i vnitates, & numeri nec graues <lb/>&longs;unt, nec leues, ergo nec corpora, quæ ex illis fiunt, aut grauia, <lb/>aut leuia erunt: quæ omnia & fal&longs;a, & ab&longs;urda e&longs;&longs;e ex his, <lb/>quæ paullo ante memorauimus, liquido con&longs;tat.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head"> <s>Cau&longs;a redditur, quamobrem nec Anaximander, <lb/>nec Anaximenes, nec Democritus, nec Leucip­<lb/>pus, nec Epicurus &longs;int confutandi, in­<lb/>terea tamen breui&longs;simè confu­<lb/>tantur. </s> <s>Cap. XX.<!-- KEEP S--></s> </p><p type="main"> <s>ANAXIMANDER, <emph type="italics"/>Anaximenes, Democritus, <lb/>Leucippus, Epicurus, & cæteri Philo&longs;ophi, qui <expan abbr="mũdum">mundum</expan> <lb/>licet ratione diuer&longs;a, nullis <expan abbr="tam&etilde;">tamen</expan> finibus cir cum&longs;eptum, <lb/>&longs;ed illud immen&longs;um, & infinitum e&longs;&longs;e rebantur, in eamdem <lb/>&longs;ententiam, in quam & posterior Plato venerat, & ip&longs;i prio­<lb/>res pedibus ire cogebantur; cum in eo, quod infinitum existit,<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/055.jpg" pagenum="36"/><emph type="italics"/>extremi fines de&longs;iderentur, &longs;ine quibus non e&longs;t locus &longs;uperior, <lb/>ad quem leuia corpora &longs;ubuolent; nec e&longs;t vllus inferior locus, <lb/>ad quem corpora grauia tendant; ideo ex locorum interuallis <lb/>grauium, & <expan abbr="leuiũ">leuium</expan> naturæ definiri non po&longs;&longs;unt: &longs;ed ad atomos, <lb/>ad figuras, ad &longs;olidum, & inane, vel ad aliud eiu&longs;dem generis <lb/>figmentum confugere coguntur: immo &longs;i locus distinctus non <lb/>fuerit, qui in &longs;pacio infinito di&longs;tinctus e&longs;&longs;e nequit, neque quic­<lb/>quam graue, aut leue dicetur, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> graue id &longs;it, quod ad inferio­<lb/>rem locum de&longs;cendit; leue autem quod ad &longs;uperiorem plagam <lb/>natura mouetur; vt infra demon&longs;trabitur: in eo ergo infinito <lb/>&longs;pacio, in quo &longs;uperior, & inferior locus distinctus non est, ni­<lb/>hil graue, nihilque poterit e&longs;&longs;e leue.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head"> <s>Democriti, Leucippi, & Epicuri particularia dicta <lb/>de grauibus, & leuibus atomis explodun­<lb/>tur. </s> <s>Caput XXI.<!-- KEEP S--></s></p><p type="main"> <s>DEMOCRITI, <emph type="italics"/>& cæterorum, qui ab illius parte ste­<lb/>terunt, &longs;ententia est, <expan abbr="Mundũ">Mundum</expan> ex atomis constare; quæ <lb/>&longs;unt omnes graues, eiu&longs;dem materiæ, <expan abbr="eiu&longs;demq.">eiu&longs;demque</expan> natu­<lb/>ræ, ac &longs;ola figura differunt, quæ e&longs;t accidens: nam aliæ atomi <lb/>&longs;unt triangulæ, aliæ quadrangulæ, & &longs;ic deinceps; &longs;ubstantia <lb/>vna omnium <expan abbr="atomorũ">atomorum</expan> e&longs;t, dicunt <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> inane inter atomosillas <lb/>interceptum, ea&longs;dem di&longs;terminare; vt auri, argenti, cupri, fer­<lb/>ri, & <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> aliarum ramenta in varias figuras di&longs;tributa, eam <lb/>dem natur am habent; &longs;olis figuris diuer&longs;a &longs;unt, &longs;olo &longs;pacio ina <lb/>ni aliæ ab aliis di&longs;tant: hæc est eorum &longs;ententia, contra quam <lb/>argumentor,<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Vna est <expan abbr="omniũ">omnium</expan> atomorum natura, ergo vnus e&longs;t motus prin <lb/>cipium; <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> per motus principium ab Ari&longs;totele natura de<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/056.jpg" pagenum="37"/><emph type="italics"/>finitur tum libro <expan abbr="&longs;ecũdo">&longs;ecundo</expan> <expan abbr="Phy&longs;icorũ">Phy&longs;icorum</expan>, tum libro quinto <expan abbr="diuinorũ">diuinorum</expan>. <lb/></s> <s>Vnum e&longs;t omnium <expan abbr="atomorũ">atomorum</expan> motus principium, ergo vnus om <lb/>nium motus: aliquæ atomi &longs;unt graues, ergo omnes &longs;unt gra­<lb/>ues, ergo omnes <expan abbr="deorsũ">deorsum</expan> feruntur; ergo nullæ &longs;ur&longs;um <expan abbr="a&longs;cendũt">a&longs;cendunt</expan>, <lb/>ergo vna e&longs;t <expan abbr="omniũ">omnium</expan> grauitas, ergo nulla e&longs;t earumdem leuitas, <lb/>ergo omnes atomi vno motu ad mundi <expan abbr="centrũ">centrum</expan> de&longs;cendunt, ergo <lb/>& cætera omnia, quæ ex atomis conflantur, erunt grauia: <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> <lb/>quod ex grauibus coaugmentatur, non pote&longs;t non e&longs;&longs;e graue, <lb/>ergo totus <expan abbr="mũdus">mundus</expan> ex grauibus atomis genitus, & &longs;ingulætotius <lb/>mundi partes ex grauibus atomis natæ, &longs;unt graues, ergo om <lb/>nia de&longs;cendunt, ergo nihil a&longs;cendit, quæ &longs;en&longs;ui manife&longs;tè repu­<lb/>gnant: cum plurima leuia &longs;uopte nixu &longs;ur&longs;um ferrivideamus; <lb/>ergo fal&longs;a eorum e&longs;t opinio, &longs;en&longs;uique contraria, quod validio­<lb/>ribus, vt patet, argumentis &longs;u&longs;cepimus demonstrandum. </s> <s>Con­<lb/>firmatur &longs;i &longs;unt omnia grauia: omnia enim ad <expan abbr="centrũ">centrum</expan> natura <lb/>de&longs;cendunt, omniaque in centro natura quie&longs;cunt, ergo extra <lb/>centrum natura nihil est, & nihil extra centrum natura, aut <lb/>mouetur, aut quie&longs;cit, &longs;ed quæcumque extra centrum aut mo<lb/>ueri, aut manere <expan abbr="inueniũtur">inueniuntur</expan>; omnia non natura, &longs;ed violentia, <lb/><expan abbr="mouebũtur">mouebuntur</expan>; corpus enim, quodinaliquo loco violentia quie&longs;cit, <lb/>ad illum <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> violentia mouetur; & reciprocantur hæc, ita vt <lb/>omne corpus, quod ad aliquem locum violentia mouetur, in eo <lb/>dem loco violentia quie&longs;cat, &longs;icut quod natura ad aliquem <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> <lb/>fertur, natura in eo loco manet; & quod alicubinatura stat <lb/>immotum, eò natura tendat, quæ Democritus, Leucippus, & <lb/>Epicurus, ac cæteri, qui eorumdem figmenta &longs;ectantur, mini­<lb/>mè noui&longs;&longs;e videntur. </s> <s>Verum, vt &longs;emetip&longs;os ab his angu&longs;tiis <lb/>explicent, dicere au&longs;i &longs;unt qua&longs;dam atomos e&longs;&longs;e grauiores, & <lb/>qua&longs;dam minus graues, & ex grauioribus atomis grauio­<lb/>ra corpora, & ex leuioribus leuiora componi, & quæ magis<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/057.jpg" pagenum="38"/><emph type="italics"/>grauia &longs;unt, deor&longs;um agitari, quæ <expan abbr="aui&etilde;">auiem</expan> minus &longs;ur&longs;um euolare. <lb/></s> <s>At <expan abbr="&longs;ivnũ">&longs;ivnum</expan> <expan abbr="contrariorũ">contrariorum</expan> e&longs;t in natura, nece&longs;&longs;ariò erit & <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan>; <lb/>&longs;i alterum non inuenitur, quid mirum nec &longs;i alterum inuenie­<lb/>tur, vt auctor e&longs;t Aristoteles libro &longs;ecundo de cælo particula <lb/>duodeuige&longs;ima: idque e&longs;t naturæ maximè con&longs;entaneum, quæ <lb/>contrariam repugnantiam in vno &longs;olo non patitur, &longs;ed in duo­<lb/>bus eamdem inueniri nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t: atqui (vt isti volunt) in na­<lb/>tura est graue corpus, ergo in natura est etiam corpus leue, <lb/>quod est graui contrarium: quod &longs;i leue non ponant; ergo nec <lb/>graue quidem ponere poterunt; quod tamen ponunt. </s> <s>Hinc <lb/>etiam &longs;equitur, quatuor elementa non e&longs;&longs;e prima corpora: <lb/>quando ex atomis, quæ & ip&longs;a &longs;unt corpora indiuidua, ele­<lb/>mentis tamen priora, conflantur: ergo hæc ramenta indiui­<lb/>dua erunt prima, & non quatuor, quæ prima elementa vo­<lb/>cantur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Democritus, & cæteri, qui in Democriti &longs;ententiam iura­<lb/>uerunt, ramenta à ramentis disterminant &longs;olius vacui inter­<lb/>uentu, & inane &longs;pacium inter illa interiectum, non &longs;olum di­<lb/>&longs;terminare atomos, & ea&longs;dem ab inuicem &longs;eparare <expan abbr="affirmãt">affirmant</expan>, <lb/>&longs;ed etiam grauitatem, & leuitatem efficere, ita vt illud cor­<lb/>pus, in quo maius inane &longs;pacium intercipitur, &longs;it leuius; illud <lb/>verò grauius, in quo minus est &longs;pacij, quod &longs;it vacuum: quibus <lb/>occurri &longs;ic potest. </s> <s>Primo propterea quod ex pleno, & vacuo <lb/>omnia corpora à Democrito, & &longs;equacibus conflari dicuntur: <lb/>cau&longs;a, quæ corpora componit, non &longs;olum e&longs;t inane &longs;pacium, &longs;ed <lb/>vnà cum illo &longs;olidum <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> concurrit: ergo & &longs;olidum grauita­<lb/>tis, & leuitatis e&longs;t cau&longs;a; ita vt id corpus, in quo minus est ina <lb/>nis, quam &longs;olidi, & in quo plus est &longs;olidi, quam inanis, &longs;it pon­<lb/>dero&longs;ius: & id corpus, in quo plus e&longs;t inanis, quam &longs;olidi, & mi <lb/>nus &longs;olidi, <expan abbr="quãinanis">quaninanis</expan>, &longs;it leuius. </s> <s><expan abbr="Secũdo">Secundo</expan> maiorem aeris portio-<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/058.jpg" pagenum="39"/><emph type="italics"/>nem aquæ minori parte <expan abbr="grauior&etilde;">grauiorem</expan> e&longs;&longs;e contingit; & <expan abbr="cõtra">contra</expan> maio<lb/><expan abbr="r&etilde;">rem</expan> aquæ <expan abbr="part&etilde;">partem</expan> minori parte aeris accidet e&longs;&longs;e <expan abbr="leuior&etilde;">leuiorem</expan>, &longs;i in ma <lb/>iori aeris parte plus erit &longs;olidi, & minus erit inanis; & in ma­<lb/>iori aquæ parte minus erit &longs;olidi, & plus inanis. </s> <s>Accidet <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb/>aurum multum paruo igne leuius e&longs;&longs;e, &longs;i multumillud <expan abbr="aurũ">aurum</expan>, <lb/>quod acceperis, paruo igne maius habet inane: quod accidere <lb/>po&longs;&longs;e nemo inficias ibit. </s> <s>Hæc &longs;i penitus fal&longs;a, ab&longs;urda, & ri­<lb/>dicula &longs;unt; exi&longs;timandum non est, &longs;oliditate, atque inanitate <lb/>tantum inter &longs;e grauia, & leuia corpora distingui, vt ratus <lb/>est Democritus: &longs;ed e&longs;t alia grauitatis, & leuitatis cau&longs;ain­<lb/>uenienda, propter quam grauia, & leuia differant, ac mo­<lb/>ueantur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head"> <s>Empedoclem nullam grauitatis, ac leuitatis na­<lb/>turam cognoui&longs;&longs;e. </s> <s>Cap. XXII.<!-- KEEP S--></s> </p><p type="main"> <s>S<emph type="italics"/>cio ego quam difficile factu &longs;it, antiquorum qua&longs;dam <lb/>opiniones aliquorum mentibus adeo infixas, vt vix certi&longs;­<lb/>&longs;imis rationibus præmon&longs;tratis penitus euelli possint; Sed <lb/>mihi, cui &longs;emper studium fuit, plus veritati, quam auctorita­<lb/>ti tribuere (vtinam &longs;ic multi facerent, qui in pluribus hallu­<lb/>cinantur, dum ingenij dexterit atem profitentur) libet hoc lo­<lb/>co meam &longs;ententiam in medium afferre, vt no&longs;cant omnes Em <lb/>pedoclem grauitatis, & leuitatis naturam ignoraui&longs;&longs;e. </s> <s>Hic <lb/>enim non ex materia aliqua <expan abbr="cõmut">commut</expan> at a gener ationem in hunc <lb/>mundum introduxit; &longs;ed tamquam ex abditis quibu&longs;dam re­<lb/>cessibus illarum rerum, quæ graues &longs;unt, & leues generatio­<lb/>nem promere tentauit. </s> <s>Dixerat enim cum aer ex aqua gi­<lb/>gnitur, aer prius aquæ permixtus ab aqua per rarefactionem <lb/>&longs;eg regatur; & <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> aqua ex aere vicissim na&longs;citur, ab aere per<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/059.jpg" pagenum="40"/><emph type="italics"/>conden&longs;ationem aqua &longs;eparatur; & corpus aut grauius, aut <lb/>leuius fit; vt est aut rarius, aut den&longs;ius: compressione enim res <lb/>fiunt grauiores, & exten&longs;ione, ac rarefactione leuiores. </s> <s>Huius <lb/>opinionem hæc inter alia &longs;equuntur ab&longs;urda, vna quæque ma <lb/>gnitudo tam & &longs;i comprimatur, nullo modo fit grauior, vt <expan abbr="cõ-pre&longs;&longs;a">con­<lb/>pre&longs;&longs;a</expan> bombix, & lana nihilo grauior e&longs;t, quam &longs;i exten&longs;a &longs;it.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>De ortu, & interitu eorum omnium, quæ &longs;unt &longs;ub luna, de <lb/>que mutua elementorum commutatione, cum vnumquodque <lb/><expan abbr="elem&etilde;tum">elementum</expan> in vnumquodque elementum immediatè <expan abbr="vicissimq.">vicissimque</expan> <lb/>commeat, quæ ab Empedocle omnino <expan abbr="euertũtur">euertuntur</expan>, nihil e&longs;t quod <lb/>hoc loco agamus: quoniam hæc huius nostræ di&longs;putationis <lb/>extremos fines tran&longs;grediuntur: ideo his contenti ad alia pro­<lb/>gredimur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head"> <s>Quomodo Ari&longs;toteles grauia, & leuia definierit. <lb/></s> <s>Caput XXIII.<!-- KEEP S--></s></p><p type="main"> <s>ARISTOTELES <emph type="italics"/>ratus cælum e&longs;&longs;e &longs;ui vndique &longs;imi­<lb/>le, & in orbis ab&longs;oluti &longs;peciem efformatum; propterea <lb/>mundum habere extremum, & medium; cæli extre­<lb/>mitatem &longs;ur&longs;um e&longs;&longs;e cen&longs;uit, quæ &longs;itu etiam &longs;uperiorem <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> <lb/>obtinet; medium autem mundi dor&longs;um e&longs;&longs;e voluit, quod infe­<lb/>riorem orbis plagam occupat, ideo leue &longs;impliciter, & non in <lb/>comparatione ad alterum id e&longs;&longs;e credidit, quod ad cæli extre­<lb/>mitatem, hoc est &longs;ur&longs;um naturaliter euolat, quò postquam <lb/>peruenerit, illico quie&longs;cit, vt ignis: quod autem &longs;uopte nixu <lb/>deor&longs;um, & ad mundi medium &longs;emper inclinat, ad quod po&longs;t <lb/>quam de&longs;cenderit, stat immotum id, per &longs;e, & omnino graue <lb/>appellare voluit: elementa media, quæ &longs;uper&longs;unt, aer, & aqua, <lb/>de Ari&longs;totelis &longs;ententia ab&longs;olutè grauia, & omnino leuia non<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/060.jpg" pagenum="41"/><emph type="italics"/>&longs;unt, &longs;ed ad &longs;uperiora elementa comparata grauia dicuntur, <lb/>ad inferior a leuia cen&longs;entur. </s> <s>Has grauium, & leuium defini­<lb/>tiones Ari&longs;toteles edidit tum primo cæli, <expan abbr="tũ">tum</expan> quarto eiu&longs;dem.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head"> <s>Platonis, & cæterorum error in definitione gra­<lb/>uium, & leuium ab Ari&longs;totele demon­<lb/>&longs;tratur. </s> <s>Cap. XXIIII.<!-- KEEP S--></s> </p><p type="main"> <s>I<emph type="italics"/>n his definitionibus Ari&longs;toteles Platonem, & cæteros <lb/>hallucinatos e&longs;&longs;e putauit: quia, cum ad huius rei tractatio­<lb/>nem acce&longs;&longs;erunt, quid ab&longs;olutè graue, & quid ab&longs;olutèle­<lb/>ue &longs;it, pror&longs;us non expre&longs;&longs;erunt; &longs;ed de grauitate, & leuitate <lb/>ita verba fecerunt, vt, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> duo propo&longs;ita corpora fuerint, quo­<lb/>rum vtrumque grauitatem habuerit, &longs;ed maiorem alterum, <lb/>& alterum minorem, vtrum eorum aut grauius, aut leuius <lb/>e&longs;&longs;et exquirerent, & nullam corporis, aut omnino grauis, <lb/>aut vndique leuis mentionem fecerint: quippe quiomnia cor <lb/>pora, quæ &longs;ub cælo exi&longs;tunt, grauia tantum e&longs;&longs;e crediderint, <lb/>quorum tamen nonnulla grauiora, nonnulla verò leuiora, vel <lb/>minus leuia e&longs;&longs;e voluerint: & quæ minus grauia forent, leuia <lb/>nuncupauerint non ab&longs;olutè, &longs;ed ad alia comparata, vt <expan abbr="ferrũ">ferrum</expan> <lb/>ligno grauius dici &longs;olet, lignum ferro leuius: cum tamen natu­<lb/>ra leue non &longs;it lignum, &longs;ed pondero&longs;um vt ferrum, ideo vtrum <lb/>que graue, & propriis ponderibus libratum deor&longs;um &longs;uopte <lb/>nixu fertur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Videmus tamen ignem &longs;emper e&longs;&longs;e leuem, inque &longs;uperio­<lb/>rem totius <expan abbr="mũdi">mundi</expan> oram &longs;emper a&longs;cendere: terram &longs;emper e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>pondero&longs;am, & in locum inferiorem numquam non de&longs;cen­<lb/>dere; quod hæc ab&longs;olutè grauia, & omnino leuia &longs;int, & non <lb/>in compar atione ad alterum.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><pb xlink:href="011/01/061.jpg" pagenum="42"/><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Eam ob rem &longs;i quis quærat, cur ignis ad &longs;uperum locum <lb/>perpetuò &longs;ubuolet, non id propter partium eiu&longs;dem generis <lb/>paucitatem accidere dicet, vt Plato affirmauit; nam &longs;i id <lb/>verum e&longs;&longs;et, &longs;equeretur, vt ignis quantò maior e&longs;&longs;et, tantò tar­<lb/>dius a&longs;cenderet, quia grauior e&longs;&longs;et; propterea quod ex pluri­<lb/>bus con&longs;taret partibus eiu&longs;dem generis; quod apertissimè fal­<lb/>&longs;um e&longs;&longs;e videmus, cum potius contrarium &longs;emper accidat. <lb/></s> <s>Quanto etenim maior ignis e&longs;t, tanto &longs;olet etiam e&longs;&longs;e celerior, <lb/>& maiore nixu &longs;ur&longs;um ferri; contraque minor ignis longè fa­<lb/>cilius deor&longs;um truditur, quam magnus.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Præterea, cum it a statuat Plato; id quod pauciores habet <lb/>eiu&longs;dem naturæ partes, &longs;eu triangulos, leuius e&longs;&longs;e; quod autem <lb/>plures, pondero&longs;ius: deinde ignem, aerem, & <expan abbr="aquã">aquam</expan> ex ei&longs;dem <lb/>fermè triangulis coaugmentari dicat, paucitate dumtaxat, <lb/>& multitudine &longs;ola differentibus, vnde accidat, vt hæc gra­<lb/>uiora, & leuiora &longs;int illa, nulli dubium e&longs;t, quin aeris quædam <lb/>magna, & &longs;tatuta quantitas, aquam minorem pondere &longs;upe­<lb/>ret: quoniam plures eiu&longs;dem formæ triangulos <expan abbr="cõtinebit">continebit</expan>; quo <lb/>nihil ab&longs;urdius, nihil magis à veritate alienum, atque abhor­<lb/>rens dici po&longs;&longs;e nemo inficias ibit: quælibet enim aeris particu­<lb/>la, &longs;eu magna, &longs;eu parua ex aqua emergit, & in &longs;ublime fer <lb/>tur, & <expan abbr="quãtò">quantò</expan> aeris portio fuerit maior, tantò incitabitur cele­<lb/>rius, ex aqua <expan abbr="erũpens">erumpens</expan> <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> minimus, aut exiguus ignis, & aer.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head"> <s>Explicatur nexus argumentorum Platonis, qui de <lb/>graui, & leui perperam egit. </s> <s>Cap. XXV.<!-- KEEP S--></s> </p><p type="main"> <s>N<emph type="italics"/>ec propterea quod rotundum &longs;it cælum, nullam par <lb/>tium contrariam po&longs;itionem habet, vt Piato rebatur; <lb/>immo quia rotundum ita e&longs;t cælum, vt nihil excogita-<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/062.jpg" pagenum="43"/><emph type="italics"/>ripossit rotundius, & in orbis ab&longs;oluti &longs;peciem efformatum, <lb/>omnem partium <expan abbr="contrariã">contrariam</expan> po&longs;itionem habet; extremum cer­<lb/>tè, & medium. </s> <s>Quod enim extremum cæli, & medium mun­<lb/>di centrum &longs;int contraria, tum ex <expan abbr="cõtraria">contraria</expan> motuum natura­<lb/>lium energia, tum ex contrariis ip&longs;is corporum naturalium <lb/>&longs;implicium naturis repugnantibus, quæ ad contraria loca con <lb/>citantur, & in illis immota quie&longs;cunt, intelligere licet: motus <lb/>enim &longs;ur&longs;um, & deor&longs;um &longs;unt contrarij, vt contraria &longs;unt cor <lb/>pora leuia, quæ &longs;ur&longs;um a&longs;cendunt, & corpora grauia, quæ <lb/>deor&longs;um de&longs;cendunt: non enim motus contrarij, aut &longs;ine locis <lb/>contrariis, aut &longs;ine naturis contrariis existunt, vt notum e&longs;t <lb/>ex his, quæ Aristoteles libro primo de cælo &longs;cripta reliquit.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Cætera, quæ Ari&longs;toteles aduer&longs;us Platonem, & alios &longs;cri <lb/>p&longs;it, in his quæ de cælo libro præ&longs;ertim quarto, prudentes præ­<lb/>terimus: vo&longs;que, candidissimi lectores, qui, tum ingenij viri­<lb/>bus, tum eruditione præ&longs;tatis, ad illa vocamus; vt qui &longs;ine cor­<lb/>tice natare didicistis, &longs;ine cortice natantes ad portum venia­<lb/>tis optatum: Aristoteles vos expectat, vt demonstret quo­<lb/>modo Plato victus laba&longs;cat, & quomodo fal&longs;um &longs;it, quod vti <lb/>verum a&longs;&longs;umit, & proptérea totum Platonis ædificium cor­<lb/>ruit: quod postquam plus quàm &longs;atis magna ruina concide­<lb/>rit, in&longs;taurarinon poterit; & antè quàm corruat, quò minus <lb/>concidat, continerinequit.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head"> <s>Quomodo Plato, & Ari&longs;toteles dum grauia, & le­<lb/>uia definiunt, conciliari po&longs;&longs;unt. </s> <s>Cap. XXVI.<!-- KEEP S--></s> </p><p type="main"> <s>ARISTOTELES <emph type="italics"/>tamen libro quarto de phy&longs;ico au­<lb/>ditu particula octuage&longs;imaquinta, & libro tertio de <lb/>cælo particula decima graue id e&longs;&longs;e affirmauit, quod<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/063.jpg" pagenum="44"/><emph type="italics"/>e&longs;t den&longs;um, & leue, quod est rarum; &longs;iquidem den&longs;itas cum <lb/>grauitate, & raritas cum leuitate coniungi&longs;oleat; quatenus <lb/>den&longs;itas frigidum <expan abbr="cõden&longs;ans">conden&longs;ans</expan>, & grauitatem introducens, & <lb/>leuitas calidum rarefaciens, & <expan abbr="leuitat&etilde;">leuitatem</expan> adducens, con&longs;equan­<lb/>tur: vt quam optimè vi&longs;us e&longs;t dixi&longs;&longs;e Auerroes libro &longs;eptimo <lb/>Phy&longs;icorum commentatione decima: calidi enim e&longs;t rarefa­<lb/>cere, & frigidi conden&longs;are; vt intelligere licet tum ex &longs;ecundo <lb/>de ortu, & interitu, tum ex quarto metheorologicorum. </s> <s>Quod <lb/>&longs;i graue id e&longs;t, quod est den&longs;um, vt Aristoteles dixit; graue <lb/>id etiam erit, quod concretum est ex pluribus partibus <expan abbr="eiu&longs;d&etilde;">eiu&longs;dem</expan> <lb/>generis; vt Plato voluit: & &longs;i leue id est, quod e&longs;t rarum, vt <lb/>Ari&longs;toteles confirmauit, leue id etiam erit, quod ex pauciori­<lb/>bus partibus eiu&longs;dem rationis efficitur; vt Plato credidit. <lb/></s> <s>Quæ duæ &longs;ententiæ, hoc modo explicatæ, non re ip&longs;a, &longs;ed verbo <lb/>tenus di&longs;crepare intelligantur, ita vt Ari&longs;toteles cum Pla­<lb/>tone hacinre, quam optimè conuenire videatur, vt compluri­<lb/>bus in aliis rebus inter eo&longs;dem conuenire à nobis alibi demon­<lb/>&longs;tratum fuit: Ari&longs;toteles ergo, quod &longs;upra diximus, ratus e&longs;t <lb/>ignem e&longs;&longs;e &longs;impliciter, & ab&longs;olutè leuem, & terram &longs;implici­<lb/>ter, & ab&longs;olutè grauem: duo media, quæ inter hæc vtraque in <lb/>teriecta &longs;unt <expan abbr="elem&etilde;ta">elementa</expan>, vt aqua, & aer, tum grauia, tum leuia: <lb/>ad &longs;uperiora <expan abbr="cõparata">comparata</expan> &longs;unt grauia, & ad inferiora &longs;unt leuia.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head"> <s>Quamobrem ignis e&longs;tab&longs;olutè leuis, & terra ab&longs;o­<lb/>lutè grauis, media autem elementa &longs;unt com <lb/>paratè grauia, & leuia. </s> <s>Cap. XXVII.<!-- KEEP S--></s> </p><p type="main"> <s>QVARE <emph type="italics"/>ignis &longs;it ab&longs;olutè leuis, & terra ab&longs;olutè gra­<lb/>uis, duo media non ab&longs;olutè, nec &longs;impliciter, &longs;edin com <lb/>paratione ad duo extrema grauia, & leuia dicantur,<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/064.jpg" pagenum="45"/><emph type="italics"/>&longs;criptum e&longs;t ab Auerroe libro quarto de cælo commentatione <lb/>quadrage&longs;ima: quia locus &longs;uperior loco ignis, &longs;impliciter, & <lb/>ab&longs;olutè leuis &longs;ub luna non datur; ex quo leuissimus ignis de­<lb/>&longs;cendat, po&longs;tquam eò &longs;uopte impul&longs;u a&longs;cenderit: perinde ac lo <lb/>cus inferior centro non inuenitur, ex quo terra ad eum lo­<lb/>cum, in quo nunc est, a&longs;cendat, po&longs;tquam eò de&longs;cenderit. <lb/></s> <s>Cau&longs;a etiam quare ignis expers est cuiuslibet grauitatis, & <lb/>terra cuiuslibet leuitatis, aer, & aqua tum grauitatis, tum le <lb/>uitatis e&longs;t particeps, ibi ab eodem Auerroe redditur. </s> <s>Et ea e&longs;t: <lb/>quia inferius &longs;impliciter, & &longs;uperius &longs;impliciter in natura in <lb/>uenitur; & cau&longs;a, quamobrem hæc duo in natura <expan abbr="inueniũtur">inueniuntur</expan>, <lb/>e&longs;t: quia extrema maximæ di&longs;tantiæ &longs;unt inrerum vniuer&longs;i­<lb/>tate, & cau&longs;a, quare hæc reperiuntur, e&longs;t, quia horum <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> <lb/>est centrum, alterum circumferentia. </s> <s>Porrò cau&longs;a, propter <lb/>quam media elementa vt aer, & aqua, non &longs;unt &longs;impliciter, <lb/>& ab&longs;olutè, aut grauia, aut leuia, &longs;ed ad duo extrema com­<lb/>parata modo grauia, & modo leuia cen&longs;entur, est: quia non <lb/>&longs;unt in loco, aut &longs;impliciter inferiore, aut ab&longs;olutè &longs;uperiore; <lb/>nec &longs;unt in locis maximè distantibus; quorum alterum &longs;it cen <lb/>trum, alterum circumferentia: &longs;ed &longs;unt in locis mediis, me­<lb/>diæ naturæ corporibus optimo iure tributis.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Hæ &longs;unt Auerrois cau&longs;æ; quibus addendum, nec ab&longs;que <lb/>ratione putamus vim, & naturam propriam, &longs;eu energiam <lb/>cuiuslibet elementi, quæ cau&longs;a est, ob quam vnumquodque ele <lb/>mentum &longs;it aut graue, aut leue, aut &longs;impliciter, aut ad aliud <lb/>comparatum: &longs;unt enim grauitas, & leuitas propriæ <expan abbr="corporũ">corporum</expan> <lb/>grauium, & leuium affectiones, quæ eorumdem formas nece&longs; <lb/>&longs;ariò con&longs;equuntur: & ex illis qua&longs;i aquæ ex propriis fonti­<lb/>bus, manant: eadem enim &longs;unt prima &longs;pecierum, & proprie­<lb/>tatum principia: vt quia homo e&longs;t rationis particeps, e&longs;t etiam<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/065.jpg" pagenum="46"/><emph type="italics"/>adri&longs;um propen&longs;us; vt infrà (au&longs;pice Deo) videbimus.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Ex his duas grauium, & leuium definitiones habemus: al <lb/>tera per motum à medio, & ad medium data; altera per quie <lb/>tem à medio, & in medio assignata: dixerat enim Aristo­<lb/>teles, graue id e&longs;t, quod mouetur ad medium, & graue id e&longs;t, <lb/>quod quie&longs;cit in medio: dixerat etiam leue id est, quod quie­<lb/>&longs;cit à medio, & leue id e&longs;t, quod mouetur àmedio: vt &longs;upra <lb/>&longs;crip&longs;imus.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head"> <s>Vtra definitionum &longs;it potior; an ea, quæ per quie­<lb/>tem, an ea quæ per <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> datur. </s> <s>Cap. XXVIII.<!-- KEEP S--></s> </p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Cvm duas grauium, & leuium definitiones assigna­<lb/>uerimus, alteram per motum, & alteram per <expan abbr="quiet&etilde;">quietem</expan>, <lb/>Auerroes libro quarto de cælo commentatione vige&longs;i­<lb/>ma&longs;exta, & trige&longs;imaprima non iniuria quærit. </s> <s>Vtrane <expan abbr="ha-rũ">ha­<lb/>rum</expan> definitionum &longs;it potior: an ea, quæ per quietem, an ea, quæ <lb/>per motum datur; it a vt grauium, et leuium naturam <expan abbr="propriã">propriam</expan> <lb/>magis exprimat, & ideo præ&longs;tantior e&longs;&longs;e credatur. </s> <s>Re&longs;pondet <lb/>Auerroes Philo&longs;ophus in primis magnus, & dicit: ea certè <lb/>præferenda e&longs;t alteri, quæ per quietem datur: cau&longs;a est, quia <lb/>motus elementis non ine&longs;t, ni&longs;i po&longs;tquam violentiam pa&longs;&longs;a, aut <lb/>extra proprium locum vi extru&longs;a fuerint, & ad illum redire <lb/>contenderint; aut extra proprium locum genita, ad eumdem <lb/>accedere tentauerint: hæc dum ad locum naturalem concitan <lb/>tur, non nihil adhuc con&longs;eruant contrariæ illius, & <expan abbr="repugnãtis">repugnantis</expan> <lb/>naturæ, vel ex qua genita fuerint, vel quam extra <expan abbr="propriũ">proprium</expan> lo <lb/>cum pul&longs;a contraxerunt; at quies elementis in &longs;ua propria, ac <lb/>naturali di&longs;po&longs;itione existentibus optimo iure tribuitur; ideo <lb/>elementis, vt moueantur, accidere videtur: vt quie&longs;cant, per &longs;e<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/066.jpg" pagenum="47"/><emph type="italics"/>habent: <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> ob rem corporum &longs;implicium, quæ elementa vocan <lb/>tur, definitio per quietem data eorumdem definitioni per mo­<lb/>tum quauis ratione inuentæ, est omnino præferenda, quod <lb/>Ari&longs;toteles tetigi&longs;&longs;e vi&longs;us e&longs;t libro primo de cælo particula de­<lb/>cima&longs;eptima: vbi grauia, & leuia non per <expan abbr="quiet&etilde;">quietem</expan>, &longs;ed per <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> <lb/>pingui, et cra&longs;&longs;a minerua &longs;e definiui&longs;&longs;e te&longs;tatur; donec per quie <lb/><expan abbr="t&etilde;">tem</expan> accuratius, ac diligentius elementorum natura di&longs;putetur, <lb/>quod quarto lib. de cælo præstitum fui&longs;&longs;e nemo e&longs;t qui ne&longs;ciat.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head"> <s>Quæ Themi&longs;tius <expan abbr="cõtra">contra</expan> Ari&longs;totelem &longs;crip&longs;it de gra<lb/>uium, & leuium definitione. </s> <s>Cap. XXIX.<!-- KEEP S--></s> </p><p type="main"> <s>EXPLODENDVS <emph type="italics"/>est hoc loco Themi&longs;tius, qui has <lb/>grauium, & leuium definitiones per eorumdem <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>, <lb/>& quietem datas, rem quamlibet <expan abbr="definitã">definitam</expan> complecti non <lb/>credidit; & multa, de quibus hæ definitiones dicuntur, quæ nec <lb/>grauia &longs;unt nec leuia, ratus e&longs;t inueniri: quod terra &longs;ua ip&longs;ius <lb/>natura pondero&longs;a, in aere &longs;u&longs;pen&longs;a deor&longs;um non feratur, quæ <lb/>tamen terra e&longs;t & grauis: ergò non quodlibet graue deor&longs;um <lb/>tendit. </s> <s>Quin etiam terra, dum in centro quie&longs;cit, ibi &longs;tat im­<lb/>mota, & deor&longs;um non citatur: cum locus centro inferior in na <lb/>tura non detur, ad <expan abbr="qu&etilde;">quem</expan> aliquod pondero&longs;um corpus de&longs;cendat: <lb/>terra ergò, quòdin centro stat immota, & deor&longs;um non cita­<lb/>tur, est grauis: &longs;i graue id e&longs;t, quod in centro quie&longs;cit, & non <lb/>de&longs;cendit: ergò graue illud non est, quod de&longs;cendit, &longs;ed graue <lb/>id e&longs;t; quod stat immotum.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Idem de leuissimo igni dicendum, qui apud nos genitus, & <lb/>quo minus a&longs;cendat ab aliquo impeditus, ad <expan abbr="&longs;uperã">&longs;uperam</expan> huius infe­<lb/>rioris mundi <expan abbr="orã">oram</expan>, vbi nunc luna e&longs;t, non attollitur, & in &longs;uo pro <lb/>rio n aturalique loco exi&longs;tens &longs;ur&longs;um altius non euolat: cum<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/067.jpg" pagenum="48"/><emph type="italics"/>nullus &longs;upra locum ignis, aut &longs;ub luna, aut &longs;upra lunam, locus <lb/>inueniatur, ad quem leuia corpora a&longs;cendant: ergo leuissimus <lb/>ignis est in rerum natura immotus, qui&longs;ur&longs;um non fertur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Ab&longs;urda nec minora ex definitione per quietem data na­<lb/>&longs;cuntur: nam terra est terra, & eadem grauius, quæ &longs;ur&longs;um <lb/>po&longs;ita, & nullo modo impedita ad medium mundi de&longs;cendit, <lb/>quæ terra e&longs;t, & grauis, & <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> quie&longs;cit. </s> <s>Datur ignis, qui apud <lb/>nos genitus, & nulla ratione impeditus a&longs;cendit, qui tamen e&longs;t <lb/>ignis, & leuissimus, & &longs;ub luna non quie&longs;cit. </s> <s>Ergo de quali­<lb/>betre definita hæ grauium, & leuium definitiones non dicun <lb/>tur: quia definitio per motum data deterra in aere &longs;u&longs;pen&longs;a, <lb/>quo minus de&longs;cendat impedita, & deigni apud nos genito, & <lb/>quo minus a&longs;cendat impedito, non dicitur: & definitio, quæ <lb/>ex quiete na&longs;citur, <expan abbr="terrã">terram</expan> &longs;ur&longs;um po&longs;itam, & deor&longs;um latam, <lb/>& ignem, inter nos inuentum, & a&longs;cendentem, ambitu &longs;uo <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb/>complectitur. </s> <s>Præterea elementa in &longs;uis propriis, naturali­<lb/>bu&longs;que locis nec grauia &longs;unt, nec leuia: ergo nec a&longs;cendunt, <lb/>nec de&longs;cendunt: ergo definitio per a&longs;cen&longs;um, & de&longs;cen&longs;um da <lb/>ta, de qualibet re definita non dicitur: quia non de elementis <lb/>in &longs;uis naturalibus locis quie&longs;centibus, & definitio per quietem <lb/>ad inuenta de elementis; quæ ad propria loca feruntur, dici <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb/>potest. </s> <s>Aliquod ergo graue, & leue est in natura: cui hæ de <lb/>finitiones non conueniunt: & hæ definitiones aliquibus tribuun <lb/>tur, quæ nec grauia &longs;unt, nec leuia.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Confirmari po&longs;&longs;unt argumenta Themistij, &longs;i va&longs;tissimum <lb/>terræ corpus extra locum po&longs;itum, & &longs;uæ naturæ derelictum <lb/>ad centrum latum nihilibi offendat, quod motum impediat, <lb/>in centro non manebit: &longs;ed infra centrum &longs;uo nixu feretur: <lb/>quia <expan abbr="tãta">tanta</expan> terræ moles nullis fixis radicibus, nullique rei adhæ <lb/>rens, a qua vastissima illa magnitudo &longs;ubstentetur, quomodo<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/068.jpg" pagenum="49"/><emph type="italics"/>vltra non moueatur, &longs;ed in centro ex &longs;e ip&longs;a &longs;i&longs;tatur, vix intel <lb/>ligipotest: cum præ&longs;ertim quælibet terræ gleba etiam quam­<lb/>uis parua in &longs;ublimi po&longs;ita, & &longs;uæ naturæ derelicta, omni &longs;u­<lb/>blato impedimento, con&longs;istere nolit; &longs;ed maiori, ac celeriori, <lb/>quo potest impetu, repente deor&longs;um ruat. </s> <s>Ergo vniuer&longs;um <lb/>cerræ pondus infra centrum multo celerius præcepitabitur. <lb/></s> <s>Ergo terra dabitur, quæ terra est, & grauis: ip&longs;ata­<lb/>men ex centro a&longs;cendit; ergo graue illud non est, quod de­<lb/>&longs;cendit; &longs;ed quod a&longs;cendit: quia terræ moles dum infra cen­<lb/>trum mouetur, non de&longs;cendit; &longs;ed a&longs;cendit: ergo de qualibes <lb/>re graui hæ definitiones non dicuntur; quia non de vasti&longs;sima <lb/>terræ mole, in centro nihil offendente, quod motum impediat; <lb/>quæ infra centrum præceps ruet; & infra centrum e&longs;t locus <lb/>&longs;ur&longs;um, ergo terra erit terra, & grauis, & &longs;ur&longs;um ascendet.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head"> <s>Quæ Auerroes contra Themi&longs;tium pro Ari&longs;totele <lb/>grauia, & leuia, quam optimè definiente. <lb/></s> <s>Caput XXX.<!-- KEEP S--></s></p><p type="main"> <s>AVERROES, <emph type="italics"/>qui in excutiendis Ari&longs;totelis verissi­<lb/>mis &longs;ententiis maxima &longs;olertia &longs;emper e&longs;t v&longs;us, ambas <lb/>ha&longs;ce Ari&longs;totelis definitiones ab his Themi&longs;tij iniuriis <lb/>quam optimè vindicat: in Paraphra&longs;i libri quarti de cælo <expan abbr="cõ-mentatione">con­<lb/>mentatione</expan> vige&longs;ima&longs;eptima, de cuius &longs;ententia duo ponimus; <lb/>quorum alterum illud est.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Definitur palma, cum dicitur palma e&longs;t arbor, quæ dacti­<lb/>los producit: palmatamen non &longs;emper, &longs;ed à natura statutis <lb/>tantum temporibus dactilos edit, & est hæc definitio v&longs;que <lb/>adeo bona, vt nec meliorem, nec parem excogitare vlla vm­<lb/>quam ratio possit: palma tamen est palma, tunc cum dacti-<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/069.jpg" pagenum="50"/><emph type="italics"/>los non producit: quia hæc definitio non actum, &longs;ed &longs;olam fa­<lb/>cultatem ad edendos dactilos exprimit, idque non &longs;emper, &longs;ed <lb/>statutis à natura temporibus; vt dictum e&longs;t: atque id e&longs;t ra­<lb/>tioni con&longs;entaneum: propterea quod, cum rerum differentiæ <lb/>plerumque lateant; earumdem accidentia differentiarum lo <lb/>co tunc v&longs;urpare con&longs;ueuimus: vt &longs;crip&longs;it Ari&longs;toteles libro &longs;e <lb/>ptimo Diuinorum particula quadrage&longs;imaprima: & non ra­<lb/>ro alibi: atqui grauium, & leuium definitiones ex earumdem <lb/>accidentibus conflantur: quia propriis grauium, & leuium <lb/>differentiis, abditis illis quidem a maioribus no&longs;tris, non &longs;unt <lb/>impo&longs;ita nomina, accidentium vocibus vtimur; quæ acciden­<lb/>tia non actum, &longs;ed facultatem &longs;ignificant: ergo, & cet. <lb/></s> <s>Alterahypothe&longs;is e&longs;t: grauia, et leuia ab eadem naturali for <lb/>ma habent, vt extra proprium locum po&longs;ita, ad proprium na <lb/>turalemque locum, per&longs;e, recurrant: & quæ in proprio na­<lb/>turalique loco exi&longs;tunt, ibiper &longs;e quie&longs;cant: vt colligere licet <lb/>ex his, quæ Ari&longs;toteles &longs;crip&longs;it, libro &longs;ecundo de cælo particu­<lb/>la nonage&longs;ima & cente&longs;ima&longs;ecunda: & ex definitione natu­<lb/>ræ libro &longs;ecundo Phy&longs;icorum edita: qua de re infra agemus.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head"> <s>Quæ Themi&longs;tius aduer&longs;us &longs;ecundam hypothe&longs;im <lb/>paullo ante de&longs;criptam. </s> <s>Cap. XXXI.<!-- KEEP S--></s> </p><p type="main"> <s>HANC <emph type="italics"/>&longs;ecundam hypothe&longs;im, quamquam ex Ari­<lb/>&longs;totelis abditissimis recessibus natam, ratus e&longs;t The­<lb/>mistius dignam, quæ confutetur, libro &longs;ecundo de cæ­<lb/>lo particula nonage&longs;ima&longs;ecunda: quippe quod effectus <expan abbr="cõtra-rij">contra­<lb/>rij</expan> non ex eadem cau&longs;a, &longs;ed ex contrariis cau&longs;is na&longs;cantur: <lb/>vt te&longs;tatur Ari&longs;toteles libro quarto Metheorologicorum par <lb/>ticula trige&longs;imaquinta, & quadrage&longs;ima: &longs;ed motus & quies<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/070.jpg" pagenum="51"/><emph type="italics"/>&longs;unt duo effectus contrarij: ergo motus, & quies non ex eadem <lb/>cau&longs;a, &longs;edex diuer&longs;is cau&longs;is na&longs;cuntur: propterea contrariis <lb/>cau&longs;is hos contrarios effectus Themistius a&longs;crip&longs;it, ei quod e&longs;t <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e in medio, quietem in medio: & ei, quod e&longs;t e&longs;&longs;e extra me­<lb/>dium, motum ad medium tribuit: vt ecce graue corpus, quod <lb/>e&longs;t in medio, stat immotum in medio: ergo ab hoc, quod e&longs;t e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>in medio, graue habet quietem in medio: & idem corpus gra­<lb/>ue extra medium, ad medium cietur: ergo ab hoc, quod est <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e extra medium, graue habet, vt moueatur ad medium: <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e intra, & e&longs;&longs;e extra &longs;unt cau&longs;æ contrariæ quæ hos <expan abbr="cõtra-rios">contra­<lb/>rios</expan> motus, & quietis effectus producunt: quod de graui cor­<lb/>pore diximus, est de leui dicendum: ignis enim, ab hoc, quod <lb/>est e&longs;&longs;e in loco &longs;upra quem nunc lunam videmus, habet, vt ibi <lb/>quie&longs;cat, & idem ignis, ab hoc, quod est e&longs;&longs;e infra &longs;uum lo­<lb/>cum, habet vt ad eumdem moueatur: quod itaque grauia <lb/>deor&longs;um, & leuia &longs;ur&longs;um cieantur, ei, quod est e&longs;&longs;e extra pro­<lb/>prium locum referri debet acceptum; & quod grauia deor­<lb/>&longs;um, & leuia &longs;ur&longs;um quie&longs;cant, dandum est ei, quod e&longs;t e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>in propriis locis.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head"> <s>Quæ pro Ari&longs;totele contra Themi&longs;tium ab Auer­<lb/>roe &longs;cribantur. </s> <s>Cap. XXXII.<!-- KEEP S--></s> </p><p type="main"> <s>AVERROES <emph type="italics"/>omni genere laudis abundans Philo&longs;o­<lb/>phus verissimam Ari&longs;totelis &longs;ententiam dignissimam <lb/>putat, quæ à Themistij calumniis defendatur: idque <lb/>vt commodius fiat, primo fal&longs;am Themi&longs;tij &longs;ententiam ener­<lb/>uabimus; &longs;ecundo &longs;copulum indicabimus, in quem Themi&longs;tius <lb/>impegit: tertio argumenti illius, cui Themi&longs;tius innitebatur, <lb/>exitum explicabimus. </s> <s>Quod ad primum attinet; ex Auerroe<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/071.jpg" pagenum="52"/><emph type="italics"/>in Themi&longs;tium nonnulla argumenta colligimus, quorum pri­<lb/>mum illud e&longs;t.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Eadem e&longs;t cau&longs;a finis, & eorum quæ &longs;unt ad finem: &longs;ed <lb/>quies e&longs;t finis motus, & motus in quietem, vt in finem ordina­<lb/>tur: ergo eadem e&longs;t cau&longs;a motus, & quietis elementorum: &longs;i <lb/>itaque cau&longs;a motus e&longs;t e&longs;&longs;e extra proprium locum, eadem erit <lb/>cau&longs;a quietis: ergo ab hoc, quod est e&longs;&longs;e extra proprium <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan>, <lb/>elementa habent vt in proprio loco quie&longs;cant: & &longs;i elementa <lb/>in &longs;uis locis quie&longs;cunt, quia &longs;unt in illis; ad &longs;ua propria loca mo<lb/>uebuntur, propterea quod &longs;unt in propriis locis: quæ &longs;unt <expan abbr="tã">tam</expan> <lb/>fal&longs;a, quam fal&longs;issima, & tam ab&longs;urda, quam ab&longs;urdissima: <lb/>ergo fal&longs;a, & ab&longs;urda est &longs;ententia Themistij; ex qua hæc <lb/>fal&longs;a, & ab&longs;urda &longs;equuntur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Secundo argumentor: Po&longs;itis cau&longs;is, & effectus ab ei&longs;dem <lb/>cau&longs;is manantes omnino ponuntur: vt exi&longs;tente igni, calor exi <lb/>&longs;tit, ex oriente &longs;ole, lux oritur; &longs;ed e&longs;&longs;e extra medium e&longs;t cau­<lb/>&longs;a quare terreum corpus moueatur ad medium: ergo omne <lb/>corpus quod erit extra medium, ad medium mouebitur: ergo <lb/>leuissimus ignis extra medium collocatus ad medium de&longs;cen­<lb/>det: & e&longs;&longs;e in medio e&longs;t cau&longs;a, qua in medio graue quie&longs;cat: <lb/>ergo omne corpus, quodin medio erit, in medio quie&longs;cet: ergo &longs;i <lb/>leuissimum ignem in medio constituere contingerit in medio <lb/>quie&longs;cet: quæ omnia præter quam quod fal&longs;a &longs;unt, &longs;unt <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb/>ab&longs;urda: ergo vt fal&longs;a, & ab&longs;urda explodenda &longs;ententia The <lb/>mi&longs;tij e&longs;t; ex qua hæc fal&longs;a, & ab&longs;urda na&longs;cuntur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Quod ad &longs;ecundam partem, quam paullo ante polliciti&longs;u­<lb/>mus pertinet: ratus e&longs;t Auerroes hallucinatum fui&longs;&longs;e The­<lb/>mi&longs;tium, quod in eam captionem impegerit, quæ dicitur &longs;ecun<lb/>dum quid ad &longs;impliciter; attulit enim cau&longs;am &longs;ecundum quid <lb/>horum effectuum; quæ &longs;impliciter, & ab&longs;olutè cau&longs;a non est;<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/072.jpg" pagenum="53"/><emph type="italics"/>sed tantum &longs;ecundum quid, immo &longs;ola e&longs;t di&longs;po&longs;itio cau&longs;æ &longs;im <lb/>pliciter: verbi gratia corporis grauis in centro exi&longs;tentis gra­<lb/>uitas e&longs;t cau&longs;a, quam ob rem graue in centro maneat; & ea­<lb/>dem grauitas eiu&longs;dem corporis grauis extra centrum exi&longs;ten­<lb/>tis, est cau&longs;a, qam ob rem graue ad centrum moueatur: e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>ergo in centro, vt extra <expan abbr="centrũ">centrum</expan>, non &longs;unt cau&longs;æ motus, & quie­<lb/>tis in centro, & ad centrum; &longs;ed &longs;unt di&longs;po&longs;itiones contrariæ <lb/>eiusdem grauitatis; ex qua ad numerum eadem grauitate, <lb/>contrariis di&longs;po&longs;itionibus di&longs;po&longs;ita contrarij effectus na&longs;cun­<lb/>tur: nam idem &longs;ecundum idem, re&longs;pectu eiu&longs;dem, & eidem, <lb/>contrariorum cau&longs;a e&longs;&longs;e non pote&longs;t, vt auctor e&longs;t Aristoteles <lb/>libro quarto Metheorologicorum particula trige&longs;ima&longs;exta: <lb/>&longs;ub diuer&longs;is tamen, vel (vt melius dicam) sub contrariis di­<lb/>&longs;po&longs;itionibus, potest idem e&longs;&longs;e cau&longs;a contrariorum, vt Ari­<lb/>&longs;toteles scriptum reliquit secundo Phy&longs;icorum particula tri­<lb/>ge&longs;ima; &longs;icut &longs;igubernator, &longs;i ad&longs;it, e&longs;t cau&longs;a &longs;alutis in naui; <lb/>&longs;iverò ab&longs;it, causa e&longs;t nauis vt mergatur: & id propriè verum <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e in cau&longs;is efficientibus, atque mouentibus Ari&longs;toteles &longs;cri <lb/>p&longs;it libro quinto Diuinorum particula &longs;ecunda: Ex eadem er <lb/>go cau&longs;a faciente, atque mouente, contrario modo di&longs;po&longs;ita ef­<lb/>fectus contrarij na&longs;cuntur: quo fit, vt grauitas corporis gra­<lb/>uis in centro existentis, cau&longs;a &longs;it quietis, & grauitas corporis <lb/>grauis extra centrum po&longs;iti &longs;it cau&longs;a motus: & leuitas cor­<lb/>poris leuis &longs;ub luna immediatè quie&longs;oentis, &longs;it cau&longs;a quietis: & <lb/>grauitas corporis grauis extra centrum con&longs;tituti, &longs;it cau&longs;a <lb/>motus, vt diximus: & leuitas corporis leuis, &longs;ub proprio na­<lb/>turalique loco inuenti, &longs;it cau&longs;a motus: cau&longs;a ergo, quæ facit <lb/>motum, & quietem, e&longs;t, numero eadem: &longs;ed di&longs;po&longs;itiones, <expan abbr="hãc">hanc</expan> <lb/>eamdem cau&longs;am numero vnam di&longs;ponentes, &longs;unt contrariæ. <lb/></s> <s>Hallucinatus e&longs;t ergo Themi&longs;tius, qui di&longs;po&longs;itiones cau&longs;æ agen<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/073.jpg" pagenum="54"/><emph type="italics"/>tis cau&longs;as agentes e&longs;&longs;e crediderit: eam obrem in fallaciam in <lb/>cidit, quæ secundum quid ad &longs;impliciter nuncupatur, dum <lb/>cau&longs;as secundum quid eo honore affecit, quo &longs;impliciter, & <lb/>ab&longs;olutæ cau&longs;æ affici debuerant: hæc ad argumenti <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>. <lb/></s> <s>Nunc ad eiu&longs;dem argumenti formam est tertio loco re&longs;pon­<lb/>dendum. </s> <s>Dixerat Themistius, contrariorum effectuum, <lb/>vna & eadem numero cau&longs;a e&longs;&longs;e non potest: sed <expan abbr="cõtrariæ">contrariæ</expan> ne­<lb/>ce&longs;&longs;e est vt &longs;int contrariorum effectuum cau&longs;æ: cui re&longs;pon­<lb/>dendum e&longs;t; &longs;i eadem causa &longs;it eodem modo di&longs;po&longs;ita, id est <lb/>vero verius quod Ari&longs;totelem scrip&longs;i&longs;&longs;e libro quarto Metheo <lb/>rologicorum paullo ante memorauimus: sed &longs;i dixerimus <expan abbr="vnã">vnam</expan> <lb/>hanc, atque eamdem causam non e&longs;&longs;e eodem modo di&longs;po&longs;i­<lb/>tam, sed modis contrariis: tunc ex eadem causa numero <lb/>contrario modo di&longs;po&longs;ita, contrarij effectus na&longs;cuntur: vt <lb/>Aristotelem libro secundo Phy&longs;icorum literis con&longs;ignaui&longs;&longs;e <lb/>nunc diximus. </s> <s>maior ergo propo&longs;itio Themistij per inficia­<lb/>tionem, vt fal&longs;a diluitur, &longs;i ab&longs;olutè proferatur: &longs;i ei­<lb/>dem numero cau&longs;æ di&longs;po&longs;itiones contrariæ additæ fuerint, <lb/>vt vera datur, qua ratione argumentum tollitur; Nec &longs;equi­<lb/>tur, graue in medio collocatum &longs;tat in medio: ergo ab hoc, <lb/>quod e&longs;t e&longs;&longs;e in medio, graue habet, vt quie&longs;cat in medio; perin <lb/>deac non &longs;equitur, graue extra medium po&longs;itum ad medium <lb/>fertur: ergo ab hoc, quod e&longs;t e&longs;&longs;e extra medium, graue habet <lb/>vt moueatur ad medium: Vera ergo est &longs;ecunda hypothe&longs;is, <lb/>quam vti veram po&longs;uimus: & quæ à Themi&longs;tio contra eam­<lb/>dem dicuntur, nullum momentum habent.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><pb xlink:href="011/01/074.jpg" pagenum="55"/><p type="head"> <s>Exitus <expan abbr="argumentorũ">argumentorum</expan>, quibus Themi&longs;tius Ari&longs;tote­<lb/>lis definitiònes labefactare conatur, <expan abbr="dũgrauia">dungrauia</expan>, & <lb/>leuia definit, explicatur. </s> <s>Cap. XXXIII.<!-- KEEP S--></s> </p><p type="main"> <s>RATIONI <emph type="italics"/>con&longs;entaneum e&longs;t, vt postquam vidimus, <lb/>quæ Themi&longs;tius aduer&longs;us Ari&longs;totelem &longs;crip&longs;it, ex dua­<lb/>bus hypothe&longs;ibus capite vige&longs;imonono po&longs;itis, Themi&longs;tij<lb/>argumenta diluantur. </s> <s>Cum ergo dixit; terram in aere &longs;u&longs;pen <lb/>&longs;am deor&longs;um non ferri, & ideo <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> e&longs;&longs;e grauem, <expan abbr="re&longs;põdet">re&longs;pondet</expan> Auer <lb/>roes, & argumenta in Themi&longs;tium mirabiliter retorquet. <lb/></s> <s>Palma (in quit) hiemis tempore dactilos non edit; ergo palma, <lb/>tunc non e&longs;t palma: quod e&longs;t tam fal&longs;um, quam fal&longs;issimum. <lb/></s> <s>Fal&longs;um ergo erit Themi&longs;tij dictum; terra in aere &longs;u&longs;pen&longs;a non <lb/>de&longs;cendit: ergo non e&longs;t terra, cum non de&longs;cendat; & ignis apud <lb/>nos genitus, & quo minus a&longs;cendat impeditus, ad <expan abbr="&longs;uperã">&longs;uperam</expan> huius <lb/>mundi <expan abbr="orã">oram</expan> non attollitur: ergo <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> e&longs;t ignis, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> non a&longs;cendat: & <lb/>terra, quæ stat in centro non mouetur ad centrum; & quæ e&longs;t <lb/>extra <expan abbr="centrũnõ">centrunnon</expan> quie&longs;cit, ni&longs;i impediatur: ergo <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> est terra, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <lb/><expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> quie&longs;cat. </s> <s>Et ignis &longs;ub luna ad <expan abbr="lunã">lunam</expan> non attollitur; et e&longs;t ignis <lb/>& leuissimus, & idem ignis extra <expan abbr="&longs;uũ">&longs;uum</expan> naturalem locum non <lb/>quie&longs;cit, ni&longs;i impeditus; ergo <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> e&longs;t ignis; ergo definitiones de iis <lb/>omnibus <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> dicuntur, de quibus dici debent: immo de multis di <lb/>cuntur, de quibus fas non e&longs;&longs;et, vt <expan abbr="dicer&etilde;tur">dicerentur</expan>: vt de elementis in <lb/>&longs;uis naturalibus locis quie&longs;centibus; quæibinec grauia sunt, nec <lb/>leuia, nec mouentur; et de elementis, quægrauia &longs;unt, & leuia, <lb/>aliquando tamen, <expan abbr="cũimpediantur">cunimpediantur</expan>, extra proprium <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> quie­<lb/>&longs;cunt: <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> hæc omnia fal&longs;a &longs;int, per omnium argumentorum in <lb/>ficiationem &longs;ingula <expan abbr="diluũtur">diluuntur</expan>, quippe quod hæ definitiones <expan abbr="solã">solam</expan> <lb/>energiam, & <expan abbr="facultat&etilde;">facultatem</expan> &longs;ine aliquo perpetuo actu &longs;ignificent.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><pb xlink:href="011/01/075.jpg" pagenum="56"/><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Terra it aque vbicum que &longs;it, est terra, & grauis, &longs;iue mo­<lb/>ueatur, &longs;iue quie&longs;cat, & ignis in quocumque loco inueniatur <lb/>est ignis, & leuis, &longs;iue a&longs;cendat, &longs;iue non; de quorum vtroque <lb/>elemento, ver aque grauium, & leuium definitio eatenus dici­<lb/>tur quo ad vtrum que elementum, seu graue, seu leue, &longs;olam <lb/>energiam, & &longs;olam innatam propen&longs;ionem ad motum adlo­<lb/>cum, & ad quietem in loco habet; &longs;iue ad centrum, &longs;iue in cen <lb/>tro, &longs;iue ad lunæ concauum, &longs;iue &longs;ub lunæ concauo. </s> <s>Porrò ab <lb/>eadem natur ali vtriu&longs;que grauis, & leuis corporis forma, hæc <lb/>innata propen&longs;io ad motum na&longs;citur, à qua quies in proprio <lb/>natur alique eorumdem loco exoritur. </s> <s>cxplodenda e&longs;t ergo in <lb/>hac parte fal&longs;a Themi&longs;tij &longs;ententia, & vera Ari&longs;totelis est <lb/>omnino probanda.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Ad confirmationem no&longs;tram, quam pro Themictij parte <lb/>adduximus, re&longs;pondemus. </s> <s>Terræ va&longs;tissima, & grauissima <lb/>moles &longs;uæ naturæ derelicta, ad centrum lata, &longs;i nihilibi of­<lb/>fendat, quod illius motum impediat, infra centrum &longs;uo nixu <lb/>non feretur, &longs;ed quie&longs;cet; nec vltra promoueri poterit, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> pro­<lb/>pter radices infinitas, quas in parte in feriore habeat, vt Ze­<lb/>nophanes Colophonius affirmauit. </s> <s>Non propter aquam &longs;ubie­<lb/>ctam, vt Tales mile&longs;ius; Non propter aerem suppo&longs;itum vt <lb/>Anaxagoras, at que Democritus crediderunt: à quibus, aqua <lb/>&longs;cilicet atque aere lata terræ figura sub&longs;tentaretur. </s> <s>Non pro <lb/>pter ocissimam cæli conuer&longs;ionem, vt Empedocles tradidit: <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb/>propter æquabilitatem, vt Anaximander docuit; sed quia <lb/>&longs;ic &longs;tatutum e&longs;t à natura, vt corpora omnia grauia vndecum­<lb/>que deor&longs;um ferantur ad totius mundi centrum descendat, il­<lb/>ludque pertran&longs;ire non possint; sedibi quie&longs;cant: alioqui con­<lb/>tranaturam propriam iterum in sublime volabunt: omnes <lb/>enim totius mundipartes, vbicumque extra centrum extite-<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/076.jpg" pagenum="57"/><emph type="italics"/>rint, &longs;ursum e&longs;&longs;e dicuntur, & re uera &longs;unt; vt docet Aricto­<lb/>teles in his, quæ de cælo, & mundo: &longs;icut tota terra in centro <lb/>&longs;istetur, it a & quælibet eius particula: nam ad eumdem lo­<lb/>cum totum, & partes natura mouentur, & in eodem loco <lb/>natura manent.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head"> <s>Difficultas &longs;oluitur, qua probari po&longs;&longs;e videtur, ele <lb/>menta dum quie&longs;cunt, elementa non e&longs;&longs;e, &longs;ed <lb/>tantum, dum mouentur. </s> <s>Ca. <!-- REMOVE S-->XXXIIII.<!-- KEEP S--></s> </p><p type="main"> <s>DVABVS <emph type="italics"/>elementorum definitionibus explanatis, quæ <lb/>rum alter a per motum, alter a per <expan abbr="quiet&etilde;">quietem</expan> datur, aduer­<lb/>&longs;us elementorum quietem argumentum ex Ari&longs;totele <lb/>texitur, qui octauo Phy&longs;icorum particula prima scrip&longs;it: Mo <lb/>tum e&longs;&longs;e <expan abbr="vitã">vitam</expan> eorum omnium, quæ natur a con&longs;i&longs;tunt, & duode <lb/>cimo Diuinorum dixit. </s> <s>Deum æterno tempore mouere, quia <lb/>&longs;uam perennem vitam in perenni motu con&longs;i&longs;tere intelligit: <lb/>&longs;ed elementa natura con&longs;i&longs;tunt; ergo motus e&longs;t eorum vita; er­<lb/>go quies e&longs;t eorum mors: per locum ab oppo&longs;itis, ergo <expan abbr="elem&etilde;ta">elementa</expan>, <lb/>dum quie&longs;cunt, non sunt elementa, &longs;ed <expan abbr="tantū">tantum</expan>, dum mouentur. <lb/></s> <s>Re&longs;pondeo primo ad materiam; &longs;ecundo ad formam. </s> <s>Adma <lb/>teriam &longs;ciendum; ea quæ per &longs;e in&longs;unt, rei natur am magis, <lb/>& melius explicare, iis quæper accidens ine&longs;&longs;e dicuntur; vt <lb/>participatio rationis, quæ per &longs;e e&longs;t in homine, hominis <expan abbr="naturā">naturam</expan> <lb/>magis, & melius explicat, quam aut albedo, aut nigredo; quæ <lb/>&longs;unt hominis accidentia; <expan abbr="quāquam">quanquam</expan> ad intelligendam rei natu <lb/>ram non &longs;olum nece&longs;&longs;arium e&longs;t ea, quæ per &longs;e in&longs;unt, cogno&longs;ce­<lb/>re, &longs;ed & ea etiam, quæ accidunt rei cogno&longs;cendæ, ad cogni­<lb/>tionem naturæ magnum adferunt momentum; vt Aricto­<lb/>teles docuit libro primo de anima particula vndecima.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><pb xlink:href="011/01/077.jpg" pagenum="58"/><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Secundo loco &longs;ciendum finem ad rei naturam proximius <lb/>accedere, eamdemque magis explicare, & e&longs;&longs;e nobiliorem <lb/>quam &longs;int ea, quæ it a ordinantur, vt ad finem tendant.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Tertio not andum, vita duplex: quædam rudis, & incoa­<lb/>ta, propterea imperfecta: quædam omnino expleta: elementa <lb/>dum mouentur non &longs;ecundam, &longs;ed primam vitam, per quam <lb/>ad <expan abbr="&longs;ecũdam">&longs;ecundam</expan> vt ad perfectionem tendunt, viuunt. </s> <s>Quamquam <lb/>hic vitam impropriè v&longs;urpamus: nam propriè &longs;olis corporibus <lb/>animatis ab Ari&longs;totele libro &longs;ecundo de anima vita tribui­<lb/>tur: quæ animata corpora propriè augentur, ac nutriuntur, <lb/>& cum ad maturam ætatem peruenerint, &longs;imile gignunt; ni­<lb/>&longs;i mutila &longs;int.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Quarto animaduertendum: elementa per &longs;e quie&longs;cere, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb/>moueri ni&longs;i per accidens: vt &longs;upra diximus: & elementorum <lb/>quietem e&longs;&longs;e eorumdem finem, in quem tendunt; dum mouen­<lb/>tur, vt infra demon&longs;trabimus de &longs;ententia Aristotelis libro <lb/>quarto de cælo particula vige&longs;imaquinta. </s> <s>Sciendum <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> est <lb/>vitam ex elementorum quiete natam, e&longs;&longs;e perfectam: ad <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> <lb/><expan abbr="eorũdem">eorundem</expan> vita imperfecta, quæ ex motu pendet, natur atendit.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Ex his ad formam: Totum primum argumentum detur, <lb/>&longs;i de imperfecta vita intelligatur: & minor inficiatione dilua­<lb/>tur, &longs;i de vita omnino expleta eamdem intelligere velint.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Ad locum, qui ab oppo&longs;itis petebatur dicimus: elementorum <lb/>motum vitam imperfectam ex motu manantem finire; non <lb/>autem perfectam; quæ non ex motu, sed ex quiete manat: <lb/>immo in ip&longs;amet quiete con&longs;i&longs;tit. </s> <s>Adlócum Ari&longs;totelis libro <lb/>duodecimo Diuinorum re&longs;pondendum: Cælum & Naturam <lb/><expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> moueri à Deo ni&longs;i metaphoricè per modum intellecti ama­<lb/>ti, & de&longs;iderati, qui motus e&longs;t qui ti, quam motui &longs;imilior; in <lb/>hac quiete Deus &longs;e <expan abbr="tantũ">tantum</expan> amat, atque intelligit; in quo aman-<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/078.jpg" pagenum="59"/><emph type="italics"/>di, & intelligendi actu quie&longs;cit: vitamque ab&longs;olutissimam, ac <lb/>beatissimam viuit, nullius extrin&longs;icæ rei indigentem, &longs;ed copiis <lb/>omnibus intrin&longs;icis, quæ ad diuinam perfectionem pertinere <lb/>videantur, <expan abbr="abũdantem">abundantem</expan>: ex qua vita numeris omnibus ab&longs;olu­<lb/>tissima cæle&longs;tium <expan abbr="globorũ">globorum</expan> motus con&longs;equitur: non enim Deus, <lb/>vt figulus rotam, it a manu, quam <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> habet, cælum mouet, &longs;ed <lb/>intellectu, & voluntate: ideo, per modum intellecti amati, ac <lb/>de&longs;iderati; Con&longs;i&longs;tit ergo vita Dei perennis in actu intelligen­<lb/>di, & amandi &longs;e ip&longs;um: qui intelligendi, & amandi actus, e&longs;t <lb/>quieti &longs;imilior, quam motui, vt diximus, & non in actu mouen <lb/>di quantumuis metaphorico; quibus de rebus, grauissimis illis, <lb/>& &longs;anctissimis quidem <expan abbr="nũc">nunc</expan> agendum non e&longs;t: præ&longs;ertim cum <lb/>&longs;ecundum verit atem verissimæ religionis no&longs;træ fal&longs;a &longs;int hæc; <lb/>quæ à &longs;acris Doctoribus scholasticis, vulgo appellatis, Ari&longs;to­<lb/>teli a&longs;cribuntur: Roget quis: cum omnia grauia ad medium <lb/>ferantur, vtrum ne ad mundi medium &longs;uapte natura de&longs;cen­<lb/>dant, quæ graues &longs;unt terræ partes, quatenus vniuer&longs;i <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> <lb/>est, an quod terræ tantum est medium. </s> <s>Re&longs;pondeo quamuis <lb/>totius mundi, & terræ medium idem e&longs;&longs;e conting at, terræ ta­<lb/>men partes, quæ graues &longs;unt, non adterræ, quatenus terræ, <lb/>&longs;ed quatenus vniuer&longs;i medium e&longs;t, natura feruntur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Timæus Locrus in libro de anima mundi, & natura ab <lb/>Ari&longs;totelis &longs;ententia alienus non videtur: qui graue, & leue <lb/>(inquit) iudicat tactus, & ratio definit ex inclinatione ad <lb/>medium, & à medio. </s> <s>Deor&longs;um enim & medium ambo, id e&longs;t <lb/>tactus & ratio, idem cen&longs;ent: nam globi <expan abbr="centrũ">centrum</expan> e&longs;t deor&longs;um, <lb/>quod est extra centrum ad extremum ambitum &longs;ur&longs;um: ad <lb/>quæ duo contraria loca grauia, & leuia &longs;implicia corporana <lb/>tura cientur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><pb xlink:href="011/01/079.jpg" pagenum="60"/><p type="head"> <s>Quid &longs;it, elementa à &longs;e per &longs;e moueri: in quo de <lb/>multiplici mouendi principio. <lb/></s> <s>Cap. XXXV.<!-- KEEP S--></s> </p><p type="main"> <s>MVLTA <emph type="italics"/>hactenus diximus, quæ ad elementorum <lb/>naturam explic andam pertinere videbantur; <expan abbr="nũc">nunc</expan> ad <lb/>ea explananda, par e&longs;t, vt aggrediamur, quæ ad ele­<lb/>mentorum motus principium agno&longs;cendum, nos, veluti manu <lb/>ducere po&longs;&longs;unt. </s> <s>Corpora ergo hæe elementorum &longs;implicia mo­<lb/>ueri à &longs;e per &longs;e, nihil e&longs;t aliud, quam ea habere congenitum <lb/>principium intrin&longs;ecum &longs;ui motus naturalis, & hoc <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> <lb/>est duplex; quoddam primum, & <expan abbr="cõmunissimum">communissimum</expan> nempe na­<lb/>tura, quæ est principium motus, & &longs;tatus, illius in quo e&longs;t: pri­<lb/>mum, & per &longs;e, non per aliud, alienaque vi, quod est per acci­<lb/>dens: vt &longs;crip&longs;it Ari&longs;toteles libro &longs;ecundo de Phy&longs;ico auditu <lb/>particula tertia, de quo communissimo motionum principio <lb/>hic verba non facimus: quippe cum, per hoc principium, &longs;im­<lb/>plicia à mixtis corporibus, in motu nulla ratione differant: <lb/>quandoquidem &longs;implicium, & mixtorum naturæ, ac motio­<lb/>nes à naturis manantes, &longs;ub eamdem communem naturæ de­<lb/>finitionem cadant: immo ratione huius primi, & communi&longs;­<lb/>&longs;imi principij nulla e&longs;t inter res, & motus naturales differen­<lb/>tia: quod res naturales &longs;eu &longs;implices, &longs;eu mixtæ, & <expan abbr="earũdem">earundem</expan> <lb/>naturalium rerum motiones, quibus &longs;u&longs;que, deque aguntur, <lb/>huius primi communissimi principij complexu coerceantur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Hac eadem ratione cælum, quod & ip&longs;um, vt vniuer&longs;alis <lb/>cau&longs;a elementa mouet, &longs;emper excipimus, quando particula­<lb/>res <expan abbr="motuũ">motuum</expan> cau&longs;as hic inue&longs;tigare decreuimus. </s> <s>A cælo enim, <lb/>vt ab vniuer&longs;ali cau&longs;a, reliqua omnia, dum naturam, & <expan abbr="vitã">vitam</expan><emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/080.jpg" pagenum="61"/><emph type="italics"/>ita motum etiam habent à natura fluentem: id quod texta­<lb/>tus est Ari&longs;toteles libro primo de cælo, & mundo particula <lb/>cente&longs;ima. </s> <s>Cælum enim omnia continens, cuncta moderatur, <lb/>& hanc elementorum vniuer&longs;itatem recta ratione, ordine cer <lb/>to, & con&longs;tanti <expan abbr="cõ&longs;tantia">con&longs;tantia</expan> mouet immutabili: e&longs;t autem ip&longs;ius <lb/>certaratio, lex naturæ, &longs;umma quippe uis in&longs;ita in elemen­<lb/>tis; cui naturæ legi, ceu Imperatori cuidam, dum mouentur <lb/>elementa, parent: & &longs;ine qua, nec con&longs;i&longs;terent, nec moueren­<lb/>tur, atque hæc quidem lex e&longs;t, cum æterno <expan abbr="mũdo">mundo</expan> æterna apud <lb/>Aristotelem: Verùm apud Platonem in Timæo, vna cum <lb/>nato mundo nata è&longs;umma est mente, Deique numine immor <lb/>tali profecta. </s> <s>Abhac vniuer&longs;ali naturæ lege à cælo particu­<lb/>laris cuiu&longs;que elementi natura, & lex communicatur: vt do­<lb/>cta di&longs;putatione confirmat Alexander Aphrodi&longs;ien&longs;is libro <lb/>&longs;ecundo quæstionum naturalium capite tertio. </s> <s>Ab hac par­<lb/>ticulari <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> natura &longs;tabili, & rata particulari impe­<lb/>tu elementa duci, motiones particulares perfici, vniuer&longs;ali, <lb/>ac Diuinæ legi naturæ obtemperare, & vna qua&longs;i con&longs;en­<lb/>&longs;ione, iussis &longs;upernæ legis contineri illius dicto parere, vt par <lb/>est, infra demon&longs;trabimus. </s> <s>Hoc alterum e&longs;t particulare il­<lb/>lud, & proprium motionis principium, quod in hac no&longs;tra di­<lb/>&longs;putatione inuenire contendimus; per quod corporum <expan abbr="&longs;impliciũ">&longs;implicium</expan> <lb/>naturæ, ac motiones, quibus &longs;implicia corpora aut &longs;ur&longs;um, aut <lb/>deor&longs;um concitantur, à mixtorum naturis, ac motionibus di­<lb/>&longs;crepant: quo principio &longs;implicia corpora grauia, & leuia na­<lb/>turali, ac proprio motu cientur. </s> <s>Hoc <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> proprium, & <lb/>particulare illudest, quod in hodiernam hanc <expan abbr="quæstion&etilde;">quæstionem</expan> vo­<lb/>catur; dum quæritur, Vtrum ne <expan abbr="elem&etilde;torum">elementorum</expan> corpora ab hoc <lb/>particulari, ac proprio principio moueantur: an verò ab alio <lb/>extrin&longs;eco incitentur. </s> <s>Porrò huius primi principij adhuc mul<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/081.jpg" pagenum="62"/><emph type="italics"/>tæ &longs;unt differentiæ: & illius, quod actui primo, & illius, quod <lb/>actui &longs;ecundo proportione re&longs;pondet. </s> <s>Quoddam (exempli gra <lb/>tia) in actu intelligendi refert animam, quoddam verò &longs;cien­<lb/>tiam, quorum vtroque intelligimus: &longs;ed hoc alterum e&longs;t vt &longs;ub <lb/>stantia, alterum vt habitus. </s> <s>Principium, quod e&longs;t vt &longs;ub&longs;tan­<lb/>tia, duobus modis con&longs;ideratur: Primo vt actus primus, &longs;ecun<lb/>do vt actus &longs;ecundus: per actum primum nos formam intelli­<lb/>gimus <expan abbr="efformãtem">efformantem</expan> materiam; dum in nullum opus egreditur, <lb/>&longs;ed feriatur, ac ce&longs;&longs;at. </s> <s>Per actum &longs;ecundum eamdem <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> <lb/>intelligendam putamus, dum agendo facultatem innatam, & <lb/>vim propriam exerit: non autem &longs;olam formæ actionem: vt <lb/>alij complures intellexerunt, quorum errorem libro &longs;ecundo <lb/>de anima demon&longs;trauimus: vt puer, in cuius corpore anima in <lb/>e&longs;t, & dormit, particeps e&longs;t actus primi, &longs;ine &longs;ecundo: porrò <lb/>cum in eo vigiliæ vigent, & primus actus ad aliquod opus egre <lb/>ditur, &longs;ecundi actus iam factus e&longs;t particeps. </s> <s>Elementorum <lb/>quies actui primo, cuius nullus est u&longs;us, & qui adopus non <lb/>redigitur; & eorumdem motus actui &longs;ecundo, qui redactus <lb/>e&longs;t ad opus, re&longs;pondent.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Partitionis pars prior est Ari&longs;totelis libro &longs;ecundo de ani <lb/>ma particula decima, pars po&longs;terior est eiu&longs;dem in eodem li­<lb/>bro particula quinta. </s> <s>Tota partitio ex particula trige&longs;ima <lb/>prima libri octaui Phy&longs;icorum colligipote&longs;t.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Motus illæ, qui e&longs;t actus &longs;ecundus de quo nunc agimus, ge­<lb/>minus e&longs;t: alter adlocum, alter e&longs;t ad alias motionum &longs;pecies. <lb/></s> <s>Primus adhuc e&longs;t duorum generum naturalis alter, alter vio­<lb/>lentus. </s> <s>Naturalis motus illæ e&longs;t, qui fit à principio intrin&longs;eco, <lb/>quod nihil est aliud, quam natura. </s> <s>Violentus autem, cuius <lb/>cau&longs;a, & principium est extrin&longs;e us ad quod principium ex­<lb/>trin&longs;ecus mouens, nihil adiumenti affert id quod impellitur: vt<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/082.jpg" pagenum="63"/><emph type="italics"/>dixit Ari&longs;toteles libro tertio cihicorum capite primo. </s> <s>Mo­<lb/>tus etiam adlocum alter à natura, alter ab arte fit.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head"> <s>Ex his, quæ hactenus di&longs;putata fuerunt, totius con­<lb/>qui&longs;itionis caput explanatur. </s> <s>Cap. XXXVI.<!-- KEEP S--></s> </p><p type="main"> <s>DERELICTO <emph type="italics"/>ergo Diuino corpore, illius que perenni <lb/>motione, de iis corporibus &longs;implicibus, quæ locum hunc <lb/>vniuer&longs;um, qui &longs;ub luna e&longs;t, implent quæ vel grauia <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan> <lb/>vel leuia, &longs;iue ab&longs;olutè, &longs;iue comparatè hic agimus; & eorum <lb/>dem motionum cau&longs;as hoc loco inuestigamus: motus mixtos, <lb/>mixtorum corporum nunc non attingimus; &longs;iue animata &longs;int, <lb/>&longs;iue non: nam priora ab anima, po&longs;teriora ab eo elemento mi <lb/>xto motu mouentur, quod in eis præualet, & nos non mixti, <lb/>&longs;ed &longs;implicis motus cau&longs;as quærimus. </s> <s>Quæ&longs;tio igitur e&longs;t: <expan abbr="vtrũ">vtrum</expan> <lb/>ne &longs;implicia elementorum corpora habeant in &longs;e ip&longs;is congeni <lb/>tum principium intrin&longs;ecum &longs;ui motus ad locum, non ad alias <lb/>motionum &longs;pecies, natur alis, non violenti, nec ab arte manan­<lb/>tis, non remotum, & maximè commune, &longs;ed particulare, & <lb/>proximum; non quod tantum e&longs;t, vt habitus, &longs;ed etiam vt &longs;ub­<lb/>stantia, non actu &longs;olum primo, &longs;ed actu &longs;ecundo.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>De capite quæ&longs;tionis hactenus: nunc promissionum ra­<lb/>tio po&longs;tulat, vt ad &longs;ecundam controuer&longs;iæ <lb/>partem eadem methodo ab&longs;oluen­<lb/>dam aggrediamur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><pb xlink:href="011/01/083.jpg" pagenum="64"/><p type="head"> <s>FERDINANDO MEDICI <lb/>CARDINALI AMPLISSIMO.<!-- KEEP S--></s></p><p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Hieronymus Borrius. <!-- KEEP S--></s> <s>S.D.<emph.end type="italics"/><!-- KEEP S--></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Ego verò (Cardinalis Ampli&longs;&longs;ime) plenam illam <lb/>tractationem edere malui&longs;&longs;em, quam pluribus la­<lb/>boribus, <expan abbr="multorumq.">multorumque</expan> annorum vigiliis in globo­<lb/>rum c&ecedil;le&longs;tium naturam compo&longs;ui: Illam enim & <lb/>ætati me&ecedil; iam iam ingraue&longs;centi, & ad c&ecedil;le&longs;tia Re­<lb/>gna maturanti, ae tibi, qui Cardinalis es, magis <expan abbr="cõ-uenire">con­<lb/>uenire</expan> <expan abbr="videbã">videbam</expan>, & nonnullam afferre po&longs;&longs;e delecta­<lb/>tionem, &longs;i eamdem vel &longs;emel tantum legi&longs;&longs;es, exi&longs;timabam, tum ob an <lb/>tiquitatis <expan abbr="innouation&etilde;">innouationem</expan>, qu&ecedil; temporum iniuria collap&longs;a perierat, tum <lb/>ob multiplicem variarum rerum tractationem, &longs;ine quibus c&ecedil;le&longs;tium <lb/>corporum naturæ & uires neque intelligi, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> vlla ratione explicari <lb/>po&longs;&longs;unt. </s> <s>Verum cum ego omni diligentia cæteris &longs;atisfecerim omni­<lb/>bus, qui illam legerunt, mihi ip&longs;e numquam &longs;atisfacio: &longs;emper cnim <lb/>aliquid meditanti &longs;e offert, quod ad nouam dubitationem <expan abbr="animũ">animum</expan> exci <lb/>tet, <expan abbr="meq.">meque</expan> ad <expan abbr="edition&etilde;">editionem</expan> currentein remoretur: <expan abbr="eiu&longs;d&etilde;">eiu&longs;dem</expan> voluminis edendi <lb/>con&longs;ilium etiam retinet rei medicæ non tantum priuatim factitandæ, <lb/>&longs;ed & in tuo florenti&longs;&longs;imo Pi&longs;ano Gymna&longs;io de &longs;uperiore eodemque <lb/><expan abbr="omniũ">omnium</expan> primo loco publicè profitend&ecedil; nece&longs;&longs;itas, Dum cœptum mu­<lb/>nus perhone&longs;tum & graue ab&longs;oluere maturo, ecce ade&longs;t interpellator <lb/>puer, qui &longs;cribentem non modo &longs;æpe interdiu, &longs;ed etiam &longs;æpi&longs;&longs;imè in <lb/>tempe&longs;tiua nocte à libris auocat, ab hoc vel illo nobili <expan abbr="&ecedil;grotãte">&ecedil;grotante</expan> accer­<lb/>&longs;iri nuncians. </s> <s>At dum hæc mea monumenta purgare contendo, nolui <lb/><expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan> per tenui&longs;&longs;imas meas vires licet, non aliqua in re niti, vt par­<lb/>uum hoc grati animi erga te mei <expan abbr="&longs;pecim&etilde;">&longs;pecimen</expan> ederetur, rude illud quidem <lb/>& inchoatum, ita tamen elaboratum, vt vtrum ne hi vngues mu&longs;ipu­<lb/>lam, an futurum leonem <expan abbr="portendãt">portendant</expan>, facile intelligatur: iidem &longs;i mu&longs;i­<lb/>pulam indignam, qu&ecedil; à tanto Cardinale probetur, pr&ecedil;&longs;etulerint, exclu <lb/>dentur: &longs;i leonem ad rem cœptam alacrius ab&longs;oluendam tuoque no­<lb/>mini dicandam maiores animi a&longs;&longs;umentur: quod optimo iure tibi <lb/>pr&ecedil;&longs;tare debeo, quia tu &longs;ola tua <expan abbr="benefic&etilde;tia">beneficentia</expan> me &longs;ic extuli&longs;ti, vt quicquid <lb/>e&longs;t in me honoris, quicquid gloriæ, id totum tibi de me quam optimè <lb/>merito deberi, & intelligam, & libenti&longs;&longs;imè pr&ecedil;dicem: accipe igitur, <lb/>qu&ecedil; tua e&longs;t humanitas, libri huius de grauium, & leuium motu &longs;ecun<lb/>dam hanc partem, & à me qui totus in tuo ære &longs;um, tuaque in laude <lb/>omni &longs;tudio cogitationeque defixus, alia breui expecta. </s> <s>Vale. <!-- KEEP S--></s></p><pb xlink:href="011/01/084.jpg" pagenum="65"/></chap><chap><p type="head"> <s>SECVNDA PARS <lb/>PERIPATETICAE <lb/>DISPVTATIONIS</s></p><p type="head"> <s>DE MOTV GRAVIVM. <lb/>ET LEVIVM<!-- KEEP S--></s></p><p type="head"> <s>AVCTORE HIERONYMO BORRIO <lb/>Philo&longs;opho, ac Medico Arretino.<!-- KEEP S--></s></p><p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Abeodem in Almo Pi&longs;ano Gymna&longs;io publicè <lb/>profitente di&longs;putata.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head"> <s>Secunda pars princeps, in &longs;uas & ip&longs;a partes <lb/>di&longs;tribuitur. </s> <s>Caput I.<!-- KEEP S--></s></p><p type="main"> <s>SECVNDA <emph type="italics"/>Pars in duas paruas <lb/>particulas diuiditur: in priore par <lb/>ticula huius &longs;ecundæ partis, vete­<lb/>rum Philo&longs;ophorum opiniones bre <lb/>uissimè confutabuntur, in parti­<lb/>cula posteriore, ea, quam Ari&longs;to­<lb/>telis &longs;ententiam credimus, quo ef­<lb/>ficacius fieri poterit, confirmabi­<lb/>tur: posterior pars in &longs;uas & ip&longs;a partes &longs;uo loco diuidetur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Primo ergo fal&longs;as veterum opiniones, quas de <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> <lb/>vniuer&longs;itate, & de ignis, ac terræ loco, quiete, ac motu potissi­<lb/>mum habuerunt, refutare oportet: & quoniam non omnes <lb/>eamdem &longs;ententiam probauerunt, &longs;ed alij aliam pro diuer&longs;a <lb/>voluntate confirmauerunt, compluribus popularibus Philo&longs;o­<lb/>phis con&longs;ultè omissis, ad eos tantum repellendos aggrediamur, <lb/>quorum &longs;ententiæ (vt mihi videor) aliquod <expan abbr="momentũ">momentum</expan> habent.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><pb xlink:href="011/01/085.jpg" pagenum="66"/><p type="head"> <s>Nec Epicurum, nec Anaximenem, nec alios, qui <lb/>infinitatem in mundum introduxerunt, e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>confutandos, interea tamen breui&longs;si­<lb/>mè confutantur. </s> <s>Cap. II.<!-- KEEP S--></s> </p><p type="main"> <s>EPICVRVS, <emph type="italics"/>quem & complures alij &longs;ecuti fuerunt, <lb/>qui vniuer&longs;um infinitum e&longs;&longs;e exi&longs;timauerunt, hac dere <lb/>nullam mentionem facere potuerunt: cum in eo, quod e&longs;t <lb/>infinitum nulli &longs;int extremi fines, ad quos nullaque me dia per <lb/>quæ elementorum vniuer&longs;itates istæ, aut earumdem partes <lb/>ferantur: & in quibus con&longs;i&longs;tant.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Anaximenes etiam. </s> <s>qui licet mundum omnino infinitum <lb/>non faciat: infinitum tamen aerem mundi principium con&longs;ti­<lb/>tuit, vnde &longs;equitur; vt <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> motus nece&longs;&longs;ariò &longs;it infinitus: nam <lb/>infiniti corporis motus finitus non est, ideo illos prætermitten­<lb/>dos putamus, & in eos confutandos e&longs;t omnis oratio no&longs;tra <expan abbr="cõ-uertenda">con­<lb/>uertenda</expan>, qui mundum finitum e&longs;&longs;e put auerunt vt Empedo­<lb/>cles, Anaximander, Anaxagoras, Democritus Plato: qui <lb/>omnes terræ vniuer&longs;itatem in medio mundi verè collocaue­<lb/>runt, vt ibi quie&longs;cat; &longs;ed ratione diuer&longs;a: nec propterea per­<lb/>petuo &longs;ilentio inuoluendi &longs;unt illi, qui terram in cælo, & ignem <lb/>in mundi medio locatum e&longs;&longs;e voluerunt: &longs;ed ante alios con­<lb/>futandi.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head"> <s>Aduer&longs;us Pythagoram, qui terram in cælo, & <lb/>ignem in medio po&longs;uit. </s> <s>Cap. III.<!-- KEEP S--></s> </p><p type="main"> <s>PYTHAGORAS <emph type="italics"/>ignem in media mundi &longs;ede loca­<lb/>tum e&longs;&longs;e voluit: terram autem, quam stellarum vnam<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/086.jpg" pagenum="67"/><emph type="italics"/>e&longs;&longs;e finxit, in cælo &longs;itam: non vt ibi quie&longs;cat, &longs;ed vt peren­<lb/>ni conuer&longs;ione rotunda circum medium lata, diem, ac noctem <lb/>efficiat.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Præterea aliam terram fabricauit contrariam: quam<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/><foreign lang="greek">a)nti/xqona</foreign> <emph type="italics"/>id e&longs;t, aduer&longs;am nominauit: idque quibus potuis <lb/>rationibus confirmare nixus, longam or ationem contexuit: di­<lb/>xit enim Nobilissimo corporinobilissimus locus, in quo custo­<lb/>diatur, natura debetur: at ignis omnium elementorum est <lb/>nobilissimus, locus ergo, qui cæteris nobilitate præ&longs;tet, in quo <lb/>cu&longs;todiri, & con&longs;eruaripossit, igni natura debetur: hic est <lb/>locus mundi medius: ignis ergo, & non terra, e&longs;t in medio <expan abbr="mũ-di">mun­<lb/>di</expan> locatus, qui etiam est terminus, & finis, ideo præstantior <lb/>corporibus, quæ abillo terminantur, ac finiuntur: ex quibus <lb/>concludentes, non credunt terram in medio mundi e&longs;&longs;e loca­<lb/>tam, &longs;ed ignem. </s> <s>Appellant autem Pythagorei hunc medium <lb/>ignis locum, Iouis cu&longs;todiam; quod maxima cum diligentia <lb/>præcipua pars vniuer&longs;i cu&longs;todienda &longs;it, qualis e&longs;t medius mun <lb/>di locus igni natura tributus.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>At &longs;i Pythagorei animaduerti&longs;&longs;ent medium duobus mo­<lb/>dis dici, in hos &longs;copulos non impegi&longs;&longs;ent. </s> <s>Medium enim dici­<lb/>tur: primo de medio magnitudinis, &longs;ecundo de rei, atque na­<lb/>turæ ip&longs;ius medio. </s> <s>Magnitudinis medium, in hominibus erie <lb/>vmbilicus, à quo cibi reliquiæ, & corporis excrementa, & &longs;or­<lb/>des cu&longs;todiuntur: ideo hoc medium magnitudinis non potest <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e perfectum. </s> <s>Medium autem rei & naturæ in ei&longs;dem ho­<lb/>minibus est locus &longs;ubter præcordia, vbi cor e&longs;t; vitæ <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan>, <lb/>ibinullæ cibi reliquiæ con&longs;eruantur, nullæque &longs;ordes co&longs;todiun <lb/>tur, &longs;ed purissimus &longs;anguis, ac &longs;piritus; Idem e&longs;t de vniuer&longs;o <lb/>affirmandum. </s> <s>Medium magnitudinis in vniuer&longs;o e&longs;t <expan abbr="centrũ">centrum</expan>; <lb/>quod vile admodum e&longs;t: &longs;ed rei & naturæ medium illud est,<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/087.jpg" pagenum="68"/><emph type="italics"/>in quo e&longs;t vitæ principium, à quo vniuer&longs;a habent, vt fiant, & <lb/>con&longs;eruentur. </s> <s>hic est locus primi mobilis, in cælo: & locus, qui <lb/>e&longs;t &longs;ub luna infra cælum, ibi ignem locatum e&longs;&longs;e dicimus: hic <lb/>est locus præ&longs;tantissimus, qui habet rationem finis, & termi­<lb/>ni; ideo præ&longs;tantior e&longs;t eo, quod finitur, ac terminatur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Ex his ad formam argumenti: Totum primum argumen <lb/>tum detur, cum vltra progrediantur, ac dicunt: hic e&longs;t locus <lb/>mundi medius: adde, id est medius rei, & naturæ, & non ma <lb/>gnitudinis, prior locus finit, ac terminat: posterior finitur, ac <lb/>terminatur: ideo prior nobilissimo igni natura debetur: po­<lb/>&longs;terior imperfectissimæ terræ, vt eò tendat, at que ibi quie&longs;cat. <lb/></s> <s>Nec potest terra e&longs;&longs;e in cælo: quod cælum æternum à caduca <lb/>terræ materia coinquinatum, interire cogeretur. </s> <s>Nec per me <lb/>diam cæli &longs;ub&longs;tantiam pote&longs;t terra conuerti, ne cælum &longs;cinda­<lb/>tur; & ne corpus ab alio corpore penetretur. </s> <s>Nec inter duos <lb/>cæle&longs;tes globos valet terra moueri; quia locus ibi medius, qui <lb/>&longs;it plenus, non e&longs;t: cum ibi præter cælum nullum aliud corpus <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e queat, à quo &longs;pacium illud impleatur. </s> <s>Non e&longs;t etiam ibi <lb/>&longs;pacium inane: quia præter quam quod inane &longs;pacium nulli­<lb/>bi datur, &longs;icubi daretur, elementa in eo non mouerentur; vt <lb/>infra demonstrabimus. </s> <s>Nec cælum currenti terræ cederet, &longs;i <lb/>per illud cieretur: vt aqua natantibus pi&longs;cibus, & aer volan­<lb/>tibus auibus cedit: quoniam id &longs;i dederimus, dabimus etiam <lb/>cælum dilatari, & con&longs;tringi, rare fieri, & den&longs;aripo&longs;&longs;e, eam <lb/>ob rem interitui e&longs;&longs;e obnoxium, quia &longs;ine anterioris aeris, & <lb/>aquæ den&longs;atione, & &longs;ine po&longs;terioris aeris, & aquæ rarefactio­<lb/>ne, quæ præcedit aqua, et qui præcedit aer, ab auibus, & pi&longs;ci­<lb/>bus impul&longs;us, impellentibus auibus, & pi&longs;cibus non cedit. </s> <s>Non <lb/>cedit etiam &longs;ine rarefactione aeris, & aquæ mobilium terga <lb/>&longs;equentis, nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t enim hæc duo corpora rarefacta mobile<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/088.jpg" pagenum="69"/><emph type="italics"/>con&longs;equi; vt vacuum à mobili derelictum impleant, quæ &longs;i ve­<lb/>ra &longs;unt: verum etiam erit cælum e&longs;&longs;e morti paratum: quod <lb/>hæ mutationes non ni&longs;i in corporibus quæ orta cadunt inue­<lb/>niantur. </s> <s>Idem est etiam motus totius, & partis. </s> <s>&longs;i totum &longs;it <lb/>homogeneum id est con&longs;imilium partium, vt terram e&longs;&longs;e ne­<lb/>mo ambigit: at videmus quaslibet terræ partes extra <expan abbr="centrũ">centrum</expan> <lb/>&longs;itas ad <expan abbr="centrũ">centrum</expan> ferri: ergo & tota terra extra centrum po&longs;i­<lb/>ta, ad <expan abbr="c&etilde;trum">centrum</expan> feretur, vt ibi quie&longs;cat, nulla autem pars terræ <lb/>circumuoluitur: ergo nec tota terra circumuoluitur; &longs;ed ad <lb/>mundi centrum tendit; vt ibi quie&longs;cat. </s> <s>Non ergo potest e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>in cælo terra, nec cum rotundo cælo pote&longs;t in orbem conuerti, <lb/>&longs;ed immota &longs;tat in centro ad quod mouetur. </s> <s>Id cum Plato in <lb/>Timæo, & Phædone vidi&longs;&longs;et, dixit, Terram qua&longs;i alliga­<lb/>tam in centro quie&longs;cere.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head"> <s>Contra Heraclydem, Nicætum, Ari&longs;tarcum, Ze­<lb/>nophanem, Phylolaum, Thaletem, & alios, <lb/>qui diuer&longs;a de terræ quiete, ac mo tu <lb/>dixerunt. </s> <s>Cap. IIII.<!-- KEEP S--></s> </p><p type="main"> <s>MVLTO <emph type="italics"/>fædius lap&longs;us e&longs;t Heraclydes Ponticus, Ni­<lb/>cetus Siracu&longs;anus, & Ari&longs;tarcus, ac Phylolaus: quos <lb/>etiam Plato in Timæo &longs;equutus videtur, &longs;edob&longs;cu­<lb/>rius. </s> <s>Hi totam terram in medio locatam, circum mediam mo<lb/>ueri, cælum autem quie&longs;cere crediderunt: quibus cum &longs;en&longs;us <lb/>aduer&longs;etur, non e&longs;t cur in eis confutandis frustra tempus con­<lb/>teratur: verum vt nihilin hac nostra di&longs;putatione &longs;it immi­<lb/>nutum rem paucis ab&longs;oluemus.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Primo ergo cælum in orbis ab&longs;oluti &longs;peciem efformatum <lb/>&longs;tare non po&longs;&longs;e, sed circum terram in centro manentem rotun<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/089.jpg" pagenum="70"/><emph type="italics"/>da conuer&longs;ione incitari, inde intelligimus; quod &longs;i cælum &longs;taret <lb/>stellæ in eodem &longs;emper loco &longs;pectarentur: illætamen, quæ <lb/>nunc &longs;unt in ortu, mox erunt in occa&longs;u: ergo cælum non &longs;tat.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Secundo &longs;itus terrarum perpetui id ip&longs;um demonstrant; <lb/>hi ad Aquilonem, Au&longs;trumue, ad Ortum, aut Occa&longs;um &longs;em <lb/>per vergunt: ergo dum cælum motu agitatur, qui fit in or­<lb/>bem, immota terra manebit.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Zenophanes Colophonius infinitam terræ profunditatem <lb/>commentus, vt eam quie&longs;cere probaret, dixit. </s> <s>In parte infe­<lb/>riori radices infinitas terram habere, & eam obrem fieri, vt <lb/>moueri non queat.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Hanc opinionem ratus e&longs;t Ari&longs;toteles libro &longs;ecundo de cæ­<lb/>lo indignam, quæ refellatur: cum &longs;it omni ex parte ab&longs;ur­<lb/>da, & &longs;en&longs;ui aduer&longs;etur, nihilin ea probetur, & ante quam <lb/>infinitis radicibus terra fulciretur, an <expan abbr="infinitũ">infinitum</expan> daretur di&longs;pu­<lb/>tandum fuerat: quod cum à Zenophane minimè factum &longs;it <lb/>Zenophanes id quod er at in principio petiit.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Thales Mile&longs;ius à Sacerdotibus Aegyptiis opinionem <lb/>aliam, & longè diuer&longs;am, accepit: ea e&longs;t: vt terra ab aqua <lb/>&longs;u&longs;tineatur, non aliter, atque lignum, quod aquæ innatat, & <lb/>in aere non quie&longs;cit; qui tamen ab aqua &longs;u&longs;tinetur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Huic opinioni pote&longs;t occurri primo: quod illius auctores <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb/>probauerint quid illud &longs;it, quod terram &longs;u&longs;pen&longs;am in &longs;ublimi <lb/>teneat: quæ grauis e&longs;t, & &longs;uopte nixu deor&longs;um ruit, ni&longs;iim­<lb/>pediatur: docendum enim fuerat à quo nam terræ motus im <lb/>pediretur, miror <expan abbr="equid&etilde;">equidem</expan> à tanto viro hoc prætermi&longs;&longs;um fore.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Secundo, quia quæ &longs;unt leuior a &longs;uperius &longs;uapte natura lo­<lb/>cantur: & quæ &longs;unt grauiora in inferiore &longs;ede ponuntur: <lb/>verum aqua terram leuitate &longs;uperat: ergo &longs;uperiore in &longs;ede <lb/>&longs;upra terram, & non &longs;ub terra locanda fuerat; quod &longs;anè<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/090.jpg" pagenum="71"/><emph type="italics"/>perpendendum erat etiam ab iis, qui &longs;uauissimum Philo&longs;o­<lb/>phiæ fontem vix &longs;upremis labris attigi&longs;&longs;ent.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Tertio &longs;inatur a hoc vniuer&longs;itati terræ præ&longs;titit, vt in aqua <lb/>maneat, ita vt ab ea &longs;ustineatur, vt ab aqua ligna &longs;ustinen­<lb/>tur, non est dubium quin in vnicuique etiam terræ partium <lb/>hoc natura tribuerit, quod factum non animaduertimus; &longs;ed <lb/>potius contrarium accidit: quælibet enim terræ pars ad infi­<lb/>nitum locum mouetur eoque maiori celeritate quo fuerit ma­<lb/>ior: ergo & tota terræ vniuer&longs;itas adeumdem infinitum lo­<lb/>cum mouebitur: cum idem &longs;it locus totius, quod con&longs;imiles <lb/>partes habet, & quarumlibet partium illius.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Cau&longs;a quam obrem Thales hoc dixit, fuit; quia differen <lb/>tiam ignorauit inter lignum, & terram: lignum aquæ &longs;uper­<lb/>eminet; quia lignum paruis quibu&longs;dam foraminibus, canali­<lb/>bu&longs;que di&longs;tinctum e&longs;t, & tamquam venis internotatum, in qui <lb/>bus plurimum aeris continetur: quo fit vt lignum ab aere in <lb/>eius vi&longs;ceribus contento &longs;u&longs;pen&longs;um aquæ &longs;upernatet: hoc cum <lb/>Thales minimè noui&longs;&longs;et. </s> <s>quid mirum &longs;i id affirmauerit, <lb/>quod minimè affirmandum fuerat?<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head"> <s>Aduer&longs;us Anaximenem, Anaxagoram, Democri­<lb/>tum, & alios, qui dixerunt: latitudinem cau­<lb/>&longs;am e&longs;&longs;e, quamobrem terra quie­<lb/>&longs;cat. </s> <s>Caput V.<!-- KEEP S--></s></p><p type="main"> <s>ANAXIMENES, <emph type="italics"/>Anaxagoras, Democritus, & alij, <lb/>latitudinem cau&longs;am e&longs;&longs;e affirmauerunt: cur terra, <lb/>quæ est maximè plana, & maximè lata, quie&longs;cat: exi­<lb/>stim auerunt enim vniuer&longs;i, quod rotundum e&longs;t, totam terram <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e &longs;ummè planam, & &longs;ummèlatam: & aliam partem e&longs;&longs;e<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/091.jpg" pagenum="72"/><emph type="italics"/>&longs;upra, aliam vero infra: &longs;upra eam e&longs;&longs;e, quam habitamus: <lb/>alteram, quam incolunt illi, qui aduer&longs;is pedibus nobis nitun­<lb/>tur (hos Antipodes vocant) putant e&longs;&longs;e infra: hæc quia obie <lb/>ctum aerem propter planam latitudinem &longs;uam diuidere, & <lb/>&longs;ecare non potest, non mouetur: magis ip&longs;um aerem præmit, <lb/>atque conden&longs;at: quemadmodum omnia lata, & plana cor­<lb/>pora facere con&longs;ueuerunt, quæ <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> modo ab aere, &longs;ed ne auen­<lb/>tis quidem depelli po&longs;&longs;unt propter firmitatem: &longs;ed potius con <lb/>tra nituntur, & ventorum impetum, ita frangunt, vt quie­<lb/>&longs;cat, qui à nullo, quod contra nitatur, alias impeditus exitum <lb/>inuenit, & libere volitat: aer, qui est terræ &longs;ubiectus, liberum <lb/>atque patentem exitum non habet: ideo per omnem inferio­<lb/>rem terræ amplam extremitatem diffu&longs;us, cum apte locum <lb/>mutare non possit, conglobatus quie&longs;cit. </s> <s>Hinc fit, vt &longs;tante in­<lb/>feriore &longs;ub terra aere, etiam terra ip&longs;a &longs;upra aerem po&longs;ita <lb/>immota quie&longs;cat. </s> <s>Po&longs;&longs;e conglobatum, & quietum aerem ma <lb/>gnum <expan abbr="põdus">pondus</expan> &longs;u&longs;tinere, multis rationibus docent hac <expan abbr="potissimũ">potissimum</expan>, <lb/>quod exercitus, quantumuis numero&longs;i, &longs;uper inflatos vtres, <lb/>in pedibus &longs;tantes aliquando latissima flumina tranauerunt.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Sed primo ab hac opinione nihil concluditur, ni&longs;i prius ter <lb/>ra e&longs;&longs;e lata, & plana demon&longs;tretur, quod cum factum <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> &longs;it, <lb/>immo potius terra alterius e&longs;&longs;e figuræ videatur certè ob eam <lb/>cau&longs;am terra non quie&longs;cet. </s> <s>Mundi enim, quirotundam figu­<lb/>ram habet infimus locus, quideor&longs;um dicitur, e&longs;t centrum, ad <lb/>quem omnia grauia natura feruntur, & &longs;upremus est cæli lo <lb/>cus, quo omnia leuia &longs;uopte naturali impul&longs;u, ac propria &longs;pon­<lb/>te tendunt, quapropter nece&longs;&longs;e est, vt locus vterque, tam his, <lb/>qui anobis habitatur, quam his, quem Antipodes incolunt, <lb/>&longs;it deor&longs;um, & cælum &longs;it &longs;ur&longs;um. </s> <s>Apertum e&longs;t etiam, in qui­<lb/>buslibet terræ locis <expan abbr="alĩos">alinos</expan>, atque alios e&longs;&longs;e Orizontes, & alia,<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/092.jpg" pagenum="73"/><emph type="italics"/>atque alia apparere astra, & partem quamlibet terræ ad <lb/>indiuiduum centrum tendere, vndecumque moueatur, & ro­<lb/>tundam figuram facere: rotunda e&longs;t ergo, & <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> plana, atque <lb/>lata terræ figura, & omnes homines, vbicumque in terra exi <lb/>stant, deor&longs;um e&longs;&longs;e, nullos autem &longs;ur&longs;um.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Secundo etiam, &longs;i quod volunt concluderetur, vt terra &longs;it <lb/>plana, non latitudo quietis eius cau&longs;a e&longs;&longs;e probaretur, &longs;ed ma­<lb/>gnitudo potius. </s> <s>Nam angu&longs;tum locum <expan abbr="cõpul&longs;us">compul&longs;us</expan>, conclu&longs;us, & <lb/><expan abbr="cõglobatus">conglobatus</expan> inferior aer, liberum, & <expan abbr="apertũ">apertum</expan> exitum <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="hab&etilde;s">habens</expan>, <lb/>non propter latitudinem, &longs;ed propter multitudinem quie&longs;cit: <lb/>multus porrò e&longs;t, qui &longs;ub magna terræ mole constituitur, con­<lb/>cretus, & conglobatus aer: Ergo idem multo facilius obtinere­<lb/>tur, &longs;i terra globo&longs;a &longs;it; modo tanta &longs;it eius magnitudo, quæ <lb/>&longs;ubiacentem aerem repellere, premere, & conglobare possit.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Tertio &longs;i terra &longs;upra aerem <expan abbr="&longs;ubiacent&etilde;">&longs;ubiacentem</expan> quie&longs;cit: ergo vio­<lb/>lentia, nam corpus, quod e&longs;t leuius, grauiori, non natura, &longs;ed <lb/>violentia &longs;ubiicitur: locum itaque inuenire debui&longs;&longs;ent, in quo <lb/>terra non violentia, &longs;ed natura quie&longs;ceret; & ad quem na­<lb/>tura feretur, quem non dum inuenerunt: nec, extra <expan abbr="centrũ">centrum</expan>, <lb/>inuenire poterunt: Ergo, &c.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head"> <s>Empedoclis fal&longs;a &longs;ententia tollitur, qui dixit à ce­<lb/>lerrima cæli rotunda conuer&longs;ione terram ad <lb/>centrum trudi, & in centro quie­<lb/>&longs;cere. </s> <s>Caput VI.<!-- KEEP S--></s></p><p type="main"> <s>EMPEDOCLES, <emph type="italics"/>vt &longs;upra capite nono aliqua ex par <lb/>te attigimus, è cæli motu, qui in orbem celerrime fer­<lb/>tur, terram deor&longs;um trudi, atque circum centrum quie <lb/>&longs;cere, dixit: idque ratione confirmari ab Empedocle poterit.<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/093.jpg" pagenum="74"/><emph type="italics"/>Si duo &longs;int (ait Empedocles) motus quorum alter alteri celeri <lb/>tate præ&longs;tet, qui celerior e&longs;t, minus celerem præcedit; eumdem <lb/>que ita cohibet, vt fieri non queat, vt aqua ex hydriis in or­<lb/>bem &longs;æpe conuer&longs;is, incitatissimeque contortis, non effluit, <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> <lb/>uis deor&longs;um natura feratur, & hydriarum apertum labrum <lb/>infra &longs;it, quod motus, qui in orbem fit, motu recto celerior, mo<lb/>tum rectum præcedat, eumdemque prohibeat: &longs;ed motus cæ­<lb/>li, qui in orbem fit, est celerior motu terræ recto: ergo motum <lb/>terræ rectum præcedit, & eumdem impedit; quo minus fiat: <lb/>ergo cum cælum in orbem fertur, terra moueri non potest, <lb/>&longs;ed &longs;tare compellitur. </s> <s>Hac ratione adductus Empedocles, ter <lb/><expan abbr="rã">ram</expan> ad centrum trudi, & in <expan abbr="c&etilde;tro">centro</expan> con&longs;i&longs;tere ip&longs;e &longs;ibi per&longs;ua&longs;it.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Hæc opinio pote&longs;t refelli, quia motus terræ ad medium, & <lb/>quies eius in medio violenta est: ergo terra ad locum extra <lb/>medium natura mouetur, & natura in illo quie&longs;cit: nam mo­<lb/>tui violento, & quieti violentæ naturalis motus, & quies na­<lb/>turalis opponitur, & locus ad quem e&longs;t motus naturalis, & in <lb/>quo e&longs;t quies naturalis, ei loco opponitur, ad quem violentus fit <lb/>motus, & in quo violenta est quies: <expan abbr="violentũ">violentum</expan> enim id e&longs;t, quod <lb/>contra naturam fit, vt &longs;upra &longs;æpenumero diximus: ergo ter­<lb/>ra grauis &longs;ur&longs;um, quo leuia ferri &longs;olent, natura feretur, & in <lb/>loco &longs;uperiore natura quie&longs;cet, quod &longs;i terræ &longs;ur&longs;um natura <lb/>fertur, & ibi natura quie&longs;cit: quærendum e&longs;t, quo ignis leui&longs;­<lb/>&longs;imus natura moueatur, & vbi natura maneat: ignem ad me <lb/>dium natura moueri, & in medio natura manere non ani­<lb/>maduertimus, &longs;ed violentia: immo quanto maior e&longs;t ignis, tan <lb/>to celerius in &longs;ublime fertur: ergo terra grauissima ad <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> <lb/>natura mouebitur, & in medio natura quie&longs;cet, & ignis leui&longs;­<lb/>&longs;imus in &longs;ublime natura a&longs;cendet, ibique natura con&longs;i&longs;tet.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Præterea antequam quicquam à di&longs;cordia prima vniuer<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/094.jpg" pagenum="75"/><emph type="italics"/>&longs;i parente di&longs;cretum fui&longs;&longs;et, &longs;ed à concordia in vnum omnia <expan abbr="cõ">com</expan> <lb/>funderentur: quærendum fuerat ab Empedocle, à quo nam <lb/>terra ad mundi medium truderetur, non ab incitatissima cæ <lb/>li conuer&longs;ione rotunda trudi, nec ab eadem terræ motum im­<lb/>pediri poterat, <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> cælum à di&longs;cordia &longs;egregatum <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> erat, <lb/>&longs;ed cum cæteris omnibus rebus confusè commixtum, terram <lb/>trudere, illiusque naturalem motum impedire non valebat.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Quærendum e&longs;t etiam ab eodem Empedocle: &longs;i incitatissi­<lb/>ma cæli conuer&longs;io cau&longs;a e&longs;t; cur terra ad medium moueatur, <lb/>& in medio quie&longs;cat, quamobrem, ab eadem celerrima cæli <lb/>conuer&longs;ione ignis ad <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> non trudatur? </s> <s>& cur ibi non quie <lb/>&longs;cat? </s> <s>cuius rei, cum nullam cau&longs;am indicare possit: dignus <lb/>est, vt cum &longs;ua &longs;ententia explo&longs;us, à Philo&longs;ophorum con&longs;ortio <lb/>recedat.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Dicendum est igitur ante conuer&longs;ionem grauia, & leuia <lb/>fui&longs;&longs;e, & inter &longs;e di&longs;tincta, naturalemque locum habui&longs;&longs;e, ad <lb/>quem natura concit arentur, & in quo natura manerent: gra<lb/>uia ad medium de&longs;cendere, & in medio quie&longs;cere, & leuia ad <lb/>&longs;uperam huius inferioris mundi regionem natura &longs;ubstolli, <lb/>& in eo loco natura quie&longs;cere, vt infra demonstrabimus. <lb/></s> <s>Ratio Empedoclis nihil habet momenti: nam ordo vniuer&longs;i, <lb/>qui grauium motum ad medium, & eorumdem quietem in <lb/>medio postulat, à violenta quantumuis celerrima cæli conuer <lb/>&longs;ione expellente, non impeditur: hanc expul&longs;ionem, quam pro <lb/>bat Empedocles, vt terram trudat, e&longs;&longs;e violentam, ex duobus <lb/>intelligimus: primo, quia fit à di&longs;cordia antiqua vniuer &longs;i pa­<lb/>rente, à qua nihil non <expan abbr="violentũ">violentum</expan> gignitur: &longs;ecundo quia expul­<lb/>&longs;ionis motus inter &longs;pecies eorum motuum, quos Aristoteles, <lb/>libro &longs;eptimo Phy&longs;icorum particula decima, violentos appel­<lb/>lat, relata, naturalis e&longs;&longs;e non pote&longs;t, &longs;ed violenta: eadem re-<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/095.jpg" pagenum="76"/><emph type="italics"/>ctum elementorum motum naturalem &longs;ub&longs;equitur, & non <lb/>præcedit: nihil enim à ratioue magis alienum e&longs;t, quam cum <lb/>motum, qui contra naturam fit, præcedere motum natura­<lb/>lem, & naturalem motum impedire: nam ab eo quod natura <lb/>po&longs;terius e&longs;t, id quod e&longs;t natura prius, quo ade&longs;t natura prius, <lb/>impediri non potest. </s> <s>Inficianda est ergo Empedocleæ ratio­<lb/>nis propo&longs;itio maior: quia motus celerior minus celerem <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> <lb/>non &longs;emper præcedit, nec &longs;emper quo minus fiat, eumdem im­<lb/>pedit; præ&longs;ertim, cum motus celerior est violentus, tardior ve <lb/>ro naturalis, quod Empedocli accidit, qui a violento impul&longs;io­<lb/>nis motu cæli terram ad centrum trudi voluit.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head"> <s>Anaximander confutatur, qui terram dixit in me­<lb/>dio manere, quia ab extremis æqualiter <lb/>di&longs;tat. </s> <s>Caput VII.<!-- KEEP S--></s></p><p type="main"> <s>ANAXIMANDER <emph type="italics"/>terram in medio locatam e&longs;&longs;e, <lb/>& ibi &longs;tare confirmauit, quod æqualiter ab extremis <lb/>vndique distet, & eam ob rem non magis ad vnam, <lb/><expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> ad aliam partem ferri po&longs;&longs;e: nihil enim eorum, quæ &longs;unt <lb/>in medio, & æqualiter ab extremis æquè di&longs;tantibus, abest, <lb/>aut magis ad vnam, quam ad aliam partem ferri decet, aut <lb/>ad contraria &longs;imul moueri potest, id quod aliquando tetigi&longs;&longs;e <lb/>vi&longs;us est Plato in Timæo. <!-- KEEP S--></s> <s>At &longs;i cau&longs;a quietis terræ in medio, <lb/>e&longs;t quia terra ab extremis æqualiter distat: leuissimus ignis <lb/>in <expan abbr="mũdi">mundi</expan> centro locatus, ibi quie&longs;cet: nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t enim, vt æedem <lb/>res iisdem rebus &longs;int etiam eorumdem effectuum cau&longs;æ, qui­<lb/>bus cau&longs;is in e&longs;&longs;e con&longs;titutis, & effectus ab ei&longs;dem cau&longs;is ma­<lb/>nantes omnino &longs;equuntur, vt oriente sole oritur lux: eo occi­<lb/>dente lux occidit, &longs;ed æqualiter di&longs;tare ab extremis, e&longs;t cau-<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/096.jpg" pagenum="77"/><emph type="italics"/>&longs;a quare terra quie&longs;cat in medio: ergo &longs;i in medio ignis loce­<lb/>tur, in medio quie&longs;cet, quia ab extremis æqualiter di&longs;tabit: <lb/>quod &longs;i fal&longs;um e&longs;t, & ab&longs;urdum; fal&longs;um, & ab&longs;urdum id <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb/>erit, ex quo hæc fal&longs;a, & ab&longs;urda &longs;equuntur. </s> <s>Commentitia <lb/>etiam Anaximandri ratio e&longs;t, vt &longs;unt illæ, quibus Sophistæ <lb/>vtuntur: dum aiunt capillum, qui con&longs;imilium partium e&longs;t, <lb/>& vehementer quidem, &longs;ed ex æquo, omni ex parte, tenditur: <lb/>non di&longs;ruptum iri, etiam &longs;i validissmè tendatur, ideo non ma­<lb/>gis in hac, quam in illa parte frangi poterit: cum omnes par­<lb/>tes con&longs;imiles &longs;int, & &longs;imili modo exten&longs;æ; Aiunt etiam <expan abbr="eũ">eum</expan> <lb/>qui valde &longs;itit, & exurit, & pariter vtrumque de&longs;ideret, & <lb/>ab exculentis, & poculentis æqualiter abe&longs;t, &longs;iti, & fame pe­<lb/>riturum: quoniam non magis ad e&longs;culentum, quam ad pocu­<lb/>lentum capiendum mouebitur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Hæ Sophi&longs;tarum captiones facilè <expan abbr="diluũiur">diluuniur</expan>; Capillus enim <lb/>in medio di&longs;rumpetur, vbi exten&longs;ionis vis maxima nititur, & <lb/>exuriens, & &longs;itiens vt libuerit, ad alterutrum exculentum, <lb/>& poculentum capiendum conuertetur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Neganda e&longs;t ergo Anaximandri propo&longs;itio prima; Non <lb/>enim verè enunciamus, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> dicimus. </s> <s>Quod ab extremis æqua­<lb/>liter di&longs;t at, non mouetur. </s> <s>Ad Sophi&longs;tas dicendum, non &longs;equi <lb/>capillum in nulla parte di&longs;ruptum iri, quia extenditur; nega­<lb/>ri etiam possit antecedens.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Quia æqualiter capillus ille non extenditur, in cuius me­<lb/>dio exten&longs;ionis vis maxima nitetur; Nec &longs;equitur, qui fame, <lb/>& &longs;iti ex æquo afficitur, ergo nec ad exculentum, nec ad po­<lb/>culentum &longs;i æqualiter ab&longs;int, conuertetur: quia conuer&longs;io hæc <lb/>naturalis non est, &longs;ed à libera voluntate pendet, ideo ad alte­<lb/>rutrum prout libuerit capiendum accedet.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Hæc contra illos &longs;unt dicta, qui terram aut in medio quie-<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/097.jpg" pagenum="78"/><emph type="italics"/>&longs;cere, aut in cælo moueri a&longs;&longs;euerarunt, nunc ad illos confu­<lb/>tandos aggrediemur, qui terram circum medium moueri <lb/>credunt.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head"> <s>Illorum fal&longs;a &longs;ententia refellitur, qui <expan abbr="terrã">terram</expan> circum <lb/>medium moueri rebantur, & Heraclytea opi­<lb/>nio euertitur, qui bonum, & malum cau&longs;as <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e cen&longs;uit, à quibus ignis rerum om­<lb/>nium materiale principium, vt <lb/>& alia omnia moueantur. <lb/></s> <s>Caput VIII.<!-- KEEP S--></s></p><p type="main"> <s>ILLI, <emph type="italics"/>qui terram circum medium moueri crediderunt, <lb/>hac potissimum ratione exploduntur: idem e&longs;t natur alis <lb/>motus totius, & partium, modo con&longs;imiles &longs;int partes to­<lb/>tius, & quælibet æedemque con&longs;imiles terræ partes non in or­<lb/>bem feruntur, &longs;ed ad centrum natura de&longs;cendunt: ergo tota <lb/>terra in orbem non fertur, &longs;ed ad centrum natura de&longs;cendit. <lb/></s> <s>Aut duo motus naturales eiu&longs;dem naturalis corporis erunt, <lb/>alter ad medium, alter circum medium, &longs;edita comparatum <lb/>e&longs;t à natura, vt vnius corporis &longs;implicis vnicus &longs;it motus &longs;im­<lb/>plex, & vnius motus &longs;implicis &longs;it vnicum corpus &longs;implex, vt di <lb/>ctum e&longs;t libro primo de cælo, & mundo; terræ autem partes <lb/>&longs;implices deor&longs;um natura feruntur; ergo & tota terra deor­<lb/>&longs;um natura feretur, quo &longs;ingulas totius terræ partes natura <lb/>ferri diximus: ergo non in orbem vniuer&longs;itas totius terræ na­<lb/>tura conuertitur, quæ &longs;i in orbem conuerteretur, non natura, <lb/>&longs;ed violentia circumuolueretur. </s> <s>At nullum violentum pote&longs;t <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e diuturnum, ac <expan abbr="&longs;empiternũ">&longs;empiternum</expan>, ergo motus terræ circum cen­<lb/>trum diuturnus, ac &longs;empiternus non erit: verum certè vni-<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/098.jpg" pagenum="79"/><emph type="italics"/>uer&longs;i constitutio, ordo, & ornatus æternus e&longs;t, non igitur ter­<lb/>ra aut violenter, aut natura circum centrum in orbem moue­<lb/>tur; &longs;ed ad totius mundi centrum tota terra &longs;uopte nutu ten­<lb/>dit, quo &longs;ingulas totius terræ partes ferri videmus: hæc ex <lb/>Aristotele in calce libri &longs;ecundi de cælo, & mundo.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Heracyltus bonum, & malum vniuer&longs;i efficientes, atque <lb/>mouentes cau&longs;as e&longs;&longs;e cen&longs;uit, à quibus ignis, rerum <expan abbr="omniũ">omnium</expan> ma­<lb/>teriale principium cieretur. </s> <s>Hic dixit bonum, & malum in <lb/>vnum conuenerunt, in&longs;tar arcus & cordæ in liram, & ignem <lb/>mouerunt. </s> <s>Heraclyteam hanc &longs;ententiam fal&longs;am e&longs;&longs;e natura <lb/>mali demonstrat, quæ nullius ordinis, &longs;ed potius <expan abbr="cõfu&longs;ionis">confu&longs;ionis</expan>, nul <lb/>lius boni, &longs;ed potius mali e&longs;t cau&longs;a; at ignis motus vnà cum <lb/>rerum vniuer&longs;a natura bona e&longs;t ordinatus: non ergo aut ignis <lb/>agitatio, aut vniuer&longs;i ordo à mali natura pendet, quæ nullius <lb/>ordinis, nulliusque bonitatis efficiens cau&longs;a e&longs;&longs;e potest.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Heraclytea hæc &longs;ententia ad modum rationi <expan abbr="con&longs;entaneũ">con&longs;entaneum</expan> <lb/>paruo negocio redigetur, ab eo, qui dixerit: bonum, id e&longs;t for­<lb/>ma, quæ omnis bonitatis e&longs;t auctor; ideo boni, optimi, diuini, et <lb/>expetendi rationem habere creditur ab Ari&longs;totele libro pri­<lb/>mo Phy&longs;icorum particula octuage&longs;imaprima, & à diuino Pla <lb/>tone in Timæo, & malum id est materia, quæ est omnium <lb/>malorum radix, vt iidem Philo&longs;ophi in eodem loco literis <expan abbr="mã-darunt">man­<lb/>darunt</expan>, & magnus Plotinus in libro cui titulus e&longs;t. </s> <s>Vnde ma­<lb/>la: in vnum, id e&longs;t in concretum vnum <expan abbr="cõuenerunt">conuenerunt</expan>; in&longs;tar ar­<lb/>cus, & cordæ in liram, id est; &longs;icut ex arcu, & cordain vnam <lb/>liram conuenientibus, con&longs;onantia na&longs;citur: ita ex materia, <lb/>quæ habet rationem mali, & ex forma, quæ boni naturam <lb/>quam optimèredolet, in vnum concretum coeuntibus, concre­<lb/>tum gignitur; & &longs;icut ex arcu & corda ab vna lira &longs;epara­<lb/>tis concentus di&longs;&longs;oluitur; ita &longs;i à concreto materia mala, &<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/099.jpg" pagenum="80"/><emph type="italics"/>forma bona &longs;eparetur, bonum concreti e&longs;&longs;e, & armonia con­<lb/>&longs;onantiæ natura finitur. </s> <s>Heraclyti opinio hoc modo expo&longs;ita, <lb/>ab Ari&longs;totelis, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> Platonis verissma &longs;ententia <expan abbr="alienanõ">alienanon</expan> est. <lb/></s> <s>Anverò Heraclytus idip&longs;um voluerit alio loco di&longs;putabitur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head"> <s>Contra Chaos antiquum He&longs;iodi, Platonis, & Her <lb/>metis Tri&longs;megi&longs;ti, de quo &longs;upra capite pri­<lb/>mæ partis vndecimo nonnulla ex par­<lb/>te egimus. </s> <s>Caput IX.<!-- KEEP S--></s></p><p type="main"> <s>HESIODVS, <emph type="italics"/>ac Diuinus Plato in Timæo, & ante il­<lb/>lum Hermes Tri&longs;megistus Philo&longs;ophorum omnium <lb/>pater in libris, <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> titulus e&longs;t. </s> <s>Pimander, & A&longs;cle­<lb/>pius, elementa omnia fluctuantia ante conditum mundum <lb/>in quamdam rudem molem, atque informem, quam Chaos vo <lb/>carunt confusè, & inordinatè iactata fui&longs;&longs;e dixerunt, ac <expan abbr="Deũ">Deum</expan> <lb/>indige&longs;tam illam elementorum confu&longs;ionem, &longs;ua præcellents <lb/>bonitate artificiosè expoliui&longs;&longs;e, elegantissimeque digessi&longs;&longs;e, & <lb/>adeam, quam cernimus, & admiramur pulcherrimam &longs;pe­<lb/>ciem perduxi&longs;&longs;e a&longs;&longs;euerarunt.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Quod ab horrenda illa vmbra, qnam Hermes Tri&longs;megi­<lb/>&longs;tus in principio libri, cui titulus e&longs;t. </s> <s>Pimander viderat, fortè <lb/>traxerunt. </s> <s>Quid enim hac inordinata omnium elementorum <lb/>deformi, malique rationem habente confu&longs;ione humana ratio <lb/>excogitare potest horrendius? </s> <s>certè nihil: Nam He&longs;iodi, & <lb/>Orphei ob&longs;curissima nox e&longs;t hac informi, inordinataque iacta<lb/>tione magis horrenda? </s> <s>minimè quidem. </s> <s>Lege omnium vete­<lb/>rum Philo&longs;ophorum monumenta, librum præ&longs;ertim Magni <lb/>Plotini, cui titulus e&longs;t. </s> <s>Vnde mala, & librum Procli de ani­<lb/>ma, & dæmone; & nihil inordinata informique confu&longs;ione<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/100.jpg" pagenum="81"/><emph type="italics"/>peius, nihil horrendius excogitari po&longs;&longs;e, inuenies: mirandum <lb/>ergo non fuerit, &longs;i Plato, Orpheus, & He&longs;iodus ab illa hor­<lb/>renda Tri&longs;megisti vmbra Chaos confu&longs;um, atque inordina­<lb/>tum fortè traxerunt.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Hi grauiter (mea quidem &longs;ententia) peccauerunt, quod <lb/>explanare ante debuerint; Chaos ip&longs;um vnde, quando, quo­<lb/>modo e&longs;&longs;e, aut constare cœpi&longs;&longs;et, & quod ne verbum quidem <lb/>fecerint de illis, quæ ad totam motus quæ&longs;tionem pertinerent; <lb/>A quo nam ille tunc temporis fieret inordinatus motus con­<lb/>fu&longs;ionis, & quis nam e&longs;&longs;et ille: hoc e&longs;t rectus ne, an in orbem, <lb/>an potius ex vtroque commixtus, mixtus e&longs;&longs;e non poterat: quo <lb/>niam mixtus non e&longs;t, ni&longs;i &longs;implices fuerint, è quorum mixtio­<lb/>ne na&longs;catur, at &longs;implices motus non dum erant, vt pote &longs;im­<lb/>plicibus elementis di&longs;tinctis, & cælo quorum proprij &longs;unt mo­<lb/>tus &longs;implices (vt demonstratum est libro primo de cælo) non <lb/>exi&longs;tentibus, &longs;ed confusè commixtis, nulloque ordine iactatis <lb/>informi&longs;que cuiu&longs;dam confu&longs;æ materiæ <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> gerentibus; quæ <lb/>motu cieri apta non e&longs;t; cum actu &longs;it oporteat, quod mouetur, <lb/>vt autem moueri po&longs;&longs;e videatur, cau&longs;a mouens assignanda <lb/>erat: quandoquidem informis materia &longs;e non moueat.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Explicanda etiam illis fuerant motuum genera, id est, <lb/>num illa omnium confu&longs;io ad &longs;ub&longs;tantiam, num ad quantita­<lb/>tem, num ad qualitatem, num ad locum concitaretur, qua­<lb/>tuor enim i&longs;ta &longs;unt motuum genera ex libro tertio de Phy&longs;ico <lb/>auditu, quæ cum motore, &longs;ine quo non fit motus, explicanda <lb/>nece&longs;&longs;ariò fuerant. </s> <s>Dicere cogebantur, &longs;inegocium vniuer­<lb/>&longs;um ab&longs;oluere voluerant, quamobrem motus illius confu&longs;io na <lb/>&longs;ceretur, cum omne quod mouetur, alicuius gratia moueatur; <lb/>cur item quædam &longs;ur&longs;um, quædam deor&longs;um, quædam ante, <lb/>quædam pone cierentur: cum in ea inordinata confu&longs;ione nul<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/101.jpg" pagenum="82"/><emph type="italics"/>læ locorum differentiæ inuenirentur. </s> <s>Dicendum item fuerat <lb/>illis, cuiu&longs;modi fui&longs;&longs;et primus ille motus, num naturalis, an vio <lb/>lentus: magni enim intere&longs;t, natura ne, an vis illum concilia­<lb/>rit: naturam illum effeci&longs;&longs;e nec &longs;ibi, ne aliis per&longs;uadere po­<lb/>tui&longs;&longs;ent; quoniam ante originem naturæ, ac cæterarum om­<lb/>nium rerum natura con&longs;tantium motionem illam turbulen­<lb/>tam, atque inordinatam introduxerunt; nec contra <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>; <lb/>quoniam nihil excogitari potest ab&longs;urdius, quam qui motus <lb/>contra naturam &longs;it, vt hic motum naturalem antecedat. </s> <s>Cum <lb/>item in confu&longs;ione illa inordinata, quam commenti &longs;unt, gra­<lb/>uia e&longs;&longs;e, & leuia ab&longs;que ratione finxi&longs;&longs;ent, cur &longs;ubticuerunt, <lb/>quomodo grauia, & leuia di&longs;tinguerentur, ac alia ab aliis &longs;epa <lb/>rarentur, & qui nam erat proprius ip&longs;orum locus, aut motus, <lb/>non enim idem locus, aut motus omnibus e&longs;&longs;e poterat; alioqui <lb/>vnum, & idem etiam grauia, & leuia fui&longs;&longs;ent; quæ motu illo <lb/>confu&longs;o di&longs;gregari non potui&longs;&longs;ent, &longs;iproprios locos, & ordina­<lb/>tum motum ad naturalem locum cumdemque proprium, & <lb/>ordinatam &longs;i quietem in proprio loco habebant; ergo in chaos <lb/>erat mundus, quem nihil aliud e&longs;&longs;e con&longs;tat, <expan abbr="quãiste">quaniste</expan> partium <lb/>elegantissimus ordo, vt optimè&longs;crip&longs;it Alexander Aphrodi­<lb/>&longs;ien&longs;is libro &longs;ecundo quæstionum naturalium capite decimo­<lb/>nono: de quibus, cum ne verbum quidem fecerint, dignissimi <lb/>&longs;unt qui maximè reprehendantur. </s> <s>Particularis etiam, & <lb/>proprius illius motionis effector demon&longs;trandus fui&longs;&longs;et: nam <lb/>ad motum particularem conciliandum generalis motor &longs;at <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e nequit, quam certè rem &longs;upra capite vndecimo primæ <lb/>partis aliqua ex parte attigimus.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><pb xlink:href="011/01/102.jpg" pagenum="83"/><p type="head"> <s>Aduer&longs;us Ideas Platonis, mathematicas Pythago­<lb/>ræ formas, P&longs;eu&longs;ippi imperfecta principia, <lb/>Empedocleam pacem, atque di&longs;cor­<lb/>diam. </s> <s>Cap. X.<!-- KEEP S--></s> </p><p type="main"> <s>N<emph type="italics"/>ec Platonis commenticiæ, atque inanes Ideæ, nec for <lb/>mæillæ mathematicæ <expan abbr="Pythagoreorũ">Pythagoreorum</expan> &longs;implicibus istis <lb/>elementorum corporibus motum vmquam præ&longs;titi&longs;­<lb/>&longs;ent; quod nullam vim mouendi habeant, & nullam habere <lb/>possint, cum naturæ &longs;int communes, atque vniuer&longs;æ; vt ills <lb/>fingunt, à quibus &longs;ine particularibus motionum effectoribus, <lb/>quos hoc loco quærimus, nihil omnino mouetur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Nec P&longs;eu&longs;ippi imperfecta, atque impolita mouendi prin­<lb/>cipia, quæ incohata, rudia, ac deformia existimauit, inordina­<lb/>tam in chaos, & <expan abbr="ordinatãpo&longs;t">ordinatampo&longs;t</expan> chaos elementorum agitatio­<lb/>nem concitaui&longs;&longs;ent, quod natura principiorum mouentium, <lb/>contra, atque ip&longs;e finxit excellens, ab&longs;oluta, & elaborata &longs;it, <lb/>atque perpolita. </s> <s>Principium ergo, quodeum motum cieat <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb/>rude, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> incohatum, &longs;ed &longs;umma arte cultum, &longs;umma naturæ <lb/>vi perfectum, &longs;ummaque illius efficacitate elaboratum, à quo <lb/>elementorum motus na&longs;ceretur, &longs;iue ante, &longs;iue po&longs;t antiquum <lb/>chaos, erat excogitandum.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Nec Empedoclea pax, quæ vniuer&longs;itatis imperium <expan abbr="aliquã">aliquam</expan> <lb/>do obtineat, arctissimamque inter elementa necessitudinem <lb/>conglutinet, vnde naturæ interitus, & elementorum confu&longs;io, <lb/>inordinatu&longs;que illorum motus na&longs;catur. </s> <s>Nec illius di&longs;cordia, <lb/>quæ po&longs;t infinita tempora pacem de imperio deturbat, & ele­<lb/>menta inter &longs;e alienata &longs;ua domicilia repetere compellit, dum <lb/>ad antiquum cæli ornatum reuocandum elementa cogit, eo-<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/103.jpg" pagenum="84"/><emph type="italics"/>rumdem motum excitaui&longs;&longs;et.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Qùia Empedocles pacem illius vastissimí corporis, quod <lb/>Sphærum nuncupauit, partem fecit: quod apud illum non <expan abbr="tã-tum">tan­<lb/>tum</expan> efficientis, atque elementa mouentis cau&longs;æ vim, &longs;ed etiam <lb/>materiæ &longs;imul obtineat: at accidere non potest, vt idem eiu&longs;­<lb/>dem vtroque modo &longs;it cau&longs;a, vt efficiens, ac mouens, & vt ma <lb/>teria. </s> <s>Ad hæc illud rectæ rationi immo &longs;en&longs;ui communi ad­<lb/>uer&longs;atur, quod Empedocles di&longs;cordiam facit immortalem, <lb/>quæ mali naturam &longs;apiat, contrariam concordiæ gerenti na­<lb/>turam boni, id quod ne fingi quidem po&longs;&longs;e videtur. </s> <s>Quoniam <lb/>cum pax &longs;phærum effecerit, nullus di&longs;cordiæ locus &longs;upererit: <lb/>ni&longs;i fortè di&longs;cordia in partem congregationis admi&longs;&longs;a, cum <lb/>pace fœdus inierit. </s> <s>Di&longs;cordia item natura mala, & violenta <lb/>adinfinitum tempus non e&longs;t; propter violentiam, quam &longs;ecum <lb/>coniunctam habet; & propter continuum bellum, quod cum <lb/>pace gerit; quia nullum violentum pote&longs;t e&longs;&longs;e perpetuum, li­<lb/>bro &longs;ecundo de cælo particula duodeuige&longs;ima.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Præterea &longs;atis non est dicere concordiam, & di&longs;cordiam <lb/>mouendi vim habere; ni&longs;i dicatur, quæ non &longs;it cau&longs;a motionis <lb/>prima, & communis, non concordia, & di&longs;cordia motus cau­<lb/>&longs;æ principes erunt, &longs;ed illius tantum, quod congregando, & <lb/>di&longs;gregando na&longs;citur: quoniam concordia in vnum omnia co­<lb/>git; dum &longs;phærum gignit: di&longs;cordia autem, & lis omnia &longs;egre­<lb/>gat, dum mundum &longs;uo tempore facit. </s> <s>Nibil <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> dicit de mo­<lb/>tu, qui fit vniuersè, & in genere; non enim &longs;at e&longs;t dicere, ami­<lb/>citia congregando, & inimicitia di&longs;gregando mouet, ni&longs;i aut <lb/>demon&longs;tretur, aut quomodocumque ponatur, quid &longs;it motus <lb/>in genere. </s> <s>Reddenda item cau&longs;a fuerat, cur amicitia congre­<lb/>gando, & inimicitia di&longs;gregando moueat; quam non red­<lb/>didit.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><pb xlink:href="011/01/104.jpg" pagenum="85"/><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Adhæc cum amicitia &longs;phærum gignit, & in vnum omnia <lb/>mi&longs;cet, nece&longs;&longs;e est, vt ignis de&longs;cendat, & terra a&longs;cendat, alio­<lb/>qui mi&longs;ceri non po&longs;&longs;unt: at i&longs;ti &longs;unt motus contra naturam, mo<lb/>tibus illis oppo&longs;iti, qui à natura fiunt: ergo concordia contra <lb/>naturam mouet; & di&longs;cordia naturalem motum concitat, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <lb/>ex &longs;phæro di&longs;cordia hunc mundum gignit: tunc enim nece&longs;&longs;e <lb/>est, vt ignis a&longs;cendat, & terra de&longs;cendat, vt &longs;ua propria natu­<lb/>raliaque loca inueniant: ergo non &longs;unt hæ duæ cau&longs;æ motus <lb/>naturalis; &longs;ed altera naturalem, altera violentum <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> exci­<lb/>tat: immo vtraque motum violentum fortè gignit. </s> <s><expan abbr="Cõcordia">Concordia</expan>, <lb/>dum confu&longs;um &longs;phærum efficit, elementa ex &longs;uis naturalibus <lb/>locis ad confu&longs;ionem violentia moueri cogit. </s> <s>Di&longs;cordia pari­<lb/>ter, dum &longs;phæri partes inordinatas ad <expan abbr="ordin&etilde;">ordinem</expan> redigit, ea&longs;dem <lb/>violentia fortè compellit. </s> <s>Violentus etiam motus ille e&longs;t, quem <lb/>concordia facit; dum concretum di&longs;&longs;oluit, & ignis partem ad <lb/>inferiora de&longs;cendere cogit: pari ratione dum ex loco proprio <lb/>ignis in terram fertur; vt compo&longs;itum a di&longs;cordia generetur, <lb/>violento motu, quia contra naturalem inclinationem, cietur: <lb/>licet Empedocles eumdem motum naturalem putet.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head"> <s>Oppugnatur Anaxagoræmens, Democriti fortu­<lb/>na, Anaximandri principium infinitum, à quo­<lb/>rum nullo elementa moueri po&longs;&longs;unt. <lb/></s> <s>Caput XI.<!-- KEEP S--></s></p><p type="main"> <s>N<emph type="italics"/>ec Anaxagoræ mens, quam rebus omnibus anti­<lb/>quiorem facit, à qua elementorum quoduis in quauis <lb/>re inordinatè, & confusè abditum, ex illa temeraria <lb/>coaceruatione extractum, in ordinemque traductum, elemen­<lb/>tis motum dedi&longs;set. </s> <s>Quia Anaxagoras mentem, quam prin-<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/105.jpg" pagenum="86"/><emph type="italics"/>cipium mundi&longs;tatuit, bonum ip&longs;um appellauit; qua de re di­<lb/>gnus e&longs;t, qui reprehendi debeat, quod huius motionis finem non <lb/>doceat: cum tamen nihil temere moueatur, præ&longs;ertim ab eo, <lb/>quod habet rationem boni, quod est finis: nunc autem omne, <lb/>quod mouet, ob aliquem finem mouet libro &longs;ecundo Phy&longs;ico­<lb/>rum, hic finis nece&longs;&longs;ario producendus erat: verum Anaxago <lb/>ras abditum mouentis mentis finem latere voluit, ne in eum <lb/>&longs;copulum allideretur, qui Anaxagoram, vel etiam inuitum <lb/>cogeret; ad alterum statuendum principium, quod mentem <lb/>ad mouendum moueret; ni&longs;iip&longs;a, propter &longs;eip&longs;am, vt propter <lb/>finem moueat, quod eo magis di&longs;putadum omnino fuerat, quo <lb/>minus ab Anaxagora hic finis intelligatur. </s> <s>Illud etiam cul­<lb/>pa non vacat, quod mentem a&longs;&longs;eruit, bonum e&longs;&longs;e principium, <lb/>quod moueat, malum tamen bono minimè oppo&longs;uerit, quod op <lb/>ponendum erat, quia alterum ab&longs;que altero <expan abbr="cõ&longs;i&longs;tere">con&longs;i&longs;tere</expan> nequit. <lb/></s> <s>Adhæc Anaxagoras mentem <expan abbr="vnãintroduxit">vnanintroduxit</expan>, vim, & cau­<lb/>&longs;am efficiendi, atque cuncta mouendi: vnam item mobilem <lb/>materiam congessit: ex qua omnes mundipartes extraheren <lb/>tur, ac mouerentur: vnus igitur motus nece&longs;&longs;ario erit, vbi <lb/>enim res mouens vna e&longs;t, itemque mobile vnum est, vnus <lb/>etiam motus nece&longs;&longs;ario fiet: nam ab vno in quantum vnum, <lb/>non na&longs;citur ni&longs;i vnum, vt intelligere po&longs;&longs;umus ex his, quæ <lb/>Ari&longs;toteles &longs;cripta reliquit libro &longs;ecundo de ortu, & inte­<lb/>ritu particula quinquage&longs;ima&longs;exta: nunc autem plures ele­<lb/>mentorum motus apparent: ergo ab vna, quam Anaxago­<lb/>ras introduxit mente, in quantum vna est, non fiunt.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Nec Democriti fortuna, & ca&longs;us hæc elementa <expan abbr="mouebũt">mouebunt</expan>: <lb/>tum quia, in natura nihil ca&longs;u, nihil temerè, nihil fortuito aut <lb/>moueat, aut moueatur, vt videre e&longs;t apud Ari&longs;totelem libre <lb/>&longs;ecundo de Phy&longs;ico auditu particula &longs;eptuage&longs;imaquinta, &<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/106.jpg" pagenum="87"/><emph type="italics"/>deinceps. </s> <s>Tum etiam quia fortuna, & ca&longs;us non &longs;unt verè <lb/>cau&longs;æ motus, &longs;ed naturæ potius verè mouentis errores: id quod <lb/>& in arte fit; in qua, &longs;i quid peccati incidit in artificiis, id ne­<lb/>que artificio&longs;um, neque artis <expan abbr="effectũ">effectum</expan> appellamus: ita &longs;i quod <lb/>elementorum à fortuna, & ca&longs;u moueatur, eius motus natu­<lb/>ræ neutiquam a&longs;cribendus erit: &longs;ed naturæ quibu&longs;dam erro­<lb/>ribus, atque peccatis: nos autem naturales naturalium mo­<lb/>tuum cau&longs;as inue&longs;tigamus, ergo, &c.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Nec Anaximandri principium illud rerum omnium in­<lb/>finitum, quod inter naturam animæ, atque ignis medium in­<lb/>tercedere &longs;entiebat, & contraria cuncta in eo inclu&longs;a fui&longs;&longs;e <lb/>memorabat, elementis motum præ&longs;tare potui&longs;&longs;et.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Quod corpus, quantumuis va&longs;tissimum, modo &longs;it finitum <lb/>ab infinitæ virtutis motore non in tempore, &longs;ed in momento <lb/>moueatur, vt facilè deducitur ex demon&longs;tratione Aristote­<lb/>lis libro &longs;eptimo, & octauo Phy&longs;icorum: in momento autem <lb/>nullus motus excitatur, &longs;ed in tempore tantum, & grauiter, <lb/>vt acutè demonstrat Ari&longs;toteles &longs;exto libro de Phy&longs;ico au­<lb/>ditu, ergo, &c.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head"> <s>Ab anima mundi Platonis, ab Orphei Ioue, ab <lb/>amore He&longs;iodi, elementa moueri non po&longs;&longs;e. <lb/></s> <s>Caput XII.<!-- KEEP S--></s></p><p type="main"> <s>N<emph type="italics"/>ec anima mundi, quam Plato &longs;e ip&longs;am agitare di­<lb/>xit, & reliquis e&longs;&longs;e principium mouendi particularem <lb/>illum, ac turbulentum ante Chaos, & ordinatum post <lb/>Chaos elementorum motum feci&longs;&longs;et.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Tum quia, hæc omnia, quæ Plato, ac cæteri omnes vete­<lb/>res Philo&longs;ophi finxerunt, &longs;i extiti&longs;&longs;ent, motus principia non<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/107.jpg" pagenum="87"/><emph type="italics"/>deinceps. </s> <s>Tum etiam quia fortuna, & ca&longs;us non &longs;unt verè <lb/>cau&longs;æ motus, &longs;ed naturæ potius verè moaentis errores: id quod <lb/>& in arte fit; in qua, &longs;i quid peccati incidit in artificus, id ne­<lb/>que artificio&longs;um, neque artis <expan abbr="effectũ">effectum</expan> appellamus: ita &longs;i quod <lb/>elementorum à fortuna, & ca&longs;u moueatur, eius motus natu­<lb/>ræ neutiquam a&longs;cribendus erit: &longs;ed naturæ quibu&longs;dam erro­<lb/>ribus, atque peccatis: nos autem naturales naturalium mo­<lb/>tuum cau&longs;as inue&longs;tigamus, ergo, & c.<emph.end type="italics"/><!-- KEEP S--></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Nec Anaximandri principium illud rerum omnium in­<lb/>finitum, quod inter naturam animæ, atque ignis medium in­<lb/>tercedere &longs;entiebat, & contraria cuncta in eo inclu&longs;a fui&longs;&longs;e <lb/>memorabat, elementis motum præ&longs;tare potui&longs;&longs;et.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Quod corpus, quantumuis va&longs;tissimum, modo &longs;it finitum <lb/>ab infinitæ virtutis motore non in tempore, &longs;ed in momento <lb/>moueatur, vt facilè deducitur ex demon&longs;tratione Aristote­<lb/>lis libro &longs;eptimo, & octauo Phy&longs;icorum: in momento autem <lb/>nullus motus excitatur, &longs;ed in tempore tantum, & grauiter, <lb/>vt acutè demonstrat Ari&longs;toteles &longs;exto libro de Phy&longs;ico au­<lb/>ditu, ergo, &c.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head"> <s>Ab anima mundi Platonis, ab Orphei Ioue, ab <lb/>amore He&longs;iodi, elementa mouerinon po&longs;&longs;e. <lb/></s> <s>Caput XII.<!-- KEEP S--></s></p><p type="main"> <s>N<emph type="italics"/>ec anima mundi, quam Plato &longs;e ip&longs;am agitare di­<lb/>xit, & reliquis e&longs;&longs;e principium mouendi particularem <lb/>illum, ac turbulentum ante Chaos, & ordinatum post <lb/>Chaos elementorum motum feci&longs;&longs;et.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Tum quia, hæc omnia, quæ Plato, ac cæteri omnes vete­<lb/>res Philo&longs;ophi finxerunt, &longs;i extiti&longs;&longs;ent, motus principia non<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/108.jpg" pagenum="88"/><emph type="italics"/>particularia, &longs;ed generalia tantum fui&longs;&longs;ent, à quibus &longs;olis nul <lb/>li motus na&longs;cuntur, ideo nos particulares motores &longs;ine <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> <lb/>particulari vi mouente nullus fit motus, inue&longs;tigamus. </s> <s>Tum <lb/>etiam, quia anim a mundi vnà cum vniuer&longs;itatis motione nata <lb/>priu&longs;quam na&longs;ceretur, elementorum agitationem inor dina­<lb/>tam, quæ naturam rerum vniuer&longs;am antegre&longs;&longs;a e&longs;t, excita­<lb/>re non potui&longs;&longs;et, posterius enim prioris cau&longs;a e&longs;&longs;e natura non <lb/>patitur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Nec Orphæi lupiter, in cuius pectore Diuino vera mundi <lb/>origo latitarit, ex eoque omnia depromp&longs;erit, elementa mo­<lb/>ui&longs;&longs;et in Chaos inordinatèiactata.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Nec Amor, quem He&longs;iodus rerum omnium creatorem, <lb/>ac motorem effecit, elementa concitaui&longs;&longs;et; cum nulla tunc re <lb/>rum di&longs;tinctio in natura fui&longs;&longs;et.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Quoniam nulla earum, quæ ab illis vt cau&longs;æ mouentes po­<lb/>nebantur, &longs;eu Amor e&longs;&longs;et, &longs;eu lupiter, verè actus, aut mouen <lb/>tes cau&longs;æ dici potui&longs;&longs;ent: nam quæ illius actus fui&longs;&longs;et natura, <lb/>qui infinitis ætatibus ocio, veluti marce&longs;cens, nihil egi&longs;&longs;et? <lb/></s> <s>Actus enim natura &longs;ua dicitur ille, qui perpetuò in actione <lb/>ver&longs;atur, & ab ea nec minimum quidem temporis di&longs;cedit, at <lb/>que de&longs;i&longs;tit. </s> <s>Amor etiam non ad rem omnino deformem, &longs;ed <lb/>adrem &longs;uapte natura formo&longs;am conuertitur. </s> <s>At deforme <lb/>antiquum erat Chaos: ergo <expan abbr="indignũ">indignum</expan>, quod amaretur. </s> <s>A quie <lb/>te præterea ad nouam molitionem mutari has cau&longs;as opus fui&longs; <lb/>&longs;et, qua de re non &longs;impliciter actus appellari merui&longs;&longs;ent, quip <lb/>pe quod potestate ante fui&longs;&longs;ent, & ab alia, quæ actu præter­<lb/>gre&longs;&longs;a e&longs;t cau&longs;a, immutatæ.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Valeant ergo hæc veterum Philo&longs;ophorum portenta, & <lb/>mon&longs;tra, ac Peripateticæ veritati &longs;pontè, cedant: ad quam ex­<lb/>planandam aggredimur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><pb xlink:href="011/01/109.jpg" pagenum="89"/><p type="head"> <s>Secunda particula &longs;ecundæ partis. </s> <s>Cap. XIII.<!-- KEEP S--></s> </p><p type="main"> <s>V<emph type="italics"/>t eum dicendorum ordinem teneamus, à quo nos num <lb/>quam di&longs;ce&longs;&longs;uros &longs;upra polliciti &longs;umus; in hac &longs;ecunda <lb/>&longs;ecundæ partis particula duo faciemus: primo nonnul <lb/>la de more annotabimus. </s> <s>Secundo ex annotatis propo&longs;itæ di&longs;­<lb/>qui&longs;itionis exitus explicabitur; ac totius controuer&longs;iæ nexus di&longs; <lb/>&longs;oluetur: qua ratione fiet, vt omnia naturæ con&longs;entaneo or di­<lb/>ne di&longs;tributa, facilius intellig antur, & intellecta memoriæ <expan abbr="cõ-mendata">con­<lb/>mendata</expan> tenacius hæreant.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head"> <s>Prima particula &longs;ecundæ particulæ &longs;ecundæ par­<lb/>tis, in qua de materia, & forma, quæ duo &longs;unt <lb/>perpetiendi, & agendi principia. <lb/></s> <s>Cap. XIIII.<!-- KEEP S--></s> </p><p type="main"> <s>SCIENDVM <emph type="italics"/>primo materiam primam e&longs;&longs;e naturam <lb/>quamdam, &longs;iue principium quoddam, quo aliud ab alio <lb/>mutatur, aut quolibet modo patitur &longs;ub ratione, qua <lb/>aliud: vt facilè intelligere po&longs;&longs;umus ex his, quæ ab Ari&longs;totele <lb/>&longs;cripta <expan abbr="fuerũt">fuerunt</expan> libro nono Diuinorum particula &longs;ecunda: eam <lb/>ob rem Auerroes Philo&longs;ophus maior omni genere laudis, in <lb/>eadem commentatione dixit. </s> <s>Materia prima quamlibet per <lb/>petiendi facultatem definit, perindeac definitio actionis primæ <lb/>formæ quamlibet agentem facultatem definire &longs;olet; cuius di­<lb/>ctiratio ab eodem Auerroe redditur libro duodecimo Diui­<lb/>norum commentatione duodeuige&longs;ima: quia &longs;cilicet formæ <lb/>omnes, omne&longs;que proportiones &longs;unt in facultate patien­<lb/>di primæ materiæ, & in facultate agendi primi motoris.<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/110.jpg" pagenum="90"/><emph type="italics"/>Ideo per primum motorem, primamque materiam definiri <lb/>debent. </s> <s>Sunt enim hæc duo extremà, quæmaximè distant <lb/>inter ea omnia, quæ &longs;unt in vniuer&longs;o. </s> <s>Id e&longs;t prima forma, quæ <lb/>e&longs;t primus intellectus Diuinus &longs;ummæ, numeri&longs;que omnibus ab <lb/>&longs;olutæ perfectionis principium, & prima materia, quæ e&longs;t al­<lb/>terum &longs;ummæ imperfectionis principium, vt enim illa omni <lb/>forma carens materia, res omnes materiales &longs;ua facultate <expan abbr="cõ">com</expan> <lb/>plectitur, cuius <expan abbr="cõplexu">complexu</expan> formæ omnes materiales patiuntur; <lb/>&longs;ic in illa &longs;uprema forma, quæ Deus e&longs;t, cunctæ formæ agen­<lb/>tes, ac mouentes mortales, immortale&longs;que continentur, vt per <lb/>hæc duo principia definiantur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Hoc fortè illud e&longs;t, quod magnus Plotinus voluit: dum di­<lb/>xit eo in libro, cui titulus e&longs;t, de duabus materiis. </s> <s>Mundum <lb/>hunc vniuer&longs;um vastissimum quoddam referre corpus; cuius <lb/>duæ &longs;unt &longs;uperficies, altitudinis altera, altera verò profun­<lb/>ditatis: ea, quæ e&longs;t altitudinis, &longs;uprema &longs;edes est primæ for­<lb/>mæ, & ea, quæ e&longs;t profunditatis, locus e&longs;t infimus primæ ma­<lb/>teriæ, quæ in nihilum non de&longs;init, &longs;ed certè est aliquid vt eam <lb/>aliquid e&longs;&longs;e Aristoteles demon&longs;trat, nempe &longs;ub&longs;tantia, libro <lb/>&longs;ecundo de anima particula &longs;ecunda, dum &longs;ub&longs;tantiam <expan abbr="omn&etilde;">omnem</expan> <lb/>tripartito diui&longs;it: in formam, quæ e&longs;t actus: in <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, quæ <lb/>est facultas: & in id, quod e&longs;t ex vtri&longs;que <expan abbr="concretũ">concretum</expan>: & Auer <lb/>roes libro tertio de anima commentatione quinta in &longs;olutione <lb/>tertiæ quæ&longs;tionis exponens illud, quod ex Ari&longs;totele na&longs;citur <lb/>particula quarta eiu&longs;dem libri. </s> <s>Omne recipiens debet e&longs;&longs;e de­<lb/>nudatum à natura recepti dixit Ari&longs;totelem non e&longs;&longs;e ita in­<lb/>telligendum, vt id nihil &longs;it, quod accepturum e&longs;t aliquid; immo <lb/>aliqua natura &longs;it oportet ea, quæ acceptura e&longs;t aliquid: modo <lb/>id non &longs;it; quod accipere debet, <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> nihil idem &longs;emetip&longs;um <lb/>accipit; id etiam magnus Plotinus eodem in libro probauit,<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/111.jpg" pagenum="91"/><emph type="italics"/>dum &longs;crip&longs;it. </s> <s>Quodpati potest ab actu, non e&longs;t actus; cum ni­<lb/>hil à &longs;e ip&longs;o patiatur, &longs;ed à contrario, & quod omnem actum <lb/>accipit, non e&longs;t actus; quia nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t, vt quod accipit, &longs;it omni­<lb/>no expers rei illius, quam accipit, & quod cuilibet actui &longs;ub­<lb/>sternitur, aliquid certè erit, &longs;ed non actus, nihil enim idem &longs;i­<lb/>bi ip&longs;i &longs;ubiicitur. </s> <s>At materia prima ab omni actu patitur, <lb/>omnem actum accipit, & cuilibet actui &longs;ubiicitur, vt pati po&longs;­<lb/>&longs;it ab actu, finiri ab actu possit, <expan abbr="qu&etilde;libet">quellibet</expan> possit accipere <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan>, <lb/>& in opus prorumpere &longs;ine actu minime possit. </s> <s>Ergo materia <lb/>prima e&longs;t infra omnem actum, & &longs;upra nihilum, vt paullo an <lb/>te memorauimus, &longs;ola, nuda, pura, &longs;implexque natura facul <lb/>tatis, ex &longs;e ip&longs;a informis, nullaque &longs;pecie, &longs;eu forma, prædita, <lb/>quo possit Protei cuiu&longs;dam fabulo&longs;i more in varias &longs;e &longs;e for­<lb/>mas induere, quibus naturæ ip&longs;ius vniuer&longs;itas exornetur; & <lb/>hæc pulcherrima rerum caducarum de&longs;criptio ab interitu vin <lb/>dicetur: nihil enim habet materia præter facultatem ad con­<lb/>trariorum paria quæuis accipienda, per quam facultatem <lb/>& ip&longs;a e&longs;t, & omnia gignuntur, & vicissitudo rerum omnium <lb/>caducarum perpetuum cur&longs;um &longs;eruet.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Vnde hallucinatum fui&longs;&longs;e <expan abbr="Themistiũ">Themistium</expan> credimus, qui <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> <lb/>quemdam entitatiuum (vt vocant) commentus est, quem ma <lb/>teriæ a&longs;crip&longs;it: multoque fœdius lap&longs;i &longs;unt posteriores, qui ma <lb/>teriæ actum existendi a&longs;crip&longs;erunt; put auerunt enim, mate­<lb/>riam primam ita comparatam e&longs;&longs;e, vt veluti omnia corpora, <lb/>exi&longs;tere possit. </s> <s>Verum &longs;olus Ari&longs;toteles remhanc ob&longs;curissi­<lb/>mam comprehendit; illiusque natur am propriam intus, & in <lb/>cute nouit; propriisque coloribus ad viuum expressit, dum di­<lb/>xit, materiam nullum certè e&longs;&longs;e actum, nullum alium actum <lb/>habere, id quod alibi demonstrauimus.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Sicut materia e&longs;t principium patiendi, ita forma est prin<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/112.jpg" pagenum="92"/><emph type="italics"/>cipium agendi, formæ enim e&longs;t mouere, & agere; alterius ve­<lb/>rò naturæ, id e&longs;t materiæ, e&longs;t moueri, & pati: vt ab Aristo­<lb/>tele &longs;cribitur libro &longs;ecundo de ortu, & interitu particula quin <lb/>quage&longs;imatertia. </s> <s>Eam ob cau&longs;am Auerroes libro nono Di­<lb/>uinorum &longs;criptum reliquit: materiam e&longs;&longs;e principium, quo <lb/>aliud mutatur ab alio &longs;ub ratione, qua aliud; & formam e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>principium, quo aliud mutat aliud &longs;ub ratione, qua aliud.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head"> <s>Quid conueniat inter Ari&longs;totelem, Platonem, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <lb/>Pythagoram, dum de his duobus agendi, & <lb/>patiendi principiis loquuntur; & quid <lb/>inter illos inter&longs;it. </s> <s>Cap. XV.<!-- KEEP S--></s> </p><p type="main"> <s>CIRCA <emph type="italics"/>hæc duo naturalium omnium rerum prima <lb/>principia, quod ad eorum numerum attinet, inter Pla­<lb/>tonem, Pythagoram, & Aristotelem egregiè <expan abbr="cõuenit">conuenit</expan>; <lb/>ea enim, quæ de &longs;ententia Ari&longs;totelis &longs;upra retulimus, apud <lb/>Platonemin Timæo leguntur; vbimateriam eamdem <expan abbr="matr&etilde;">matrem</expan>, <lb/>receptaculum, & omnium formarum nutricem appellat: ma <lb/>trem quidem, quia perindeac mater in vtero prolem concipit, <lb/>& conceptam parit donec eamdem parturiat; ita & materia <lb/>rerum mortalium fœcundi ssima mater innumer abilibus gra­<lb/>uidata formis omnia gignit, & fundit ex &longs;e&longs;e; receptaculum <lb/>autem, quia formas intra &longs;ua vi&longs;cera accipit: nutricem, quia <lb/>ea&longs;dem fouet, & alit, vt probæ nutrices modo natos infan­<lb/>tes amabili &longs;inu fouere, & alere &longs;olent.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Sed non minima inter Platonicos di&longs;&longs;en&longs;io inter cedit: nam <lb/><expan abbr="Platonicorũ">Platonicorum</expan> alij hoc formæ genus in duas naturas <expan abbr="partiũtur">partiuntur</expan>, <lb/>in mathematicas <expan abbr="inquã">inquam</expan> formas, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> Ideas; Alij verò hæc duo <lb/>ad <expan abbr="vnã">vnam</expan>, eamdemque Idearum <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> pertinere contendunt.<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/113.jpg" pagenum="93"/><emph type="italics"/>Pythagoras Ideas tollit, & mathematica relinquit, in <expan abbr="earũ">earum</expan> <expan abbr="re-rũ">re­<lb/>rum</expan> medio &longs;ita, quæ intellectu, & quæ &longs;en&longs;u <expan abbr="agno&longs;cũtur">agno&longs;cuntur</expan>, id quod <lb/>Simplicius, atque Themi&longs;tius Ari&longs;toteli a&longs;crip&longs;erunt in pro­<lb/>logo libri primi Phy&longs;icorum, quem locum alibi expo&longs;uimus.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>In forma di&longs;crepant, nam Plato in Timæo, Parmenide, <lb/>ac Phœdone Ideam loco formæ, quam Ari&longs;toteles in mate­<lb/>ria po&longs;uit, veluti principium à rebus, quæ fiunt &longs;eparatum, in <lb/>Dei mente collocauit; quibus de rebus grauissimis nunc di&longs;pu­<lb/>tandum non est.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Inter hæc agendi, & <expan abbr="perpeti&etilde;">perpetiem</expan> di principia, multa inter&longs;unt; <lb/>& præterea quæ paullo ante retulimus, illud potissimum inter <lb/>e&longs;t, quod ratus est Auerroes libro quarto de cælo commenta­<lb/>tione &longs;ecunda, & libro &longs;ecundo de anima commentatione quin <lb/>quage&longs;imaprima, & duodecimo Diuinorum comment atione <lb/>quarta, dum dixit.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Principium agendi &longs;ine vllo extrin&longs;eco motore vi, <expan abbr="naturaq.">naturaque</expan> <lb/>&longs;ua propria in actum erumpit, modo &longs;ubiacentem materiam <lb/>habeat, in qua, & circa quam agendo vim &longs;uam exercere <lb/>possit; vt ignis ad calefaciendum nullum motorem expectat <lb/>extrin&longs;ecum, &longs;ed vi, naturaque &longs;ua propria calefacit, modo <lb/>id ad&longs;it; quod calefieri po&longs;&longs;et. </s> <s>Id tamen perpetuò verum non <lb/>est, &longs;ed in his agentibus dumtaxat, quæ vim &longs;uam agendi <lb/>actu, & non &longs;ola facultate obtinent: hæc prima quaque <lb/>occa&longs;ione agunt, hæc &longs;unt quæcumque cælesti, diuinoque ca­<lb/>lore agunt, vt &longs;ol & animantes omnes actu agendi vires ha­<lb/>bent complures, easque &longs;ic promptas, vt &longs;emper <expan abbr="agãt">agant</expan>, nec vllius <lb/>externi &longs;ub&longs;idij ope, à qua irritentur, indigeant; ea porrò agen <lb/>tia, quæ potestate dumtaxat vires habent in&longs;itas, easque con­<lb/>&longs;opitas, ab illis excitari debent, quæ actu vigent; vt piper, etiam <lb/>&longs;i actu frigidum editur, protinus vt expul&longs;o frigore ab innato<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/114.jpg" pagenum="94"/><emph type="italics"/>no&longs;tro calore irritatur, tunc &longs;uo ip&longs;ius calore, quo non actu, &longs;ed <lb/>facultate præditum erat; nos acerrimè vrit, de quo Galenus, <lb/>libro octauo &longs;imp. </s> <s>& libro quarto de &longs;anitate tuenda, & ali­<lb/>bi &longs;æpe.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Principium verò perpetiendi &longs;iue remotum, &longs;iue <expan abbr="proximũ">proximum</expan> <lb/>extiterit, extrin&longs;eco motore indiget, vt lignum &longs;ine extrin&longs;eco <lb/>calefaciente, non calefit, & &longs;ine extrin&longs;eco exurente, non vri­<lb/>tur, & &longs;ine extrin&longs;eco &longs;ecante, non &longs;ecatur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head"> <s>De duobus formarum generibus, quorum alte­<lb/>rum formas materiales, alterum vero formas <lb/>à materia pror&longs;us immunes comple­<lb/>ctitur. </s> <s>Caput XVI.<!-- KEEP S--></s></p><p type="main"> <s>SCIENDVM <emph type="italics"/>&longs;ecundo formas e&longs;&longs;e duorum generum, <lb/>quædam &longs;unt quarum e&longs;&longs;e à materia omni ex parte pen <lb/>det, quæ quidem ex ip&longs;a materia pullulant, atque radi­<lb/>ces in eatam altè infixas habent; vt ab ea nulla vi euellan­<lb/>tur: vt &longs;unt formæ elementorum, mineralium, plantarum, at­<lb/>que brutorum, quorumdam e&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t ab omni materia pror&longs;us <lb/>immune. </s> <s>Primæ formæ &longs;unt: quæ à vero agente, per verum <lb/>motum veramque mutationem ex materiæ vtero extrahun­<lb/>tur, hæ dant e&longs;&longs;e materiæ, & à materia illud vicissim <expan abbr="accipiũt">accipiunt</expan> <lb/>in diuer&longs;o tamen genere cau&longs;æ; cuius classis &longs;unt omnes formæ <lb/>materiales elementorum, & eorum omnium, quæ ex eorum­<lb/>dem mixtione na&longs;cuntur. </s> <s>Cum de mortalibus formis agimus, <lb/>hominis intellectum &longs;emper excipimus, quem immixtum, & <lb/>immaterialem e&longs;&longs;e alibi demonstrauimus, idque de &longs;ententia <lb/>Ari&longs;totelis, aduer&longs;us quo&longs;dam, qui ventri, & veneri operam <lb/>ludunt; & omnia, cum corpore, pariter concidere cupiunt; nul<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/115.jpg" pagenum="95"/><emph type="italics"/>lum futurum iudicem optant, qui huius vitæ rationem à nobis <lb/>po&longs;t hac repo&longs;cat, & eam ob &longs;olam cau&longs;am cum animarum <lb/>immortalitate <expan abbr="perpetuũ">perpetuum</expan> bellum gerunt. </s> <s>Quamquam animas<lb/>nostras, extinctis corporibus e&longs;&longs;e &longs;uperstites, nec vllavi fati <lb/>perimipo&longs;&longs;e alio modo, de &longs;ententia Ari&longs;totelis confirmamus, <lb/>& aliter &longs;ecundum catholicam veritatem credimus; hæc obi­<lb/>ter, & veluti pertran&longs;ennam, nunc adrem paullo <expan abbr="antecœptã">antecœptam</expan> <lb/>reuertimur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Formæ immunes à materia &longs;unt cæle&longs;tium, & <expan abbr="Diuinorũ">Diuinorum</expan> <lb/>corporum formæ, & hominis intellectus: hæ, per verum mo­<lb/>tum, veramque mutationem, ab agente vero ex abditissimis <lb/>materia recessibus non educuntur; nec à materia aliquod e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>mutuantur, &longs;edmateriæ globorum cælestium, & humanæ na <lb/>turæ e&longs;&longs;e communicant, vel vt &longs;oli fines actu existentem ma­<lb/>teriam con&longs;eruantes, vel vt efficientes metaphorici, vel mate­<lb/>riæ nullum e&longs;&longs;e <expan abbr="cõmunicant">communicant</expan>, &longs;edeam tantum mouent, regunt, <lb/>atque gubernant: huius generis (vti diximus) &longs;unt formæ cæ <lb/>lestes, quæ ex cæle&longs;tium <expan abbr="globorũ">globorum</expan> materia nullaratione extra <lb/>huntur; à cælo nullum e&longs;&longs;e mutuantur, &longs;ed cælo tantum assi­<lb/>&longs;tunt, illudque con&longs;eruant, <expan abbr="conuer&longs;ioneq.">conuer&longs;ioneque</expan> rotunda cæle&longs;tes glo­<lb/>bos ab ortu in occa&longs;um, & ab occa&longs;u in ortum vicissimrecur­<lb/>rentes vigintiquatuor horarum &longs;pacio, ocissimè ver&longs;ant: inter <lb/>has formas à materia pror&longs;us immunes à nobis relatus est <lb/>hominis intellectus immortalis.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Uniuer&longs;a partitio e&longs;t Auerrois libro primo de Phy&longs;ico au <lb/>ditu commentatione vltima, & libro tertio de anima commen <lb/>tatione quinta, & libro de &longs;ubstantia orbis capite primo.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Differunt hæ formæ; quia materiæ à formis materialibus, <lb/>& formæ materiales ab earumdem materiis à &longs;e inuicem, vl­<lb/>tro, citroque perfectionem, atque imperfectionem <expan abbr="mutuãtur">mutuantur</expan>.<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/116.jpg" pagenum="96"/><emph type="italics"/>cum exten&longs;a materia materiales formæ <expan abbr="ext&etilde;duntur">extenduntur</expan>: cum di­<lb/>uidua materia, & ip&longs;æ diuiduntur: quapropter in eis e&longs;t to­<lb/>tum, & pars, perindeac in earumdem materia, & licet for­<lb/>ma, vt forma, &longs;it actus: forma tamen, vt in materia, facul­<lb/>tatis e&longs;t particeps, omnemque ex materia na&longs;centem imper­<lb/>fectionem a&longs;ci&longs;cit, <expan abbr="cũreciprocatione">curreciprocatione</expan> tamen, vt materia a&longs;ci­<lb/>&longs;cat &longs;ibi perfectionem formæ illius, cuius munere fit, vt actu <lb/>existat. </s> <s>Formæ à materia pror&longs;us immunes à materiæ con­<lb/>tagio&longs;is, ac morbo&longs;is conditionibus non afficiuntur; quod ex <lb/>materiæ facultate non educantur, nec vnà cum exten&longs;ama­<lb/>teria extendantur, diui&longs;ione materiæ non diuidantur, vacent <lb/>que toto, & partibus; nec ratione qua formæ perfectionem à <lb/>materia mutuantur: quoniam forma, & perfectio &longs;unt <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan>, <lb/>& idem: nec ratione, qua materiæ &longs;int alligatæ: quod earum <lb/>dem formarum natura à materia omnino immunis, nullius <lb/>&longs;it materiæ particeps; ideo ab ea nec affici, nec infici valeat. <lb/></s> <s>Hæ formæ tantum faciunt; nullo modo patiuntur, neque per <lb/>&longs;e, neque per accidens: vt auctor e&longs;t Auerroes libro nono Di­<lb/>uinorum commentatione &longs;ecunda.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Formæ materiales quamquam vi, naturaque propria non <lb/>patiuntur, tamen vi, & natura alterius, quod est per acci­<lb/>dens pati videntur, ratione &longs;cilicet materiæ; à cuius contagio­<lb/>&longs;is, ac morbo&longs;is conditionibus afficiuntur. </s> <s>Ideo magnus Ploti­<lb/>nus libro cui titulus e&longs;t. </s> <s>Unde mala: omne malum materiæ <lb/>a&longs;cribit, & omne bonum formæ acceptum refert.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head"> <s>Quomodo actio à forma, & perpe&longs;sio à materia <lb/>na&longs;catur. </s> <s>Cap. XVII.<!-- KEEP S--></s> </p><p type="main"> <s>TERTIO <emph type="italics"/>&longs;ciendum, actionem, & perpessionem ab <lb/>vna, eademque natura manare non po&longs;&longs;e. </s> <s>Actio enim<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/117.jpg" pagenum="97"/><emph type="italics"/>manat à forma, & perpessio à materia primam &longs;uiortus ori­<lb/>ginem repetit, hæ duæ &longs;unt horum effectuum cau&longs;æ, primo <lb/>diuer&longs;æ; nam &longs;i actio à materia manaret; cum vna nume­<lb/>ro &longs;ub omnibus formis materia &longs;it; vna etiam erit omnium <lb/>actio: nunc autem, cum diuer&longs;æ diuer&longs;orum corporum actio­<lb/>nes appareant: non per materiam vnam, &longs;ed per formas di­<lb/>uer&longs;as, diuer&longs;a corpora agunt; neque id quidem immeritò: quo<lb/>niam quaratione corpora &longs;unt, eadem agunt. </s> <s>Sunt autem <lb/>non per materiam in &longs;pecie hac, velilla, &longs;ed per hanc <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, <lb/>vel illam: per hanc ergo formam, vel illam, hanc vel illam <lb/>actionem ab&longs;oluunt: præ&longs;ertim, cumid, quod agit ei, quod <lb/>patitur, præ&longs;to &longs;it per formam; & in materiam alienam, <lb/>agens, per formævim, tran&longs;eat: vt efficacitate frigiditatis <lb/>aqua frigefacit; & ignis per caliditatem calefacit. </s> <s>Hinc fit, <lb/>vt cau&longs;æ materiales effectus producant, non materia, &longs;ed for­<lb/>ma &longs;imiles; qua&longs;iper formas, & non per materias actiones <lb/>ab&longs;oluantur. </s> <s>Hinc inter genitum, & genitorem &longs;imilitudo <lb/>na&longs;citur ratione formæ, & non ratione materiæ, vt homo <lb/>hominem generat: equus equum, & omnia generatim ex &longs;ui <lb/>&longs;imilibus gignantur. </s> <s>Arsitem, quæ naturam diligenter imi <lb/>tatur, &longs;imile amat institutum: qualem enim &longs;peciem domus <lb/>Architectus animo concipit, talem is domum è lignis, & <lb/>lapidibus molitur: præterquam quod natura eas res mo­<lb/>ueat, atque ver&longs;et; in quibus intus inclu&longs;a est: vt liquido con­<lb/>&longs;tat, ex definitione naturæ. </s> <s>Ars verò vim &longs;uam rebus exter <lb/>nis effingendis adhibet, ita vt &longs;emper, quod &longs;iue ab arte, &longs;iue <lb/>à natura gignitur &longs;imile &longs;it ei, à quo gignitur ratione formæ, <lb/>cui tamquam principio, in generatione datur, vt agat, & non <lb/>ratione materiæ quæ in eadem generatione, vt &longs;ubiacens ra­<lb/>tionis principium, patitur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><pb xlink:href="011/01/118.jpg" pagenum="98"/><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Hinc &longs;equitur: id quod est ex materia, & ex forma con­<lb/>cretum, facere, mouere, & actu exi&longs;tere, ratione formæ: pati, <lb/>moueri, existere po&longs;&longs;e, ratione materiæ; e&longs;t tunc idem actu <lb/>& facultate, &longs;ed ratione diuer&longs;arum partium; actu ratione <lb/>formæ facultate ratione materiæ facit, & patitur ratione di­<lb/>uer&longs;a; facit ratione formæ patitur ratione materiæ mouet, <lb/>& mouetur: mouet ratione formæ; mouetur ratione materiæ.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Cau&longs;a, per quam actio, & passio, non ab eadem, &longs;ed à di­<lb/>uer&longs;a natura na&longs;catur, e&longs;t: quia quod facit, quatenus est <lb/>actu, facit; & quod patitur, quatenus e&longs;t, facultate patitur; <lb/>actus autem, & facultas &longs;unt differentiæ valdè oppo&longs;itæ vt <lb/>dixit Auerroes libro primo de anima commentatione &longs;exta: <lb/>quæ vni eidemque naturæ, &longs;ub eadem ratione, & re&longs;pectu <lb/>eiu&longs;dem a&longs;cribi non po&longs;&longs;unt; nam &longs;i actio, & perpessio ab ea­<lb/>dem natura &longs;ub eadem ratione, & re&longs;pectu eiu&longs;dem produ­<lb/>cerentur, idem, omnibus modis idem e&longs;&longs;et actu, & pote&longs;tate: <lb/>cui dicto vniuer&longs;a Philo&longs;ophorum classis omnino reclamat.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Ex his &longs;equitur, grauitatem in corpore graui, & <expan abbr="leuitat&etilde;">leuitatem</expan> <lb/>in corpore leui, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> moueri eo modo, quo mouet, mouent quate­<lb/>nus formæ: & mouentur quatenus in materia; &longs;iue grauitas, <lb/>& leuitas &longs;int elementorum formæ, &longs;iue accidentia propria, <lb/>quæ ad formas quàm proximè accedant; ex quibus immedia­<lb/>tèmanant; vt &longs;en&longs;i&longs;&longs;e videtur Auerroes libro quarto de cælo <lb/>commentatione vige&longs;imaquinta: grauitas enim, & leuitas, <lb/>& cæteræ elementorum qualitates quamquam non &longs;unt for­<lb/>mæ, elementorum tamen formæ dicuntur, quia his omnibus <lb/>qualitatibus in tenuissimas partes comminutis, elementorum <lb/>etiam formæ comminuuntur, & vnà cum elementorum ortu, <lb/>& interitu oriuntur, & intereunt: &longs;unt enim mediæ inter &longs;ub­<lb/>stantias, & accidentia: ad accidentia tamen propius, quam<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/119.jpg" pagenum="99"/><emph type="italics"/>ad &longs;ub&longs;tantias accedunt; ideo accidentium, magis quam &longs;ub­<lb/>stantiarum proprietates imitantur, quo fit, vt elementorum <lb/>formæ <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> minus quam &longs;i e&longs;&longs;ent accidentia, comminuantur, at<lb/>que intereant: altera prius existente in materia qualitate <lb/>con&longs;imili, per alterius nouæ qualitatis aduentum nouum ele­<lb/>mentum facilius gignitur: licet vnumquodque etiam contra­<lb/>rium elementum, ex vnoquoque etiam contrario elemento im<lb/>mediatè gignatur, auctis, & imminutis elementorum qualita­<lb/>tibus, elementorum formæ augentur, & minuuntur: ip&longs;is ge­<lb/>nitis, & peremptis gignuntur, & perimuntur; vt contra Aui <lb/>cennam a&longs;&longs;euer antem elementorum formas integras con&longs;er­<lb/>uari eorumdem qualitatibus comminutis; acutè, & grauiter <lb/>di&longs;putauit Auerroes, demonstrauitque Auicennæ dictum <lb/>tam fal&longs;um e&longs;&longs;e, quam fal&longs;issimum; vt alio loco vidimus.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head"> <s>Detriplici elementorum facultate. <lb/></s> <s>Cap. XVIII.<!-- KEEP S--></s> </p><p type="main"> <s>QVARTO <emph type="italics"/>&longs;ciendum, elementorum facultatem, &longs;eu <lb/>potestatem <expan abbr="eãdem">eandem</expan> appellare mauultis, e&longs;&longs;e trium ge­<lb/>nerum: prima e&longs;&longs;entialis nuncupatur, quam Simpli­<lb/>cius octauo libro Phy&longs;icorum particula trige&longs;ima&longs;ecunda ap­<lb/>pellat facultatem &longs;ecundum aptitudinem, tunc, cum non dum <lb/>factum e&longs;t, id quod dicitur: vt puer est facultate grammati­<lb/>cus, vel mu&longs;icus; quia, cum non dum factus &longs;it mu&longs;icus, aut <expan abbr="grã">gram</expan> <lb/>maticus fieri potest. </s> <s>Hæc facultas in motu elementorum ni­<lb/>hil est aliud, quam habilitas in materia contrarij elementi, <lb/>hac facultate graue pote&longs;t moueri &longs;ur&longs;um; quoniam potest <lb/>fieri leue, & leue hac facultate pote&longs;t deor&longs;um ferri; quoniam, <lb/>quod leue e&longs;t, in graue pote&longs;t conuerti, vt ignis &longs;æpe in terram,<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/120.jpg" pagenum="100"/><emph type="italics"/>& <expan abbr="terranõ">terranon</expan> raro in ignem vicissim commeat. </s> <s>Vtrum ne <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> <lb/>quodque elementum in aliud quoduis elementum immediatè <lb/>conuertatur, an vero contrarium elementum in aliud <expan abbr="cõtra-rium">contra­<lb/>rium</expan> non ni&longs;iper media elementa permeet; à nobis <expan abbr="di&longs;putatũ">di&longs;putatum</expan> <lb/>e&longs;t alibi, & quodlibet elementumin quoduis elementum im­<lb/>mediatè migrare po&longs;&longs;e conclu&longs;um.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Secunda facultas accidentalis nuncupatur, & tunc est, <lb/>cum elementa actu existunt non tamen actu moueantur; &longs;ed <lb/>tantum moueri queant, id illis ui, naturaque propria, quod e&longs;t <lb/>per &longs;e non ine&longs;t; &longs;edui, & natura alterius; quod e&longs;t per acci­<lb/>dens: hæc facultas in motu elementorum est forma leuis, vel <lb/>grauis elementi. </s> <s><expan abbr="Hãc">Hanc</expan> Simplicius in loco, quem nuper adduxi­<lb/>mus, aptitudinem appellauit, tunc cum iam quidem factum <lb/>e&longs;t id, quod dicitur, & habet actum primum, qui agendo vim <lb/>&longs;uam propriam non exerit, &longs;ed vel feriatur, vel ocio torpet: <lb/>quemadmodum dicimus aliquem pote&longs;tate mu&longs;icum, cum <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb/>pul&longs;at cytharam; illam tamen pul&longs;are pote&longs;t, cum vult: nunc <lb/>autem vel dormit, vel aliud quid agit. </s> <s>Hanc facuitatem Sim <lb/>plicius ratus e&longs;t e&longs;&longs;e medium inter ab&longs;olutum actum, & ab&longs;o­<lb/>lutam facultatem. </s> <s>Tertia facultas e&longs;t cum actu coniuncta, <lb/>nam &longs;i graue deor&longs;um concitatur, &longs;i leue &longs;ur&longs;um attollitur; id <lb/>vtique illis accidit, quia tali motu concitaripo&longs;&longs;unt, nam &longs;i ea <lb/>dem cieri non po&longs;&longs;ent; non cierentur: &longs;edimmota manerent: <lb/>perindeac non loquitur, non &longs;edet, non &longs;tat ni&longs;i qui loqui, &longs;ede­<lb/>re, & &longs;tare potest. </s> <s>Facultas primaremot a nucupatur à The <lb/>mistio octauo libro Phy&longs;icorum particula trige&longs;ima&longs;ecunda: <lb/>quia indiget agente, qui eamdem ad actum traducat, vt di­<lb/>xit Auerroes duodecimo Diuinorum commentatione deci­<lb/>maoctaua, & quadrage&longs;imaquarta, & octauo Phy&longs;icorum <lb/>comment atione trige&longs;ima&longs;ecunda.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><pb xlink:href="011/01/121.jpg" pagenum="101"/><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Nuncupatur prima facultas e&longs;&longs;entialis: quia e&longs;t ad for­<lb/>mam, quæ e&longs;t rei e&longs;&longs;entia: pugnans enim & contrarium ele­<lb/>mentorum ad contrarij elementiformam tendit, idque ratio­<lb/>ne materiæ, cuius gratia vnumquodque quod fit facultatem <lb/>habet, adhoc, vt fiat: res enim omnes, quæ fiunt, à materia <lb/>habent, vt fieripossint, antequam fiant, & vt fiant, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> fiunt; <lb/>& à forma habent non vt fieri possint, nec vt fiant, &longs;ed vt &longs;int, <lb/>forma est quæ dat e&longs;&longs;e, & hoc e&longs;&longs;e, & materia &longs;olum præ­<lb/>&longs;tat fieri.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Nuncupatur prima facultas violenta, quia elementa ad <lb/>propria loca naturaliter concitari nequeunt, & quod elemen­<lb/>ta ad propria loca fer antur; illis præter naturam accidit; id­<lb/>que altero duorum modorum, vel quia extraproprium locum <lb/>genita cum &longs;int, non nihil con&longs;eruant contrariæ, atque <expan abbr="pugnã">pugnam</expan> <lb/>tis illius naturæ, ex qua genita &longs;unt: vt ecceignis exterrage­<lb/>nitus, qui non nihil adhuc con&longs;eruat contrariæ, atque pugnan<lb/>tis terræ, illiu&longs;que naturæ, ex qua e&longs;t genitus; quam a&longs;cenden­<lb/>do deponit, dum ad proprium ac naturalem locum, vt ad pro­<lb/>priam <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, ac perfectionem numeris omnibus ab&longs;olutam <lb/>mouetur: perfectionem tum <expan abbr="demũ">demum</expan> nanci&longs;cetur, cum ad opta­<lb/>tum locum naturalem peruenerit, quo cum a&longs;cenderit, iam <lb/>actu perfectum erit: tunc enim omni excu&longs;&longs;o pondere, omni­<lb/>que depo&longs;ita contraria grauitate, ignis leuissimus erit omni­<lb/>no ab&longs;olutus.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Secundo igni præter naturam &longs;ur&longs;um moueri accidit; <expan abbr="quã-do">quan­<lb/>do</expan> ignis extra proprium locum naturalem extru&longs;us, <expan abbr="violentiã">violentiam</expan> <lb/>illam pa&longs;&longs;us e&longs;t, qua de renuper aliqua ex parte egimus; à qua <lb/>fit, vt non natura, &longs;ed violentia di&longs;po&longs;itus exi&longs;tat: quæ omnia <lb/>vera &longs;unt exhis quæ Ari&longs;toteles, Simplicius, Auerroes, & <lb/>cæteri ferè omnes &longs;emper, & vbique probatissimi Philo&longs;ophi<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/122.jpg" pagenum="102"/><emph type="italics"/>memoriæ prodiderunt libro quarto de cælo particula vige&longs;ima<lb/>&longs;exta, trige&longs;imaprima, & trige&longs;ima&longs;ecunda: non enim de <lb/>&longs;ententia illorum ignis &longs;ur&longs;um a&longs;cendit, quia ignis &longs;it factus; <lb/>&longs;ed quia fiat; nam postquam factus est, nullo motu cietur, &longs;ed <lb/>in &longs;uo proprio naturalique loco que&longs;cit.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Quo fundamento, licet perperam, v&longs;us tamen fuit aliquan <lb/>do Zenarcus in libro, quem aduer&longs;us quintam e&longs;&longs;entiam edi­<lb/>dit auctore Simplicio primo cæli: Nuncupatur etiam violen­<lb/>ta hæc facultas e&longs;&longs;entialis, quia igni deor&longs;um moueri natura <lb/>non ine&longs;t, &longs;ed id ei per violentiam accidit, quatenus in terram <lb/>conuerti pote&longs;t; & conuer&longs;us deor&longs;um incitari, & terram &longs;ur­<lb/>&longs;um vici&longs;sim moueri contigit hac e&longs;&longs;entiali facultate; quia ex <lb/>terraignis na&longs;citur; qui postquam natus e&longs;t, omni &longs;ublato im­<lb/>pedimento &longs;ur&longs;um ad &longs;uum proprium, ac naturalem locum, <lb/>vbi nunc luna e&longs;t, concitatur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Secunda facultas proxima nuncupatur; quia agente, qui <lb/>eamdem ad actum transfert, non indiget; quod elementumil <lb/>lico genitum ad &longs;uum proprium, ac naturalem locum &longs;uapte <lb/>natura, ac propria &longs;ponte moueatur, ni&longs;iper aliquod impe­<lb/>diens &longs;tat, quo minus id fiat: at &longs;i impedimentum auferatur; <lb/>elementum nuper genitum ad proprium locum naturalem &longs;ta <lb/>tim incitatur: vt ecce terra, quæ grauis est, vel aliud <expan abbr="quoddã">quoddam</expan> <lb/>corpus pondero&longs;um, in leui&longs;simum ignem euadere pote&longs;t; quod <lb/>&longs;i fiat, tunc &longs;uperiorem locum continenter petit: itaque per­<lb/>&longs;picuum e&longs;tid, quodiam facultate leue e&longs;t, cum ad actum le­<lb/>uitatis erumpit, in &longs;uperiorem huius orbis plagam ferri, &longs;ubla <lb/>to enim omni impedimento natura ip&longs;a elementa nuper geni­<lb/>ta in proprium locum port at; id quod in exculentis, atque po­<lb/>culentis accidere videmus, & in eo corpore, quod ad &longs;anitatem <lb/>recuperandam affectum e&longs;t cum primum enim impedimen-<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/123.jpg" pagenum="103"/><emph type="italics"/>tum tollitur, nulla est, quin & cibus in corpus animati <expan abbr="&longs;ub&longs;tã-tiam">&longs;ub&longs;tan­<lb/>tiam</expan> conuertatur, & quod ægrum e&longs;t valetudinem &longs;uam con­<lb/>&longs;equatur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>It a quæ loco cientur, &longs;iue iam actu &longs;int, vt extra locum <expan abbr="&longs;uũ">&longs;uum</expan> <lb/>naturalem alicubi per violentiam detineantur, &longs;iue ex facul­<lb/>tate ad actum prorumpant, &longs;i nihil impediat, locum &longs;uum &longs;ta <lb/>tim petunt, quamuis enim res etiam in actu &longs;it; tamen &longs;i con­<lb/>tra naturam in alieno loco detineatur, quodammodo imper­<lb/>fecta videtur, & habet in &longs;e facultatem, qua ad proprium lo­<lb/>cum, vt ad <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> ab&longs;olutam perfectionem, & <expan abbr="fin&etilde;">finem</expan> rapiatur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Hæc facultas multis de cau&longs;is &longs;ecundum accidens dicitur: <lb/>primo quia ine&longs;t elemento actu existenti, ergo &longs;ecundum ac­<lb/>cidens ine&longs;&longs;e intelligitur, <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> quæ alicui actu existenti in&longs;unt, <lb/>accidentia &longs;unt.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Secundo quia accidit elementis contineri extra proprium <lb/>locum, & ad proprium locum ferri, cum in alieno loco vnde <lb/>moueantur, vel violenter <expan abbr="cõtineantur">contineantur</expan>, eò per violentiam impul <lb/>&longs;a, velibi ex contraria elementorum natura generentur, quo <lb/>rum vtrumque elementis inest per accidens.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Tertio quia elementa non mouentur, ni&longs;i postquam fue­<lb/>rint in loco propter naturam: nec dum ad locum &longs;ecundum <lb/>naturam peruenerint: quem cum attigerint, amplius non <lb/>mouebuntur: &longs;ed immota quie&longs;cent: id quod Ari&longs;toteles de <lb/>monstrauit libro quarto de cælo particula vige&longs;ima&longs;exta: <lb/>quæ omnia elementis accidunt.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Quarto quia e&longs;t ad opus, & adactionem formæ; quæ &longs;unt <lb/>accidentia formæ. </s> <s>Hæc eadem facultas, quæ &longs;ecundum acci­<lb/>dens dicitur, naturalis nuncupatur; quia elementis iam ge­<lb/>nitis à natura ine&longs;t, vt &longs;uapte leuitate, & grauitate aut &longs;ur­<lb/>&longs;um tollantur, aut deor&longs;um ferantur: primo cæli, particula<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/124.jpg" pagenum="104"/><emph type="italics"/>vndecima, & non raro alibi.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>De huiu&longs;modi facultatibus verba fecit Simplicius aduer­<lb/>&longs;us Ioannem Grammaticum octauo Phy&longs;icorum particula no <lb/>na, de ei&longs;dem Auerroes in eodem octauo <expan abbr="cõmentatione">commentatione</expan> quar­<lb/>ta, & libro quarto de cælo commentatione vige&longs;imaquinta: <lb/>Etenim Ioannes Grammaticus e&longs;&longs;entialem elementorum fa­<lb/>cultatem non vidit e&longs;&longs;e in elemento contrario, & tempore, <lb/>actu primo, necnouit facultatem accidentalem e&longs;&longs;e in ele­<lb/>mento iam genito, vt in ligno comburendo, in oleo inflamman­<lb/>do est facultas e&longs;&longs;entialis ad motum &longs;ur&longs;um; atque in igni, <lb/>exligno iam genito, & in flamma ex oleo accen&longs;a est fa­<lb/>cultas accidentalis: id quod Ioannes Grammaticus a&longs;&longs;equi <lb/>cum non potuerit, quid mirum &longs;i à &longs;copo abberrauerit? <lb/></s> <s>Detertia facultate, quæ e&longs;t cum actu <expan abbr="cõiuncta">coniuncta</expan>, agit Alexan <lb/>der Aphrodi&longs;ien&longs;is vige&longs;ima quæstione libri &longs;ecundi quæ&longs;tio­<lb/>num <expan abbr="naturaliũ">naturalium</expan>. </s> <s>De hac magnus Plotinus in libro de eo, quod <lb/>in potentia, & de eo, quodin actu capite &longs;ecundo. </s> <s>Ex Ari&longs;tote <lb/>le etiam, atque Themi&longs;tio, Simplicioque, & Auerroe octauo <lb/>libro Phy&longs;icorum particula quarta, nona, & trige&longs;ima&longs;ecun­<lb/>da, alibique &longs;æpius, pote&longs;t & vniuer&longs;a colligipartitio.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head"> <s>Quomodo elementa eadem &longs;ur&longs;um, & deor&longs;um <lb/>natura, & contra naturam ferantur. <lb/></s> <s>Cap. XIX.<!-- KEEP S--></s> </p><p type="main"> <s>S<emph type="italics"/>i quis roget, &longs;i ignis &longs;ur&longs;um, & &longs;iterra deor&longs;um violen­<lb/>tia, & non natura cieantur; qui factum e&longs;t igitur, vt <lb/>Aristoteles libro primo de cælo particula quinta proba­<lb/>uerit: omnia corpora naturalia propria quadam vi natu­<lb/>rali de loco ad locum moueri; idque propterea, quod natura,<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/125.jpg" pagenum="105"/><emph type="italics"/>ex qua conflantur, naturale motus principium in eis exi&longs;tat.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Huic re&longs;pondendum cen&longs;emus horum naturalium corpo­<lb/>rum duobus modis naturales motus con&longs;iderari po&longs;&longs;e: &longs;emel <lb/>ratione naturalis propen&longs;ionis eorumdem, quæ naturalis pro­<lb/>pen&longs;io grauium, & leuium naturalem formam immediatè <lb/>con&longs;equitur; huius naturalis inclinationis ratione vtrorumque <lb/>motus e&longs;t naturalis: Grauitas enim, & leuitas, vt & qualita­<lb/>tes elementorum primæ non &longs;unt formæ, & non &longs;unt princi­<lb/>pia intrin&longs;eca elementorum prima; ideo non &longs;unt propriæ, ac <lb/>veræ elementorum naturæ ex Phy&longs;icorum libro &longs;ecundo. </s> <s>Sed <lb/>quoniam grauitas, & leuit as elementorum naturas nece&longs;&longs;ariò <lb/>con&longs;equuntur, in elementis &longs;ecundum naturam ine&longs;&longs;e optimo <lb/>iure dicuntur: quemadmodum etiam motus, qui ex ip&longs;is pri­<lb/>mis atque immeditatis elementorum principiis <expan abbr="manãt">manant</expan>, &longs;ecun­<lb/>dum naturam in&longs;unt in elementis: ignis enim &longs;ecundum na­<lb/>turam leuis e&longs;t; ideoque &longs;ecundum naturam &longs;ur&longs;um euolat; <lb/>At grauem è contrario &longs;ecundum naturam terram e&longs;&longs;e co­<lb/>gno&longs;cimus, item que pari modo ad centrum tendere iuxta na­<lb/>turam non dubitamus.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Motus ergo grauium, & leuium corporum &longs;implicium, ex <lb/>grauitate, ac leuitate na&longs;centes, grauibus, & leuibus, &longs;ecun­<lb/>dum naturam in&longs;unt grauitatis, & leuitatis ratione, quæ licet<lb/>propriæ, & veræ naturæ non &longs;int, elementorum tamen natu­<lb/>ras nece&longs;&longs;ariò con&longs;equuntur: etenim &longs;æpenumero, cum rerum <lb/>naturæ propriis nominibus careant, vtimur in eis explicandis, <lb/>vocabulis accidentium; quæ notiora &longs;icuti &longs;unt, & no&longs;tris &longs;en <lb/>&longs;ibus magis familiaria: à quibus intellectus cognitionem oriri <lb/>deprehendimus, & hac ratione motus hic, qui ex grauitate, et <lb/>leuitate profici&longs;citur, naturalis dicitur: non quod grauitas, <lb/>& leuitas &longs;int corporum grauium, & leuium formæ, ac na-<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/126.jpg" pagenum="106"/><emph type="italics"/>turæ, &longs;ed quod accidentia &longs;int, quæ ad eorum naturas, quam <lb/>proximè accedunt: & quæ ex ip&longs;ismet grauium, & leuium <lb/>naturalibus formis, ac propriis manant, non &longs;ecus at que <lb/>ex propriis fontibus: his enim qualitatibus vtimur: quia pro­<lb/>priis elementorum naturis à maioribus nostris non fuerunt <lb/>impo&longs;ita nomina; quod peripateticæ veritati con&longs;entaneum <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e, aduer&longs;us ineruditos quo&longs;dam Aristotelis interpretes, <lb/>quæ potuimus efficacia alibi demonstrauimus: Secundo qui­<lb/>dem motus hic pote&longs;t con&longs;iderari ratione, qua elementa pro­<lb/>priis in locis stant immota, nec ni&longs;i violentiam pa&longs;&longs;a, extra <lb/>proprium locum &longs;i &longs;int extru&longs;a, aut extra eumdem genita mo<lb/>ueri po&longs;&longs;unt: non nihil adhuc con&longs;eruant contrariæ illius, aç <lb/>pugnantis naturæ, ex qua ortum repetierunt: ratione huius <lb/>violentiæ nullius elementi naturalis, &longs;ed violentus e&longs;t motus. <lb/></s> <s>Grauia enim elementa deor&longs;um, &longs;ur&longs;um leuia, ni&longs;i aut <expan abbr="primã">primam</expan>, <lb/>aut &longs;ecundam violentiam pa&longs;&longs;a fuerint, non promouentur. <lb/></s> <s>Propter hanc ergo violentiam elementorum motus violenti no <lb/>mine nuncupari po&longs;&longs;e, omnes ferè con&longs;en&longs;erunt. </s> <s>At ratione <lb/>naturalis propen&longs;ionis non violentus est &longs;ed naturalis elemen­<lb/>torum quou&longs; que de que concitantur, quodintelligere licet, tum <lb/>ex Ari&longs;totele, at que Simplicio libro quarto de cælo particula <lb/>vige&longs;ima&longs;exta, & trige&longs;imaprima, tum ex Auerroe octauo <lb/>Phy&longs;icorum commentatione quarta.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>An elementorum motus &longs;it naturalis propter principium <lb/>patiendi, an verò propter principium agenditantum, an pro­<lb/>pter vtrum que &longs;imul, infra (Deo dante) videbimus.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>De hac prima <expan abbr="&longs;ecũdæ">&longs;ecundæ</expan> partis particula hæc dicta &longs;at &longs;unto, <lb/>nunc ad &longs;e cundam eiu&longs;dem particulam, eadem methodo ab&longs;ol <lb/>uendam, tran&longs;eundum.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><pb xlink:href="011/01/127.jpg" pagenum="107"/><p type="head"> <s>Secunda particula &longs;ecundæ particulæ, &longs;ecundæ <lb/>partis, & e&longs;t prima propo&longs;itio, qua quæ&longs;tio <lb/>nis exitus explicatur. </s> <s>Cap. XX.<!-- KEEP S--></s> </p><p type="main"> <s>E<emph type="italics"/>x his, quæ hactenus annotata fuerunt Peripateticum <lb/>totius propo&longs;itæ di&longs;qui&longs;itionis exitum explicare licet, qui <lb/>in compluribus propo&longs;itionibus con&longs;i&longs;tit, quarum &longs;ingulæ <lb/>&longs;uo loco &longs;cribentur: omnium primailla est.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Corpora &longs;implicia grauia, & leuia, non per &longs;e, &longs;ed per acci <lb/>dens, non immediatè, &longs;ed mediatè &longs;ecundum eam facultatem, <lb/>quæ e&longs;&longs;entialis nuncupatur, agenerante mouentur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Quoniam rectus elementorum motus non aliam ob cau­<lb/>&longs;am, quam propter grauitatem, & leuitatem elementorum <lb/>ine&longs;t corporibus, vt infra demon&longs;trabimus: de grauitate au­<lb/>tem, & leuitate Ari&longs;toteles non &longs;olum octauo phy&longs;icorum, <lb/>&longs;ed & quarto libro de cælo copio&longs;ius, & accuratius di&longs;putan­<lb/>dum duxit; ideo ex vtrisque locis, &longs;ed ex quarto de cælo magis <lb/>germanam Aristotelis &longs;ententiam eruere conabimur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Idergo, quod hoc primo loco diximus, textatus est Ari&longs;to <lb/>teles octauo Phy&longs;icorum particula trige&longs;imaprima, & trige&longs;i <lb/>ma&longs;ecunda, & quarto cæli, particula vige&longs;imaquarta, & <lb/>Auerroes tertio cæli, commentatione vige&longs;imaoctaua, id que <lb/>hoc argumento confirmatur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Ab agente à quo forma præstatur, alia omnia liberalissi <lb/>mè præstantur, quæ formam nece&longs;&longs;ariò con&longs;equuntur: at que <lb/>quod gignit elementum, formam præstat elemento: ergo quod <lb/>gignit elementum, elemento ea omnia liberalissimè præstat, <lb/>quæ elementi formam nece&longs;&longs;ariò con&longs;equuntur: ergo quod ele <lb/>mentum generat, præ&longs;tat motum elemento: illudque per ac-<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/128.jpg" pagenum="108"/><emph type="italics"/>cidens hac ratione mouet.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Vt videamus quomodo elementum ex loco ad locum à ge­<lb/>nerante moueatur: animaduertendum e&longs;t, materiam <expan abbr="primã">primam</expan> <lb/>non moueri propriè, perindeac forma propriè non mouet: &longs;ed <lb/>quod propriè mouet, & quod propriè mouetur, illud est, quod <lb/>est ex vtri&longs;que concretum: vt ecce manus, quæ &longs;ola &longs;ine cala­<lb/>mo, & ecce calamus, qui &longs;olus &longs;ine manu, non &longs;cribit: &longs;ed quod <lb/>propriè &longs;cribit, illud e&longs;t, quod tum ex manu, tum ex calamo <lb/>coaugmentatur, & ecce &longs;erra, quæ &longs;ine &longs;ectore non &longs;ecat: ecce <lb/>&longs;ectator, qui &longs;olus &longs;ine &longs;erra non &longs;ecat; &longs;ed quod propriè &longs;ecat, <lb/>e&longs;t &longs;ectator, qui &longs;erra &longs;ecat; &longs;icut &longs;criptor calamo &longs;cribit. <lb/></s> <s>Actiones en m, & perpessiones &longs;unt &longs;uppo&longs;itorum, id e&longs;t <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> <lb/>&longs;ingularum, vt notum est ex his, quæ Aristoteles memoriæ <lb/>prodidit in prologo libri primi Diuinorum. <!-- KEEP S--></s> <s>Principium <expan abbr="tam&etilde;">tamen</expan>, <lb/>quo totum patitur, atque mouetur, & remotum motus natu­<lb/>ralis elementorum e&longs;t eorumdem materia prima: principium, <lb/>quo patiuntur, ac mouentur proximum, e&longs;t hæc materia &longs;ub <lb/>hac forma huius elementi. </s> <s>Porrò principium quo agunt, ac <lb/>mouent remotum tamen, e&longs;t forma huius materiæ in hoc ele­<lb/>mento. </s> <s>Totum ergo elementum illud est, quod mouet per <lb/><expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, tamquam per principium, quo mouet, & totum ele­<lb/>mentum, quod mouetur per materiam, tanquam per princi­<lb/>pium, quo mouetur: forma enim hac ratione vim habet, vt mo<lb/>ueat, & nullo alio modo.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Formam, & materiam propriè non moueri probatur, <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> <lb/>adid quod propriè moueri debet <expan abbr="quinq.">quinque</expan> inter&longs;unt: cau&longs;a, quæ <lb/>vim mouendi habet, materia, quæ motum à mouente factum <lb/>accipit, &longs;p acium, per quod mobile mouetur, & alter locus, à <lb/>quo, & alter, ad quem mobile tendat: quod &longs;i formam, & ma <lb/>teriam etiamip&longs;am moueri oporteat, nimirum i&longs;thæc quin-<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/129.jpg" pagenum="109"/><emph type="italics"/>que genera adhibenda &longs;unt: forma igitur, & materia noua <expan abbr="cõ">com</expan> <lb/>paranda e&longs;t ad mouendam formam, & materiam <expan abbr="antiquã">antiquam</expan>; <lb/>ni&longs;i eadem forma, eademque materia &longs;e ip&longs;am moueat, quod <lb/>e&longs;t non minus ab&longs;urdum, quam fal&longs;um, ac naturali axiomati <lb/>aduer&longs;atur, in quod omnes Philo&longs;ophi con&longs;en&longs;erunt: Nihil <lb/>idem, præ&longs;ertim &longs;implex, vt est forma, & materia, &longs;e ip&longs;um <lb/>mouere po&longs;&longs;e: His adde, quod materia est &longs;ola, nuda, &longs;implex <lb/>que facultas, ideo moueri nequit; cum actu &longs;it oporteat, quod <lb/>mouetur: &longs;i formam, & materiam nouam, à quibus antiqua <lb/>forma, & materia moueatur, <expan abbr="cõparauerimus">comparauerimus</expan>: formæ & ma <lb/>teriæ, primo loco inuentæ, primæ non erunt, cum his aliæ &longs;int <lb/>inuentæ priores. </s> <s>At formæ, & materiæ nuper inuentæ nu&longs;­<lb/>quam erunt, & numquam mouebuntur; ni&longs;i & ip&longs;is &longs;upe­<lb/>rior aliqua forma, & materia eiu&longs;dem ordinis inueniatur, à <lb/>quibus moueantur, & &longs;int, nec vllius erit a&longs;cendendi &longs;tatus: <lb/>itaque nullum (quantum video) mouendi modum faciemus; <lb/>&longs;ed innumerabilis quædam &longs;eries formarum, quæ moueant, <lb/>& materierum, quæ moueantur, connectenda erit: at natu­<lb/>ra infinitatem i&longs;tam cau&longs;arum non amat; quia vbi infinitæ <lb/>&longs;unt cau&longs;æ, quæ moueant, infinita &longs;unt, quæ moueantur ibi <lb/>nulla est prima cau&longs;a, quæ tantum moueat, & non mouea­<lb/>tur; & nulla e&longs;t vltima materia, quæ tantum moueatur, & <lb/>non moueat: vbi nullum e&longs;t primum, quod moueat, & <expan abbr="nullũ">nullum</expan> <lb/>vltimum, quod moueatur, ibi nulla &longs;unt media, quæ <expan abbr="moueã">moueam</expan>, <lb/>& moueantur: & vbi in mouentibus, & motis nullum e&longs;t <lb/>primum, nullum po&longs;tremum, <expan abbr="nullumq.">nullumque</expan> medium, nihil omnino <lb/>mouet, & nihil omnino mouetur: quod &longs;en&longs;ui aduer&longs;atur, &c. <lb/></s> <s>Hanc argumentandi methodum probatam fui&longs;&longs;e ab Aristo <lb/>tele libro &longs;ecundo Diuinorum qui&longs;que nouit: ex his elici po&longs;&longs;e <lb/>procomp erto habere debemus, tenendam e&longs;&longs;e firmam &longs;enten-<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/130.jpg" pagenum="110"/><emph type="italics"/>tiam illam no&longs;tram, formæ itemque materiæ nullam motio­<lb/>nem e&longs;&longs;e propriam, &longs;edtotius concreti: & formam tantum <lb/>mouere, vt principium; cuius munere fit, vt totum moueat, & <lb/>materiam moueri vt principium; quo fit, vt totum moueatur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Materia ergo prima &longs;ub elementi forma &longs;ecundum eam <lb/>naturam mouetur, quam e&longs;&longs;entiam vocant: id e&longs;t, quatenus <lb/>e&longs;t &longs;ub forma contrarij elementi; & ad alterius elementi con <lb/>trarij formam, vim, & naturam propriam, quam e&longs;&longs;entiam <lb/>nuncupandam e&longs;&longs;e volunt, tendit: dum elementum contra­<lb/>rium in contrarium elementum conuertitur: vt materia, &longs;ub <lb/>forma terræ, facultatem e&longs;&longs;entialem nuncupatam habet, ad <lb/>motum &longs;ur&longs;um: quia terra in ignem conuerti pote&longs;t, <expan abbr="generãs">generans</expan> <lb/>tamen ignem ex terra, quod terræ dat motum &longs;ur&longs;um, hunc <lb/>motum generando non attingit, & nullo modo illum immedia <lb/>tè producit: &longs;ed generando &longs;olam elementorum formam tan­<lb/>git, itaque motus à generante immediatè non na&longs;citur, &longs;ed à <lb/>forma generans: ergo elementum aut grauis, aut leuis ele­<lb/>menti formam generat, dum aut graue, aut leue elementum <lb/>gignit: hæc postea forma à generante nuper genita, motum <lb/>immediatè producit, qui à generante producitur mediante ta <lb/>men forma elementi producta, hæc motum immediatè facit.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Qua ratione intelligendum reor illud Auerrois libro octa <lb/>uo Phy&longs;icorum commentatione trige&longs;ima&longs;ecunda, dum dixit. <lb/></s> <s>Agens dans formam dat con&longs;equentia formam: qua de re <lb/>quam optimè &longs;crip&longs;it Simplicius libro octauo Phy&longs;icorum par <lb/>ticula trige&longs;imatertia.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Hæc est generatio per accidens, quia per formam (&longs;ed lon <lb/>gèverius) per aliud, quam per accidens, diceretur, & propter <lb/>eamdem cau&longs;am, non immediata, &longs;ed mediata generatio dici <lb/>tur: quia mediante genita forma motus i&longs;te ab illo generante<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/131.jpg" pagenum="111"/><emph type="italics"/>gignitur, quod formam genuit.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Secundo idem probatur demon&longs;tratione Ari&longs;totelis libro <lb/>quarto de cælo particula duodeuige&longs;ima; hæc vt facilius intel­<lb/>ligatur, ex Ari&longs;totele eodem loco notandum, Tres e&longs;&longs;e muta­<lb/>tionum &longs;pecies, quæ nunc alicui v&longs;ui nobis e&longs;&longs;e po&longs;&longs;unt: <expan abbr="quartã">quartam</expan> <lb/>prudens Ari&longs;toteles eo loco præteriit; quippe cum nullus tunc <lb/>illius v&longs;us futurus &longs;it: omnes quatuor motionum &longs;pecies nos <lb/>paucis expediemus, ne aliquid intactum reliqui&longs;&longs;e videamur. <lb/></s> <s>Una ergo motionum &longs;pecies ad &longs;ub&longs;tantiam pertinet: altera <lb/>quantitatis e&longs;t: tertia in qualitate ver&longs;atur: quarta omnia <lb/>locorum &longs;pacia comprehendit. </s> <s>Primam &longs;peciem con&longs;tituit ge­<lb/>neratio &longs;implex, atque interitus: &longs;ecundam accretio, & dimi <lb/>nutio: tertiam alteratio: quartam latio. </s> <s>Mutatio omnis aut <lb/>ex oppo&longs;itis certè, aut ex naturis mediis efficitur: pro eo quod <lb/>in &longs;e&longs;e vim contrariam habent, vt in &longs;ubstantia forma est, & <lb/>priuatio: in quantitate magnitudo, & paruitas: in qualitate <lb/>albedo, & nigredo: & quicquid aliud, ad tertium qualitatis <lb/>or dinem fertur: quartæ verò &longs;peciei erunt loca &longs;upera, & in­<lb/>fera, & quæ ad dexteram, & &longs;ini&longs;tram, ante, & pænè iacent. <lb/></s> <s>In omnibus his fieri mutationem ex contrariis in contraria, <lb/>vel ex mediis in ea, quæ interiecta &longs;unt media, videmus: nul­<lb/>lus enim exhis motibus temerè fit, aut fortuito, vt quælibet res <lb/>in quamlibet mutetur. </s> <s>Eodem modo quodmouet <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> quicquid <lb/>contigerit, mouet, &longs;edrem definitam: hic enim ordo à natura <lb/>&longs;eruatur: vt quod mutatur, non in quolibet temerè, nec à <lb/>quolibet fortuito, mutetur: &longs;ed definitum, quod definito mo­<lb/>tus &longs;ubiicitur à definito agente in terminum ac finem <expan abbr="definitũ">definitum</expan>, <lb/>ab&longs;olutamque perfectionem, & formam mutatur, quacum­<lb/>que motus &longs;pecie mutetur: quæ omnia efficaci argumentorum <lb/>robore confirmata &longs;unt ab Ari&longs;totele compluribus in locis:<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/132.jpg" pagenum="112"/><emph type="italics"/>&longs;ed potissimum libro primo Phy&longs;icorum. <!-- KEEP S--></s> <s>Ideo quod ad locum <lb/>mouet: non quicquid contigerit mouet; &longs;ed definitum mobi­<lb/>le:nec mobile definitum pote&longs;t a quolibet mouente moueri, &longs;ed <lb/>à statuto, ac definito motore: non à quolibet loco, vt à motus <lb/>primo principio in quemlibet locum vt in vltimum finem: nec <lb/>per quodlibet medium, &longs;ed à determinato principio, per defi­<lb/>nitum medium in finem &longs;tatutum. </s> <s>Itaque id &longs;olum &longs;ur&longs;um <lb/>mouet &longs;emper, quod inducendæ leuitatis à natura vim ha­<lb/>bet: id perpetuo deor&longs;um agit; quod efficiendæ grauitatis fa <lb/>cultatem nactum est à natura: & quicquid mobile est, non <lb/>dubium e&longs;t, quin idem &longs;it facultate velgraue, velleue, nec <lb/>ambigendum, quin in proprium, natur alemque locum ferri, <lb/>&longs;it in propriam &longs;peciem formam, ac perfectionem ferri: vt <lb/>infra (Deo dante) videbimus. </s> <s>Quibus po&longs;itis argumentum <lb/>in eam formam redigimus, in quam à Simplicio Philo&longs;opho <lb/>certè grauissimo redigitur:<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Si generans (ait Simplicius) leuitatem, & grauitatem <lb/>efficiens, non quodlibet &longs;ed definitum non temerè agit in quod <lb/>libet, &longs;ed in &longs;ubiectum determinatum, nec in quamlibet lo­<lb/>ci perfectionem, nec per quodlibet medium, &longs;ed per medium <lb/>&longs;tatutum elementum nuper genitum temerè ducit, &longs;edinlo­<lb/>ci perfectionem definitam elementa à generante mouentur: <lb/>&longs;ed agens definitum in &longs;ubiectum agit definitum ad &longs;tatutam <lb/>definit amque lociperfectionem, & per medium determina­<lb/>tum elementum mox genitum ducit. </s> <s>Ergo elementum geni­<lb/>tum à generante mouetur: idque &longs;ecundum eam facultatem, <lb/>quæ e&longs;&longs;entialis nuncupatur, quod erat probandum.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><pb xlink:href="011/01/133.jpg" pagenum="113"/><p type="head"> <s>Quomodo elementa ab eomoueantur, quod <lb/>impedimentum remouet, & e&longs;t <lb/>&longs;ecunda propo&longs;itio. <lb/></s> <s>Cap. XXI.<!-- KEEP S--></s> </p><p type="main"> <s>ELEMENTA <emph type="italics"/>&longs;ecundum facultatem accidentalem <lb/>nuncupatam à remouente motus impedimentum per <lb/>accidens tamen mouentur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Idtum Ari&longs;totelis te&longs;timonio, tum ratione probatur: Ari <lb/>&longs;totelis quidem te&longs;timonio octauo Phy&longs;icorum particula trige­<lb/>&longs;ima&longs;ecunda, & quarto libro de cælo particula vige&longs;ima­<lb/>quinta, ratione autem ex ei&longs;dem locis petita, & hæc est. <lb/></s> <s>Eam proportionis rationem habet, qui ab elemento impedi­<lb/>mentum aufert; quam habet, qui murum pila percutiat, at­<lb/>que ip&longs;a re&longs;iliat: & quam habet, qui ab vtre lapidem amo­<lb/>uet, à quo lapide vter in maris profundo tenebatur: & quam <lb/>habet, qui columnam &longs;ubtrahit, cui ædificij moles <expan abbr="innitebãtur">innitebantur</expan>. <lb/></s> <s>At qui murum pila percutiat, à quo repellatur, e&longs;t cau&longs;a mo<lb/>tus repul&longs;ionis per accidens: amouens lapidem ab vtre est <lb/>cau&longs;a per accidens, quam obrem vter &longs;ur&longs;um a&longs;cendat; & co <lb/>lumnam &longs;ubtrahens, e&longs;t cau&longs;a per accidens, quòd ædificij mo <lb/>les corruant. </s> <s>Ergo in motu elementorum, quod impedimen­<lb/>tum aufert, e&longs;t cau&longs;a per accidens motus eorumdem. </s> <s>Abom <lb/>nibus ferè expo&longs;itoribus, &longs;eu Græci, &longs;eu Arabes, &longs;eu Lati­<lb/>ni fuerint, locus istæhoc modo exponitur; quibus nos rationi <lb/>fauentes accedimus.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><pb xlink:href="011/01/134.jpg" pagenum="114"/><p type="head"> <s>Elementorum locus elementa mouet: & e&longs;t tertia <lb/>propo&longs;itio. </s> <s>Caput XXII.<!-- KEEP S--></s></p><p type="main"> <s>LOCVS <emph type="italics"/>elementorum proprius eadem mouet, vt for­<lb/>ma, vt finis, vtque perfectio eorumdem. </s> <s>Hoc te&longs;tatus <lb/>e&longs;t Ari&longs;toteles hbro quarto de cælo particula vige&longs;ima <lb/>quinta. </s> <s>Placet autem totum locum parafra&longs;ticè prius addu­<lb/>cere, explanationemque Simplicij afferre: vt ex Ari&longs;totelea <lb/><expan abbr="verborũ">verborum</expan> structura de Simplicij &longs;ententia veritas facilius erua <lb/>tur. </s> <s>Ait ergo Ari&longs;toteles.<emph.end type="italics"/><!-- KEEP S--></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Cum ex aqua fit a er, vel omnino cumex aliquo corpore <lb/>graui fit leue, tunc &longs;uperiorem locum petit: &longs;ed po&longs;tquam for­<lb/>mam &longs;uam acceperit, & perfectè leue factum fuerit, tunc <lb/>leue amplius leue non fit, &longs;edin &longs;uperiori loco quie&longs;cit: itaque <lb/>per&longs;picuum est, id quod facultate leue est, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> ad actum erum <lb/>pit in &longs;uperiorem locum ferri; quo cum peruenerit iam actu <lb/>perfectum e&longs;t: atque hoc idem etiam in reliquis motibus ac­<lb/>cidit: vt in iis, qui in qualitate, vel <expan abbr="quãtitate">quantitate</expan> fiunt: quod enim <lb/>facultate tale e&longs;t; aut totum per qualitatis, aut quantitatis <lb/>mutationem fit actu ip&longs;o tale, aut <expan abbr="tantũ">tantum</expan>. </s> <s>In his quæ iam actu <lb/>&longs;unt, vt ignis, & terra, eadem cau&longs;a est, ut nullo prohibente, <lb/>in &longs;uum locum illico ferantur; &longs;iue in alieno loco violentia con <lb/>tineantur; &longs;iue ibi generentur, &longs;ublato impedimento in pro­<lb/>prium locum natur alem à natura feruntur; quamuis <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> actu <lb/>&longs;int: tamen &longs;i illis in alieno loco, contra <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> concludi, quo <lb/>vis modo accidat, quodammodo imperfecta videntur: habent <lb/>enim in &longs;e facultatem; qua ad proprium locum, ad <expan abbr="propriã">propriam</expan>, <lb/>atque perfectam formam rapiantur: quemadmodum in ci­<lb/>bo, & potu accidere videmus: & in eo corpore quod ad &longs;ani-<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/135.jpg" pagenum="115"/><emph type="italics"/>tatem recuperandam affectum est: quam primum enim im <lb/>pedimentum tollitur, nulla mora e&longs;t quin & cibus in corporis <lb/>animati &longs;ub&longs;tantiam conuertatur, & quod œgrum est valetu <lb/>dinem &longs;uam con&longs;equatur. </s> <s>Itaque loco cientur, &longs;iue iam actu <lb/>&longs;int, & extra locum &longs;uum alicubi <expan abbr="detineãtur">detineantur</expan>, &longs;iue ex facul­<lb/>tate ad actum erumpant, &longs;inihil impediat, locum &longs;uum sta­<lb/>tim petunt, quo &longs;imul ac peruenerint, perfectam &longs;uam for­<lb/>mam acquirunt: atquc idcirco ibi quie&longs;cunt.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Hæc (vt reor) Aristotelis germana &longs;ententia est, à quæ <lb/>Simplicius recedere non <expan abbr="vid&etilde;tur">videntur</expan>, qui hoc totum de elementis, <lb/>quæ extra proprium, & naturalem locum adhuc &longs;unt imper <lb/>fecta, intelligendum putat; quæ nullam integram perfectio­<lb/>nem prius nanci&longs;cuntur, quam ad proprium, ac naturalem le <lb/><expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> peruenerint: duobus enim modis (vt &longs;æpe memorauimus) <lb/>corpora &longs;implicia grauia, & leuia, extra proprium locum exi <lb/>stere contingit: vel quia extra eumdem genita, vel quia vio­<lb/>lentiam pa&longs;&longs;a, & foras extru&longs;a, eò impul&longs;a feruntur: vtroque <lb/>modo adhuc imperfecta perfectionem in proprio loco quæ­<lb/>runt; quam tum demum <expan abbr="inueni&etilde;t">inuenient</expan>; cum adillum peruenerint: <lb/>nam elementum, quod &longs;upernatare debet, &longs;i &longs;ub&longs;ideat; præter <lb/>naturam &longs;ub&longs;ideat oportet: & quod &longs;ic e&longs;t à natura compa­<lb/>ratum, vt in centro quie&longs;cat; &longs;i &longs;upernatet præter naturam, <lb/>& tunc aliqua ex parte di&longs;ponitur; habetque nonnibil imper <lb/>fectæ facultatis: & adid pro viribus moueri conabitur, quod <lb/>ei actum vndique perfectum præ&longs;tat; & illud omni ex parte <lb/>æb&longs;oluit: hic est locus proprius; qui vt finis vt forma, vtque ele <lb/>mentorum ab&longs;oluta perfectio elementa mouet.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Mouet etiam elementorum locus elementa, vt forma: quo <lb/>niam locus nihil est aliud, quam corporis illtus <expan abbr="extremũ">extremum</expan>, quod <lb/>corpus illud complectitur; quod intra continentis vi&longs;cera cohi-<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/136.jpg" pagenum="116"/><emph type="italics"/>betur: vt Ari&longs;toteles literis con&longs;ignauit libro quarto de Phy­<lb/>&longs;ico auditu particula quadrage&longs;ima, et quadrage&longs;imaprima. <lb/></s> <s>Ideo quicquid in proprium locum fertur, id omne ad ambien­<lb/>tis corporis extremum mouetur: at verò quod ambit, & quod <lb/>&longs;uo complexu continet, quodammodo forma, atque &longs;pecies il­<lb/>lius est; quod continetur: itaque quod in proprium locum fer­<lb/>tur, in propriam formam ferri non ab&longs;urdè videtur. </s> <s>Quæcum <lb/>que igitur vel &longs;ur&longs;um naturæ impetu feruntur, vel deor&longs;um <lb/>aguntur, eaomnia tamquam ad formam, ac perfectionem <lb/>&longs;uam accedere conantur. </s> <s>Eam obrem &longs;i quis roget: cur ignis <lb/>&longs;uperiorem illum locum, qui &longs;ub luna e&longs;t, &longs;emper petat: terra <lb/>verò in inferiorem orbis plagam &longs;emper de&longs;cendat: huic Ari <lb/>&longs;toteles <expan abbr="re&longs;põdebit">re&longs;pondebit</expan>. </s> <s>Quia &longs;ic ànatura comparatum e&longs;t, vt leuia <lb/>proprio nixu &longs;ur&longs;um ferantur, & grauia &longs;uopte pondere deor <lb/>&longs;um concitentur; vt ad propriam, ac naturalem formam, fi­<lb/>nem, ac perfectionem; ad quam naturaliter inclinantur: ita <lb/>vt tria in quolibet elementorum motu con&longs;iderentur. </s> <s>Primo <lb/>elementa mouentur: quia &longs;ic comparata &longs;unt à natura, vt mo­<lb/>ueantur. </s> <s>Secundo quia loca, ad quæ elementa tendunt, &longs;unt <lb/>eorumdem perfectiones. </s> <s>Tertio quia elementa facultatem <lb/>habent, ad propria loca eundi.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Auerroes celeberrimi nominis, & grauissimæ auctorita­<lb/>tis Philo&longs;ophus ex Ari&longs;totele syllogi&longs;mum artificiosè colligit, <lb/>quem & nos eadem methodo colligere conabimur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Omnis motus à contrario in contrarium est finis, forma, <lb/>& perfectio illius, quod mouetur: omnis elementorum latio de <lb/>loco ad locum e&longs;t motus à contrario in <expan abbr="contrariũ">contrarium</expan>. </s> <s>Ergo omnis <lb/><expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> latio de loco ad locum e&longs;t finis, forma, & perfectio <lb/>eorumdem. </s> <s>Ergolocus element a mouet; vt finis, vt forma, & <lb/>vt eorumdem perfectio: quod probandum &longs;u&longs;cepimus.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><pb xlink:href="011/01/137.jpg" pagenum="117"/><p type="head"> <s>Quæ Themi&longs;tius contra Ari&longs;totelem. <lb/><!-- KEEP S--></s> <s>Cap. XXIII.<!-- KEEP S--></s> </p><p type="main"> <s>ARISTOTELEM <emph type="italics"/>acerrimè vrget Themistius eo in <lb/>loco, vbi dictum e&longs;t. </s> <s>Sic comparatum e&longs;&longs;e à natura, vt <lb/>leuia &longs;uopte nixu &longs;ur&longs;um; & grauia propria energia <lb/>deor&longs;um ferantur, vt ad proprium, ac naturalem finem, for­<lb/>mam, & perfectionem. </s> <s>Dicere enim (ait Themi&longs;tius) gra­<lb/>uia deor&longs;um, & leuia &longs;ur&longs;um concitari: quia &longs;it comparata <lb/>&longs;unt à natura, vt ad proprium locum accedant, qui e&longs;t eorum <lb/>dem perfectio, forma, & finis, nihil est dicere, perindeac &longs;i <lb/>quis cau&longs;am percontaretur, quam obrem, qui mala valetudi <lb/>ne laborant, &longs;anitati restituantur, & re&longs;pondentem audiret: <lb/>quia &longs;ic e&longs;t in&longs;itum à natura; vt qui aliquando male <expan abbr="valeãt">valeant</expan>, <lb/>bene etiam aliquando valere dicantur, cum &longs;int facultate &longs;a­<lb/>ni, quorum finis, forma, & perfectio e&longs;t &longs;anitas: hic inquam <lb/>nihil audiret; quod interrogantis mentem, it a componeret, vt <lb/>nihil amplius quæreret: hæc enim pro cau&longs;a reddita, non est <lb/>cau&longs;a. </s> <s>Fallax itaque e&longs;t cau&longs;a, quam Ari&longs;toteles reddidit: <lb/>& in fallaciam <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> cau&longs;æpro cau&longs;a impegit; & captio&longs;um e&longs;t <lb/>illius argumentum.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head"> <s>Quæ Auerroes contra Themi&longs;tium. <lb/></s> <s>Cap. XXIIII.<!-- KEEP S--></s> </p><p type="main"> <s>AVERROES, <emph type="italics"/>qui Aristotelem indefen&longs;um num­<lb/>quam relinquit, argumentorum Themistij exitum <lb/>quàm accuratissimè explicat: de cuius &longs;ententia duo <lb/>ponenda e&longs;&longs;e duximus, quorum alterum illud e&longs;t.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><pb xlink:href="011/01/138.jpg" pagenum="118"/><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Quæ &longs;ub cæle&longs;ti globo exi&longs;iunt corpora, &longs;unt duorum gene <lb/>rum: quædam &longs;unt &longs;implicia; vt quatuor elementa, quæ &longs;unt <lb/>ignis, aer, aqua, & terra: quædam, quæ ex &longs;implicium mi­<lb/>xtione con&longs;lantur: vt mineralia, fructices, & animalia, quæ <lb/>& ip&longs;a vnius generis non &longs;unt, &longs;ed multorum: vt notum est <lb/>omnibus vel parum etiam in Philo&longs;ophia exercitatis.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/><expan abbr="Alterũ">Alterum</expan> quod de &longs;ententia eiu&longs;dem Auerrois ponitur, e&longs;t. <lb/></s> <s>Corpora & cætera omnia, quæ &longs;ub cælo &longs;unt, vel vnam <expan abbr="taniũ">tanium</expan>, <lb/>in vno genere cau&longs;æ, cau&longs;am habent, id e&longs;t: vel vnam tantum <lb/>formam, vel vnam tantum materiam, vel vnum tantum effi­<lb/>ciens, vel vnum tantum finem, vel plures cau&longs;as nacta &longs;unt <lb/>eiu&longs;dem ordinis: id e&longs;t plures efficientes cau&longs;as: vt &longs;ol, & ho­<lb/>mo, hominem gignit ex libro &longs;ecundo Phy&longs;icorum, vel plu­<lb/>res materias: vt homo ex elementis, humoribus, carnibus, <lb/>ossibus, & neruis conflatur, & &longs;ic de cæteris cau&longs;arum gene­<lb/>ribus.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>His con&longs;titutis re&longs;pondet Auerroes, & dicit. </s> <s>Corpora mi <lb/>xta plures cau&longs;as eiu&longs;dem ordinis habere po&longs;&longs;unt: vt <expan abbr="hominũ">hominum</expan> <lb/>&longs;anit as à medico à medicamento, ab exercitatione, à natura, <lb/>à victus ratione, & à multis aliis cau&longs;is efficientibus fieri po­<lb/>test: eam ob rem &longs;i mixta à quopiam in di&longs;qui&longs;itionem accer <lb/>&longs;ita fuerint: per &longs;implicem illam re&longs;pon&longs;ionem, interroganti <lb/>non &longs;atisfit: non enim quærenti quam ob cau&longs;am ægrotantes <lb/>&longs;anitatem recuperant, &longs;atisfieri poterit, ab eo, qui dixerit. <lb/></s> <s>Quoniam &longs;ic comparatum est à natura; vt ægrotantes ali­<lb/>quando &longs;anentur: & quia omnes, qui mala valetudine ten­<lb/>tanrur, &longs;unt facultate &longs;ani; & quia &longs;anitas e&longs;t eorum por­<lb/>fectio; & quia ad illam inclinantur: vt quam optimè dixit <lb/>Themistius. </s> <s>Verum &longs;implicia corpora, quæ grauia &longs;unt, & <lb/>teuia, vnam tantum vnius ordinis cau&longs;am habent, <expan abbr="eãdemque">eandemque</expan><emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/139.jpg" pagenum="119"/><emph type="italics"/>&longs;implicissimam: ideo interroganti quamobrem grauia deor­<lb/>&longs;um de&longs;cendant, & leuia &longs;ur&longs;um a&longs;cendant; optimè &longs;atisfa­<lb/>ctum erit, &longs;i dictum fuerit: quia &longs;ic elementa comparata &longs;unt <lb/>à natura, vt ad &longs;ua propria, ac naturalia loca ferantur: & <lb/>quia loca, ad quæ elementa ferantur, &longs;unt elementorum perfe <lb/>ctiones: & quia elementa facultatem habent, ad propria <lb/>loca eundi: hæc ad materiam.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Adformam argumenti Cum dicitur leuia &longs;ur&longs;um, et græ <lb/>uia deor&longs;um concitantur, quia &longs;ic comparata &longs;unt à natura: <lb/>vt adea loca inclinentur, quæ &longs;unt elementorum fines, formæ, <lb/>& perfectiones: id nihil est dicere, negatur; <expan abbr="Adprobation&etilde;">Adprobationem</expan> <lb/>cum additur. </s> <s>Nihil dicit; qui ægrotum ideo &longs;anari ait; quia <lb/>facultate &longs;anus ad &longs;anitatem inclinatur; & quia &longs;anitas e&longs;t <lb/>illius finis, forma, & perfectio: ita nihil e&longs;t dicere, elementa <lb/>ad propria loca cientur: quia ad ea naturalem inclinationem <lb/>habent; & quia loca &longs;unt eorumdem perfectiones, & c. <!-- KEEP S--></s> <s>&longs;imili­<lb/>tudo negatur: dissimilitudinis ratio e&longs;t, quia &longs;implicia elemen <lb/>torum corpora vnam vnius ordinis, &longs;implicissimam cau&longs;am <lb/>habent: mixta verò plures: ideo cum &longs;implicia in quæ&longs;tio­<lb/>num vocantur, per &longs;implicem illam re&longs;pon&longs;ionem quærenti <lb/>fit &longs;atis: at cum mixta in controuer&longs;iam accita fuerint, alias <lb/>rationes expectant. </s> <s>In fallaciam ergo non cau&longs;æ pro cau&longs;a <lb/>Ari&longs;toteles non impegit; &longs;ed verissimam, ac &longs;implicissimam <lb/>cau&longs;am reddidit, quam præ&longs;ens in&longs;titutum exigit: nec fal­<lb/>lax, &longs;eu Sophi&longs;ticum, aut captio&longs;um e&longs;t Ari&longs;totelis argumen­<lb/>tum, &longs;ed efficacissimum, & arteficio&longs;um.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><pb xlink:href="011/01/140.jpg" pagenum="120"/><p type="head"> <s>Medium &longs;implicia elementorum corpora mouent <lb/>& e&longs;t quarta propo&longs;itio. </s> <s>Cap. XXV.<!-- KEEP S--></s> </p><p type="main"> <s>AMEDIO <emph type="italics"/>elementa moueri tetigit Ari&longs;toteles libro<lb/>tertio de cælo particula vige&longs;imaoctaua; dum dixit. <lb/></s> <s>Aer est in&longs;trumentum motus naturalis, & violenti. <lb/></s> <s><expan abbr="Quemlocũ">Quemlocum</expan> Auerroes Philo&longs;ophus omnilaude maior in Para <lb/>phra&longs;i quam doctissimè intellexit, & <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> diligentissimè expla <lb/>nauit. </s> <s>Ratus est enim Auerroes ab Ari&longs;totele declarari, <lb/>quomodo motus, <expan abbr="tũ">tum</expan> naturalis, <expan abbr="tũ">tum</expan> violentus fiat. </s> <s>Naturalis qui <lb/>dem (inquit) ab aere iuuatur per motus principium, quod <lb/>aer ip&longs;æ à naturali mouente &longs;u&longs;cipit: hæc enim est natura ae­<lb/>ris, vt motum à mouente acceptum per aliquod tempus con&longs;er <lb/>uet, licet mouens ab eo &longs;eiung atur; perindeac &longs;i tunc temporis <lb/>à &longs;emetip&longs;o cieretur: & <expan abbr="quãdo">quando</expan> mobile naturale mouetur per <lb/>principium, quod in ip&longs;o est, ab aere pari ratione iuuatur; ita <lb/>vt mobile motum magis con&longs;eruet, eumque <expan abbr="citatior&etilde;">citatiorem</expan> efficiat; <lb/>quam &longs;i ex &longs;olo &longs;uo principio, atque motore fieret.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Violentus quoque motus interceptum aeris medium amat: <lb/>idque magis apparet, & magis manifestum e&longs;t, quam in mo­<lb/>tu naturali: ni&longs;i enim hæc aeris facultas e&longs;&longs;et, vt motum &longs;u&longs;ci <lb/>peret, & &longs;u&longs;ceptum con&longs;eruaret, quousque &longs;cilicet impetus, <lb/>&longs;eu vigor ille, quem à mobili accipit, euane&longs;cat, fieri <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> po&longs;&longs;et, <lb/>vt motus violentus perduraret, ni&longs;i quam diu mouens ip&longs;um <lb/>mobile tangeret: nunc autem cum &longs;en&longs;us iudicio con&longs;tet, mo­<lb/>bile violentum moueri; etiam tunc cum mobile à mouente di­<lb/>&longs;cessit; rationi con&longs;entaneum e&longs;&longs;e creditur, vt motus violentus <lb/>per medium aerem factus, eiu&longs;dem aeris interceptionem po­<lb/>&longs;tulet: non enim aliunde &longs;agitta po&longs;t &longs;ui &longs;eparationem ab ar-<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/141.jpg" pagenum="121"/><emph type="italics"/>cu, motum peragit ni&longs;i per aerem, qui ab arcus corda motio­<lb/>nem accipit, & &longs;agittæ adest vt motor quie&longs;cente corda quou&longs; <lb/>que motus, quem a corda &longs;u&longs;cepit, di&longs;pereat: idque aeriideo <lb/>accidit; quia leuis e&longs;t, & grauis &longs;imul: in loco ignis e&longs;t grauis, <lb/>in loco terræ, & aquæ est leuis, in &longs;uo proprio, ac naturali lo­<lb/>co nec leuis e&longs;t, nec grauis: & tunc ine&longs;t ei facultas &longs;u&longs;cipien­<lb/>di motionis principium &longs;ur&longs;um, & deor&longs;um: quia omne &longs;u&longs;ci­<lb/>piens debet e&longs;&longs;e denudatum à natura &longs;u&longs;cepti, intus enim exi­<lb/>&longs;tens prohibet, & ob&longs;i&longs;tit: vt dictum e&longs;t ab Aristotele libro <lb/>tertio de anima particula quarta. </s> <s>Idcirco aer organum fit <lb/>motus naturalis, & violenti: naturalis quidem eo quod mo­<lb/>rui naturali patrocinium, facilitatemque mini&longs;trat: violenti <lb/>autem: quia mobili vim, & impetum addit; &longs;i quidem violen <lb/>ter mota &longs;eiunto ab eis motore, motum continuare <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> queant, <lb/>ni&longs;i propter hanc aeris naturam. </s> <s>Eadem est aquæ naturæ, <lb/>ac di&longs;po&longs;itio, quam aeris fui&longs;&longs;e diximus, licet minus virium ha <lb/>beat ad hoc, quam aer: quia est aere crassior eam ob rem mo<lb/>tori magis re&longs;i&longs;tit; & motum &longs;egniorem efficit.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Hæc Auerrois ferè ad verbum: ex quibus elicere po&longs;&longs;u­<lb/>mus; hanc, tum ip&longs;ius Auerrois, cum etiam Ari&longs;totelis ge­<lb/>minam, atque germanam fui&longs;&longs;e &longs;ententiam, qua inuenta, <lb/>probare contendimus elementa &longs;cilicet in medio, & à medio <lb/>certè moueri.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Modus, quo elementa à medio mouentur, explicatus est <lb/>ab Auerroe tertio libro de cælo commentatione vige&longs;imaocta<lb/>ua exemplo nautæ: qui dum nauigium ex arte mouet, &longs;emet <lb/>ip&longs;um etiam cum moto nauigio mouet: ita, vt elementum mo<lb/>uendo medium, moueat &longs;e admotum medy, &longs;icut nauta mo­<lb/>uendo nauem, mouet &longs;e ad motum nauis. </s> <s>Quo locus i&longs;tæ melius <lb/>intelligatur, &longs;ciendum e&longs;t: medium ab impellente pul&longs;um mo<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/142.jpg" pagenum="122"/><emph type="italics"/>ueri per &longs;e à &longs;ua forma naturali, ac propria: moueri etiam ab <lb/>impellente, ante quam impellens à medio amoueatur; po&longs;t <lb/>quam verò impellens ab eo amotum fuerit, medium tunc <lb/>tantum à &longs;ua forma naturali mouetur, & à partibus eiu&longs;­<lb/>dem medy impellentibus alias partes impul&longs;as: & medium <lb/>tunc à primo impellente, quod &longs;eparatum est à medio, non <lb/>mouetur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head"> <s>Corollarium.<!-- KEEP S--></s></p><p type="main"> <s>H<emph type="italics"/>inc tanquam &longs;upra men&longs;uram additum, certè &longs;e­<lb/>quitur, motum medy e&longs;&longs;e citatiorem moturei impel­<lb/>lentis; ratio est: quia medium & ab impellente, & à <lb/>&longs;emetip&longs;o agitur: quo fit, vt medium maiore velocitate conci <lb/>tetur, quam impellens: id quod videre e&longs;t apud Aristotelem, <lb/>& Auerroem, tum quarto libro Phy&longs;icorum particula &longs;exa <lb/>ge&longs;imaoctaua, tum tertio libro de cælo particula vige&longs;ima <lb/>octaua.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head"> <s>Medium motum, & vtile, & nece&longs;&longs;a­<lb/>rium e&longs;&longs;e in motu elementi. <lb/></s> <s>Cap. XXVI.<!-- KEEP S--></s> </p><p type="main"> <s>A<emph type="italics"/>n medium moueat elementum, vtiuuat motum ele­<lb/>menti: an vt nece&longs;&longs;ariò mouens <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan>, docet Auer <lb/>roes libro tertio de cælo: & primo medium iuuat mo­<lb/>tum elementi, quia medium postquam impul&longs;um e&longs;t à &longs;ua <lb/>propria forma naturali, mouetur, & mobile portat, atque <lb/>impellit: qua ratione naturalem elementorum motum per <lb/>idem medium factum, iuuat. </s> <s>Secundo medium e&longs;t nece&longs;&longs;a­<lb/>rium: quoniam &longs;i&longs;p acium inane da etur, perillud elementa<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/143.jpg" pagenum="123"/><emph type="italics"/>non mouerentur, ratio e&longs;t: quia elementa nullam <expan abbr="intrin&longs;ecã">intrin&longs;ecam</expan> <lb/>re&longs;i&longs;tentiam habent, &longs;ed extrin&longs;ecam tantum: quia in par­<lb/>tem actu per &longs;e motam, & in partem actu per &longs;e mouentem <lb/>non diuiduntur; vt animalia, quæ in corpus actu per &longs;emo­<lb/>tum, & in animam actu per &longs;e mouentem diuidi queunt: ve­<lb/>rum elementa propter medium tantum, quod non intrin&longs;ecè, <lb/>&longs;ed extrin&longs;ecè re&longs;i&longs;tit, mouentur: propter quod elementa nul­<lb/>lo motu cieri po&longs;&longs;ent, &longs;i &longs;pacium illud, per quod elementa mo­<lb/>uenda e&longs;&longs;ent, non plenum, &longs;edinane exi&longs;teret: quod Aristote­<lb/>lis ratione probatur libro quarto <expan abbr="Phy&longs;icorũ">Phy&longs;icorum</expan> particula &longs;eptua <lb/>ge&longs;imaprima, dicentis; Qualis e&longs;t proportio &longs;ubtilitatis, & <lb/>crassitudinis medy ad medium, talis est ratio velocitatis, & <lb/>tarditatis in motu. </s> <s>Sedmedy pleni ad medium inane nulla <lb/>e&longs;t &longs;ubtilitatis, & crassitudinis proportio: ergo motus, qui fit <lb/>in pleno, ad motum, qui fit in vacuo, velocitatis, & tarditatis <lb/>nulla erit proportio: Ergo per &longs;pacium inane, &longs;i illud datur, <lb/>quod dari non pote&longs;t, elementorum motus in momento fiet: <lb/>quia inter omnes motus in pleno &longs;pacio factos, e&longs;t aliqua velo­<lb/>citatis, & tarditatis proportio ex maiore, aut minore ea re&longs;i­<lb/>&longs;tentia; quæ aut à &longs;ubtilitate, aut à crassitudine medy na&longs;ci­<lb/>tur: aut à maiore, aut à minore re&longs;i&longs;tentia; quæ inter moto­<lb/>rem, & mobile gignitur. </s> <s>Prior extrin&longs;eca, posterior intrin­<lb/>&longs;eca re&longs;i&longs;tentia nuncupatur. </s> <s>extrin&longs;eca oritur ex medio, In­<lb/>trin&longs;eca ex mobili, quod motorire&longs;istit: vt in animantibus, <lb/>quorum corpora dum ab anima mouentur, animæ mouenti <lb/>re&longs;i&longs;tunt. </s> <s>Vtraque re&longs;i&longs;tentia in elementis de&longs;ider aretur; &longs;i <lb/>&longs;pacium inane daretur: nullo ergo motu elementa cieri po&longs;­<lb/>&longs;unt; ni&longs;i in momento, in quo nihil moueri po&longs;&longs;e Ari&longs;toteles <lb/>efficacissimè demonstrauit libro &longs;exto Phy&longs;icorum particula <lb/>quinquage&longs;ima. </s> <s>Ergo elementa per medium &longs;pacium inane<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/144.jpg" pagenum="124"/><emph type="italics"/>non mouerentur: Ergo medium plenum est omnino nece&longs;&longs;a­<lb/>rium; &longs;ine quo elementa immota manerent.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head"> <s>Quæ Auerroes contra docti&longs;simum Auenpacem <lb/>præceptorem pro Ari&longs;totele &longs;crip&longs;erit. <lb/></s> <s>Cap. XXVII.<!-- KEEP S--></s> </p><p type="main"> <s>QVAMQVAM <emph type="italics"/>hæc Aristotelis demonstratio ab <lb/>Auenpace viro certè doctissimo, & Auerrois præce­<lb/>ptore, habita e&longs;t veluti captio&longs;a: ip&longs;am tamen Auer­<lb/>rois; qui in eruendis Ari&longs;totelis verissimis &longs;ententiis v&longs;us est <lb/>maxima per&longs;picacia, ab omni iniuria vindicat: vt in tertia <lb/>parte huius di&longs;putationis abundè videbitur: nunc autem rem <lb/>attigi&longs;&longs;e &longs;copulumque demonstra&longs;&longs;e, &longs;at e&longs;t.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>O&longs;tendit ergo Auerroes demon&longs;trationem e&longs;&longs;e efficacissi­<lb/>mam: & medium &longs;pacium plenum in motu elementorum <lb/>adeo e&longs;&longs;e nece&longs;&longs;arium, vt &longs;ine pleno medio elementa nullo mo­<lb/>do cieri po&longs;&longs;ent: idque ex motus definitione edita libro tertio <lb/>Phy&longs;icorum particula &longs;exta.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Ex motus ergo definitione (inquit Auerroes) quemlibet <lb/>motum e&longs;&longs;e continuum, quiuis facilè cogno&longs;cit: quippe quod <lb/>motus &longs;it actus illius, quod potest e&longs;&longs;e &longs;ub ea ratione, qua po­<lb/>te&longs;t e&longs;&longs;e: ex eadem motus definitione intelligere etiam po&longs;&longs;u­<lb/>mus; quodlibet mobile habere facultatem ad-nouum actum, <lb/>nouamque perfectionem; ad quam tendit: Ergo omnis motus <lb/>e&longs;t continuus; & nullus e&longs;t indiuiduus, & in momento tempo­<lb/>ris factus: non pote&longs;t autem e&longs;&longs;e continuatio hæc ex &longs;ola virtu <lb/>te mouentis, vt Auenpaces aliquando &longs;en&longs;it; ni&longs;i etiam re&longs;i­<lb/>&longs;tentia aliqua fuerit, quam virtus mouentis &longs;uperet, itaque &longs;e­<lb/>cundum eam rationem proportionis, qua virtus mouentis re-<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/145.jpg" pagenum="125"/><emph type="italics"/>&longs;i&longs;tentiam &longs;uperat; motus quoque fit velox, atque in his moti­<lb/>bus, in quibus e&longs;t re&longs;istentiæ proportio maior, e&longs;t etiam maior <lb/>velocitas: vbi est re&longs;i&longs;tentiæ proportio minor, ibi & velocitas <lb/>minor e&longs;t, vbi vis mouentis re&longs;istentiam non &longs;uperat: aut <expan abbr="&longs;e-cũdum">&longs;e­<lb/>cundum</expan> certum à natura &longs;tatutum exce&longs;&longs;um <expan abbr="eãdem">eandem</expan> non exce­<lb/>dit, motus nullus efficitur: qua de re &longs;eptimo <expan abbr="Phy&longs;icorũ">Phy&longs;icorum</expan> Ari <lb/>&longs;toteles graisissime di&longs;putauit in calce: Ergo nece&longs;&longs;aria e&longs;t re <lb/>&longs;i&longs;tentia medy pleni in motu elementorum <expan abbr="cõtinuo">continuo</expan>, in quo ple­<lb/>no medio <expan abbr="elem&etilde;ta">elementa</expan> facultatem habent illis à natura tributam <lb/>ad maiorem perfectionem &longs;en&longs;im eundi, ad quam postquam <lb/>ab imperfectione in motus principio di&longs;ce&longs;&longs;erunt; per motum <lb/>continuum tendunt. </s> <s>Hic &longs;cire licet re&longs;i&longs;tentiam tribus <expan abbr="tantũ">tantum</expan> <lb/>modis inueniri po&longs;&longs;e: Aut exparte mobilis, & mediis; vt in <lb/>animalibus, quæ in pleno mouentur, in quibus animalibus cor <lb/>pus, quod est actu, & medium, quod est plenum, animæ mo­<lb/>uenti re&longs;i&longs;tit.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Aut ex partemobilis tantum: vt in animalibus, dum mo­<lb/>uentur in vacuo: in quibus, non medium, quod e&longs;t inane, &longs;ed <lb/>&longs;olum animalis corpus animæ mouenti re&longs;i&longs;tit: & in corpori­<lb/>bus cæle&longs;tibus in quibus, & ip&longs;um cælum motum &longs;ine medio <lb/>animæ mouent, re&longs;i&longs;tit. </s> <s>Aut ex parte medy tantum: vt in <lb/>elementis, quæ <expan abbr="mouētur">mouentur</expan> in pleno: quorum materia, quæ actu <lb/>non e&longs;t, &longs;ed facultate tantum formæ mouenti re&longs;i&longs;tere non po­<lb/>test, &longs;ed medium &longs;olum illud e&longs;t, quod re&longs;istit.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Non tamen putet quis re&longs;istentiam e&longs;&longs;e non po&longs;&longs;e, ni&longs;ivbi <lb/>vis inferatur: motusque contra rei mobilis inclinationem fiat: <lb/>nam inter dum re&longs;istentia e&longs;t &longs;ine vlla vt: vt in elementis, quæ <lb/>ex duobus tantum partibus &longs;implicissimis conflantur: id est <lb/>&longs;implici forma, &longs;implicique materia prima, quæ e&longs;t &longs;ola, nu­<lb/>da, pura, &longs;implexque facultas, neque determinata e&longs;t à qua<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/146.jpg" pagenum="126"/><emph type="italics"/>piam natura: principium, quod motum fecit, vtique forma <lb/>e&longs;t & grauitas, & leuitas: materia; quæ motum à forma, & <lb/>grauitate, ac leuitate factum, vt pote&longs;t accipit nullum habet <lb/>actum, nullamque <expan abbr="actunaturã">actunaturam</expan>: ideo re&longs;i&longs;tentia nulla expar­<lb/>temateriæ cogitari pote&longs;t, &longs;iue cum vi, &longs;iue &longs;ine vi <expan abbr="re&longs;i&longs;tentiã">re&longs;i&longs;tentiam</expan> <lb/>mauis: nam vis nulla ex eo na&longs;citur, in quo nulla est natura, <lb/>nullo&longs;que actus contra cuius nixum vis fiat: nulla e&longs;t & iam <lb/>ad motum quempiam determinatum, ac certum inclinatio; <lb/>vbi nulla e&longs;t determinata natura, nec certus qui&longs;piam actus. <lb/></s> <s>Ergo in motu natur ali elementorum &longs;i principia tantum in­<lb/>tueamur, ex quibus elementorum naturæ coaugment antur, <lb/>nullam re&longs;istentiam inueniemus, quæ tamen (vt diximus) ne­<lb/>ce&longs;&longs;aria e&longs;t in quouis motu; ni&longs;i fuerit indiuiduus, & in mo­<lb/>mento temporis factus; quod minime fieripo&longs;&longs;e, motus defini­<lb/>tio indicat: vt de &longs;ententia Ari&longs;totelis libro tertio <expan abbr="Phy&longs;icorũ">Phy&longs;icorum</expan> <lb/>paullo ante memor auimus: cogimur ergo inuenire <expan abbr="re&longs;i&longs;t&etilde;tiam">re&longs;i&longs;tentiam</expan> <lb/>in medio, quod ab impressione elementi diuiditur, finditur, in­<lb/>que partes diuer&longs;as di&longs;trahitur, & &longs;ine violentiare&longs;i&longs;tit: nam <lb/>aer (verbi gratia) in motu grauium, & leuium est grauis <lb/>in loco ignis; & est leuis in loco aquæ, & terræ; in &longs;uo loco na <lb/>turali <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> est grauis, & non e&longs;t leuis, ideo <expan abbr="vtrũque">vtrunque</expan> <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> exci­<lb/>pere potest: quia &longs;u&longs;cipiens debet e&longs;&longs;e immune à naturarei, <lb/>quæ &longs;u&longs;cipitur, ne quod intus exi&longs;tit, prohibeat, & ob&longs;i&longs;tat: id <lb/>e&longs;t impedimento &longs;it extrin&longs;ecis, quo minus ingrediantur: vt &longs;u <lb/>pra diximus Ari&longs;totelem literis con&longs;ignaui&longs;&longs;e libro tertio de <lb/>anima. </s> <s>Ea dere optimè &longs;crip&longs;it Auerroes libro tertio de cæ­<lb/>lo commentatione duodeuige&longs;ima, dum dixit. </s> <s>Aer nec ad <lb/>grauitatem, nec ad leuitatem naturalem inclinationem ha­<lb/>bet: ideo graui, & leui per aerem moto &longs;ine vlla violentiare­<lb/>&longs;i&longs;tit: idque &longs;upra non raro diximus.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><pb xlink:href="011/01/147.jpg" pagenum="127"/><p type="head"> <s>In &longs;pacio inani &longs;i illud daretur, nulla e&longs;&longs;et re&longs;i­<lb/>&longs;tentia. </s> <s>Cap. XXVIII.<!-- KEEP S--></s> </p><p type="main"> <s>N<emph type="italics"/>ec &longs;it, qui putet, re&longs;i&longs;tentiam e&longs;&longs;e in &longs;pacio inani ex <lb/>parte terminorum: vt ecce &longs;pacium inane triginta <lb/>pedum (vt eorum more loquar) nam &longs;ecundum rei <lb/>veritatem inane &longs;pacium nullis terminis definitur: &longs;ed &longs;i da­<lb/>tur, quod non dari probatum est alibi, illud totum immen­<lb/>&longs;um, & infinitum est: Nos tamen, vacuum po&longs;itum in <expan abbr="hostiũ">hostium</expan> <lb/>gratiam triginta pedum men&longs;ura definitum con&longs;tituimus: vt <lb/>ho&longs;tes inde intelligant, eorum opinionem nihil habere momen <lb/>ti: &longs;it ergo &longs;pacium illud vacuum, quod fingunt, tringinta pe­<lb/>dum; <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan> (vt aiunt) per illud tempore diuiduo mouere­<lb/>tur, alioquin totum &longs;pacium &longs;imul occuparet, in omnibus me­<lb/>dij partibus, in omnibus extremis terminis eodem temporis mo <lb/>mento inueniretur, & peromnes medij partes ab extremo ad <lb/><expan abbr="extremũ">extremum</expan> &longs;imul moueretur, à quibus ab&longs;urdis, vt ip&longs;i &longs;ibi ip&longs;is <lb/>caueant, dicere vel <expan abbr="etiãnolentes">etiannolentes</expan> coguntur: elementa per ina­<lb/>ne &longs;pacium non in momento, &longs;ed in tempore ferri ratione re­<lb/>&longs;i&longs;tentiæ ex parte terminorum ab inuicem longe di&longs;tantium. <lb/></s> <s>Contra quorum &longs;ententiam multa argumenta, eademque ex <lb/>plicatu difficilia adducipo&longs;&longs;unt, &longs;i eadem locus istæ po&longs;tula­<lb/>ret: quorum <expan abbr="magnã">magnam</expan> partem prudentes præterimus, & ea <expan abbr="tã-tum">tan­<lb/>tum</expan> vix attingimus, quæ ad hunc locum, & &longs;i non omni, ali­<lb/>qua &longs;altem ex parte pertinere videbuntur; vt di&longs;ceptatio no­<lb/>&longs;tranihil &longs;uperuacuum, aut redundans, nihilque imminutum <lb/>contineat, & ne angustioribus cancellis concludatur; & ne <lb/>longiorihus finibus producatur, quam fortè par &longs;it.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Verum antequam rem ip&longs;am aggrediar; &longs;ciendum, lo-<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/148.jpg" pagenum="128"/><emph type="italics"/>cum e&longs;&longs;e aliquem vacuum ad Platonis ætatemiam inde à <lb/>Thaletis Milesij temporibus omnes ignoraui&longs;&longs;e; vt autor est <lb/>Plutarchus, post modum Leucippus, Democritus, & Epicu­<lb/>rus vacuum palam affirmare &longs;unt au&longs;i; hos &longs;ecutus est Lu­<lb/>cretius uates; Diuinus Plato in Timæo, & Ari&longs;toteles libro <lb/>quarto de phy&longs;ico auditu inane &longs;u&longs;tulerunt: &longs;ed hæc fines no­<lb/>&longs;tros egrediuntur, ideo illis derelictis ad rem ip&longs;am reuerti­<lb/>mur, & argumenta quædam adducimus; quibus veluti non­<lb/>nullis arietibus ho&longs;tium propugnacula, quæ ab illis inexpugna <lb/>bilia exi&longs;timantur, funditus diruantur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Primo ergo &longs;i terminorum di&longs;tantia cau&longs;a e&longs;&longs;et motus in <lb/>tempore facti &longs;ine alia, aut medij, aut mobilis re&longs;i&longs;tenria; il­<lb/>luminatio <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> in momento, &longs;ed in tempore fieret: cui reclamat <lb/>Ari&longs;toteles libro &longs;ecundo de anima particula &longs;eptuage&longs;ima: <lb/>nam licet lumen vtroque contrario vacet; quod vidèlicet aut <lb/>extrin&longs;ecè, aut intrin&longs;ecère&longs;i&longs;tat; ratione cuius <expan abbr="re&longs;i&longs;t&etilde;tiæ">re&longs;i&longs;tentiæ</expan> &longs;i ea <lb/>daretur &longs;uccessio in illuminatione inueniretur, tamen propter <lb/>terminorum di&longs;tantiam &longs;pacium tum inane, tum plenum in <lb/>tempore illuminari cogeretur, non autem in temporis momen <lb/>to. </s> <s>Verum Ari&longs;toteles vnumquodque &longs;pacio&longs;um quantum­<lb/>uis va&longs;tissimum non in tempore, &longs;ed in in&longs;tanti tempor is illu­<lb/>minari aperte docuit: at &longs;i verum e&longs;&longs;et id, quod ho&longs;tes tanto­<lb/>pere vrgent; per terminos non parum aliquando di&longs;tantes &longs;ta<lb/>ret, quo minus in momento totum &longs;pacium, vastum illud qui­<lb/>dem, immo non rarò vastissimum, illuminari po&longs;&longs;et: quomodo <lb/>ergo effugient i&longs;ti, quin Aristoteli mendacij notam inurant? <lb/></s> <s>&longs;i dicant &longs;olam terminorum distantiam re&longs;i&longs;tentiam &longs;at e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>æd motum continuum?<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Secundo exitus argumenti, quod contra Democritum ab <lb/>Ari&longs;totele texitur libro &longs;ecundo de anima particula &longs;eptua-<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/149.jpg" pagenum="129"/><emph type="italics"/>ge&longs;imaquarta explicaretur. </s> <s>Dixerat enim Democritus: &longs;i <lb/>&longs;pacium inter nos, & cælum interceptum e&longs;&longs;et inane, formi­<lb/>ca quantumuis parua, &longs;i e&longs;&longs;et in cælo videretur: Aduer&longs;us <lb/>quam Democriti &longs;ententiam Ari&longs;toteles hac ratione agit.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Per medium &longs;pacium inane nullæ &longs;pecies multiplicantur: <lb/>&longs;ed &longs;pacium inter nos, & cælum interceptum e&longs;t inane, vt De <lb/>mocrito falsò arri&longs;it: ergo in eo nullæ &longs;pecies multiplicantur: <lb/>at &longs;ine &longs;peciebus per medium multiplicatis nihil &longs;pectatur; er­<lb/>go &longs;pacio inani inter nos, & cælum intercepto, &longs;i formica in <lb/>cælo e&longs;&longs;et, nulla certèratione videri po&longs;&longs;et: Hoc <expan abbr="argum&etilde;tum">argumentum</expan>, <lb/>& efficacissimum illius robur ex medij pleni necessitate pen­<lb/>det; &longs;ine quo nihil videtur; vt &longs;ine pleno medio elementa non <lb/>mouentur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>At &longs;ivera e&longs;&longs;et istorum &longs;ententia; qui medij pleni nece&longs;­<lb/>&longs;itatem tollere audent, huius efficacissimi argumenti exitus <lb/>nullo negocio explicaretur. </s> <s>Nam &longs;i elementa non in momen­<lb/>to, &longs;ed in tempore per &longs;pacium inane mouerentur, idque illis <lb/>accideret non ratione re&longs;istentiæ, quæ in vacuo nulla est, &longs;ed <lb/>ratione terminorum magnopere di&longs;tantium; ita & &longs;pecies, <lb/>per hoc medium inane &longs;pacium ratione vacui, licet multipli­<lb/>carinon valerent; ratione tamen terminorum ab inuicem di­<lb/>stantium multiplicari po&longs;&longs;ent. </s> <s>Affirmant enim elementa, <lb/>per medium inane propter vtriu&longs;que termini di&longs;tantis re&longs;i&longs;ten <lb/>tiam in tempore moueri, non propter eam re&longs;i&longs;tentiam, quæ <lb/>ex medio pleno oriri deberet; quod plenum in vacuo de&longs;idera­<lb/>tur: ita & &longs;pacium, quod non est plenum, cuius tamen ter­<lb/>mini distant, non in momento, &longs;ed in tempore illuminatum, <lb/>&longs;pecies per ip&longs;um multiplicatas acciperet.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Tertio inanis e&longs;&longs;et Platonis <expan abbr="demõ&longs;tratio">demon&longs;tratio</expan> in Timæo, quam <lb/>v&longs;urpat Ari&longs;toteles libro quarto Phy&longs;icorum particula &longs;exa<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/150.jpg" pagenum="130"/><emph type="italics"/>ge&longs;imaquarta, & deinceps, qua demon&longs;tratione Diuinus Pla <lb/>to probare contendit. </s> <s>Terram non moueri: quia est in totius <lb/>mundi æquilibrio; ideo &longs;tat immota, nec magis <expan abbr="advnã">advnam</expan>, quam <lb/>ad aliam partem flectitur, cum &longs;it in medio æquè distans ab <lb/>extremis: qua de re Aristoteles copiosè di&longs;putauit libro &longs;e­<lb/>cundo de cælo, ita &longs;i vacuum &longs;it, illud erit omni ex parte indif <lb/>ferens, nec in eo erit, aut &longs;ur&longs;um, aut deor&longs;um, aut antè, aut <lb/>ponè, aut dextrum aut &longs;inistrum, quæ &longs;unt loci differentiæ, <lb/>ad quas mobile vnumquodque mouetur. </s> <s>Ergo corpus quod in <lb/>medio &longs;pacio inani fuerit, aut in omnes medij partes di&longs;tra­<lb/>ctum diuelletur, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> ad omnes &longs;it æquè inclinatum, aut vbique, <lb/>vel magis nullibi stabit: cum hæ &longs;int loci differentiæ. </s> <s>quæ non <lb/>&longs;unt in vacuo, vel non mouebitur, & non quie&longs;cet, cum nulla <lb/>&longs;it ibi cau&longs;a, aut motus, aut quietis, nullaque ibi &longs;it loci diffe­<lb/>rentia, in quam elementum &longs;tet, aut ad quam elementum mo<lb/>ueatur, vel in æquilibrio po&longs;itum non magis advnam, quam <lb/>ad aliam partem flectetur, &longs;ed ad omnes &longs;imul, vel ad null am <lb/>magis: quod Plato de terra dixerat. </s> <s>At &longs;i corpus &longs;implex <lb/><expan abbr="elem&etilde;torum">elementorum</expan> per &longs;pacium inane moueatur in æquilibrio vacui <lb/>po&longs;itum, & terra in totius mundi æquilibrio con&longs;tituta, certè <lb/>mouebitur: quod tum Ari&longs;toteles, tum Plato ab&longs;urdum e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>putauerunt.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Quarto fal&longs;um e&longs;&longs;et id, quod ab Ari&longs;totele con&longs;tantissimè <lb/>affirmatur libro quarto de phy&longs;ico auditu particula &longs;exage­<lb/>&longs;imaoctaua. </s> <s>Proiecta à medio iuuante motum moueri: nam <lb/>quæ proiciuntur, & per inane &longs;pacium impelluntur, ab inani <lb/>medio non iuuante motum, moueri non queunt: cum ea, quæ <lb/>res nulla e&longs;t vt inane &longs;pacium, quod nullum e&longs;t motum, qui res <lb/>aliqua e&longs;t, iuuare non possit: Simplicia ergo <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> cor­<lb/>pora dum natura, per &longs;pacium inane <expan abbr="ferũtur">feruntur</expan> à medio vacuo<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/151.jpg" pagenum="131"/><emph type="italics"/>non iuuante motum, cieri non po&longs;&longs;unt, quod Ari&longs;toteli aduer <lb/>&longs;atur affirmanti, quæ proiiciuntur à medio illorum iuuante <lb/>motum, de loco, ad locum concitari.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Quinto in vacuo grauius, & leuius, æquali velocitate mo­<lb/>uerentur; cum terminorum distantia in vtri&longs;que po&longs;&longs;et e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>æqualis.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Sexto &longs;implicia elementa per vacuum velocius in fine, <lb/>quam in principio non mouerentur: cum perpetua &longs;it in va­<lb/>cuo æquabilitas, nullaqueratio naturæ diuer&longs;a, ex qua motus <lb/>naturalis velocitas in fine augeatur: qua de re infra di&longs;puta­<lb/>bitur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Nec ho&longs;tium argumenta aliquod <expan abbr="momentũ">momentum</expan> habent; quip­<lb/>pe cum pro certo &longs;ciamus; mobile totum &longs;pacium &longs;imul non <lb/>occupare eodem tempore, omnes medij partes non lustrare in <lb/>omnibus extremis terminis eodem temporis momento non in­<lb/>ueniri ratione extrin&longs;ecæ re&longs;i&longs;tentiæ, quæ in motu <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> <lb/>per inane &longs;pacium, omnino de&longs;iderantur: non enim &longs;pacium, <lb/>quod non e&longs;t plenum extrin&longs;ecus re&longs;istit, nec pars mobilis in­<lb/>erin&longs;ecè re&longs;istere potest, quæ non e&longs;t in actu, &longs;ed nuda, &longs;ola, <lb/>&longs;implexque facultas, vt &longs;upra diximus: &longs;i ergo &longs;pacium ina­<lb/>ne daretur, quod motis elementis nulla ratione re&longs;i&longs;teret, mo­<lb/>bile totum &longs;pacium &longs;imuloccuparet: omnes medij partes eo­<lb/>dem tempore lu&longs;taret, & in omnibus extremis, & per totum <lb/>medium &longs;imul existeret, adomnes immo ad nullas loci diffe­<lb/>rentias moueretur nullibi, immo vbique quie&longs;ceret. </s> <s>Hac ad <lb/>omnium argumentorum materiam; nunc ad formas re&longs;pon­<lb/>dentes, id <expan abbr="incõueniens">inconueniens</expan> e&longs;&longs;e negamus, quod ho&longs;tes inconueniens <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e putant; po&longs;ito enim vacuo ea omnia nece&longs;&longs;ariò &longs;equuntur, <lb/>quæ ab hostibus, vt ab&longs;urda deducuntur: ea primo ab&longs;urdo <lb/>dato, ab&longs;urda non &longs;unt; &longs;ed nece&longs;&longs;ariò fiunt. </s> <s>Quapropter ne-<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/152.jpg" pagenum="132"/><emph type="italics"/>ce&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t in motu elementorum ex parte medij tantum, & non <lb/>ex parte extremorum distantium, vt motus re&longs;i&longs;tentia intel­<lb/>ligatur propter ab&longs;urda, quæ nuper adducta fuerunt: non ex <lb/>parte materiæ mobilis, quæ non re&longs;i&longs;tit, cum &longs;it pura fa­<lb/>cultas; nec exparte vacui, quod res nulla est; ideo re&longs;istere <lb/>non creditur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head"> <s>An priu&longs;quam medium, elementum in medio <lb/>moueatur. </s> <s>Cap. XXIX.<!-- KEEP S--></s> </p><p type="main"> <s>QVONIAM <emph type="italics"/>elementum à medio moueri confirmaui­<lb/>mus; operepræcium nos facturos putamus, ante quam <lb/>ad alia progrediamur, videre. </s> <s>Vtrumne lapis, &longs;uæ na <lb/>turæ derelictus, prius, an po&longs;terius quam medium an &longs;imul, <lb/>cum medio moueatur. </s> <s>Quærendi an&longs;am nanci&longs;cimur ex his, <lb/>quæ &longs;upra dicta fuerunt; lapidem certèaut aliud quoduis &longs;eu <lb/>graue, &longs;eu leue &longs;implex corpus, quod per medium fertur, me­<lb/>dium ip&longs;um impellere, quod po&longs;tquam fuit impul&longs;um à pro­<lb/>pria forma mouetur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Huic quæ&longs;tioni ex his &longs;atis fieri po&longs;&longs;e credimus; quæ ad mo<lb/>tus ip&longs;ius violenti, naturalis, & neutri, naturam pertinent; <lb/>quippe cum motus naturalis, cuius comis e&longs;t motus violentus, <lb/>aut &longs;altem non naturalis, &longs;eu neuter, violentum, &longs;eu non na­<lb/>turalem, aut neutrum omnino præcedat, & &longs;it potius cau&longs;a <lb/>motus violentia, &longs;eu non naturalis, aut neutri, quam effectus: <lb/>nihil enim excogitari potest ab&longs;urdius, quam eum <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>, qui <lb/>contra naturam, aut &longs;altem non &longs;ecundum naturam e&longs;t, eum <lb/>præcedere motum, & illius cau&longs;am e&longs;&longs;e, qui est naturalis: vt <lb/>liquidò constat ex libro octauo Phy&longs;icorum particula trige&longs;i­<lb/>maquinta, & trige&longs;imanona. </s> <s>At qui motus medij, ex eapar<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/153.jpg" pagenum="133"/><emph type="italics"/>te, qua impellitur, atque diuiditur, est violentus, vel &longs;altem <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb/>naturalis, &longs;eu neuter, motus lapidis e&longs;t naturalis; Ergo cor­<lb/>porum, aut grauium, aut leuium motus e&longs;t medij motu prior, <lb/>non tempore, &longs;ed origine, aut natura.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Præterea corpus, quod aliud corpus ad locum mouet; illud <lb/>non mouet, ni&longs;i moueatur; vt dixi&longs;&longs;e aliquando vi&longs;us e&longs;t Ari <lb/>&longs;toteles, nempè &longs;eptimò Phy&longs;icorum particula tertia; & octa <lb/>uo Phy&longs;icorum particula trige&longs;ima&longs;exta; & non raro alibi. <lb/></s> <s>Vt ecce corpus, quod trahit, non trahit ni&longs;i & ip&longs;um dum <lb/>trahit, moueatur, quod vehit ad locum vehendo mouetur, <lb/>quod impellit; dumillud corpus impellit; & ip&longs;um ad locum <lb/>cietur: quod rotunda conuer&longs;ione torquet, immotum id mu­<lb/>neris non ab&longs;oluit, &longs;ed ad locum latum: quæ omnes &longs;unt &longs;pe­<lb/>cies motionum illarum, quæ ab extrin&longs;eco motore fiunt; vt au­<lb/>tor est Ari&longs;toteles &longs;eptimo Phy&longs;icorum particula decima. <lb/></s> <s>Nulla harum motionum &longs;pecies ab extrin&longs;eco corpore mouen <lb/>te fit, quod non moueatur: quia omne corpus, quod apud nos <lb/>mouet, mouendo mouetur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Theophrastus id non ece&longs;&longs;ariò fieri probat: vel hominis <lb/>exemplo lignum trahentis à quo tracto ligno homo, qui trahit, <lb/>non trahitur: vt <expan abbr="nau&etilde;">nauem</expan> ex alto trahens, à naue tracta non tra­<lb/>hitur. </s> <s>Solis etiam exemplum v&longs;urpat, à cuius vi trahendi va­<lb/>pores in &longs;ublime rapti trahuntur: &longs;ol tamen à tractis vapori­<lb/>bus non trahitur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Theophra&longs;ti exempla labefactauit Themistius libro pri­<lb/>mo de anima particula quadrage&longs;imaprima; dum dixit. <lb/></s> <s>Homines, qui aut lignum, aut nauem, aut aliud quoduis cor­<lb/>pus trahunt, & &longs;ol, qui vapores in &longs;ublime rapit, & &longs;i eadem <lb/>motus &longs;pecie non moueatur, vt &longs;unt motus trahendi, impellen <lb/>di, vehendi, & in orbem contorquendi, eodem tamen genere<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/154.jpg" pagenum="134"/><emph type="italics"/>motus homines, & &longs;olem moueri &longs;at e&longs;t; qui ad locum mouen­<lb/>tur, ad quem mouent; quauis motus &longs;pecie moueant: vt nos <lb/>etiam &longs;crip&longs;imus. </s> <s>Nunc ad mobile reuertimur, quod &longs;uæ na­<lb/>turæ derelictum in medio &longs;u&longs;pen&longs;um, &longs;i&longs;it graue, vt lapis, ae­<lb/>rem, aut aliud quodcumque medium, per quod fertur, impel­<lb/>lit. </s> <s>Ergo nece&longs;&longs;e est, vt lapis mouendo aerem & ip&longs;æ prius mo<lb/>ueatur, natura &longs;altem, & &longs;i non tempore prius: cum omne <lb/>corpus, quod aliud corpus ad locum mouet, ad locum concite­<lb/>tur: omne enim quod in aliud agit, ab eo nece&longs;&longs;ario patitur, <lb/>in quod agit, in his, quæ &longs;unt &longs;ub luna præ&longs;ertim: ideo talis <lb/>motus &longs;eu impul&longs;us, &longs;eu alia &longs;pecies motus fuerit, non fit ab <lb/>impellente, aut ab alio quauis ratione mouente, &longs;ine motu aut <lb/>impellentis, aut quouis alio motu mouentis.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Tertio re&longs;pondeo: lapis &longs;emetip&longs;um mouet ad motum me <lb/>dij, perindeac nauta ad motum nauigij; vt &longs;upra diximus: &longs;ed <lb/>nauta nauigium non mouet, ni&longs;i po&longs;tquam &longs;emetip&longs;um moue­<lb/>rit. </s> <s>Ergo lapis, & quodlibet aliud mobile &longs;implex, graue, & <lb/>leue, per medium latum prius mouetur, <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> medium mouea­<lb/>tur: ergo lapis non cit &longs;e per accidens ad citationem medij, <lb/>quod non dum citatur: &longs;ed à &longs;emetip&longs;o lapis tunc citetur opor­<lb/>tetper &longs;e, & forte primo: vt (au&longs;pice Deo) infra videbimus.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Hic noua quæ&longs;tio exi&longs;tit: &longs;ilapis, aut quoduis aliud cor­<lb/>pus, graue, aut leue e&longs;t mobile, ergo mobilitate e&longs;t mobile, num <lb/>quid illa mobilitas &longs;it mobilis? </s> <s>&longs;i eamdem mobilem e&longs;&longs;e nega­<lb/>uerimus: ergo nec lapis mobilis e&longs;&longs;e poterit: quia ob immobi­<lb/>lem mobilitatem nihil mouetur: cum omne, quod mouet, mo­<lb/>ueatur, vt diximus, &longs;i est mobilis: ergo mobilit ate mobilis: <lb/>hanc nouam mobilitatem in <expan abbr="nouã">nouam</expan> di&longs;qui&longs;itionem accer&longs;imus: <lb/>& quærimus, numquidip&longs;a &longs;it mobilis, &longs;i mobilis non e&longs;t. </s> <s>Er­<lb/>go nec prima erat mobilis, quia nulla ratio vrget; vt magis<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/155.jpg" pagenum="135"/><emph type="italics"/>hæc, quam illa &longs;it mobilis: &longs;i e&longs;t mobilis in infinitum progre­<lb/>diemur: verum natur a mouentium, & mobilium infinit at em <lb/>istam non amat; Ergo aut in infinitum a&longs;cendere licebit; aut <lb/>in prima mobilitate quie&longs;cendum, atque ip&longs;am minime mobi <lb/>lem e&longs;&longs;e dicendum.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Re&longs;pondeo omne mobile e&longs;&longs;e mobilitate mobile: cum queri­<lb/>tur: numquid mobilitas &longs;it mobilis, per inficiationem re&longs;pon­<lb/>detur: non enim mobilis potest e&longs;&longs;e prima mobilitas: ad pro­<lb/>bationem cum dicitur; omne mobile e&longs;t mobilitate mobile, da­<lb/>tur, cum vltra progrediuntur: ergo mobilitas e&longs;t mobilis: ne­<lb/>gatur; ratio est, quia in captionem <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> impingitur: quæ fal­<lb/>lacia, &longs;eu captio figuræ dictionis ab Ari&longs;totele nuncupatur li <lb/>bro elementorum: mutatur enim quo in quod: id est prima <lb/>mobilitas: quæ primum mobile e&longs;t, mobile e&longs;t quo, illud mobi <lb/>le mouetur, quæ non potest e&longs;&longs;e, quod moueatur: non e&longs;t ergo <lb/>mobilis; nec propterea &longs;equitur, <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> mobile non e&longs;&longs;e mobile, <lb/>immo totum oppo&longs;itum: <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> &longs;cilicet mobile prima &longs;ua mo­<lb/>bilitate e&longs;&longs;e mobile, vt principio quo, quæ in quod mutari non <lb/>debet; &longs;i in captionem figuræ dictionis impingere <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> volumus.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head"> <s>Totum elementum à toto elemento mouetur, & <lb/>e&longs;t quinta propo&longs;itio. </s> <s>Cap. XXX.<!-- KEEP S--></s> </p><p type="main"> <s>TOTVM <emph type="italics"/>elementum non primo, &longs;ed &longs;ecundo totum <lb/>mouet elementum; Hæc quinta propo&longs;itio ex his pro­<lb/>batur, quæ &longs;upra non &longs;emel repetita fuerunt. </s> <s>Actio­<lb/>nes, & perpessiones &longs;unt indiuiduorum de &longs;ententia Ari&longs;tote <lb/>lis in prologo libri primi Diuinorum. <!-- KEEP S--></s> <s>Totum ergo indiuiduum <lb/>elementum est quod mouet, & quod mouetur. </s> <s>Secundo pro­<lb/>batur, corporis &longs;implicis e&longs;t motus &longs;implex, & motus &longs;implex<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/156.jpg" pagenum="136"/><emph type="italics"/>est corporis &longs;implicis, vt &longs;crip&longs;it Ari&longs;toteles libro primo de cæ <lb/>lo particula &longs;eptima, & octaua: &longs;ed elementa corpora &longs;unt <lb/>&longs;implicia: ergo elementa &longs;implici motu aguntur; ita vt totum <lb/>elementum moueat, & moueatur: eo tamen modo, quem &longs;u­<lb/>pra attingimus, dum diximus. </s> <s>Totum elementum per par­<lb/>tem, id e&longs;t per materiam moueri: & per partem, id est, per <lb/>formam mouere; est enim forma principium quo totum ele­<lb/>mentum mouet, & materia est principium, quo totum ele­<lb/>mentum mouetur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Differunt hæ duæ naturæ: quia forma cit &longs;e ad citationem <lb/>totius elementi: & tunc cit, & citatur, &longs;eu mouet, ac moue­<lb/>tur: mouet quidem totum elementum, & ad totius elementi <lb/>motum mouetur, materia licet moueatur, non tamen mouet: <lb/>vel ip&longs;o etiam Auerroe teste libro quarto Phy&longs;icorum com­<lb/>mentatione &longs;eptuage&longs;imaquarta: Materialis enim forma <lb/>(ait Auerroes) mouet, vt e&longs;t in materia mota, ab eademmet <lb/>forma; quæ totum mouet, & materiam: vt meminit idens <lb/>Auerroes tertio libro de cælo <expan abbr="comm&etilde;tatione">commentatione</expan> duodetrige&longs;ima, <lb/>& quarto libro eiu&longs;dem commentatione vige&longs;ima&longs;ecunda, & <lb/>vige&longs;imaquarta. </s> <s>Hoc non e&longs;t mouere &longs;e per &longs;e, & primo, &longs;ed <lb/>tantum &longs;ecundo, quia per partem: at quomodo elementum à <lb/>&longs;e per &longs;e, & primo moueatur paucis quibu&longs;dam interpo&longs;itis <lb/>demonctrabitur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head"> <s>Totum elementum &longs;e per accidens mouet: & e&longs;t <lb/>&longs;exta propo&longs;itio. </s> <s>Cap. XXXI.<!-- KEEP S--></s> </p><p type="main"> <s>TOTVM <emph type="italics"/>elementum &longs;e per &longs;e propriæ non mouet; &longs;ed <lb/>per accidens.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Huius &longs;extæ propo&longs;itionis pars prior probatur rationibus<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/157.jpg" pagenum="137"/><emph type="italics"/>ab Ari&longs;totele petitis octauo libro Phy&longs;icorum particula vige <lb/>&longs;ima&longs;eptima, & vige&longs;imaoctaua, & trige&longs;imanona, & primo.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Si elementa à &longs;e ip&longs;is per &longs;e propriè mouerentur, anima vti <lb/>que viuerent, perindeac animalia, quæ à &longs;e ip&longs;is per &longs;e pro­<lb/>priè mouentur: &longs;ed elementa, vt animalia anima non viuunt, <lb/>ergo elementa à &longs;e ip&longs;is propriènon mouentur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Voxilla: non vt animalia ab re addita non fuit: propter <lb/>Platonem enim eamdem addidimus, qui animam elementis <lb/>a&longs;crip&longs;it in Timæo, &longs;ed aliam, & longè diuer&longs;am ab ea ani­<lb/>ma, quæ e&longs;t in animalibus, ac diuer&longs;o quodammodo informan <lb/>tem, cuius &longs;ententiæ Aristoteles non &longs;ub&longs;cribit: qua de re ali <lb/>bi copiosè licet egerimus, nonnulla tamen infra breui or atione <lb/>perstring emus.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Hoc argumentum ex Diuini Platonis fontibus manare vi <lb/>detur libro decimo de legibus, & in eo libro, cui titulus e&longs;t Phæ <lb/>dro: vtrobique enim eamdem hominis animam immortalem <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e Plato demon&longs;traturus, geminas idcirco adfert rationes: <lb/>quia duo in vniuer&longs;um interitus modi inueniuntur, nec plu­<lb/>res duobus inueniri po&longs;&longs;unt; quorum nullus e&longs;t in anima: ideo <lb/>ab vtroque interitus modo vtraque ratio à Platone petitur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Omne enim quod interit, vel ab extrin&longs;eco interimitur; ve <lb/>lignum ab extrin&longs;eco igni exuritur; vel ab intrin&longs;eco principio <lb/>perditur, vt lignum, quia materiam habet; ideo interitus &longs;ui <lb/>intrin&longs;ecam cau&longs;am &longs;emper &longs;ecum ge&longs;tat: quapropter &longs;iin li­<lb/>gno caries aliquando vim &longs;umat, vt putre&longs;cat; lignum ad in­<lb/>teritum tunc &longs;uapte natura ducitur: quemadmodum in &longs;uis <lb/>de republica libris Diuinus Plato &longs;crip&longs;it; a&longs;&longs;eruitque ea, <lb/>quæ &longs;ponte &longs;ua intereunt, omnia à dome&longs;tico quodam princi­<lb/>pio, atque interno vitio de&longs;trui ob materiam certè in illis exi­<lb/>&longs;tentem; quæ cum nouam &longs;ubinde formam &longs;emper optet: nec<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/158.jpg" pagenum="138"/><emph type="italics"/>&longs;it illius de&longs;iderium inane, & nouam formam &longs;u&longs;cipere non <lb/>possit, ni&longs;t priore de&longs;tructa, nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t, vt ex appetente mate­<lb/>ria cuiuslibet rei materialis interitus omnino na&longs;catur, id <lb/>quod & Ari&longs;toteles memoriæ prodidit in calce libri primi <lb/>de phy&longs;ico auditu; & magnus Plotinus in libro, cui titulus est <lb/>vnde mala in quo ex materia omnia mala, v&longs;que ad <expan abbr="interitũ">interitum</expan>, <lb/>qui est omnium malorum pessimum, exoriri efficacia tanta <lb/>demonstrat, vt eo libro perlecto nemo &longs;it, qui de ea re ambi­<lb/>gere possit.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Altera ergo diuini Platonis ratio animam ab intrin&longs;eco, <lb/>alter a eamdem ab extrin&longs;eco ad interitum duci non po&longs;&longs;e, de­<lb/>mon&longs;trat. </s> <s>Prioris rationis hæc penè &longs;eries, e&longs;t.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Omne quod à &longs;e ip&longs;o mouetur, &longs;emper mouetur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Anima à &longs;e ip&longs;a mouetur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Ergo anima &longs;emper mouetur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Omne quod &longs;emper mouetur, est immortale.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Anima &longs;emper mouetur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Ergo anima e&longs;t immortalis.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Hæc ratio nobis &longs;anè ostendit, animam à &longs;e ip&longs;a destrui <lb/>non po&longs;&longs;e, quia anima e&longs;t natura a &longs;e per &longs;e &longs;emper mobilis, <lb/>quapropter anima e&longs;t immortalis.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Secundæ rationis proce&longs;&longs;us hoc maximè constat modo.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Omne quodip&longs;um mouet, motionis e&longs;t principium.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Anima &longs;e ip&longs;am mouet.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Ergo anima motionis est principium.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Omne quod e&longs;t principium motionis, e&longs;t ingenitum.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Anima est principium motionis.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Ergo anima e&longs;t ingenita.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Omne quod e&longs;t ingenitum, vacat interitu.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Anima estingenita.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><pb xlink:href="011/01/159.jpg" pagenum="139"/><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Ergo anima vacat interitu.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Omne quod vacat interitu, e&longs;t immortale.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Anima vacat interitu.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Ergo anima est immortalis.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Hæc ratio animæ immortalitatem maximè o&longs;tendit, quia <lb/>à nullo extrin&longs;eco interfici pote&longs;t.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Hæ duæ rationes tantam affinitatem, tantamque inter &longs;e <lb/>cognitionem habent, vt vnica ratio videri possit. </s> <s>Quod enim à <lb/>&longs;e ip&longs;o non de&longs;truitur, neque ab alio quopiam de&longs;truetur: nam <lb/>cum in &longs;e &longs;uæ perennitatis cau&longs;am ge&longs;tet, &longs;ibi &longs;emper præsto <lb/>est; &longs;e &longs;aluam &longs;emper e&longs;&longs;e vulc, vt illud e&longs;t quod à &longs;e ip&longs;o mo­<lb/>uetur: & rur&longs;us quod ab alio non destruitur, &longs;ed principium <lb/>est, & cau&longs;a potius, vt omnia alia con&longs;eruentur, id à &longs;e ip&longs;o <lb/>non de&longs;truetur quale motionis est principium.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Qua nam ratione illud Platonis intelligi debeat, animam <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e naturam &longs;e ip&longs;am mouentem, &longs;eu per &longs;e mobilem, Diui­<lb/>nus Plato docuit libro decimo de legibus; vbi isthæc ad uer­<lb/>bum &longs;crip&longs;it.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>“Trahit quidem animus cælestia omnia, & terrena, in &longs;u <lb/>per & ea, quæ in mari &longs;unt &longs;uismet motionibus, quorum <lb/>i&longs;ta &longs;unt nomina.”<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>“Velle, confidere, curare, con&longs;ulere, opinari, &longs;iue rectè, &longs;eu <lb/>perperam. </s> <s>Gaudentem, timentem, con&longs;identem, dolentem, <lb/>amantem, pero&longs;um, &c.” Hæc ex Diuino Platone ad ver <lb/>bum: De quibus motionum &longs;peciebus locutum fui&longs;&longs;e <expan abbr="diuinũ">diuinum</expan> <lb/>Platonem Theophrastus &longs;crip&longs;it in primo &longs;uo libro de motu: <lb/>& Strato Lamp&longs;acenus, qui fuit Theophr a&longs;ti auditor, & in­<lb/>ter optimos philo&longs;ophos numeratus in libro, quem Strato <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb/>ip&longs;e de motu edidit. </s> <s>Ex quibus &longs;atis &longs;uperque <expan abbr="notũ">notum</expan> e&longs;&longs;e reor, <lb/>alias e&longs;&longs;e motionum &longs;pecies, quas Plato animalibus a&longs;crip&longs;it,<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/160.jpg" pagenum="140"/><emph type="italics"/>& alias, quas Ari&longs;toteles ab ei&longs;dem auferendas e&longs;&longs;e voluit, <lb/>ita vt verbis <expan abbr="tãtum">tantum</expan> di&longs;crepare viderentur: &longs;i hi e&longs;&longs;ent motus. <lb/></s> <s>& &longs;i animæ &longs;olius, & <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> totius animati corporis e&longs;&longs;ent: quin? <lb/></s> <s>non ne ex eo, quod animæ pars, quæ agens intellectus nuncu­<lb/>patur, omnia facit: & pars, quæ possibilis intellectus appel­<lb/>latur, omnia fit: animam omnia intelligere propterea, eam­<lb/>dem e&longs;&longs;e immortalem, colligimus? </s> <s>quod &longs;i verum e&longs;t, vt veri&longs;­<lb/>&longs;imum e&longs;&longs;e norint, qui librum de anima tertium, vel &longs;emel <expan abbr="tã-tum">tan­<lb/>tum</expan>, atque cunctanter legerunt, quis non videt Platonem, & <lb/>Ari&longs;totelem, eamdem animæ <expan abbr="intellig&etilde;di">intelligendi</expan> <expan abbr="motion&etilde;">motionem</expan> a&longs;crip&longs;i&longs;&longs;e, <lb/>& ex eadem, animæ immortalit atem demon&longs;tr aui&longs;&longs;e? </s> <s>ita vt <lb/>nihil, præter verba inter illos inter&longs;it. </s> <s>Hæc obiter: nunc ad <lb/>rem no&longs;tram reuertimur. </s> <s>Cum itaque Diuinus Plato o&longs;ten­<lb/>dat animam e&longs;&longs;e naturam, & per &longs;e mobilem, ac &longs;e per &longs;e mo <lb/><expan abbr="uent&etilde;">uentem</expan>; tum ex his, quæ animæ intrin&longs;ecus in&longs;unt: tum exhis, <lb/>quæ eidem extrin&longs;ecus accidunt: ait <expan abbr="animã">animam</expan> &longs;ua præ&longs;entia præ <lb/>&longs;tare corpori, vt per &longs;e <expan abbr="quodãmodo">quodammodo</expan> moueatur: & corpus exani <lb/>me <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> verè moueri; &longs;ed illius <expan abbr="mutation&etilde;">mutationem</expan> quandam <expan abbr="tãtum">tantum</expan> e&longs;&longs;e: <lb/>quia <expan abbr="animatorũ">animatorum</expan> proprium e&longs;t, à &longs;e ip&longs;is po&longs;&longs;e agitari: & alibi.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Omne corpus ait, cui motus extrin&longs;ecus accidit, inanime <lb/>e&longs;t: cui intus ex &longs;e ip&longs;o id ine&longs;t, animatum exi&longs;tit: tamquam <lb/>hæc animæ natura &longs;it. </s> <s>Quod &longs;i ita e&longs;t, vt non &longs;it aliud quic­<lb/>quam, quod &longs;e ip&longs;um moueat præter animam, nece&longs;&longs;ariò in <lb/>genita, & immortalis est anima.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Ex quibus Aristotelis argumentum na&longs;citur: illud e&longs;t in <lb/>hanc formam redactum.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Omne quod à &longs;e ip&longs;o per &longs;e propriè mouetur, anima viuit, <lb/>vt animalia.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Elementa anima non viuunt, vt animalia.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Ergo elementa à&longs;e ip&longs;is propriè non mouentur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><pb xlink:href="011/01/161.jpg" pagenum="141"/><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Secundo Ari&longs;toteles idem probat, & ait. </s> <s>Omne quod per <lb/>se propriè mouetur, per se propriè quie&longs;cit, cum ei placet ne <lb/>&longs;i quid ob&longs;tet, sed elementa per se propriè non quie&longs;cunt, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <lb/>eis placet; immo quou&longs;que ad proprium naturalemque <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> <lb/>peruenerint, continuo motu agitantur, ni&longs;i impediantur: ergo <lb/>elementa per se propriè non mouentur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Maior propo&longs;itio duobus modis probatur: primus quod <lb/>natura æquè e&longs;t principium motus, & &longs;tatus illius, in quo e&longs;t: <lb/>vt docuit Aristoteles libro &longs;ecundo phy&longs;icorum particula ter <lb/>tia. </s> <s>Ergo elementa, &longs;i per &longs;e propriè à natura mouentur, per <lb/>&longs;e <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> & propriè ab eadem natura quie&longs;cent: diximus enim <lb/>non semel &longs;upra; idem e&longs;&longs;e principium motus, & quietis.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Secundo eadem maior probatur: in elementis <expan abbr="nullã">nullam</expan> e&longs;&longs;e re <lb/>&longs;i&longs;tentiam intrin&longs;ecam est supra demon&longs;tratum de &longs;ententia <lb/>Ari&longs;totelis libro quarto <expan abbr="phy&longs;icorũ">phy&longs;icorum</expan>. </s> <s>At qui ea, in quibus nulla <lb/>e&longs;t intrin&longs;eca re&longs;i&longs;tentia, & &longs;e ip&longs;a, & per se propriè &longs;i&longs;tere <lb/>nequeunt, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> eis libuerit: ergo vera e&longs;t propo&longs;itio maior, quæ <lb/>dicit, omne quod per se mouetur propriè quie&longs;cit, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> ei placet.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Non obstat perpetua cæli agitatio à nulla quiete interce­<lb/>pta, quod natura de cæle&longs;tibus globis, & de corporibus &longs;ubcæle <lb/>stibus <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="&longs;ecundũ">&longs;ecundum</expan> <expan abbr="ration&etilde;">rationem</expan> <expan abbr="eãdem">eandem</expan> <expan abbr="eid&etilde;">eidem</expan> nomini <expan abbr="cõgruent&etilde;">congruentem</expan>, quod <lb/>e&longs;t vniuoce, &longs;ed ad <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan>, & ad <expan abbr="vnã">vnam</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, quod e&longs;t analogicè, <lb/>dicatur, vt cætera &longs;ilentio inuoluantur, quæ hac de re ab Ale <lb/>xadro, Themi&longs;tio, Simplicio, Phylopono, Auerroe, et aliis om <lb/>nibus probatissimis philo&longs;ophis <expan abbr="&longs;cribũtur">&longs;cribuntur</expan> in definitione naturæ.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Tertio Ari&longs;toteles eodem in loco &longs;extam hanc propo&longs;itio­<lb/>nem hoc argumento confirmat. </s> <s>Omne quod à &longs;e ip&longs;o propriè <lb/>mouetur, ad contraria loca mouetur: quæ &longs;unt &longs;ur&longs;um, deor­<lb/>&longs;um, ante, & ponè, dextrum, & &longs;ini&longs;trum: &longs;ed elementa ad <expan abbr="cõ">com</expan> <lb/>traria loca non feruntur. </s> <s>Ergo elementa à &longs;e ip&longs;is per &longs;e pro-<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/162.jpg" pagenum="142"/><emph type="italics"/>priè non mouentur: maior e&longs;t inductione manife&longs;ta, Animal <lb/>enim omne à &longs;e per &longs;e propriè mouetur; ideo ad omnem loci <lb/>differentiam fertur. </s> <s>Maior etiam notissima est; & eius &longs;um <lb/>ma veritas ex eo con&longs;tat, quod grauia elementa deor&longs;um tan­<lb/>tum, & non sur&longs;um, & leuia sur&longs;um tantum, & non deor&longs;um <lb/>à natura incitantur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Dicet quis: Ignis ad communem concaui lunæ locum à &longs;e <lb/>ip&longs;o ferri æquè potest, perindeac terra in &longs;ingulas centri par­<lb/>tes de&longs;cendere valent: ergo ad omnes loci differentias, etiam <lb/>contrarias datum est illis à natura vt ferantur: ergo fal&longs;um <lb/>est id, quod vt verum a&longs;&longs;ump&longs;imus, elementa ad contraria <lb/>loca non ferri.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Ei qui hac ratione di&longs;putauerit, re&longs;ponderemus: Ignis licet <lb/>ad communem concaui lunæ locum, & ad &longs;ingulas loci illius <lb/>differentias licet vi, naturaque &longs;ua ferri æquè possit: & terra <lb/>licet in omnem centri partem concitari valeat, ignis tamen <lb/>extra proprium locum po&longs;itus &longs;ic comparatus est à natura, <lb/>vt de&longs;cendere nequeat; &longs;ed tantum vt possit &longs;ur&longs;um a&longs;cende­<lb/>re: terræitem extra proprium locum con&longs;titutæ a&longs;cendere <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb/>datur, &longs;ednatura de&longs;cendere tantum ei donatur: quapropter <lb/>non ad omnes loci differentias grauia, & leuia feruntur; &longs;ed <lb/>ad terminatas, & à natura statutas.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Quarto eadem propo&longs;itio hoc argumento ab Ari&longs;totele eo­<lb/>dem loco confirmatur: Nullum continuum, per &longs;e propriè à <lb/>&longs;e ip&longs;o mouetur, elementum quodlibet e&longs;t continuum: ergo nul <lb/>lum elementum per &longs;e propriè à &longs;e ip&longs;o mouetur: maior propo <lb/>&longs;itio probatur: dum minor quia nata, intacta derelinquitur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Quod à &longs;e ip&longs;o per &longs;e propriè mouetur, in <expan abbr="part&etilde;">partem</expan> per &longs;e mo­<lb/>tam, & in partem per &longs;e mouentem nece&longs;&longs;ariò diuiditur; cum <lb/>omne, quod mouetur motorem à &longs;e ip&longs;o distinctum habeat, vt<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/163.jpg" pagenum="143"/><emph type="italics"/>grauiter, & acutè demostrant Aristoteles in ip&longs;omet ve&longs;tibu <lb/>lo libri &longs;eptimi <expan abbr="phy&longs;icorũ">phy&longs;icorum</expan>: Sed elementa in partem per &longs;e mo­<lb/>tam, & in partem per &longs;e mouentem non diuiduntur: ergo ele <lb/>menta à &longs;emetip&longs;is per &longs;e non mouentur. </s> <s>Minor huius po­<lb/>&longs;tremi argumenti probatur: & primo, quia in partem per &longs;e <lb/>motam, & in partem per &longs;e mouentem diuidi, est <expan abbr="animatorũ">animatorum</expan> <lb/>proprium. </s> <s>Secundo quia ex prima materia, quæ e&longs;t prima <lb/>facultas, & ex forma omnium formarum imperfectissima in <lb/>ter &longs;ubstantiam, & accidens, media, vt author e&longs;t Auerroes <lb/>libro tertio de cælo commentatione vige&longs;imaoctaua, & &longs;exage <lb/>&longs;ima&longs;eptima, elementa conflantur: quæ duæ naturæ actu non <lb/>existentes nec per &longs;e mouere, nec per &longs;e moueri po&longs;&longs;unt: non er <lb/>go à &longs;e per &longs;e propriè elementa mouentur: qua de re fit, vt ab <lb/>alio moueantur: ni&longs;i fortè malis, eadem à nullo moueri: quod <lb/>est tam fal&longs;um, quam fal&longs;issimum, & tam ab&longs;urdum, quam <lb/>ab&longs;urdissimum: & in his; quibus sen&longs;us iudicium aduer&longs;atur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Hactenus omnia ab&longs;oluimus, quæ ad primam &longs;extæ huius <lb/>propo&longs;itionis partem confirmandam pertinebant: nunc ad &longs;e­<lb/>cundam eius dem sextæ propo&longs;itionis partem probandam ag­<lb/>grediamur, vt nihil non confirmatum derelinquatur. </s> <s>Cum ita <lb/>que dictum &longs;it: elementa moueri à &longs;e per accidens, id est à <lb/>nobis hoc loco confirmandum.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Forma ergo à qua elementum moueri affirmauimus, gene <lb/>rante, & remouente impedimentum, & medio indiget, ad cu­<lb/>ius medij motum & forma ip&longs;a <expan abbr="mou&etilde;s">mouens</expan> mouetur. </s> <s>Ergo totum <lb/>elementum &longs;e per accidens mouet, ad motum certè alterius, <lb/>id est medij, & generantis, & impedimentum auferentis, <lb/>quod non e&longs;t moueri per &longs;e, sed per accidens.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Modus istæ mouendi &longs;e per accidens, &longs;impliciter intelli­<lb/>gendus non e&longs;t, sed elementa per accidens moueri quodam-<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/164.jpg" pagenum="144"/><emph type="italics"/>modo dici po&longs;&longs;unt. </s> <s>Illud namque propriè, & &longs;impliciter per <lb/>accidens mouetur, quod ita mouetur &longs;icut is, qui aut in cur&longs;u, <lb/>aut in naui, aut in equo vehitur, & perinde at que id, quod <lb/>in orbem conuer&longs;ione rotundator quetur, aut à trahente tra­<lb/>hitur: aut in partem aliam, & <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> rarò aduer&longs;am impellitur: <lb/>id quod intelligere licet ex his, quæ ab Aristotele memoriæ <lb/>tradita fuerunt &longs;eptimo de phy&longs;ico auditu particula decima, <lb/>& octauo eiu&longs;dem particula vige&longs;ima&longs;eptima: & primo de <lb/>anima particula trige&longs;ima&longs;eptima: quæ omnia per accidens <lb/>propriè moueri ibi dicuntur: ideo per &longs;e hi&longs;ce motionum &longs;pe­<lb/>ciebus nullo modo aguntur, sed aliis, & longè diuer&longs;is: id <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb/>elementis v&longs;u veniret, vt aliquo certè istorum motuum hoc <lb/>modo mouerentur, &longs;i per accidens propriè concit arentur: at <lb/>nulla harum motionum &longs;pecie, nullo que horum modo agitan­<lb/>tur: ergo per accidens propriè non mouentur, sed tantum mi­<lb/>nus propriè.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Confirmatur: &longs;i elementa per accidens &longs;impliciter, & pro <lb/>priè mouerentur: ni mirum oporteret elementa per &longs;e neque <lb/>&longs;ur&longs;um ferri, neque deor&longs;um, <expan abbr="verũ">verum</expan> inhærere aliquibus, quæ il­<lb/>lis motibus &longs;ur&longs;um, & deor&longs;um per &longs;e agitarentur: constat <lb/>autem elementa non ita moueri, &longs;ed ip&longs;a, aut &longs;ur&longs;um, quo le­<lb/>uia; aut deor&longs;um, quo grauia, &longs;uopte proprio nixu tendere: <lb/>Ergo non &longs;impliciter, per accidens mouentur, &longs;ed alio modo <lb/>tantum, id est minus propriè.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Neque fingere aliud <expan abbr="quippiã">quippiam</expan> licet, in quo <expan abbr="hæreãt">hæreant</expan>: & quod <lb/>iis motibus, per &longs;e moueantur: nam illud, quod nam e&longs;&longs;et, mi­<lb/>nimè inueniretur, quantamuis &longs;ummam diligentiam in eo ex <lb/>quirendo adhibere volueris. </s> <s>Aliquo modo tamen elementa <lb/>per accidens mouentur: quoniam medium di&longs;rumpitur, & <lb/>elementorum nixu diuiditur: ideo quò citius medium &longs;ectum<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/165.jpg" pagenum="145"/><emph type="italics"/>fuerit, eo celerius elementa mouebuntur: &longs;ine cuius medij di­<lb/>ui&longs;ione, & di&longs;&longs;ectatione elementa nulla vm quam ratione mo­<lb/>uebuntur: quapropter per accidens elementa mouentur ad <lb/>medij &longs;cilicet diui&longs;ionem, ac &longs;ectionem: mouentur etiam <lb/>per accidens, quia &longs;ine motu generantis, &longs;ine motu illius, quod <lb/>impedimentum tollit, & &longs;ine motu medij in partes diui&longs;i ele­<lb/>menta non mouentur: aguntur etiam per accidens, quia in <lb/><expan abbr="elem&etilde;tis">elementis</expan> nullus est motus, ni&longs;i quatenus illis accidit, aut extra <lb/>proprium locum ex aliena materia, vt generentur, aut violen <lb/>tiam pa&longs;&longs;a, extra propria loca extru&longs;a, ad ea vt ferantur, &longs;i­<lb/>ne quibus, aut omnibus, aut quibusdam, elementa nullo natu­<lb/>rali motu ciebuntur: hac ergo ratione, id est minus propriè ele <lb/>menta naturali motu cieri à &longs;e per accidens, non iniuria dice­<lb/>re po&longs;&longs;umus.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head"> <s>Elementa à &longs;e per &longs;e moueri, & e&longs;t &longs;eptima pro­<lb/>po&longs;itio. </s> <s>Cap. XXXII.<!-- KEEP S--></s> </p><p type="main"> <s>ELEMENTORVM <emph type="italics"/>hanc e&longs;&longs;e naturam, vt à &longs;e non <lb/>tantum, per accidens vt nuper demon&longs;trauimus, sed & <lb/>per &longs;e moueri, nunc demon&longs;trabimus, & primo. </s> <s>Omnis <lb/>motus naturalis ab intrin&longs;eco principio primam &longs;ui ortus ori­<lb/>ginem repetit. </s> <s>Sed elementorum motus e&longs;t naturalis: ergo eo <lb/>rumdem motus ab intrin&longs;eco principio primam &longs;ui ortus origi <lb/>nem repetit. </s> <s>Hic motus non à materia na&longs;citur: quia ip&longs;a, <lb/>cum non &longs;it in actu non mouet: ergo à forma, cuius est moue­<lb/>re, cum &longs;it actus libro &longs;ecundo de generatione, & interitu par <lb/>ticula quinquage&longs;imatertia; & tertio phy&longs;icorum particula <lb/>decima&longs;eptima, &longs;ed quod à propria forma mouetur, per &longs;e à &longs;e <lb/>metip&longs;o mouetur: ergo <expan abbr="elem&etilde;ta">elementa</expan> ea, per &longs;e à &longs;emetip&longs;is <expan abbr="mou&etilde;tur">mouentur</expan>.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><pb xlink:href="011/01/166.jpg" pagenum="146"/><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Elementa à &longs;e ip&longs;is &longs;uarum motionum intrin&longs;ecum habere <lb/>principium confirmatur auctoritate Ari&longs;totelis libro quarto <lb/>de cælo particula vige&longs;imaquarta, vbi po&longs;ita &longs;imilitudine in­<lb/>ter ea, quæ ad locum mouentur, & inter ea quæ alterantur, <lb/>differentidm nanci&longs;citur, & ait. </s> <s>Quæ ad locum cientur, & <lb/>aut grauia &longs;unt, aut leuia, ab his, quæ alterantur, hoc potissi­<lb/>mum differunt: quod hæc, quæ locum mutant in &longs;e ip&longs;is, mo­<lb/>tus &longs;ui principium habent, quippe quod naturaliter, ac &longs;ua <lb/>&longs;ponte moueantur: illa vero, quæ qualitatem, & <expan abbr="quantitat&etilde;">quantitatem</expan> <lb/>mutant, non in &longs;e, sed extrin&longs;ecus adueniens <expan abbr="hab&etilde;t">habent</expan> motus prin <lb/>cipium, &c. </s> <s>ergo de &longs;ententia Ari&longs;totelis in hoc loco elemen­<lb/>ta ab intrin&longs;eco motore concitantur: ergo à &longs;e per &longs;e natura­<lb/>li motu cientur. </s> <s>Confirmatur. <!-- KEEP S--></s> <s>Non pote&longs;t (ait Auerroes) <lb/>libro primo de cælo particula duodeuige&longs;ima) numerari cor­<lb/>pus naturale, cuius motus non vt naturalis, &longs;ed elementa cor­<lb/>pora &longs;unt naturalia. </s> <s>Ergo elementorum motus e&longs;t naturalis, <lb/>&longs;ed motus naturalis fit à natura, quæ est per &longs;e <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> mo­<lb/>tus intrin&longs;ecum. </s> <s>Ergo elementa per &longs;e ab intrin&longs;eco principio, <lb/>quod e&longs;t natura mouentur: ergo à &longs;e per &longs;e: <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> obrem Auer­<lb/>roes addidit, vniuer&longs;aliter manifestum est, eorum motum <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e per &longs;e, & mox ait Auerroes: nece&longs;&longs;e est verificare in hoc <lb/>loco, quod motus elementorum non e&longs;t ab extrin&longs;eco: quamuis <lb/>manifestum &longs;it per &longs;e. </s> <s>Cum itaque manife&longs;tum &longs;it elementa <lb/>non moueri ab extrin&longs;eco: & notum &longs;it ita, vt nulli &longs;ua do­<lb/>mus nota magis, elementa moueri: exploratum etiam erit ab <lb/>mtrin&longs;eco principio eadem naturali motu cieri. </s> <s>Sed <expan abbr="intrin&longs;ecũ">intrin&longs;ecum</expan> <lb/>principium est per &longs;e principium: ergo mouentur à &longs;e per &longs;e.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Confirmatur ex Auerrois explanatione libro &longs;ecundo phy <lb/>&longs;icorum <expan abbr="cõmentatione">commentatione</expan> prima: vbi Aristoteles ait. </s> <s>Quæ natu <lb/>ra constant, omnia intra &longs;emetip&longs;a motus, & status princi-<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/167.jpg" pagenum="147"/><emph type="italics"/>pium habent, &c. </s> <s>Scrip&longs;it Auerroes dum Ari&longs;totelis dicta <lb/>expo&longs;uit. </s> <s>Non inuenitur corpus &longs;implex, quod alteretur ex <lb/>&longs;e, aut quod generetur ex &longs;e, &longs;icut inuenitur corpus &longs;implex, <lb/>quod ex loco ad locum transfertur ex &longs;e, Idem literis con&longs;i­<lb/>gnauit Auerroes libro quarto de cælo commentatione vige&longs;i­<lb/>maquarta, & non rarò alibi. </s> <s>Perindeac &longs;i Auerroes affir­<lb/>mare volui&longs;&longs;et, quod nam &longs;it id, quod inter mobile interest; & <lb/>inter id corpus quod gignitur, & alteratur: ac dixi&longs;&longs;et. </s> <s>Ni­<lb/>hil se per &longs;e aut gignit, aut alterat, &longs;edomne, quod vel gigni­<lb/>tur, vel alternatur, extrin&longs;eco alternante indiget: & quod <lb/>graue est, aut leue, extrin&longs;eco mouente non eget, &longs;ed à &longs;e per <lb/>&longs;e &longs;uopte nixu, aut &longs;ur&longs;um, aut deor&longs;um fertur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Confirmatur. <!-- KEEP S--></s> <s>Omne motum à &longs;ua natura est motum à &longs;e <lb/>per &longs;e, vt dixit Auerroes libro tertio de cæio commentatione <lb/>vige&longs;ima, & duodetrige&longs;ima, & ex definitione naturæ editæ <lb/>libro &longs;ecundo Phy&longs;icorum.<emph.end type="italics"/><!-- KEEP S--></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Sed elementum e&longs;t à &longs;ua natura motum, non à materia, <lb/>quam non mouere &longs;upra diximus: ergo à &longs;ua forma, quæ lon <lb/>gè verius e&longs;t natura, quam materia, libro secundo <expan abbr="Phy&longs;icorũ">Phy&longs;icorum</expan> <lb/>particula duodecima, & quinto Diuinorum capite de natu­<lb/>ra: ergo elementum e&longs;t motum à &longs;e per &longs;e.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Confirmatur ex his, quæ dicta &longs;unt ab Ari&longs;totele libro se <lb/>cundo de cælo particula &longs;eptuage&longs;imaquinta de cau&longs;a quietis <lb/>terræ, quam in di&longs;qui&longs;itionem accer&longs;ciuit & explo&longs;is complu <lb/>ribus antiquorum fal&longs;is opinionibus, &longs;uam postremò &longs;enten­<lb/>tiam con&longs;tituit, dum ait. </s> <s>Eadem est cau&longs;a quietis terræ, & <lb/>motus illius. </s> <s>Sed propria terræ natura, quæ est grauitas, est <lb/>cau&longs;a quietis in terra: ergo propria terræ natura, quæ e&longs;t gra<lb/>uitas, & est cau&longs;a motus illius. </s> <s>Grauitas enim, & leuitas, <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> <lb/>quam elementorum naturæ non &longs;unt, accidentia tamen pro-<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/168.jpg" pagenum="148"/><emph type="italics"/>pria e&longs;&longs;e <expan abbr="c&etilde;&longs;entur">cen&longs;entur</expan>: quæ <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> formas, & natur as nece&longs;&longs;a <lb/>riò &longs;equuntur, & ex principiis primis intrin&longs;ecis at que imme <lb/>diatis &longs;pecierum, vt aquæ ex propriis fontibus manant: gra­<lb/>uitati, & leuitati elementorum motus, tum ab Ari&longs;totele, <lb/>tum ab aliis compluribus, quorum nomina &longs;upra retulimus, <lb/>tribuuntur, & formarum loco v&longs;urpantur: quia <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> <lb/>formæ propriis nominibus carent, vt in principio diximus: er­<lb/>go elementa à &longs;e per &longs;e mouentur ab eadem grauitate, & le­<lb/>uitate, à qua habent vt quie&longs;cant: hæc est per &longs;e cau&longs;a quie­<lb/>tis: ergo erit per &longs;e cau&longs;a motus.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Confirmatur ex Auerroe libro quarto Phy&longs;icorum com­<lb/>mentatione sexage&longs;imanona. </s> <s>Cau&longs;a (ait Auerroes) quietis <lb/>in loco e&longs;t cau&longs;a motus ad locum, cum elementum est extra <lb/>proprium locum, &longs;ed cau&longs;a quietis in loco, est per &longs;e cau&longs;a. <lb/></s> <s>Ergo cau&longs;a motus ad locum est per &longs;e cau&longs;a: quie&longs;cunt enim <lb/>merito grauitatis, & leuitatis, quas e&longs;&longs;e motus per &longs;e cau&longs;as <lb/>e&longs;t sæpe repetitum. </s> <s>Ergo elementa à &longs;e per &longs;e ad proprium lo <lb/>cum mouebuntur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Cofirmatur ex eodem Auerroe libro quinto de phy&longs;ico au <lb/>ditu commentatione sexage&longs;imaquarta, dicente. </s> <s>Quies e&longs;t à <lb/>natura, id e&longs;t à cau&longs;a exi&longs;tente in re, sed cau&longs;a exi&longs;tens in re, <lb/>quæ e&longs;t natura, e&longs;t per &longs;e cau&longs;a: ergo elementa à &longs;e per &longs;e quie­<lb/>&longs;cunt: ergo à &longs;e per &longs;e mouentur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Confirmatur ex libro <expan abbr="&longs;ecũdo">&longs;ecundo</expan> de cælo commentatione octua­<lb/>ge&longs;ima, & nonage&longs;ima&longs;ecunda, & cente&longs;ima&longs;ecunda: vbi <lb/>Auerroes hæc ad verbum &longs;cripta reliquit. </s> <s>Cau&longs;a quietis ter­<lb/>ræ non est ni&longs;i eius differentia. </s> <s>Ergo cau&longs;a motus terræ non <lb/>erit ni&longs;i illius differentia; Sed differentia per &longs;e de eo cuius e&longs;t <lb/>differentia dicetur. </s> <s>Ergo cau&longs;a motus terræ per &longs;e de terra di <lb/>cetur. </s> <s>Ergo terra, & quod libet aliud elementum, quod à pro<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/169.jpg" pagenum="149"/><emph type="italics"/>pria differentia mouetur à &longs;e per &longs;e mouetur, quod proban­<lb/>dum a&longs;&longs;ump&longs;imus.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head"> <s>Elementorum motum non à materia, quæ e&longs;t prin <lb/>cipium, quod patitur, &longs;ed à forma, quæ e&longs;t <lb/>principium, quodagit, dicinatura­<lb/>lem. </s> <s>Cap. XXXIII.<!-- KEEP S--></s> </p><p type="main"> <s>VTRVM <emph type="italics"/>ne elementorum motus &longs;it naturalis à forma, <lb/>quæ tantum facit: an verò materia, quæ motum à for <lb/>ma factum accipit, grauis controuer&longs;ia e&longs;t inter Ari­<lb/>stotelis expo&longs;itores, eo&longs;dèm præ&longs;extim, qui inter illos primos te <lb/>nent. </s> <s>Simplicius (vt complures latinos, qui &longs;tant à parte illius <lb/>con&longs;ulto omittamus) libro octauo Phy&longs;icorum particula trige <lb/>&longs;ima&longs;ecundaid tribuit elementis ratione principij, quod pati­<lb/>tur: cuius hæc ferè&longs;unt verba.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Cum elementa à &longs;e ip&longs;is actiuè non moueantur; sed ab aliis <lb/>extrin&longs;ecis: rationi <expan abbr="con&longs;entaneũ">con&longs;entaneum</expan> e&longs;t, vt <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> motus natu <lb/>ralis &longs;it, propter <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> intrin&longs;ecum <expan abbr="passiuũ">passiuum</expan>: natura enim <lb/>e&longs;t <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> <expan abbr="intrin&longs;ecũmotus">intrin&longs;ecummotus</expan>, & <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="extrin&longs;ecũ">extrin&longs;ecum</expan>: &longs;upere&longs;t ergo <lb/>vt <expan abbr="horũ">horum</expan> motus &longs;it naturalis à passiuo principio, quod e&longs;t mate­<lb/>ria: non solum enim id, quod mouet, dicitur in &longs;e ip&longs;o habere <lb/>principium motus; sed <expan abbr="etiãid">etianid</expan>, quod mouetur, habet id quoque <lb/><expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> motus: immo proculdubio magis. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nom&etilde;">Nomen</expan> enim motus <lb/>e&longs;t <expan abbr="cõmune">commune</expan> multorum, tam <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan>, quæ mouent, <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan>, quæ <lb/>mouentur, immo in eo quod mouetur est motus, & non in eo <lb/>quod mouet; vt libroiii. </s> <s>de phy&longs;ico auditu dixit Ari&longs;toteles. <lb/><!-- KEEP S--></s> <s>Motus e&longs;t actus mobilis, & <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> mouentis. </s> <s>Ei ergo, quo mouetur <lb/>magis <expan abbr="cõuenit">conuenit</expan> motus, <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> ei quod mouet. </s> <s>Dicuntur <expan abbr="aũt">aunt</expan> corpo­<lb/>ra naturalia habere <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> <expan abbr="intrin&longs;ecũ">intrin&longs;ecum</expan>, vt moueantur, quod<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/170.jpg" pagenum="150"/><emph type="italics"/>facultatem babent, & inclinationem, vt in id moueantur; in <lb/>quod, dum <expan abbr="mou&etilde;tur">mouentur</expan>, ab aliquo hoc motu <expan abbr="mou&etilde;tur">mouentur</expan>, cuius <expan abbr="prin-cipiũ">prin­<lb/>cipium</expan> habent: <expan abbr="in&longs;itũ">in&longs;itum</expan> enim e&longs;&longs;e à natura, vt aliquod moueatur <lb/>aliquo motu e&longs;t habere <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> talis motus: quemadmodum <lb/>qui docilis e&longs;t, & natura captus ad philo&longs;ophiam, habet prin­<lb/>cipium philo&longs;ophiæ non vt alium philo&longs;ophum faciat, sed vt <lb/>ip&longs;æ fiat philo&longs;ophus. </s> <s>Ergo elementum, quod naturali motu <lb/>aut &longs;ur&longs;um, aut deor&longs;um mouetur; ideo naturaliter moueri di <lb/>citur, quia à natura in&longs;itum habet &longs;ui motus passiuum princi <lb/>prium, & non actiuum. </s> <s>Hæc Simplicius ferè ad verbum: <expan abbr="&longs;en-tentiã">&longs;en­<lb/>tentiam</expan> eamdem habet. </s> <s>Theodorus Metochites eodem in loco.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Propter <expan abbr="Platon&etilde;">Platonem</expan> id fortè&longs;en&longs;it Simplicius; cuius &longs;ententias <lb/>mordicus tenuit: ratus e&longs;t enim ex Diuini Platonis vberrimis <lb/>fontibus <expan abbr="philo&longs;ophiã">philo&longs;ophiam</expan> vniuer&longs;am e&longs;&longs;e hauriendam, quæ à mate <lb/>ria, quæ eadem &longs;emper manet, & vnde omnia generantur; & <lb/>non à forma, quæ &longs;æpenumero variatur, res &longs;ingulas e&longs;&longs;e ap­<lb/>pellandas in Timæo &longs;crip&longs;it: idque hoc vno auri exemplo con <lb/>firmauit, dum dixit. </s> <s>Va&longs;a omnia aurea, licet diuer&longs;as for­<lb/>mas habeant, <expan abbr="tam&etilde;aurum">tamenaurum</expan> verè appellantur, quia aurum ex <lb/>quo omnia va&longs;a fiunt, &longs;emper e&longs;t idem: va&longs;a, quia illorum for <lb/>ma &longs;ubinde mutatur, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> sunt semper eadem; eam ob cau&longs;am <lb/>nomen <expan abbr="mutãt">mutant</expan>. </s> <s>Idem fortè Simplicius de grauibus, & leuibus <lb/>elementis dicendum e&longs;&longs;e cen&longs;uit, in quibus materia &longs;emper e&longs;t <lb/>eadem, licet forma mutetur: ideo ab eadem elementorum ma <lb/>teria, quæ manet, & non à forma, quæ variatur, <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> <lb/>motum naturalem dici, ex diuiui Platonis fontibus Simpli­<lb/>cius hau&longs;it.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Ex eadem fonte manat alter quorumdam error, qui na­<lb/>turam de materia tantum primo dici crediderunt, & de for­<lb/>ma non ni&longs;ipropter materiam: eam ob rem in hos, & in alios<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/171.jpg" pagenum="151"/><emph type="italics"/>grauissimos errores fedissimè lap&longs;i fuerunt. </s> <s>Huic <expan abbr="tamen&longs;en-t&etilde;tiæ">tamen&longs;en­<lb/>tentiæ</expan> reclamat Ari&longs;toteles libro &longs;ecundo <expan abbr="Phy&longs;icorũ">Phy&longs;icorum</expan> particula <lb/>&longs;eptima, vbi multis grauissimis argumentis Antifontem acer <lb/>rimè vrget, qui rebatur materiam tantum, & non formam <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e naturam; vnde nece&longs;&longs;ariò &longs;equebatur à materia, & non à <lb/>forma motum dicinaturalem: ideo particula duodecima fa­<lb/>cta comparatione inter materiam, & formam naturam de <lb/>vtriu&longs;que dici con&longs;tantissimè affirmauit; &longs;ed primo, at que po­<lb/>tissimum de forma, po&longs;tremò de materia; idque non vno tan­<lb/>tum, &longs;ed multis argumentis confirmari potest; quorum pri­<lb/>mum illud e&longs;t.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Ca&longs;um, & fortunam, quæ est cau&longs;a, quæ per accidens ope <lb/>ratur, ad naturam perindeac ad cau&longs;am per se Ari&longs;toteles <lb/>redigit. </s> <s>Porrò ca&longs;us e&longs;t cau&longs;a efficiens, & non materialis: <lb/>ergo & natura, ad quam ca&longs;us redigitur, erit cau&longs;a efficiens: <lb/>ergo natura non tantum de eo principio, quod patitur, &longs;ed de <lb/>eo, quod agit, dicitur: Ari&longs;toteles intextu ita apertè loquitur; <lb/>vt effugere nemo possit, quin credat, deceptum fui&longs;&longs;e, qui con <lb/>trarium &longs;entit: idque non modo affirmat, sed & argumento <lb/>efficaci confirmat dicens. </s> <s>Vnaquaque res tum denique dici­<lb/>tur e&longs;&longs;e, cum re ip&longs;a, & actu e&longs;t potius quam cum e&longs;&longs;e pote&longs;t. <lb/></s> <s>Ergo forma, cuius cau&longs;ares in actu e&longs;t, naturæ potius nomi­<lb/>ne, quam materia, propter quam res e&longs;&longs;e tantum potest, ap­<lb/>pellanda est: ex quibus quis non videat naturam primo, & <lb/>potissimum dici de forma, & po&longs;tremò de materia, & propter <lb/><expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, & non propter <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, tantum, <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> dici <expan abbr="natural&etilde;">naturalem</expan>?<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Secundo generatio e&longs;t natura, quia e&longs;t via, quæ ducit ad <lb/>naturam, vt generatio non ad materiam, sed ad formam du­<lb/>cit, quod forma, & non materia vltimus generationis termi­<lb/>nus &longs;it; ad quem gener atio tendit: ergo forma e&longs;t primo, &<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/172.jpg" pagenum="152"/><emph type="italics"/>potissimum natura, & à forma motus naturalis appellatur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Tertio; &longs;inatura de materiali <expan abbr="tantũ">tantum</expan> principio diceretur, <lb/>terra naturaliter a&longs;cenderet, & ignis naturaliter de&longs;cende­<lb/>ret, quia terræ materia &longs;ic comparata e&longs;t, vt a&longs;cendere possit, <lb/>& ignis materia &longs;ic instituta e&longs;t, vt de&longs;cendere valeat. </s> <s>Mate <lb/>ria non minus advnum, quam ad alium motu, & priorinon <lb/>raro contrarium naturalem inclinationem habet: forma ea <lb/>e&longs;t quæ adhunc, vel illum motum propen&longs;ionem materiæ præ <lb/>stat, &longs;int qua forma materiæ vis, non magis ad <expan abbr="hũc">hunc</expan>, quem ad <lb/>illum motum inclinatur. </s> <s>Nec propterea forma à materia <lb/>non cohercetur, &longs;ed vtramque modo tamen diuer&longs;o cohercet. <lb/></s> <s>Forma, materiam ad omnem motum &longs;uapte natura propen­<lb/>&longs;am ad motum vnum, eumdemque determinatum cohibet. <lb/></s> <s>Materia è contra formam, quæ neque loco illi à quo & ad <lb/>quem, aut tempori, per quod moueat, obnoxia est; certum fi­<lb/>nitumque locum, & tempus contrahit: ita vt altera ab alte­<lb/>ra contrahatur: huius rei &longs;imilitudinem in numeris per&longs;picuè <lb/>intueri licet, in quorum quolibet vnitas multitudinem, ne ad <lb/><expan abbr="indeterminatã">indeterminatam</expan> infinitatem defluat, compe&longs;cit: è contra mul­<lb/>titudo ad certam, definitamque naturam vnitatem definit, & <lb/>contrahit: ideo <expan abbr="Auic&etilde;na">Auicenna</expan> de numero &longs;eptemnario dixit &longs;eptem <lb/>&longs;unt tantum &longs;eptem: & non duo, & quinque: nec tria & <lb/>quatuor; nec &longs;ex, & vnum, quia vnitas multitudinem com­<lb/>pe&longs;cit; certamque ei <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> ad &longs;eptemnarium numerum tri­<lb/>buit, quæ alioqui indeterminata e&longs;t. </s> <s>Vicissim multitudo <expan abbr="vni-tat&etilde;">vni­<lb/>tatem</expan> cohercet, vt propria &longs;eptemnarij numeri fiat, ita vt aliis <lb/>numeris non accomodetur. </s> <s>Eadem fermè ratio in forma, & <lb/>materia cernitur. </s> <s>Forma infinitam <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, ad omnem mo­<lb/>tum inclinatam ad vnum cohibet. </s> <s>Materia vicissim <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> <lb/>ad omnem locum, & ad omne tempus propen&longs;am, cohercet:<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/173.jpg" pagenum="153"/><emph type="italics"/>non enim forma per hunc locum in hoc tempore ab hoc termi <lb/>no, & ad hunc <expan abbr="terminũ">terminum</expan> &longs;ine cohibente materia moueret, quia <lb/>mediis interminatis materiæ coeuis <expan abbr="dim&etilde;&longs;ionibus">dimen&longs;ionibus</expan> materiæ for­<lb/>ma coniungitur, & propter ea&longs;dem ab vno ad vnum per <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> <lb/>terminatur, at que finitur: contra materia &longs;uapte natura in <lb/>definita à fimente, ac terminante forma, & à dimen&longs;ionibus <lb/>terminatis, quæ in materia formam con&longs;equuntur, ac finiunt, <lb/>terminatur, atque finitur: vt copio&longs;issimè docuit Auerroes, <lb/>capite primo de &longs;ubstantia orbis, & &longs;æpenumero alibi.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Quarto. </s> <s>quilibet violentus elementorum motus e&longs;&longs;et natu­<lb/>ralis, cum in quolibet elemento &longs;it materia apta adquemlibet <lb/>motum, vel etiam violentum: at Simplicius ratus e&longs;t elemen­<lb/>torum motum a materia, & propter materiam dicinatura­<lb/>lem: ergo deceptus.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Quinto. </s> <s>mors violenta e&longs;&longs;et naturalis, &longs;inatura de mate­<lb/>ria, aut tantum aut potissimum diceretur, & &longs;i propter ma­<lb/>teriam motus e&longs;&longs;et naturalis: quapropter animal aut mucro <lb/>ne traiectum, aut à lapide ictum, aut à fulmine tactum, aut <lb/>ab igne <expan abbr="cõbu&longs;tum">combu&longs;tum</expan>, aut laqueo &longs;u&longs;pen&longs;um, aut in mare demer­<lb/>&longs;um ita vt ad <expan abbr="extremũ">extremum</expan> interitum duceretur, naturaliter mo­<lb/>ueretur, quod in eo &longs;it materia, quæ hanc violentam <expan abbr="mort&etilde;">mortem</expan>, <lb/>vt alterum, quod non agit principium, &longs;ed &longs;olummodo pati­<lb/>tur, excipit; à quo patiente principio motum naturalèm di­<lb/>ci putant.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Sexto. <!-- KEEP S--></s> <s>quæ ab arte fiunt, quatenus artificio&longs;a &longs;unt, natu­<lb/>rali motu cierentur: quia in eis est materia, à qua, auctore <lb/>Simplicio, motus naturalis nuncupatur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Septimo. <!-- KEEP S--></s> <s>aqua naturaliter calefieret, & ignis <expan abbr="frigiditat&etilde;">frigiditatem</expan> <lb/>natura contraheret, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> in aqua &longs;it materia, &longs;ic à natura com <lb/>parata, vt caliditatem accipere possit, & inigne &longs;it materia<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/174.jpg" pagenum="154"/><emph type="italics"/>ad frigiditatem excipiendam pari modo propen&longs;a.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Octauo. <!-- KEEP S--></s> <s>Aristoteles quarto libro Phy&longs;icorum particula <lb/>octuage&longs;imaquinta vi&longs;us e&longs;t dixi&longs;&longs;e: grauitatem & <expan abbr="leuitat&etilde;">leuitatem</expan>, <lb/>ex parte repugnantiæ contrariæ, quæ in ip&longs;is inuenitur, repu­<lb/>gnantium <expan abbr="motuũ">motuum</expan> e&longs;&longs;e cau&longs;as agentes: ergo elementorum mo­<lb/>tus ab eo principio, quod patitur, naturalis &longs;olummodo non di <lb/>citur, &longs;ed longè etiam magis ab agente.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Nono. </s> <s>Ari&longs;toteles libro &longs;ecundo de cælo particula cente­<lb/>te&longs;imaquarta &longs;criptum reliquit: minorem grauitatem à ma­<lb/>iori grauitate impelli: at non pelleret ni&longs;i vt <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan>, quod <lb/>facit, impelleret: ergo propter id principium, quod facit, ele­<lb/>mentorum motus e&longs;t naturalis.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Decimo. </s> <s>In natura elementorum e&longs;t principium, quod pa <lb/>titur: ergo & principium, quod agit: con&longs;equentia probatur <lb/>ex particula duodeuige&longs;ima tertij libri de anima, vbi in ani­<lb/>ma agentis intellectus necessitatem Aristoteles probat: quod <lb/>in ea, qui patitur intellectus possibilis propterea nuncupatus, <lb/>inueniatur: ergo & in natura elementorum est principium <lb/>motus, quod agit &longs;i in ea e&longs;t principium motus, quod patitur, <lb/>illud non e&longs;t materia: Ergo forma; ergo à forma motus na­<lb/>turalis dicitur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Confirmatur cuilibet per &longs;e agenti principio, principium, <lb/>quod per &longs;e patitur èregione opponitur: de &longs;ententia Ari&longs;to­<lb/>telis libro quinto Diuinorum particula decima&longs;eptima, &longs;ed in <lb/>elementis est, quod patitur principium: ergo in illis princi­<lb/>pium id etiam erit, quod agit.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Vndecimo. <!-- KEEP S--></s> <s>Ari&longs;toteles libro quinto Diuinorum particu­<lb/>la quinta de natura verba facit, & hunc non leuem errorem <lb/>funditus cuertit; ita vt mirandum fuerit, cur &longs;emper & vbi <lb/>que oculatissimus Simplicius <expan abbr="eũdem">eundem</expan> non viderit. </s> <s>Docet enim<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/175.jpg" pagenum="155"/><emph type="italics"/>naturam dici quinque modis. </s> <s>Tertius illæ est: <expan abbr="quiomn&etilde;">quiomnem</expan> &longs;cru <lb/>pulum tollit; cuinon Auerroes &longs;olum, sed & Alexander, & <lb/>complures alij non vulgares philo&longs;ophi &longs;ub&longs;crip&longs;erunt, & in <lb/>eam, quam Aristoteles ibi &longs;crip&longs;it pedibus iuere &longs;ententiam: <lb/>&longs;i Alexandri &longs;it liber illæ, qui &longs;ub <expan abbr="Alexãdrinomine">Alexandrinomine</expan> circum <lb/>fertur; & non Michaelis Ephæ&longs;ii, quem magis quam <expan abbr="Alexã">Alexam</expan> <lb/><expan abbr="drũ">drum</expan> redolet: vt cumque <expan abbr="tam&etilde;">tamen</expan> res &longs;e&longs;e habeat; locus dignus e&longs;t <lb/>qui ad verbum maturè legatur: eumdem nos huc non addu­<lb/>cimus, ne argumentorum multitudo lectoribus nau&longs;eam mo­<lb/>ueat: & ne eo&longs;dem ad no&longs;tra ab Ari&longs;totele auocemus.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Nec Simplicij argumenta aliquod <expan abbr="momentũ">momentum</expan> habent; <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> <lb/>doquidem vtrique principio, & ei certè quod agit, & ei, quod <lb/>patitur in&longs;it motus licetratione diuer&longs;a: in eo, quod agit, prin <lb/>cipio ine&longs;t motus, quia agens principium motum facit: impa­<lb/>tiente principio inest etiam motus, quia quod patitur princi­<lb/>pium, motum ab agente principio factum excipit: vt &longs;anum <lb/>de medicamento &longs;anitatem facientem; & de animali factam <lb/>&longs;anitatem accipiente dicitur ex quarto libro Diuinorum par <lb/>ticula &longs;ecunda. </s> <s>In vtroque <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> principio, &longs;edratione di&longs;pari <lb/>natura inuenitur, id quod tum argumentis magnorum philo­<lb/>&longs;ophorum, tum etiam Ari&longs;totelis potissimum, auctoritate &longs;u­<lb/>praprobauimus. </s> <s>Vtrumque principium e&longs;t intrin&longs;ecum: quo <lb/>niam corpora omnia, quæ natura constant, ex vtroque prin­<lb/>cipio conflantur: ex materia certè, quæ e&longs;t principium, quod <lb/>patitur, & ex forma, quæ est alterum principium, quod agit <lb/>& omnia naturalia corpora principium habent, non tantum <lb/>vt moueantur, sed vt moueant etiam: non &longs;ecus ac philo&longs;ophiæ <lb/>principium & in eo est, qui docet, & in eo, qui addi&longs;cit, licee <lb/>ratione diuer&longs;a: hallucinatus est ergo Simplicius, & eius <expan abbr="ar-gum&etilde;ta">ar­<lb/>gumenta</expan> non <expan abbr="tantũ">tantum</expan> fal&longs;itate, sed & debilitate victa <expan abbr="laba&longs;cũt">laba&longs;cunt</expan>.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><pb xlink:href="011/01/176.jpg" pagenum="156"/><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Primò. </s> <s>quidem fal&longs;um a&longs;&longs;umit cum dicit: elementa à &longs;e <lb/>ip&longs;is actiuè non moueri, sed & aliis extrin&longs;ecis, perindeac &longs;i <lb/>nihil ab extrin&longs;eco, & ab intrin&longs;eco &longs;imul moueri possit: prin­<lb/>cipium enim extrin&longs;ecum elementa mouens, ab illis <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> <lb/>intrin&longs;ecum à quo moueantur, non excludit: in lapide, quod <lb/>ex &longs;uperiore loco deor&longs;um violentia truditur, e&longs;t <expan abbr="vtrũque">vtrunque</expan> prin <lb/>cipium, quod extrin&longs;ecus vim infert, ac trudit; est & lapidis <lb/>natura quæcumque &longs;it illa; quæ lapidem deor&longs;um &longs;pontè du­<lb/>cit, ergo & extrin&longs;ecum principium, <expan abbr="dome&longs;ticũ">dome&longs;ticum</expan>, at que intrin­<lb/>&longs;ecum principium &longs;ecum tolerat.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Fal&longs;um est etiam id quod constantissimè affirmauerat, <lb/>dum dixer at: corpora naturalia habere principium, vt mo­<lb/>ueantur passiuum; quia facultatem habent, & c. <!-- KEEP S--></s> <s>non enim <lb/>propter eam &longs;olam facultatem, qua <expan abbr="elem&etilde;ta">elementa</expan> moueri po&longs;&longs;unt, <lb/>eadem principium habent, vt moueantur, &longs;ed propter vim <lb/>agendi mouentem, naturalia corpora habent, vt ab eadem <lb/>mouendi facultate moueantur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Fal&longs;um est etiam id, quod dixerat: philo&longs;ophum non ha­<lb/>bere principium, vt alium philo&longs;ophum faciat, sed tantum vt <lb/>ip&longs;æ fiat philo&longs;ophus: Cum experientia rerum magistra, nos <lb/>doceat: bonum citharœdum non ni&longs;i à bono citharœdo fieri, <lb/>& bonum <expan abbr="philo&longs;ophũ">philo&longs;ophum</expan> non ni&longs;i à bono philo&longs;opho fieri, vt Theo­<lb/>phra&longs;tus ab Ari&longs;totele, Ari&longs;toteles à Platone, & Plato à <lb/>Socrate didicit: & boni po&longs;teriores philo&longs;ophi à bonis priori­<lb/>bus philo&longs;ophis facti fuerunt. </s> <s>Huc afferri quam aptissimè <lb/>pote&longs;tillud, quod veteri prouerbio fertur. </s> <s>Boni corui bonum <lb/>ouum. </s> <s>Philo&longs;ophus itaque, qui aptus e&longs;tnatura ad philo&longs;o­<lb/>phiam, non &longs;olum habet principium, vt ip&longs;æ fiat philo&longs;ophus, <lb/>sed etiam vt alium philo&longs;ophum faciat: po&longs;t quam ip&longs;æ prius <lb/>factus e&longs;t philo&longs;ophus: ideo Aristoteles libro primo Diuino-<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/177.jpg" pagenum="157"/><emph type="italics"/>rum dixit: &longs;ignum &longs;cientis e&longs;t alios po&longs;&longs;e docere.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Veritate tamen aliquando coactus Simplicius dixit. </s> <s>No­<lb/>men motus e&longs;&longs;e commune multorum, tam eius &longs;cilicet quod <lb/>mouet; quam eius, quod mouetur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Cur ergo Simplicius motorem intrin&longs;ecum ab elementis ex <lb/>plodit? </s> <s>&longs;i motus <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="tantũ">tantum</expan> de mobili, sed <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> de motore dicitur? <lb/></s> <s>Cur motum propter motorem, & non propter mobile tantum <lb/>natur alem e&longs;&longs;e affirmauit? </s> <s>valeat ergo cum mon&longs;truo&longs;a hac <lb/>&longs;ua opinione Simplicius.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Theodorus Metochites, qui &longs;ententiam eamdem proba­<lb/>uit, &longs;ibi ip&longs;i aduer&longs;atur dum dicit. </s> <s>Quando accepto habi­<lb/>tu, & ip&longs;a forma operatur, per ip&longs;um citra impedimentum, <lb/>vt &longs;i leue <expan abbr="factũ">factum</expan> feratur &longs;ur&longs;um <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> repræ&longs;&longs;um ab aliquo, quod <lb/>ob&longs;i&longs;tat, tunc mouetur, &longs;ecundo modo à forma, quæ e&longs;t actu in <lb/>ip&longs;o &longs;ecundum naturam proximè post mutationem, & <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>, <lb/>qui fit ab eo, quod agit, & paullo po&longs;t idem repetit, dum dicit. <lb/></s> <s>Quod mouetur ex habitu, &longs;iue eo, quod est potestate, &longs;ecundo <lb/>modo ad operandum id quod &longs;ecundum naturam e&longs;t <expan abbr="propriũ">proprium</expan>, <lb/>mouetur ab ip&longs;a, quæ inerat perfecta forma, & mouendi po­<lb/>testate prædita, &c. </s> <s>Quæ omnia tota (vt aiunt) diame­<lb/>tro illis aduer&longs;antur, quæ verissima putat, dum, cum Simpli­<lb/>cio dicit. </s> <s>Motum elementorum e&longs;&longs;e naturalem, propter prin <lb/>cipium &longs;olum quod patitur, non autem propter id <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan>, <lb/>quod agit. </s> <s>Cum elementum factum ab ea forma moueri di­<lb/>catur, cuius munere habet vt &longs;it, & vt moueatur, & cuius e&longs;t <lb/>agere de &longs;ententia Aristotelis libro secundo de generatione. <lb/></s> <s>Nihil e&longs;t etiam, quod de materia, quæ &longs;emper e&longs;t eadem, & à <lb/>qua propterea &longs;umitur nomen vt Plato dixit, quia <expan abbr="quanquā">quanquam</expan> <lb/>id est in alter atione verissimum, in qua, quæ alterantur no­<lb/>men non per dunt, in ortu autem, & interitu id verum e&longs;&longs;e ne-<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/178.jpg" pagenum="158"/><emph type="italics"/>quit: in quibus ea, quæ generantur, at que intereunt, <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> <lb/>à qua nomen &longs;umitur, omnino amittunt: ideo nomen muta­<lb/>tur, vt docuit Ari&longs;toteles libro &longs;ecundo de phy&longs;ico auditu, in <lb/>his quæ ab arte, & in his quæ à natura fiunt. </s> <s>Id in auri mu­<lb/>tatione &longs;pectatur, quæ nec generatio, nec interitus dici pote&longs;t. <lb/></s> <s>Sed alteratio tantum: qua in mutatione Aristoteles etiam <lb/>&longs;ubiectum nomen &longs;uum &longs;eruare concedit, quod in his, quæ <lb/>oriuntur, at que intereunt fierinegat. </s> <s>Cam obrem non ab ele <lb/>mentorum omnium communi materia, dum elementa <expan abbr="gignũ-tur">gignun­<lb/>tur</expan> ea nomen, & motum accipiunt; sed à forma, quæ in gene <lb/>ratione mutatur elementorum nomen accipitur, & eorum­<lb/>dem motus natur alis appellatur. </s> <s>Neganda ergo con&longs;equen­<lb/>tia e&longs;t; dum dicitur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Aurũ">Aurum</expan> cum alteratur &longs;emper e&longs;t idem: <lb/>ergo à materia nomen accipitur, àqua motum accipi diffici­<lb/>lius, immo nulla ratione creditur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Veterrimi illi Poetæ, vt Orphæus, & Hexiodus, qui Theo <lb/>logi nuncupabantur, multo grauius peccauerunt: qui rebus <lb/>mobilibus, vt &longs;unt elementa, nullos motores adhibuerunt, sed <lb/>noctem vniuer&longs;itatis parentem, à qua elementorum & cæte­<lb/>rarum omnium rerum natura, & motus excitaretur, in <expan abbr="hũc">hunc</expan> <lb/>mundum introduxerunt: &longs;iue illis den&longs;issimis primæ materiæ <lb/>tenebris, &longs;iue ob&longs;curissimo nihilo, &longs;iue Chaos antiquo per <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> <lb/>dam &longs;imilitudinem nomen noctis a&longs;crip&longs;erint. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quoniã">Quoniam</expan> neque <lb/>lateres, neque arenæ, neque lapides &longs;ine architecto edificatio­<lb/>nem aliquam moliuntur: neque ad fœtus formandos &longs;ola fœ­<lb/>mina &longs;ufficit: neque terra frondes, stirpes, & arbores partu <lb/>rire, variasque fruges, ac fructus parere po&longs;&longs;et, ni&longs;i &longs;emina <lb/>conciperet: ita elementa &longs;ine motoribus directa non ferun­<lb/>tur. </s> <s>Elementorum ergo motores, eo&longs;demque intrin&longs;ecos ad in <lb/>uenire coguntur, qui presto &longs;int omnibus, &longs;ine quorum vi mo<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/179.jpg" pagenum="159"/><emph type="italics"/>uente nullus e&longs;t motus: quos <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> inuenire non possint, perob&longs;cu­<lb/>rissimas den&longs;issima&longs;que noctis tenebras, ne&longs;cientes quò ten­<lb/>dant, incauti feruntur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head"> <s>Forma elem enti materiam eiu&longs;dem elementi <lb/>mouet: & e&longs;t octaua propo&longs;itio. <lb/></s> <s>Cap. XXXIIII.<!-- KEEP S--></s> </p><p type="main"> <s>FORMAM <emph type="italics"/>elementi eiu&longs;dem elementi mouere mate­<lb/>riam &longs;crip&longs;it Auerroes libro quarto Phy&longs;icorum com­<lb/>mentatione &longs;eptuage&longs;imaprima: & libro tertio de cælo <lb/>commentatione vige&longs;ima&longs;ecunda; & non raro alibi: idque ex <lb/>Theophrasto probatur libro tertio &longs;uorum natur alium, di­<lb/>cente: Ea quæ fiunt aut à &longs;imili, vt homo ab homine; aut à <lb/>dissimili, & contrario, vt fulmina, & fulgura, quorum ignis <lb/>ab aeris frigiditate gignitur, aut ab eo, quod actu e&longs;t, &longs;eu<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/><foreign lang="greek">e)ntelexeia</foreign>, <emph type="italics"/>vt homo à &longs;ole fit: qui ei nec e&longs;t &longs;imilis, nec con­<lb/>trarius, &longs;ed elementorum motus à contrario non fit: motus <lb/>enim deor&longs;um à contrario motu &longs;ur&longs;um non gignitur, nec mo<lb/>tus &longs;ur&longs;um à contrario motu deor&longs;um na&longs;citur: non fit etiam <lb/>elementorum motus à &longs;imili: quia motus &longs;ur&longs;um motum &longs;ur­<lb/>&longs;um, & motus deor&longs;um motum deor&longs;um &longs;imilem non facit: er <lb/>go vterque motus &longs;ur&longs;um, & deor&longs;um ab<emph.end type="italics"/> <foreign lang="greek">e)ntelexeia</foreign> <emph type="italics"/>id e&longs;t <lb/>actu fit, sed<emph.end type="italics"/> <foreign lang="greek">e)ntelexeia</foreign>, <emph type="italics"/>seu actus elementorum est eorum­<lb/>dem forma: ergo ab elementi forma fit motus elementi; quæ <lb/>tenus eiu&longs;dem elementi materiam mouet, in qua est facultas <lb/>actui contraria: & ad hunc motum ab hac forma factum <lb/>excipiendum idonea. </s> <s>Modus, quo materia á forma moue­<lb/>tur explicatus e&longs;t &longs;upra, & infra vberius explicabitur: nunc <lb/>hæc dixi&longs;&longs;e &longs;at erit. </s> <s>Materiam ex &longs;e non moueri cum non ni&longs;i<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/180.jpg" pagenum="160"/><emph type="italics"/>propter formam in materia acceptam motui &longs;ubuciatur; quæ <lb/>materia priusquam moueatur, formam accipit, natura &longs;als <lb/>tem, & origine, & &longs;inon tempore prius, materia tamen est <lb/>per &longs;e mobilis, & natura eius e&longs;t, vt moueatur, & prius quam <lb/>forma: quia forma non ni&longs;i quatenus est in materia mota, <lb/>mouetur: & non ni&longs;i quatenus materia e&longs;t principium pri­<lb/>mum, quod patitur: quod &longs;i materiæ, ad hoc vt motui &longs;ubii­<lb/>ciatur, nece&longs;&longs;aria forma e&longs;t; hoc non e&longs;t, quia forma &longs;it mate <lb/>riæ ratio &longs;u&longs;cipiendi motum, &longs;ed quia forma dat materiæ <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> <lb/>existendi, &longs;ine quo materia moueri nequit; & cum quo moue <lb/>ri pote&longs;t: dat etiam forma materiæ inclinationem ad hunc <lb/>vel illum motum, &longs;ine qua forma inclinante materia non ma <lb/>gis vnum, quam alium motum, & etiam contrarium accipe­<lb/>re potest; vt ecce materia prima, quæ vi naturaque &longs;ua & <lb/>&longs;ur&longs;um, & deor&longs;um recta ferri valet: hæc eadem materia à <lb/>grauitatis forma inclinationem habet ad motum deor&longs;um; & <lb/>à forma leuitatis fit, vt materia &longs;uapte natura ad omnem mo<lb/>tum accipiendum idonea, ad &longs;olum motum &longs;ur&longs;um &longs;it propen <lb/>&longs;a, id tamen non effectiuè, sed formaliter tantum (vt ita di­<lb/>cam) intelligi debet: forma enim elemento ex materia, & <lb/>ex forma <expan abbr="cõcreto">concreto</expan> dat motum effectiuè: & materiæ eiu&longs;dem <lb/>elementi dat motum formaliter: &longs;i &longs;ic loqui licet, id est for­<lb/>ma, vt forma motum dat materiæ: & forma, vt efficiens mo<lb/>tum dat elemento: aliorum enim more aliquando loqui cogi­<lb/>mur. </s> <s>Materia igitur ea e&longs;t, quæ &longs;ine inclinatione eidem à for <lb/>ma præstita, quemlibet motum, etiam contrarium vi, natu­<lb/>raque &longs;ua excipere pote&longs;t; à forma verò inclinationem mate­<lb/>riæ præstante materia habet, vt ad hunc, & non ad illum mo<lb/>tum inclinetur. </s> <s>Forma etiam vt forma in quamlibet loci dif­<lb/>ferentiam &longs;uopte nixu mouet: sed à materia, cui coniungi-<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/181.jpg" pagenum="161"/><emph type="italics"/>tur, vim mouendi terminatam nanci&longs;citur, ita vt &longs;int &longs;ibi in­<lb/>uicem cau&longs;æ ratione tamen diuer&longs;a, vt exemplo vnit at is in <lb/>numero capite præcedenti declarauimus.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head"> <s>Corollarium.<!-- KEEP S--></s></p><p type="main"> <s>HINC <emph type="italics"/>&longs;equitur in partem per &longs;e motam, & in <expan abbr="part&etilde;">partem</expan> <lb/>per &longs;e mouentem quodlibet elementum diuidi, lices <lb/>in partem actu per &longs;e motam, & in partem actu per <lb/>&longs;e mouentem non diuidatur: qua ratione intelligi debet Ari <lb/>stoteles libro octauo Phy&longs;icorum particula vige&longs;ima&longs;eptima <lb/>& vige&longs;imaoctaua, & vige&longs;imanona, qui elementa non mo­<lb/>ueri à &longs;e per &longs;e propriè compluribus argumentis probare con­<lb/>tendit: potissimum, quia in partem per &longs;e motam, & in par­<lb/>tem per &longs;e mouentem nullum elementum diuiditur: id est, <lb/>non diuiditur in partem actu per &longs;e motam, nec in partem <lb/>actu per &longs;e moueniem; perindeac animalia: licet in partem <lb/>per &longs;e motam, & in partem per &longs;e mouentem diuidatur, sed <lb/>non actu pars e&longs;t per &longs;e mota, aut per &longs;e mouens, vt in anima­<lb/>libus, quorum corpora actu distincta ab animalibus actu mo<lb/>uentibus agitantur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head"> <s>Corollarium alterum.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>HINC <emph type="italics"/>etiam &longs;equitun: materiam aliquo modo per &longs;e, <lb/>& aliquo modo per accidens moueri: qua ratione mæ <lb/>teria e&longs;t principium primum accipiendi motum, modo <lb/>quodam per &longs;e moueri dicitur, & qua ratione materia non <lb/>mouetur, ni&longs;i actui, & formæprius &longs;ubiiciatur, materia per <lb/>accidens mouetur, id quod intelligere e&longs;t, ex his quæ &longs;upra á<lb/>nobis abundè di&longs;putata fueruns.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><pb xlink:href="011/01/182.jpg" pagenum="162"/><p type="head"> <s>Corollarium tertium.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>E<emph type="italics"/>x quo paruo negocio intelligimus, quid inter mobile ani <lb/>matum, quod graditur, & inter mobile &longs;implex, quod <lb/>gradiendi motu non cietur, inter&longs;it.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Mobile animatum, quod progreditur, prius quam mouea­<lb/>tur, actu exi&longs;tit, & prius quam moueatur idem numero mo­<lb/>ueri potest. </s> <s>Mobile &longs;implex, quod e&longs;t actu motum, non est <lb/>actu prius, quam moueatur, sed: &longs;imul at que fit moueri inci­<lb/>pit, ni&longs;i per aliud impediens &longs;tet, quo minus id fiat. </s> <s>Mobile <lb/>animatum; quod prius quam moueatur, est facultate mobile, <lb/>facultatis &longs;ubiectum in actu habet; at mobile &longs;implex, quod <lb/>priusquam moueatur, e&longs;t facultate mobile, facultatis &longs;ubie­<lb/>ctum actu non habet, sed facultate tantum.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Facultate mobile in corporibus &longs;implicibus non e&longs;t illud, <lb/>quod actu mouetur, quia terra &longs;ur&longs;um, & ignis deor&longs;um dire <lb/>cto ferri po&longs;&longs;unt; quæ tamen terra non e&longs;t terra, cum &longs;ur&longs;um <lb/>attollitur; sediam facta e&longs;t ignis, & ignis de&longs;iit e&longs;&longs;e ignis, cum <lb/>præceps deor&longs;um ruit; quò prius quam de&longs;cendat de&longs;cendere <lb/>valebat, vt terra prius quam a&longs;cenderet, a&longs;cendere & ip&longs;a po­<lb/>terat.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>In corporibus animatis, quæ progrediuntur facultate mo­<lb/>bile illud est, quod actu mouetur, vt animallongè prius quam <lb/>moueatur, moueri pote&longs;t.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Fundamentum necnon facultatis ad motum in corpori­<lb/>bus &longs;implicibus est pura, &longs;ola, nuda, &longs;implexque facultas; quæ <lb/>nihil aliud est, quam prima materia: quatenus tamen ea e&longs;t <lb/>&longs;ub forma &longs;implicis elementi. </s> <s>In mobilibus autem animalibus, <lb/>fundamentum facultatis ad motum e&longs;t corpus in actu: ani­<lb/>malitem e&longs;t mobile &longs;ecundum e&longs;&longs;entiam, quippe quod in par<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/183.jpg" pagenum="163"/><emph type="italics"/><expan abbr="t&etilde;">tem</expan> actu per &longs;e motam, & in partem actu per &longs;e mouentem di <lb/>uidatur: eam ob rem in eo pars actu per &longs;e mota parti actu <lb/>per &longs;e mouenti re&longs;i&longs;tit. </s> <s>Mobile &longs;implex e&longs;t mobile &longs;ecundum <lb/>accidens, quia vacat parte actu per &longs;e mota, ac <expan abbr="re&longs;ist&etilde;te">re&longs;istente</expan>; ideo <lb/>&longs;ipars elementorum mota mouetur, id ei &longs;i aliunde accidere <lb/>opus est, nempè à generante ab eo, quod impedimentum tol­<lb/>lit, & à medio moto: perindeac nauta à nauigio per &longs;e moto <lb/>per accidens mouetur: it a corpus &longs;implex, aut graue, aut leue <lb/>dum aut &longs;ur&longs;um, aut deor&longs;um directo fertur, medium mouet, <lb/>per quod fertur, & &longs;eper accidens ad motum medij. </s> <s>Ani­<lb/>malia ab intrin&longs;eco principio mouentur, &longs;implicia, ab extrin <lb/>&longs;eco generante, & à medio moto, & ab eo, quod impedimen­<lb/>tum tollit. </s> <s>A generante, quod elemento genito formam præ <lb/>stitit, & cum præ&longs;tita forma omnia accidentia, quæ formam <lb/>nece&longs;&longs;ariò con&longs;equuntur: ideo generans dat motum elemen­<lb/>to, qui motus elementi nuper genitam formam con&longs;equitur: <lb/>nam &longs;imul at que ignis ex terra gignitur, &longs;ur&longs;um a&longs;cendere <lb/>incipit, ni&longs;i aliquid obstet: eo amoto impedimento, quod mo­<lb/>tui ob&longs;i&longs;tebat, ignis ex terra genitus effugere <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> poterit, quin <lb/>&longs;ur&longs;um euolet: generans enim motus cau&longs;am vniuer&longs;am ele­<lb/>mento præ&longs;titit, quamobrem elemento genito illico motus na­<lb/>&longs;citur. </s> <s>Animal aliam cau&longs;am expectat, & valde diuer&longs;am <lb/>ab ea quam generans dedit, appetitum videlicet, qui non à ge <lb/>nerante, sed ab extrin&longs;eco mouente gignitur: vt Bos ad <lb/>aquam non priusquam eamdem appetat mouetur, rei extrin <lb/>&longs;ece appetitum animalia mouere, docuit Aristoteles libro de <lb/>anima tertio circa finem.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Multa alia inter animal, quod graditur, & inter mobile <lb/>&longs;implex inter&longs;unt, quæ ab Auerroe recen&longs;entur libro quarto <lb/>de cælo commentatione vige&longs;ima&longs;ecunda: ad quæ legenda<emph.end type="italics"/>; <pb xlink:href="011/01/184.jpg" pagenum="164"/><emph type="italics"/>vos omnes vocamus, vt ex propriis fontibus manantem <expan abbr="aquã">aquam</expan> <lb/>puriorem hauriatis.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head"> <s>Corollarium quartum.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>HINC <emph type="italics"/>etiam mouentium, & motorum &longs;implicium, per <lb/>petuum, eumdemque impertur batum ordinem intel­<lb/>ligere po&longs;&longs;umus, & primo.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Si elementum non dum e&longs;t actu, id quod futurum e&longs;t, sed <lb/>facultate tantum, id e&longs;t, &longs;i terra non dum migrauit in <expan abbr="ign&etilde;">ignem</expan>, <lb/>&longs;ed in eumdem tantum migrare pote&longs;t, tunc facultatem ha­<lb/>bet e&longs;&longs;entialem (vt vocant) ad motum &longs;ur&longs;um, & generante <lb/>indiget, àquo actu gignatur, & à quo, mediante nuper geni­<lb/>ta forma motus efficiatur: quia vt formam (quod &longs;æpenu­<lb/>mero diximus) ita quæ formam nece&longs;&longs;ario con&longs;equuntur, ele­<lb/>mentum genitum generanti refert acceptum: &longs;i autem ele­<lb/>mentum actu id e&longs;t, quod erat futurum, & per impedimen­<lb/>tum stat, quo minus moueatur, facultatem habet accidenta­<lb/>lem ad motum, & ab eo tunc mouetur; a quo impedimentum <lb/>aufertur: deinde forma elementi ea e&longs;t, quæ per &longs;e mouet: hæc <lb/>forma mouet &longs;e, vt est in materia mota, mouet materiam <lb/>&longs;uam, & medium.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Ordo ergo hic e&longs;t mouentium. </s> <s>Primo est generans, & mo<lb/>uens impedimentum. </s> <s><expan abbr="Secũdo">Secundo</expan> forma, materiam, & totum ele <lb/>mentum, & medium mouet: mouet etiam forma &longs;e ad <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> <lb/>totius elementi. </s> <s>Tertio totum elementum mouet &longs;e ratione <lb/>tamen partis: id e&longs;t ratione formæ mouet etiam medium. <lb/></s> <s>Quarto medium ab elemento prius motum, <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan> illud mo<lb/>uet à quo mouetur, perindeac <expan abbr="nautã">nautam</expan> ab illa moueri & mane­<lb/>re &longs;æpe diximus à quo nauem moueri <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> raro affirmauimus.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Res motæ &longs;unt primo loco materia à generante mota, & à<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/185.jpg" pagenum="165"/><emph type="italics"/>&longs;ua propria forma, & impedimentum à remouente mouetur. <lb/></s> <s>Secundo <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan>, & forma elementi tum à generante, tum <lb/>à remouente impedimentum mouetur. </s> <s>Tertio medium tum <lb/>ab elemento, tum à &longs;e ip&longs;o, id e&longs;t à propria forma mouetur, <lb/>postquam tamen ab extrin&longs;eco impellente excitatum fuerit. <lb/></s> <s>Quarto elementum totum à &longs;emetip&longs;o mouetur, prius tamen <lb/>medium ab elemento cietur, quam medium cieat elementum <lb/>origine, & natura &longs;altem, & &longs;i non tempore prius. </s> <s>Ergototus <lb/>elementorum motus non est per accidens ad motum medij: <lb/>cum nullus prior motus à motu posteriore pendeat, primam <lb/>que &longs;ui ortus originem repetat.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Habet autem quæ&longs;tionem non leuem, neque vulgarem, id <lb/>quod non raro repetitum e&longs;t hactenus: elementum &longs;cilicet mo<lb/>uere &longs;e prius, quam medium moueat: quia tunc elementum <lb/>&longs;ine aliqua tum intrin&longs;eca, tum extrin&longs;eca re&longs;i&longs;tentia moue­<lb/>tur, quod probatur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Mediũ">Medium</expan> ideo re&longs;i&longs;tit, quia ægrè diuiditur, <lb/>& quia ab elemento non &longs;ine difficultate &longs;einditur ac di&longs;trahi <lb/>tur, sed <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan>, quod stat in motu <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> &longs;cinditur, non diuiditur, <lb/>nec in diuer&longs;as partes di&longs;trahitur. </s> <s>Ergotunc <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> extrin&longs;ecè <lb/>non re&longs;i&longs;tit, nec materia prima intrin&longs;eca re&longs;istit, quia quæ <lb/>actu res nulla e&longs;t, sed nuda, &longs;ola, &longs;implex, quæ facultas re&longs;i&longs;te­<lb/>re nequit: at materia vinatur aque &longs;ua actures nulla e&longs;t. <lb/></s> <s>Ergo materia intrin&longs;ecè re&longs;i&longs;tere nequit. </s> <s>Mouetur ergo tunc <lb/>elementum &longs;ine vlla aut intrin&longs;eca, aut extrin&longs;eca re&longs;i&longs;tentia, <lb/>quod tam fal&longs;um, quam fal&longs;issimum, & tam ab&longs;urdum, <lb/><expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> ab&longs;urdissimum e&longs;&longs;e &longs;upra efficacissimè demon&longs;trauimus.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Re&longs;pondeo primo ad materiam, &longs;ecundo ad formam, ad <lb/>materiam: re &longs;i&longs;tentia propter continuationem in quolibet mo <lb/>su nece&longs;&longs;aria est; quæ continuatio &longs;ine tempore non fit. </s> <s>Ergo <lb/>vbi nullus est motus continuus, & vbi nullum e&longs;t tempus, ibi<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/186.jpg" pagenum="166"/><emph type="italics"/>nulla nece&longs;&longs;aria e&longs;t re&longs;istentia; at elementum, motu continuo <lb/>in tempore facto, &longs;e tempore prius quam moueat, medium <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb/>mouet, sed origine, atque natura <expan abbr="tantũ">tantum</expan>: ideo mir andum non <lb/>est, &longs;i nulla tunc aut extrin&longs;eca, aut intrin&longs;eca re&longs;istentia e&longs;t <lb/>nece&longs;&longs;aria hæc ad materiam.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Ad formam negatur primum antecedens, ad probatio­<lb/>nem <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> comeditur, sed fal&longs;um, & ab&longs;urdum e&longs;&longs;e negatur, <lb/>moueri tunc elementum &longs;ine vlla, aut intrin&longs;eca, aut extrin­<lb/>&longs;eca re&longs;i&longs;tentia.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Contra ergo motus ille erit indiuiduus, & in <expan abbr="mom&etilde;to">momento</expan> tem­<lb/>poris factus, quod fieri non po&longs;&longs;e demon&longs;tratum est ab Ari­<lb/>stotele libro &longs;exto Phy&longs;icorum particula quinquage&longs;ima; con­<lb/>&longs;equentia probatur, quia propter continuationem <expan abbr="re&longs;i&longs;tentiã">re&longs;i&longs;tentiam</expan> <lb/>nece&longs;&longs;ariam e&longs;&longs;e nuper affirmauimus, & non propter aliam <lb/>quamlibet cau&longs;am: ergo vbi nulla e&longs;t re&longs;i&longs;tentia, ibi nulla e&longs;t <lb/>continuatio: verum in illo priori, in quo elementum &longs;e prius, <lb/>quam medium mouet, nulla est re&longs;istentia; ergo nulla e&longs;t ibi <lb/>continuatio: quoderat probandum.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Re&longs;pondeo & fateor, elementum mouere &longs;e prius, quam <lb/>medium moueat origine, ac natura, & non tempore prius: <lb/>hunc tamen motum e&longs;&longs;e indiuiduum, & in momento tempo­<lb/>ris factum minime &longs;equitur, quoniam hic motus nuncupan­<lb/>dus non est, sed &longs;ubita, & momentanea (vt it a dicam) mu­<lb/>tatio: cui quid ob&longs;tat, quo minus in temporis momento fiat? <lb/></s> <s>certè nihil: vt illuminatio, quæ & ip&longs;a momentanea e&longs;t mu­<lb/>tatio, & maximum &longs;p <expan abbr="aciũ">acium</expan> &longs;ine vlla aut intrin&longs;eca, aut extrin <lb/>&longs;eca re&longs;istentia in indiuiduo temporis momento afficit: pari <lb/>ratione elementum in in&longs;tanti origine, & natura, non autem <lb/>tempore prius mouet &longs;e, quam medium: idque &longs;ine vlla, aut <lb/>extrin&longs;eca, aut intrin&longs;eca re&longs;istentia fit: & e&longs;t hæc &longs;ubita,<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/187.jpg" pagenum="167"/><emph type="italics"/>& momentanea mutatio, & non motus: hæc ad materiam: <lb/>ad formam negandam est illum e&longs;&longs;e motum, & dandum e&longs;t <lb/>illam e&longs;&longs;e vnam ex his mutationibus in momento, quæ fieri <lb/>po&longs;&longs;unt: in quo nullum motum vmquam fieripo&longs;&longs;e, ab Ari­<lb/>&longs;totele demon&longs;tratur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head"> <s>Totum elementum a propria illius forma per &longs;e <lb/>primo mouetur, & e&longs;t nona propo&longs;itio. <lb/></s> <s>Cap. XXXV.<!-- KEEP S--></s> </p><p type="main"> <s>TOTVM <emph type="italics"/>elementum ab eiu&longs;dem elementi propria for <lb/>manon modo per &longs;e, sed & quod mirabilius e&longs;&longs;e vide­<lb/>tur, per &longs;e & primo moueri probatur, argumento du <lb/>cto ex prima demon&longs;tratione Ari&longs;totelis libro &longs;eptimo Phy­<lb/>&longs;icorum & in octauo non modo repetita, vt complures &longs;om­<lb/>niarunt, sed & quod perpauci nouerunt, artificiosè amplifi­<lb/>cata particula duodetrige&longs;ima: hæc quoniam ferè omnium e&longs;t <lb/>demon&longs;trationum, quas Aristoteles vmquam &longs;crip&longs;erit, ad <lb/>intelligendum difficillima, eidem ordinis lumen adhibere opus <lb/>est, vt quam maximè &longs;int per&longs;picua, & aperta, quæ ab Ari <lb/>&longs;totele inuoluta legentibus proponuntur. </s> <s>Nonulla ergo de mo <lb/>re prius adnotabuntur. </s> <s>Ari&longs;totelis deinceps demon&longs;tratio in <lb/>propriam formam redacta lectoribus plena offeretur. </s> <s>Tertio <lb/>nostra &longs;ententia ex Ari&longs;totelis demonstratione confirmabi­<lb/>tur, qua Peripatetica methodo fiet, vt rerum abditarum in­<lb/>telligentia iuuetur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Primo ergo &longs;ciendum est, omnem motum habere <expan abbr="motor&etilde;">motorem</expan>, <lb/>ibi locorum ab Aristotele non demonstrari, vt nonnulli fal­<lb/>sò &longs;unt rati, id quod quam optimè animaduerti&longs;&longs;e vi&longs;us e&longs;t ocu <lb/>latissimus Auerroes libro &longs;ecundo Phy&longs;icorum comment a-<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/188.jpg" pagenum="168"/><emph type="italics"/>tione tertia & libro &longs;eptimo Phy&longs;icorum comment atione deci­<lb/>matertia. </s> <s>Etenim omne omne motum habere motorem nemo <lb/>inficias ibit. </s> <s>Quis enim tam &longs;tupidus vmquam fuerir, qui mo­<lb/>bile habere motorem negauerit? </s> <s>nemo me hercule nemo, ni&longs;i <lb/>communi &longs;en&longs;u caruerit; & ea quæ &longs;unt &longs;uapte natura nota, <lb/>demon&longs;tranda non e&longs;&longs;e, pro certo &longs;cimus ex his quæ Ari&longs;to­<lb/>teles tum &longs;æpenumero alibi, tum primo Posteriorum &longs;cripta <lb/>reliquit. </s> <s>Quærit autem Ari&longs;toteles. <!-- KEEP S--></s> <s>Vtrumne omne motum <lb/>habeat motorem, ab eo, quod mouetur, distinctum, an verò <lb/>res quæ mouetur, motorem habeat, qui &longs;it omnino idem cum <lb/>eo, quod mouetur: & à motore ab eo quod mouetur, distincto <lb/>rem mobilem moueri, eo loco demonstratur: idquc propter <lb/>Platonem, qui &longs;implicem animam à &longs;e ip&longs;a moueri rebatur; <lb/>quippe qui <expan abbr="animã">animam</expan> e&longs;&longs;e numerum &longs;e ip&longs;um mouentem non mo­<lb/>do &longs;crip&longs;erit, sed&longs;e quam artificiosè demon&longs;traui&longs;&longs;e falsò cre­<lb/>diderit, vt &longs;upra memor auimus.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Secundo &longs;ciendum: quæ mouentur aut per &longs;e, aut per ac­<lb/>cidens, mouentur per accidens eorum quæ mouentur, non vnæ <lb/>e&longs;t differentia: nam quædam per accidens moueri dicuntur, <lb/>quia in&longs;unt aliis, quæ per &longs;e mouentur; vt &longs;i quando candi­<lb/>dum animal ambulare viderimus, animal per &longs;e, candor per <lb/>accidens ad motum animalis mouebitur: non enim quia can­<lb/>didum, sed quia animal, cui candor accidit, animal moueri <lb/>dicitur. </s> <s>Alter est modus, quo cau&longs;a partis aliquid <expan abbr="&longs;ecundũ">&longs;ecundum</expan> <lb/>accidens mouetur, non quia ip&longs;um totum moueatur, sed quia <lb/>æliqua pars totius concitetur, dum omnes aliæ conquie&longs;cunt, <lb/>vt &longs;i oculo, aut pectori medic amenta adhibeantur, ita vt quæ <lb/>prius male valebant membra, deinceps bene valeant, animal <lb/>totum conualui&longs;&longs;e dicimus.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/><expan abbr="Quãdo">Quando</expan> non ratione partis, necratione accidentis <expan abbr="cuiu&longs;piã">cuiu&longs;piam</expan>,<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/189.jpg" pagenum="169"/><emph type="italics"/>quippiam mouetur, ip&longs;um per &longs;e moueri dicitur, cuius multæ <lb/>&longs;unt differentiæ & generum, & &longs;&longs;ecierum, quas prudentes <lb/>præterimus, quòd ad rem no&longs;tram non faciunt, & ab Ari­<lb/>&longs;totele explicantur in principio libri quinti Phy&longs;icorum. <!-- KEEP S--></s> <s>Quæ <lb/>per &longs;e mouentur, alia primo, alia non primo mouentur: in mo­<lb/>tibus naturalibus ea primo moueri cen&longs;entur, quæ non alie­<lb/>na vi, &longs;ednatura &longs;ua propria concitantur, vt &longs;i triangulum <lb/>habere tres angulos dixerimus, quod non aliena vi, sed ratio­<lb/>ne, qua triangulus e&longs;t, tres angulos habere compertum &longs;it om­<lb/>nibus; Scalenon autem tres angulos habet, sed <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> primo, quiæ <lb/>non ratione, qua scalenon; sed ratione qua triangulus tres an <lb/>gulos habeat: ergo non ratione propria, sed ratione alterius; <lb/>qua de re &longs;crip&longs;ir Aristoteles libro primo Posteriorum capi­<lb/>te, cui titulus est; de his, quæ per &longs;e, & primo dicuntur. <lb/></s> <s>Ad motum de&longs;cendendo. </s> <s>Id primo motum nuncupatur, quod <lb/>non aliena vi, sed &longs;uapte vi, ac natura cietur: id nec e&longs;t &longs;ecun<lb/>dum partem, nec &longs;ecundum accidens, &longs;ed &longs;ecundum totum, <lb/>& &longs;ua natura motum, vt auctor est Auerroes libro &longs;eptimo <lb/>Phy&longs;icorum commentatione &longs;ecunda.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Est & alter modus illius, quod primo moueri dicitur ab <lb/>initio libri quinti Phy&longs;icorum ab Ari&longs;totele explicatus, & id <lb/>est, quod &longs;ecundum totum, & <expan abbr="&longs;ecũdum">&longs;ecundum</expan> quamlibet &longs;ui partem <lb/>mouetur, idque ei opponitur, quod ex aliqua tantum parte cie <lb/>tur, vt Alexandro arri&longs;it, vel tum ei, quod &longs;ecundum par­<lb/>tem, vel tum ei, quod &longs;ecundum accidens motu recto cieri dici <lb/>tur, opponitur, vt Simplicio, Theodoro Metochiti, & nonnul­<lb/>lis aliis Ari&longs;totelis expo&longs;itoribus placuit. </s> <s>Inter hæc duo pri­<lb/>ma hoc conuenit, quod vtri&longs;que po&longs;itis & ea ponuntur, quæ <lb/>illis primo in&longs;unt, & de quibus dicuntur, vt po&longs;ita participa­<lb/>tione raitonis, quæ primo modo primo inest homini, & prime<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/190.jpg" pagenum="170"/><emph type="italics"/>modo de homine dicitur, primo & homo ponitur, & po&longs;ito <lb/>motu, qui & &longs;ecundum totum, & &longs;ecundum aliquam &longs;ui par <lb/>tem fit, id ponitur, quod tali motu primo mouetur: vt rotun­<lb/>da conuer&longs;ione po&longs;ita, qua totum cælum, & &longs;ingulæ cæli par­<lb/>tes in orbem conuertuntur, & cælum illico ponitur, quod ro­<lb/>tunda conuer&longs;ione conuertitur, & vtri&longs;que explo&longs;is, illa explo <lb/>dentur, quibus hæc in&longs;unt, & de quibus dicuntur: vt &longs;i <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> &longs;int <lb/>tres anguli, nec <expan abbr="triãgulus">triangulus</expan> erit, & &longs;i rotunda conuer&longs;io in naiu <lb/>ra non &longs;it, nec cælum erit; quod tali conuer&longs;ione conuertitur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Nec ob&longs;tat illud, quod graue &longs;ur&longs;um locum, & leue deor­<lb/>&longs;um à motu aliquando impediri contingit: ex quo explo&longs;o mo­<lb/>tu, id non explodendi cui motum primo ine&longs;&longs;e diximus, colli­<lb/>gere nituntur. </s> <s>Nam motus hoc loco non actum &longs;ed <foreign lang="greek"><10>o(phn</foreign>, id <lb/>est momentum, inclinationem, pondus, &longs;eu motum &longs;ignificat, <lb/>quo grauia ad motum deor&longs;um, & leuia ad motum &longs;ur&longs;um in <lb/>elinatur, vt aduer&longs;us Themistium &longs;upra confirmauimus. <lb/></s> <s>Interid quod primo modo, & inter id, quod &longs;ecundo modo, di­<lb/>eitur primo hocintere&longs;t; qui à quolibet particulari, & à quo­<lb/>libet illius parte, id quod primo modo dicitur primo ab&longs;tule­<lb/>rit, à toto id ab&longs;tuli&longs;&longs;e non creditur, vt homo, quem primo mo <lb/>do rationis participem primo, dicimus; non propterea ratio­<lb/>nis particeps e&longs;&longs;e de&longs;init, quod participatio rationis à quibus <lb/>libet particularibus hominibus, & à quolibet eorumdem par­<lb/>te exploditur: nam &longs;i nullus particularis homo &longs;it &longs;uper&longs;tes, <lb/>adhuc ver a est hæc propo&longs;itio. </s> <s>Homo est rationis particeps, <lb/>sed qui id quod secundo modo dicitur primo, à totius, vel vna, <lb/>vel pluribus partibus ab&longs;tulerit; & id à toto omnino ab&longs;tuli&longs;&longs;e <lb/>notum e&longs;t omnibus, vt vna parte totius quie&longs;cente, totum pri­<lb/>mo non mouetur, sed &longs;ecundum partem eam tantum, quæ cie <lb/>tur, alioqui totum mouebitur, & quie&longs;cet, mouebitur, & non<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/191.jpg" pagenum="171"/><emph type="italics"/>mouebitur: quapropter actu, & facultate erit, quæ omnia<lb/>præterquam, quod fieri non po&longs;&longs;unt, etiam &longs;unt ab&longs;urda. <lb/></s> <s>Quæ iis, quæ mouentur a&longs;crip&longs;imus, iis etiam, quæ mouent li­<lb/>bro quinto Phy&longs;icorum ab Aristotele a&longs;cribuntur particula <lb/>(nimirum) &longs;ecunda; alia per &longs;e, alia per accidens mouent, <lb/>quæ per accidens mouent, vel in&longs;unt aliis, quæ per &longs;e mouent, <lb/>vt mu&longs;icus, qui inest medico, quia eidem accidit, per accidens <lb/>&longs;onat, vel cau&longs;a partis, vt quando homo manu rotam mouet, <lb/>aut manu percutit; aut aliquod aliud agit, vel quod mouet, <lb/>non per accidens, sed per &longs;e mouet: idque duobus modis con­<lb/>tingit, vel per &longs;e tantum, vel per &longs;e & primo: quod e&longs;t de om­<lb/>ni per &longs;e, & &longs;ecundum quodip&longs;um, vt auctor e&longs;t Ari&longs;toteles <lb/>libro primo Po&longs;teriorum analiticorum. </s> <s>Præter hunc modum <lb/>mouendi primo e&longs;t & alter modus eorum, quæ primo mouent; <lb/>quia non &longs;ecundum partem, sed &longs;ecundum totum mouent, id <lb/>que ei opponitur, quod vel &longs;ecundum partem tantum, vt Ale <lb/>xander Aphrodi&longs;ien&longs;is voluit, vel &longs;ecundum <expan abbr="part&etilde;">partem</expan>, & &longs;ecun­<lb/>dum accidens mouet, opponitur, vt Simplicius credidit: hæc <lb/>quoniam ex his, quæ &longs;upra copiosè di&longs;putauimus, facilè intel­<lb/>liguntur, iis omissis ad alia properamus. </s> <s>Non nihil etiam in­<lb/>tere&longs;t inter id, quod a &longs;e, &longs;eu ex &longs;e, & inter id, quod per &longs;e mo­<lb/>uet, & mouetur: nam quædam &longs;unt, quæ per &longs;e mouent, & <lb/>mouentur non tamen ex &longs;e, sed ex. </s> <s>aliis, vt elementa, quæ &longs;uo­<lb/>pte motu aguntur, quia &longs;ecundum naturam, ab aliis tamen, <lb/>quia à generantibus &longs;ecundum facultatem e&longs;&longs;entialem nun­<lb/>cupatam cientur: &longs;ecundum facultatem autem accidentalem <lb/>vacatam, per se ab eorum natura mouentur; at non ex &longs;e, sed <lb/>ab aliis: quia ab illis, quæ impedimenta tollunt. </s> <s>Quæ à &longs;e, seu <lb/>per &longs;e, seu ex &longs;e mouentur, &longs;unt animalia, dum deor&longs;um de­<lb/>&longs;cendunt: hæc à &longs;e, seu ex &longs;e moueri dicuntur, quia non ab<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/192.jpg" pagenum="172"/><emph type="italics"/>alio extrin&longs;eco principio id habent, vt moueantur: &longs;unt enim <lb/>omnia animalia &longs;ic à natura comparata, vt terreum <expan abbr="elemen-tũ">elemen­<lb/>tum</expan> graue in eis exuperet, vt meminit Ari&longs;toteles libro quar­<lb/>to meteorologicorum, à quo exuperante elemento mouentur <lb/>vt libro primo de cælo &longs;cribitur: ideo &longs;uopte nixu, ac motu ab <lb/>anima, quod est intrin&longs;ecum & dome&longs;ticum principium per <lb/>se, ex &longs;e, seu à se de&longs;cendunt. </s> <s>At &longs;i animal Salebro&longs;um &longs;can­<lb/>dere montem incipiat, aut &longs;uper scalam rectam a&longs;cendat, aut <lb/>super rectum parietem repat, aut &longs;altet, aut aliud quid &longs;imi­<lb/>le agat; per &longs;e certè, ad hæc omnia concitabitur; ab anima &longs;ci <lb/>licet, quæ e&longs;t natura: ideo per &longs;e, & primum e&longs;t intrin&longs;ecum <lb/>principium motus illius, non tamen ex &longs;e, quia non &longs;ecundum <lb/>naturam, quæ enim grauia &longs;unt, vt cuiuslibet animalis mem­<lb/>bra, non &longs;ecundum naturam &longs;ursum, sed deorsum, & violen­<lb/>tia &longs;ursum, & non deor&longs;um, aguntur: id quod animali etiam <lb/>v&longs;u veni&longs;&longs;e compertum e&longs;t; <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> volutatur: non enim est ob&longs;cu­<lb/>rum animal tunc per &longs;e ip&longs;um moueri totum: at cum animal <lb/>circumuoluitur, partes præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> a&longs;cendunt, &longs;iquis <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb/>non in pedes, &longs;ed in manus capite ad terram conuer&longs;o, & pe­<lb/>dibus in altum elatis, conetur ingredi, per &longs;e mouebitur, quia <lb/>ab anima, quæ e&longs;t per &longs;e motus principium; at non ex &longs;e, quia <lb/>non &longs;ecundum naturam, sed contra naturalem partium incli <lb/>nationem partes mouebuntur; quæ omnia nota &longs;unt ex Ari­<lb/>&longs;totelis octauo libro Phy&longs;icorum particula vige&longs;ima&longs;eptima, <lb/>& vige&longs;imaoctaua. </s> <s>At quoniam has <expan abbr="loqu&etilde;">loquem</expan> di formulas alias <lb/>pro aliis philo&longs;ophi vicissim v&longs;urpant, hanc diligentem earum <lb/>dem di&longs;tinctionem & nos mi&longs;&longs;am faciemus, & aliam pro alia <lb/>vicissim aliorum more v&longs;urpabimus. </s> <s>Tertio &longs;ciendum indi­<lb/>uiduum nullum primo po&longs;&longs;e moueri, sed per accidens <expan abbr="tãtum">tantum</expan>, <lb/>vt punctum, quod est indiuiduum ad motum magnitudinis<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/193.jpg" pagenum="173"/><emph type="italics"/>non per se, &longs;ed per accidens tantum mouetur: id quod primo <lb/>mouetur, nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t, vt &longs;it corpus omni ex parte diuiduum: <lb/>quippe cum id, quod mouetur, ex aliquo in aliquod nece&longs;&longs;ario <lb/>moueatur; quod diuiduis tantum corporatis magnitudinibus <lb/>tribuitur: ne &longs;i indiuiduis tribueretur id quod mouetur, aut <lb/>in vtroque termino motus, aut in neutro &longs;imul inueniretur,<lb/>aut &longs;pacium totum &longs;imul, aut potius nullam illius partem oc­<lb/>cuparet; aut <expan abbr="t&etilde;pus">tempus</expan>, aut mobile minus minimo poneretur, quæ <lb/>omnia &longs;unt tam incommoda quam incommodissima: hac de <lb/>re Ari&longs;toteles accuratissimè &longs;crip&longs;it libro quinto Phy&longs;icorum <lb/>particula &longs;exage&longs;ima&longs;ecunda, & libro &longs;exto particula trige&longs;i­<lb/>ma&longs;ecunda, & libro octauo particula quadrage&longs;ima, & qua­<lb/>drage&longs;ima&longs;exta.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Quarto &longs;ciendum, ea quæ mouentur ab extrin&longs;eco, aut ab <lb/>intrin&longs;eco principio mouentur, quæ extrin&longs;ecus citantur, vel <lb/>pelluntur, aut vehuntur, vel trahuntur, vel circumuoluuntur, <lb/>vt auctor e&longs;t Ari&longs;toteles libro &longs;eptimo Phy&longs;icorum particula <lb/>decima. </s> <s>Quæ intrin&longs;ecus cientur, vel per appetitionem, & ani <lb/>mæ impul&longs;ionem, aguntur vt animalia, vel &longs;ecundum natu­<lb/>ram, vt elementa, & ea mixta, quæ ab exuper ante elemento <lb/>mouentur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Quinto &longs;ciendum, in confe&longs;&longs;o e&longs;&longs;e omnibus, modo sen&longs;um <lb/>communem habeant, ea omnia, quæ extrin&longs;ecus mouentur, <lb/>habere motorem ab eo quod mouetur, omnino distinctum: <lb/><expan abbr="nãquod">nanquod</expan> pellitur, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> à semetip&longs;o, &longs;ed ab altero pellente pellitur. <lb/></s> <s>Quod fertur non à &longs;emetip&longs;o, sed ab altero ferente fertur. <lb/></s> <s>Quod trahitur, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> à &longs;emetip&longs;o, sed ab altero <expan abbr="trah&etilde;te">trahente</expan> trahitur. <lb/></s> <s>Quod circumuoluitur non à &longs;emetip&longs;o, sed ab altero circum­<lb/>uoluente, circumuoluitur. </s> <s>Crgo omne, quod extrin&longs;ecus mo­<lb/>uetur, à motore mouetur, quod e&longs;t distinctum ab eo, quod mo-<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/194.jpg" pagenum="174"/><emph type="italics"/>uetur: id quoniam e&longs;t notissimum, Aristoteles in principio &longs;e <lb/>ptimi libri Phy&longs;icorum in quœ&longs;tionem non vocat. </s> <s>Quæ <expan abbr="&longs;uarũ">&longs;uarum</expan> <lb/>motionum intrin&longs;ecum principium habent; ea omnia à primo <lb/>motore di&longs;tincto mouentur, quamuis is, quis nam &longs;it, no&longs;tros <lb/>&longs;en&longs;us fugiat; quamquam lateat nos. </s> <s>Vtrumne animal to­<lb/>tum à &longs;emetip&longs;o toto primo moueatur, cum tamen animalis <lb/>putre cadauer immotum &longs;pectamus, inde intelligimus ab ani­<lb/>ma animalis corpus efformante, & corpori <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> præstante, <lb/>vt à primo motore, ab animali, quod mouetur, di&longs;tincto fui&longs;&longs;e <lb/>motum, & perindeac nauigium à nauta destincto mouetur. <lb/></s> <s>Id in corporibus <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> &longs;implicibus magis latet: <expan abbr="demon-&longs;trationũ">demon­<lb/>&longs;trationum</expan> tamen efficaci robore coacti, <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan> &longs;implex <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> <lb/>à forma, perindeac à principio <expan abbr="mou&etilde;te">mouente</expan> per &longs;e & primo, moueri <lb/>credimus, quod &longs;i partium <expan abbr="mouentiũ">mouentium</expan>, & <expan abbr="motorũ">motorum</expan> di&longs;tinctio in <lb/>corporibus &longs;implicibus <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> à pluribus ignoretur; et hoc <lb/>nomine plures <expan abbr="&longs;entiãt">&longs;entiant</expan>; <expan abbr="elem&etilde;ta">elementa</expan> &longs;implicia aut ip&longs;a à &longs;emetip&longs;is <lb/>moueri, aut ab extrin&longs;eco motore <expan abbr="tantũ">tantum</expan> agitari, hi certè <expan abbr="hal-lucinabũtur">hal­<lb/>lucinabuntur</expan>, perinde atque illæ, qui dum A. B. mouet. </s> <s>B. C. <lb/>putat. </s> <s>A.C. à &longs;emetip&longs;o moueri primo, quod ni <expan abbr="mirũ">mirum</expan> vtrisque <lb/>motis partibus, vtra moueat vtram, non per&longs;pectum habens, <lb/><expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> à &longs;emetip&longs;o moueri primo autumet; quod &longs;i &longs;ciret. </s> <s>A. B. <lb/>mouere. </s> <s>B. C. autem moueri, alterum per &longs;e, & primo moue <lb/>re alterum per se, & primo moueri intelligeret. </s> <s>Adrem no­<lb/>stram redeuntes, non propterea exi&longs;timandum e&longs;t, <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan> <lb/>ip&longs;um totum ab extrin&longs;eco tantum motore cieri; quia intrin­<lb/>&longs;ecus motor lateat: nec propterea contendendum est, elemen­<lb/>tum ip&longs;um totum à &longs;eip&longs;o moueri primo, ignor atione partium <lb/>a&longs;pectum fugientium, sed omnino & certè credendum, ele­<lb/>menta non extrin&longs;ecus tantum, verum intrinsecus agitari; & <lb/>in elementis differentia tenenda e&longs;t partium, quæ primo mo-<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/195.jpg" pagenum="175"/><emph type="italics"/>uent, & quæ primo mouentur; vt inde intelligatur, quomodo <lb/>elementum à semetip&longs;o primo moueatur, id est quomodo for­<lb/>ma elementi primo moueat elementum, quamquam hæc par­<lb/>tium distinctio à pluribus ignoretur. </s> <s>Hæc ex Ari&longs;totele in <lb/>principio libri septimi Phy&longs;icorum.<emph.end type="italics"/><!-- KEEP S--></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Sexto sciendum, id quod altero per se & primo quie&longs;cen­<lb/>te, per se & primo quiescit, per se & primo ab eo moueri, <lb/>ad cuius quietem per se & primo quie&longs;cit. </s> <s>Verbigratia: &longs;i <lb/>quie&longs;cente anima per se & primo, animal per se & primo <lb/>quie&longs;cit: nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t animal ab anima per se & primo mo­<lb/>ueri: dicimus per se & primo, quia ad heri quietem & mo­<lb/>tum canem moueri, & quie&longs;cere contingit, non per se nec pri­<lb/>mo, sed tantum per accidens, qua de re nunc verba non faci­<lb/>mus, ideo, cane omi&longs;&longs;o, ad <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan> &longs;implex reuertimur, quod <lb/>per se & primo non quie&longs;cit, quie&longs;cente eo quod gignit, aut <lb/>impedimentum auferente, nec quiescente medio, aut loco, ad <lb/>quem fertur. </s> <s>Sed i&longs;tis omnibus quie&longs;centibus, elementum per <lb/>accidens immotum manet; Ergo abi&longs;tis motoribus elementum <lb/>non primo, sedper accidens tantum mouebitur. </s> <s>Inue&longs;tigan­<lb/>dus e&longs;t ergo primus elementorum motor.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Septimo &longs;ciendum, id quod primo cietur, non e&longs;&longs;e id, quod <lb/>ipsum totum à &longs;eipso toto agitatur; nam &longs;i totum &longs;it ip&longs;um, & <lb/>quod primo &longs;e moueat, & quod à &longs;e primo moueatur, nece&longs;&longs;e <lb/>e&longs;t totum ip&longs;um toti ip&longs;i applicari, & nullas habere partes, & <lb/>non po&longs;&longs;e diuidi, & semper moueri cum à &longs;eip&longs;o non recedat, <lb/>sed &longs;ibi præsto &longs;it semper: ideo numquam moueri ce&longs;&longs;at, sed <lb/>totum id, quod primo mouetur, omne conflatum e&longs;t ex duabus <lb/>partibus, cum &longs;it corpus natura diuiduum, vt &longs;upra tertio lo­<lb/>co diximus: huius diuidui corporis altera pars primo mouer, <lb/>& altera primo mouetur, vt &longs;i totum animal prime moueri di<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/196.jpg" pagenum="176"/><emph type="italics"/>xerimus, totum animal à toto animali moueri non intelligi­<lb/>mus, sed ab anima mouente corpus, & totum, idque ea ratio­<lb/>ne intelligi debet, quam &longs;upra di&longs;putauimus, quod &longs;i quispiam <lb/>harum partium <expan abbr="di&longs;tinction&etilde;">di&longs;tinctionem</expan> ignoret, & propterea totum ani­<lb/>mal à toto animali moueri credat, hic certè hallucinabitur, <lb/>ignoratione partium a&longs;pectum fugienitum, in hunc errorem <lb/>adductus, vt Ari&longs;toteles in textu &longs;crip&longs;it.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>His ex Ari&longs;toteleo contextu constitutis, Aristotelis de­<lb/>monstrationem in hanc formam redigimus.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Omne, quod aut ab extrin&longs;eco, aut ab intrin&longs;eco mouente <lb/>mouetur, ab altero mouetur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Omne, quod mouetur aut ab extrin&longs;eco, aut ab intrin&longs;eco <lb/>mouente mouetur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Ergo omne, quod mouetur, ab altero mouetur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Minor manife&longs;ta ex his, quæ &longs;upra quarto loco annotaui­<lb/>mus. </s> <s>Maioris pars prior e&longs;t notissima, nam quæ ab extrin&longs;e <lb/>co mouentur: omnia à motoribus di&longs;tinctis moueri dictum est <lb/>&longs;upra quinto loco, & pars altera eiu&longs;dem maioris probatur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Omne, quod ab altero primo quie&longs;cente primo quie&longs;cit, ab <lb/>altero primo mouente primo mouetur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Omne, quod ab intrin&longs;eco primo mouetur, altero primo <lb/>quie&longs;cente primo quie&longs;cit.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Ergo omne, quod ab intrin&longs;eco mouetur, ab altero primo mo­<lb/>uente primo mouetur. </s> <s>Maior probatur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Omne quod à &longs;e ip&longs;o primo mouetur, altero, quod non est <lb/>ip&longs;um, aut pars ip&longs;ius quie&longs;cente, non quie&longs;cit primo, vt ani­<lb/>mal, quod à &longs;e ip&longs;o cietur primo, quouis alio, quod non e&longs;t ani­<lb/>mal motum, quie&longs;cente, non quie&longs;cit; cum à &longs;emetip&longs;o <expan abbr="tantũ">tantum</expan>, <lb/>& non ab alio quopiam moueatur, quod &longs;i ab alio moueretur, <lb/>ad motoris quietem quie&longs;ceret: aliud tamen ad alterius mo-<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/197.jpg" pagenum="177"/><emph type="italics"/>tum, & quietem non primo, sed per accidens aliquando mo­<lb/>ueri, & quie&longs;cere contingit, vt Canis, qui dum illius herus mo­<lb/>uetur, & quie&longs;cit, non primo, nec per &longs;e, sed per accidens mo­<lb/>uetur, & quie&longs;cit, at nos primum mouens, & primum <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> <lb/>quærimus: primum motum e&longs;t, quod altero primo quie&longs;cente <lb/>primo quie&longs;cit. </s> <s>Ergo omne, quod altero, primo quie&longs;cente, pri­<lb/>mo quie&longs;cit, ab altero, primo mouente, primo mouetur; ab eo <lb/>inquam, quo primo quie&longs;cente primo quie&longs;cit, vt &longs;upra quinto <lb/>loco notauimus. </s> <s>Huius argumenti minor probatur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Omne corpus diuiduum, quod ab intrin&longs;eco primo moue­<lb/>tur, parte altera primo quie&longs;cente primo quie&longs;cit.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Omne quod ab intrin&longs;eco mouetur primo, est corpus diui­<lb/>duum.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Ergo omne, quod ab intrin&longs;eco mouetur primo, parte alteræ <lb/>primo quie&longs;cente primo quie&longs;cit.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Minor huius argumenti nota e&longs;t ex his, quæ &longs;upra dixi­<lb/>mus tertio loco: maior argumento ad ab&longs;urdum ducente, pro­<lb/>batur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Si maior e&longs;t fal&longs;a, ergo eius oppo&longs;ita e&longs;t vera, quæ e&longs;t. </s> <s>Cor­<lb/>pus diuiduum, quod ab intrin&longs;eco primo mouetur, parte alte­<lb/>ra quie&longs;cente primo, mouetur primo. </s> <s>Ergo corpus diuiduum <lb/>&longs;ecundum partem mouetur, & &longs;ecundum partem quie&longs;cit. <lb/></s> <s>Ergo continuum, at que diuiduum corpus, quod totum primo <lb/>mouetur, non totum primo, sed per partem mouetur; <lb/>quod est ab&longs;urdum: ergo omne motum habet <lb/>motorem di&longs;tinctum ab eo, quod moue­<lb/>tur, quod Ari&longs;toteles &longs;ummo cum <lb/>artificio demonstra­<lb/>uit.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><pb xlink:href="011/01/198.jpg" pagenum="178"/><p type="head"> <s>Ex demon&longs;tratione Ari&longs;totelis nona propo&longs;itio <lb/>con&longs;irmatur. </s> <s>Cap. XXXVI.<!-- KEEP S--></s> </p><p type="main"> <s>H<emph type="italics"/>aec e&longs;t demon&longs;tratio Ari&longs;totelis, quam ip&longs;e inuo­<lb/>lutam, & breuem, at que ob&longs;curam prope&longs;uit, vt con­<lb/>templandi an&longs;am lectoribus derelinqueret: <expan abbr="eãdem">eandem</expan> nos <lb/>illis or dinis luminibus, quæ à quolibet vel parum etiam ocula­<lb/>to &longs;pectari po&longs;&longs;unt, v&longs;que adeo illu&longs;trauimus; vt nihil illu&longs;trius. <lb/></s> <s>Nunc par est; vt eamdem in no&longs;trum v&longs;um conuertamus. <lb/></s> <s>Quæ ab extrin&longs;eco mouentur prudentes præterimus, quod ne­<lb/>mo &longs;it, qui inficias eat, omnia, quæ ab extrin&longs;eco mouentur, <lb/>motorem habere di&longs;tinctum, quod &longs;upra quinto loco declara­<lb/>uimus, & ea tantum a&longs;&longs;umimus, quæ ab intrin&longs;eco citantur, <lb/>vt &longs;unt animalia, & elementa. </s> <s>In animalibus totum animal <lb/>à &longs;emetip&longs;o moueri videtur primo. </s> <s>nec <expan abbr="quoniãid">quonianid</expan>, quod inter <lb/>motorem, & motum interest, latet nos propterea dicimus, to­<lb/>tum animal à &longs;emetip&longs;o moueri primo, sed in confe&longs;&longs;o est, ab <lb/>alio, motum animal moueri, id e&longs;t ab anima, quæ, & quod cor <lb/>pus ab ea moueatur, cum ip&longs;o corpore, per accidens mouetur, <lb/>pariratione elementum primo mouetur; & latet à quo mo­<lb/>ueatur; ab alio tamen, elementum moueri oportet, & quam­<lb/>uis motor non appareat, <expan abbr="elem&etilde;tum">elementum</expan> tamen à forma primo mo­<lb/>uetur; que & eo quod elementum primo ab ea moueatur, for <lb/>ma quoque eadem vnà cum ip&longs;o elemento per accidens moue­<lb/>tur. </s> <s>His iactis fundamentis, argumenta ex Ari&longs;totelea de­<lb/>monstratione petita eruuntur, & primo.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Id primo alicui ine&longs;t, quo po&longs;ito illud ponitur; & quo explo <lb/>&longs;o, illud exploditur, cui id primo ine&longs;&longs;e dicitur. </s> <s>Sed po&longs;ito mo­<lb/>tu deor&longs;um, graue ponitur; & motu deor&longs;um explo&longs;o, graue<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/199.jpg" pagenum="179"/><emph type="italics"/>exploditur & po&longs;ito motu &longs;ur&longs;um leue ponitur, & motu &longs;ur­<lb/>&longs;um explo&longs;o, leue exploditur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Ergo motus &longs;ur&longs;um leui, & motus deor&longs;um graui primo in <lb/>est, quatenus tamen non actus, sed &longs;ola inclinatio e&longs;t in vtro­<lb/>que motu. </s> <s>Maior huius argumenti propo&longs;itio ex his manife­<lb/>&longs;tatur, quæ &longs;upra secundo loco annotantur. </s> <s>Minor etiam <lb/>nota tum ex libro tertio Phy&longs;icorum, tum ex libro primo de <lb/>cælo. </s> <s>In Phy&longs;icis dixit Ari&longs;toteles. <!-- KEEP S--></s> <s>Motus e&longs;t actus mobilis, <lb/>& primo cæli &longs;criptum reliquit. </s> <s>Motum &longs;implicem &longs;ur&longs;um <lb/>&longs;implici elemento leui, & motum &longs;implicem deor&longs;um &longs;impli­<lb/>ci elemento graui e&longs;&longs;e tribuendum; & cum reciprocatione: ita <lb/>vt &longs;icut &longs;implex motus e&longs;t &longs;implicis elementi, ita &longs;implex ele­<lb/>mentum &longs;implici motu præditum e&longs;&longs;e oporteat, seu graue, seu <lb/>leue &longs;it illud elementum, quod &longs;implici motu seu &longs;ursum, seu <lb/>deor&longs;um cietur. </s> <s>Quapropter vt motus &longs;ine his, quæ <expan abbr="mou&etilde;tur">mouentur</expan>, <lb/>mente concipi non pote&longs;t: ita motus &longs;implex directus &longs;ine &longs;im­<lb/>plici corpore, quod tali motu directo mouetur excogitari non <lb/>valet. </s> <s>Igitur motu ad medium po&longs;ito, & eaponuntur, quæ <lb/>admedium de&longs;cendunt, & motu ad &longs;upremam huius inferio­<lb/>ris mundi or am constituto, ea quæ ad cælum euolant, consti­<lb/>tuuntur, & his &longs;implicibus explo&longs;is motibus ea &longs;implicia cor­<lb/>por a exploduntur, quæ talibus motibus agitabantur, ante­<lb/>quam exploderentur. </s> <s>Motus ergo &longs;ur&longs;um leui, & deor&longs;um <lb/>graui primo ine&longs;t, & motus vterque de mobili vtroque ne­<lb/>ce&longs;&longs;e est vt primo dicatur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Secundum argumentum ex eadem Aristotelea demon­<lb/>&longs;tratione petitum e&longs;t hoc.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Illud, quod &longs;i ab omnibus partibus explo&longs;um fuerit, à tote <lb/>non propterea exploditur, toti primo ine&longs;&longs;e dicitur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Sed recto motu à quolibet particulari elemento, & à qua-<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/200.jpg" pagenum="180"/><emph type="italics"/>libet eiu&longs;dem elementi particularis parte explo&longs;o, non propte <lb/>rea motus rectus à &longs;implici elemento exploditur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Ergo motus rectus, &longs;implex &longs;implici elemento ine&longs;t primo. <lb/></s> <s>Maior propo&longs;itio nota est ex his, quæ &longs;ecundo loco diximus. <lb/></s> <s>Minor eiiam patet, quia &longs;icut &longs;ingulis hominibus mortuis e&longs;t <lb/>hæc propo&longs;itio vera.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Homo e&longs;t rationis particeps, ita & quibuslibet elementis, <lb/>quibuslibet <expan abbr="eorũdem">eorundem</expan> partibus de&longs;tructis, adhuc vera e&longs;t hac <lb/>propo&longs;itio, graue corpus deor&longs;um rapitur, & leue corpus &longs;ur­<lb/>&longs;um attollitur, quatenus tamen hæc nomina non actum, sed <lb/>facultatem, &longs;eu propen&longs;ionem ad motum explicant.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Si quis roget. </s> <s>Cur dictum est &longs;upra: poni corpus mobile, <lb/>motu po&longs;ito, & explodi eo explo&longs;o; &longs;i nullo corpore &longs;uperstite, <lb/>adhuc vera est hæc propo&longs;itio: graue deor&longs;um, & leue &longs;ur­<lb/>&longs;um ferri?<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Re&longs;pondemus. </s> <s>Facultas mobilis corporis ad motum, mo­<lb/>tui non qui est actu, sed e&longs;&longs;e tantummodo pote&longs;t; & motus, qui <lb/><expan abbr="põt">pont</expan> e&longs;&longs;e mobili qui facult ate moueri potest, non <expan abbr="tam&etilde;">tamen</expan> actu mo<lb/>uetur; proportione <expan abbr="re&longs;põdet">re&longs;pondet</expan>: ita vt motus in actu corpus, quod <lb/>actu moueatur postulet; & corpus, quod actu mouetur, &longs;ine <lb/>eo motu, qui e&longs;t in actu, moueri non possit: quapropter, actus <lb/>actui, & facultas facultati numquam non re&longs;pondet, non au­<lb/>tem actus facultati, nec facult as actui. </s> <s>Nullo itaque actu &longs;u­<lb/>perstite homine, sed omnibus mortuis facultas non tollitur: <lb/>cuius facultatis beneficio vera est hæc propo&longs;itio. </s> <s>Homo est <lb/>rationis particeps. </s> <s>Ita omnibus ablatis grauibus, & leuibus <lb/>corporibus, & quibuslibet eorumdem partibus actu, quia fa­<lb/>cultates &longs;unt adhuc &longs;uperstites verè enunciamus, cum dici­<lb/>mus: grauia, & leuia &longs;ur&longs;um, & deor&longs;um moueri, faculta­<lb/>te tamen, quæ ad propo&longs;itionis veritatem &longs;ufficit.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><pb xlink:href="011/01/201.jpg" pagenum="181"/><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Tertio idem probatur. </s> <s>Quod parte aliquæ primo quie&longs;cen <lb/>te, primo quie&longs;cit, ab illa primo mouetur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Omne elementum parte altera eiu&longs;dem elementi, primo <lb/>quie&longs;cente, primo quie&longs;cit.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Ergo, omne elementum, ab illa primo mouetur. </s> <s>Maior <lb/>huius argumenti propo&longs;itio manife&longs;ta est, exhis, quæ &longs;upra, <lb/>&longs;exto loco notauimus. </s> <s>Minor probatur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Omne continuum, atque diuiduum corpus parte altera <lb/>primo quie&longs;cente, primo quie&longs;cit.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Omne elementum est corpus continuum, atque diui­<lb/>duum.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Ergo omne elementum parte altera primo quie&longs;cente primo <lb/>quie&longs;cit. </s> <s>Quie&longs;cente enim forma elementi primo, totum ele­<lb/>mentum primo quie&longs;cit. </s> <s>Ergo omne elementum à mouente <lb/>forma primo, mouetur primo, quod erat probandum.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Adinuento eo, quod in elementorum motu primo moue­<lb/>tur; nunc dicendorum ordo po&longs;tulare videtur, vt etiam de eo, <lb/>quod primo mota elementa primo mouet, verba faciamus: ha <lb/>ctenus enim de eo &longs;atis locuti non fuimus, ideo primo mouentis <lb/>natura, quæ nam &longs;it, diligentius hoc loco e&longs;t à nobis inue&longs;tigan <lb/>da, atque pertractanda.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Element a igitur primo mouentur ergo habent motorem, <lb/>qui primo moueat; con&longs;equentia probatur. </s> <s>Cuilibet pa­<lb/>tiendi facultati agendi facultas nece&longs;&longs;ario re&longs;pondet, vt <lb/>colligere licet ex Aristotelis libro quinto Diuinorum par­<lb/>ticula decima&longs;eptima: ratio e&longs;t, quia quod agere, & quod <lb/>pati potest, (eadem actiua, & passiua vocantur) &longs;unt <lb/>in his, quæ vicissim conferuntur: hæc &longs;ic &longs;unt compara­<lb/>ta, vt alterum cum altero &longs;it, & alterum &longs;ine altero e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>nequeat, alterum per alterum cogno&longs;catur, & alterum<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/202.jpg" pagenum="182"/><emph type="italics"/>&longs;ine altero cogno&longs;ci non valeat. </s> <s>Hic motor non est cælum, <lb/>quod grauia deor&longs;um pellat, & leuia &longs;ur&longs;um trahat: quia <lb/>(vt docuit Ari&longs;toteles libro secundo de cælo particula octua <lb/>ge&longs;imatertia) hi &longs;unt motus violenti, quibus factis; omnia cor <lb/>pora media pellerentur; ac traherentur, & quorum ratione <lb/>eodem tempore idem corpus &longs;ursum, & deor&longs;um moueretur, <lb/>&longs;i eodem tempore contingeret vt leuia &longs;ur&longs;um traherentur, & <lb/>grauia deorsum pellerentur; quia di&longs;tans à di&longs;tanti non pelli­<lb/>tur, nec trahitur, ni&longs;i omnia media corpora cum pul&longs;o pellan­<lb/>tur, & cum tracto trahantur. </s> <s>Neque id, quod elementa gi­<lb/>gnit ab initio; Nequeid, quod impedimentum aufert, ea mo­<lb/>uet: quippe cum hæc duo ab eo, quod mouetur; non rarò di­<lb/>stare accidat; & aliquando etiam, dum elementa mouentur, <lb/>nihil horum &longs;uperstes exi&longs;tat. </s> <s>Ergo nihil horum primo mo­<lb/>uere potest.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Dicet forte qui&longs;piam. </s> <s>Mouendi vis illius, quod gignit ab <lb/>initio in elemento genito con&longs;eruatur, à qua elementum pri­<lb/>mo mouetur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Contra. <!-- KEEP S--></s> <s>Cau&longs;am effectui propriam &longs;ui vim communicare, <lb/>nihil est aliud, quam effectum à tali cau&longs;a productum, ab <lb/>eadem naturam habere, ac vitam, quod nihit actu ponit in <lb/>cau&longs;a, sed motus fixum non habet e&longs;&longs;e, fixam vitam, & natu <lb/>ram non habet, sed tantum habet e&longs;&longs;e fluidum, quatenus tan­<lb/>tum est; dum fluit; ac fit, & po&longs;tquam factus e&longs;t, nullum ha­<lb/>bet e&longs;&longs;e, cum <expan abbr="numquã">numquam</expan> non fluat. </s> <s>Ergo à cau&longs;a existente actu <lb/>&longs;olummodo fit, & non à cau&longs;a, quæ tantum virtute existat. <lb/></s> <s>At quod genuit, & quod impedimentum ab&longs;tulit, ab elemen <lb/>to moto &longs;æpe vel distant, vel antequam mouere de&longs;ierint, pe­<lb/>rierunt. </s> <s>Ergo elementorum motus à vi, seu facultate cau&longs;æ <lb/>mouentis non fit. </s> <s>Ergo vis, aut facultas illius, quod ab initio ge-<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/203.jpg" pagenum="183"/><emph type="italics"/>nuit, vel impedimentum ab&longs;tulit, elementa nec mouet; nec mo<lb/>uere potest. </s> <s>Neque medium ab elemento motum, elementum <lb/>primo mouet: quippe, quod medium ab elemento motum non <lb/>per se elementum, &longs;ed per accidens tantum moueat, vt nauis, <lb/>quæ à nauta per &longs;e mouetur, eumdem per accidens mouet. <lb/></s> <s>Nos cau&longs;am, quæ per &longs;e & primo, & <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> per accidens tantum <lb/>motum facit, hoc loco inuenire conamur. </s> <s>Neque <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> <lb/>locus elementa primo mouet. </s> <s>Quoniam locus (vt &longs;upra di&longs;pu­<lb/>tauimus) vt rei motæ finis, ac perfectio tantum mouet, non vt <lb/>forma nec vt efficiens ni&longs;i quatenus locus rem locatam &longs;uo <expan abbr="cõ-plexu">con­<lb/>plexu</expan> continet; qua ratione, vt forma mouere dicitur; & ra­<lb/>tione qua finis forma, & perfectio in vnum &longs;æpe coheunt, sed <lb/>omnes i&longs;tæ motuum &longs;pecies &longs;unt metapborici motus, vt &longs;crip&longs;it <lb/>Aristoteles. <!-- KEEP S--></s> <s>primo de ortu, & interituparticula quinquage <lb/>&longs;imaquinta, & nos veri motus facientem cau&longs;am quærimus.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Si ergo nec cælum, nec generans, nec remouens <expan abbr="impedim&etilde;">impedimen</expan> <lb/>tum, nec locus, nec medium, nec aliud extrin&longs;ecum elementa <lb/>mouet primo, aliud intrin&longs;ecum erit à quo elementorum mo­<lb/>tus primo fiat. </s> <s>Nam extrin&longs;ecum aliud fingere non licet, &longs;i <lb/>hic motus ab intrin&longs;eco principio primo fit, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> à materia; quia <lb/>nullam vim faciendi motum habet, cum materia actu res nul <lb/>la &longs;it; & vnumquodque, quod fit ab eo tantum fieri oporteat, <lb/>quod actu exi&longs;tit. </s> <s>Ergo à forma grauia deor&longs;um, & leuia &longs;ur <lb/>&longs;um primo, nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t, vt moueantur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Confirmatur demonstratione Aristotelis tum &longs;eptimo, <lb/>tum octauo Phy&longs;icorum, vbi primum motum à &longs;e, quod est <lb/><expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> cælum dariprobatur idque ab intrin&longs;eco primo princi­<lb/>pio, quæ e&longs;t cæli forma, seu assi&longs;tat, &longs;eu informet primo mo­<lb/>uetur. </s> <s>Ergo per locum à &longs;imili, & elementum à propria for­<lb/>ma intrin&longs;eca primo mouebitur, nec aliquid roboris forma<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/204.jpg" pagenum="184"/><emph type="italics"/>assi&longs;tens ab hoc argumento aufert, quandoquidem assistens <lb/>forma, quam informans corpori cui assi&longs;tit immediatius ad­<lb/>heret, quod alio loco di&longs;putauimus.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Confirmatur per alium locum topicum, &longs;i de quo minus in <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e videtur, & ine&longs;t. </s> <s>Ergo & de quo magis, sed minus vide­<lb/>tur totum primum mobile à &longs;emetip&longs;o, id e&longs;t à propria forma <lb/>primo moueri, quam elementum; verumtamen primum mo­<lb/>bile à prima illius forma primo mouetur. </s> <s>Ergo & elementum <lb/>totum à propria eiu&longs;dem elementi forma & magis primo mo<lb/>uebitur. </s> <s>Maior nota: minor probatur: maior e&longs;t vnio inter <lb/>mobile primum, & illius formam, quam inter formam, & <lb/>materiam elementi; Ergo minus videtur, primum mobile ab <lb/>illius forma, primo moueri: probatur con&longs;equentia. </s> <s>Omne <lb/>motum di&longs;tinctum motorem habet ex demon&longs;tratione Ari­<lb/>&longs;totelis, quam &longs;upra deduximus. </s> <s>Ergo vbi di&longs;tinctio minor mi <lb/>nus videtur mobile moueripo&longs;&longs;e; vbi di&longs;tinctio maior magis vi­<lb/>detur, sedinter formam, & elementum e&longs;t maior di&longs;tinctio, <lb/>quam inter primum intellectum, & mobile primum. </s> <s>Ergo mi <lb/>nus videtur, illud ibi primo moueri, quod mouetur. </s> <s>Vnionem <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e maiorem, & distinctionem minorem, inter intellectum <lb/>primum, & mobile primum grauiter, & acutèprobat philo­<lb/>&longs;ophus numquam &longs;atis laudatus Auerroes libro &longs;ecundo de <lb/>cælo commentatione tertia, dum cælum (ait) & illius intel­<lb/>lectus, nullis interiectis mediis <expan abbr="dim&etilde;&longs;ionibus">dimen&longs;ionibus</expan> immediatè vniun <lb/>tur, forma, & materia elementi non ni&longs;i mediis interceptis in <lb/>definitis dimen&longs;ionibus vniri po&longs;&longs;unt.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Ergo maior e&longs;t vnio primi intellectus, & cali, quam ma­<lb/>teriæ, & formæ in elementis. </s> <s>Ergo minus videtur, cælum à &longs;e <lb/>primo, po&longs;&longs;e moueri, quam elementum; mouetur tamen: ergo <lb/>multo magis elementum à &longs;e, primo mouebitur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><pb xlink:href="011/01/205.jpg" pagenum="185"/><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Huc omnia argumenta afferri po&longs;&longs;unt, quibus &longs;eptimum <lb/>dictum confirmatur: ea præ&longs;ertim, quæ ex definitione natu­<lb/>ræ petuntur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Hæc eorum, quæ ab ip&longs;a mouentur, non modo per &longs;e prin­<lb/>cipium e&longs;&longs;e ab Aristotele demonstratur libro Phy&longs;icorum &longs;e <lb/>cundo; &longs;ed & principium per &longs;e & primum: atqui elemento­<lb/>rum motus est naturalis, qui ab eorumdem natura na&longs;citur, <lb/>non à materia, quæ propter rationem &longs;æpe repetitam, non <lb/>mouet: ergo à forma, quæ est elementorum; verius natura, <lb/>quam materia, element a primo mouentur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Confirmatur: in omni natura, in qua e&longs;t quod patitur, e&longs;t <lb/>etiam quod facit, &longs;ed in natura elementorum e&longs;t materia, quæ <lb/>patitur. </s> <s>Ergo in natura elementorum erit forma, quæ mo­<lb/>tum facit, & primo, quia natura e&longs;t principium motus pri­<lb/>mum. </s> <s>Maior est Aristotelis libro tertio de anima particu­<lb/>la decimaoctaua, & decimanona, qua intellectus agentis <lb/>in anima necessitatem, qui faciat, probat, quod in <lb/>ea &longs;it possibilis nuncupatus intellectus, qui pa­<lb/>titur: minor manife&longs;ta, & argumen­<lb/>tum est in tertio modo primæ <lb/>figuræ: ergo, <lb/>&c.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Hactenus vniuer&longs;æ controuer&longs;iæ &longs;ecundam par­<lb/>tem ab&longs;oluimus nunc ad tertiam eiu&longs;dem <lb/>partem eadem methodo ab&longs;oluen­<lb/>dam aggrediamur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><pb xlink:href="011/01/206.jpg" pagenum="186"/><p type="head"> <s>HIERONYMVS BORRIVS <lb/>PETRO VICTORIO. S.<!-- KEEP S--></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Homo qui ratione viuit, non &longs;olum ab aliis inuen <lb/>ta cogno&longs;cere, amplificare, & meliora reddere, &longs;ed <lb/>& noua reperire pote&longs;t: acutum enim & efficax <lb/>humanum ingenium quolibet ancipiti gladio pe <lb/>netrantius ad omnium v&longs;que medullas pertingit, <lb/>rerum qu&ecedil; ibi abditœ latitant vim & naturam in­<lb/>tro&longs;picit, vt videat, quid &longs;int, quid inter illas inter <lb/>&longs;it, quid moliantur, & agant: quamobrem, quæ alij non viderint, vi­<lb/>dere cuilibet in promptu e&longs;t. </s> <s>Ego, qui homo &longs;um, tamet&longs;i tenui inge­<lb/>nio præditus, multa &longs;æpenumero, quæ nouitatis &longs;peciem quamdam <lb/>præ&longs;eferre videntur mecum ip&longs;e excogito: ea &longs;imulatque excogitaui <lb/>ad æquam veritatis lancem expendo quorumdam communium lo­<lb/>corum, quos non aliis, &longs;ed vni mihi meo marte affabre con&longs;truxi; <lb/>quorum breuis complexus id omne continet, quod vniuer&longs;i ambitu <lb/>comprehenditur: &longs;i &longs;ub aliquo meorum locorum inueniuntur, in <lb/>apertum prodeunt, non vt mea à me nuper excogitata, &longs;ed vt à peran­<lb/>tiquis illis Philo&longs;ophis iam diu inuenta, ex quorum primis fonti­<lb/>bus loci mei communes manarunt: itaque aut &longs;cribuntur, aut de <lb/>&longs;uperiore illo primo loco, quo me nihil omnino ambientem, aut ea <lb/>dere nihil pror&longs;us cogitantem. </s> <s>Franci&longs;cus Medices ad rem medi­<lb/>cam Pi&longs;is publicè profitendam acciuit, con&longs;entienti concordique <lb/>meorum auditorum coronæ his aut non di&longs;&longs;imilibus verbis expen­<lb/>denda proponuntur. </s> <s>Hæc Ari&longs;toteles docuit, illa Plato di&longs;putauit. <lb/></s> <s>Hæc à Galeno &longs;cripta, illa ab Hyppocrate po&longs;teritati con&longs;ignata fue­<lb/>runt: quibus artibus, tum meæ doctrinæ fidem, tum mihi aucto­<lb/>ritatem conciliaturum facile &longs;pero: meæ quidem doctrinæ: quia <lb/>qui me di&longs;putantem audiunt, vel etiam in uiti & reluctantes dicere <lb/>coguntur, maximam Borrij verbis adhibendam e&longs;&longs;e fidem, quod non <lb/>ip&longs;e, &longs;ed præ&longs;tanti&longs;&longs;imi illi bonarum artium proceres in illius ore <lb/>loquantur: mihi quia me non &longs;uperbum, non vanitate inhatum ac <lb/>tumentem, non ingratum, &longs;ed humilem, mode&longs;tum, ac meis illis præ <lb/>ceptoribus, de quorum &longs;apientia &longs;um quicquid &longs;um, gratum iudica­<lb/>bunt: quando mea omnis doctrina illis (vt par e&longs;t) accepta refertur. <lb/></s> <s>At &longs;i meæ cogitationes &longs;ub meis communibus locis adinuentæ non <lb/>fuerint, aut tamquam grauiter &longs;u&longs;pectæ &longs;tatim &longs;upprimuntur, aut <expan abbr="cõ">com</expan> <pb xlink:href="011/01/207.jpg" pagenum="187"/>ditæ <expan abbr="cõ&longs;eruantur">con&longs;eruantur</expan>, donec <expan abbr="t&etilde;poris">temporis</expan> longitudine con&longs;ene&longs;cant, & prius <lb/>quam hanc lucem videant tamdem intereant. </s> <s>Non enim is &longs;um qui <lb/>noui aliquid inuenire me po&longs;&longs;e confidam, nec qui res meas tanti fa­<lb/>ciam, quin illas, &longs;i quidem opus fuerit, interire quotidie patiar. </s> <s>Ne­<lb/>que idcirco po&longs;teriores etiam &longs;criptores omnino po&longs;thabendos e&longs;&longs;o <lb/>cen&longs;eo, &longs;ed obiter, & veluti pertran&longs;ennam raptim legendos: quapro­<lb/>pter ego veluti alter librorum gurges, & helluo eo&longs;dem citi&longs;&longs;ime de­<lb/>uorare con&longs;ueuui: tum colligo memetip&longs;e, habeoque delectum, & <lb/>quod probabile mihi ac verum vi&longs;um &longs;it, id totum in meorum loco­<lb/>rum ordinem libenter transfero, ac vtor pro meis cætera prudens pr&ecedil; <lb/>tereo, & id quod &longs;upere&longs;t honc&longs;ti ocii, &longs;upere&longs;t autem <expan abbr="quamplurimũ">quamplurimum</expan>, <lb/>in veterum monumentis nocturna, atque diurna manu ver&longs;andis <expan abbr="cõ-&longs;umitur">con­<lb/>&longs;umitur</expan>, vt ex illis doctrina purior hauriatur. </s> <s>Id an verum &longs;it, hic, de <lb/>grauium & leuium motu liber, cuius tertia hæc pars &longs;ub tuo nomi­<lb/>ne prodit, fidem facere poterit: in qua nihil nouarum rerum legitur, <lb/>&longs;ed omnia pri&longs;cam illam bonorum ætatem redolent, qu&ecedil; hactenus <lb/>inculta iacuit. </s> <s>Hi mei labores &longs;i abs te probabuntur, quem omnes <lb/>boni ingenua & liberali doctrina præditum omnibu&longs;que numeris, <lb/>ac partibus ab&longs;olutum (clara enim tua virtus adeo refulget, vt etiam <lb/>exteras nationes ad te videndum confluentes ob&longs;tupefaciat, & totus <lb/>penè orbis &longs;cientiam tuam admiretur & laudet) ac vt vno verbo di­<lb/>cam, vt optimum ament, & pr&ecedil;dicent; nemo mehercule nemo futu­<lb/>rus vmquam e&longs;t, qui eo&longs;dem non &longs;it magnopere commendaturus. <lb/></s> <s>Tu igitur Cari&longs;&longs;ime & Amanti&longs;&longs;ime Petre virtutum omnium <lb/>liberalium ornamentum, quæ tua e&longs;t humanitas tertiam <lb/>hanc partem excipe vt tuam: eam dem &longs;i exceperis, <lb/>huic & prioribus duabus partibus <lb/>plurimum auctorita­<lb/>tis accedet. <lb/></s> <s>Vale. <!-- KEEP S--></s></p><pb xlink:href="011/01/208.jpg" pagenum="188"/></chap><chap><p type="head"> <s>TERTIA PARS <lb/>PERIPATETICAE <lb/>DISPVTATIONIS <lb/>DE MOTV GRAVIVM. <lb/>ET LEVIVM <lb/>AVCTORE HIERONYMO BORRIO</s></p><p type="head"> <s>Philo&longs;opho, ac Medico Arretino.<!-- KEEP S--></s></p><p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Abeodem in Almo Pi&longs;ano Gymna&longs;io publicè <lb/>profitente di&longs;putata.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head"> <s>Propo&longs;itæ quæ&longs;tionis tertia pars princeps, in qua <lb/>contra primam propo&longs;itionem argumenta <lb/>nonnulla feruntur. </s> <s>Cap. I.<!-- KEEP S--></s> </p><p type="main"> <s>QVVM <emph type="italics"/>mecum &longs;æpe reputarem, <lb/>non ad di&longs;cordias, & bella, &longs;ed <lb/>ad concordiam & hum anitatem <lb/>animantes omnes natos e&longs;&longs;e; <expan abbr="alio-rũ">alio­<lb/>rum</expan> vtilitati con&longs;ulendum pro mea <lb/>virili parte, fore ratus &longs;um: quod <lb/>v&longs;que modo ita me feci&longs;&longs;e puto, <lb/>vt &longs;ic fe­<lb/>ci&longs;&longs;e non <lb/>pæniteat, & ne omnino vitam &longs;ilentio tran&longs;igerem, opus <lb/>hoc etiam amicorum fretus con&longs;iliis pertexui: ex quo vt ma­<lb/>iorem commoditatem, vberioremque fructum legentes ca­<lb/>piant, tum breuiter, tum ordinatim procedendo. </s> <s>In hac ter­<lb/>tia huius propo&longs;itæ quæstionis parte argumenta nonnulla ad-<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/209.jpg" pagenum="189"/><emph type="italics"/>ducentur, quorum exitus quo ad per nos fieri poterit effica­<lb/>cius explicabuntur, & eumdem or dinem dicendo &longs;eruabimus, <lb/>quem huic quæ&longs;tioni &longs;upra adhibuimus; vnamquamque ete­<lb/>nim propo&longs;itionem, eo quo distributæ &longs;unt ordine, argumen­<lb/>tis quibu&longs;dam veluti arietibus concutere tentabimus, & arie­<lb/>tes propugnaculis repellemus, quo fiat, vt latens veritas erua­<lb/>tur, & primo aduer&longs;us <expan abbr="primã">primam</expan> propo&longs;itionem pro no&longs;tris qua­<lb/>libu&longs;cumque viribus elementa à generante non moueri hi&longs;ce <lb/>rationibus o&longs;tendere adnitemur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Omne quod à generante pendet, generantis actione duran <lb/>te fit, ea ce&longs;&longs;ante factum e&longs;t, sed motus numquam e&longs;t factus, <lb/>verum &longs;emper fit: ergo motus à generante non pendet.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Re&longs;pondeo. <!-- KEEP S--></s> <s>Maior propo&longs;itio in &longs;olis rebus permanentibus, <lb/>non autem in his, quorum e&longs;&longs;e perpetuo fluit, veritatem habe­<lb/>re potest; eius generis &longs;unt motus, & tempus; hæc duo eatenus <lb/>&longs;unt, quatenus fiunt, licet numquam &longs;iut facta; de quibus ve­<lb/>rè affirmari potest illud diuini Platonis in Timæo. <!-- KEEP S--></s> <s>In rerum <lb/>vniuer&longs;itate quædam e&longs;&longs;e, quæ gignantur & intereant neque <lb/>vmquam &longs;int: inter quæ tum motus, tum etiam tempus iure <lb/>optimo referri po&longs;&longs;unt, quia nullum habent e&longs;&longs;e fixum, ac per <lb/>manens, sed tantum fluidum, quodin &longs;ola generatione con&longs;i­<lb/>&longs;tit, quæ po&longs;tquam e&longs;t ab&longs;oluta, nullum opus, nulla res factæ <lb/>&longs;uperest, vt &longs;crip&longs;is Ari&longs;toteles libro nono Diuinorum parti­<lb/>cula decima&longs;exta, & alibi de quibus maior propo&longs;itio intelli­<lb/>gi non pote&longs;t, sed de illis tantum est intelligenda, quorum e&longs;&longs;e, <lb/>po&longs;tquam agens agere de&longs;ut est &longs;uper&longs;tes.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Secundo aduer&longs;us eamdem primam propo&longs;itionem est lo­<lb/>cus apertus Auerrois libro tertio de cælo commentatione vi­<lb/>ge&longs;imaoctaua. </s> <s>Quando graue (inquit Auerroes) &longs;ecundum <lb/>facultatem e&longs;&longs;entialem ad &longs;uum locum natur alem mcuetur<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/210.jpg" pagenum="190"/><emph type="italics"/>non à generante &longs;ed a &longs;ua forma immediate mouetur. </s> <s>Ergo <lb/>generans &longs;ecundum facultatem e&longs;&longs;entialem nuncupatam, ele <lb/>menta non mouet, sed propria elementorum forma ea est à <lb/>qua &longs;ecundum eamdem e&longs;&longs;entialem vocatam facultatem ele­<lb/>menta moueriab Auerroe dicuntur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Re&longs;pondeo, & primo non nulla ponuntur, quibus po&longs;itis, <lb/>primo ad argumenti materiam, &longs;ecundo ad eiu&longs;dem formam <lb/>re&longs;pondebitur. </s> <s>Elementorum ergo, quæ non dum genita &longs;unt, <lb/>facultas est in contrarij elementi &longs;ubiecto, vt &longs;upra diximus, <lb/>in quo duæ &longs;unt &longs;eu præparationes, &longs;eu di&longs;po&longs;itiones (vt. </s> <s>Auer <lb/>rois more loquamur) Præparatio prior ad formam po&longs;terior <lb/>ad motum nuncupatur: hæ duæ elementorum præparationes <lb/>non in duobus, &longs;ed in vno tantum &longs;ubiecto inueniuntur, quod <lb/>est prima materia.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>In animalibus præparatio ad formam est in materia pri­<lb/>ma, & præparatio ad motum est in eo, quod ex materia, & <lb/>ex forma conflatur. </s> <s>Ambæ elementorum præparationes <lb/>aptissimo quodam non temporis, sed &longs;olius originis, & naturæ <lb/>ordine distribuuntur. </s> <s>Hic illæ e&longs;t, qui inter cau&longs;am & effe­<lb/>ctum intercipi &longs;olet; cxempli gratia. </s> <s>In materia olei ex quo <lb/>gignenda e&longs;t flamma, præparatio ad formam ignis, & ad <lb/>motum &longs;ur&longs;um, &longs;imul tempore &longs;unt; licet ignis materia ordi­<lb/>ne originis, atque naturæ prius ad formam, quam ad motum <lb/>&longs;it di&longs;po&longs;ita, id quod apertè &longs;criptum reliquit Auerroes libro <lb/>quarto de cælo <expan abbr="cõmentatione">commentatione</expan> vige&longs;imaquinta. </s> <s>Ratio e&longs;t, quia <lb/>ab vno in quantum vnum immediatè non na&longs;citur ni&longs;i vnum, <lb/>vt Auctor e&longs;t Ari&longs;toteles libro &longs;ecundo de generatione par­<lb/>ticula quinquage&longs;ima&longs;exta, quod &longs;i plura ab vno na&longs;cantur, <lb/>nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t, vt prioris, & po&longs;terioris ordo inter illa intercedat. <lb/></s> <s>Ideo à generante in materia contrarij elementi &longs;implicis præ-<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/211.jpg" pagenum="191"/><emph type="italics"/>paratio e&longs;t ad formam, & ad motum: hæ duæ præparationes <lb/>in actum tamen &longs;imul duci non po&longs;&longs;unt, ni&longs;iordo prioris, & <lb/>po&longs;terioris inter illas interce&longs;&longs;erit origine &longs;altem, & natura, <lb/>& &longs;i non tempore. </s> <s>Primo generans formam, quodammodo <lb/>mouens e&longs;&longs;e videtur, efficit enim primo formam, & cum for­<lb/>ma &longs;ecundo motum facit: perindeac illæ, qui Amphoram <lb/>primo construit, efficit &longs;ecundo vt vinum continere valeat: <lb/>hic tamen or do prioris, & posterioris non est ordo temporis, <lb/>&longs;ed naturæ & originis. </s> <s>His con&longs;titutis ad argumenti <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> <lb/>re&longs;pondetur. </s> <s>Auerroes cum elementa &longs;ecundum facultatem <lb/>e&longs;&longs;entialem à generante moueri dixit, non de &longs;ecunda præpa­<lb/>ratione ad motum, sed de prima, quæ e&longs;t ad <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, est intelli­<lb/>gendus, quia generans elementum elemento dat formam, & <lb/>cum forma ea omnia liberalissimè largitur, quæ formam ne­<lb/>ce&longs;&longs;ariòcon&longs;e quuntur, vt est motus. </s> <s>Cum de eadem e&longs;&longs;entiali <lb/>facultate non à generante, sed à propria forma, elementum <lb/>moueri a&longs;&longs;eruit, id est omnino verum, &longs;i &longs;ecundæ præparatio­<lb/>nis, quæ est ad motum, ratio habeatur: hæc à generante ad <lb/>actum immediatè non ducitur, sed <expan abbr="mediãte">mediante</expan> forma, à qua hæc <lb/>&longs;ecunda præparatio ad actum immediatè transfertur: &longs;ecun­<lb/>dum ergo facultatem e&longs;&longs;entialem elementum ab vtroque prin <lb/>cipio mouetur, à generante mediante forma, & à forma im­<lb/>mediatè, & vtraque præparatio est in materia contrarij ele­<lb/>menti, sed habit a ratione prioris præparationis à generante <lb/>elementa moueri dicuntur, habita ratione po&longs;terioris præpa­<lb/>rationis, elementa à propria, natur alique eorumdem forma <lb/>mouentur: idque &longs;ecundum facultatem e&longs;&longs;entialem e&longs;t intel­<lb/>ligendum, &longs;emper habita ratione or dinis illius, qui non e&longs;t tem <lb/>poris, sed originis, & naturæ.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Hæc ad materiam, nunc ad formam; inficianda <expan abbr="con&longs;equ&etilde;-">con&longs;equen-</expan><emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/212.jpg" pagenum="192"/><emph type="italics"/>tia est. </s> <s>Non enim &longs;equitur graue &longs;ecundum facultatem e&longs;&longs;en <lb/>tialem à <expan abbr="generãte">generante</expan> immediatè, non mouetur, sed à &longs;ua forma. <lb/></s> <s>Ergogenerans, &longs;ecundum eamdem facultatem e&longs;&longs;entialem <lb/>elementum non mouet. </s> <s>Nam ab vtroque mouente principio <lb/>element a mouentur, sed ratione diuer&longs;a; vt &longs;upra diximus.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Re&longs;pondeo &longs;ecundo, & breuius, & e&longs;t eadem ferè re&longs;pon­<lb/>&longs;io, sed paucioribus ab&longs;oluta, id e&longs;t tum graue, tum leue ele­<lb/>mentum &longs;ecundum facultatem e&longs;&longs;entialem ad motum &longs;ur­<lb/>&longs;um, & deor&longs;um à generante mediatè tamen traducitur, im­<lb/>mediatè autem à propria forma vtrumque elementum cie­<lb/>tur: inficianda e&longs;t ergo con&longs;equentia, vt prius.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Contra illud, quod constantissimè affirm auimùs, dum ge­<lb/>nerans non per &longs;e, sed per accidens mouere diximus: apertus <lb/>est locus Auerroislibro primo de cælo commentatione vige­<lb/>&longs;ima&longs;ecunda. </s> <s>Cuius hæc &longs;unt verba. </s> <s>Motor, in eis e&longs;&longs;entiali­<lb/>ter e&longs;t generans, & motum e&longs;t genitum. </s> <s>Ergo generans ele­<lb/>menta e&longs;&longs;entialiter, quod non est, per accidens tantum, &longs;ed <lb/>per&longs;e, genità elementa mouet, vt ibi meridiana luce clarius <lb/>te&longs;tatur Auerroes.<emph.end type="italics"/><!-- KEEP S--></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Re&longs;pondeo primo. </s> <s>Habita ratione primæ præpar ationis e&longs; <lb/>&longs;entialiter, habita ratione &longs;ecundæ præpar ationis accidenta­<lb/>liter à generante elementa mouentur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Re&longs;&longs;ondeo &longs;ecundo: generans e&longs;t cau&longs;a e&longs;&longs;entialis genera­<lb/>tionis elementorum, &longs;ed motus eorumdem, generans est cau­<lb/>&longs;a, per accidens, quia generans non mouet, ni&longs;i mediante for­<lb/>ma, quam præstat elemento, cum qua largitur, & motum; <lb/>non mouet etiam generans, ni&longs;i mediante medio moto, ideo per <lb/>&longs;e non mouet, sed per accidens, &longs;eu per aliud, quia aut per for <lb/>mam nuper genitam, aut per medium prius motum: <expan abbr="generãs">generans</expan> <lb/>ergo elementa, quatenus est elementorum cau&longs;a e&longs;&longs;entialis,<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/213.jpg" pagenum="193"/><emph type="italics"/>dum à <expan abbr="generãte">generante</expan> elementa <expan abbr="gignũtur">gignuntur</expan>, & quatenus e&longs;t cau&longs;a e&longs;­<lb/>&longs;entialis generationis <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan>, eorumdem motor e&longs;&longs;entialis <lb/><expan abbr="nũcupatur">nuncupatur</expan>, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> quætenus mouet. </s> <s><expan abbr="Negãda">Neganda</expan> ergo <expan abbr="cõ&longs;equentia">con&longs;equentia</expan> e&longs;t.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head"> <s>Contra &longs;ecundam propo&longs;itionem &longs;ecundæ partis, <lb/>in qua elementorum motus per accidens ad <lb/>per &longs;e motum redigitur. </s> <s>Cap. II.<!-- KEEP S--></s> </p><p type="main"> <s>NVMERIS <emph type="italics"/>omnibus ab&longs;oluta tractatio, vt nihil <expan abbr="re-dundãs">re­<lb/>dundans</expan>, ita nihil <expan abbr="imminutũ">imminutum</expan> continet, id quod de <expan abbr="&longs;ecũ-da">&longs;ecun­<lb/>da</expan> propo&longs;itione minimè affirmari pote&longs;t: <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> in ea non­<lb/>nulla v&longs;que adeo nece&longs;&longs;aria de&longs;iderentur, vt &longs;ine illis mutila, <lb/>at que truncata videatur: nempe motus, & motores per &longs;e; <lb/>ad quos motus, & motores per accidens redigantur. </s> <s>Omne <lb/>enim per accidens tale in per &longs;e tale redigi debet. </s> <s>Omne quod <lb/><expan abbr="impedimentũ">impedimentum</expan> tollit, per accidens mouet. </s> <s>Ergo omne, quodim­<lb/>pedimentum tollit, in per &longs;e motum, & in per &longs;e <expan abbr="mouent&etilde;">mouentem</expan> <expan abbr="cau-sã">cau­<lb/>sam</expan> est <expan abbr="redig&etilde;dum">redigendum</expan>, hic per &longs;e motus, & hæc per &longs;e mouens cau­<lb/>&longs;a, qualis nam &longs;it, non dum liquet: numeris ergo omnibus ab­<lb/>&longs;oluta tractatio non dum e&longs;t, sed rudis vix dum, & inchoata, <lb/>in qua hæc, quæ valde nece&longs;&longs;aria &longs;unt, de&longs;iderantur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Re&longs;pondeo. <!-- KEEP S--></s> <s>clementum ab eo, quod impedimentum tollit <lb/>per accidens mouetur, id quod impe dimentum remouet, impe <lb/>dimentum per &longs;e mouet. </s> <s>Mouetur etiam elementum per ac­<lb/>cidens à generante; & generans motu generationis totum ele <lb/>mentum per &longs;e mouet, cum totum elementum per &longs;e à gene­<lb/>rante gignatur. </s> <s>Ad hæc totum elementum per &longs;e à propria <lb/>forma mouetur. </s> <s>Quapropter hic per accidens motus ad per <lb/>&longs;e motum hac ratione redigitur: & hi per accidens motores <lb/>ad per &longs;e motores hac ratione rediguntur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><pb xlink:href="011/01/214.jpg" pagenum="194"/><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Admotum &longs;cilicet generationis per &longs;e à generante <expan abbr="natũ">natum</expan>, <lb/>ad per &longs;e motum impedimenti ab eo factum, quod impedimen <lb/>tum abstulit, ad motum medij à propria medij forma exor­<lb/>tum; & ad motum elementi, ab eiu&longs;dem elementi propria <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb/>forma productum. </s> <s>ct motores per accidens, ad huiu&longs;modi per <lb/>&longs;e motores hac ratione &longs;unt redigendi. </s> <s>Id est, adid, quod ele­<lb/>menta per &longs;e gignit: ad formam elementi elementa, per &longs;e <lb/>mouentem: adid quod impedimentum mouet, dum illud per <lb/>&longs;e tollit, & ad propriam formam medij, quæ per &longs;e mouet me <lb/>dium, vt ergo nihilredundans, ita nihil imminutum, &longs;ed ea <expan abbr="tã-tum">tan­<lb/>tum</expan>, quæ nece&longs;&longs;aria &longs;unt hæc &longs;ecunda propo&longs;itio hoc modo ex­<lb/>po&longs;ita continet.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head"> <s>Contra tertiam &longs;ecundæ partis propo&longs;itionem, in <lb/>qua modus, quo ad locum elementa mouen­<lb/>tur, copiosè di&longs;putatur. </s> <s>Cap. III.<!-- KEEP S--></s> </p><p type="main"> <s>I<emph type="italics"/>n hac parte proprium elementorum locum non mouere. <lb/></s> <s>vt finis demon&longs;trare contendimus, & prius <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> argumen­<lb/>tum adducatur, duo ponuntur: quorum alterum illud e&longs;t, <lb/>quod ab Aristotele &longs;cribitur libro quarto de cælo particula <lb/>vige&longs;imaquinta: cuius hæc paraphrastica ferè &longs;unt verba, <lb/>quod tale est facultate, ei &longs;imile e&longs;&longs;e dici pote&longs;t, quod tale iam <lb/>e&longs;t actu, vt ignis, qui re ip&longs;a, perfectus e&longs;t, & actu in &longs;uperiori <lb/>loco, vt in &longs;imili quie&longs;cit, qui ex facultate ad actum prorum­<lb/>pit, extra proprium locum exi&longs;tit, & in &longs;uperiorem plagam <lb/>ad &longs;ibi &longs;imilem <expan abbr="ign&etilde;">ignem</expan> &longs;ubuolat, vt terra extra centrum, qua vis<lb/>ratione con&longs;tituta, ad <expan abbr="terrã">terram</expan> in centro, vt ad <expan abbr="&longs;imil&etilde;">&longs;imilem</expan> fertur &c. <lb/></s> <s>hæc ab Ari&longs;totele parum immutata &longs;cribuntur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Alterum, quod ponimus est. </s> <s>Ignea vniuer&longs;itas, in eum lo<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/215.jpg" pagenum="195"/><emph type="italics"/>cum transferatur, vbi nunc terræ exi&longs;tit, & pars ignis in lo­<lb/>co, aut aeris, aut aquæ derélinquatur, & vniuer&longs;itas terræ <lb/>ex centro extracta in &longs;upremum locum a&longs;cendat, vbi nunc e&longs;t <lb/>ignis, & ibi quie&longs;cat, & pars terræ in loco, aut aeris, aut aquæ <lb/>derelinquantur. </s> <s>Nec &longs;it quihas hypothe&longs;es dandas non e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>contendat, quando particula vige&longs;ima&longs;ecunda, & vige&longs;imæ <lb/>quarta libri quarti de cælo ab Ari&longs;totele dantur: quibus da­<lb/>tis argumentum in formam redactum &longs;cribimus, & Topicam <lb/>regulam addimus. </s> <s>Sicut &longs;impliciter ad &longs;impliciter, ita magis <lb/>ad magis, & maxime ad maxime. </s> <s>Sed elementum &longs;implex <lb/>ad &longs;implex &longs;imile mouetur. </s> <s>Ergo ad magis &longs;imile elementum <lb/>magis &longs;imile, & maxime &longs;imile ad maxime &longs;imile mouebitur. <lb/></s> <s>At maior est &longs;imilitudo ignis ad ignem, quam ignis ad cæli <lb/>concauum: immo maxima, & maior e&longs;t &longs;imilitudo terræ ad <lb/>terram, quam terræ ad centrum, immo maxima. </s> <s>Ergotran <lb/>&longs;lataignis vniuer&longs;itate ad centrum, non ad cælum, sed ad cen <lb/>trum pars ignis in loco aeris, aut aquæ derelicta mouebitur, <lb/>& po&longs;ita terræ vniuer&longs;itate &longs;ub cælo, non ad centrum &longs;ed ad <lb/>cælum pars terræ in loco aeris, aut aquæ existens a&longs;cendet: <lb/>cui veritas omnino reclamat. </s> <s>Ergo proprius elementorum lo­<lb/>cus, vt finis, vt forma, & vt eorumdem perfectio elementa <expan abbr="nō">non</expan> <lb/>mouet. </s> <s>Argumentum ex Aristotele na&longs;citur libro quarto <lb/>de cælo particula vige&longs;ima&longs;ecunda.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Huius argumenti exitus duobus modis explicatur: in pri­<lb/>ma explicationis ratione primo ad materiam de more, &longs;ecun­<lb/>do ad formam re&longs;pondemus: ad materiam re&longs;pondentes dici­<lb/>mus. </s> <s>Id quod continet elementum, ei &longs;imile e&longs;t, quod contine­<lb/>tur, & quæ or dine &longs;uo deinceps collocata &longs;unt, & quæ propter <lb/>cognatam, atque symbolicam qualitatem vicissim facilè com <lb/>mutantur, ea omnia dicuntur e&longs;&longs;e &longs;imilia. </s> <s>Ideo ignis est aeri<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/216.jpg" pagenum="196"/><emph type="italics"/>&longs;imilis, quem continet, &longs;upra quem collocatus est etiam, & in <lb/>quem propter cognatam qualitatem paruo negocio mutatur, <lb/>perindeac aer propter eamdem cau&longs;am in ignem facilè con­<lb/>uertitur: aqua &longs;imilis e&longs;t terræ, quam ambuu &longs;uo complecti­<lb/>tur, &longs;upra quam collocata existit, & in quam propter con&longs;i­<lb/>milem qualitatem, facilè migrat, & propter ea&longs;dem cau&longs;as <lb/>terra in aquam facilè vertitur: ita vt locus, qui igni natura <lb/>debetur, &longs;it totum illud, quod inter concauum orbis lunæ, & <lb/>deuexam aeris &longs;uperficiem interiacet. </s> <s>Terra circa centrum <lb/>in aquæ concauo locum habet, & quæ media elementa inter­<lb/>cipiuntur, inter hæc duo extrema &longs;ic comparata &longs;unt à natu <lb/>ra, vt alia duo media loca &longs;ibi vendicent, in quibus omnibus lo <lb/>cis elementa omnem perfectionem habent, quam habere natu <lb/>ra po&longs;&longs;unt: & in his rebus, de quibus nunc abundè egimus, om­<lb/>nium elementorum &longs;imilitudo con&longs;istit. </s> <s>Ex quibus ad for­<lb/>mam re&longs;pondemus.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Pars terræ ad locum &longs;uperum, vbi nulla est &longs;imilitudo, <lb/>nullaque est cau&longs;a &longs;imilitudinis, & quo terræ vniuer&longs;itatem <lb/>a&longs;cendi&longs;&longs;e diximus, non moueretur, sed ad centrum, & ignis <lb/>ad cælum, & non ad centrum ageretur, quo ignem vniuer­<lb/>&longs;um de&longs;cendi&longs;&longs;e a&longs;&longs;eruimus. </s> <s>In centro enim, & non alibi &longs;unt <lb/>enumeratæ terræ &longs;imilitudines, &longs;ub cælo & <expan abbr="nō">non</expan> alibi &longs;unt enar <lb/>ratæ ignis &longs;imilitudines. </s> <s>Concedimus itaque totum primum <lb/>argumentum, & &longs;ecundi argumenti minorem negamus, quia <lb/>non maior e&longs;t &longs;imilitudo ignis ad ignem vbicumque exi&longs;ten­<lb/>tem, quam ad cæli concauum, immo proculdubio minor. </s> <s>Ideo <lb/>tran&longs;lata ignis vniuer&longs;itate ad centrum, pars ignis in loco, <lb/>aut aeris, aut aquæ derelicta, ad cælum, & non ad centrum <lb/>moueretur. </s> <s>Sicut tran&longs;lata vniuer&longs;a terra ad locum, <expan abbr="vbinũc">vbinunc</expan> <lb/>luna est non ad cælum pars terræ in loco aut aeris, aut aquæ<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/217.jpg" pagenum="197"/><emph type="italics"/>derelicta cieretur, sed ad centrum: quia ibi, & non alibi ma­<lb/>gis terra e&longs;t terræ &longs;imilis: alibi &longs;imilitudinis est ratio procul­<lb/>dubio minor, vt &longs;criptum reliquit Ari&longs;toteles in locis, quos &longs;u <lb/>pra adduximus.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Secundo, dum eiu&longs;dem argumenti exitus explicatur, pri­<lb/>mo ad materiam, deinde ad formam re&longs;pondetur: ad mate­<lb/>riam anim aduertere oportet, loci &longs;imilitudinem non e&longs;&longs;e vnius <lb/>modi, sed duorum: prior ab&longs;oluta, po&longs;terior in tanta di&longs;tan­<lb/>tia dicitur: locus e&longs;t &longs;imilis elemento non ab&longs;olutè, sed in tan­<lb/>ta di&longs;tantia, quamobrem graue ad centrum tunc a&longs;cenderet, <lb/>quo etiam hoc tempore fertur; non quia in centro &longs;it terra, <lb/>sed quia centrum e&longs;t locus, in quo graue &longs;uam propriam, ac <lb/>naturalem perfectionem nanci&longs;citur, <expan abbr="eãdemque">eandemque</expan> nactam con­<lb/>&longs;eruat: & leue ad orbis lunæ concauum euolaret, quo etiam <lb/>nunc euolat; non quia &longs;ub cælo &longs;it ignis, sed quia ibi est locus, <lb/>in quo leue &longs;uam perfectionem adinuenire, & adinuentam <lb/>con&longs;eruare &longs;olet, vt in commentatione quam paullo ante ad­<lb/>duximus quamoptimè &longs;crip&longs;it Auerroes. <!-- KEEP S--></s> <s>Ergo pars ignis in <lb/>loco, aut aeris, aut aquæ derelicta ad centrum non cieretur, <lb/>vbi igneam vniuer&longs;itatem collocauimus; quia ignea vniuer&longs;i­<lb/>tas non est &longs;imilis parti ignis, ni&longs;i in tanta di&longs;tantia, ita vt to­<lb/>tus ignis partem ignis non in centro, sed in maxima distantia <lb/>ab vniuer&longs;i orbis centro proficiat, quapropter pars ad totum, <lb/>vt ad &longs;uam perfectionem non moueretur, &longs;i totus ignis e&longs;&longs;et <lb/>in centro; quia in centro nulla e&longs;t ip&longs;ius ignis à natura institu <lb/>ta perfectio, moueretur pars ignis ad totum ignem &longs;ub luna <lb/>exi&longs;tentem, quia ignis vniuer&longs;itas in hac parua à cælo distan­<lb/>tia eiu&longs;dem ignis partem perficere, omnibu&longs;que numeris ab&longs;ol <lb/>uere potest; neque ideo terræ partes deor&longs;um feruntur; quia <lb/>terra est in medio, sed quia rebus omnibus &longs;imilibus, ac nulla<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/218.jpg" pagenum="198"/><emph type="italics"/>&longs;pecifica differentia distantibus ab eadem mouente naturali <lb/>vi, idem motus contingit, & ad eumdem finem formam, ac <lb/>perfectionem, tanto intercepto &longs;pacio di&longs;tantem, quo fit, vt vbi <lb/>totum e&longs;t naturaliter &longs;itum, eo etiam &longs;ingulæ partes &longs;ua &longs;pon <lb/>te, ac natura ferantur: ideo pars terræ ad centrum, & pars <lb/>ignis ad cælum natura mouerentur, & non aliò Hæc ad ma­<lb/>teriam.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Nunc ad formam re&longs;pondentes, inficiamus minorem pri­<lb/>mi argumenti, id e&longs;t, &longs;implex elementum &longs;imile, ad &longs;implex <lb/>&longs;imile elementum moueri in qualibet di&longs;tantia. </s> <s>Negatur <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb/>minor &longs;ecundi argumenti: maiorem &longs;cilicet e&longs;&longs;e &longs;imilitudinem <lb/>ignis ad ignem, in qualibet di&longs;tantia; quam ad cæli <expan abbr="concauũ">concauum</expan>, <lb/>& terræ ad terram in qualibet distantia, quam ad totius <lb/>mundi centrum.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Terræ vniuer &longs;itate in eum locum tran&longs;lata, vbi nunc est <lb/>ignis, dubitare contingit ex libro &longs;eptimo <expan abbr="Phy&longs;icorũ">Phy&longs;icorum</expan>, vbi Ari­<lb/>&longs;toteles &longs;cribit, nec à minori, nec ab æquali, &longs;ed à maiori tan­<lb/>tum fieri po&longs;&longs;e motum: inde&longs;cen&longs;u itaque totius terræ, ante­<lb/>quam centrum eiu&longs;dem fiat centrum mundi de&longs;cendentis ter <lb/>ræ partes quæ totius mundi centrum pertran&longs;ire cœperint, <lb/>partibus &longs;upra centrum exi&longs;tentibus re&longs;i&longs;tere incipient: quip­<lb/>pe, quæ contra natur am &longs;ur&longs;um <expan abbr="moueãtur">moueantur</expan>: ergo natur aliter <lb/>mouenti re&longs;i&longs;tunt, & eo magis, quo plures de&longs;cendentis terræ <lb/>partes, centrum tran&longs;gredientur: crgo, aut tota terra ad cen <lb/>trum numquam de&longs;cendet, aut &longs;egnius in fine, quam in princi­<lb/>pio mouebitur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Re&longs;pondeo: licet toti non quanto, vt est formæ animalis, <lb/>pars quanta, vt est illius corpus, re&longs;i&longs;tat: pars tamen quan­<lb/>ta, toti quanto non re&longs;i&longs;tit: nec totius motum impedit: ideo <lb/>nullo impediente, aut motus velocitatem minuente, centrum<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/219.jpg" pagenum="199"/><emph type="italics"/>terræ, mundi centrum fiet, quod &longs;i in partibus centrum trahi­<lb/>cientibus re&longs;i&longs;tentiam, quis e&longs;&longs;e velit: &longs;ciat in tota terra me­<lb/>uendi vim e&longs;&longs;e maiorem, quam in partibus re&longs;i&longs;tendi, & à mi<lb/>nori motus non impeditur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head"> <s>Quæ&longs;tio de proprio elementorum loco expli­<lb/>catur. </s> <s>Caput IIII.<!-- KEEP S--></s></p><p type="main"> <s>HABET <emph type="italics"/>quæstionem non leuem, quod diximus: loca <lb/>elementorum propria e&longs;&longs;e &longs;pacia, quæ inter elementa <lb/>intercipiuntur, vt aeris &longs;itus inter aquam, & ignem <lb/>quam aptissimus est; & aquæ &longs;edes est inter aerem, & ter­<lb/>ram, terra in aquæ concauo collocatur, & ignis proprius, ac <lb/>naturalis locus, est totum illud, quod interconcauum orbis lu­<lb/>næ, & diuexam aeris &longs;uperficiem interiacet.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Habent inquam hæc omnia difficultatem non leuem, quo­<lb/>niam quærentibus elementis loca propria, indiuiduum quod­<lb/>dam videtur e&longs;&longs;e, quod <expan abbr="vocãt">vocant</expan> vbi ad quod per &longs;e feruntur, <expan abbr="tū">tum</expan> <lb/>tota ip&longs;a per &longs;e &longs;implicia elementa, tum &longs;ingulæ eorumdem <lb/>partes, ac centrum &longs;ui faciunt. </s> <s>Cuius &longs;ignum illud e&longs;t: &longs;i loco <lb/>aquæ aer poneretur, terra nihilominus ad centrum feretur, <lb/>& &longs;i loco aeris aqua collocaretur, ignis ad locum illum certè <lb/>cieretur, quo nunc cietur: quare ad aliorum elementorum &longs;u <lb/>perficies moueri, & ibi quie&longs;cere, elementis quodam modo ac­<lb/>cidere videtur, ita vt duorum elementorum, aquæ videlicet, <lb/>& ignis, &longs;pacium, quod inter illa duo extrema medium in­<lb/>tercipitur, aeris locus proprius e&longs;&longs;e non videatur fal&longs;um it a­<lb/>que est, quod diximus: extremas elementorum deuexas & <lb/>conuexas &longs;uperficies medij elementi naturalia loca e&longs;&longs;e.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Dicendum, primo ad materiam, deinde ad formam: ad<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/220.jpg" pagenum="200"/><emph type="italics"/>materiam dicimus, elementa duas habere rationes, alteram <lb/>quatenus &longs;unt partes vniuer&longs;i, & naturæ totius; alteram qua <lb/>tenus vna quædam particularis natura e&longs;t vnumquodque ele <lb/>mentorum. </s> <s>Certè quatenus totius naturæ partes, & veluti <lb/>vniuer&longs;i membra &longs;unt: loca quædam elementorum &longs;unt ea, <lb/>quæ nunc dicta fuerunt; extrema &longs;cilicet &longs;uperficies inferio­<lb/>ris, & &longs;uperioris elementi &longs;unt locus illius elementi, quodinter <lb/>illa duo medium interiectum est. </s> <s>Nam &longs;icut in animali par­<lb/>tes inter &longs;e con&longs;en&longs;um, & relationem non paruam habent, & <lb/>in animali certos expo&longs;cunt &longs;itus, ita & in vniuer&longs;o, quod pe­<lb/>rindeac magnum quoddam animal e&longs;&longs;e testis est Auerroes <lb/>libro de &longs;ub&longs;tantia orbis capite &longs;ecundo & in de&longs;tructionibus <lb/>de&longs;tructionum contra Algazelem di&longs;putatione tertia dubio <lb/>decimooctauo, & &longs;ecundo libro de cælo commentatione qua­<lb/>drage&longs;ima&longs;ecunda, & &longs;eptuage&longs;imaprima; it a eiu&longs;dem vni­<lb/>uer&longs;i partes &longs;itus inuicem con&longs;entientes expo&longs;cunt: alioquin <lb/>vniuer&longs;um ip&longs;um, quod est quam optimè di&longs;po&longs;itum, debitè <lb/>con&longs;titutum non e&longs;&longs;et. </s> <s>At quatenus naturæ quædam parti­<lb/>culares particularia &longs;unt elementa, &longs;ic profectò certum lo­<lb/>cum, quod vocant vbi, atque indiuiduum centrum vnumquod <lb/>que elementum habet, ad quem indiuiduum locum, & natu­<lb/>ra feruntur, tum tota elementorum corpora, tum &longs;ingulæ eo­<lb/>rumdem partes: quod &longs;i in eodem loco, & circa idem <expan abbr="c&etilde;trum">centrum</expan> <lb/>&longs;u&longs;que, deque, ante, & ponè, ad dextram, & ad &longs;ini&longs;tram om <lb/>nia elementa concitentur; id illis accidit, quatenus partes &longs;unt <lb/>vniuer&longs;i, & naturæ totius &longs;emetip&longs;as con&longs;eruantes, & propter <lb/>vniuer&longs;i ordinem &longs;ibi inuicem cedentes. </s> <s>Vniuer&longs;i enim pro­<lb/>pria forma nihil aliud est, quam ordo, vt memoriæ proditum <lb/>e&longs;t ab Alexandro libro &longs;ecundo &longs;uarum quæ&longs;tionum natura­<lb/>lium capite vndeuige&longs;imo: nece&longs;&longs;e est ergo, vt i&longs;t æ ordo <expan abbr="cũctas">cunctas</expan><emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/221.jpg" pagenum="201"/><emph type="italics"/>huius mundi partes cu&longs;todiens omnino con&longs;eruetur, qui &longs;i aut <lb/>inuertatur, aut omni ex parte tollatur, & vniuer&longs;i naturæ <lb/>nece&longs;&longs;ario corruat, pereunte enim alicuius naturali forma, & <lb/>totum illud cuius ea e&longs;t forma, nece&longs;&longs;ario perimitur, quia à <lb/>forma res habet, vt &longs;it, quod &longs;cire licet ex Ari&longs;toteles in ip&longs;a <lb/>met vestibulo libri &longs;ecundi de anima.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Ex his ad formam re&longs;pondemus. </s> <s>Indiuiduus e&longs;t locus ele­<lb/>menti, vt elementum e&longs;t particularis natura, non vt e&longs;t pars <lb/>vniuer&longs;i, immo vt est pars vniuer&longs;i, elementi locus est &longs;upe­<lb/>rioris, & inferioris elementi extrema &longs;uperficies.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head"> <s>Elementa nec trahi, nec pelli, in quo de magnete <lb/>ferrum ad &longs;e trahente. </s> <s>Cap. v.<!-- REMOVE S-->LOCVM, <emph type="italics"/>& cau&longs;am, quæ motum facit, elementa <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb/>trahere, facilè videre est, quia motu quo res trahun­<lb/>tur, nihil à mouente di&longs;tans mouetur, quin omnia quæ <lb/>inter mouens, & motum intercepta &longs;unt media, & ip&longs;a tra­<lb/>huntur: vt <expan abbr="Nauĩs">Nauins</expan>, quæ in medio mari quie&longs;cit, rudentibus al­<lb/>ligata ex alto ad terram trahi non pote&longs;t, ni&longs;i rudentes, & <lb/>ni&longs;i &longs;ingulæ eorumdem partes trahantur. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Ergo &longs;i ignis hic po <lb/>&longs;itus, ad igneam vniuer&longs;itatem &longs;ub cælo exi&longs;tentem, vt ad cau <lb/>&longs;am facientem motum, & elementa trahentem, a&longs;cenderet; <lb/>omnia corpora media v&longs;que ad cæli concauum a&longs;cenderent, <lb/>& corpore graui, vt ad id, quod trahit, ad centrum de&longs;cenden <lb/>te, omnia media corpora de&longs;cenderent, cui vniuer&longs;us naturæ <lb/>ordo reclamat.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Præterea terra huius mundi ad alterius mundi centrum, <lb/>& alterius mundi terra, ad huius mundi centrum natura <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb/>cieretur, &longs;i ambas locus ip&longs;æ traheret, quia trahendi motus de<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/222.jpg" pagenum="202"/><emph type="italics"/>finitam, ac &longs;tatutam di&longs;tantiam exigit; extra cuius extremos <lb/>fines nihil trahitur, cui aduer&longs;atur Aristoteles libro primo <lb/>de cælo.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>E&longs;t etiam trahendi motus i&longs;tæ violentus, & non naturalis, <lb/>vt videre e&longs;t apud Ari&longs;totelem &longs;eptimo Phy&longs;icorum particu­<lb/>la decima, & elementa non violentia, sed natura ad propria <lb/>loca feruntur: ergo non trahuntur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Adhuc in omni vero trahendi motu trahens, & tractum <lb/>trahuntur, septimo Phy&longs;icorum particula decima, vt ad ter­<lb/>ram nauta nauem trahere nequit, ni&longs;i ip&longs;e, qui trahit nauta, <lb/>ad tractam nauem, & ni&longs;i ip&longs;a, quæ trahitur nauis, ad tra­<lb/>hentem nauiam trahatur. </s> <s>Ergo locus, vt elementum trahit <lb/>ita ab elemento trahitur, qua motus &longs;pecie nauis ad nautam, <lb/>& nauta ad nauem trahi diximus, quod e&longs;t tam ab&longs;urdum, <lb/>quam ab&longs;urdissimum: non igitur locus vt cau&longs;a efficiens tra­<lb/>hit elementa, sed eadem tantum mouet, vt finis; mouens au­<lb/>tem vt finis, non ni&longs;i met aphoricè mouet, vt libro primo de or­<lb/>tu, & interitu Ari&longs;toteles &longs;criptum reliquit: locus ergo verè <lb/>nec trahet, nec trahetur, sed tantum met aphoricè mouebit.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Contra locus <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan>, vt magnes <expan abbr="ferrũ">ferrum</expan> trahit, & magnes <lb/>à ferro <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> trahitur: <expan abbr="quamobr&etilde;">quamobrem</expan> locus trahet, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> tamen trahe­<lb/>tur. </s> <s>Ratio ista nos admonet, vt aliquid de magnete dicamus.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Thales Mile&longs;ius magnetem animatum e&longs;&longs;e, & animæ <lb/>trahentis de&longs;iderio ferrum ad &longs;e trahere credidit.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Sed argui potest, quia nullam cau&longs;am reddidit, quare ab <lb/>electro, & ab adamante, quæ animata non &longs;unt, paleæ tra­<lb/>huntur. </s> <s>Demon&longs;tranda item fuerant animæ instrumenta, <lb/>&longs;ine quibus ab anima nullum corpus efformari po&longs;&longs;e &longs;crip&longs;it <lb/>Aristoteles libro &longs;ecundo de anima: hæc animæ instrumen­<lb/>ta cum magneti naturam minimè de di&longs;&longs;e constet, quomodo<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/223.jpg" pagenum="203"/><emph type="italics"/>effugere poterit Thales, quin reprehendatur?<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Empedocles tam ferrum, quam herculeum lapidem omni <lb/>ex parte peruium e&longs;&longs;e corporis vtriu&longs;que, &longs;ibi vicissim re&longs;pon<lb/>dentes aeris plenos æquales e&longs;&longs;e meatus e&longs;t ratus, ab vtroque <lb/>corpore defluxus quo&longs;dam manare, ab herculeo lapide <expan abbr="manã-tes">manan­<lb/>tes</expan>, in meatus ferri &longs;ibi proportione re&longs;pondentes exclu&longs;o ae­<lb/>re, qui intus erat, penetrare; & ferrum, dum &longs;uos defluxus <lb/>&longs;equitur, ad herculeum lapidem hac ratione moueri credidit.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Maximè qui reprehendatur dignus e&longs;t hoc loco Empedo­<lb/>cles, quia nullam cau&longs;am reddidit, quamobrem magnes ad <lb/>ferrum non moueatur, ad quod moueri optimo iure deberet, &longs;i <lb/>defluxus egressi non magis à magnete adferrum, <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> à fer­<lb/>ro ad magnetem celerrimè cieantur: nihil etiam dixit, quam <lb/>obrem non ad aliud quoduis corpus, sed ad &longs;olum herculeum <lb/>lapidem, ferrum concitetur, quod tamen ad quodcunque <lb/>aliud concitari opus e&longs;&longs;et, cum defluxus à ferro egressi cuili­<lb/>bet alteri peruio corpori <expan abbr="cõmunicentur">communicentur</expan>. </s> <s>Cur etiam, quodcum <lb/>que aliud peruium corpus ad aliud peruium corpus non fer­<lb/>tur, &longs;i defluxus, vt meatus &longs;ibi vicissim re&longs;pondentes, ex quo­<lb/>cumque alio peruio corpore manantes, & in cuiu&longs;cumque <lb/>corporis meatus &longs;ibi inuicem re&longs;pondentes, exclu&longs;o aere, qui <lb/>intus latebat, penetrantes inuenire contigerit.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Democritus, Leucippus, Epicurus, & ex latinis Lucretius <lb/>vates quibu&longs;dam po&longs;itis, motus, quo ferrum ad magnetem <lb/>fertur, rationem reddiderunt. </s> <s>Primum quod ponunt est. <lb/></s> <s>Vt ex quibu&longs;uis corporibus, ita ex magnete, & ferro, indiui­<lb/>dua corpu&longs;cula numquam non efficiunt. </s> <s>Alterum e&longs;t, &longs;imile <lb/>ad &longs;ibi &longs;imile fertur. </s> <s>Tertium Vt corpus vnumquodque, ita <lb/>magnes, & ferrum ex &longs;olido & inani est conflatum. </s> <s>Quarto <lb/>Tenuiora <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan> indiuidua corpora, quæ ex magnete pro&longs;iliunt,<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/224.jpg" pagenum="204"/><emph type="italics"/>& magnetis corpus e&longs;t corpore ferrirarius. </s> <s>Quintum, In ma­<lb/>gnete plures & maiores &longs;unt vacuitates, quam in ferro. <lb/></s> <s>Sextum, Similia &longs;unt, quæ ex vtroque corpu&longs;cula manant. <lb/></s> <s>Hinc &longs;equirebantur atomos illas quas magnes edit, ad&longs;ibi &longs;i­<lb/>miles, quæ &longs;unt in ferro atomos incitari, ea&longs;dem ex ferri va­<lb/>cuitatibus excludere, earumdem loca occupare, à ferro exclu <lb/>&longs;a indiuidua corpu&longs;cula ad magnetem, vt ad &longs;imilem moueri <lb/>& &longs;ecum ferrum, quod ad magnetem mouetur, hac ratione <lb/>ducere. </s> <s>Magnes ad ferrum non cietur, quia tot vacuitates <lb/>non &longs;unt in ferro, quot in magnete, nec ex ferro tot egrediun­<lb/>tur corpora, quot ex magnete, nec e&longs;t ferrum tam peruium, <lb/>vt magnes. </s> <s>Quamquam isti multa vera dicune, vt est illud <lb/>&longs;imile, licet non &longs;emper, aliquando tamen, ad &longs;imile ferri, & <lb/>Herculeum lapidem, ac ferrum ex &longs;imilibus constare, & fer <lb/>rum ad lapidem Herculeum, vt ad &longs;imilem moueri, tamen <lb/>quia de electro, & adamante fe&longs;tucas, & minutas paleas ad&longs;e <lb/>trahente quorum &longs;olidum, & inane, & quorum effluentia <lb/>corpora &longs;unt dissimilia, &longs;i hæc omnia dantur, nihil dixerunt, <lb/>effugere <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> potuerunt, quin grauissimè reprehendantur: quin <lb/>etiam &longs;i omnium à &longs;imili attractio fit, quam plurima, quæ ex <lb/>&longs;imilibus constant, &longs;e vicissim traherent, quorum nullum à <lb/>nullo trahitur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Diogenes, nonillæ Laertius, sed alter Appolloniates du­<lb/>ctilia omnia (inquit) &longs;ic à natura comparata &longs;unt, vt humi­<lb/>ditatem quamdam emittant, & eamdem ab extrin&longs;eco ad&longs;e <lb/>irahant, hæc quidem maiorem, illa verò minorem, cuius gra­<lb/>tia ab igni liquantur, humiditatem plurimam æs, & ferrum <lb/>emictunt, huius &longs;ignum inde colligunt, quod ferri, & æris <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <lb/>abigni liquantur, non nihil ab&longs;umitur: ferrum multum hu­<lb/>miditatis reddit, multum etiam accipit lapis Herculeus, quia<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/225.jpg" pagenum="205"/><emph type="italics"/>ferro magis aridus, magis rarus, & magis terreus plus trahit <lb/>humidi, quam reddat: humidum, quod &longs;uæ naturæ magis fa <lb/>miliare, & conueniens e&longs;t, magis attrahit: at quoniam fer­<lb/>reum humidum naturæ Herculei lapidis conuenientissimum <lb/>est, ideo maximè trahitur, & cum tracto ferreo humido, pro­<lb/>pter naturæ cognationem, & formam, etiam ip&longs;um ferrum <lb/>trahitur: ferrum non item trahit magnetem, quia ferrum <lb/>minus est peruium, & eam ob cau&longs;am, multam aggregatæ <lb/>humiditatis cognatam congeriem accipere non pote&longs;t.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Diogenes dicat oportet, cur &longs;olus Herculeus lapis ferrum <lb/>tantum trahit, &longs;i &longs;ola humiditas e&longs;t cau&longs;a propter quam hæc <lb/>attractio fiat? </s> <s>cum alia multa fluida &longs;int, & &longs;uo more hu­<lb/>mida, vt est æs, plumbum, & argentum, & cætera, quæ & <lb/>ip&longs;a propter innatam humiditatem liquantur: magneti hu­<lb/>midæ ob cognatam, & naturæ magnetis maximè conuenien­<lb/>tem humiditatem &longs;imilia, & à magnete non trahuntur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Contra Empedoclem, Democritum, Leucippum, Epicu­<lb/>rum, Lucretium, & Diogenem omnia ferè illa argumenta <lb/>po&longs;&longs;unt afferri, quæ libro primo de Phy&longs;ico auditu particula <lb/>trige&longs;ima&longs;exta, & deinceps contra Anaxagoram, ab Ari­<lb/>&longs;totele allata fuerunt. </s> <s>Omnes ex Herculis lapide corporatas <lb/>effluxiones manare a&longs;&longs;eruerunt: vt Empedocles à mente di­<lb/>uina vnumquodque ex vno quoque extrahi a&longs;&longs;eruit: quapro­<lb/>pter iisdem mediis, quibus Empedocles arguitur, & ip&longs;i ar­<lb/>guuntur. </s> <s>Omne itaque corpus (vt hinc dicendi principium <lb/>au&longs;picemur) aliqua ex parte quantumuis parua truncatum <lb/>minus quam prius constiterat, efficitur; atqui ex magnete <lb/>truncatæ partes, quæ corpora &longs;unt, effluunt. </s> <s>Ergo magnetis <lb/>corpus &longs;emper fit minus, sed magnetem diu ferrum trahere <lb/>contingir. </s> <s>Ergo bona pars corporatarum effluxionum ex ma<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/226.jpg" pagenum="206"/><emph type="italics"/>gnete diu manare contigit. </s> <s>Ergo magnes nunquam non fiet <lb/>minor: ergo vel ad minimam quantitatem deueniet, ex qua <lb/>nihil effluet, ac tunc ferrum, quod prius trahebatur amplius <lb/>non trahetur, vel &longs;i trahetur, cum non ni&longs;i effluxionibus cor­<lb/>poratis ex Herculis lapide manantibus trahatur, opus erit, <lb/>vt lapis Herculeus minor minimo fiat, & &longs;i attractio diu du­<lb/>ret, lapis tandem con&longs;umetur. </s> <s>Quod &longs;i lapis Herculeus par­<lb/>ticularum <expan abbr="cõtinuo">continuo</expan> effluxu non con&longs;umatur, cum tempus nec <lb/>&longs;ui ortus principium habeat, nec finem &longs;it habiturum, vt Ari <lb/>stoteles octauo Phy&longs;icorum efficacissimè demonstrat, tempo­<lb/>re infinito ferrum à magnete trahi contingerit; & est ma­<lb/>gnetis corpus finitum, ex quo infinito tempore infinitæ particu <lb/>læ effluent. </s> <s>Ergo in corpore finito infinities infinitæ particulæ <lb/>erunt. </s> <s>At &longs;i magnetis paruum illud fru&longs;tulum paruum fer­<lb/>ri fru&longs;tulum non traxerit: ergo nec totus magnus Herculeus <lb/>lapis trahebat, quiatotum præditum e&longs;t partibus <expan abbr="con&longs;imiliũ">con&longs;imilium</expan> <lb/>rationum: quapropter &longs;i totum trahit, & qualibet totius par <lb/>ticula trahet; &longs;i vna particula non trahit, nec totum trahet, <lb/>quæ omnia præter quam, quod fieri non po&longs;&longs;unt, &longs;unt <expan abbr="etiãtam">etiantam</expan> <lb/>fal&longs;a quam fal&longs;issima, & tam ab&longs;urda quam ab&longs;urdissima. <lb/></s> <s>Hic antiquorum Democriti præ&longs;ertim trahendi modus, vt ru <lb/>dis, atque ineptus à Galeno libro primo de natur ahbus facul­<lb/>tatibus, & non raro alibi, grauiter & acutè refellitur: cuius <lb/>argumenta nos intacta derelinquimus; ne quæstionis huius <lb/>explicandus exitus diutius differatur, & ad rem no&longs;tram <lb/>reuertimur. </s> <s>Ideo aliter re&longs;pondeo, & certè melius. </s> <s>Ferrum <lb/>propria forma vacat, à qua ad Herculeum lapidem mouea­<lb/>tur, ideo à magnete omnino immoto trahitur, beneficio tamen <lb/>&longs;pecierum quorumdam tenuium, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> corporatorum, vt veteres <lb/>illi philo&longs;ophi, quorum mentionem &longs;upra feci, a&longs;&longs;eruerunt, sed<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/227.jpg" pagenum="207"/><emph type="italics"/>&longs;piritalium vt &longs;piritales &longs;unt colorum &longs;pecies, quæ ex colori­<lb/>bus effluentes, per illuminatum medium, & cæteris omnibus <lb/>in partibus optimè di&longs;po&longs;itum, multiplicatæ ad oculum, à quo <lb/>videntur, in piramidis formam, cuius ba&longs;is e&longs;t in eare, quæ vi <lb/>detur, & cu&longs;pis in oculo, qui videt, ocissimè perueniunt: hæ &longs;pe <lb/>cies à magnete egre&longs;&longs;æ, & per medium optimè di&longs;po&longs;itum mul <lb/>tiplicatæ, ferro <expan abbr="cõmunicantur">communicantur</expan>, quibus communicatis ferrum <lb/>magneti &longs;imile redditur, & ad trahentem magnetem, vt ad <lb/>&longs;imilem fertur; non vi tamen, sed trahentis magnetis natura­<lb/>li de&longs;iderio in ferro exi&longs;tente. </s> <s>Ferrum ergo eam ob rem ad <lb/>magnetem mouetur occa&longs;ione &longs;cilicet &longs;pecierum illarum &longs;piri­<lb/>talium, de quibus verba fecit Alexander libro &longs;ecundo &longs;uo­<lb/>rum <expan abbr="quæstionũ">quæstionum</expan> naturalium capite vige&longs;imotertio, à quo Sim­<lb/>plicius octauo libro Phy&longs;icorum particula octuage&longs;ima&longs;ecun­<lb/>da non differt.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Animaduertendum certè e&longs;t, nos per &longs;imilitudinem inter <lb/>ferrum, & magnetem à &longs;peciebus generatam, non intellige­<lb/>re, aut &longs;implicem relationem, aut &longs;implex relationis funda­<lb/>mentum, cum hæc per &longs;e principium motus illius non &longs;int. <lb/></s> <s>Neque enim relatio, neque fundamentum, quæ non tangunt, <lb/>mouere <expan abbr="val&etilde;t">valent</expan>, &longs;ed per <expan abbr="&longs;imilitudin&etilde;">&longs;imilitudinem</expan> &longs;peciem <expan abbr="quãdam">quandam</expan> &longs;piritalem <lb/>intelligo, quæ eo modo tangit, quo aut lucis aut colorum &longs;pe­<lb/>cies oculum tangit: quia nihil aut mouet, aut mouere <expan abbr="vmquã">vmquam</expan> <lb/>potest ni&longs;i tangat; quod &longs;eptimo libro Phy&longs;icorum ab Aristo <lb/>tele di&longs;putatur: & nihil aut mouetur, aut moueripotest, ni&longs;i <lb/>ab eo, quod mouet, tangatur. </s> <s>Ad hanc <expan abbr="&longs;ententiã">&longs;ententiam</expan> eorum opi­<lb/>nio redacta, qui ferrum à vi quadam oculta &longs;eu nota, aut na­<lb/>tura, aut &longs;ubstantia trahi credunt, veritati con&longs;entanea erit, <lb/>&longs;i per ocultam vim naturam, & &longs;ub&longs;lantiam formam au­<lb/>dierint, quæ &longs;uam &longs;piritalem &longs;peciem, per medium optimè di-<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/228.jpg" pagenum="208"/><emph type="italics"/>&longs;po&longs;itum, propagat, & &longs;imile cum &longs;imili copulat: &longs;i enim ocu­<lb/>lus per mediam &longs;peciem, non tantum &longs;imilis, sed quodammodo <lb/>fit res quæ videtur: &longs;i intellectus per eamdem &longs;peciem, non &longs;o <lb/>lum fit &longs;imilis illius rei, quæ intelligitur, sed fit &longs;uo modo idem; <lb/>cur orta inter magnetem, & ferrum &longs;imilitudinis reciproca­<lb/>tione beneficio &longs;pecierum &longs;piritalium, quæ à magnete mana­<lb/>runt, & ferro communicatæ fuerunt, ferrum magneti &longs;imi­<lb/>le non fiet? </s> <s>& ad magnetem vt ad &longs;imilem non mouebitur? <lb/></s> <s>Hac &longs;imilitudinis proprietate stirpes &longs;uccum è terra idoneum <lb/>& vna quæque corporis humani particula, id quod in &longs;angui­<lb/>ne &longs;ibi familiare, & conueniens e&longs;t, allicit.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Roget quis, cur extremum nauigatoriæ pixidis perpendi­<lb/>culum temper ati magnete ferri, tanta di&longs;tantia ad eas &longs;em­<lb/>per partes &longs;e conuertat, quæ ad polos &longs;pectant? </s> <s>Huius rei cau <lb/>&longs;as inuestigare, atque inuenire quam difficillimum est. </s> <s>ego <lb/>vero (&longs;aluo &longs;emper aliorum meliori iudicio) ea&longs;dem in &longs;pecies <lb/>i&longs;tas &longs;piritales referendas e&longs;&longs;ereor, quæ &longs;iue ab altissimis, & <lb/>&longs;ecundum quamlibet loci differentiam, vastissimis ex magne­<lb/>te Riphæis montibus, &longs;iue ab alia quauis re, quæ magneti pro <lb/>portione re&longs;pondeat, egre&longs;&longs;æ & per medium propagatæ, ad <lb/>pixidis v&longs;que perpendiculum producuntur, <expan abbr="perp&etilde;diculum">perpendiculum</expan> rei <lb/>illi &longs;imilem reddunt, quæ est aut magnes, aut magnetis pro­<lb/>portione re&longs;pondet; ferrum deinde perpendiculi harum &longs;piri­<lb/>talium &longs;pecierum vi & efficacia ad montes magnetis, vel <lb/>ad res alias magneti proportione re&longs;pondentes, vt ad &longs;imiles <lb/>mouetur; non vi, sed harum &longs;piritalium &longs;pecierum efficacia. <lb/></s> <s>Nec &longs;it, qui propter magnam distantiam per quam &longs;pecies <lb/>multiplicari debeant, conturbetur; quoniam à cælo ab oculis <lb/>no&longs;tris maximopere di&longs;tanti lucis &longs;pecies propagantur, qua­<lb/>rum propagatione nos &longs;tellas &longs;pectamus. </s> <s>Non ne Plinio teste<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/229.jpg" pagenum="209"/><emph type="italics"/>catablephæ animal, hominem, vel etiam ad mille pa&longs;&longs;us di­<lb/>&longs;tantiam con&longs;pectum inter&longs;icu. </s> <s>quod in aliam certè cau&longs;am<lb/>referendum non e&longs;t, quam in hanc &longs;piritalem &longs;peciem per me <lb/>dium, quod tantopere di&longs;tat, propagatam; maxima enim est <lb/>repugnantia inter humanos, & catablephæ &longs;piritus quorum <lb/>&longs;pecies per aerem medium multiplicatæ ad humanos &longs;piritus <lb/>conferuntur, à quibus humani &longs;piritus diuelluntur, fugantur <lb/>destruuntur: perindeac ab excellenti re, quæ &longs;entitun cuius <lb/>&longs;pecies per aerem medium multiplicatæ, & ad &longs;en&longs;um latæ, <lb/>&longs;en&longs;um de&longs;truunt: humanis &longs;piritibus à catablepha destructu <lb/>homo perit.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Nunc ad elementa reuertimur, quæ propriam formam <lb/>habent, à qua (vt dictum est &longs;upra) mouentur, quam pro­<lb/>priam formam ferrum, quod ad magnetem mouetur, non ha<lb/>bet: ideo &longs;at e&longs;t ferrum à magnete immoto trahi, non autem <lb/>elementum à loco trahi &longs;at erit, ni&longs;i locus & ip&longs;æ trahatur pe <lb/>rindeac &longs;at non est. </s> <s>nauigium radentibus alligatum ad ter­<lb/>ram à nauta trahente ex alto trabi, ni&longs;i & ip&longs;æ nauta à tra­<lb/>cta naui trahatur, vel &longs;altem ni&longs;i ad tractam nauem mouea­<lb/>tur hæc ad materiam: nunc ad argumenti formam inficien­<lb/>da est &longs;imilitudo, non enim locus elementum ea ratione, quæ <lb/>magnes ferrum trahit, &longs;ed ratione alia, & longè diuer&longs;a,vt<lb/>di&longs;putauimus.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Contrarium tamen colligi fortè poterit ex Auerroes libro <lb/>&longs;eptimo <expan abbr="Phy&longs;icorũ">Phy&longs;icorum</expan> <expan abbr="comm&etilde;tatione">commentatione</expan> trige&longs;imaquinta, vbi Auer <lb/>roes indefinitè affirmare videtur, graue deor&longs;um, & leue &longs;ur <lb/>&longs;um trahi, vt ferrum à magnete trahitur. </s> <s>Ergo vt magnes <lb/>immotus <expan abbr="ferrũtrahit">ferruntrahit</expan>, ita & locus immotus <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan> trahit.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Re&longs;pondeo id verum est vtique, sed trahendi modus di&longs;cre <lb/>pat; &longs;imilitudo ergo intrahendo con&longs;i&longs;tit, non <expan abbr="aut&etilde;">autem</expan> in modo tra<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/230.jpg" pagenum="210"/><emph type="italics"/>hendi. </s> <s>Magnes enim e&longs;t omnino cau&longs;a motus ferri: atqui lo­<lb/>cus, quamobrem elementum moueatur, ab&longs;oluta cau&longs;a <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> e&longs;t. <lb/></s> <s>Idem de alimento &longs;entiendum, quod à vegetandi facultate tra <lb/>hitur, deque fe&longs;tucis ab electro, & ab adamante attractis, <lb/>& de auro attracto ab ore pe&longs;cis hieracis; deque mustellis, <lb/>quas etiam inuitas, & reluctantes bufones trahunt, de ceruis, <lb/>qui per cuniculos ex abditissimis terræ vi&longs;ceribus naribus &longs;er­<lb/>pentes trahunt. </s> <s>Hæc omnia ad id, quod trahit, mouentur, id­<lb/>que per &longs;olam vim ab attrahentibus illorum vnicuique com­<lb/>municatam, non autem per formas eorumdem proprias, quia <lb/>non omnes rerum <expan abbr="omniũ">omnium</expan> actiones, & opera, aut à peruulgatis <lb/>& cuilibet notis elementorum, aut mixtorum formis, aut ab <lb/>eorumdem temperamentis prodeunt; &longs;ic tamen comparatum <lb/>est à natura, vt ferri forma cau&longs;a &longs;it, quamobrem ferrum &longs;pi <lb/>ritales effluxiones accipiat; & non aliud corpus alia forma ef <lb/>formatum; est enim magnes qua&longs;i ferri mater, quippe quod <lb/>ferrum in ei&longs;dem montibus gignatur, in quibus genitus e&longs;t ma <lb/>gnes: & ex magnete, vt ex materia nonnulli ferrum genera­<lb/>ri credant. </s> <s>Porrò elementa veluti ad propriam perfectionem <lb/>ad propria loca feruntur, idque per propriam ac naturalem <lb/>formam. </s> <s>Ergo proprius elementorum motus non e&longs;t verè, ac <lb/>propriè trahendi motus, vt est motus nauis in alto existentis <lb/>ad nautam ad littus trahentem, nec ea ratione metaphori­<lb/>cus, qui e&longs;t motus ferri ad magnetem, & cæterarum omnium <lb/>rerum, quarum &longs;upra mentionem fecimus, sed ratione diuer <lb/>&longs;a, vt ex prædictis apparet.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Postquam elementa ab eo loco, ad quem tendunt, non tra <lb/>hi demon&longs;trauimus; nunc &longs;upere&longs;t, vt eadem nec ab eo loco, à <lb/>quo di&longs;cedunt, nec à cælo, nec ab alia quauis re per violentam <lb/>eli&longs;ionem trudi demonstremus: id quo maiore breuitate, &<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/231.jpg" pagenum="211"/><emph type="italics"/>quo efficacioribus demon&longs;trationibus fieri poterit ab&longs;oluemus.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Ab oppo&longs;ito ergo loco per violentam eli&longs;ionem elementæ <lb/>non mouentur, quia quanto maior e&longs;&longs;et ignis, tanto tardius <lb/>a&longs;cenderet, & terra quanto maior e&longs;&longs;et, tanto tardius æd me <lb/>dium mundi centrum de&longs;cenderet: &longs;i eadem motu violento ab <lb/>oppo&longs;ito loco, aut à quauis alia re eliderentur, quia maior mo<lb/>bilis moles mouenti magis re&longs;istit, quam minor, & motum &longs;e <lb/>gniorem efficit; at contra fieri videmus, vt quanto maior ignis <lb/>&longs;it, tanto celerius in &longs;ublime &longs;ubuolet, & quanto maior terræ <lb/>gleba fuerit, tanto celerius deor&longs;um præcipitetur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Præterea &longs;ipropter violentam eli&longs;ionem elementa <expan abbr="moueã">moueam</expan> <lb/>tur, in fine non velocius, sed tardius agitabuntur; à quocum­<lb/>que eadem moueri audiuerimus. </s> <s>Nam quanto magis ab eli­<lb/>dente eli&longs;a corpora distant, tanto tardius feruntur propter <lb/><expan abbr="acceptũimpetum">acceptunimpetum</expan>, qui tractu temporis langue&longs;cit. </s> <s>Quæ enim <lb/>contra naturam ab intrin&longs;eco motore mouentur, cum moue­<lb/>ri incipiunt, cumque vicinam, & proximam vim mouentem <lb/>habent, velocius mouentur: ab&longs;cendente, ac deficiente, &longs;eu di­<lb/>&longs;tante vi mouente &longs;u&longs;ceptus impetus mouentis in corpore mo­<lb/>bili langue&longs;cit & motus remittitur, vt addi&longs;cere licet ab Ari <lb/>&longs;totele, Simplicio, Auerroe, & aliis grauissimis Ari&longs;totelis <lb/>expo&longs;itoribus libro &longs;ecundo de cælo particula quadrage&longs;ima­<lb/>&longs;ecunda, & libro primo de cælo particula octuage&longs;imanona.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Præterea &longs;i elementa violentiam pa&longs;&longs;a truderentur, ad <expan abbr="eũ">eum</expan> <lb/>etiam locum natura reuerterentur, vnde violentiam pa&longs;&longs;a eli <lb/>&longs;a fuerunt: id quod videre est in &longs;agitta ab arca &longs;ur&longs;um im­<lb/>pulla, quæ ad eum locum cadens de&longs;cendit natura, vnde vio­<lb/>lentia proici cœpit: ex duobus enim locis, ac motibus <expan abbr="cõtrariis">contrariis</expan>, <lb/>&longs;i alter vni elemento e&longs;t violentus, oppo&longs;itus ei erit naturalis, <lb/>vt Ari&longs;toteles in principio libri primi de cælo probauit. </s> <s>Ele-<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/232.jpg" pagenum="212"/><emph type="italics"/>mentum igitur violentia non eliditur, non trabitur, sed ad <expan abbr="&longs;uũ">&longs;uum</expan> <lb/>locum natura mouetur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Hinc Democriti opinionem fal&longs;am e&longs;&longs;e intelligimus, qui <lb/>ignem ideo &longs;ur&longs;um ferri voluit, propterea quod à cæteris cor­<lb/>poribus compre&longs;&longs;us euibraretur: quæ enim comprimuntur, ac <lb/>vibrantur corporea violentia mouentur, & Democrito qui <lb/>hæc dixit, omnia alia incommoda accidunt, quæ hoc loco &longs;cri­<lb/>buntur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head"> <s>Contra quartam &longs;ecundæ partis propo&longs;itio­<lb/>nem aerem in proprio loco grauem, <lb/>& leuem e&longs;&longs;e demon&longs;tramus. <lb/></s> <s>Caput VI.<!-- KEEP S--></s></p><p type="main"> <s>CONTRA <emph type="italics"/>ea, quæ in quarta &longs;ecundæ partis propo­<lb/>&longs;itione &longs;upra dicta fuerunt: primo aerem in &longs;uo pro­<lb/>prio naturalique loco <expan abbr="aliquã">aliquam</expan> habere grauitatem o&longs;ten <lb/>dere nitimur: idque ex particula vige&longs;imaoctaua libri tertij<lb/>de cælo, vbi Ari&longs;toteles ratus e&longs;t, aerem ad vtrumque <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e idoneum, &longs;ur&longs;um &longs;cilicet atque deor&longs;um: propterea quod <lb/>in aere &longs;it grauitas, & leuitas, & quarto cæli particula tri­<lb/>ge&longs;ima aerem in &longs;uo loco e&longs;&longs;e grauem voluit, vt inferiora duo <lb/>quæ aeri &longs;ubiacent <expan abbr="elem&etilde;ta">elementa</expan> &longs;unt in &longs;uis locis grauia, quod pro <lb/>batur &longs;igno vel manife&longs;tissimo vtris inflati, qui maioris pon­<lb/>deris e&longs;&longs;e &longs;olet, quam &longs;i &longs;it inanis, quod aliunde accidere ne­<lb/>quit, quam ex aeris pondere: in vtre aeris pleno inclu&longs;i, & in <lb/>vtre inani nulla ratione inuenti.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Ex concretis etiam nonnullis corporibus id per&longs;picuum e&longs;t: <lb/><expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> enim quibu&longs;dam autgrauiora &longs;unt, aut leuiora, prout <lb/>plus, minu&longs;ue grauia, & leuia &longs;unt &longs;implicia corpora ex qui-<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/233.jpg" pagenum="213"/><emph type="italics"/>bus mixta conflantur: fit autem non raro, vt eadem non vbi­<lb/>que aut grauia, aut leuia e&longs;&longs;e videantur, sed alicubi grauia, <lb/>& alicubi leuia, quod totum &longs;implicibus elementis, ex quibus <lb/>mixtæ &longs;ubstantiæ fuerint, ferri debet acceptum. </s> <s>Vt ecce li­<lb/>gnum talenti pondere, plumbum autem vnius tantum emi­<lb/>næ capiatur: <expan abbr="vtrũquein">vtrunquein</expan> aere &longs;u&longs;pen&longs;um, inaere plumbo erit <lb/>lignumgrauius, & plumbo per medium aerem lignum ocius <lb/>de&longs;cendat, po&longs;tquam ad aquam corpus vtrumque peruenerit: <lb/>in eamdem grauem plumbum illico mergetur, & leue <expan abbr="lignũ">lignum</expan> <lb/>in aqua veluti &longs;u&longs;pen&longs;um stabit, cuius rei cau&longs;a ea e&longs;t; quod <lb/>elementa omnia in propriis etiam locis nonnulla &longs;unt graui­<lb/>tate prædita: vno excepto igni, qui &longs;emper & vbique est le­<lb/>uis: aer in terræ, & in aqua loco e&longs;t leuis, & in loco ignis e&longs;t <lb/>grauis, in &longs;uo proprio, ac naturali loco nonnullam grauitatem <lb/>habet, itaque &longs;i quid est, quod plus aeris in &longs;e contineat, quam <lb/>aquæ, ac terræ; id profectò in aqua contingit e&longs;&longs;e leuius, & <lb/>in aere grauius. </s> <s>Lignum ergo talenti vnius, quod aeris in <lb/>&longs;e, plus habeat, quam aquæ, ac terræ, grauius est in aere, <lb/>quam plumbum eminæ tantum vnius in aquam, quod lon­<lb/>gè plus terræ quam aquæ, & longè plus aquæ quam ae­<lb/>ris habeat plumbum ocissimè mergetur: aquæ extimam <lb/>planiciem lignum vix attingit, & eamdem po&longs;tquam atti­<lb/>gerit, &longs;upernatans illico quie&longs;cet: ita vt eam ob rem maio­<lb/>rem leuitatem præ&longs;eferre videatur. </s> <s>Id Aristoteles quar­<lb/>to libro de cælo particula vndetrige&longs;ima ideo verum e&longs;&longs;e est <lb/>ratus, quod aer in &longs;uo proprio naturalique loco aliqua gra­<lb/>uitate &longs;it præditus.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><pb xlink:href="011/01/234.jpg" pagenum="214"/><p type="head"> <s>Quæ Themi&longs;tius contra Ari&longs;totelem, & quæ Auer <lb/>roes contra Themi&longs;tium, de aeris grauitate <lb/>dixerint. </s> <s>Caput VII.<!-- KEEP S--></s></p><p type="main"> <s>AVDIENDVS <emph type="italics"/>non e&longs;t hoc loco Themistius, qui non <lb/>propter aerem, quem negat &longs;uo in loco e&longs;&longs;e grauem, sed <lb/>propter aquæ, & terræ exuper antiam ratus est ma­<lb/>gnum lignum e&longs;&longs;e paruo plumbo grauius; eam obrem Auer­<lb/>roes libro quarto de cælo commentatione vndetrige&longs;ima <lb/>Themi&longs;tium quamacerrimè vrget hac ratione potissimum. <lb/></s> <s>Quod &longs;i quanta aquæ vis, & terræ ine&longs;t plumbo, tanta etiam <lb/>in&longs;it ligno, æqualis ponderis ambo æquali velocitate per me­<lb/>dium aerem de&longs;cenderent, vt Themistio placuit, cum &longs;ecun­<lb/>dum naturalem veritatem vtriu&longs;que grauit as, in vtroque &longs;it <lb/>di&longs;par. </s> <s>Tria enim &longs;unt in ligno grauia: primum aeris, &longs;ecun­<lb/>dum aquæ, tertium terræ, quæ omnia ver&longs;us <expan abbr="centrũ">centrum</expan> tendunt, <lb/>& corpus, in quo &longs;unt, deor&longs;um trahunt. </s> <s>In plumbo minus est <lb/>aeris; ideo in eo etiam minus erit aerei ponderis, & per <expan abbr="aer&etilde;">aerem</expan> <lb/>medium plumbo lignum velocius rapietur, quamquam talen <lb/>ti vnius (verbi gratia) vtriu&longs;que par &longs;it pondus. </s> <s>Id quod non <lb/>nulli ex his, qui ad nos audiendos conuenerunt &longs;uperioribus <lb/>diebus, experti fuerunt.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Cum enim in ædibus meis e&longs;&longs;emus vnà omnes, quò di&longs;ce­<lb/>ptandi gratia conuenire &longs;æpe con&longs;ueuistis, venit forteè adnos <lb/>quidam adole&longs;cens, & no&longs;tri &longs;emper amantissimus & ei&longs;dem <lb/>literarum studiis deditissimus, hic po&longs;t mutuos (vt fieri &longs;olet) <lb/>complexus (&longs;atis enim longo interuallo neque illæ nos, neque <lb/>nos illum videramus) ec quid (inquit) ego à ve&longs;tris litera­<lb/>riis congressibus aduentu meo auoco? </s> <s>reuertimini ad di&longs;ce-<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/235.jpg" pagenum="215"/><emph type="italics"/>ptationes, quas priusquam huc pedem appuli, cœperatis, & <lb/>ea&longs;dem me præ&longs;ente ab&longs;oluite, vt à vobis doctior de more di&longs;ce <lb/>dam: cumque tum ip&longs;o tum cæteris omnibus con&longs;entientibus, <lb/>in hanc di&longs;ceptatione quam nunc præ manibus habemus, for­<lb/>tè incidi&longs;&longs;emus, & id pro <expan abbr="cõ&longs;tanti">con&longs;tanti</expan> affirmaui&longs;&longs;emus, quod <expan abbr="nũc">nunc</expan> <lb/>constantissimè affirmamus, post longum congre&longs;&longs;um meam <lb/>&longs;ententiam, meaque argumenta, quibus eamdem fulcire &longs;ata <lb/>gebant, nonnulli labefactare, & nonnulli communire pro di­<lb/>uer&longs;a animi propen&longs;ione, proque diuer&longs;o ingenio conarentur, <lb/>cumque inter nos di&longs;ceptationes &longs;emper <expan abbr="auger&etilde;tur">augerentur</expan>, nullusque <lb/>earumdem exitus inueniretur, ad experientiam omnium re­<lb/>rum magi&longs;tram, perindeac ad &longs;acram ancoram <expan abbr="cõfugimus">confugimus</expan>, <lb/>& duobus adinuentis, tum ligni, tum plumbi frustulis æqua­<lb/>lis, vt ex a&longs;pectu coniicere licebat, ponderis, neque enim nos <lb/>ad lancem illa expendere nece&longs;&longs;arium e&longs;&longs;e duximus, sed peri­<lb/>culo quod facturi fueramus, &longs;at e&longs;&longs;e rati fuimus, &longs;i ad ocu­<lb/>lum expenderentur, eadem ergo duo adinuenta æqualis pon­<lb/>deris frustula, ex altiore no&longs;trarum ædium fenestra pari im <lb/>pul&longs;u, eodemque tempore proiiciemus: plumbum &longs;egnius de­<lb/>&longs;cenderet, &longs;uper lignum enim, quod prius in <expan abbr="terrã">terram</expan> ceciderat, <lb/>omnes quotquot ibi, rei exitum expectabamus, illud præceps <lb/>ruere vidimus: idque non &longs;emel, sed &longs;æpenumero eodem &longs;uc­<lb/>ce&longs;&longs;u tentauimus. </s> <s>Cuius rei experimento ducti omnes in eam <lb/>dem nobi&longs;cum pedibus iuêre &longs;ententiam. </s> <s>Ergo tumrationi, <lb/>tum experimento, tum auctoritati con&longs;entaneum est, aeris in <lb/>&longs;uo proprio, naturalique loco, nonnullam e&longs;&longs;e grauitatem, quo <lb/>fit, vt lignum in quo plus est aeris, quam in plumbo, æqua­<lb/>lis ponderis per aerem medium velocius de&longs;cendat, & &longs;uper <lb/>aquam natet, quod in aqua aer &longs;it leuius, perindeac leuis e&longs;t <lb/>in terra, leuitate licet exi&longs;tente minore: plumbum, in quo mi-<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/236.jpg" pagenum="216"/><emph type="italics"/>nus est aeris, & plus aquæ, ac terræ <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> in ligno tardius per <lb/>medium aerem præceps ruat, & in aqua altum profundam <lb/>proprio nixu, &longs;uaque &longs;ponte mergatur, in quam lignum, vel <lb/>etiam &longs;umma cum violentia proiectum, nullo impul&longs;u quan­<lb/>tum vis magno, nullaque alia violentia ratione mergi potest.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Cau&longs;a, quæ <expan abbr="Themistiũ">Themistium</expan> in hunc <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> paruum <expan abbr="error&etilde;">errorem</expan> adegit <lb/>(vt ratus e&longs;t Auerroes in loco quem paullo ante attulimus) <lb/>e&longs;t, quod cum comparari inter &longs;e, & cum vltro citroque viei&longs;­<lb/>&longs;im conferri, grauia dupliciter valeant, vel &longs;ecundum acci­<lb/>dens, id est &longs;ecundum aut maiorem, aut minorim quantita­<lb/>tem, vt grande lignum paruo est plumbo pondero&longs;ius, vel&longs;e­<lb/>cundum grauitatis, & leuitatis naturam in altero aut ma­<lb/>gis, aut minus exuperantem, vt plumbum &longs;impliciter ligno <lb/>&longs;impliciter e&longs;t &longs;impliciter grauius. </s> <s>Id quod rerum naturam <lb/>con&longs;equitur magis abditum est, no&longs;trosque &longs;en&longs;us magis fu­<lb/>git eo&longs;dem magis latet, id quod est &longs;ecundum accidens &longs;en&longs;i­<lb/>bus no&longs;tris e&longs;t magis expo&longs;itum, quod &longs;en&longs;us rem medullitus <lb/>non intro&longs;piciant, sed rerum cortices tantum attingant, vt <lb/>memoratum est &longs;ecundo de anima particula &longs;exage&longs;imater­<lb/>tia, ideo minus latet, minu&longs;que <expan abbr="no&longs;trã">no&longs;tram</expan> cognitionem fugit, quod <lb/>&longs;en&longs;ibus obiicitur, quam quod intellectu concipitur. </s> <s>Themi­<lb/>&longs;tius derelicta cau&longs;a per &longs;e magis abdita, adcau&longs;am per ac­<lb/>cidens minu&longs;que latentem confugit, eidemque id primo a&longs;cri­<lb/>p&longs;it; quod &longs;ecundo a&longs;eribendum erat. </s> <s>Non ergo hallucinatus <lb/>e&longs;t Themi&longs;tius, quod fal&longs;um dixerit, sed quod illius maximo, <lb/>immo omniratione habita, quod loco omnium po&longs;tremò erat <lb/>habendum, id omnino neglexerit, quod plurimi fieri par erar: <lb/>impegit ergo in eam fallaciam; quæ non cau&longs;a pro cau&longs;a dici­<lb/>tur, quod eam, quæ non e&longs;t cau&longs;a perindeac &longs;i &longs;it cau&longs;a portet. <lb/></s> <s>Hæc Themi&longs;tius contra Ari&longs;totelem, & hæc Auerroes, con<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/237.jpg" pagenum="217"/><emph type="italics"/>tra Themi&longs;tium &longs;crip&longs;it. </s> <s>Nunc ad Ari&longs;totelem redeundi nos <lb/>necessitas vrget.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head"> <s>Ex doctrina Ari&longs;totelis exitus quæ&longs;tionis illius <lb/>explicatur, quæ capite &longs;exto extiterat. <lb/></s> <s>Caput VIII.<!-- KEEP S--></s></p><p type="main"> <s>I<emph type="italics"/>n hæc po&longs;tquam diuertimus, doctrinæ ordo nos admonet, <lb/>vt ad Ari&longs;totelem reuertamur, & propo&longs;itam quæstio­<lb/>nem diluamus; ex eo potissimum, quod Aristoteles, & <lb/>Auerroes &longs;crip&longs;erunt præ&longs;ertim tertio cæli particula vige&longs;i­<lb/>maoctaua, & quarto de cælo particula vige&longs;imanona, & tri­<lb/>ge&longs;ima vbique manifestè, aerem e&longs;&longs;e ad vtrumque motum, <lb/>id e&longs;t naturalem, ac violentum idoneum; vt &longs;upra memoraui­<lb/>mus: quod &longs;i in proprio loco aer leuitatem nullam haberet, id <lb/>quod leue e&longs;t in &longs;ublime nulla ratione ferret, & &longs;i in <expan abbr="eod&etilde;">eodem</expan> pro­<lb/>prij loci aere nulla e&longs;&longs;et grauitas, <expan abbr="nequaquã">nequaquam</expan> ignis, qui leuis e&longs;t, <lb/>deor&longs;um præmeretur: nam quæ grauia non &longs;unt, nullo modo <lb/><expan abbr="præmũt">præmunt</expan>; ideo ab aere in &longs;uo proprio naturalique loco <expan abbr="tũgraui">tungraui</expan>, <lb/>tum leui vterque tum naturalis, tum violentus motus iuua­<lb/>tur: violentus quidem; quia, quæ violentia mouentur, non <lb/>tantum per aerem, sed etiam ab aere mouentur, ab eodem­<lb/>que feruntur, partibus quidem quæ ante &longs;unt, mobili viam <lb/>quodammodo aperientibus, & anterioris aeris vndas propel­<lb/>lentibus: illis verò quæ circum &longs;unt, & àtergo per <expan abbr="&longs;uccession&etilde;">&longs;uccessionem</expan> <lb/>adden&longs;atis, & vna po&longs;t aliam rarefactis, ac violentiam pa&longs;&longs;a <lb/>vehentibus; non aliter, ac per vndam celeriter autem impetu <lb/>que multo; quoniam celeris est, & impetum infert rarefactio <lb/>quæ tunc in aere fit à principio &longs;egnior e&longs;t motus propter re&longs;i­<lb/>stentiam totius aeris, non dum in motu po&longs;iti, mox factis orbi-<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/238.jpg" pagenum="218"/><emph type="italics"/>bus multis, & &longs;e&longs;e iam aere extendente, velocitas longè magis <lb/>augetur: donec quæ fieri pote&longs;t &longs;umma fiat; ad quam cum <lb/>peruentum e&longs;t, imminuitur &longs;en&longs;im deinde motus, aere, qui an­<lb/>te e&longs;t plurimum rarefacto, & iam conden&longs;atione continenter <lb/>magis, ac magis de&longs;inente; imminut aque re&longs;istentia tandem <lb/>laxantur, atque omnino &longs;oluuntur orbes, vnde & vectio de­<lb/>mum ce&longs;&longs;at, qua ratione motus violentus ab aere iuuatur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Iam verò naturalem etiam motum ab aere iuuari per&longs;pi­<lb/>cuum est; prius enim aer moto corpori cedit, a quo præmitur: <lb/>postea rem motam per&longs;equens, eam leuiter impellit. </s> <s>Vtrum <lb/>que ergo motum iuuat & mobile vtrumque, dum mouetur, <lb/>medius aer pellit; vt patet: fert enim &longs;ur&longs;um corpora leuia, <lb/>& grauia deor&longs;urn, dum natura cientur: in motu violento, <lb/>quo leuia deor&longs;um premuntur, grauia &longs;ur&longs;um cit antur, vtrun <lb/>que corpus motum aer pariratione portat, & vtriu&longs; que corpo <lb/>ris motionem tum natura, tum violentia pari ratione iuuat.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>In motu violento tres &longs;unt motus: vnus naturalis, & duo <lb/>violenti: primus motus violentus est motus mobilis, quodcum­<lb/>que &longs;it illud, quod mouetur. </s> <s>Secundus est motus antecedentis <lb/>aeris, qui violentia &longs;cinditur: hi duo motus ab extrin&longs;eco mo­<lb/>tore fiunt, cui mobile nullam vim confert: ex libro tertio Eihi­<lb/>corum: motus verò naturalis e&longs;t motus aeris, qui ne vacuum <lb/>detur, &longs;ic ab vniuer&longs;i natura horrente vacuum comparatus <lb/>e&longs;t, vt mobilis terga &longs;equatur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>His adde quæ Ari&longs;toteles, & Auerroes memoriæ prodi­<lb/>derunt libro quarto de cælo particula vndetrige&longs;ima. <lb/></s> <s>Si ea elementa (inquit Ari&longs;toteles) quæ aeri &longs;ubiacent. <lb/></s> <s>vt aqua, & terra fortè &longs;ubtrabantur; aqua in locum ter­<lb/>ræ, aer in locum aquæ deor&longs;um ruet: at &longs;i ignis, qui e&longs;t aere <lb/>&longs;uperior, vel in locum cæli, vel alio transferatur, aer in<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/239.jpg" pagenum="219"/><emph type="italics"/><expan abbr="&longs;upremã">&longs;upremam</expan> huius inferioris orbis oram naturaliter non a&longs;cende­<lb/>ret, sed violentiam pa&longs;&longs;us, nec aqua &longs;ur&longs;um in aeris locum mi <lb/>graret, sed tantum &longs;i violentia attracta fui&longs;&longs;et, quod in arti­<lb/>ficum symphonibus, nonnumquam fieri videmus, in quibus ae <lb/>ris impetu aqua &longs;ur&longs;um rapitur. </s> <s>Aqua autem detracta, ter <lb/>ra in &longs;ublime non fertur: propterea quod terra in &longs;uo natu­<lb/>rali, ac proprio loco nullius leuitatis est particeps. </s> <s>Duo media<lb/>elementa facilius deor&longs;um, quam &longs;ur&longs;um feruntur, &longs;i inferio­<lb/>ra, & &longs;uperiora auferantur, quod grauitatis plus habeant<lb/>quam leuitatis: immo, vt vi&longs;us est aliquando dixi&longs;&longs;e Simpli­<lb/>cius, grauia tantum nullo autem modo leuia &longs;int. </s> <s>Verum e&longs;t <lb/>ergo, quod diximus: aeri & aquæ plus ponderis, quam leui­<lb/>tatis ine&longs;&longs;e. </s> <s>Hæc ex Aristoteleo conte&longs;tu paraphrasticè &longs;cri­<lb/>p&longs;imus, nunc ad Auerroem de&longs;cendimus, qui nonnulla argu­<lb/>menta his addit, quibus aeri, & aquæ plus grauitatis, quam <lb/>leuitatis ine&longs;&longs;e o&longs;tendit.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Si aer (inquit Auerroes) e&longs;t <expan abbr="tantũ">tantum</expan> leuis, res, quæ ex igni, <lb/>& aere conflantur, de&longs;cendere nulla ratione po&longs;&longs;ent, quod ex <lb/>impressionum ignearum, quæ deor&longs;um feruntur, de&longs;cen&longs;u fal <lb/>&longs;um e&longs;&longs;e videmus; vt &longs;unt trabes, faces accen&longs;æ, capræ &longs;altan­<lb/>tes, stellæ cadentes, & cæteræ metheorologicæ impressiones <lb/>adigneam naturam pertinentes; non enim propter ignem &longs;ua <lb/>pte natura leuissimum, de&longs;cendunt, ergo propter aerem: ergo <lb/>in aere nonnulla grauitas viget: immo grauitas maior, quam <lb/>leuitas: quando hæc non &longs;ur&longs;um propter leuitatem, sed deor­<lb/>&longs;um propter grauitatem cientur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Spiritus etiam animalis ab exuperante elemento aereus, &longs;i <lb/>aer grauis &longs;uapte natura non e&longs;&longs;et, ad corporis inferiora <expan abbr="m&etilde;-bra">men­<lb/>bra</expan> nutrienda non de&longs;cenderet: at de&longs;cendit: ergo non ter­<lb/>ræ grauitate, quæ in &longs;piritu animali non exuper at, sed aeris<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/240.jpg" pagenum="220"/><emph type="italics"/>exuperantis grauitate e&longs;t grauis.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Prætereapropter humiditatem grauitas ine&longs;t aeri, vt le­<lb/>uitas, propter caliditatem eidem ine&longs;&longs;e creditur. </s> <s>Atqui aeris <lb/>humiditas maior est eiu&longs;dem caliditate libro &longs;ecundo de gene­<lb/>ratione particula vige&longs;imatertia, & quarto metheorologico­<lb/>rum particula vige&longs;ima: ergo aeris grauitas e&longs;t eiu&longs;dem leui­<lb/>tate maior.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>In contrariam partem hoc efficacissimum argumentum <lb/>potest adduci, quod plurima fieri ea ratione debet, quia ma­<lb/>ximum habet robur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Si aer e&longs;t magis grauis, quam leuis, quia aeris humiditas <lb/>est eiu&longs;dem caliditate maior; aqua erit omnium <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> <lb/>grauissima, quia in aqua e&longs;t humiditas, quæ grauitatis e&longs;t cau <lb/>&longs;a, & e&longs;t à &longs;umma frigiditate aucta, quæ e&longs;t cau&longs;a &longs;ummæ <lb/>grauitatis: quod probatur &longs;umma caliditas in igne &longs;ummæ le­<lb/>uitatis est cau&longs;a: ergo &longs;umma frigiditas in aqua e&longs;t &longs;ummæ <lb/>grauitatis cau&longs;a: per locum ab oppo&longs;itis; e&longs;t igitur aqua du­<lb/>plici grauitatis cau&longs;a grauissima, & &longs;ummæ frigiditatis, & <lb/>remi&longs;&longs;æ humiditatis: terra autem vnam tantum cau&longs;am ha <lb/>bet grauitatis, nec eamdem &longs;ummam nempè frigiditatem. <lb/></s> <s>Ariditas enim in terra grauitatis cau&longs;a e&longs;&longs;e nequit, quia in <lb/>igni eadem ariditas eiu&longs;dem grauitatis cau&longs;a e&longs;&longs;et, at <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> est, <lb/>quia leuissimus e&longs;t ignis, quæ omnia &longs;unt tam ab&longs;urda, quam <lb/>ab&longs;ur dissima. </s> <s>Argumentum ductum e&longs;t assimili. </s> <s>Dixerat <lb/>Auerroes commentatione vndetrige&longs;ima aeris humiditatem <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e eiu&longs;dem caliditate maiorem; ideo aeris grauitatem e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>eiu&longs;dem leuitate maiorem. </s> <s>Grauitas igitur, & leuitas propter <lb/>primas qualitates elementis tribuuntur: at frigiditas graui­<lb/>tatem præstat: ergo maior frigiditas maiorem grauitatem, <lb/>& maxima frigiditas maximam grauitatem præstabit per<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/241.jpg" pagenum="221"/><emph type="italics"/>regulam topicam: &longs;icut &longs;impliciter ad &longs;impliciter, ita magis <lb/>ad magis, & maxime ad maxime. </s> <s><expan abbr="Verũ">Verum</expan> &longs;umma e&longs;t in aqua <lb/>frigiditas, ergo &longs;umma est in aqua grauitas, hanc &longs;ummam <lb/>grauitatem humiditas auget, quæ cum in aere cau&longs;a &longs;it gra­<lb/>uitatis, in aqua eiu&longs;dem grauitas futur a est cau&longs;a: aqua igi­<lb/>tur geminam grauitatis cau&longs;am habet; verum terra vnatan <lb/>tum: mirandum ergo non erit, &longs;i aquam terra grauiorem di­<lb/>ximus, quod e&longs;t tam fal&longs;um, quam fal&longs;issimum.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Re&longs;pondeo, &longs;ed prius pono tria. </s> <s>primum est, elementorum <lb/>grauitates, & leuitates inter &longs;e &longs;pecie differunt, vt &longs;crip&longs;it <lb/>Auerroes libro tertio de cælo commentatione octaua, quod <lb/>probatur, quia terræ grauitas, & leuitas &longs;unt ab&longs;olutæ, & <lb/>grauitas, & leuitas aeris, & aquæ &longs;unt comparatæ; & ab&longs;o­<lb/>lutum, & quod cum alio confertur non tantum &longs;pecie, verum <lb/>etiam genere differunt, & quia <expan abbr="elem&etilde;torum">elementorum</expan> omnium motus, <lb/>qui à grauitate & leuitate fiunt, &longs;pecie di&longs;crepant: ergo & <lb/>grauitates, & leuitates à quibus <expan abbr="eorũdem">eorundem</expan> motus na&longs;cuntur, <lb/>&longs;pecie di&longs;crepabunt: & quia aeris in aquam, aut alterius cu­<lb/>iu&longs;uis elementi in aliud quoduis con&longs;imilis grauitatis, aut le­<lb/>uitatis mutatio, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> generatio, sed &longs;ola alteratio e&longs;&longs;et: non enim <lb/>totum, quod interit in totum, quod na&longs;citur nulla &longs;uper&longs;i&longs;tere <lb/>quæ &longs;entiri possit mutatur: &longs;i vtriu&longs;que grauitates, & leuita­<lb/>tes &longs;unt eiu&longs;dem &longs;peciei, con&longs;eruatur quidem in vtraque vtriu&longs;i <lb/>que eiu&longs;dem &longs;peciei grauitas, & leuitas; cum nulla generatio­<lb/>ne indigeant, quæ iam genitæ &longs;unt con&longs;imiles grauitates, & <lb/>leuitates, &longs;i eædem &longs;pecie &longs;unt, neque in primam v&longs;que mate­<lb/>riam generatio di&longs;&longs;olueretur; &longs;i grauitas; & leuitas eiu&longs;dem <lb/>&longs;peciei in vtroque ele mento remaneret: immo & eiu&longs;dem ele­<lb/>menti grauitates, & leuitates à &longs;e ip&longs;is &longs;pecie differunt: cum <lb/>elementum &longs;eu graue, &longs;eu leue e&longs;t in &longs;uo proprio naturali loco<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/242.jpg" pagenum="222"/><emph type="italics"/>& extra eumdem, quod <expan abbr="Themistiũ">Themistium</expan> latui&longs;&longs;e auctor e&longs;t Auer <lb/>roes quarto cæli <expan abbr="cõmentatione">commentatione</expan> vndetrige&longs;ima, & in eiu&longs;dem <lb/>loci paraphra&longs;i, & commentatione vndetrige&longs;ima. </s> <s>Quin <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb/>elementorum, atque mixtorum leuitates, & grauitates &longs;pecie <lb/><expan abbr="differũt">differunt</expan>, quod videre e&longs;t in parua mixti plumbi portione, quæ <lb/>e&longs;t magna &longs;implicis terræ portione grauior, &longs;pecie amplius dif <lb/>ferunt mixtorum leuitates, & pondera inter &longs;e, vt aeri & <lb/>ferri pondus vtrumque corpus graue est: atquiparuum au­<lb/>ri frustulum e&longs;t magna ferri portione grauius: has omnes le­<lb/>uitates, & grauitates &longs;pecie differre (vti diximus) à ratione <lb/>alienum non e&longs;t, quia grauitatem, & leuitatem formarum <lb/>loco v&longs;urpamus, quod elementorum formis maiores no&longs;tri no­<lb/>mina non po&longs;uerint, & quia motionum differentiæ ex diffe­<lb/>rentibus formis na&longs;cuntur; quæ cum elementorum in propriis <lb/>locis & extra propria loca inter &longs;e, & mixtorum inter &longs;e, & <lb/>cum elementis tum infra, tum extra propria loca &longs;pecie &longs;int <lb/>diuer&longs;æ, mirandum non erit, &longs;i elementorum inter &longs;e tum in <lb/>propriis, tum etiam in alienis locis, & mixtorum ab elemen­<lb/>tis, & inter &longs;e grauitates, & leuitates &longs;pecie &longs;int omnino diuer <lb/>&longs;æ: nam differentiæ, quæ à formis na&longs;cuntur, &longs;pecierum diffe­<lb/>rentiæ nuncupantur. </s> <s>Alexander Aphrodi&longs;ien&longs;is libro pri­<lb/>mo quæstionum natur alium capite &longs;exto non grauitati, & le <lb/>uitati tantum, sed etiam quatuor primis elementorum quali­<lb/>tatibus, quas eorumdem formas e&longs;&longs;e cen&longs;uit, has &longs;pecie diffe­<lb/>rentias a&longs;cribere videtur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Altera hyppothe&longs;is e&longs;t. </s> <s>Grauitas, & leuitas ex primis ele <lb/>mentorum qualitatibus non na&longs;cuntur, sed aut ex maxima, <lb/>aut ex minima distantia à motu primi mobilis, vt &longs;criptum <lb/>e&longs;t libro &longs;ecundo de cælo particula nonage&longs;imaquarta & par <lb/>ticula nonage&longs;ima&longs;ecunda, & in libro de&longs;tructionum contra<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/243.jpg" pagenum="223"/><emph type="italics"/>Algazelem quæ&longs;tione prima &longs;olutione vndecimi dubij, Ei, qui <lb/>di&longs;tantiam relationem e&longs;&longs;e affirmauerit, quæ propterea nul­<lb/>lius ab&longs;oluti cau&longs;a e&longs;&longs;e possit, re&longs;pondebimus, di&longs;tantiam duo­<lb/>bus modis con&longs;iderari: primo prout relationem &longs;ignificat; &longs;ic <lb/>grauitatem ab&longs;olutam non facit: &longs;ecundo pro re, & loco di­<lb/>&longs;tanti, quod e&longs;t relationis, aut terminus, aut fundamentum, <lb/>&longs;ic est ab&longs;oluta, & ab&longs;olutam grauitatem facere pote&longs;t.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Tertta hyppothe&longs;is est. </s> <s>Argumentum quod Auerroes <lb/>admaiorem aeris grauitatem, quam leuitatem confirman­<lb/>dam adducit, non e&longs;t demon&longs;tratiuum, sed à &longs;igno &longs;umptum, <lb/>velip&longs;o etiam Auerroe eodem in loco te&longs;te.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>His hyppothe&longs;ibus constitutis, re&longs;pondeo. </s> <s>Aeris grauitas ab <lb/>aquæ grauitate &longs;pecie difert, & <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> à primis qualitatibus, sed <lb/>ab alia cau&longs;a na&longs;citur; nam &longs;umma distantia à motu primi <lb/>mobilis dat terræ &longs;ummam grauitatem, & minor di&longs;t antia <lb/>aquæ minorem grauitatem præ&longs;tat, hanc primæ qualitates <lb/>non parturiunt, sed tantum iuuant, & potius &longs;igna &longs;unt & no <lb/>tæ eamdem indicantes, quam cau&longs;æ facientes; hæc ad argu­<lb/>menti materiam, nunc ad illius formam re&longs;pondendum.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Ad argumenti formam con&longs;equentia prima est inficien­<lb/>da, non enim &longs;equitur, Aqua e&longs;t frigidissima, & cum &longs;um­<lb/>ma frigiditate humiditatem coniunctam habet: ergo est gra<lb/>uissima. </s> <s>Ad probationem cum dicebatur; In aqua duæ <lb/>&longs;unt grauitatis cau&longs;æ frigiditas certè &longs;umma, & humiditas: <lb/>ergo & aquæ grauitas e&longs;t maior, inficiendum est antecedens, <lb/>quia fal&longs;um e&longs;t frigiditatem, & humiditatem grauitatis cau <lb/>&longs;as e&longs;&longs;e; hæ qualitates tantum &longs;unt notæ, quæ grauitatem, & <lb/>leuitatem indicant, & cau&longs;æ ea&longs;dem iuuantes, ac &longs;igna ea&longs;­<lb/>dem indicantes, & non cau&longs;æ facientes: grauitas, & leuitas <lb/>ex maiore, aut minore à motu primi mobilis di&longs;tantia na&longs;ci-<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/244.jpg" pagenum="224"/><emph type="italics"/>tur, vt &longs;upra vidimus. </s> <s>Argumentum igitur e&longs;t captio&longs;um, <lb/>& fallax, & ea captio, atque fallacia committitur, quæ non <lb/>cau&longs;apro cau&longs;a in elencis ab Aristotele nuncupatur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head"> <s>Quare Medicorum cucurbitulæ aquam, & car­<lb/>nem, non autem terram &longs;ur&longs;um trahant. <lb/></s> <s>Caput IX.<!-- KEEP S--></s></p><p type="main"> <s>H<emph type="italics"/>oc loco dissimulandum non e&longs;t, quod medicorum cu­<lb/>curbitulæ, aut aquæ, aut carni admotæ tam aquam, <lb/>quam carnem attrahant: ita vt aqua, & caro &longs;ua­<lb/>pte natura graues &longs;ur&longs;um a&longs;cendant, terram autem &longs;ur&longs;um <lb/>non trahant: id qua nam ratione accidat, quærere ab refor­<lb/>ta&longs;&longs;e non erit, & à nostro instituto non admodum alienum: <lb/>cum &longs;upra &longs;it dictum, aerem <expan abbr="violentiã">violentiam</expan> pa&longs;&longs;um in locum ignis <lb/>a&longs;cendere, &longs;i ignis extru&longs;us extra &longs;uum locum collocetur, & <lb/>aquam in locum aeris aere detracto contendere: terram ve­<lb/>rò &longs;ur&longs;um non ferri, &longs;i aqua ex &longs;uo loco mouetur. </s> <s>Quærimus <lb/>itaque: cur aqua & caxo, quibus medicorum cucurbitulæ <lb/>applicantur in ea&longs;dem a&longs;cendat, in quas terra non a&longs;cendit.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Re&longs;pondeo ex Aristotele quarto cæli particula vndetri­<lb/>ge&longs;ima, quoniam terra non vnam cum aqua &longs;uperficiem ha­<lb/>bet, neque terræ corpus, perindeac aquæ, & aeris corpus molle <lb/>e&longs;t; vt cum aliis mollibus corporibus corpus vnum qua&longs;i con­<lb/>tinuum euadat, sed arida terra e&longs;t, ariditatis autem qualitas <lb/>impedimento est terræ, quo minus cum cæteris elementis ita <lb/>coniungatur, vt qua&longs;i vna eorumdem &longs;uperficies fiat; porrò <lb/>æeris corpus molle e&longs;t, & humidum, quo fit, vt cum aliis non­<lb/>nullis mollibus corporibus facilè <expan abbr="iungãtur">iungantur</expan>, eorumdemque vna <lb/>qua&longs;i &longs;uperficies coale&longs;cat, hac de re medicorum cucurbitulæ<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/245.jpg" pagenum="225"/><emph type="italics"/>aerem, & non terram &longs;ur&longs;um trahunt.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>De aqua maior controuer&longs;ia e&longs;t, nec Ari&longs;totelis expo&longs;ito­<lb/>res, iidemque notæ non vulgaris con&longs;entiunt. </s> <s>Alexander <lb/>Aphrodi&longs;ien&longs;is, cui inter pri&longs;cos Ari&longs;totelis interpretes pri­<lb/>mæ vno omnium con&longs;en&longs;u tribuuntur, duas cau&longs;as cogitauit, <lb/>quarum prior ea e&longs;t.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Cucurbitularum ignis earumdem aerem in &longs;ui naturam <lb/>conuertit, aer excalefactus ab aqua frigida, cui cucurbitulæ <lb/>applicantur, alteratur: porrò frigidum conden&longs;at; ideo ne­<lb/>ce&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t, vt aer den&longs;etur, den&longs;atus minorem locum occupat, <lb/>& &longs;pacium derelinquit, quod ne vacuum exi&longs;tat, aqua &longs;ur­<lb/>&longs;um a&longs;cendit, & locum ab aere derelictum implet.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Hanc rationem Themi&longs;tius fallacem e&longs;&longs;e iudicat, propte­<lb/>rea quod cucurbitulæ non tantum frigidam, &longs;ed & calidam <lb/>aquam trahunt, à qua aer tum natura, tum etiam accidente <lb/>calidus frigidus fieri non valet, illis, quæ à Themi&longs;tio in Ale­<lb/>xandrum dicuntur, Auerroes addit: cucurbitulas attrahere <lb/>carnem &longs;uapte natura calidam, à qua aer calidus fieri non <lb/>pote&longs;t: deceptus est ergo Alexander.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Secundo re&longs;pondet Alexander: calidum attrahit: aer in <lb/>cucurbitulis est calidus: ergo &longs;ubiacentem aquam attrahit: <lb/>hæc attracta attrahentem aerem impellit, qui aer attractio­<lb/>nis, & impul&longs;ionis duplici motu cietur, & violentia aquæ irre <lb/>pellentis violentiam aeris attrahentis longè &longs;uperat: quapro­<lb/>pter nece&longs;&longs;e est, vt cucurbitularum aer ab impellente aqua <lb/>con&longs;tringatur, ita vt locum minorem posterius teneat; quam <lb/>prius tenuerit, quo locus minor, ne vacuus derelinquatur fit <lb/>vt aqua eo a&longs;cendat, & &longs;pacium illud impleat ne locus in na­<lb/>tura detur inanis.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Hanc &longs;ecundum Alexandri &longs;olutionem po&longs;&longs;e labefactari<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/246.jpg" pagenum="226"/><emph type="italics"/>ratus e&longs;t Themi&longs;tius: propterea quod mens non capit, &longs;en&longs;us <lb/>non accipit, animus non concipit, qui fiat, vt idem corpus ad <lb/>numerum ab eodem corpore numero &longs;imul eodemque tempo­<lb/>re numero trahat, & impellatur; qua de re <expan abbr="falsũ">falsum</expan> e&longs;t id, quod <lb/>Alexander dixit, aerem attrahere aquam à qua impelluur. <lb/></s> <s>Cui exemplo cucurbitularum carnem <expan abbr="attrah&etilde;tium">attrahentium</expan>, quæ vim <lb/>impellendi aerem non habet, contradici etiam potest.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Auerroes acer inue&longs;tigator, & diligens earum rerum, <lb/>quæ à natura inuoluuntur, Alexandri &longs;ententia & &longs;i non <lb/>omni aliqua &longs;altem ex parte explo&longs;a, & ip&longs;æ &longs;uam opinionem <lb/>producit, quæ, vt facilius intelligatur &longs;ciendum, &longs;ic compara­<lb/>tum e&longs;&longs;e, vt corpus fluidum non fluat, ni&longs;i aliud fluidum cor­<lb/>pus proximè con&longs;e quatur, ne &longs;i flueret, & nullum aliud cor­<lb/>pus con&longs;equeretur, &longs;pacium inane derelinqueretur, à quo na­<lb/>tura abhorret; vt &longs;i dolium aut vini, aut aquæ plenum omni <lb/>ex parte clau&longs;um in loco inferiore perforaretur, ex dolio nec <lb/>vinum, nec aqua per apertum locum egrederetur, quoniam <lb/>aliud corpus fluidum manantem liquorem con&longs;equi <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> po&longs;&longs;et, <lb/>ideo introclu&longs;us liquor immotus staret, & &longs;pacium illudim­<lb/>pleret, & &longs;i dolij os &longs;upremum aperiretur, per illud aer ingre <lb/>diretur, & per partem inferiorem apertam manantem lique <lb/>rem con&longs;equeretur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Clepsydræ quin etiam, quæ inferiorem partem latam par <lb/>uis quibu&longs;dam foraminibus perforatam habent, vt in &longs;uperio­<lb/>re loco perforatum os <expan abbr="angu&longs;tũ">angu&longs;tum</expan> habere con&longs;piciuntur, in <expan abbr="aquã">aquam</expan> <lb/>demi&longs;&longs;æ &longs;uperiore ore occlu&longs;o non implentur, nec per ea fora­<lb/>minæ, quæ in fundo &longs;unt, aliquid aquæ &longs;ubire pote&longs;t, quoniam <lb/>aer, qui e&longs;t in clepsydra, exitum non habet, ni&longs;i os &longs;upremum <lb/>aperiatur, ip&longs;o porrò aperto ore aer egreditur, quem aqua <lb/>mox con&longs;equitur, & ab a&longs;cendente aqua aerem con&longs;equente<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/247.jpg" pagenum="227"/><emph type="italics"/>clepsydræ implentur; quæ &longs;i clau&longs;o ore &longs;uperius existente in <lb/>aere plenæ &longs;u&longs;pendantur, ita vt nihil aeris ingredi possit, tum <lb/>nihil aquæ e foraminibus inferioribus exire poterit: ne &longs;i ex va<lb/>&longs;e aqua egrederetur, & aer in illud nullus ingrederetur, vas <lb/>inane remaneret, ore aperto aqua &longs;tatim &longs;tatim effluere incipit, & <lb/>aer de&longs;cendentem aquam &longs;equitur: ideo tota aqua ex clepsy­<lb/>dris egreditur, quæ vacuæ præterea non derelinquuntur, sed <lb/>plenæ aeris, aquam manentem con&longs;equentis.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>His con&longs;titutis, ad Auerroem à quo di&longs;ce ssimus explanan <lb/>dum reuertimur: aer (inquit Auerroes) ab igni calefit, ca­<lb/>lefactus fit leuis, & in &longs;uperiorem cucurbitulæ partem &longs;uapte <lb/>natura a&longs;cendit, ac partem cucurbitulæ inferiorem inanem <lb/>derelinquit, ad quam implendam tum aqua &longs;eu frigida, seu <lb/>calida tum caro a&longs;cendit, quæ cum &longs;it corpus graue, non a&longs;cen <lb/>deret, & leuem factum aerem &longs;uperius a&longs;cendentem non con­<lb/>&longs;equeretur, &longs;i aer à cucurbitularum igni excalefactus, & <lb/>propterea leuis redditus, non a&longs;cenderet, &longs;ed ibi locorum, vbi <lb/>prius extiter at, cum adhuc grauis er at, immotus derelinque­<lb/>retur, ne &longs;i a&longs;cenderet, nec aliud corpus a&longs;cendentem aerem <lb/>eodem tempore con&longs;equeretur, locus inanis derelinqueretur: <lb/>hac ergo ratione &longs;ubiacentem aerem aquam frigidam, & ca <lb/>lidam & carnem ignitæ medicorum cucurbitulæ trahunt.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Secunda cau&longs;a Auerrois e&longs;t prima Alexandri. <!-- KEEP S--></s> <s>Aerem <lb/>hunc dum attollitur, quæ &longs;ubiacent corpora aer aqua, & ca­<lb/>ro con&longs;equuntur, & &longs;pacium implent, quod vacuum derelin­<lb/>queretur ni&longs;i con&longs;equerentur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Tertia cau&longs;a Auerrois est &longs;ecunda Alexandri. <!-- KEEP S--></s> <s>Corpus <lb/>quod &longs;ubiacet a&longs;cendentem, at que trahentem aerem impel­<lb/>lit, dum ad implendum vacuum magno impetu &longs;ur&longs;um fer­<lb/>tur, & maiore nixu impellit, quam &longs;it motus tractus eiu&longs;dem,<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/248.jpg" pagenum="228"/><emph type="italics"/>& corpus impul&longs;um in angu&longs;tum arctat, & locum ab impul­<lb/>&longs;o corpore derelictum implet, ne vacuus derelinquatur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Cau&longs;æ ergo, quas Auerroes adduxit, &longs;unt tres. </s> <s>prima est <lb/>Auerrois tantum, secunda Auerrois e&longs;t prima Alexandri, <lb/>& tertia Auerrois est &longs;ecunda Alexandri. <!-- KEEP S--></s> <s>Cau&longs;æ Alexan <lb/>dri ab Auerroe veræ nulla ratione cen&longs;entur, ni&longs;i Auerrois <lb/>cau&longs;a primo loco po&longs;ita, ip&longs;a ablata, & Alexandri cau&longs;æ au <lb/>feruntur; ip&longs;a po&longs;ita Alexandri cau&longs;æ ponuntur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head"> <s>Quamobrem lata grauium corpora, vt <expan abbr="mineraliũ">mineralium</expan> <lb/>quorumdam laminæ aquæ nonnumquam <lb/>&longs;upernatant, minora verò eorum­<lb/>dum corpu&longs;cula &longs;ummer­<lb/>gantur. </s> <s>Cap. X.<!-- KEEP S--></s> </p><p type="main"> <s>H<emph type="italics"/>oc loco alia quæstio na&longs;citur, quare laminæ ferreæ, <lb/>aut plumbeæ aquæ nonnumquam &longs;upernatant; acus <lb/>vero, & cætera corpu&longs;cula longè minora, & minus <lb/>etiam grauia, in aquam statim mergantur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Præterea qua de cau&longs;a fieri dicendum est, vt grauium <lb/>corporum particulæ aquæ &longs;upernatent, cum tamen ea ex qui <lb/>bus hæc distrahuntur, certum &longs;it aqua &longs;ummergi?<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>It emque tenuissimi pulueres, non &longs;olum aquæ, sed etiam <lb/>aeri <expan abbr="in&longs;ideãt">in&longs;ideant</expan>? </s> <s>& per medium aerem &longs;ublimes ferantur? </s> <s>cum <lb/>tamen totum in puluerem comminuendum priusquam conte <lb/>ratur ad inferiorem <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> præceps ruat? </s> <s>vt auri, aut plumbi <lb/>puluis aquæ &longs;upernat are, & per medium aerem volitare cer­<lb/>nitur, auri vero, vt plumbi fru&longs;tum non dum contritum in &longs;u­<lb/>periore loco &longs;tare ne&longs;cit, sed in inferiorem partem de&longs;cendit.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;toteles libro quarto de cælo particulæ quadrage&longs;ima<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/249.jpg" pagenum="229"/><emph type="italics"/>prima has omnes quæstiones mouet, atque explo&longs;a prius &longs;en­<lb/>tentia Democriti, tum cæterorum philosophorum, quiillius <lb/>dogmata probant, suam propriam solutionem magis consen­<lb/>taneam posterius adducit, & duo de illius sententia poni­<lb/>mus, quorum alterum illud e&longs;t.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Ex continuis corporibus quædam quibus dam diuidi faci­<lb/>lius po&longs;&longs;unt, vt aqua, & aer liquida corpora naturam eam <lb/>habent, vt facilè diuidantur; aer quoniam magis liquidus est <lb/>quam aqua, & aqua quam terra longè facilius diuiditur, <lb/>quod minus e&longs;t, in vno quoque genere minore cum negocio &longs;cin <lb/>ditur; vt minor portio aeris, quam maior, & modica aqua, <lb/>quam immen&longs;a facilius dissipatur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Alterum vero quod ex Ari&longs;totele ponimus, illud e&longs;t, eam <lb/>dem differentiam <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> e&longs;&longs;e eorum, quæ vim &longs;ecandi habent, alia <lb/>enim vi&longs;ecandi maiore, alia minore &longs;unt à natura donata, vt <lb/>quæ aucta &longs;unt cu&longs;pide, & quæ in mucronem egrediuntur, <lb/>promptius diuidunt, quæ verò oblonga, & plana, aut qua­<lb/>drata &longs;unt corpora minore cum efficacia, & maiore cum dif <lb/>ficultate &longs;cindunt: quod priora rei diuidendæ minus, posterio­<lb/>ra verò magis occupent, multa enim &longs;ub&longs;tantia rei diuidendæ <lb/>egrius &longs;cinditur, quam pauca &longs;cindatur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>His po&longs;itis ad quæ&longs;ita re&longs;pondemus, quæ lata &longs;unt corpora, <lb/>quia multum amplectuntur, ab inferiore corpore &longs;cindendo <lb/>&longs;ustinentur, quod <expan abbr="muliũ">mulium</expan> diuidendi corporis non facilè di&longs;per­<lb/>gatur. </s> <s>Quæ angu&longs;ta &longs;unt corpora ea, quia paulum compre­<lb/>hendunt facilè diuidunt, & diui&longs;um eo modo penetrant, quo <lb/>corporum penetratio datur, ideo in fundum deor&longs;um ferun­<lb/>tur; id quod in aqua accidere videmus, in aere id facilius acci­<lb/>dit, quod facilius <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> aer aqua di&longs;rumpitur, quoniam corpus <lb/>pondero&longs;um vim quandam innatam habet, à qua deor&longs;um im<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/250.jpg" pagenum="230"/><emph type="italics"/>petu &longs;uo feratur, & qua &longs;ubiacentia corpora di&longs;rumpat, & <lb/>quæ &longs;ubiacent corpora <expan abbr="quãquam">quanquam</expan> diuidua aliquando &longs;unt, ta­<lb/>menre&longs;istunt, & contr anituntur, ne dissipentur, &longs;i ergo vis <lb/>ponderis diuidentis &longs;uperior fuerit, id quod &longs;ub&longs;ternitur conti­<lb/>nuatum corpus facilè diuidetur: &longs;cindens logè celerius deor­<lb/>&longs;um præcipitabitur, &longs;i vero imbecillior fuerit grauis, & &longs;cin­<lb/>den: is corporis ad &longs;cindendum facult as maiore nixu ab infe­<lb/>riore corpore &longs;cindendo &longs;u&longs;tinebitur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Itaque ferreæ, & plumbeæ laminæ, vt ad eas <expan abbr="tãdem">tandem</expan> reuer <lb/>tamur à quibus diuertimus, &longs;upernatant; quia maiore nixu <lb/>illis ab aqua re&longs;istitur, quam minoribus, & leuioribus corpu­<lb/>&longs;culis in acutam &longs;u&longs;pidem egressis.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Propter eamdem cau&longs;am &longs;upernatant tenuissimi auri, & <lb/>plumbi pulueres, quia imbecilla e&longs;t in illis &longs;cindendi potestas; <lb/>auri magnum frustulum &longs;cindit facilius, & eam ob cau&longs;am <lb/>velocius de&longs;cendit.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Pulueres item in aere &longs;u&longs;pen&longs;i non de&longs;cendunt, quia aerem <lb/>non &longs;cindunt, quem maiora corpora frangunt.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Hæc motuum & &longs;tatuum differentiæ non corporum natu <lb/>ris per &longs;e, sed eorumdem figuris per accidens tribuuntur ab <lb/>Ari&longs;totele libro quarto de cælo particula quadrage&longs;imapri­<lb/>ma.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Nunc ad aerem ip&longs;um reuertimur: quem &longs;uo in loco gra <lb/>uem e&longs;&longs;e diximus, immo magis grauem, quam leuem, quan­<lb/>do corpora grauia deor&longs;um velocius, quam leuia sur&longs;um fert, <lb/>vt Simplicium mi&longs;&longs;um faciamus, qui eumdem tantum gra­<lb/>uem e&longs;&longs;e, non autem leuem, affirmare videtur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Figuræ ergo ad quas horum <expan abbr="motuũ">motuum</expan> in &longs;implicibus elemen­<lb/>tis cau&longs;am Plato rettulit, omnino non efficiunt, vt quicquans <lb/>&longs;ur sum aut deor&longs;um feratur, sed aut celerius aut tardius<emph.end type="italics"/>: <pb xlink:href="011/01/251.jpg" pagenum="231"/><emph type="italics"/>cau&longs;æ &longs;unt quidem sed non motus alicuius, verum aut maioris <lb/>aut minoris velocitatis, & tarditatis in motu, quæ enim lata<lb/>&longs;unt, quia multum amplectuntur, non &longs;emper &longs;ed diutius &longs;u&longs;ti <lb/>nentur, quia non facilè nec cito, sed œgrè ac tardè quod &longs;ubie <lb/>ctum est tandem di&longs;rumpunt.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head"> <s>Exitus nouæ quæ&longs;tionis explicatur. <lb/></s> <s>Caput XI.<!-- KEEP S--></s></p><p type="main"> <s>E<emph type="italics"/>x quibus nouæ quæ&longs;tiones intrego na&longs;cuntur: &longs;i aer, & <lb/>aqua sunt in proprio loco graues, cur nos tantum pon­<lb/>deris non &longs;entimus, quantum illud e&longs;t, quod nostra capi­<lb/>ta præmit? </s> <s>cur aues per <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> aerem volantes ab aeris gra­<lb/>ui pondere non <expan abbr="cõprimuntur">comprimuntur</expan>? </s> <s>Cur ab eo compre&longs;&longs;æ, aut deor­<lb/>&longs;um non truduntur, aut non &longs;uffocantur? </s> <s>Cur pi&longs;ces per ocea­<lb/>num natantes, & <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> profundas oceani partes petentes nec <lb/>bilum quidem ponderis, & grauissimi sentiunt? </s> <s>Si ergo gra­<lb/>uis e&longs;t aqua, &longs;i grauis est aer, quomodo effugiemus; quin illo­<lb/>rum pondus sentiamus? </s> <s>&longs;i verò hæc duo elementa nec grauia <lb/>&longs;unt, nec leuia in &longs;uis locis, quomodo effugiet Ari&longs;toteles, quin <lb/>ip&longs;æ pugnantia dicat?<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Re&longs;pondeo hanc vnam ob rem nos ab aeris pondere <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> præ <lb/>mimur, à quo nec aues volantes, nec pi&longs;ces natantes ab aqua <lb/>premuntur, quia nec aer, nec aqua verè graue corpus est, aut <lb/>verè leue in &longs;uo proprio, naturalique loco: licet, & graue, & <lb/>leue <expan abbr="vtrũque">vtrunque</expan> elementum dicatur, quatenus <expan abbr="grauiũ">grauium</expan> & leuium <lb/>motum iuuant, & quatenus grauia, & leuia corpora &longs;ur&longs;um, <lb/>& deor&longs;um <expan abbr="portãt">portant</expan>, & &longs;unt hæc duo elementa magis grauia, <lb/>quam leuia, quia grauia maiore cum efficacia deor&longs;um, <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> <lb/>leuia &longs;ursum ferunt.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><pb xlink:href="011/01/252.jpg" pagenum="232"/><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Simplicius libro quarto de cælo particula trige&longs;ima dixit <lb/>vtrumque corpus e&longs;&longs;e continuum, ideo partem a parte &longs;u&longs;tine, <lb/>ri, & propter eam causam pondus non &longs;entiri, vt animalia in <lb/>parietum for aminibus latitantia, à parietum graui pondere <lb/>non præmuntur, quia vndique murus &longs;emetipsum &longs;ustentat, <lb/>quæ an vera &longs;int alibi di&longs;putauimus, ea quæ nos attulimus, ve <lb/>rissima e&longs;&longs;e arbitramur, ideo Simplicium prudentes præteri­<lb/>mus, & à parte Auerrois &longs;tamus, à quo hanc no&longs;tram &longs;enten <lb/>tiam mutuati&longs;umus. </s> <s>Est ergo aer, & aqua tum grauis, tum <lb/>leuis in &longs;uo loco naturali non propriè, sed quia vtrumque cor­<lb/>pus tum graue, tum leue, tum &longs;ursum, tum deor&longs;um portat, <lb/>& vtriu&longs;que motum iuuat, &longs;iue natura, &longs;iue violentia fiant.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head"> <s>Reditus ad exemplum vtrisillius, de quo &longs;upra <lb/>capite &longs;exto diximus. </s> <s>Cap. XII.<!-- KEEP S--></s> </p><p type="main"> <s>EAM <emph type="italics"/>ob rem vter inflatus (vt ad illum reuertamur, à <lb/>quo di&longs;ceptatio no&longs;tra sen&longs;im effulxit) maioris ponde­<lb/>ris e&longs;&longs;e solet vtre non inflato, quod aer in vtre inflato in­<lb/>clu&longs;us &longs;it grauis, id est vtris grauis motum deor&longs;um iuuet, & <lb/>inflatum vtrem deor&longs;um celerius portet, quam &longs;i non e&longs;&longs;et in­<lb/>flatus; & eiu&longs;dem motum cit <expan abbr="atior&etilde;">atiorem</expan> efficiat, non alia de cau&longs;a, <lb/>quam ea&longs;it, quam hactenus accepistis. </s> <s>Plumbum <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> quod <lb/>ferro rarius e&longs;t, ferro e&longs;t grauius in aere propter aeris par­<lb/>tes, quæ plures in raro plumbo, quam inden&longs;o ferro continen­<lb/>tur: qua de re Aristoteles agit libro quarto Phy&longs;icorum par <lb/>ticula octuage&longs;imaquarta, & octuag e&longs;imaquinta, hæc ad ma <lb/>teriam.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Ad formam argumenti supra adducti cum ex tertio cæ­<lb/>li particula vige&longs;imaoctaua, & ex quarto cæli particula tri-<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/253.jpg" pagenum="233"/><emph type="italics"/>ge&longs;ima dicebatur. </s> <s>Aer vtrumque motum iuuat &longs;ursum, & <lb/>deorsum, & vtraque corpora grauia, & leuia in motu violen <lb/>to, & naturali portat, & vter inflatus e&longs;t vere inani grauior: <lb/>ergo aer in &longs;uo loco est verè grauis: negatur con&longs;equentia, &longs;i <lb/>de aeris natura intelligatur, & eadem <expan abbr="cõ&longs;equentia">con&longs;equentia</expan> datur, &longs;i <lb/>de effectu, qui in grauibus, & leuibus corporibus &longs;pectatur, <lb/>id totum intelligere velimus: item cum dicitur; aer corpora<lb/>grauia deorsum fert facilius quam leuia &longs;ursum: ergo ma­<lb/>gis grauis, quam leuis: inficienda est consequentia, &longs;i de aeris <lb/>natura nec graui, nec leui in &longs;uo loco natur ali audiatur, & <lb/>concedenda &longs;i de affectu aeris; qui efficacius grauia deor­<lb/>&longs;um, quam leuia &longs;ursum portat; de aqua dicendum est idem.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head"> <s>Quomodo elementorum motus à medio <lb/>pendeat. </s> <s>Cap. XIII.<!-- KEEP S--></s> </p><p type="main"> <s>OSTENDO <emph type="italics"/>elementorum motum non pendere à me­<lb/>dio, præ&longs;ertim <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> dictum &longs;it, medium moueri per &longs;e à <lb/>sua forma naturali, post quam à &longs;implici corpore gra<lb/>ui, & leui motum fuerit: quia tunc sequeretur, corpus &longs;im­<lb/>plex in fine, <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> in principio tardius moueri, cui aduer&longs;atur <lb/>Ari&longs;toteles primo cæli particula octuage&longs;imanona: conse­<lb/>quentia probatur. </s> <s>Prima pars aeris moti secundam mouet, <lb/>& secunda tertiam, & &longs;ic deinceps: ergo secundum <expan abbr="mou&etilde;s">mouens</expan> <lb/>minus mouet, quam primum & tertium minus quam secun­<lb/>dum, vt patet in his, quæ proiciuntur: ergo elementa tar dius <lb/>in fine, quam in principio mouentur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Re&longs;pondeo medium impul&longs;um prius natura, & &longs;i non tem <lb/>pore à violento impellente mouetur, & po&longs;terius à sua forma <lb/>dum medium (verbi gratia) lapidem in sublime <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> por-<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/254.jpg" pagenum="234"/><emph type="italics"/>tat, ideo extrinseco motore primo quiescente adhuc lapis mo­<lb/>uetur; lapidis motus superiorem mundi plagam versus tum <lb/>naturali, tum violenta motui e&longs;t aliqua ex parte &longs;imilis, aer <lb/>enim vt à lapide motus lapidem portat, lapidis motum natu­<lb/>rali motui nonnulla ex parte &longs;imilem facit, vt autem moius <lb/>e&longs;t contra natur alem lapidis inclinationem, &longs;ic e&longs;t verè violen <lb/>ius, vt dixit Auerroes libro tertio de cælo commentatione vi­<lb/>ge&longs;imaoctaua. </s> <s>Ab aere igtur primo impul&longs;o proximus aer <lb/>quie&longs;cens impellitur, qui primi mouentis impul&longs;um excipit, & <lb/>exceptum tam diu con&longs;eruat, & auget, quam diu potest; po­<lb/>te&longs;t autem tam diu, quoad mouentis vis, & facultas à medio, <lb/>& per medium fertur: porrò cum vis illius, quod primo mo­<lb/>uet per medium & à medio ferri desiit, motus, qui citatior <lb/>fuer at incipit fieri &longs;egnior, donec mobile tandem quie&longs;cat; me <lb/>dium enim impellenti re&longs;i&longs;tit, qua de re tractu temporis mo­<lb/>tum impellentis magis languidum efficit: i&longs;tæ aer &longs;ecundo im <lb/>pul&longs;us à primo &longs;egnius moueri incipit, quam aer primo impul­<lb/>&longs;us moueretur, quod primus aer ab extrin&longs;eco motore vehe­<lb/>mentius impelleretur, quam istæ primus aer à primo motore <lb/>impul&longs;us aerem &longs;ecundum impulerit; qua ratione fit, vt aeris <lb/>motus in principio &longs;it ocior, & po&longs;t principium &longs;emper &longs;it &longs;e­<lb/>gnior, po&longs;t <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> primi mouentis impetus langue &longs;cere cœperit, <lb/>ideo nece&longs;&longs;e est, vt quæ proiiciuntur, tardius in fine, quam in <lb/>principio moueantur. </s> <s>Quod &longs;i extrin&longs;ecus mouens ab aere <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb/>e&longs;&longs;et deiunctum, vt est, sed e&longs;&longs;et semper coniunctum, quod <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb/>est, semperque immediatè moueret, vt non &longs;emper mouet, ea­<lb/>dem &longs;emper e&longs;&longs;et cau&longs;a motus eiu&longs;dem, & prima pars aeris <lb/>primo moti ab extrin&longs;eco motore &longs;ecundam, & &longs;ecunda ter­<lb/>tiam, & tertia quartam pari velocitate moueret. </s> <s>Vtrum est <lb/>igitur illud quo argumentum tendit in motu violento, & non<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/255.jpg" pagenum="235"/><emph type="italics"/>in motu naturali, in quo mouens dum mouendo medium mo­<lb/>uetur, maiores vires a&longs;&longs;umit; ideo velocius agit in aerem, & <lb/>efficacius eumdem pellit; aer autem velocius motus mobile ve <lb/>locius portat, quo fit vt motus istæ naturalis velocior &longs;it in fi­<lb/>ne, quam in principio. </s> <s>In his quæ proiiciuntur id non licet; quo <lb/>niam motor e&longs;t ab aere di&longs;iunctus. </s> <s>In his que natura mouen­<lb/>tur, motor e&longs;t coniunctus, ideo illorum motus e&longs;t in fine &longs;egnior <lb/>horum verò citatior: hæc ad materiam.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Ad formam argumenti nunc re&longs;pondemus. </s> <s>Cum diceba­<lb/>tur, medium per &longs;e à &longs;ua forma natur ali mouetur, postquam <lb/>à corpore graui, aut leui motum fuerit: ergo tardius in fine, <lb/>quam in principio: in ficienda est con&longs;equentia ad <expan abbr="probation&etilde;">probationem</expan>, <lb/>neganda est &longs;imilitudo. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quãquam">Quanquam</expan> enim proiectorum motus <lb/>ocior ect in principio, quam in fine; quia prima pars aeris pri <lb/>mi moti secundam mouet, & &longs;ecunda tertiam, & &longs;ic dein­<lb/>ceps; & quamquam motus istæ propter motoris distantiam <lb/>vires perdit eundo, ideo fit &longs;egnior, non tamen id motui natu­<lb/>rali v&longs;u venire pote&longs;t, quia violentus motor à mobili &longs;it di&longs;iun­<lb/>ctus, & propter di&longs;tantiam mobili vires <expan abbr="cõmunicare">communicare</expan> nequeat, <lb/>quia motor natur alis e&longs;t &longs;emper mobili coniunctus, ideo mobi­<lb/>le &longs;emper mouet, & mouendo maiores vires a&longs;&longs;umit, à quibus <lb/>motus in fine fit velocior, nec tantum mobili, sed etiam medio <lb/>e&longs;t motor natur alis &longs;emper coniunctus, ideo mobilis & medij<lb/>motum augere pote&longs;t, quoad mobile ad finem peruenerit: mo­<lb/>tor violentus po&longs;t primum impul&longs;um tum à mobili, tum à me <lb/>dio e&longs;t &longs;uperatum, quam ob cau&longs;am nec mobilis, nec medij mo<lb/>tum augere pote&longs;t, sed propter mobilis, & medij <expan abbr="re&longs;i&longs;tentiã">re&longs;i&longs;tentiam</expan>, <lb/>& propter motoris di&longs;tantiam nece&longs;&longs;e est laxari motum, & <lb/>continuo fieri tardiorem, quoad motus omni ex parte &longs;olua­<lb/>tur, & mobile tandem quie&longs;cat.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><pb xlink:href="011/01/256.jpg" pagenum="236"/><p type="head"> <s>Quas ob cau&longs;as quod natura moueturvelocius <lb/>in fine, quam in principio apud Plato­<lb/>nem, & Thaletem Mile&longs;ium mo­<lb/>ueatur. </s> <s>Caput XIIII.<!-- KEEP S--></s></p><p type="main"> <s>NVNC <emph type="italics"/>quærimus: vtrum aliæ &longs;int cau&longs;æ maioris ve <lb/>locitatis in fine motus naturalis, & minoris in prin­<lb/>cipio.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Platonici id tum vniuer&longs;i, tum elementorum animabus <lb/>a&longs;cribunt. </s> <s>Platonis enim &longs;ententia e&longs;t in Phædro: duodecim <lb/>animas cum Ioue duce quamfelicissimas &longs;emper incedere ob <lb/>id quod totidem &longs;phæarum corpora Plato po&longs;uerit, videlicet <lb/>globos octo cæle&longs;tes, quos in Thimæo, & Epinomide numerat, <lb/>& quatuor quæ &longs;uper&longs;unt elementa, quæ cum præcedentibus <lb/>globis cælestibus duo denarium numerum faciunt: hæc duo­<lb/>decim corpora à duodecim animabus reguntur, quarum prin <lb/>cipem Iouem, id e&longs;t mundi animam con&longs;tituit: ex qua &longs;enten­<lb/>tia colligunt ab huiu&longs;modi animabus, non &longs;olum natur alem <lb/>elementorum a&longs;cen&longs;um, at que de&longs;cen&longs;um fieri, sed eumdem <lb/>etiam in fine augeri; vniuscuiu&longs;que enim elementi anima <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> <lb/>libet eiu&longs;dem elementi particulam, vt magnes ferrum ad &longs;e <lb/>ip&longs;am trahit, & à quolibet loco di&longs;tanti. </s> <s>Trahit quoque ad id <lb/>anima mundi, quo fit, vt motus lapidis di&longs;cendentis ab alto, <lb/>quo propius ad centrum accedit, eo fiat velocior, & flammæ <lb/>motus a&longs;cendentis, quo fiat cælo propinquior, eo euadat rapa­<lb/>cior efficaciore animarum tractu in fine, quam in principio, <lb/>& quam quam hic <expan abbr="trah&etilde;di">trahendi</expan> mo dus non videtur explodendum, <lb/>tamen ab hac <expan abbr="cõtemplatione">contemplatione</expan> Platonici non put ant, quemad­<lb/>modum &longs;i homines ferri quidem ip&longs;ius motum ad magnetem<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/257.jpg" pagenum="237"/><emph type="italics"/>videntes, magnetem trahentem non viderent, ferrum ex &longs;e <lb/>ip&longs;o moueri <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> dicerent, sed à magnete trahente, it a nunc qui <lb/>elementorum animas non vident, elementorum particulas à <lb/>&longs;e moueri non credunt; sed ab eorumdem elementorum ani­<lb/>mabus Platonici, qui ea&longs;dem intellectu concipiunt, tum moue <lb/>ri, tum velocius in fine quam in principio agitari affirmant: <lb/>ad id anima vniuer&longs;i iuuante motum: eumdemque in fine, <lb/>quam in principio citationem efficiente.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Hæc e&longs;t <expan abbr="Platonicorũ">Platonicorum</expan> &longs;ententia, <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> Peripatetici refutant; <lb/><expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> enim anima à Peripateticis ponitur, cuius nullum e&longs;t cor­<lb/>pus, vt corpus <expan abbr="nullũ">nullum</expan> e&longs;t animæ vniuer&longs;i. </s> <s>At dices anima mun <lb/>di vniner &longs;i corpus efformat, & mouet, id tamen fieri <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> po&longs;&longs;e <lb/>ratio &longs;uadet; <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> vniuer &longs;i corpus vnum continuatum corpus <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb/>&longs;it, sed ex compluribus dissipatis corporibus coaugmentatum <lb/>adinuicem non &longs;olum genere differentibus, sed longè <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ma­<lb/>gis: quibus corporibus tantopere di&longs;crepantibus, atque di­<lb/>&longs;tantibus vna anima tribui con&longs;entaneum non e&longs;t, quia enim <lb/>fieri potest, vt æternum cæli corpus, & &longs;ordidum elementum, <lb/>ac putre cadauer ab vna anima mundi regantur? </s> <s>certèid <lb/>nulla ratio &longs;uadet: multò etiam minus vnius animæ mundi <lb/>complexu æternæ, atque cæle&longs;tes animæ, & formæ materia­<lb/>les ortui, interitu&longs;que obnoxiæ, immo animæ cælestes, & in <lb/>formis materia coercebuntur; quapropter hæc anima mundi <lb/>non datur, ni&longs;i quis per mundi animam ordinem illum intel­<lb/>ligat, de quo &longs;upra egimus: de &longs;ententia Alexandri in &longs;uis <lb/>quæstionibus natur alibus.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Verum elementa animata e&longs;&longs;e Thales Mile&longs;ius hoc ar­<lb/>gumento probauit: totum, quod est con&longs;imilium partium, e&longs;t <lb/>eiu&longs;dem rationis cum vnaquaque parte, sed aqua est totum <lb/><expan abbr="cõ&longs;i">con&longs;i</expan> milium partium: ergo tota aqua & quælibet eius pars<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/258.jpg" pagenum="238"/><emph type="italics"/>e&longs;t eiu&longs;dem rationis: at aquæ pars in nobis, & in quolibet ani <lb/>mante est animata: ergo & totum aquæ elementum est in <lb/>&longs;e ip&longs;o animatum; idque de cæteris tribus elementis Thales <lb/>Mile&longs;ius credendum e&longs;&longs;e cen&longs;uit, quod de aqua credidit.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Elementorum contra Platonem, & Thaletem nullas e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>animas facilè intellig et is, qui animæ definitionem secundo de <lb/>anima ab Ari&longs;totele <expan abbr="di&longs;putatã">di&longs;putatam</expan> ad veritatis trutinam expen­<lb/>dere voluerit. </s> <s>E&longs;t, enim anima actus corporis non cuiu&longs;uis sed <lb/>instrumentarij, quæ instrumenta non &longs;unt in elementis: ideo <lb/>nullæ erit elementorum anima. </s> <s>Præterea &longs;i elementa <expan abbr="animã">animam</expan> <lb/>habere dicuntur, cur animantia non &longs;unt? </s> <s>& &longs;i animantia <lb/>non &longs;unt, cur animam habent? </s> <s>& &longs;i anima est in elementis, <lb/>cur nullæ partium animæ in illis inueniuntur? </s> <s>non vegetandi, <lb/>quoniam non augentur, non minuuntur, non aluntur, non &longs;i­<lb/>mile gignunt. </s> <s>Non &longs;entiendi, quia à qualitatibus primis, quæ <lb/>&longs;ummæ &longs;unt in illis, non afficiuntur, quæ ad &longs;en&longs;um tangendi <lb/>pertinent, &longs;ine quo omnium primo nullus alius po&longs;terior e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>potest. </s> <s>Non intelligendi, quia elementa e&longs;&longs;ent, aut homines, <lb/>aut Dij. <!-- KEEP S--></s> <s>Non ex loco ad locum mouendi, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> pedibus careant, <lb/>& aliis instrumentis, quæ pedum loco animantibus natur a <lb/>dedit, &longs;ine quibus animantia ad locum moueri non queunt. <lb/></s> <s>Elementa ergo animata e&longs;&longs;e non po&longs;&longs;unt. </s> <s>Ad argumentum <lb/>Thaletis re&longs;pondeo: dicimus, aquam in nobis non e&longs;&longs;e anima­<lb/>tam, nec alia pars cuiu&longs;uis elementi; quapropter nec totum <lb/>elementum animatum erit, sed in nobis animatum e&longs;t id, quod <lb/>e&longs;t ex <expan abbr="omniũ">omnium</expan> <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> mixtione <expan abbr="concretũ">concretum</expan>; hæc ad <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Adformam totum primum argumentum damus, & an <lb/>tecedens &longs;ecundi argumenti neg amus. </s> <s>Argumentum, quod <lb/>Platonici addunt, dum dicunt: hanc animam mundi non vi­<lb/>deri; nec propter hanc cau&longs;am e&longs;&longs;e negandam, nullius est ro-<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/259.jpg" pagenum="239"/><emph type="italics"/>boris, quia nihil intellectu concipere po&longs;&longs;umus, quin illud &longs;en­<lb/>&longs;u prius cognouerimus, animæ item mundi elementa trahen <lb/>tis, & magnetis, quæ ferrum trahit &longs;imilitudo negatur: nega <lb/>rietiam pote&longs;t, quod dicunt: &longs;i nulla habita cognitione ma­<lb/>gnetis ferrum ad magnetem cieri videremus, ferrum ex &longs;e <lb/>ip&longs;o mouerinon diceremus, sed à magnete trahente; cuius nul <lb/>lam cognitionem haberemus; per inficiationem hoc totum est <lb/>diluendum: ferrum enim nec à &longs;e cum nihil &longs;emetip&longs;um mo­<lb/>ueat, sed ab alio motore, quem ignor aremus, moueri pro cer­<lb/>to &longs;ciremus. </s> <s>Quæ &longs;i vera &longs;unt: quis huiu&longs;modi animabus, quæ <lb/>nullibi inueniuntur, aut elementorum motum, aut motus eiu&longs; <lb/>dem maiorem in fine velocitatem a&longs;crip&longs;erit? </s> <s>certè nullus, ni­<lb/>&longs;i qui &longs;en&longs;u communi caruerit.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Motus etiam elementorum ad propria loca e&longs;&longs;et violen­<lb/>tus, &longs;i traherentur, quoniam violentus e&longs;t motus tractus, vel <lb/>&longs;altem neuter, & non naturalis, sed methaphoricus, vt est <lb/>tractus ferri ad magnetem: nos autem natur alis motus cau­<lb/>&longs;as naturales quærimus, quæ præter eas quas attulimus, &longs;unt <lb/>plures, & non negligendæ.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head"> <s>Hypparci, Leucippi, & Iamblici opiniones <lb/>tolluntur. </s> <s>Caput XV.<!-- KEEP S--></s></p><p type="main"> <s>HYPPARCVS <emph type="italics"/>Methapontinus in libro, qui ab eo <lb/>&longs;cribitur. </s> <s>De his quæ per grauitatem deor&longs;um ferun­<lb/>tur, duos motus contrarios &longs;e vicissim impedire, ac tol <lb/>lere, & motum &longs;ur&longs;um & deor&longs;um contrarios e&longs;&longs;e cum ani­<lb/>uerti&longs;&longs;et, vnà cum Lipario vetu&longs;tissimo grauissimoque Ari­<lb/>&longs;totelis expo&longs;itore, <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> deor&longs;um natur alem à motu &longs;ur&longs;um <lb/>violento impediri, & inde motum deor&longs;um in fine cit atior em<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/260.jpg" pagenum="240"/><emph type="italics"/>futurum e&longs;t ratus, quod &longs;agittarum, quæ ex arcubus proie­<lb/>ctæ &longs;ur&longs;um violentæ volitant exemplo confirmat: ait enim &longs;a­<lb/>gittas tam diu &longs;ur&longs;um ferri, quam diu impetus ab arcus cor­<lb/>dæ &longs;u&longs;ceptus langue&longs;cere incipit, &longs;agittarumque motus violentus <lb/>flacce&longs;cit, & adhuc violento motu nonnulla ex parte &longs;uper&longs;ti­<lb/>te &longs;agittæ deor&longs;um moueri incipiunt, quæ & &longs;i tunc eo gra­<lb/>uiores &longs;int, quo magis à centro di&longs;tant, &longs;egnius tamen mouen <lb/>tur, quia à contrario motu violento, cuius reliquiæ adhuc &longs;er­<lb/>uantur, impeditur, ac retardatur; in de&longs;cen&longs;u violentus motus <lb/>finitur, & naturalis ab&longs;que impedimento relinquitur, ideo <lb/>tunc nece&longs;&longs;e est, vt propè centrum &longs;agittarum motus cita­<lb/>tior fiat.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Hanc Hypparci, & Leucippi opinionem Alexander <lb/>Aphrodi&longs;ien&longs;is validissimè agitat: pro cuius faciliori decla­<lb/>ratione &longs;ciendum. </s> <s>Motum violentum duobus modis con&longs;ide­<lb/>rari po&longs;&longs;e, &longs;emel vt cum natur ali motu coniunctus, &longs;ic <expan abbr="tãtum">tantum</expan> <lb/>abe&longs;t, vt eumdem impediat, vt naturalem motum iuuet, cita­<lb/>tioremque faciat, quod videre e&longs;t in ferreis, plumbei&longs;que glan <lb/>dibus, quæ à bellicis tormentis cum impetu ignis violentia <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> <lb/>quam deor&longs;um proiectæ, non &longs;olum aggeres, vallos, & menia <lb/>quatiunt, sed & inexpugnabilissima propugnacula diruunt <lb/>in tenuissimumque puluerem comminuunt, ita vt nullis arti­<lb/>bus illis re&longs;i&longs;ti possit: eædem ferreæ plumbeæque glandes nul­<lb/>la ignis ex bellicis tormentis proiectæ, sed earumdem naturæ <lb/>derelictæ, quantumuis graues deor&longs;um cadentes tantam rui­<lb/>nam non molirentur: ergo tantum abest, vt violentia natu­<lb/>ræ coniuncta motum natur alem tollat, atque impediat, vt <lb/>eumdem iuuet, augeat, & citatiorem efficiat.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Secundo violentus motus con&longs;iderari potest, quatenus in <lb/>alteram partem fit à natur ali motu non rarò diuer&longs;um: tunc<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/261.jpg" pagenum="241"/><emph type="italics"/>cum naturali motu non coniungitur, naturalem motum non <lb/>iuuat, sed retardat, & impedit: &longs;ic grauium &longs;agittarum mo­<lb/>tus naturalis ad centrum à motu violento ad cælum non mo­<lb/>do retardatur, sedomnino tollieur, donec acceptus impetus <lb/>finiatur: quo finito &longs;agittæ & tardius in principio, quam in <lb/>fine ad centrum feruntur: ergo Hypparci & Leucippi fal&longs;a <lb/>opinio est.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Fal&longs;um e&longs;t etiam quod dicunt, graue eo e&longs;&longs;e grauius, quo <lb/>magis à centro di&longs;tat: cum duobus tantum modis (quod &longs;æ­<lb/>penumero à nobis repetitum fuit) graue extra centrum e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>conting at: &longs;emel quia extra <expan abbr="centrũ">centrum</expan> violentia truditur, tunc <lb/>ab illa violentia præter naturam aliqua ex parte di&longs;ponitur: <lb/>quam naturæ contrariam di&longs;po&longs;itionem eò magis relinquit, <lb/>quò magis ad locum inferiorem tendit. </s> <s>Secundo graue extra <lb/>centrum exi&longs;tit, cum ex aliena leui natura in &longs;uperiore loco <lb/>gignitur: eamdem alienam natur am ex qua genitum e&longs;t ex­<lb/>cutit cum de&longs;cendit, & eò magis, quo ad&longs;uum naturalem lo <lb/>cum proprius accedit: non enim graue &longs;iue extra proprium <lb/>locum violentia tru&longs;um, &longs;iue in alieno loco ex leui natura ge­<lb/>nitum est graue dum de&longs;cendit, sed fit graue po&longs;tquam ad <lb/>proprium locum peruenerit, amplius graue non fit, sed fa­<lb/>ctum e&longs;t: ideo amplius non mouetur, sed natur a quie&longs;cit: ergo <lb/>fal&longs;um est, graue eo e&longs;&longs;e grauius, quo magis abe&longs;t à centro, & <lb/>eò minus, quo minus à centro distat: immo oppo&longs;itum &longs;emper <lb/>accidit: hæc Alexander contra Hypparcum & Leucippum.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Diuus lamblicus &longs;olius maioris aut minoris di&longs;tantiæ ratio <lb/>nem habendam cen&longs;uit: maius enim &longs;pacium &longs;eu medium ma <lb/>ius à graui de&longs;cendente difficilius &longs;cinditur, &longs;pacium minus <lb/>facilius di&longs;rumpitur: ex maiore ergo facilitate frangendi me <lb/>dium minus maior velocit as na&longs;citur, & ex maiore difficul-<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/262.jpg" pagenum="242"/><emph type="italics"/>tate di&longs;rumpendi &longs;pacium maius in principio motum tardio­<lb/>rem fieri decet, seu &longs;ur&longs;um à corpore leui, &longs;eu deor&longs;um à gra­<lb/>ui corpore fiat.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Fal&longs;a hæc Iamblici &longs;ententia ab Alexandro duobus argu <lb/>mentis exagitatur: primo &longs;iid quod Iamblicus in motu natu­<lb/>rali vti verum astruere conatus e&longs;t, verum omnino &longs;it, veri&longs;­<lb/>&longs;imum id etiam erit in motu violento: cum idem vtrobique &longs;it <lb/>medium, quod maius difficilius diuiditur, & minus facilius <lb/>&longs;cinditur. </s> <s>Si ergo ex maiore facilitate frangendi medium mi­<lb/>nus, & ex maiore difficultate di&longs;rumpendi &longs;pacium maius na <lb/>turalis motus, aut magis, aut minus celeris fit, & motus violen <lb/>tus ex ei&longs;dem cau&longs;is aut &longs;egnior, aut celerior fieri debet: ex <lb/>ei&longs;dem enim cau&longs;is iidem effectus &longs;emper <expan abbr="na&longs;çũiur">na&longs;çuniur</expan>: ergo quæ <lb/>aut &longs;ur&longs;um aut deor&longs;um violentia cientur, velocius quam in <lb/>principio in fine mouebuntur: cuius oppo&longs;itum numquam non <lb/>accidit: videmus enim in principio mouentis impetum à mo­<lb/>bili &longs;u&longs;ceptum motus velocitatem augere: quæ &longs;en&longs;im minui­<lb/>tur, donec omnino perdatur, & motus tardior &longs;en&longs;im factus <lb/>ce&longs;&longs;ante impetu tandem finiatur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>In Iamblicum ab Alexandro <expan abbr="&longs;ecũdum">&longs;ecundum</expan> hoc argumentum <lb/>astruitur. </s> <s>Idem corpus adnumerum prope terram ad lan­<lb/>cem libratum grauius e&longs;&longs;et &longs;e ip&longs;o, &longs;i in alta turri ad eandem <lb/>lancem libraretur, quia cum prope terram libratur, minus <lb/>&longs;cindendi aeris inter libratum corpus & terram intercipitur, <lb/>quam cum in alta turri, aliæ ergo & veriores excogitandæ <lb/>&longs;unt cau&longs;œ, quamobrem &longs;implicia elementa dum natura cien <lb/>tur, velocius in fine, quam in motus principio cieantur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><pb xlink:href="011/01/263.jpg" pagenum="243"/><p type="head"> <s>Quæ &longs;int veræ Peripateticorum cauæ, propter <lb/>quas ea, quæ natura mouentur, velocius <lb/>in fine, quam in principio mouean­<lb/>tur. </s> <s>Caput XVI.<!-- KEEP S--></s></p><p type="main"> <s>QVIA <emph type="italics"/>nec Plato quantumuis diuinus, nec Thales <lb/>& &longs;i magni nominis Philo&longs;ophus, veritatem a&longs;&longs;ecuti <lb/>fuerunt, ad Ari&longs;totelem naturalis Philo&longs;ophiæ paren <lb/>tem redimus, de cuius &longs;ententia animaduertendum est. </s> <s>Eam <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e naturam aeris, & aquæ in proprio loco, &longs;i à quopiam quo <lb/>quo ver&longs;us impellantur, vt &longs;uo nixu post impul&longs;um eum pri­<lb/>mum aliquo &longs;pacio ferantur, ac aliquantisper motum cita­<lb/>tiorem faciant: deinde &longs;en&longs;im motum &longs;istant, donec motus <lb/>planè quie&longs;cat, vt non rarò diximus.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Huic adde, quoniam à vacuo natura, abhorret idcirco <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <lb/>in medio aliquid mouetur, &longs;imul ad mobilis terga proximi me <lb/>dij partes concurrunt, vt &longs;pacium illud impleant, ne derelin­<lb/>quatur inane; hæ partes medii prius impul&longs;æ proprio deinde <lb/>nixu mobile pellunt, & illud vltra promouent, hæc quo plu­<lb/>res fuerint maiorique nixu pul&longs;æ, eo citius, & vehementius <lb/>concurrentis ad terga mobilis illius illud velocius impellunt, <lb/>ac <expan abbr="mouēt">mouent</expan>: quo fit vt motui naturali hic motus violentus, id e&longs;t <lb/>impul&longs;us addatur. </s> <s>Alobile deinde velocius motum anteceden <lb/>tem aerem maiori nixu pellit, à velocius pul&longs;o aere mobile ve­<lb/>locius fertur, & adillius terga plures partes aeris mobile con <lb/>&longs;equentis <expan abbr="cõcurrunt">concurrunt</expan>, ideo citius graue de&longs;cendit, & leue a&longs;cen­<lb/>dit, quou&longs;que ad <expan abbr="c&etilde;trum">centrum</expan> feratur, aut ad cælum &longs;ubuolet, vbi <lb/>vtrumque mobile seu graue, seu leue quie&longs;cet. </s> <s>I&longs;tius ergo mo­<lb/>tus velocior in fine citatio ex ociore impul&longs;u partium medij ad<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/264.jpg" pagenum="244"/><emph type="italics"/>terga mobilis <expan abbr="concurrentiũ">concurrentium</expan>, & ex maiore impul&longs;u anteceden­<lb/>tis aeris na&longs;citur, & <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ex &longs;ola præ&longs;entia motoris, & mobilis.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Sciendum &longs;ecundo ex doctrina Aristotelis libro quarto <lb/>Phy&longs;icorum particula &longs;eptuage&longs;imaprima. </s> <s>Aledium in di­<lb/>uer&longs;am partem motum maiore nixu ob&longs;i&longs;tere mobili, quam <lb/>id medium, quod quie&longs;cit; & quie&longs;cens maiore nixu eidem <lb/>mobilire&longs;i&longs;tere, quam in eamdem partem motum; in quam <lb/>mobile mouetur: & quanto celerius medium in eamdem par­<lb/>tem fertur, tanto minus re&longs;i&longs;tit. </s> <s>Cum ergo graue corpus ver­<lb/>&longs;us eamdem orbis partem agitur, ver&longs;us quam medium ae­<lb/>rem prius quie&longs;centem impulerat, minorem tunc <expan abbr="re&longs;i&longs;t&etilde;tiam">re&longs;i&longs;tentiam</expan> <lb/>inueniet, quam in motus totius principio cum aut aer medius <lb/>quie&longs;cebat, aut forta&longs;&longs;e contranitebatur, quamobrem mobile <lb/><expan abbr="proximã">proximam</expan> aeris partem antecedentem magis propellit: ad <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> <lb/>cum peruenerit minorem profectò re&longs;istentiam inueniet, idea <lb/>velocius eum impellet, & velocius mouebitur, & eò etiam ve­<lb/>locius, quo plures aeris medij partes ad mobilis terga con­<lb/>current.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>His adde perfectionem, quam <expan abbr="elem&etilde;ta">elementa</expan> nanci&longs;cuntur, dum <lb/>ad propria loca mouentur, à qua motus velocitas augetur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Ex maiore ergo partium ad mobilis terga concurrentium <lb/>numero, & ex minore re&longs;i&longs;tentia medii in fine, & ex maiore <lb/>impul&longs;u aeris con&longs;equentis, & ex perfectione, quam grauia, <lb/>& leuia eò maiorem con&longs;equuntur, quoad proprium natura­<lb/>lemque locum proprius accedunt, grauitas, & leuitas elemen­<lb/>torum augetur; hæc aucta in fine motum auget, eumdemque <lb/>citatiorem reddit, vt vi&longs;us e&longs;t dixi&longs;&longs;e Aristoteles primo cæ­<lb/>li particula octuage&longs;imanona: non autem id fit ex &longs;ola præ­<lb/>&longs;entia motoris ad medium, & admobile.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Est motusistæ ex naturali, & non naturali, seu violento<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/265.jpg" pagenum="245"/><emph type="italics"/>motu factus, nam impul&longs;us non e&longs;t naturalis, & vinaturali <lb/>motui adiuncta longè celerius mobile ferri nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t, & cum <lb/>lapidi &longs;ua &longs;ponte cadenti violentiam addimus, motus illius ve­<lb/>locitatem tanto magis augemus, quanto violentia extrin&longs;ecus <lb/>adueniens fuerit maior: violentia igitur naturæ addi, & ab <lb/>extrin&longs;eca vi motus naturalis augeri pote&longs;t, sed natura vio­<lb/>lentiæ <expan abbr="nũquã">nunquam</expan> <expan abbr="accõmodabitur">accommodabitur</expan>, vt lapis in &longs;ublime impul&longs;us nul <lb/>lo modo naturali, sed violento <expan abbr="tãtum">tantum</expan> motu mouebitur, & eius <lb/>motus à natura nulla ex parte, aut iuuari, aut augeri, aut <lb/>ocior fieri poterit: quo circa natura per &longs;e tantum, vis autem <lb/>& per &longs;e, & addita naturæ mouet: eam ob rem dixit Ari­<lb/>stoteles libro tertio cthicorum ad ea, quæ naturæ aduer&longs;an­<lb/>tur a&longs;&longs;uefieri nihil vmquam poterit, vt &longs;i quis lapidem, vel <lb/>etiam millies &longs;ur&longs;um iaciat, illum ad motum &longs;ur&longs;um <expan abbr="numquã">numquam</expan> <lb/>a&longs;&longs;uefaciet.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Inter ea, quæ violentia, voluntate, & natura <expan abbr="mou&etilde;tur">mouentur</expan>, hoc <lb/>interest: quæ natura cientur, velocius in fine mouentur, quæ <lb/>voluntate concitantur, vt animalia, velocius in medio, quam <lb/>in principio, aut in fine feruntur, quia &longs;uarum motionum ini­<lb/>tio, cum membra non dum &longs;unt ad motum præparata, &longs;olent <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e tardiora; sen&longs;im autem maiores vires ad motionem acci­<lb/>piunt, longo <expan abbr="tãdem">tandem</expan> labore faticata laxantur; & tum tardius <lb/>mouentur: quæ violentiam patiuntur, tardius in fine, & velo­<lb/>cius in principio aguntur, vt &longs;upra diximus.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head"> <s>Vtrum elementorum motus in momento fieri <lb/>po&longs;sit. </s> <s>Caput XVII.<!-- KEEP S--></s></p><p type="main"> <s>CONTRA <emph type="italics"/>elementorum motum in fine auctum pro­<lb/>bamus eumdem ad tantam <expan abbr="velocitat&etilde;">velocitatem</expan> peruenire po&longs;&longs;e,<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/266.jpg" pagenum="246"/><emph type="italics"/>vt in momento fiat; cuius oppo&longs;itum Aristoteles probat li­<lb/>bro &longs;exto Phy&longs;icorum particula quinquage&longs;ima.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Elementum e&longs;t corpus continuum, ergo per&longs;e in <expan abbr="infinitũ">infinitum</expan> <lb/>&longs;ecaripote&longs;t, & ad cuiuslibet continui diui&longs;ionem per &longs;e, illius <lb/>accidens non per se, sed per accidens diuidi po&longs;&longs;e docet Ari­<lb/>&longs;toteles libro de &longs;en&longs;u, & &longs;en&longs;ili: vt &longs;ecto corpore albo per &longs;e, & <lb/>illius albedo per accidens &longs;ecatur: ergo corpore graui per &longs;e <lb/>infinitè diui&longs;o, vt infinitè diuidi pote&longs;t, & illius grauitas per <lb/>accidens infinitè diuidetur; id fieri aliquando constat, quia <lb/>quælibet naturalis facultas aliquando ad actum erumpet. <lb/></s> <s>Ergo cum ad actum hæc diui&longs;io in partes infinitas redigetur, <lb/>infinita grauitas in actu inuenietur: ergo infinitè mouebit: er­<lb/>go in momento, in quo non fit motus: quod de infinita graui­<lb/>tate diximus, atque dicemus, de leuit ate e&longs;t etiam omnino in­<lb/>telligendum, quoniam contrariorum contrariæ &longs;unt, quæ con­<lb/>&longs;equuntur proprietates. </s> <s>Hic tria faciemus: primo nonnulla <lb/>adnotabimus: &longs;ecundo ad materiam, tertio verò ad formam <lb/>argumenti re&longs;pondebimus.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Sciendum de mente Ari&longs;totelis libro primo de generatio­<lb/>ne hanc orationem Continuum infinitè &longs;ecari pote&longs;t, duas ha­<lb/>bere &longs;ignificationes, altera est. </s> <s>Continuum, quod e&longs;t diuiden­<lb/>dum in hanc, vel illam partem &longs;ine vllo di&longs;crimine infinitè po<lb/>te&longs;t diuidi, non vt in omnes partes &longs;imul infinitè diuidatur, sed <lb/>vt ex omnibus diui&longs;ionibus in quaslibet partes quantumuis in­<lb/>finitas quamlibet admittere possit; neque vnam magis, quam <lb/>aliam sed &longs;igillatim omnes, vt &longs;i diceremus: hominem <expan abbr="omniũ">omnium</expan> <lb/>di&longs;ciplinarum e&longs;&longs;e capacem, non quia aliquis omnes &longs;imul di­<lb/>dicerit; sed quoniam ex &longs;ingulis di&longs;ciplinis nulla e&longs;t, quam ho­<lb/>mo di&longs;cere nequeat; non autem hanc, vel illam tantum de­<lb/>finitè: ita continuum corpus omni ex parte diuiduum e&longs;&longs;e vo-<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/267.jpg" pagenum="247"/><emph type="italics"/>lumus; non quia &longs;imul vmquam actu omni ex parte &longs;imul di <lb/>uidatur, sed quia nulla diui&longs;io est in continuo, quam conti­<lb/>nuum re&longs;puat. </s> <s>Secundo modo intelligitur, vt continuum quod <lb/>in partes omnes ea&longs;dem que infinitas diuidi potest, in ea&longs;dem <lb/>actu diuidatur: hæc posterior &longs;ignificatio fal&longs;a est, prior au­<lb/>tem vera.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Secundo &longs;ciendum: <expan abbr="facultat&etilde;">facultatem</expan> e&longs;&longs;e duorum generum: quæ <lb/>dam &longs;olam non repugnantiam &longs;ine naturali inclinatione &longs;i­<lb/>gnificat; vt cum omne corpus continuum infinitè diuidi po&longs;&longs;e <lb/>dicimus; quædam naturalem inclinationem ad actum dicitur <lb/>prior non e&longs;t frustra, &longs;i ad actum non redigitur: po&longs;terior ad <lb/>actum non redacta est frustra.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Re&longs;pondeo nunc ad materiam. </s> <s>Continuum ex infinit is &longs;e­<lb/>ctionibus non omnes infinitas, sed &longs;igillatim vnamquamque <lb/>admictere pote&longs;t; omnes &longs;imul numquam admictet, ideo in in­<lb/>finitas partes numquam &longs;ecabitur; & motus in momento non <lb/>fiet. </s> <s>Ahæc continuum, qua continuum, & non qua cor­<lb/>pus, infinitè &longs;ecari potest; sectionem tamen hanc actu non ad­<lb/>mictit, nec (vt opinor) admictet: &longs;icut continuum actu per­<lb/>&longs;e non diuiditur, ita nec illius accidens actu diuidetur per ac­<lb/>cidens, sed facultate tantum; quæ facultas propterea fru&longs;tra <lb/>non erit, quia hæc facultas inclinationem natur alem non &longs;i­<lb/>gnificat, sed &longs;olam non repugnantiam, id e&longs;t continuum in in­<lb/>finitas partes infinitè diuidi non repugnat: licet in partes in <lb/>finitas numquam diuidatur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Nunc ad formam, primo cum dicitur. </s> <s>Continuum infinitè <lb/>&longs;ecari pote&longs;t; &longs;i id ita intelligatur, vt continuum in infinitum <lb/>actu aliquando ita &longs;ecetur, vt quaslibet, & omnes &longs;ectiones ad <lb/>mictat: id negamus: &longs;i verò vnam aut plures tantum, & non <lb/>omnes continuum &longs;ectiones admictere velimus; hoc totum da-<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/268.jpg" pagenum="248"/><emph type="italics"/>mus: ergo infinitè grauitas dabitur, per inficiationem re&longs;pon­<lb/>demus: cum adhuc infertur: ergo in continuo frustra e&longs;t &longs;e­<lb/>candi infinita facultas ad actum non redacta, & hoc inficia­<lb/>tione diluimus, quia non e&longs;t Aristotelis germana &longs;ententia, <lb/>vt omnes &longs;ectiones infinitas continuum admictat, sed vt ex <lb/>infinitis aliquas. </s> <s>Dici etiam certè poterit infinitum actu non <lb/>dari, sed facultate tantum, ex quo motum in momento <expan abbr="factũ">factum</expan> <lb/>non infertur: hinc an&longs;am nanci&longs;ci liceret vrgendi Zenonem, <lb/>vt eumdem Ari&longs;toteles acerrimè vrget libro &longs;exto, & libro <lb/>octauo Phy&longs;icorum: at non e&longs;t i&longs;tæ locus, ideo Zenonem pru­<lb/>dentes præterimus, & ad <expan abbr="cõtinuum">continuum</expan> corpus reuertimur, quod <lb/>quamquam in partes infinitas &longs;ecaripotest, re ip&longs;a tamen, & <lb/>actu non &longs;ecatur, itaque cum dicitur, elementum est corpus <lb/>continuum, ergo per &longs;e infinitè &longs;ecari pote&longs;t; dandum e&longs;t hoc: <lb/>cum adiungitur ergo illius accidens vt est grauitas, & leuitas <lb/>non per &longs;e, sed per accidens ad continui &longs;ectione &longs;ecari valet, <lb/>& i&longs;tud damus, cum additur: ergo corpore graui per &longs;e. </s> <s>infi­<lb/>nitè diui&longs;o illius grauitas per accidens infinitè diuidetur: hanc <lb/>diui&longs;ionis facultatem continui per &longs;e, & illius accidentis per <lb/>accidens ad actum per &longs;e redigi po&longs;&longs;e negamus: cum infertur <lb/>ergo e&longs;t fru&longs;tra: negamus, quia hæc facultas naturalem incli <lb/>nationem minimè &longs;ignificat, sed &longs;olam non repugnantiam, po <lb/>&longs;terior non e&longs;t fru&longs;tra, cum ad actum <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> redigitur, sed prior, <lb/>& tunc non &longs;equitur, motum in momento fieri.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head"> <s>Vtrum grauitas, & leuitas infinita detur. <lb/></s> <s>Caput XVIII.<!-- KEEP S--></s></p><p type="main"> <s>VERVM <emph type="italics"/>quoniam de infinita grauitate egimus: quid <lb/>prohibet, quo minus eamdem non dari probemus?<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/269.jpg" pagenum="249"/><emph type="italics"/>propterea quòd &longs;i detur, motus in momento fieri nece&longs;&longs;e <lb/>est, & Ari&longs;toteles hanc tractationem v&longs;que difficilem fuiu­<lb/>ram dicit libro primo de cælo, vt in ea parte, &longs;i v&longs;quam alibi <lb/>intento e&longs;&longs;e animo lectorem velit, ne &longs;i vnum aliquod, vel <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb/>minimum tractationis punctum præterlabatur, omnia ca­<lb/>dant, effugiant, corruant, & effluant.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Argumentor igitur: &longs;i infinita grauit as datur, aut ea e&longs;t <lb/>corporis infiniti, aut corporis finiti: non infiniti, nam infini­<lb/>tum non dari demon&longs;tratum e&longs;t ab Aristotele libro tertio de <lb/>Phy&longs;ico auditu, & libro primo de cælo: & &longs;i infinitum aliquod <lb/>corpus daretur, cuius grauitas e&longs;&longs;et infinita, nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;&longs;er <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> <lb/>dari infinitum, quod totum àtoto corpore infinito impleretur: <lb/>e&longs;t enim corpus, quod omni ex parte diuidi potest, vt dixit <lb/>Ari&longs;toteles in principio libri primi de cælo, id est ex parte <lb/>longitudinis, latitudinis, & profunditatis: corpus ergo infini­<lb/>tum nece&longs;&longs;ariò e&longs;t infinitè longum, infinitè latum, & infinitè <lb/>profundum: ergo æqualis magnitudinis locum exigit infini­<lb/>tum, quod totum à toto corpore infinito occupabitur: corpus <lb/>enim infinitum omnia implet: ergo &longs;pacium nullum erit &longs;u­<lb/>per&longs;tes, ad quod corpus infinitum recto motu cieri possit: ergo <lb/>in quolibet loco &longs;tabit immotum: ergo grauitas infinita cuius <lb/>nullus erit v&longs;us dabitur: non enim corpus illud mouebitur, cu­<lb/>ius grauitas erit infinita: ergo nec corpus leue inuenietur, <lb/>quod inueniri nece&longs;&longs;ario debet: quia &longs;i e&longs;t vnum in natura <expan abbr="cõ-trarium">con­<lb/>trarium</expan>, & <expan abbr="reliquũ">reliquum</expan> erit, & &longs;i leue corpus in natura fuerit, il­<lb/>lud nullibi erit, nullibi quie&longs;cet, & ad nullum locum feretur: <lb/>corpus enim graue infinitum, quod po&longs;itum fuerat, omnia im <lb/>plet, quæ fieri nulla ratione po&longs;&longs;e nemo <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> videt: ergo hæc gra­<lb/>uit as infinita infiniti corporis e&longs;&longs;e non poterit.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Nunc probandum e&longs;t, fieri nulla ratione po&longs;&longs;e, vt grauit as<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/270.jpg" pagenum="250"/><emph type="italics"/>infinita corporis finiti: nam hæc infinita grauitas &longs;i corporis <lb/>e&longs;&longs;et finiti, vel eadem in non tempore moueret; aut æquali tem <lb/>pore, cum ea quæ finita est: primam con&longs;equentiam proba­<lb/>mus: augendo facultatem mouentem, eo modo, quo eamdem <lb/>auget Aristoteles in &longs;eptimo libro de Phy&longs;ico auditu. </s> <s>Si de­<lb/>terminata mouendi facultas aliquod <expan abbr="&longs;tatutũ">&longs;tatutum</expan> mobile moueat <lb/>per aliquod definitum &longs;pacium in tempore determinato, &longs;i ea­<lb/>dem facultas mouens in duplo augeatur, tempus in duplo mi­<lb/>nuetur; &longs;i in triplo creuerit, & tempus in triplo decre&longs;cet, vt &longs;i <lb/>tempus duarum horarum fuerit, & vis mouendi duplo maior <lb/>erit: tempus erit vnius horæ: at que ita deinceps.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Vis hæc ad tantam magnitudinem peruenire poterit, vt<lb/>fiat infinita, &longs;i aucta vi mouente tempus minuitur, nece&longs;&longs;ariò <lb/>&longs;equitur, vt facta vi mouente infinita tempus infinitè decre­<lb/>&longs;cat, & fiat non tempus, in quo infinita vis mouens mouebit: <lb/>ex Aristotele libro Phy&longs;icorum &longs;eptimo, & libro primo de <lb/>cælo: nunc ad grauitatem reuertimur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Si grauitas infinita corporis finiti datur: nece&longs;&longs;e est, vt in <lb/>non tempore moueant; patet con&longs;equentia augendo vim mo­<lb/>uentem, vt de Ari&longs;totelis &longs;ententia, nunc eamdem auximus, <lb/>mouebit etiam in non tempore, quia &longs;uccessio in motu ex re&longs;i­<lb/>&longs;tentia na&longs;citur, libro quarto Phy&longs;icorum: at grauitati infi­<lb/>nitæ corpus finitum non re&longs;istit, nec re&longs;istere pote&longs;t; ergo mo­<lb/>uet in in&longs;tanti, in quo motum non fieri Aristoteles demon­<lb/>strauit libro &longs;exto Phy&longs;icorum particula quinquage&longs;ima.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>His, ni fallor, probata e&longs;t prima pars &longs;upradictæ con&longs;e­<lb/>quentiæ: nunc ad &longs;ecundam probandum de&longs;cendimus. </s> <s>Si gra­<lb/>uit as infinita corpus finitum in tempore moueat quantumuis <lb/>paruo, in æquali altera grauitas finita mouere poterit: patet <lb/>con&longs;equentia, augendo, & minuendo vim mouendi, & tempus<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/271.jpg" pagenum="251"/><emph type="italics"/>eo modo, quo ab Aristotele libro &longs;eptimo Phy&longs;icorum augen­<lb/>tur, & minuuntur, & quomodo à nobis &longs;upra aucta, & minu <lb/>ta fuerunt, quæ omnia &longs;unt tam fal&longs;a, quam fal&longs;issima: er­<lb/>go grauitas infinita non datur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Hinc nece&longs;&longs;ariò &longs;equitur, vt &longs;i neque grauitas, neque leui­<lb/>tas &longs;it infinita, nullum omnino corpus &longs;iue graue, &longs;iue leue e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>infinitum: finita &longs;int igitur oportet omnia grauia, & leuia <lb/>corpora, & finitum nece&longs;&longs;e est vt &longs;it illud &longs;pacium, quod inter <lb/>lunam, & mundi centrum intercipitur, vt à finitis corporibus <lb/>finitæ magnitudinis finito tempore peregrinetur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head"> <s>Auenpacis argumentum adæquam lancem expen <lb/>ditur, quod quarto Phy&longs;icorum ab Auen­<lb/>pace texitur. </s> <s>Caput XIX.<!-- KEEP S--></s></p><p type="main"> <s>CONTRA <emph type="italics"/>eam Ari&longs;totelis demonstrationem, quam <lb/>&longs;ecunda parte adduximus, & qua medy necessitatem <lb/>Aristoteles probare nititur; grauiter, & acutè agit <lb/>Auenpaces: o&longs;tendit que eamdem e&longs;&longs;e &longs;ophi&longs;ticam, atque fal <lb/>lacem, vt refert Auerroes libro quarto Phy&longs;icorum commen <lb/>tatione &longs;eptuage&longs;ima. </s> <s>Sicut in motoribus (ait) globorum cæ <lb/>lestium, vbi nullum e&longs;t medium re&longs;istens, nihilque, quod <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> <lb/>motum impediat, velocitas motus motoris excellentiam in&longs;e­<lb/>quitur, ita <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> in elementis de&longs;cen&longs;us velox grauitatis excel­<lb/>lentiam con&longs;equetur, & velox a&longs;cen&longs;us leuitatis vim comita­<lb/>bitur: igitur per &longs;e grauius eò velocius mouebitur, quod est <lb/>minus graue æque graue, æque velociter citabitur: per acci­<lb/>dens autem contingit corporum &longs;ublunarium &longs;implicium mo­<lb/>tum impediri à medio, quod œgrè diuiditur, propterea re&longs;i&longs;tit, <lb/>& motus velocitatem impedit, ideo non &longs;equitur: rarefacto<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/272.jpg" pagenum="252"/><emph type="italics"/>medio, quod prius den&longs;um fuerat, motus velocitatem per &longs;e <lb/>cre&longs;cere in ea proportione, in qua medium fuerit factum ra­<lb/>rius, sed tantum &longs;equitur in ea proportione decre&longs;cere tardi­<lb/>tatem, quæ per accidens addita fuerat ex medij den&longs;itate. <lb/></s> <s>Inefficax ergo e&longs;t Ari&longs;totelis ratio, fallax, at que &longs;ophi&longs;tica.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Auerroes eorum omnium, qui post Ari&longs;totelem &longs;crip&longs;e­<lb/>re, quos quidem ego legerim, meo iudicio facilè princeps, re­<lb/>&longs;pondet in commentatione &longs;eptuage&longs;imaprima eiu&longs;dem libri <lb/>quarti Phy&longs;icorum, de cuius &longs;ententia &longs;ciendum. </s> <s>Ex motus de <lb/>finitione omnem motum e&longs;&longs;e continuum facilè colligi: e&longs;t enim <lb/>motus actus illius, quod moueri potest, quatenus eam vim ha <lb/>bet, vt moueri possit, tertio <expan abbr="Phy&longs;icorū">Phy&longs;icorum</expan> particula &longs;exta, nona, <lb/>decima, decima&longs;exta, & vige&longs;imatertia; id quod <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> &longs;upra di <lb/>ximus: ergo mobile per motum ad alium <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> antecedentem <lb/>vim habet, ad quam etiam mobile tendit: continuus ergo est <lb/>omnis motus: non pote&longs;t autem continuatio hæc motus na&longs;ci ex <lb/>&longs;ola vi agentis &longs;ine re&longs;istentia, quam mouens &longs;ua mouendi fa <lb/>cultate &longs;uperet. </s> <s>Itaque &longs;ecundum proportionem quam mouen <lb/>tis vis re&longs;istentiam &longs;uperat, motus quoque e&longs;t velox; atque in <lb/>his motibus, in quibus proportio e&longs;t maior, e&longs;t etiam maior ce­<lb/>leritas; vbi minor proportio, ibi celeritas minor, vbi autem vis <lb/>mouentis re&longs;i&longs;tentiam non &longs;uperat, aut non &longs;ecundum &longs;tatu­<lb/>tum à natura exce&longs;&longs;um nullus tunc efficitur motus, vt docti&longs;­<lb/>&longs;imè docuit Aristoteles libro &longs;eptimo Phy&longs;icorum particula <lb/>trige&longs;ima&longs;exta.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Quod Auempaces de globorum cæle&longs;tium motoribus dixit <lb/>&longs;ine re&longs;istentia mouentibus, fal&longs;um e&longs;&longs;e ex his omnes intelli­<lb/>gunt, quæ Ari&longs;toteles &longs;cripta reliquit libro &longs;ecundo de cælo <lb/>particula &longs;eptuage&longs;imaprima. </s> <s>Si vna (ait) tantum quan­<lb/>tumuis parua &longs;tella & non plures cuipiam cælesti globo adde<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/273.jpg" pagenum="253"/><emph type="italics"/>rentur globus ille cæle&longs;tis à &longs;uo motore non moueretur, aut <lb/>tardius ageretur, quam nunc agatur, namex proportione &longs;tel <lb/>læ nuper additæ <expan abbr="nō">non</expan> amplius motor eo exce&longs;&longs;u mobile &longs;uperat, <lb/>quo illud &longs;uperabat prius, sed minori: ideo motus aut futurus <lb/>erit &longs;egnior, aut nullus: ergo e&longs;t in cæte&longs;tibus globis proportio <lb/>quædam mouentis, & moti, quæ re&longs;i&longs;tentiæ locumgerit, &longs;ine <lb/>qua proportione à natura instnura globi cæle&longs;tes, aut immoti <lb/>manerent, aut tardius, aut cælerius mouerentur: ex quibus <lb/>&longs;equitur: propo&longs;itionem ab Auempace &longs;umptam, non e&longs;&longs;e ve­<lb/>ram; velocitatem &longs;cilicet motus &longs;equi <expan abbr="tantũ">tantum</expan> vim mouentis per <lb/>&longs;e; nulla habita ratione per &longs;e re&longs;istentiæ, sed tantum per ac­<lb/>cidens. </s> <s>Negatur ergo propo&longs;itio ab Auempace ab&longs;olutè in­<lb/>tellecta, & efficax e&longs;t Ari&longs;totelis argumentum.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Ne quis ex hac motorum cælestium re&longs;istentia eo&longs;dem <lb/>cum labore mouere, laxari, & tandem à motu quie&longs;cere col­<lb/>ligat, hic &longs;ciat oportet: non quamlibet re&longs;i&longs;tentiam e&longs;&longs;e cau­<lb/>&longs;am laboris, sed eam tantum, quæ ad oppo&longs;itum inclinat, vt <lb/>quod graue &longs;ur&longs;um trahit, cum labore trahit quia graue, ad <lb/>motum deor&longs;um motui &longs;ur&longs;um contrario inclinat: at cælestes <lb/>globi eorumdem motoribus, dum re&longs;istunt, qualibet ad oppo­<lb/>&longs;itum inclinatione vocant: quo fit, vt motores cæle&longs;tes cum <lb/>re&longs;i&longs;tentia mouentes, &longs;ine labore moueant, ita vt nec laxen­<lb/>tur, nec à motu quie&longs;cant: carent etiam magnitudine, quæ e&longs;t <lb/>cau&longs;a laboris, &longs;ecundo libro de cælo commentatione trige&longs;i­<lb/>ma&longs;exta.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Nec Aristoteles modo, sed etiam Plato hanc re&longs;isten­<lb/>tiam agnouit, dum in Timæo dixit. </s> <s>Igne rur&longs;us hinc exciden <lb/>te, vt qui in vacuum non exeat, tru&longs;us propinquus aer, hu­<lb/>midam, quæ e&longs;t ad <expan abbr="hũc">hunc</expan> motum facilis, magnitudinem in ignis <lb/>&longs;edem contrudens, ip&longs;am &longs;ibi ip&longs;i commi&longs;cet: trudi autem pro<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/274.jpg" pagenum="254"/><emph type="italics"/>pinquus aer &longs;ine re&longs;istentia non pote&longs;t: vrgo Platonem hanc <lb/>re&longs;i&longs;tentiæ necessitatem agnoui&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t omnino credendum.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head"> <s>Vtrum totum elementum ab eiu&longs;dem forma, &longs;eu <lb/>materia moueatur, quod ad quintam &longs;ecun­<lb/>dæ partis impo&longs;itionem pertinet. <lb/></s> <s>Caput XX.<!-- KEEP S--></s></p><p type="main"> <s>OSTENDO <emph type="italics"/>totum elementum non mouere totum <lb/>elementum, nec moueri per materiam motam, quia <lb/>materia nec mouet, nec mouetur: octauo Phy&longs;icorum <lb/>particula quarta: immo, vt ait Auerroes, quod maximam <lb/>empha&longs;im habet cum eo, qui dixit, formam mouere, & ma­<lb/>teriam moueri, naturalis philo&longs;ophi di&longs;&longs;erère non interest li­<lb/>bro quinto Phy&longs;icorum <expan abbr="comm&etilde;tatione">commentatione</expan> quinta: ergo hoc quin­<lb/>tum dictum e&longs;t omnino fal&longs;um.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Re&longs;pondeo. <!-- KEEP S--></s> <s>Forma duobus modis con&longs;ideraripotest: &longs;emel <lb/>vt forma, qua ratione nec mouet, nec mouetur: &longs;ecundo, vt in <lb/>materia, quod adbuc duobus modis contingit: primo modo, vt <lb/>forma, tunc mouet; <expan abbr="secũdo">secundo</expan> modo vt in materia, tunc mouetur. <lb/></s> <s>Materia etiam duobus modis con&longs;ideratur: primo, vt ma­<lb/>teria; secundo vt alterapars totius: primo modo non mouet, <lb/>nec mouetur, secundo modo mouetur tantum, & non mouet.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Secundo re&longs;pondeo ex Auerroe in eo loco. </s> <s>Forma tam &longs;ub <lb/>&longs;tantiæ, quam accidentium duobus modis con&longs;ideratur, &longs;emel <lb/>vt mutationem finit, &longs;ic nec mouet, nec mouetur: &longs;ecundo <expan abbr="cō-&longs;iderari">con­<lb/>&longs;iderari</expan> potest, antequam mutationem finiat, &longs;ic mouet, & <lb/>mouetur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Tertio re&longs;pondeo. </s> <s>Modus &longs;ecernendi formam à materia <lb/>e&longs;t duplex: alter metaphy&longs;icus, alter naturalis: primo modo<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/275.jpg" pagenum="255"/><emph type="italics"/>forma, tum à matenia, tum à conditionibus materia, qua <lb/>&longs;unt hic & nunc, omnino &longs;ecernitur: &longs;ecundo modo formam <lb/>à materia non &longs;eparamus, sed tantum à conditionibus mate­<lb/>riæ: in primo &longs;eparandi modo forma nec mouet, nec mouetur; <lb/>quia à materia, qui formam &longs;eparat, & à conditionibus ma­<lb/>teriæ, eamdem à natura, quæ est principium motus, omnino <lb/>&longs;eiungit: ideo forma tunc nec mouet, nec mouetur: in &longs;ecundo <lb/>modo &longs;ecernendi forma mouet, & mouetur; quia à motus prin <lb/>cipio, quod e&longs;t natura, non &longs;eparatur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head"> <s>Vtrum forma &longs;implex &longs;implicis elementi à &longs;e per <lb/>&longs;e propriè moueatur, quod ad &longs;extam &longs;ecun­<lb/>dæ partis propo&longs;itionem &longs;pectat. <lb/></s> <s>Cap. XXI.<!-- KEEP S--></s> </p><p type="main"> <s>OSTENDO <emph type="italics"/>elementum &longs;implex, vel quod longè ma­<lb/>ius e&longs;t, elementi formam &longs;implicem moueri à &longs;e per &longs;e <lb/>propriè, & non tantum per accidens, & antequam ar <lb/>gumentum in formam redigatur, duo ponuntur: <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> est.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Color (verbigratia) &longs;iper &longs;e, & primo mouet &longs;en&longs;um vi­<lb/>dendi, ilico &longs;equitur hunc colorem indiuiduum per &longs;e, licet <expan abbr="nō">non</expan> <lb/>primo, <expan abbr="eūdem">eundem</expan> videndi &longs;en&longs;um mouere, idque cum reciproca­<lb/>tione, ita vt &longs;en&longs;us videndi per &longs;e, & primo à colore; hic autem <lb/>&longs;en&longs;us videndiper &longs;e &longs;altem, & &longs;i non primo à colore mouea­<lb/>tur, quæ omnia vera &longs;unt ex primo libro Po&longs;teriorum capite <lb/>quarto, cui titulus est, de his quæ per &longs;e, & primo dicuntur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Alterum quod ponitur e&longs;t ex crebro &longs;ilicis, & ferri attri­<lb/>tu eliciatur, elidaturque ignis: hæc forma ignis ex &longs;ilice nu­<lb/>per eli&longs;i prius natura &longs;altem, & &longs;i non tempore pote&longs;t fieri le­<lb/>uius, quia &longs;ub&longs;tantia e&longs;t quolibet accidente prior, &longs;eptimo Di-<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/276.jpg" pagenum="256"/><emph type="italics"/>uinorum in principio: hæc tandem fiet leuis: hic prior ignis <lb/>posteriores generat: hæc forma ignis prioris leuitatem ef­<lb/>ficere potest, & leuitatem aliquanda faciet: farma enim <lb/>ignis, quæ e&longs;t &longs;ub&longs;tantias est prior leuitate, quæ e&longs;t accidens: <lb/>ergo forma ignis prius quam fiat leuis, potest fieri leuis, <lb/>& fiet. </s> <s>Hæc eadem forma ignis alterum ignem generans, <lb/>leuitatem facere potest, & tum in &longs;uo igni, tum in alte­<lb/>ro igni generando leuitatem faciet in &longs;e quidem, quia acci­<lb/>dentia propria ex propriis &longs;pecierum principiis manant, vt <lb/>ad ri&longs;um propen&longs;io ex participatione rationis, quæ e&longs;t huma­<lb/>næ &longs;peciei principium primam &longs;ui ortus originem repetit; ho­<lb/>mo enim e&longs;t adri&longs;um propen&longs;us, quia est rationis particeps: <lb/>natura &longs;altem, & &longs;i non tempore prius, in altero autem, quia <lb/>agens dans formam, dat con&longs;equentiæ formam octauo Phy&longs;t­<lb/>corum commentatione trige&longs;ima&longs;ecunda.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Ex his argumentor. </s> <s>Mouens, vt mouens per &longs;e, & primo <lb/>mouet mobile: per &longs;e &longs;altem & &longs;i non primo mouet hoc mobi­<lb/>le: hæc propo&longs;itio e&longs;t ex prima hypote&longs;i vera; cui hanc addo. <lb/></s> <s>Forma prioris ignis e&longs;t mouens, vt patet ex &longs;ecunda hypothe&longs;i, <lb/>ergo forma prioris ignis, vt mouens per &longs;e & primo mouet pri <lb/>mo mobili: per &longs;e &longs;altem & &longs;i non primo hoc mobile mouet: <lb/>argumentum est intertio primæ: cui addo.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Sed eadem forma est mota, vt ex <expan abbr="&longs;ecūda">&longs;ecunda</expan> hypothe&longs;ipatet, <lb/>mouetur enim dum fit leuis, & mouet, dum leuitatem facit: <lb/>ergo eadem forma, vt mouens, &longs;emetip&longs;am mouet, vt mota e&longs;t <lb/>per &longs;e &longs;altem, & &longs;inon primo: ergo elementum non mouetur <lb/>à &longs;e per accidens, sed per &longs;e; immo eadem forma eiu&longs;dem &longs;im­<lb/>plicis elementi à se per &longs;e mouebitur, quod e&longs;t ab&longs;urdum.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Ne quis dicat, id verum e&longs;&longs;e in generatione vniuoca, & <expan abbr="nō">non</expan> <lb/>in generatione æquiuoca, aut id in æquiuoca generatione ve-<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/277.jpg" pagenum="257"/><emph type="italics"/>rum, non autem in gener atione vniuoca in con&longs;tituenda hypo­<lb/>the&longs;i, vtriu&longs;que generationis exemplum attulimus: etenim ex <lb/>crebro &longs;ilicis, & ferri attritu ignis æquiuocè gignitur, hic ve­<lb/>rò ignis, æquiuocè genitus, alterum ignem vniuocè gignit, nune <lb/>re&longs;pondeo.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Forma ignis prius geniti non est mouens, & mota re&longs;pe­<lb/>ctu eiu&longs;dem, sed re&longs;pectu diuer&longs;orum: ad probationem re&longs;pon<lb/>deo: forma prior nouumignem generare potest, & <expan abbr="leuitat&etilde;">leuitatem</expan> <lb/>efficere valet in &longs;ubiecto <expan abbr="tam&etilde;">tamen</expan>, in quo nouus ignis gignitur non <lb/>in &longs;uo proprio &longs;ubiecto: leuitas enim prioris ignis ab eiu&longs;dem <lb/>ignis forma non gignitur sed à generante: generans enim <lb/>ignem, ignis formam generat: leuitatem, motum, & catera, <lb/>quæ formam nece&longs;&longs;ario con&longs;equuntur, ignis, à gener ante pri­<lb/>mo loco genitus nouum ignem gignit: cuidat formam, leuita­<lb/>tem, & motum. </s> <s>Non est ergo eadem forma mouens, & mo­<lb/>tare&longs;pectu &longs;ui ip&longs;ius; sed mota ratione generantis, & mouens <lb/>ratione ignis &longs;ecundo loco geniti. </s> <s>Fal&longs;a e&longs;t ergo minor &longs;ecundi <lb/>syllogismi &longs;i re&longs;pectu eiu&longs;dem intelligatur, & vera re&longs;pectu di <lb/>uer&longs;orum: tunc non &longs;equitur: eamdem numero formam e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>mouentem, & motam ratione vnius, sed tantum ratione duo <lb/>rum, & argumentum e&longs;t ex quatuor terminis ideo <expan abbr="con&longs;equ&etilde;-tia">con&longs;equen­<lb/>tia</expan> est omnino neganda.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Hoc argumentum e&longs;t efficacissimum, vt videtis, & expli­<lb/>catio exitus illius e&longs;t inuoluta; ideo abre forta&longs;&longs;e non erit, &longs;i <lb/>illud in nouam formam redigatur: quo quantum illiroboric <lb/>in&longs;it facilius intelligatur, sed arrigite aures viri doctissimi.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Forma vt forma mouet; forma, vt in materia mouetur: <lb/>ergo eadem forma numero e&longs;t mouens, & mota: ergo eadem <lb/>forma numero mouet &longs;e per &longs;e: hæc postrema <expan abbr="con&longs;equ&etilde;tia">con&longs;equentia</expan> pro <lb/>batur. </s> <s>Alouens vt mouens per &longs;e & primo mouet mobile vt<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/278.jpg" pagenum="258"/><emph type="italics"/>mobile, & mouet hoc mobile per &longs;e, & &longs;i non primo. </s> <s>Mobile <lb/>vt mobile per &longs;e & primo à mouente mouetur; ab hoc mouen­<lb/>te per &longs;e &longs;altem, & &longs;i non primo: sed eadem forma numero <lb/>e&longs;t mouens & mota: Ergo eadem forma numero, vt mouens <lb/>per &longs;e saltem, & &longs;i non primo, &longs;emetip&longs;am mouet vt mota e&longs;t.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Confirmatur: quiquid per &longs;e & primo ine&longs;t &longs;uperiori, per <lb/>se &longs;altem, & &longs;i non primo cuilibet inferiori inerit; vt partici­<lb/>patio rationis, & ad ri&longs;um propen&longs;io per &longs;e & primo in&longs;unt <lb/>homini, per &longs;e &longs;altem, & &longs;i non primo cuilibet particulari ho <lb/>mini inerunt, sed mouere per &longs;e, & primo ine&longs;t mouenti per <lb/>&longs;e, & primo: &: moueri per &longs;e, & primo inest mobili per &longs;e, <lb/>& primo: Ergo mouere inerit huic mouenli, & moueri huic <lb/>mobili per &longs;e &longs;altem, & &longs;inon primo. </s> <s>Cæterum &longs;implex for­<lb/>ma elementi eadem numero e&longs;t mouens re&longs;pectu &longs;ui, & est <lb/>mota re&longs;pectu &longs;ui; quia forma, vt forma totum mobile mouet, <lb/>& &longs;e ad motum totius, ad motum medij, ad motum materiæ <lb/>motæ, &c. </s> <s>Ergo à &longs;e &longs;altem per &longs;e & &longs;i non primo eadem for­<lb/>ma numero mouetur, quod e&longs;t fal&longs;um & ab&longs;urdum.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Re&longs;pondeo idem &longs;emetip&longs;um per &longs;e, & &longs;i non primo ciere <lb/>pote&longs;t, & ideo rem fal&longs;am, & ab&longs;urdam argumentum non <lb/>concludit.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Si quis <expan abbr="tam&etilde;">tamen</expan> vrgeat, & o&longs;tendere conetur, fieri non po&longs;&longs;e, <lb/>vt eadem forma &longs;implexnumero &longs;e ip&longs;am moueat, ne &longs;it actu, <lb/>& facultate &longs;imul propter principium ab omnibus datum; <lb/>vt meminit Auerroes libro destructionum contra Algaze­<lb/>lem di&longs;putatione prima &longs;olutione primi dubij, & di&longs;putatio­<lb/>ne &longs;exta &longs;olutione &longs;exti dubij, propter bunc re&longs;pondendum <lb/>alio modo est.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Mouens per &longs;e primo mouet per &longs;e primo, mobile per &longs;e <lb/>primo (arrigite aures acutissimi viri, nam id materia, qua<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/279.jpg" pagenum="259"/><emph type="italics"/>de nunc agimus, po&longs;tulat) & mouens per &longs;eprimo, hoc mobile <lb/>per &longs;e mouet per &longs;e & &longs;i non primo: at <expan abbr="mou&etilde;s">mouens</expan> per &longs;e & primo, <lb/>isec per &longs;e, & primo, nec per &longs;e <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> primo mouet mobile per acci <lb/>dens, sed mouens per &longs;e, & primo per accidens <expan abbr="tantũ">tantum</expan> mouet <lb/>mobile per accidens; et mobile per accidens <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> mouetur per &longs;e <lb/>& primo àmouente per &longs;e & primo, sed per accidens: & mo­<lb/>bile per accidens non mouetur per &longs;e à mouente per &longs;e, sed <lb/>per accidens: sed mobile per&longs;e, & primo illude&longs;t, quod per &longs;e <lb/>& primo mouetur à mouente per se, & primo: & mobile per <lb/>&longs;e illud est, quod mouetur per se à mouente per se. </s> <s>Verum <lb/>eadem forma numero non est mobilis à se per se, sed per ac­<lb/>cidens tantum, vel vt est in materia mota, vel ad motum me­<lb/>dii, vel ad motum totius, vel à generante, vel àremouente im­<lb/>pedimentum, quæ omnes motionum &longs;pecies &longs;unt per accidens: <lb/>ideo non oporter, vt eadem forma se, aut per &longs;e, aut primo mo<lb/>ueat; sed &longs;at est, vt forma numero eadem &longs;e per accidens mo­<lb/>ueat: quatenus &longs;cilicet mouendo totum, & medium, & ma­<lb/>teriam motam mouet se: hæc ad materiam.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Ad formam argumenti re&longs;pondeo per in&longs;iciationem con­<lb/>&longs;equentiæ primi argumenti, dum dicitur: ergo e&longs;t eadem for­<lb/>ma numero mouens & mota, &longs;i eodem modo intelligatur; infi­<lb/>cienda e&longs;t etiam &longs;ecunda con&longs;equentia, qua infertur: ergo ea­<lb/>dem forma numero mouet &longs;e per se, quia non mouet &longs;e ni&longs;i <lb/>per accidens, ideo non &longs;equitur, eamdem à &longs;e moueri ni&longs;i per <lb/>accidens, quod fieri po&longs;&longs;e nemo inficias ibit: ad confirmatio­<lb/>nem re&longs;pondeo negando minorem vltimi argumenti, &longs;i ab&longs;o­<lb/>tè intelligatur, quæ vera e&longs;t, &longs;i eadem forma &longs;implex &longs;e per ae <lb/>cidens moueat, & non per &longs;e: ex quibus nullum fal&longs;um, & <lb/>nullum ab&longs;urdum na&longs;citur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Democritus, qui vult, vt quod omnino &longs;imile e&longs;t, quatenus<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/280.jpg" pagenum="260"/><emph type="italics"/>e&longs;t omnind &longs;imile, vim in &longs;e agendi contineat, & mouendi vel <lb/>le etiam cogitur, vt omnia in &longs;e agant & à &longs;e ip&longs;is <expan abbr="moueãtur">moueantur</expan>: <lb/>&longs;i enim ab iis, quæpenitus &longs;imilia &longs;unt, omnia patiuntur, <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb/>à &longs;e ip&longs;is patientur, & à &longs;e ip&longs;is mouebuntur, & &longs;e ip&longs;a moue­<lb/>bunt; & nihil magis mouebit, quam mouebitur, nihil magis <lb/>aget, quam patietur. </s> <s>Ergo nihil omnino erit æternum, atque <lb/>immobile; sed necessitas coget, vt omnia intereant, & omnia <lb/>moueantur, vt docuit Aristoteles libro primo de ortu, & <lb/>interitu.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head"> <s>Vtrum elementum fimplex à &longs;e per &longs;e moueatur, <lb/>quod in &longs;eptimam &longs;ecundæ partis propo&longs;i­<lb/>tionem conuertitur. </s> <s>Cap. XXII.<!-- KEEP S--></s> </p><p type="main"> <s>OSTENDIMVS <emph type="italics"/>elementum &longs;implex non moueri à <lb/>&longs;e per &longs;e, tum quia idem e&longs;&longs;et agens, & patiens re&longs;pe­<lb/>ctu eiu&longs;dem, tumquia Aristotelis demonstratio &longs;ol­<lb/>ueretur, octauo libro Phy&longs;icorum, qua motorem omnino non <lb/>motum dari probat, quta &longs;at e&longs;t a&longs;cendere ad motorem, qui <lb/>per &longs;e à &longs;e moueatur: &longs;i elementa à &longs;e per &longs;e mouentur, & qui <lb/>per accidens moueri possit, id e&longs;t ad motum alterius, vt ele­<lb/>menta: dabitur ergo primus motor, vt Aristotelis demon­<lb/>&longs;tratio probat, at hic, qui e&longs;t per &longs;e motor, motus erit, tum à &longs;e <lb/>per &longs;e, tum à corpore per accidens: &longs;i verum e&longs;t, quod &longs;epti­<lb/>mo loco diximus: elementum &longs;implex moueri à &longs;e per &longs;e, quod <lb/>e&longs;t ab&longs;urdum.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Re&longs;pondeo. <!-- KEEP S--></s> <s>Id quod e&longs;t ex duabus partibus <expan abbr="concretũ">concretum</expan>, pote&longs;t <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e agens, & patiens, secundum diuer&longs;as partes, vt id, quod <lb/>ex materia, & ex forma conflatur, ratione materiæ patitur, <lb/>& ratione formæ agit. </s> <s>In corporibus elementorum &longs;implici-<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/281.jpg" pagenum="261"/><emph type="italics"/>bus idem re&longs;pectu eiu&longs;dem non est agens, & patiens. </s> <s>Dictum <lb/>est enim &longs;upraformam mouere, vt forma est, quia e&longs;t actu, <lb/>seu actus moueri, vt e&longs;t in materia, quia e&longs;t facultate, ideo &longs;im <lb/>plex concretum illud est totum, quod totum per <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, agit, <lb/>& mouet, quatenus forma e&longs;t in actu; & patitur, ac mouetur <lb/>idem totum, vel per materiam; cuius e&longs;t pati, ac moueri, se­<lb/>cundo de generatione particula quinquage&longs;imatertia, vel per <lb/>formam, vt e&longs;t in materia mota, à qua mota materia, forma <lb/>it a afficitur, at que inficitur, vt patiatur, & moueatur, quod <lb/>non est proprie moueri à &longs;e per &longs;e, sed per accidens, aut sal­<lb/>tem improprià: &longs;ententia est Auerrois libro quarto Phy&longs;ico­<lb/>rum commentatione &longs;eptuage&longs;im aprima, vbi dixit, duo e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>ea, quæ per partem moueantur: nonnulla in motorem actu, <lb/>& motum actu diuiduntur, vt animalia: & nonnulla eorum, <lb/>quæ ex &longs;e mouentur, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> in motorem actu, nec in motum actu, <lb/>sed in motorem facultate, & in <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> facultate diuiduntur, <lb/>vt grauia, & leuia: diuiduntur enim in formam, quæ mouet, <lb/>& in materia, quæ mouetur, quiæ elementorum formæ, ex <lb/>materiæ gremio eductæ &longs;unt v&longs;que adeo cum materia con­<lb/>iunctæ, vt ab illa auelli non possint, ni&longs;i totum elementum ad <lb/>extremum ducatur interitum, ideo i&longs;te formæ mouentes mo­<lb/>uentur: quapropter dixit Auerroes libro quarto de cælo <expan abbr="cõ-mentatione">con­<lb/>mentatione</expan> vige&longs;ima&longs;ecunda: motor, & motum, in &longs;implici­<lb/>bus non distinguuntur in actu; sed &longs;unt idem &longs;ecundum &longs;ubie­<lb/>ctum, & diuer&longs;a, &longs;ecundum modum, quia forma, vt forma <lb/>est motor: & forma, vt in materia, e&longs;t mota. </s> <s>Idem tertio cæ­<lb/>li commentatione vige&longs;imaoctaua: quapropter non &longs;equitur, <lb/>idem <expan abbr="&longs;ecũdum">&longs;ecundum</expan> idem, & re&longs;pectu eiu&longs;dem, e&longs;&longs;e mouens, & mo<lb/>tum, agens, & patiens, &longs;ed tantum &longs;ecundum diuer&longs;as par­<lb/>tes, quod inter ab&longs;urda referri non debet.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><pb xlink:href="011/01/282.jpg" pagenum="261"/><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Ad formam argumenti: negamus idem e&longs;&longs;e agens, & pa <lb/>tiens re&longs;pectu eiu&longs;dem, & re&longs;pectu diuer&longs;orum illud conce­<lb/>dimus.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Contra adhuc dubitationi derelinquitur locus, quo o&longs;ten­<lb/>ditur, eamdem rationem moti, & mouentis e&longs;&longs;e in elementis: <lb/>ita vt ratio, quare elementa moueant, &longs;it à forma, & ratio, <lb/>quamobrem elementa moueantur, &longs;it à forma. </s> <s>Terra enim <lb/>deor&longs;um naturaliter mouet, & hoc e&longs;t à forma: quia formæ <lb/>e&longs;t mouere: primo de generatione particula quinquage&longs;ima <lb/>tertia. </s> <s>Terra quoque deor &longs;um mouetur naturaliter, & hoc <lb/>e&longs;t à forma. </s> <s>Ergo eadem forma e&longs;t mouens, & mota: o&longs;ten­<lb/>do formam e&longs;&longs;e rationem, propter quam terra deor&longs;um mo­<lb/>neatur, quia materia est indifferens ad omnem motum, & <lb/>&longs;ur&longs;um, & deor&longs;um per &longs;e, à forma autem inclinationem ha­<lb/>bet ad hunc magis, quam ad illum motum: ergo forma est <lb/>ratio, propter quam terra non &longs;ur&longs;um, sed deor&longs;um mouetur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Re&longs;pondeo. <!-- KEEP S--></s> <s>Terra ratione materiæ tantum deor&longs;um non <lb/>mouetur, sed ratione materiæ &longs;ic di&longs;po&longs;itæ.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Contra: i&longs;ta di&longs;po&longs;itio in materia non e&longs;t ni&longs;i à forma: ergo <lb/>forma e&longs;t ratio, quare materia deor&longs;um moueatur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Re&longs;pondeo. <!-- KEEP S--></s> <s>Forma motum non accipit, sed materia, vt <lb/>formæ elementorum <expan abbr="mixtorũ">mixtorum</expan> formas non accipiunt, sed ma­<lb/>teriam ad illas accipiendas di&longs;ponunt: ita forma motum non <lb/>accipit, sed materiam ad illum accipiendum di&longs;ponit: ideo <lb/>forma e&longs;t <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan>, quo materia per &longs;e mouetur ad <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> ta­<lb/>men totius, & forma per accidens mouetur, vt &longs;æpe diximus.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Ad demon&longs;trationem Ari&longs;totelis, quæ ex hac no&longs;tra &longs;en <lb/>tentia dilueretur, re&longs;pondeo: Aristotelis duæ &longs;unt demon&longs;tra<lb/>tiones: altera in &longs;eptimo, altera in octauo Phy&longs;icorum. <!-- KEEP S--></s> <s>De­<lb/>mon&longs;tratio &longs;eptimi corpora mobilia v&longs;que ad primum cor-<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/283.jpg" pagenum="263"/><emph type="italics"/>pus mobile ducit, a&longs;cendit enim v&longs;que ad primum per &longs;e mo­<lb/>tum, quod est cælum primum animatum tamen. </s> <s>Demon­<lb/>stratio octaui, primum motum per &longs;e in partem per &longs;e mo­<lb/>tam, & in partem per &longs;e mouentem in actu di&longs;&longs;oluit, qua viæ <lb/>in primum mouens immobile a&longs;cendit; illud e&longs;t prima intelli­<lb/>gentia, quæ ita mouet, vt nullo modo moueatur nec per &longs;e, nec <lb/>per accidens, nec primo, nec &longs;ecundo, nec propriè, nec impro­<lb/>priè, nec etiam ad motum totius, nec alia motus &longs;pecie.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Quod &longs;i dixeris demon&longs;trationem in &longs;eptimo <expan abbr="cœpiã">cœpiam</expan> in octa­<lb/>uo fui&longs;&longs;e ab&longs;olutam, forta&longs;&longs;e non errabis, eius cau&longs;am videas <lb/>apud Auerroem octauo Phy&longs;icorum commentatione vige&longs;i­<lb/>maoctaua, vige&longs;ima&longs;eptima, trige&longs;imatertia, quadrage&longs;imæ <lb/>quinta, & quarto cæli commentatione vige&longs;imaquinta.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Contra e&longs;t Aristoteles, qui octauo Phy&longs;icorum particulæ <lb/>trige&longs;imaquarta in calce ait. </s> <s>Siergo quicquid mouetur ab al <lb/>tero mouetur, quod autem primum mouet, mouetur, sed non <lb/>ab altero: ergo nece&longs;&longs;e est, vt ip&longs;um à &longs;e ip&longs;o moueatur. </s> <s>Non <lb/>ducit itaque Aristotelis demonstratio in primum motorem <lb/>omnino immotum, sed in <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> motorem immotum ab alio, <lb/>qui tamen à &longs;e mouetur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Re&longs;pondeo. <!-- KEEP S--></s> <s>Ari&longs;toteles de cælesti corpore eo loco agit, <lb/>quod e&longs;t primum mobile, vt arridet Simplicio, & Auerroi, <lb/>quod mobile primum per &longs;e & primo mouetur, id e&longs;t per prin <lb/>cipium intrin&longs;ecum, non autem per principium extrin&longs;ecum, <lb/>quia quicquid mouetur ab aliquo mouetur, & non à &longs;e: cælum <lb/>mouetur, ergo ab aliquo, & non à &longs;e, & non ab alio mouente <lb/>corpore, & tamen mouetur: ergo ab intrin&longs;eco principio, quod <lb/>non est corpus: non enim hoc, quod primum mobile diximus, <lb/>e&longs;&longs;et primum, &longs;i aliud mouens eo prius in natura daretur id <lb/>principium intrin&longs;ecum à quo primum mobile circumfertur<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/284.jpg" pagenum="264"/><emph type="italics"/>e&longs;t primus intellectus omni ex parte immobilis, qui nec per &longs;e, <lb/>nec per aliud, nec per &longs;e, nec per accidens, nec impropriè, nec <lb/>ad motum, aut &longs;ui, aut alterius corporis, nec alio quouis mo­<lb/>do mouetur: ad hanc, & non ad alium motorem agno&longs;cen­<lb/>dum Aristotelis demon&longs;tratio ducit, & non ad motorem à <lb/>&longs;e per &longs;e motum.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Quomodo Diuini intellectus, præ&longs;ertim primus, &longs;emetip&longs;os <lb/>metaphorico motu moueant, vel non: quomodo globi cæle&longs;tes, <lb/>& præ&longs;ertim primus á Diuino intellectu perindeac ab intrin­<lb/>&longs;eco principio, vel efformante, vel assistente moueatur, alias <lb/>(Deo dante) di&longs;putabimus: nunc hæc dixi&longs;&longs;e &longs;at est.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head"> <s>Vtrum forma elementi per &longs;e materiam moueat, <lb/>& octauam &longs;ecundæ partis propo&longs;itionem <lb/>re&longs;picit. </s> <s>Caput XXIII.<!-- KEEP S--></s></p><p type="main"> <s>OSTENDO <emph type="italics"/>formam elementi non po&longs;&longs;e mouere ma <lb/>teriam; &longs;i hæc forma &longs;uam materiam moueret, ele­<lb/>menta per &longs;pacium inane mouerentur, quia mouenti <lb/>formæ materia mota intrin&longs;ecè re&longs;i&longs;teret, quod fieri <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> po&longs;&longs;e, <lb/>ex his, quæ &longs;upra demon&longs;trauimus, notius e&longs;t, quam vt noua <lb/>demonstratione indigeat: elementa enim in <expan abbr="part&etilde;">partem</expan> per &longs;e actu <lb/>motam, & in partem per &longs;e actu mouentem non diuiduntur, <lb/>vt animalia: ideo per medium inane non aguntur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Re&longs;pondeo negando argumentum, quia cum materia &longs;it <lb/>pura facultas elementorum formis mouentibus non re&longs;istit, <lb/>quapropter animaliatum in pleno, tum in vacuo à &longs;e ip&longs;is <lb/>mouentur; idque illis ratione intrin&longs;ecæ re&longs;istentiæ accidit: <lb/>vtrum elementa per inane &longs;pacium (&longs;i illud datur) moueri <lb/>nequeunt, quoniam medium, quod elemento re&longs;i&longs;tat, in vacuo<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/285.jpg" pagenum="265"/><emph type="italics"/>de&longs;ideratur, & intrin&longs;ecè nihil e&longs;t, quod re&longs;istere valeat, vt <lb/>&longs;upra probauimus.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head"> <s>Vtrum elementa &longs;e per &longs;e, & primo mouere po&longs;­<lb/>&longs;int, quod ex nona &longs;ecundæ partis propo&longs;i­<lb/>tione pendet. </s> <s>Cap. XXIIII.<!-- KEEP S--></s> </p><p type="main"> <s>VNIVERSA <emph type="italics"/>Philo&longs;ophia hoc nouum dictum fundi­<lb/>tus euertit, cuius axioma ab omnibus datum e&longs;t. </s> <s>Ni­<lb/>hil idem &longs;e primo mouere po&longs;&longs;e: nam &longs;i quid &longs;e primo <lb/>moueret, idem primo e&longs;&longs;et actu, & facultate: taque ratione <lb/>&longs;ui ip&longs;ius: cumidem &longs;it mouens, & <expan abbr="moiũ">moium</expan> primo, quod non tam <lb/><expan abbr="fal&longs;issimũ">fal&longs;issimum</expan>, quam <expan abbr="ab&longs;urdissimũ">ab&longs;urdissimum</expan> vno <expan abbr="omniũ">omnium</expan> con&longs;en&longs;u creditur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Re&longs;pondemus, & his quæ &longs;upra &longs;æpenumero repetita &longs;ue­<lb/>runt addimus: in quolibet motu primo aliud e&longs;&longs;e id, quod pri <lb/>mo mouet, et aliud e&longs;&longs;e id, quod primo mouetur: Aliud e&longs;&longs;e id <lb/>quod primo mouet, & aliud e&longs;&longs;e id, quo primo mouetur par­<lb/>titio ex Ari&longs;totele libro octauo Phy&longs;icorum particula trige­<lb/>&longs;ima&longs;eptima colligipote&longs;t. </s> <s>Forma elementi ea non e&longs;t, quæ pri <lb/>mo moueatur; sed ea e&longs;t, qua elementum primo mouetur, & <lb/>elementum <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> e&longs;t id, quo, sed quod mouetur: ideo non e&longs;t idem <lb/>mouens, & motum eodem modo, sed modo ac ratione diuer­<lb/>&longs;a, quod &longs;at est, vt primum mobile, quod est primum cælum, <lb/>illud est, quod primo mouetur, & non principium primum <lb/>quo: verum mens Diuina, quæ est primus intellectus Diui­<lb/>nus, est primum principium, quo primum cælum primo mo­<lb/>uetur, & non quod: ergo idem, & eodem modo mouens, & <lb/>motum: inficienda con&longs;equentia est, cum primum cælum pri <lb/>mo moueatur, & primus intellectus primo moueat: ergo idem <lb/>actu & facultate infirmandum est argumentum, quia pri-<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/286.jpg" pagenum="266"/><emph type="italics"/>mum cælum, quod primo mouetur, facultatem habet ad mo­<lb/>tum, & primus intellectus, qui primo mouet, est in actu, nec <lb/>idem eodem modo mouet, & mouetur: nam intellectus pri­<lb/>mus est principium primum quo, & non quod cælum pri­<lb/>mum primo mouetur; & cælum non e&longs;t quo, sed quod à pri­<lb/>ma intelligentia primo mouetur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Si in primo, in quo tanta est partium vnio, quanta nec ma <lb/>ior, nec par excogitari potest, motor primus à primo moto di­<lb/>&longs;tinguitur: multo etiam magis in elementis, in quibus minor <lb/>est vnio, erit primus motor à primo moto de&longs;tinctus, quod &longs;uf­<lb/>ficit ad hoc vt nihil omnibus modis idem &longs;it actu, & facultate.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head"> <s>Demon&longs;tratio, quam Ari&longs;toteles libro &longs;eptimo <lb/>Phy&longs;icorum literis con&longs;ignauit, ad veritatis <lb/>trutinam expenditur. </s> <s>Cap. XXV.<!-- KEEP S--></s> </p><p type="main"> <s>ARISTOTELIS <emph type="italics"/>demon&longs;trationem in &longs;eptimo Phy­<lb/>&longs;icorum &longs;criptam diligentius examinandam duximus, <lb/>quod no&longs;tra <expan abbr="&longs;ent&etilde;tia">&longs;ententia</expan> ab ea tota pendere videatur, ideo <lb/>quo maioribus, ac melioribus propugnaculis <expan abbr="cõmunita">communita</expan> fuerit, <lb/>eo &longs;tabilioribus <expan abbr="fũdam&etilde;tis">fundamentis</expan> opinio no stra initetur, ac fulcietur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Alexander ergo, Themi&longs;tius, Galenus, & Auicenna, & <lb/>ante eos Eudemus Rhodius hanc <expan abbr="demon&longs;tration&etilde;">demon&longs;trationem</expan> vitio&longs;am e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>crediderunt, & primo Alexander, atque Galenus concordes <lb/>à prima hypothe&longs;i, ad id, quod ei aduer&longs;atur, Ari&longs;totelem <lb/>deflexi&longs;&longs;e putauerunt: nam totum primo moueri e&longs;t po&longs;itum, <lb/>partem deinde quie&longs;cere, quod cum &longs;uperiore hypothe&longs;i stare <lb/>non pote&longs;t: nam &longs;i totum moueretur, & quælibet pars totius <lb/>cum moto toto mouebitur, alioquin totum, quod totum moue­<lb/>ri po&longs;itum e&longs;t, non totum, sed &longs;ecundum aliquas partes tan-<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/287.jpg" pagenum="267"/><emph type="italics"/>tum mouebitur, &longs;i pars quie&longs;cit: ergo totum non mouetur. <lb/></s> <s>Vitio&longs;a e&longs;t ergo Ari&longs;totelis demon&longs;tratio.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Galenus alia <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> nomine <expan abbr="eãdem">eandem</expan> <expan abbr="demõstrationem">demonstrationem</expan> ratus e&longs;t <lb/>po&longs;&longs;e labefactari: hoc <expan abbr="nimirũ">nimirum</expan>, <expan abbr="quodtotũ">quodtotum</expan> primo moueri valeat, <lb/><expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> parte aliqua ip&longs;ius quie&longs;cente, motu certè partis alterius, <lb/>qua ratione altera <expan abbr="quie&longs;c&etilde;te">quie&longs;cente</expan> parte toti inerit motus; ratione <lb/>&longs;cilicet partis alterius, quæ mouetur, dum altera quie&longs;cit; quo <lb/>circa <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> &longs;equitur quie&longs;cere <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> cum pars eius mota <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> fuerit.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Alexander addidit, Ari&longs;totèlem id petii&longs;&longs;e, quod erat in <lb/>principio: po&longs;ito enim aliquid à &longs;emetip&longs;o moueri, Aristoteli <lb/>demon&longs;trandum erat, & non ponendum illius partem, quod <lb/>primo moueretur, quie&longs;cere: hæc &longs;unt, quæ aduer&longs;us Ari­<lb/>stotelis demon&longs;trationes adducuntur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Adprimum, in quod Alexander cum Galeno conuenit, <lb/>hac ratione re&longs;pondendum cen&longs;eo: duobus modis aliquid mo­<lb/>ueri po&longs;&longs;e dictum est &longs;upra, quos modos ex Ari&longs;totele ab ini <lb/>tio libri quinti Phy&longs;icorum didicimus. </s> <s>Alter illæ est, quo to­<lb/>tum per &longs;e mouetur: alter vero, quo totum mouetur per acci <lb/>dens. </s> <s>Quod per accidens cietur, velideo per accidens cieri di­<lb/>citur: quia ine&longs;t alicui, quod per &longs;e mouetur, ad cuius per &longs;e <lb/>moium, & ip&longs;um per accidens mouetur: vel cau&longs;a partis mo­<lb/>tæ, & totum concitatur, quæ cau&longs;a partis motæ mouentur, <lb/>non omnino per accidens mouentur, vt non omnino per acci­<lb/>dens & partes concitantur, dum totum concitatur; ad cuius <lb/>concitationem & partes ip&longs;æ concitantur, vt videre est apud <lb/>Ari&longs;totelem, Themi&longs;tium, Simplicium, & Auerroem, & <lb/>cæteros eiu&longs;dem classis probatissimos Philo&longs;ophos &longs;exto Phy­<lb/>&longs;icorum particula octuage&longs;ima&longs;exta, & alibi: id quod cum <lb/>Alexander, & Galenus agnoui&longs;&longs;ent, rati&longs;unt hunc motum <lb/>ine&longs;&longs;e mobili per &longs;e, & primo: qui tamen mobili non ine&longs;t ni&longs;i<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/288.jpg" pagenum="268"/><emph type="italics"/>per accidens; sed non omnino: dica autem non omnino, quia <lb/>in continuo motus ratione partis aliquo modo inest per &longs;e, li­<lb/>cet non primo, atque id e&longs;t, quod <expan abbr="Alexãdro">Alexandro</expan>, & Galeno erran <lb/>di an&longs;am præ&longs;titit; rati &longs;unt enim idem e&longs;&longs;e hoc loco per &longs;e, & <lb/>primo, cum eo, quod est per &longs;e, & non primo, id est per par­<lb/>tem moueri.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Nunc ad Ari&longs;totelem redeuntes dicimus. </s> <s>Ari&longs;totelem <lb/>non negare, quin hoc modo etiam moueri quippiam dicipo&longs;­<lb/>&longs;it per &longs;e, quoad videlicet aliquid mouetur cau&longs;a partis, quod <lb/>non e&longs;t omnino per accidens, vti diximus, sed per &longs;e primo, ni­<lb/>hil est, quod cau&longs;a partis moueatur: quo circa &longs;i totum moue <lb/>riprimo dicatur, vt Ari&longs;toteles po&longs;uit, nece&longs;&longs;ariò &longs;equitur, <lb/>vt parte aliqua non mota per &longs;e primo, sed quie&longs;cente, totum <lb/>quoque quie&longs;cat: sed contingere potest, vt totum primo vaca­<lb/>re motione &longs;entiamus, dum illud idem totum non primo, sed <lb/>per partem quod eo modo e&longs;t per accidens, quem &longs;upra enar­<lb/>rauimus, moueatur. </s> <s>Hinc fit, vt Ari&longs;toteles primo loco to­<lb/>tum primo moueri po&longs;uerit: deinde verò &longs;ecundo loco partem <lb/>eiu&longs;dem quie&longs;cere, sed non primo: dum &longs;cilicet illud totum pri <lb/>mo quie&longs;cit, & ratione alterius partis motæ mouetur per ac­<lb/>cidens, sed non omnino, immo aliquo modo per &longs;e, licet non pri <lb/>mo: qua ratione fit, vt ab hypothe&longs;i non adid, quod ei aduer&longs;a <lb/>tur, sed ad id, quod <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> hypothe&longs;i, quam optimè <expan abbr="cõuenit">conuenit</expan>, Ari­<lb/>&longs;toteles deflexerit: nam totum primo moueri, & illius pars <lb/>quie&longs;cere pote&longs;t, vt declarauimus, non alio modo.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Adid, quod Galeni proprium e&longs;&longs;e diximus, ex his re&longs;pon­<lb/>dendum e&longs;t, &longs;ieri nullaratione po&longs;&longs;e, vt totum primo mouea­<lb/>tur alter a quie&longs;cente parte ad motum alterius partis motæ, at <lb/>non inficias imus; totum per partem, quod e&longs;t per accidens sed <lb/>non omnino moueri po&longs;&longs;e, dum alter a pars manet immota,<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/289.jpg" pagenum="269"/><emph type="italics"/>quo circa Aristoteles (vt &longs;ui moris est) artificiosè colligit, <lb/>quie&longs;cere totum primo, cum pars eius mota non fuerit primo­<lb/>licet id non &longs;equatur; &longs;i de eo motu tantum argumentum in­<lb/>telligatur, qui e&longs;t per partem: totum enim moueri altera to­<lb/>tius parte quie&longs;cente continget &longs;ed non primo.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Ab&longs;olutis argumentis quæ Alexandro cum Galeno com­<lb/>munia e&longs;&longs;e videbantur, sed ea quæ propria e&longs;&longs;e Alexandri <lb/>creduntur, ab&longs;oluenda pari diligentia de&longs;cendendum.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Alexander ergo hanc Aristotelis demon&longs;trationem re­<lb/>prehendit, vt quæ id &longs;ibi dari po&longs;tulet, quod erat in principio: <lb/>etenim ex hoc, quod pars non mouetur <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> per &longs;e primo non <lb/>moueri collig at, qui enim partem quie&longs;cere possit eo ip&longs;o, & <lb/>totum ip&longs;um primo quie&longs;cere, & primo non moueri ponit: at <lb/>erat Ari&longs;toteli demon&longs;trandum, & non ponendum illius par­<lb/>tem, quod mouetur, quie&longs;cere.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Cui re&longs;pondemus, ac vt rem ip&longs;am acu (vt in prouerbio <lb/>fertur) atting amus, memini&longs;&longs;e oportet: id ip&longs;um, quod à <lb/>&longs;e ip&longs;o mouetur, quoad videlicet mouetur, habere partes in <lb/>quas diuidi potest; at id quod conflatum e&longs;t ex partibus, non <lb/>nece&longs;&longs;ariò quie&longs;cit, & mouetur primo, sed moueri, & quie­<lb/>&longs;cere potest tum primo, tum cau&longs;a partis, quod per ac­<lb/>cidens e&longs;&longs;e & non omnino, non &longs;emel dictum est &longs;upra: <lb/>non apparet autem continuum ex partibus conflatum moue­<lb/>ri cau&longs;a partis, ni&longs;i ip&longs;um cau&longs;a partis prius quie&longs;cere con­<lb/>ce&longs;&longs;um fuerit: continuum autem ratione partis quie&longs;cen­<lb/>tis po&longs;&longs;e quie&longs;cere, ab Aristotele demon&longs;tratum est ex op­<lb/>po&longs;ito, quod est euidentius. </s> <s>Si enim (inquit) id, quod ab ali­<lb/>quo mouetur, eo quod aliud quie&longs;cat, quie&longs;cere nece&longs;&longs;e non e&longs;t, <lb/>id quod alio quie&longs;cente quie&longs;cit, ab alio mouetur, ab eo certè, <lb/>ad cuius quietem quie&longs;cit: & ex hoc Aristoteles concludit,<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/290.jpg" pagenum="270"/><emph type="italics"/>totum continuum ex diuer&longs;is partibus conflatum cau&longs;a mota <lb/>partis moueri, & quamquam &longs;ecus cuique parti status acci­<lb/>dit, & <expan abbr="quamquã">quamquam</expan> &longs;ecus cuique parti motus accidit; non tamen <lb/>illico &longs;equitur, quietem, & motam vni parti accidentem al­<lb/>teri parti accidere, aut toti: ergo totum, quod ratione partis, <lb/>mouetur, non ratione eiu&longs;dem partis primo, aut quie&longs;cit, aut <lb/>primo mouetur nece&longs;&longs;ariò: nam quod primo alicui ine&longs;t, id <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb/>ratione alterius ine&longs;&longs;e dicitur; sed vi, natura, rationeque &longs;ua <lb/>propria. </s> <s>Cum itaque quies partis vnius, nec nece&longs;&longs;ario &longs;it quies <lb/>partis alterius, nec totius, non illico &longs;equi dicendum, totum eo <lb/>ip&longs;o, quod pars quie&longs;cat, quie&longs;cere.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Animaduertendum tamen est, <expan abbr="verũ">verum</expan> e&longs;&longs;e id, quod &longs;upra <lb/>non raro diximus, <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> animal per partem moueri di&longs;tinctum <lb/>ab eo, quod mouetur, id e&longs;t per <expan abbr="animã">animam</expan>; & totum <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan> &longs;u&longs; <lb/>que, deque concitari per <expan abbr="partē">partem</expan> <expan abbr="distinctã">distinctam</expan>, id est per formam; <lb/>at nunc per <expan abbr="part&etilde;">partem</expan> alio, atque alio modo v&longs;urpamus: &longs;emel, vt <lb/>totum <expan abbr="hominē">hominem</expan> per <expan abbr="partē">partem</expan> &longs;anari dicimus, cuius tamen non ni&longs;i <lb/>aut manus, aut pes &longs;anatur, id e&longs;t &longs;anari per accidens: &longs;ecun­<lb/>do autem, vt <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> ab intrin&longs;eca forma per partem mouetur, <lb/>id est moueri non tantum per &longs;e, sed etiam primo.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Nunc ad <expan abbr="Alexandrū">Alexandrum</expan>, & ad Ari&longs;totelem reuertimur, ac <lb/>dicimus: fal&longs;um e&longs;&longs;e id, quod Alexander con&longs;tantissimè a&longs;&longs;e­<lb/>ruit ex hoc, quod pars non moueatur, &longs;equi totum primo non <lb/>moueri, & à quo illud prius po&longs;itum fuerit, & hoc po&longs;terius po <lb/><expan abbr="&longs;itũ">&longs;itum</expan> erit: propterea quod quies vnius partis non nece&longs;&longs;ariò &longs;it <lb/>quies, aut alterius partis, aut totius: ideo Ari&longs;toteles, qui ex <lb/>hoc quod pars non moueatur, totum per &longs;e primo non moueri <lb/>colligit, id non petit, quod er at in principio; quia, qui partem <lb/>quie&longs;cere ponit, totum quie&longs;cere primo, illudque primo <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> mo­<lb/>ueri, non nece&longs;&longs;ariò ponit; quamquam id contingere potest.<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/291.jpg" pagenum="271"/><emph type="italics"/>Reprehendendus est ergo Alexander, qui Aristotelem in­<lb/>dignum qui reprehendatur, reprehendendum e&longs;t ratus.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Auicenna rebatur hanc Aristotelis <expan abbr="demon&longs;tration&etilde;">demon&longs;trationem</expan> pec <lb/>care in materia: quippe quæ vel generatim concludit, omne <lb/>quod mouetur ab alio de&longs;tincto moueri, vel particulariter: &longs;i <lb/>particulariter, ergo non omne, quod mouetur, ab alio di&longs;tincto <lb/>mouente mouetur, sed aliquod <expan abbr="tantũ">tantum</expan>: &longs;i generaliter, ergo om­<lb/>nes propo&longs;itiones, ex quibus <expan abbr="cõclu&longs;io">conclu&longs;io</expan> na&longs;citur, futuræ &longs;unt vni­<lb/>uer&longs;ales: <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> vniuer&longs;alis conclu&longs;io non ni&longs;i ab vniuer&longs;alibus <lb/>propo&longs;itionibus gignitur: at non &longs;unt vniuer&longs;ales omnes propo­<lb/>&longs;itiones. </s> <s>Crgo nec conclu&longs;io futura est vniuer&longs;alis: minor pro­<lb/>batur, ait enim Ari&longs;toteles, parte altera quie&longs;cente <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> quie <lb/>&longs;cit, id quod probatur ex &longs;exto libro Phy&longs;icorum: omne, quod <lb/>mouetur, e&longs;t corpus <expan abbr="continuũ">continuum</expan>, & in omnes partes diuiduum, id <lb/>non est vniuer&longs;aliter <expan abbr="verũ">verum</expan>, quia cælum mouetur, quod tamen <lb/>est indiuiduum: &longs;i enim e&longs;&longs;et <expan abbr="diuiduũ">diuiduum</expan>, particeps e&longs;&longs;et diuiduæ <lb/>materiæ; quæ <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> cau&longs;a &longs;it interitus illius, in quo e&longs;t, <expan abbr="cælū">cælum</expan> inte­<lb/>ritui <expan abbr="obnoxiũ">obnoxium</expan> e&longs;&longs;et, cui reclamat Peripatetica schola. </s> <s>Vitio­<lb/>&longs;am ergo e&longs;&longs;e Ari&longs;totelis <expan abbr="demon&longs;trationē">demon&longs;trationem</expan> ratus e&longs;t <expan abbr="Auic&etilde;na">Auicenna</expan>.<emph.end type="italics"/><!-- KEEP S--></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Auerroes, qui in Aristotelem erroris not am, nec leuissi­<lb/>mam illam quidem, ab alio quouis inuri non patitur, sed eun­<lb/>dem ab omni iniuria numquam non vindicat, ne in hac parte <lb/>ab eodem indefen&longs;us relinquatur, hæc Auicennæ argumenta <lb/>explicare nititur, & ait. </s> <s>Cælum non vna tantum ratione, sed <lb/>duabus, iisdemque diuer&longs;is con&longs;iderari pote&longs;t: primo modo vt <lb/>cælum: &longs;ecundo modo vt corpus: cælum vt cælum quie&longs;cere <expan abbr="nō">non</expan> <lb/>pote&longs;t, nec e&longs;t diuiduum, sed cælum vt corpus quie&longs;cere pote&longs;t, <lb/>& est diuiduum, & cælo vt corpus e&longs;t, cæter a omnia a&longs;cribun <lb/>tur, quæ corpori vt corpus e&longs;t, <expan abbr="dãtur">dantur</expan>: e&longs;t enim corpus quia cor <lb/>pus demen&longs;ionibus &longs;ubiectum. </s> <s>Crgo & cælum quia corpus.<emph.end type="italics"/><pb xlink:href="011/01/292.jpg" pagenum="272"/><emph type="italics"/>At cælum vt cælum, nec dimen&longs;ionibus, nec ortui, nec inte­<lb/>ritui &longs;ubiicitur; perind&ecedil;ac Socrati, vt animal e&longs;t, multa <expan abbr="insũt">insunt</expan>, <lb/>quæ non in&longs;unt ei, vt homo est, & Socrates: habet enim So­<lb/>crates vim &longs;entiendi, ratione, qua animal, non <expan abbr="aut&etilde;ratiene">auterratiene</expan>, <lb/>qua homo: ita & cælum ratione, qua corpus non pauca habe <lb/>re videtur, quæ de eodem vt cælum nulla ratione dicuntur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>Vniuer&longs;alis ergo Ari&longs;totelis demonstratio, ex vniuer&longs;ali­<lb/>bus propo&longs;itionibus conflatur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"/>His hanc quæstionem ab&longs;oluimus, in qua diuerti&longs;&longs;e ab re <lb/>forta&longs;&longs;e non fuit: vulgatum propter illorum <expan abbr="error&etilde;">errorem</expan>, qui hi&longs;ce <lb/>de rebus minus rectè <expan abbr="&longs;en&longs;erũt">&longs;en&longs;erunt</expan>. </s> <s>Si cui hæ no&longs;træ di&longs;&longs; utatio­<lb/>nes, vltra <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> &longs;atis e&longs;t, processi&longs;&longs;e <expan abbr="videãtur">videantur</expan>, memini&longs;&longs;e opor­<lb/>tet, <expan abbr="di&longs;putation&etilde;">di&longs;putationem</expan> <expan abbr="longã">longam</expan> non e&longs;&longs;e, in qua, quam <expan abbr="quā">quam</expan> multa, ne­<lb/>ce&longs;&longs;aria <expan abbr="tam&etilde;">tamen</expan> dicantur: vt illa breuis non e&longs;t, in qua, licet pau <lb/>ca, &longs;uperuacua tamen referuntur, & nos hæc grauissima, il­<lb/>la quidem maximeque vtilia, atque difficilia neque propter <lb/>occupatos homines, neque propter delicatos di&longs;putaui&longs;&longs;e; sed <lb/>propter eos, qui &longs;unt amore philo&longs;ophiæ accen&longs;i, illius que ar­<lb/>dore flagrant, qui &longs;e&longs;e in literis ab diderunt, & omne &longs;tudium <lb/>veritatis indagationi dicarunt: his certè nulla di&longs;ceptatio lon­<lb/>ga videri possit, quæ de rebus maximis, & vtilibus, & ad co­<lb/>gnitionem pulcherrimis habeatur, quantumuis plura di&longs;pu­<lb/>tentur: & nulla breuis in qua præter paucula verba, vt &longs;eopæ <lb/>di&longs;&longs;olutæ, mhil aliudinueniatur. </s> <s>Valete ergo candidissimi <lb/>lectores, & Borrium ve&longs;trum vobis omnibus deditissi­<lb/>mum hi&longs;ce de rebus, abditissimis illis quidem pro <lb/>&longs;uo captu, ac modulo di&longs;putantem, <lb/>vt par e&longs;t; amate.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"/>FINIS.<emph.end type="italics"/><!-- KEEP S--></s></p><pb xlink:href="011/01/293.jpg"/></chap><chap><p type="head"> <s>INDEX SECVNDVM CAPITA <lb/>EORVM, QVAE TOTO OPERE <lb/>CONTINENTVR.</s></p><p type="head"> <s>INDEX PRIMAE PARTIS. <lb/><!-- KEEP S--></s> <s>Caput I.<lb/>Q<emph type="italics"/>vaestio de motu grauium, & leuium ob&longs;cura<lb/>admodum, nece&longs;&longs;arsa tamen in philo&longs;ophia<emph.end type="italics"/> 1. <lb/><emph type="italics"/>Motu <expan abbr="grauiũ">grauium</expan>, & leuium ignorato, ignoratur natura<emph.end type="italics"/> 1. <lb/><emph type="italics"/>De principio motus elementorum Antifontis, ac <expan abbr="alierũ">alierum</expan> <lb/> variæ apiniones.<emph.end type="italics"/> 2. <lb/><emph type="italics"/>Opinionum di&longs;&longs;en&longs;io præ&longs;efert difficultatem de motu<emph.end type="italics"/> 2. <lb/> <emph type="italics"/>Motus non firma natura vnde nec &longs;citu facilis, quare <lb/> vt in aliis ab&longs;tru&longs;is &longs;at erit &longs;i ne redargutie facilis &longs;it.<emph.end type="italics"/> 3. <!-- KEEP S--></s></p><p type="head"> <s>Caput II.<lb/><emph type="italics"/>De ordine nece&longs;&longs;ario rerum tract andarum.<emph.end type="italics"/> 3. <lb/> <emph type="italics"/>Ordo veritati confert in profundo demer&longs;æ, & e&longs;t ratio &longs;cientiarum.<emph.end type="italics"/> 3. <lb/> <emph type="italics"/>Morionis inconueniens obignorantiam ordinis.<emph.end type="italics"/> 4. <lb/> <emph type="italics"/>Ordo re&longs;olutiuus in rebus inueniendis v&longs;urpatur, &longs;eruatur tamen in tracta­<lb/> tione compo&longs;itiuns.<emph.end type="italics"/> 4. <lb/> <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;toteles plerumque compo&longs;itiua, & re&longs;olutiua methodo vtitur, plate <lb/> ver ò diui&longs;iua.<emph.end type="italics"/> 4. <lb/> <emph type="italics"/>De ordinibus rerum tractandarum egit Plate in Alcibiade.<emph.end type="italics"/> 4. <!-- KEEP S--></s></p><p type="head"> <s>Caput III.<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Di&longs;putatio de motu grauium & leuium elementorum præcipuè cum antiquis <lb/> habenda e&longs;t, omissis recentioribus.<emph.end type="italics"/> 4. <lb/> <emph type="italics"/>Platonis &longs;ententia in hac re exponenda tum Ari&longs;toteles de quibus à Platone <lb/> prius di&longs;putet.<emph.end type="italics"/> 5. <lb/> <emph type="italics"/>Plato multa de moribus magis copiosè.<emph.end type="italics"/> 5. <lb/> <emph type="italics"/>Auerrois laus, & in digressionibus cum antiquis conferendus.<emph.end type="italics"/> 5. <!-- KEEP S--></s></p><p type="head"> <s>Caput IIII.<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Diui&longs;io huius operis in &longs;uas partes.<emph.end type="italics"/> 6. <lb/> <emph type="italics"/>Aequiuoca, ac ambigua nomina prius di&longs;tinguenda &longs;unt.<emph.end type="italics"/> 6. <lb/> <emph type="italics"/>Argumentorum nexus &longs;i non aliter &longs;altem vt Gordianus nodus gladio &longs;ol­<lb/> uendus.<emph.end type="italics"/> 6. <lb/> <emph type="italics"/>Philo&longs;ophi non veri quomodo habendi &longs;int.<emph.end type="italics"/> 7. <lb/> <emph type="italics"/>Dei in hac tractatione inuocatio.<emph.end type="italics"/> 7. <lb/> <emph type="italics"/>Prima principia Philo&longs;ophiæ prius aperienda.<emph.end type="italics"/> 7. </s></p><pb xlink:href="011/01/294.jpg"/><p type="head"> <s>Caput V.<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Pars prima huius operis circa voces ver&longs;atur.<emph.end type="italics"/> 7. <lb/> <emph type="italics"/>Elementa &longs;unt materia huius tract ationis. </s> <s>Ideo ea e&longs;&longs;e ponumtur.<emph.end type="italics"/> 7. <lb/> <emph type="italics"/>Quæ&longs;tio &longs;i e&longs;t &longs;ubiecti non inquirenda cum &longs;ubiectum a proprio artifice non <lb/> demon&longs;tretur.<emph.end type="italics"/> 7. <lb/> <emph type="italics"/>Elementi definitio confert ad definitionem motus.<emph.end type="italics"/> 7. </s></p><p type="head"> <s>Caput VI.<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Definitio elementi illu&longs;tratur.<emph.end type="italics"/> 8. <lb/> <emph type="italics"/>Elementi definitio accipitur ex quinto &longs;apientiæ & ex tertio cæli.<emph.end type="italics"/> 8. <lb/> <emph type="italics"/>Cælum e&longs;t corpus, non tamen vere elementum nuncupari debet.<emph.end type="italics"/> 8. <lb/> <emph type="italics"/>Priuatio none&longs;t elementum, & quomodo differerat a materia exponitur.<emph.end type="italics"/> 8. <lb/> <emph type="italics"/>Elementa non di&longs;&longs;oluunturin corpora priora, & &longs;unt corpora vndequaque <lb/>&longs;imilia.<emph.end type="italics"/> 8. <lb/> <emph type="italics"/>Materia prima non e&longs;t verè elementum nec materia propinqua<emph.end type="italics"/> 9. <lb/> <emph type="italics"/>Elemnta non &longs;unt penitus &longs;implicia.<emph.end type="italics"/> 9. <lb/> <emph type="italics"/>Tran&longs;mutatio aperit nobis elementa e&longs;&longs;e compo&longs;ita.<emph.end type="italics"/> 9. <lb/> <emph type="italics"/>Anaxagoræ & Democriti principia non &longs;unt elementa.<emph.end type="italics"/> 9. <lb/> <emph type="italics"/>Graue & leue &longs;unt rationes quibus con&longs;iderantur elementa in hoc libro.<emph.end type="italics"/> 10. </s></p><p type="head"> <s>Caput VII.<lb/><emph type="italics"/>De numera elementorum.<emph.end type="italics"/> 10. <lb/> <emph type="italics"/>Numerus elementorum ex motu rectainue&longs;tigatur.<emph.end type="italics"/> 10. <lb/> <emph type="italics"/>Tran&longs;mutatio non &longs;eruaretur &longs;i e&longs;&longs;et vnum tantum elementum.<emph.end type="italics"/> 10. <lb/> <emph type="italics"/>Elementum vnum &longs;i contrarias haberet qualitates etiam in co e&longs;&longs;ent &longs;ub­<lb/> &longs;tantiæ diuer&longs;æ.<emph.end type="italics"/> 11. <lb/> <emph type="italics"/>Hippocrates & Galenus probant elementum non e&longs;&longs;e vnum.<emph.end type="italics"/> 11. <lb/> <emph type="italics"/>Qualitates quatuor indicant quatuor e&longs;&longs;e elementa nec plura, nec pauciora; <lb/> non e&longs;&longs;e autem infinita motus recti finits.<emph.end type="italics"/> 11. 12. <lb/> <emph type="italics"/>Motus circularis prior recto.<emph.end type="italics"/> 12. <lb/> <emph type="italics"/>Cælum <expan abbr="numquã">numquam</expan> ad <expan abbr="fin&etilde;">finem</expan> mouetur, &longs;emper tamen in fine, elementa è contra.<emph.end type="italics"/> 12. <lb/> <emph type="italics"/>Elementa quæ non mouentur vel impedita &longs;unt extra proprium locum, vel <lb/> proprio loco quie&longs;cunt.<emph.end type="italics"/> 12. <lb/> <emph type="italics"/>Natura e&longs;t principium non &longs;olum motus, &longs;ed quictis in elementis.<emph.end type="italics"/> 13. <lb/> <emph type="italics"/>Linea recta, &longs;uper quam fiunt motus recti, e&longs;t infra lunam.<emph.end type="italics"/> 13. <lb/> <emph type="italics"/>Elementa nece&longs;&longs;ario grauia vel. </s> <s>leuia vel ab&longs;olutè aut comparatè.<emph.end type="italics"/> 13. <lb/> <emph type="italics"/>Natura ab extremo ad alterum per media profici&longs;citur Auerroes &longs;ecundo <lb/> de Anima.<emph.end type="italics"/> 13. </s></p><p type="head"> <s>Caput VIII.<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Elementa propria natura ac vi ad locum moueri o&longs;tenditur.<emph.end type="italics"/> 14. <lb/> <emph type="italics"/>Motum elementorum non cognouerunt Philo&longs;ophi.<emph.end type="italics"/> 14. <lb/> <emph type="italics"/><expan abbr="Elem&etilde;ta">Elementa</expan> naturali motu moueri probat. </s> <s>ex difinitione natura, et ex quiete.<emph.end type="italics"/> 15. <lb/> <emph type="italics"/>Natura odit infinitum.<emph.end type="italics"/> 16. </s></p><pb xlink:href="011/01/295.jpg"/><p type="head"> <s>Caput IX.<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Empedoclis opinio confutatur de immobilitate terræ ob cali conuei&longs;ionem.<emph.end type="italics"/> 16. <lb/> <emph type="italics"/>Terra &longs;ua natura non e&longs;t mobilis in proprio loco; vt corpus naturale babes <lb/> motum naturalem.<emph.end type="italics"/> 17. </s></p><p type="head"> <s>Caput X.<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Democriti corpu&longs;cula non temerè moueri.<emph.end type="italics"/> 17. <lb/> <emph type="italics"/>Corpora indiui&longs;ibilia &longs;i violenter mouentur habent etiam motum natura­<lb/> lem.<emph.end type="italics"/> 17. <lb/> <emph type="italics"/>Violentum quid&longs;it ex primo cæli; & quinto de generatione animalium.<emph.end type="italics"/> 17. <lb/> <emph type="italics"/>Motus naturalis præcedit violentum.<emph.end type="italics"/> 18. </s></p><p type="head"> <s>Caput XI.<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Platonis & Hermetis & Orphei &longs;ententia de elementis ante mundi genera­<lb/> tionem.<emph.end type="italics"/> 18. <lb/> <emph type="italics"/>Po&longs;terius non e&longs;t &longs;ine &longs;uo priori.<emph.end type="italics"/> 18. <lb/> <emph type="italics"/>Naturalis motus habet ortum ab vno principio ordinaso.<emph.end type="italics"/> 19. <lb/> <emph type="italics"/>Ordinis cau&longs;a e&longs;t natura octauo phy&longs;icorum; & ordo e&longs;t forma mundi vt hæ <lb/> betur ab Alexandro &longs;ecundo loco quæ&longs;tionum natur alium.<emph.end type="italics"/> 19. </s></p><p type="head"> <s>Caput XII.<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Anaxagoræ opinio de genitura mundi, & quomodo mens latitantia edu­<lb/> cebat.<emph.end type="italics"/> 19. <lb/> <emph type="italics"/>Theophra&longs;tus huius videtur <expan abbr="&longs;ent&etilde;riæ">&longs;enterriæ</expan> <expan abbr="vnũquodque">vnunquodque</expan> &longs;igregari ex <expan abbr="vnoquoq.">vnoquoque</expan><emph.end type="italics"/> 20. <lb/> <emph type="italics"/>Oculi quorundamflammas emittere &longs;cribit Theopha&longs;tus&longs;tus.<emph.end type="italics"/> 20. <lb/> <emph type="italics"/>Megetius medicus I&longs;chiadis dolorem curauit.<emph.end type="italics"/> 20. <lb/> <emph type="italics"/>Anaxagoræ opinio refellitur ex quiete ip&longs;a.<emph.end type="italics"/> 20. <lb/> <emph type="italics"/>Grauia natura in centro, leuia &longs;ub cælo quie&longs;cunt.<emph.end type="italics"/> 20. <lb/> <emph type="italics"/>Vera opinio de motu grauium & leuium est &longs;ententia Ari&longs;totelis.<emph.end type="italics"/> 21. </s></p><p type="head"> <s>Caput XIII.<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Parmenidis opinio perpenditur de cau&longs;a mouente, ac de ideis.<emph.end type="italics"/> 21. <lb/> <emph type="italics"/>Parmenides petit <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> quia accipit vt <expan abbr="notũ">notum</expan> quod e&longs;t demonstrabile.<emph.end type="italics"/> 21. <lb/> <emph type="italics"/>Omnia e&longs;&longs;e vnum quod dicebat Parmenides e&longs;t fal&longs;um.<emph.end type="italics"/> 22. <lb/> <emph type="italics"/>Vnitas e&longs;t tran&longs;cendens entis, & &longs;u&longs;tinet multudinem.<emph.end type="italics"/> 22. <lb/> <emph type="italics"/>Parmenides ponit &longs;pacium inane, contrarium Ari&longs;toteles.<emph.end type="italics"/> 22. <lb/> <emph type="italics"/>Elementum quodlibet habet motum naturalem, & huius motus est princi­<lb/> pium indagandum.<emph.end type="italics"/> 22. <lb/> <emph type="italics"/>Efficiens principium motus naturalis indagandum, quod non &longs;atis explicuit <lb/> plato in phedone.<emph.end type="italics"/> 22. <lb/> <emph type="italics"/>E&longs;&longs;e & moueri ab vna & eadem cau&longs;a profi&longs;cuntur <expan abbr="&longs;ecũdum">&longs;ecundum</expan> <expan abbr="Platon&etilde;">Platonem</expan>.<emph.end type="italics"/> 22. <lb/> <emph type="italics"/>Ideæ &longs;i e&longs;&longs;ent cau&longs;a motus res ip&longs;e &longs;emper cierentur.<emph.end type="italics"/> 23. <lb/> <emph type="italics"/>Præter ideas apparet aliud principium motus.<emph.end type="italics"/> 23. </s></p><p type="head"> <s>Caput XIIII.<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Refelluntur opiniones illorum qui a&longs;&longs;erebant materiam e&longs;&longs;e <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> motus.<emph.end type="italics"/> 23. <pb xlink:href="011/01/296.jpg"/> <emph type="italics"/>Materia & eau&longs;a efficiens in visum non con&longs;pirant.<emph.end type="italics"/> 23. <lb/> <emph type="italics"/>Tales non po&longs;uit aquam vt principium mouens, neo Empedocles quatuor ele­<lb/> menta.<emph.end type="italics"/> 23. <lb/> <emph type="italics"/>Anaxagoras laudatur tertio de anima, qui præter materiam po&longs;uit cau&longs;am <lb/> efficientem.<emph.end type="italics"/> 24. <lb/> <emph type="italics"/>Democritus, & Leucippus po&longs;uerunt ca&longs;um, & fortunam efficientem <lb/> cau&longs;as.<emph.end type="italics"/> 24. <lb/> <emph type="italics"/>Forma est quid optimum primo phy&longs;icorum & plato in Thimæo.<emph.end type="italics"/> 24. <lb/> <emph type="italics"/>Qualitates &longs;unt in&longs;trumonta agendi, ac instrumenta non agunt fine principa <lb/> li cau&longs;a, vnde Democritus culpatur &longs;ecundo de Anima.<emph.end type="italics"/> 24. <lb/> <emph type="italics"/>Motor efficiens proximus quaritur de motu elementorum.<emph.end type="italics"/> 24. <lb/> <emph type="italics"/>Kiolentia nihil patitur quin prius natura concitetur.<emph.end type="italics"/> 24. <lb/> <emph type="italics"/>Motus localis est primus aliorum motuum.<emph.end type="italics"/> 25. </s></p><p type="head"> <s>Caput XV.<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Corpora omnia, quærestè mouentur, &longs;unt vel grauia velleuia.<emph.end type="italics"/> 25. <lb/> <emph type="italics"/>Corpus non graus &longs;i deor&longs;um meneratur, infinitè velerius cieretur corpore <lb/> graui.<emph.end type="italics"/>