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Colored diff for /texts/archimedes/xml/Attic/baldi_mecha_01_la_1621.xml between version 1.41 and 1.42

version 1.41, 2002/09/23 17:21:53

version 1.42, 2002/09/23 21:11:43

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<s id="id.000335">Ari&longs;toteles primam quæ&longs;tionis partem ita &longs;oluit: An <lb/>quia &longs;ur&longs;um parte quidem exi&longs;tente, plus libræ extra per<lb/>pendiculum &longs;it? </s>

<s id="id.000336">Spartum enim perpendiculum e&longs;t: quare <lb/>nece&longs;&longs;<gap/> e&longs;t deor&longs;um ferriid quod plus e&longs;t, donec a&longs;cendat <lb/>qua bifariam libram diuidit ad ip&longs;um perpendiculum, <lb/>cum onus in cum bat ad libræ partem &longs;ur&longs;us raptam. </s><figure id="id.007.00.037.1.jpg" xlink:href="http://archimedes.fas.harvard.edu/images/007-00-figures/007.00.037.1.jpg"></figure>

<s id="id.000336">Spartum enim perpendiculum e&longs;t: quare <lb/>nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t deor&longs;um ferri id quod plus e&longs;t, donec a&longs;cendat <lb/>qua bifariam libram diuidit ad ip&longs;um perpendiculum, <lb/>cum onus incumbat ad libræ partem &longs;ur&longs;us raptam. </s><figure id="id.007.00.037.1.jpg" xlink:href="http://archimedes.fas.harvard.edu/images/007-00-figures/007.00.037.1.jpg"></figure>

<s id="id.000337">Sit libra recta (hoc e&longs;t, in æquilibrio con&longs;tituta) BC, <lb/>&longs;partum autem AD, <lb/>fulcimentum autem <lb/>D, de&longs;uper: &longs;parto au<lb/>tem deor&longs;um proie<lb/>cto ad M perpendicu<lb/>laris erit vbi ADM. <lb/></s>

<s id="id.000338">Si igitur in ip&longs;o B po<lb/>natur onus, erit B qui<lb/>dem vbi E, C autem <lb/>vbi H, quamobrem <lb/>ea quæ bifariam <expan abbr="librã">libram</expan> <lb/>&longs;ecat, primo quidem erit DM, ip&longs;ius perpendiculi; in <expan abbr="c&umacr;-bente">cun<lb/>bente</expan> <expan abbr="aut&emacr;">autem</expan> onere, erit DG. quare libræ ip&longs;ius EH, quod <pb xlink:href="http://archimedes.fas.harvard.edu/images/007-00-pageimg/007.00.038.jpg"/>extra perpendiculum, e&longs;t AM, vbi e&longs;t q P maius e&longs;t dimi<lb/>dio. </s>

<s id="id.000338">Si igitur in ip&longs;o B po<lb/>natur onus, erit B qui<lb/>dem vbi E, C autem <lb/>vbi H, quamobrem <lb/>ea quæ bifariam <expan abbr="librã">libram</expan> <lb/>&longs;ecat, primo quidem erit DM, ip&longs;ius perpendiculi; in<expan abbr="c&umacr;-bente">cum<lb/>bente</expan> <expan abbr="aut&emacr;">autem</expan> onere, erit DG. quare libræ ip&longs;ius EH, quod <pb xlink:href="http://archimedes.fas.harvard.edu/images/007-00-pageimg/007.00.038.jpg"/>extra perpendiculum, e&longs;t AM, vbi e&longs;t q P maius e&longs;t dimi<lb/>dio. </s>

<s id="id.000339">Si igitur amoueatur onus ab E, nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t deor&longs;um <lb/>ferri H, minus e&longs;t enim E: &longs;iquidem igitur habuerit &longs;par<lb/>tum &longs;ur&longs;um, propter hoc a&longs;cendit libra. </s>

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<s id="id.000342">Id ergo &longs;ibi vult Ari&longs;toteles, <lb/>propterea quòd pars iugi HDG maior e&longs;t parte ED q, <lb/>eam eleuatam nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t de&longs;cendere, & iterum à perpen<lb/>diculari ADM bifariam diui&longs;am ad æquilibrium reuer<lb/>ti, Po&longs;&longs;umus nos idem &longs;impliciori figura demon&longs;trare. </s><figure id="id.007.00.038.1.jpg" xlink:href="http://archimedes.fas.harvard.edu/images/007-00-figures/007.00.038.1.jpg"></figure>

<s id="id.000343">E&longs;to libra AB, bi<lb/>fariam, diui&longs;a in G, <lb/><expan abbr="fulciment&umacr;">fulcimentum</expan> verò &longs;ur<lb/>&longs;um vbi D, prod<gap/>ca<lb/>tur perpendicularis <lb/>DC in E. </s>

<s id="id.000343">E&longs;to libra AB, bi<lb/>fariam, diui&longs;a in G, <lb/><expan abbr="fulciment&umacr;">fulcimentum</expan> verò &longs;ur<lb/>&longs;um vbi D, produca<lb/>tur perpendicularis <lb/>DC in E. </s>

<s id="id.000344">Stante igi<lb/>tur libra AB, in æqui<lb/>librio æqualis e&longs;t pars <lb/>CH, ip&longs;i parti CB <lb/>apponatur pondus in <lb/>B. </s>

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<s id="id.000349">Si pondus circa &longs;tabile centrum conuertatur, dimi&longs;<lb/>&longs;um non &longs;tabit, ni&longs;i &longs;ecundum grauitatis centrum fuerit <lb/>in perpendiculari, quæ per centrum, circa quod conuer<lb/>titur, ad mundi centrum cadit. </s>

<s id="id.000350">Stabit autem in ea per<lb/>pendiculari in duobus punctis, altero à centro mundi <lb/>remoti&longs;&longs;imo; altero verò cidem quantum licuerit pro<lb/>ximo. </s><figure id="id.007.00.039.1.jpg" xlink:href="http://archimedes.fas.harvard.edu/images/007-00-figures/007.00.039.1.jpg"></figure>

<s id="id.000350">Stabit autem in ea per<lb/>pendiculari in duobus punctis, altero à centro mundi <lb/>remoti&longs;&longs;imo; altero verò eidem quantum licuerit pro<lb/>ximo. </s><figure id="id.007.00.039.1.jpg" xlink:href="http://archimedes.fas.harvard.edu/images/007-00-figures/007.00.039.1.jpg"></figure>

<s id="id.000351">E&longs;to corpus A, cuius graui<lb/>tatis centrum B, nixum lineae in<lb/>flexibili BC, cum qua liberè <lb/>conuertatur circa centrum C. <lb/></s>

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<s id="id.000355">Po&longs;t hæc verò in F, hoc <lb/>e&longs;t iterum in ip&longs;a perpendiculari <lb/>infra centrum C. </s>

<s id="id.000356">De&longs;cribet er<lb/>go circulum ex centro C, nem<lb/>pe BEF &longs;ecantem perpendicu<lb/>larem in duobus punctis oppo<lb/>&longs;itis BF, dico, pondus libe è di-<pb xlink:href="http://archimedes.fas.harvard.edu/images/007-00-pageimg/007.00.040.jpg"/>mi&longs;&longs;um in duobus tantum punctis &longs;uapte naturâ perman<lb/>&longs;urum, BF, in B, primò, quoniam cum corpus ip&longs;um A à <lb/>perpendiculari, quæ &longs;upei ficiei loco intelligitur ABCD <lb/>per centrum grauitatis diuidatur, in partes diuiditur æ<lb/>queponderantes, quare in neutram partem inclinabit. <lb/></s>

<s id="id.000356">De&longs;cribet er<lb/>go circulum ex centro C, nem<lb/>pe BEF &longs;ecantem perpendicu<lb/>larem in duobus punctis oppo<lb/>&longs;itis BF, dico, pondus libe è di-<pb xlink:href="http://archimedes.fas.harvard.edu/images/007-00-pageimg/007.00.040.jpg"/>mi&longs;&longs;um in duobus tantum punctis &longs;uapte naturâ perman<lb/>&longs;urum, BF, in B, primò, quoniam cum corpus ip&longs;um A à <lb/>perpendiculari, quæ &longs;uperficiei loco intelligitur ABCD <lb/>per centrum grauitatis diuidatur, in partes diuiditur æ<lb/>queponderantes, quare in neutram partem inclinabit. <lb/></s>

<s id="id.000357">Stabit igitur erectum, lineæ ip&longs;i fultum, inflexibili BC, <lb/>quæ nititur puncto C. </s>

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<s id="id.000360">E&longs;t igitur re&longs;pectu B, ip&longs;um <lb/>punctum C, ful cimentum deor&longs;um, re&longs;pectu verò F, ful<lb/>cimentum &longs;ur&longs;um. </s>

<s id="id.000361">At quia linea DFCB, à centro mundi, <lb/>quod e&longs;t extra circulum, BEF, circulum ip&longs;um per cen<lb/>trum C &longs;ecat, erit pars eius DF quidem breui&longs;&longs;ima, ip&longs;a <lb/>verò DB longi&longs;&longs;ima, ex propo&longs;. </s>

<s id="id.000362">8. lib.

<s id="id.000363">Pondus igi<lb/>tur A conuer&longs;um &longs;eu liberè motum circa centrum C, in <lb/>duobus tantum locis perpendicularis lineæ &longs;tabit remo<lb/>ti&longs;&longs;imo altero, vt e&longs;t B, altero verò eidem quamproximo, <lb/>vt e&longs;t F. </s>

3. Elem. </s>

<s id="id.000364">Hoc idem egregiè demon&longs;trauit G. Vbald. in &longs;uis <lb/>Mechanicis, Tractatu de Libra prop.1.</s>

<s id="id.000363">Pondus igi<lb/>tur A conuer&longs;um &longs;eu liberè motum circa centrum C, in <lb/>duobus tantum locis perpendicularis lineæ &longs;tabit remo<lb/>ti&longs;&longs;imo altero, vt e&longs;t B, altero verò cidem quamproximo, <lb/>vt e&longs;t F. </s>

<s id="id.000364">Hoc idem egregiè demon&longs;trauit G. Vbald. in &longs;uis <lb/>Mechanicis, Tractatu de Libra prop.1.<gap/></s>

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<s id="id.000387">Sin autem tam parui momenti <lb/>&longs;it, vt eam re&longs;i&longs;tentiam non vincat, &longs;tante circa locum in<lb/>fimum centro C, non mouebitur aut &longs;altem parum, ip&longs;a <lb/>libra. </s>

<s id="id.000388">Hinc colligimus &longs;ieri po&longs;&longs;e, libras illas, quæ non <gap/><lb/>quouis, quantumuis paruo pondere declinant, cas fulci-<gap/><lb/>mentum habere &longs;ur&longs;um. </s>

<s id="id.000388">Hinc colligimus &longs;ieri po&longs;&longs;e, libras illas, quæ non <gap/><lb/>quouis, quantumuis paruo pondere declinant, eas fulci-<gap/><lb/>mentum habere &longs;ur&longs;um. </s>

<s id="id.000389">His ad dimus, cæteris paribus, re&longs;i&longs;tentiam eò e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>maiorem, quo minus grauitatis centrum di&longs;tat à fulci<lb/>mento &longs;ur&longs;um, circa quod ip&longs;a libra aduertitur. </s><figure id="id.007.00.044.1.jpg" xlink:href="http://archimedes.fas.harvard.edu/images/007-00-figures/007.00.044.1.jpg"></figure>

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<s id="id.000399">Maior autem DFC ex <lb/>iam citata propo&longs;. </s>

<s id="id.000400"><expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> DBC, erit igitur re&longs;iduum CFK, <lb/>multo minus re&longs;iduo FBI, &longs;ed recti &longs;unt CFH, FBG, ex <lb/>quibus &longs;i detrahantur CFK, FBI, erit re&longs;iduum KFH, <lb/>maius re&longs;iduo IBG, plus ergo retra hitur à perpendicula<lb/>ri po<gap/>dus de&longs;cendens per FK quàm per BI, minus igitur <lb/>præ<gap/>alebit re&longs;i&longs;tentiæ in C pondus appen&longs;um in F, quàm <lb/>&longs;i appendatur in B. quod fuerat demon&longs;trandum. </s>

<s id="id.000400"><expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> DBC, erit igitur re&longs;iduum CFK, <lb/>multo minus re&longs;iduo FBI, &longs;ed recti &longs;unt CFH, FBG, ex <lb/>quibus &longs;i detrahantur CFK, FBI, erit re&longs;iduum KFH, <lb/>maius re&longs;iduo IBG, plus ergo retrahitur à perpendicula<lb/>ri pondus de&longs;cendens per FK quàm per BI, minus igitur <lb/>præ<gap/>alebit re&longs;i&longs;tentiæ in C pondus appen&longs;um in F, quàm <lb/>&longs;i appendatur in B. quod fuerat demon&longs;trandum. </s>

<s id="id.000401">Po&longs;&longs;<gap/>mus & idem quoque aliter o&longs;tendere. </s>

<s id="id.000401">Po&longs;&longs;umus & idem quoque aliter o&longs;tendere. </s>

<s id="id.000402">Sint enim &longs;eor&longs;um duæ libræ, maior AB, mïnor EF, <lb/>quàm commune grauitatis centrum C, fulcimentum ve<lb/>rò &longs;ur&longs;um D. </s>

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<s id="id.000404">Sunt igitur duo <pb xlink:href="http://archimedes.fas.harvard.edu/images/007-00-pageimg/007.00.046.jpg"/><figure id="id.007.00.046.1.jpg" xlink:href="http://archimedes.fas.harvard.edu/images/007-00-figures/007.00.046.1.jpg"></figure><lb/>vectes DG, DH, quo<lb/>rum quidem commu<lb/>ne fulcimentum D, <lb/>pondus verò C, poten<lb/>tiæ vbi HG. </s>

<s id="id.000405">Sunt au<lb/>tem hi vectes cius na<lb/>turæ, in quibus <expan abbr="p&omacr;dus">pondus</expan> <lb/>e&longs;t inter fulcimentum <lb/>& potentiam, itaque <lb/>vt &longs;e habet DC, ad <lb/>DG, ita potentia in G <lb/>ad pondus in C, item vt DC ad DH ita potentia in H ad <lb/>idem pondus C, &longs;ed minor e&longs;t propo&longs;itio DC, ad DG <lb/>quàm DC ad DH. minor ergo potentia requiritur in G, <lb/>hoc e&longs;t, in B, quàm in H, hoc e&longs;t in F. </s>

<s id="id.000405">Sunt au<lb/>tem hi vectes eius na<lb/>turæ, in quibus <expan abbr="p&omacr;dus">pondus</expan> <lb/>e&longs;t inter fulcimentum <lb/>& potentiam, itaque <lb/>vt &longs;e habet DC, ad <lb/>DG, ita potentia in G <lb/>ad pondus in C, item vt DC ad DH ita potentia in H ad <lb/>idem pondus C, &longs;ed minor e&longs;t propo&longs;itio DC, ad DG <lb/>quàm DC ad DH. minor ergo potentia requiritur in G, <lb/>hoc e&longs;t, in B, quàm in H, hoc e&longs;t in F. </s>

<s id="id.000406">Data igitur ponderis <lb/>æqualitate faciliùs &longs;uperabitur re&longs;i&longs;tentia C in B, quàm <lb/>in F: quod o&longs;tendendum fuerat. </s>

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<s id="id.000412">Centrum igitur grauitatis E per <lb/>portionem EH, erit in H. </s>

<s id="id.000413">A&longs;cendit ergo centrum graui<lb/>tatis in H, hoc e&longs;t, &longs;ur&longs;um, id e&longs;t, contra cius naturam; a<lb/>moto igitur pondere ex C, grauitatis centrum extra per<lb/>pendicularem con&longs;titutum rur&longs;us de&longs;cendet, & iterum <lb/>libra ABC ad æquilibrium reuertetur. </s>

<s id="id.000413">A&longs;cendit ergo centrum graui<lb/>tatis in H, hoc e&longs;t, &longs;ur&longs;um, id e&longs;t, contra eius naturam; a<lb/>moto igitur pondere ex C, grauitatis centrum extra per<lb/>pendicularem con&longs;titutum rur&longs;us de&longs;cendet, & iterum <lb/>libra ABC ad æquilibrium reuertetur. </s>

<s id="id.000414">Hoc idem egre<lb/>giè o&longs;tendit G. Vbald. in tractatu de libra, propo&longs;. </s>

<s id="id.000414">Hoc idem egre<lb/>giè o&longs;tendit G. Vbald. in tractatu de libra, propo&longs;. 4. </s>

<s id="id.000416">Hinc ratio pendet earum imaguncularum, quas ex <lb/>contu&longs;a papyro ligneaue leui materia compingunt, per<lb/>queue manus earum ambas, ferreum filum trajicientes, v<lb/>trinque plumbea appendunt pondera æqualia, ea <expan abbr="quid&emacr;">quidem</expan> <lb/>lege, vt centrum grauitatis infra pedes imaguncula &longs;ta<lb/>tuatur. </s>

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<s id="id.000420">Itaque in<lb/>clinata imaguncula, & conuer&longs;a circa punctum <emph type="italics"/>B<emph.end type="italics"/>, &longs;i de-<pb xlink:href="http://archimedes.fas.harvard.edu/images/007-00-pageimg/007.00.048.jpg"/>clinet ad partes I, centrum grauitatis eleuabitur in F. </s>

<s id="id.000421">Si <lb/>verò ad partes H eleuabitur in G. quare cum FG loca <lb/>&longs;intremotiora à mundi centro, quàm &longs;it E, non &longs;tabit gra<lb/>uitatis centrum in punctis FG, &longs;ed ad infimum locum re<lb/>uertecur, hoc e&longs;t, in ip&longs;a perpendiculari in E, & imagun<lb/>cula ad perpendiculum ip&longs;i H<emph type="italics"/>B<emph.end type="italics"/>E filo, hoc e&longs;t, ip&longs;i hori<lb/>zonti reuertetur. </s>

<s id="id.000421">Si <lb/>verò ad partes H eleuabitur in G. quare cum FG loca <lb/>&longs;int remotiora à mundi centro, quàm &longs;it E, non &longs;tabit gra<lb/>uitatis centrum in punctis FG, &longs;ed ad infimum locum re<lb/>uertetur, hoc e&longs;t, in ip&longs;a perpendiculari in E, & imagun<lb/>cula ad perpendiculum ip&longs;i H<emph type="italics"/>B<emph.end type="italics"/>E filo, hoc e&longs;t, ip&longs;i hori<lb/>zonti reuertetur. </s>

<s id="id.000422">Hinc etiam Arictum, T e&longs;tudinun<gap/> queue demolito<lb/>riatum Machinarum vis pendet, nempe ex ratione libra<lb/>rum, quæ fulcimentum habent &longs;ur&longs;um. </s><figure id="id.007.00.048.1.jpg" xlink:href="http://archimedes.fas.harvard.edu/images/007-00-figures/007.00.048.1.jpg"></figure>

<s id="id.000422">Hinc etiam Arictum, Te&longs;tudinumqueue demolito<lb/>riatum Machinarum vis pendet, nempe ex ratione libra<lb/>rum, quæ fulcimentum habent &longs;ur&longs;um. </s><figure id="id.007.00.048.1.jpg" xlink:href="http://archimedes.fas.harvard.edu/images/007-00-figures/007.00.048.1.jpg"></figure>

<s id="id.000423">E&longs;to enim Aries A<emph type="italics"/>B<emph.end type="italics"/> <lb/>funi appen&longs;us CD, cu<lb/>ius grauitatis centrum, <lb/>D, perpendicularis verò <lb/>quæ ad mundi centrum <lb/>ip&longs;a CDE. </s>

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<s id="id.000427">Di<lb/>mi&longs;&longs;a itaque Machina centrum F vtpote graue, non &longs;tabit, <lb/>&longs;ed &longs;uapte naturâ reuertetur in D. </s>

<s id="id.000428">Quadruplici autem <lb/>de cau&longs;&longs;a motus Arietis violenti&longs;&longs;imus e&longs;t ex vi naturalis <lb/>ponderis, quo deor&longs;um fertur, tum velocitate naturalis <lb/>motus in de&longs;cendendo auctæ, tum ex vi pote<gap/> tiæ impel<lb/>lentis, & naturalem motum adiuuantis, tum ex velocita<lb/>te ex motu violento deor&longs;um & antror&longs;um impellente <lb/>acqui&longs;itâ. </s>

<s id="id.000428">Quadruplici autem <lb/>de cau&longs;&longs;a motus Arietis violenti&longs;&longs;imus e&longs;t ex vi naturalis <lb/>ponderis, quo deor&longs;um fertur, tum velocitate naturalis <lb/>motus in de&longs;cendendo auctæ, tum ex vi potentiæ impel<lb/>lentis, & naturalem motum adiuuantis, tum ex velocita<lb/>te ex motu violento deor&longs;um & antror&longs;um impellente <lb/>acqui&longs;itâ. </s>

<s id="id.000429">Id etiam addimus, eo validiores fore ictus, quò <lb/>grauior fuerit Machina, & maius &longs;patium, quo retrotra<pb xlink:href="http://archimedes.fas.harvard.edu/images/007-00-pageimg/007.00.049.jpg"/>hitur, grauitate ip&longs;a & &longs;patio tum virium vnione opera<gap/><lb/>tionem mirum in modum adiuuantibus. </s>

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<s id="id.000446">Apponatur pondus in B, de<lb/>clinabitque; puta ad GH, cen<lb/>trum verò C, ex &longs;tabili fulci<lb/>mento D, circuli portionem de&longs;cribet CI, libra autem <lb/>&longs;ecabit EF perpendicularem in K. Æquales autem &longs;unt <lb/>IG, IH, at ex parte HI de&longs;umpta e&longs;t KI, addita queue ip&longs;i <lb/>IG, maior e&longs;t ergo tota KG, torâ KH. </s>

<s id="id.000447">Non igitur KH <lb/>habet KG, &longs;ed libra, ni&longs;i impedita fuerit, cum centro C <lb/>de&longs;cendente per <gap/>in M, ad ip&longs;am perpendicularem dela<lb/>ta, ad in feriorem partem, mutatis vicibus quie&longs;cet, facto <lb/>nempe fulcimento &longs;ur&longs;um, fietque; horizonti æque di&longs;tans <lb/>iuxta po&longs;itionem LMN. </s>

<s id="id.000447">Non igitur KH <lb/>habet KG, &longs;ed libra, ni&longs;i impedita fuerit, cum centro C <lb/>de&longs;cendente per I in M, ad ip&longs;am perpendicularem dela<lb/>ta, ad in feriorem partem, mutatis vicibus quie&longs;cet, facto <lb/>nempe fulcimento &longs;ur&longs;um, fietque; horizonti æque di&longs;tans <lb/>iuxta po&longs;itionem LMN. </s>

<s id="id.000448">Demon&longs;tratio <expan abbr="quid&emacr;">quidem</expan> e&longs;t hæc, &longs;ed non ex proprijs prin<lb/>cipijs Mechanicis, <expan abbr="n&emacr;pe">nempe</expan> ex ratione <expan abbr="c&emacr;t">cent</expan><gap/>i grauitatis petitâ. <lb/></s>

<s id="id.000449">Ii&longs;dem enim &longs;tantibus, <expan abbr="c&umacr;">cum</expan> centrum grauitatis C fiat extra <lb/>perpendicularem, de&longs;cendens ad I, nun quam reuert<gap/> tur <lb/>in C, a&longs;cen deret enim; &longs;ed &longs;i liberè circa centrum D con<lb/>uerteretur, de&longs;cendens vt dictum e&longs;t per circulum CIM <lb/>pondus B, fieret in L, A vero in N adepta po&longs;itione <lb/>LMN. </s><pb xlink:href="http://archimedes.fas.harvard.edu/images/007-00-pageimg/007.00.051.jpg"/>

<s id="id.000449">Ii&longs;dem enim &longs;tantibus, <expan abbr="c&umacr;">cum</expan> centrum grauitatis C fiat extra <lb/>perpendicularem, de&longs;cendens ad I, nunquam reuertetur <lb/>in C, a&longs;cenderet enim; &longs;ed &longs;i liberè circa centrum D con<lb/>uerteretur, de&longs;cendens vt dictum e&longs;t per circulum CIM <lb/>pondus B, fieret in L, A vero in N adepta po&longs;itione <lb/>LMN. </s><pb xlink:href="http://archimedes.fas.harvard.edu/images/007-00-pageimg/007.00.051.jpg"/>

<s id="id.000450">Cur autem huius libræ, quæ aliàs inutilis e&longs;t, memi<lb/>nerit Philo&longs;ophus, ea videtur cau&longs;&longs;a, quòd inde vectis vir<lb/>tutem eliciat, vt &longs;uo loco videbimus. </s>

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<s id="id.000463">Dico eam <lb/>dimi&longs;&longs;am permanere, etenim cum grauitatis centrum &longs;it <lb/>in ip&longs;a perpendiculari, in neutram partem verget, &longs;ed nec <lb/>vergere pote&longs;t, quippe quod non circa fulcimentum ceu <lb/>centrum motus, moueatur grauitatis centrum, &longs;ed in ip&longs;o <lb/>&longs;it ful cimento; &longs;itum ergo non mutat. </s>

<s id="id.000464">Præterea cum per<lb/>pendicularis DCE per grauitatis centrum ducatur, cor<lb/>pus ip&longs;um ex ponderibus & libra con&longs;tans ab ea in partes <lb/>çque ponderantes &longs;ecatur, & ideo ex centri grauitatis dif<lb/>finitione, quam protulit Pappus, corpus ip&longs;um centro <lb/>grauitatis appen&longs;um, dum fertur quie&longs;cit, & &longs;eruat eam, <lb/>quam à principio habuit po&longs;ition<gap/>. </s>

<s id="id.000465">Et &longs;anè &longs;i partes quo<lb/>modo libet librâ per grauitatis centrum diuisâ, &longs;untæ<lb/>queponderantes nec trahent inuicem, nec trahentur, &longs;ta<lb/>bit ergo libra, & quam adepta fuerat po&longs;itionem, eam &longs;er<lb/>uabit. </s>

<s id="id.000466">Id tamen non negamus, difficile e&longs;&longs;e libras eiu&longs;ce<lb/>modi ex materia fabricare, quippe quod non omnia quæ <lb/>vera &longs;unt, & euidenti&longs;&longs;imis demon&longs;trationibus patent, <lb/>commodè ad praxim, ex artis & materiæ imperfectione, <lb/>reducuntur. </s>

<s id="id.000467">Cæterùm harum librarum ea e&longs;t virtus, vt vel mini<lb/>mo pondere altrin&longs;ecus appo&longs;ito, declinet; quod illis quæ <lb/>centrum &longs;u &longs;um habent, non euenire, demon&longs;trauimus. </s>

<s id="id.000467">Cæterùm harum librarum ea e&longs;t virtus, vt vel mini<lb/>mo pondere altrin&longs;ecus appo&longs;ito, declinet; quod illis quæ <lb/>centrum &longs;ur&longs;um habent, non euenire, demon&longs;trauimus. </s>

<s id="id.000468">Circa hæc po&longs;&longs;et cuipiam oriri Dubium, num chor<lb/>dulæ, quibus lances appenduntur, variationem aliquam <lb/>circa ea quæ demon&longs;trata &longs;unt, inducere valeant. </s>

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<s id="id.000475"><emph type="italics"/>Cur exiguæ vires (quod etiam à principio dixerat) vecte magna <lb/>mouent pondera, vectes in&longs;uper onus accipientes, cum facilius <lb/>&longs;it, minorem mouere grauitatem, minor est au<lb/>tem &longs;ine vecte?<emph.end type="italics"/></s>

<s id="id.000476">Ari&longs;toteles ita quæ&longs;tionem proponit, vt eam Rheto<lb/>rico quodam fuco admirabiliorem f<gap/>ciat. </s>

<s id="id.000476">Ari&longs;toteles ita quæ&longs;tionem proponit, vt eam Rheto<lb/>rico quodam fuco admirabiliorem faciat. </s>

<s id="id.000477">Soluit au<lb/>tem hoc pacto, <expan abbr="inqui&emacr;s">inquiens</expan>, fieri po&longs;&longs;e eam e&longs;&longs;e cau&longs;&longs;am, quod <lb/>vectis &longs;it libra, eius nempe generis quod fulcimentum ha<lb/>bet deor&longs;um, atque id circo in ip&longs;a pre&longs;&longs;ione in partes in<lb/>æquales vectem diuidi. </s><pb xlink:href="http://archimedes.fas.harvard.edu/images/007-00-pageimg/007.00.054.jpg"/><figure id="id.007.00.054.1.jpg" xlink:href="http://archimedes.fas.harvard.edu/images/007-00-figures/007.00.054.1.jpg"></figure>

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<s id="id.000489">Videtur autem ip&longs;e quoque Ari&longs;toteles non &longs;ibi <lb/>pror&longs;us in a&longs;&longs;ignata ratione &longs;atis feci&longs;&longs;e, & ideo &longs;ubiungit: <lb/>quoniam ab æquali pondere celerius mouetur maior ca<lb/>rum quæ à centro &longs;unt duo verò pondera; quod mouet & <pb xlink:href="http://archimedes.fas.harvard.edu/images/007-00-pageimg/007.00.055.jpg"/>quod mouetur, quod igitur motum pondus ad mouens <lb/>longitudo patitur ad longitudinem, &longs;emper autem <expan abbr="quã-tum">quan<lb/>tum</expan> ab hypomochlio (id e&longs;t, fulcimento) di&longs;tabit magis, <lb/>tanto facilius mouebit. </s>

<s id="id.000490">Cau&longs;&longs;a autem <gap/>, quæ retro com<lb/>memorata e&longs;t, quoniam quæ plus à centro di&longs;tat <expan abbr="maior&emacr;">maiorem</expan> <lb/>de&longs;cribit circulum. </s>

<s id="id.000490">Cau&longs;&longs;a autem est, quæ retro com<lb/>memorata e&longs;t, quoniam quæ plus à centro di&longs;tat <expan abbr="maior&emacr;">maiorem</expan> <lb/>de&longs;cribit circulum. </s>

<s id="id.000491">quare ab eadem potentia plus &longs;upera<lb/>biturid quod mouetur, quæ plus à fulcimento di&longs;&longs;at. </s>

<s id="id.000491">quare ab eadem potentia plus &longs;upera<lb/>bitur id quod mouetur, quæ plus à fulcimento di&longs;tat. </s>

<s id="id.000492">H&ucedil;c <lb/>ille, qui a&longs;&longs;erit duo pondera in vecte con&longs;iderari, Pondus <lb/>nempe motum, & mouentem Potentiam (hanc enim <expan abbr="p&omacr;-deris">pon<lb/>deris</expan> habere vim <expan abbr="atq;">atque</expan> rationem certum e&longs;t) Vires autem <lb/>potentiam acquirere ex brachij longitudine, & ex inde <lb/>con&longs;equenti velocitate, quo enim brachia longiora, eo <lb/>in extremitate velociora, atque idcirco ita &longs;e habere mo<lb/>tum pondus ad potentiam mouentem, vt brachij longi<lb/>tudo ad brachij longitudinem: brachia autem vocamus, <lb/>partes illas vectis, quæ à fulcimento ad vtranque vectis <lb/>extremitatem pertingunt, & ideo quantum à fulcimento <lb/>potentia di&longs;tabit magis, eo faciliùs pondus mouebit. </s>

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<s id="id.000503">At brachia in ip&longs;o æquilibrio &longs;u&longs;tinent actu quidem, <lb/>&longs;ed non mouentur. </s>

<s id="id.000504">Cæterum videtur A riftoteles id &longs;ub<lb/>odora&longs;&longs;e, quod po&longs;tea Archimedes, Mechanicorum prin<lb/>ceps, in propo&longs;. </s>

<s id="id.000504">Cæterum videtur Ari&longs;toteles id &longs;ub<lb/>odora&longs;&longs;e, quod po&longs;tea Archimedes, Mechanicorum prin<lb/>ceps, in propo&longs;. </s>

<s id="id.000505">6. primi Æqueponderantium explicitè <lb/>protulit & probauit: nempe in æquilibrio ita e&longs;&longs;e pondus <lb/>ad pondus, vt brachium ad brachium, ratione permutata. </s><figure id="id.007.00.056.1.jpg" xlink:href="http://archimedes.fas.harvard.edu/images/007-00-figures/007.00.056.1.jpg"></figure>

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<s id="id.000543">Ibi enim nauem <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e lati&longs;&longs;imam. </s>

<s id="id.000544">Moueri autem nauim, quoniam <expan abbr="appell&emacr;-te">appellen<lb/>te</expan> mariremo, <expan abbr="extrem&umacr;">extremum</expan> illius quod intus e&longs;t anterius pro<lb/>mouctur, cuius motum nauis &longs;equitur, cui &longs;calmus alliga<lb/>tur. </s>

<s id="id.000544">Moueri autem nauim, quoniam <expan abbr="appell&emacr;-te">appellen<lb/>te</expan> mari remo, <expan abbr="extrem&umacr;">extremum</expan> illius quod intus e&longs;t anterius pro<lb/>mouetur, cuius motum nauis &longs;equitur, cui &longs;calmus alliga<lb/>tur. </s>

<s id="id.000545">Vbiautem plurimum maris diuidit remus, eo maximè <lb/>nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;&longs;e propelli. </s>

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<s id="id.000551">Contra autem remiad <lb/>proram, nempe EF pars minor EG <pb xlink:href="http://archimedes.fas.harvard.edu/images/007-00-pageimg/007.00.060.jpg"/>intra nauim, pars verò maior GF extra nauim e&longs;t. </s>

<s id="id.000552">Pondus <lb/>autem cò faciliùs mouctur, quo maior e&longs;t vectis pars, quæ <lb/>à fulcimento e&longs;t ad mouentem potentiam. </s>

<s id="id.000552">Pondus <lb/>autem eò faciliùs mouetur, quo maior e&longs;t vectis pars, quæ <lb/>à fulcimento e&longs;t ad mouentem potentiam. </s>

<s id="id.000553">Acutè &longs;anè Philo&longs;ophus. </s>

<s id="id.000554">Ego autem &longs;i per mode&longs;tiam <lb/>liceret, dicerem, non quidem e&longs;&longs;e fulcimentum <expan abbr="&longs;calm&umacr;">&longs;calmum</expan>, <lb/>&longs;ed mare ip&longs;um, pondus vero nauim, ad locum &longs;calmi, <expan abbr="n&emacr;-pe">nen<lb/>pe</expan> inter mouentem potentiam, & fulcimentum po&longs;itum, <lb/>etenim & eo pacto po&longs;&longs;umus vti vecte, quod ob&longs;eruat & <lb/>demon&longs;trat G. Vbaldus tractatu de vecte propo&longs;. </s>

<s id="id.000554">Ego autem &longs;i per mode&longs;tiam <lb/>liceret, dicerem, non quidem e&longs;&longs;e fulcimentum <expan abbr="&longs;calm&umacr;">&longs;calmum</expan>, <lb/>&longs;ed mare ip&longs;um, pondus vero nauim, ad locum &longs;calmi, <expan abbr="n&emacr;-pe">nem<lb/>pe</expan> inter mouentem potentiam, & fulcimentum po&longs;itum, <lb/>etenim & eo pacto po&longs;&longs;umus vti vecte, quod ob&longs;eruat & <lb/>demon&longs;trat G. Vbaldus tractatu de vecte propo&longs;. </s>

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<s id="id.000561">Addimus, fal&longs;um videri quod a&longs;&longs;erit Ari&longs;toteles, <lb/>nempeillos qui in media naui &longs;unt, remiges, maximè na<lb/>uim mouere; facilius, melius dixi&longs;&longs;et. </s>

<s id="id.000562">Si enim maximè, <lb/>quod ait, denorat, maximo &longs;patio, & velocius pror&longs;us fal<lb/>&longs;um, etenim tardius mouent & minori &longs;patio, quod nos i<lb/>ta demon&longs;tramus. </s><pb xlink:href="http://archimedes.fas.harvard.edu/images/007-00-pageimg/007.00.061.jpg"/><figure id="id.007.00.061.1.jpg" xlink:href="http://archimedes.fas.harvard.edu/images/007-00-figures/007.00.061.1.jpg"></figure>

<s id="id.000562">Si enim maximè, <lb/>quod ait, denotat, maximo &longs;patio, & velocius pror&longs;us fal<lb/>&longs;um, etenim tardius mouent & minori &longs;patio, quod nos i<lb/>ta demon&longs;tramus. </s><pb xlink:href="http://archimedes.fas.harvard.edu/images/007-00-pageimg/007.00.061.jpg"/><figure id="id.007.00.061.1.jpg" xlink:href="http://archimedes.fas.harvard.edu/images/007-00-figures/007.00.061.1.jpg"></figure>

<s id="id.000563">E&longs;to enim Remus AB <lb/>qui marí fulcitur in B, Scal<lb/>mus remi qui ad <expan abbr="prorã">proram</expan> pup<lb/>pimue C, qui in media naui <lb/>D, maior autem remi pars <lb/>e&longs;t à &longs;calmo Dad A quami<lb/>p&longs;ius C 2d A, Pellantur remi & &longs;tante ceu centro BA, in <lb/>E. eodem igitur tempore C eritin F, & D in G, &longs;ed maiu<gap/><lb/>e&longs;t &longs;patium CF &longs;patio DG, Ergo vnica impul&longs;ione, plus <lb/>mouit &longs;calmum, hoc e&longs;t, nauim, potentia ad puppim pro<lb/>ramue remigans, quàm ea quæ operatur in media naui vt <lb/>&longs;entire vid<gap/>batur (&longs;i modo is e&longs;t eius &longs;en&longs;us) Ari&longs;toteles. <lb/></s>

<s id="id.000563">E&longs;to enim Remus AB <lb/>qui marí fulcitur in B, Scal<lb/>mus remi qui ad <expan abbr="prorã">proram</expan> pup<lb/>pimue C, qui in media naui <lb/>D, maior autem remi pars <lb/>e&longs;t à &longs;calmo Dad A quam i<lb/>p&longs;ius C 2d A, Pellantur remi & &longs;tante ceu centro BA, in <lb/>E. eodem igitur tempore C eritin F, & D in G, &longs;ed maius <lb/>e&longs;t &longs;patium CF &longs;patio DG, Ergo vnica impul&longs;ione, plus <lb/>mouit &longs;calmum, hoc e&longs;t, nauim, potentia ad puppim pro<lb/>ramue remigans, quàm ea quæ operatur in media naui vt <lb/>&longs;entire videbatur (&longs;i modo is e&longs;t eius &longs;en&longs;us) Ari&longs;toteles. <lb/></s>

<s id="id.000564">Nece&longs;&longs;arium igitur e&longs;t, quodait, maximè intelligendum, <lb/>faciliùs, Veritatem hanc cogno&longs;centes Triremium præ<lb/>fecti robu&longs;tiores quidem remiges ad proram & puppim, <lb/>inualidiores vcrò circa mediam triremem collocant. </s>

<s id="id.000564">Nece&longs;&longs;arium igitur e&longs;t, quod ait, maximè intelligendum, <lb/>faciliùs, Veritatem hanc cogno&longs;centes Triremium præ<lb/>fecti robu&longs;tiores quidem remiges ad proram & puppim, <lb/>inualidiores verò circa mediam triremem collocant. </s>

</subchap1><subchap1>

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<s id="id.000571">illud autem &longs;equitur <lb/>nauis quæ illi e&longs;t alligata & remus quidem &longs;ecundum la<lb/>titudinem onus propellens & ab eodem repul&longs;us in re-<pb xlink:href="http://archimedes.fas.harvard.edu/images/007-00-pageimg/007.00.062.jpg"/>ctum propellit, Gubernaculum verò, vt obliquum iacet <lb/>hinc inde in obliquum motionem facit. </s>

<s id="id.000572">in extremo <expan abbr="aut&emacr;">autem</expan>, <lb/>non in medio iacet, quoniam mouenti fa cillimum e&longs;t mo<lb/>tum moucre: prima enim pars celerrimè fertur, & quo<lb/>niam, quemadmodum in ijs quæ feruntur in fine deficit <lb/>latio, &longs;ic ip&longs;ius continui in finem, imbecillima e&longs;t latio. <lb/></s>

<s id="id.000572">in extremo <expan abbr="aut&emacr;">autem</expan>, <lb/>non in medio iacet, quoniam mouenti facillimum e&longs;t mo<lb/>tum mouere: prima enim pars celerrimè fertur, & quo<lb/>niam, quemadmodum in ijs quæ feruntur in fine deficit <lb/>latio, &longs;ic ip&longs;ius continui in finem, imbecillima e&longs;t latio. <lb/></s>

<s id="id.000573">Imbecillima autem ad expellendum e&longs;t facilis. </s>

<s id="id.000574">Propter <lb/>hæc igitur in puppi gubernaculum ponitur, nec minus, <lb/>quoniam paruaibi motione facta, multo maior fit in vlti<lb/>mo, quia æqualis angulus &longs;emper maiorem ad&longs;pectat, <expan abbr="tã-to">tan<lb/>to</expan> queue magis, quanto maiores fuerint illæ, quæ continent. <lb/></s>

<s id="id.000575">Exijs ctiam manife&longs;tum e&longs;t, quam ob cau&longs;&longs;am magis in <lb/>contrarium procedit nauigium, quam remi ip&longs;ius palmu<lb/>la, eadem enim magnitudo ij&longs;dem mota viribus in aëre <lb/>plus quàm in aqua progreditur. </s>

<s id="id.000575">Ex ijs etiam manife&longs;tum e&longs;t, quam ob cau&longs;&longs;am magis in <lb/>contrarium procedit nauigium, quam remi ip&longs;ius palmu<lb/>la, eadem enim magnitudo ij&longs;dem mota viribus in aëre <lb/>plus quàm in aqua progreditur. </s>

<s id="id.000576">Hæc Philo&longs;ophus, qui <lb/>haudquaquam ex more &longs;uo, quod duobus ferè poterat, <lb/>&longs;excentis verbis expo&longs;uit. </s>

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<s id="id.000583">Hæc <pb xlink:href="http://archimedes.fas.harvard.edu/images/007-00-pageimg/007.00.063.jpg"/>demon&longs;tratio licet vera videatur, rei ta men, de qua e&longs;t <lb/>&longs;ermo, minimè aptatur. </s>

<s id="id.000584">Si enim aptaretur in ip&longs;ius remi <lb/>motu, cum palmula e&longs;&longs;et in F, &longs;calmus ficret in G, excur<lb/>reretergo vel &longs;calmus per remum, vel remus per <expan abbr="&longs;calm&umacr;">&longs;calmum</expan>, <lb/>facta nempe ciu&longs;modi translatione de C in G, & &longs;ic intra <lb/>nauim modo e&longs;&longs;et pars remi DC, modò verò GD, quod <lb/>tamen non &longs;ieri ipsâ experientia docemur. </s>

<s id="id.000584">Si enim aptaretur in ip&longs;ius remi <lb/>motu, cum palmula e&longs;&longs;et in F, &longs;calmus ficret in G, excur<lb/>reret ergo vel &longs;calmus per remum, vel remus per <expan abbr="&longs;calm&umacr;">&longs;calmum</expan>, <lb/>facta nempe eiu&longs;modi translatione de C in G, & &longs;ic intra <lb/>nauim modo e&longs;&longs;et pars remi DC, modò verò GD, quod <lb/>tamen non fieri ipsâ experientia docemur. </s>

<s id="id.000585">Illud quoque <lb/>fal&longs;um e&longs;t, nauim ip&longs;am tantum moueri in aëre, quantum <lb/>e&longs;t &longs;patium AD, hoc e&longs;t, remi extremum quod e&longs;t in naui, <lb/>&longs;iquidem &longs;calmi motu, non autem manubrij remi, nauis <lb/>agatur. </s>

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<s id="id.000587">Sit remus AB, cuíus <lb/>manubrium A, palmula <lb/>B, &longs;calmus C. </s>

<s id="id.000588">Pellatur an<lb/>tror&longs;us A, fiatque; in D, tunc <lb/>&longs;i æqualiter mouerentur <lb/>manubrium & palmula, i<lb/>p&longs;a palmula ficret in G, at <lb/>minus mouetur: fiet ergo <lb/>in E. ip&longs;e verò &longs;calmus C <lb/>translatus erit in F, motaque; erit nauis à C in F, non autem <lb/>ab A in D. </s>

<s id="id.000588">Pellatur an<lb/>tror&longs;us A, fiatque; in D, tunc <lb/>&longs;i æqualiter mouerentur <lb/>manubrium & palmula, i<lb/>p&longs;a palmula fieret in G, at <lb/>minus mouetur: fiet ergo <lb/>in E. ip&longs;e verò &longs;calmus C <lb/>translatus erit in F, motaque; erit nauis à C in F, non autem <lb/>ab A in D. </s>

<s id="id.000589">P o&longs;uitautem Ari&longs;toteles &longs;calmum ad medium <lb/>remi, &longs;ed non ad medium collocari &longs;olet, maior enim pars <lb/>in mare propendet puta HB, quo ca&longs;u translationis &longs;pa<lb/>tium fit maius, nempe ab H in I. fit autem motus &longs;calmi ex <lb/>centris qui &longs;unt in &longs;patio ip&longs;o BE, quatenus autem ad te<lb/>monem pertinet, quem remum ait, obliquè puppim ip&longs;am <lb/>propellentem, ita &longs;e res habet. </s>

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<s id="id.000604">Illud quoque nota<lb/>mus, carinam in nauis conuer&longs;ione vectis in&longs;tar &longs;e habere, <lb/>cuius pars mota ad puppim, & mouens potentia e&longs;t; fulci<lb/>mentum verò circa proram, potentia autem mouens ma<lb/>reip&longs;um, temonem in nauis cur&longs;u oblique feriens. </s>

<s id="id.000605">Vnde <lb/>colligimus naues, quo longiores &longs;unt in mouente ad Te<lb/>monem adhibita maiori facilitate ad dextram &longs;ini&longs;tram<lb/>ue propelli: quod &longs;anè ip&longs;emet con&longs;iderauit Ari&longs;toteles, <lb/>quì idcirco inquir, in extremo, non autem in medio temo<lb/>nem poni eo quod mouenti facilimum &longs;it ab extremo <lb/>motum mouere. </s>

<s id="id.000605">Vnde <lb/>colligimus naues, quo longiores &longs;unt in mouente ad Te<lb/>monem adhibita maiori facilitate ad dextram &longs;ini&longs;tram<lb/>ue propelli: quod &longs;anè ip&longs;emet con&longs;iderauit Ari&longs;toteles, <lb/>quì idcirco inquit, in extremo, non autem in medio temo<lb/>nem poni eo quod mouenti facilimum &longs;it ab extremo <lb/>motum mouere. </s>

<s id="id.000606">Ex hac no&longs;trâ &longs;peculatione ratio habetur eius ma-<pb xlink:href="http://archimedes.fas.harvard.edu/images/007-00-pageimg/007.00.066.jpg"/>chinationis, quâ in magnis fluminibus, ceu Pado, Abdua <lb/>& &longs;imilibus, Portitores, equos, currus, viatore&longs;que; ip&longs;os, è <lb/>ripa in ripam transferunt. </s>

<s id="id.000607">Pulcherrima enim res e&longs;t, & <lb/>nobis per&longs;pecti&longs;&longs;ima, qui Gua&longs;tallâ re&longs;identiæ olim no<lb/>&longs;træ oppido ad Padum, Mantuam pergentes &longs;æpi&longs;&longs;imè ad <lb/>Ca&longs;trum B<gap/>rgi Iu&longs;is ea qua diximus machinatione lati&longs;<lb/>&longs;imum eiu&longs;dem Padi aluum tran&longs;ie cimus. </s>

<s id="id.000607">Pulcherrima enim res e&longs;t, & <lb/>nobis per&longs;pecti&longs;&longs;ima, qui Gua&longs;tallâ re&longs;identiæ olim no<lb/>&longs;træ oppido ad Padum, Mantuam pergentes &longs;æpi&longs;&longs;imè ad <lb/>Ca&longs;trum Borgi Iu&longs;is ea qua diximus machinatione lati&longs;<lb/>&longs;imum eiu&longs;dem Padi aluum tran&longs;iecimus. </s>

<s id="id.000608">Habet autem <lb/>&longs;e hoc pacto. </s><figure id="id.007.00.066.1.jpg" xlink:href="http://archimedes.fas.harvard.edu/images/007-00-figures/007.00.066.1.jpg"></figure>

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<s id="id.000611">Vnde iterum temone in contrariam partem conuer&longs;o, <lb/>aquâ &longs;imiliter temonem propellente, per eandem circuli <lb/>portionem ad ripam citeriorem reuertitur, à qua paullo <lb/>antè di&longs;ce&longs;&longs;erat. </s>

<s id="id.000612">Ex quibus apparet, motus cau&longs;&longs;am non <pb xlink:href="http://archimedes.fas.harvard.edu/images/007-00-pageimg/007.00.067.jpg"/>e&longs;&longs;e &longs;olam cam, quæ ab ala temonis fit, aquæ <expan abbr="percu&longs;&longs;ion&emacr;">percu&longs;&longs;ionem</expan>, <lb/>vt &longs;en&longs;erat Ari&longs;toteles, &longs;ed currentis a quæ temonis alam <lb/>ferientis impul&longs;ion<gap/>m: nihil autem referre, vtrum &longs;tante <lb/>naui a qua currat, vel câ currente a qua &longs;tet, vt in mari fit, <lb/>idem enim vtroque modo temo patitur. </s>

<s id="id.000612">Ex quibus apparet, motus cau&longs;&longs;am non <pb xlink:href="http://archimedes.fas.harvard.edu/images/007-00-pageimg/007.00.067.jpg"/>e&longs;&longs;e &longs;olam cam, quæ ab ala temonis fit, aquæ <expan abbr="percu&longs;&longs;ion&emacr;">percu&longs;&longs;ionem</expan>, <lb/>vt &longs;en&longs;erat Ari&longs;toteles, &longs;ed currentis a quæ temonis alam <lb/>ferientis impul&longs;ionem: nihil autem referre, vtrum &longs;tante <lb/>naui a qua currat, vel câ currente a qua &longs;tet, vt in mari fit, <lb/>idem enim vtroque modo temo patitur. </s>

<s id="id.000613">Vt autem machi<lb/>næ huius & totius negotij &longs;pecies facilius animo concipia<lb/>tur, &longs;chema hoc &longs;tudio &longs;orum oculis &longs;ubijciemus. </s><figure id="id.007.00.067.1.jpg" xlink:href="http://archimedes.fas.harvard.edu/images/007-00-figures/007.00.067.1.jpg"></figure>

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<s id="id.000615">Huic &longs;peculationi affinis e&longs;t ea, velorum eorum, <lb/>quæ obliquè ventum, excipientia frumentarijs molis <lb/>dant motum, item verticillorum ex papyro, quibus con<lb/>tra ventum currentes per lu&longs;um pueri vtuntur. </s>

<s id="id.000616">vnicum <pb xlink:href="http://archimedes.fas.harvard.edu/images/007-00-pageimg/007.00.068.jpg"/>enim horum emnium principium, & eadem, ratio. </s>

<s id="id.000616">vnicum <pb xlink:href="http://archimedes.fas.harvard.edu/images/007-00-pageimg/007.00.068.jpg"/>enim horum omnium principium, & eadem, ratio. </s>

<s id="id.000617">Diximus enim, Temonem currente naui, lateraliter <lb/>conuer&longs;um obuios fluctus ex cipientem puppim ip&longs;am ob<lb/>liquè in alteram partem transferre. </s>

<s id="id.000618">Porrò ea vela, de qui<lb/>bus loquimur, ventorum flatibus obliquè oppo&longs;ita can<lb/>dem ob cau&longs;&longs;am circulariter agitantur, quodvt figurâ eui<lb/>dentius fiat, </s><figure id="id.007.00.068.1.jpg" xlink:href="http://archimedes.fas.harvard.edu/images/007-00-figures/007.00.068.1.jpg"></figure>

<s id="id.000618">Porrò ea vela, de qui<lb/>bus loquimur, ventorum flatibus obliquè oppo&longs;ita ean<lb/>dem ob cau&longs;&longs;am circulariter agitantur, quod vt figurâ eui<lb/>dentius fiat, </s><figure id="id.007.00.068.1.jpg" xlink:href="http://archimedes.fas.harvard.edu/images/007-00-figures/007.00.068.1.jpg"></figure>

<s id="id.000619">E&longs;to velum AB, brachio <lb/>CE obliquè affixum, ita vt <lb/>angulus ACE maior &longs;it an<lb/>gulo BCE, ventus obliquè <lb/>velum feriens FG. <expan abbr="Itaq;">Itaque</expan> quo<lb/>niam ventus in velum obli<lb/>quum incidit, elabitur velum, <lb/>& circa centrum E vnà cum <lb/>brachio circumuertitur, in <lb/>cuius locum &longs;uccedit velum <lb/>HI, ex qua a&longs;&longs;idua velorum <lb/>&longs;ucce&longs;&longs;ione, brachiorum & a<lb/>xis cui adhærent, rotatio fit <lb/>perpetua. </s>

<s id="id.000620">quum incidit, elabitur velum, <lb/>& circa centrum E vnà cum <lb/>brachio circumuertitur, in <lb/>cuius locum &longs;uccedit velum <lb/>HI, ex qua a&longs;&longs;idua velorum <lb/>&longs;ucce&longs;&longs;ione, brachiorum & a<lb/>xis cui adhærent, rotatio fit <lb/>perpetua. </s>

<s id="id.000621">Sed enim de Te<lb/>mone agentes non e&longs;t interim cur de caudis auium pi&longs;ci<lb/>umque taceamus, in&longs;tar enim remonum &longs;unt à Naturai<lb/>p&longs;a opportunis animalium partibus, po&longs;tremis videlicet, <lb/>appo&longs;iti, quanquam nec&longs;olum Temonis v&longs;um præ&longs;tent, <lb/>vt videbimus. </s>

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<s id="id.000625">Omnis enim motus progre&longs;&longs;i<lb/>uus quiete indiget, nec <expan abbr="ab&longs;q;">ab&longs;que</expan> &longs;tabili fulcimento progredi <pb xlink:href="http://archimedes.fas.harvard.edu/images/007-00-pageimg/007.00.069.jpg"/><figure id="id.007.00.069.1.jpg" xlink:href="http://archimedes.fas.harvard.edu/images/007-00-figures/007.00.069.1.jpg"></figure><lb/>pote&longs;t, quod in libris de ani<lb/>malium ince&longs;&longs;u docet ip&longs;e<lb/>met Philo&longs;ophus. </s>

<s id="id.000626">Sit igitur, <lb/>pi&longs;cem conuerti velle, & fie<lb/>ri capite in D, deflectet illi<lb/>co caudam in E, caque; aquam <lb/>ceu &longs;tabile quippiam <expan abbr="feri&emacr;s">feriens</expan> <lb/>eiqueue quod<gap/>mmodo fultus, <lb/>reliquum corpus CA refle<lb/>ctet in D, &longs;i autem conuerti <lb/>velit in F, caudam defle ctet in G, & eadem ratione <gap/> cte<lb/>tur in F. </s>

<s id="id.000626">Sit igitur, <lb/>pi&longs;cem conuerti velle, & fie<lb/>ri capite in D, deflectet illi<lb/>co caudam in E, caque; aquam <lb/>ceu &longs;tabile quippiam <expan abbr="feri&emacr;s">feriens</expan> <lb/>eiqueue quoddammodo fultus, <lb/>reliquum corpus CA refle<lb/>ctet in D, &longs;i autem conuerti <lb/>velit in F, caudam defle ctet in G, & eadem ratione <gap/> cte<lb/>tur in F. </s>

<s id="id.000627">Sed & Temonis quoque v&longs;um præ&longs;tat natatili<lb/>bus & volatilibus cauda. </s>

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<s id="id.000635">quæ &longs;ic figurâ explicamus. </s><pb xlink:href="http://archimedes.fas.harvard.edu/images/007-00-pageimg/007.00.070.jpg"/><figure id="id.007.00.070.1.jpg" xlink:href="http://archimedes.fas.harvard.edu/images/007-00-figures/007.00.070.1.jpg"></figure>

<s id="id.000636">E&longs;to nauis AB, malus CD, <lb/>mali &longs;edes D, locus antennæ <lb/>&longs;ublimior C, depre&longs;&longs;ior E: ita<lb/>que quoniam CD vectis e&longs;t, <lb/>quo mouens remotior fuerit à <lb/>fulcimento D, co citiùs & vio<lb/>lentiùs pellet, velocius ergo <lb/>nauis mouebitur antenna in <lb/>C, quàm in E, con&longs;tituta. </s>

<s id="id.000636">E&longs;to nauis AB, malus CD, <lb/>mali &longs;edes D, locus antennæ <lb/>&longs;ublimior C, depre&longs;&longs;ior E: ita<lb/>que quoniam CD vectis e&longs;t, <lb/>quo mouens remotior fuerit à <lb/>fulcimento D, eo citiùs & vio<lb/>lentiùs pellet, velocius ergo <lb/>nauis mouebitur antenna in <lb/>C, quàm in E, con&longs;tituta. </s>

<s id="id.000637">Plau&longs;ibilia &longs;unt hæc, at certè per veritatem ip&longs;am, <lb/>non vera. </s>

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<s id="id.000646">Videmus enim, & turres <lb/>quo &longs;ublimiores fuerint, eo magis à ventorum impetuo&longs;is <lb/>flatibus infe&longs;tari, quod &longs;anè ad vectis longitudinem refer<lb/>re, e&longs;&longs;et ridiculum. </s>

<s id="id.000647">Cætcrùm quod ad puppis faciliorem <lb/>eleuationem ex mali ip&longs;ius altitudine pertinet, ad vectis <pb xlink:href="http://archimedes.fas.harvard.edu/images/007-00-pageimg/007.00.071.jpg"/>contemplationem reducimus. </s>

<s id="id.000647">Cæterùm quod ad puppis faciliorem <lb/>eleuationem ex mali ip&longs;ius altitudine pertinet, ad vectis <pb xlink:href="http://archimedes.fas.harvard.edu/images/007-00-pageimg/007.00.071.jpg"/>contemplationem reducimus. </s>

<s id="id.000648">e&longs;t enim quæ dam vectium <lb/>&longs;pecies ab alijs non con&longs;iderata, cuius brachia in angu<lb/>lum de&longs;inunt, vtip&longs;e angulus in operatione &longs;it fulcimen<lb/>tum. </s><figure id="id.007.00.071.1.jpg" xlink:href="http://archimedes.fas.harvard.edu/images/007-00-figures/007.00.071.1.jpg"></figure>

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<s id="id.000660">In malleo itaque &longs;ubtili, vt in <lb/>figura videre e&longs;t, AB vectis e&longs;t pars quæ à fulcimento ad <lb/>potentiam; ac verò quæ à fulcimento ad pondus, ponderi <pb xlink:href="http://archimedes.fas.harvard.edu/images/007-00-pageimg/007.00.072.jpg"/><figure id="id.007.00.072.1.jpg" xlink:href="http://archimedes.fas.harvard.edu/images/007-00-figures/007.00.072.1.jpg"></figure><lb/>&longs;iquidem æquiparatur re&longs;i<lb/>&longs;tentia quae fit in C. </s>

<s id="id.000661">I dem ob<lb/>&longs;eruamus in forcipe, in quo <lb/>duo quidem brachia AD, <lb/>CB, quatenus ad appren&longs;io<lb/>nem pertinet, fulcimentum, <lb/>habent in ip&longs;o <expan abbr="c&emacr;tro">centro</expan> &longs;eu ver<lb/>rebra, & ideo quo longiores <lb/>fuerint, eo tenaciùs appre<lb/>hendunt & retinent. </s>

<s id="id.000661">I dem ob<lb/>&longs;eruamus in forcipe, in quo <lb/>duo quidem brachia AD, <lb/>CB, quatenus ad appren&longs;io<lb/>nem pertinet, fulcimentum, <lb/>habent in ip&longs;o <expan abbr="c&emacr;tro">centro</expan> &longs;eu ver<lb/>tebra, & ideo quo longiores <lb/>fuerint, eo tenaciùs appre<lb/>hendunt & retinent. </s>

<s id="id.000662">quate<lb/>nus autem ad extractionem, <lb/>facit, pro vnico forceps totus habetur vecte, cuius <expan abbr="quid&emacr;">quidem</expan> <lb/>pars à potentia ad fulcimentum AB. quæ verò à <expan abbr="fulcim&emacr;-to">fulcimen<lb/>to</expan> ad hoc e&longs;t clauum ip&longs;um qui reuellitur AC. </s>

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<s id="id.000666">E&longs;to enim nauis AB; cuius <lb/>malus CD: prora A: puppis B; <expan abbr="v&emacr;-to">ven<lb/>to</expan> igitur velum impellente, <expan abbr="mal&umacr;">malum</expan> <lb/>ad partem contrariam vergit, pu<lb/>ta in FD. </s>

<s id="id.000667">At <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> ca<gap/>che&longs;ium <lb/>funi ad puppim vnitur in B, nauim, <lb/>hoc e&longs;t, ip&longs;am puppim trahatne<pb xlink:href="http://archimedes.fas.harvard.edu/images/007-00-pageimg/007.00.073.jpg"/>ce&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t. </s>

<s id="id.000667">At <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> catche&longs;ium <lb/>funi ad puppim vnitur in B, nauim, <lb/>hoc e&longs;t, ip&longs;am puppim trahat ne<pb xlink:href="http://archimedes.fas.harvard.edu/images/007-00-pageimg/007.00.073.jpg"/>ce&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t. </s>

<s id="id.000668">non pote&longs;t autem; quoniam &longs;uburræ grauitas & <lb/>onera, quæ naui impo&longs;ita inter D. & <emph type="italics"/>B.<emph.end type="italics"/> grauitatis centrum <lb/>circa punctum E con&longs;tituunt, quod quidem vi ventorum <lb/>inclinante malo ab E, in G eleuaretur, quo igitur minor <lb/>fuerit proportio CD ad DE & maius pondus ip&longs;um cu<lb/>ius grauitatis centrum in E minus præualebit potentia <lb/>pellens in C ad eleu<gap/>tionem partis nauigij, quæ à mali &longs;e<lb/>de ad puppim intercedit, An igitur malus &longs;it vectis, pesve<lb/>rò fulcimentum, pondus autem quodvecte mouetur, <expan abbr="ips&umacr;">ipsum</expan> <lb/>nauigium, vt placuit Ari&longs;toteli, & qua item ratione malus <lb/>in nauim vt vectis operetur, exijs quae dicta &longs;unt, facilè pa<lb/>tet. </s>

<s id="id.000668">non pote&longs;t autem; quoniam &longs;uburræ grauitas & <lb/>onera, quæ naui impo&longs;ita inter D. & <emph type="italics"/>B.<emph.end type="italics"/> grauitatis centrum <lb/>circa punctum E con&longs;tituunt, quod quidem vi ventorum <lb/>inclinante malo ab E, in G eleuaretur, quo igitur minor <lb/>fuerit proportio CD ad DE & maius pondus ip&longs;um cu<lb/>ius grauitatis centrum in E minus præualebit potentia <lb/>pellens in C ad eleuationem partis nauigij, quæ à mali &longs;e<lb/>de ad puppim intercedit, An igitur malus &longs;it vectis, pes ve<lb/>rò fulcimentum, pondus autem quod vecte mouetur, <expan abbr="ips&umacr;">ipsum</expan> <lb/>nauigium, vt placuit Ari&longs;toteli, & qua item ratione malus <lb/>in nauim vt vectis operetur, exijs quae dicta &longs;unt, facilè pa<lb/>tet. </s>

</subchap1><subchap1>

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<s id="id.000669">QVÆSTIO VII.</s>

<s id="id.000670"><emph type="italics"/>Quaritur, Cur quando ex puppi nauigare voluerint, non flante ex <lb/>puppi vento, veli quidem partem, quæ ad gubernatorem vergit, <lb/>con&longs;tringunt; illam verò quæ proram ver&longs;us e&longs;t, pedem <lb/>facientes, relaxant?<emph.end type="italics"/></s>

<s id="id.000670"><emph type="italics"/>Quæritur, Cur quando ex puppi nauigare voluerint, non flante ex <lb/>puppi vento, veli quidem partem, quæ ad gubernatorem vergit, <lb/>con&longs;tringunt; illam verò quæ proram ver&longs;us e&longs;t, pedem <lb/>facientes, relaxant?<emph.end type="italics"/></s>

<s id="id.000671">Mirabilis huius effectionis cau&longs;&longs;am explicat Ari&longs;tote<lb/>les. </s>

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<s id="id.000677">E&longs;to nauis A <emph type="italics"/>B<emph.end type="italics"/>, cuius prora A, puppis verò D, guber<lb/>naculum C<emph type="italics"/>B<emph.end type="italics"/>, temonis ala <emph type="italics"/>B<emph.end type="italics"/>D, veli &longs;inus EF, velum vero <lb/>ita con&longs;titutum, vt directè ex puppi flantem ventum exci-<pb xlink:href="http://archimedes.fas.harvard.edu/images/007-00-pageimg/007.00.074.jpg"/><figure id="id.007.00.074.1.jpg" xlink:href="http://archimedes.fas.harvard.edu/images/007-00-figures/007.00.074.1.jpg"></figure><lb/>piat. </s>

<s id="id.000678">Hoc vbi euenerit, naui<lb/>gium, rectâ è puppi mouetur <lb/>in proram; Si autem ventus la<lb/>teraliter &longs;pirat, puta à parte <lb/>G ver&longs;us H & nihilo &longs;ecius na<lb/>uigium, ac &longs;i ventus ex pup<lb/>pi e&longs;&longs;et antror&longs;um propelle<lb/>re volunt, velum quidem obli<lb/>quant partem cius infimam, <lb/>pedem nempe, quæ e&longs;t in F <lb/>contrahentes, Cornu verò <lb/>antennæ vbi E, proram ver&longs;us <lb/>laxantes ventumque; ip&longs;um obliquè ex cipientesid <expan abbr="effici&umacr;t">efficiunt</expan>, <lb/>vt ventus minus violenter feriat, & minori &longs;ui parte <expan abbr="vel&umacr;">velum</expan> <lb/>impleat, & quoniam ventus velum pellit in partem con<lb/>trariam, nempe in H, ip&longs;ivt vento re&longs;i&longs;tant conuer&longs;o gu<lb/>bernaculo ex C in L, & temone <emph type="italics"/>B<emph.end type="italics"/>D, in <emph type="italics"/>B<emph.end type="italics"/>M compellunt <lb/>proram ad partem à qua ventu<gap/> ip&longs;e &longs;pirat. </s>

<s id="id.000678">Hoc vbi euenerit, naui<lb/>gium, rectâ è puppi mouetur <lb/>in proram; Si autem ventus la<lb/>teraliter &longs;pirat, puta à parte <lb/>G ver&longs;us H & nihilo &longs;ecius na<lb/>uigium, ac &longs;i ventus ex pup<lb/>pi e&longs;&longs;et antror&longs;um propelle<lb/>re volunt, velum quidem obli<lb/>quant partem eius infimam, <lb/>pedem nempe, quæ e&longs;t in F <lb/>contrahentes, Cornu verò <lb/>antennæ vbi E, proram ver&longs;us <lb/>laxantes ventumque; ip&longs;um obliquè excipientes id <expan abbr="effici&umacr;t">efficiunt</expan>, <lb/>vt ventus minus violenter feriat, & minori &longs;ui parte <expan abbr="vel&umacr;">velum</expan> <lb/>impleat, & quoniam ventus velum pellit in partem con<lb/>trariam, nempe in H, ip&longs;i vt vento re&longs;i&longs;tant conuer&longs;o gu<lb/>bernaculo ex C in L, & temone <emph type="italics"/>B<emph.end type="italics"/>D, in <emph type="italics"/>B<emph.end type="italics"/>M compellunt <lb/>proram ad partem à qua ventu<gap/> ip&longs;e &longs;pirat. </s>

<s id="id.000679">Sit igitur inter <lb/>ventum & temonem pugna, illo proram in dextram, hoc <lb/>verò eandem in &longs;ini&longs;tram pellente, <expan abbr="itaq;">itaque</expan> cum neuter præ<lb/>ualeat, nece&longs;&longs;ario nauis mediam viam, quæ inter <expan abbr="vtramq;">vtramque</expan> <lb/>e&longs;t, &longs;uo cur&longs;u tenet. </s>

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<s id="id.000698">Nos igitur, ad Ari&longs;totelis mentem, <lb/>primam rotationis &longs;peciem, quæ e&longs;t &longs;ecundum ab&longs;idem, <lb/>examinabimus. </s><figure id="id.007.00.076.1.jpg" xlink:href="http://archimedes.fas.harvard.edu/images/007-00-figures/007.00.076.1.jpg"></figure>

<s id="id.000699">E&longs;to rota &longs;phæ<lb/>raue AB, cuius cen<lb/>trum C; Horizontis <lb/>planum DE; conta<lb/>ctus circuli in plano <lb/>B. <expan abbr="perp&emacr;">perpem</expan> dicularis ho<lb/>rizonti à puncto <expan abbr="c&omacr;-tactus">con<lb/>tactus</expan> B ip&longs;a <emph type="italics"/>B<emph.end type="italics"/>CA, <lb/>tran&longs;iens per <expan abbr="centr&umacr;">centrum</expan> <lb/>C, partes rotæ circa <lb/>perpendicularem AF<emph type="italics"/>B<emph.end type="italics"/>, AG<emph type="italics"/>B<emph.end type="italics"/>, angulus contactus G<emph type="italics"/>B<emph.end type="italics"/>E. <lb/></s>

<s id="id.000699">E&longs;to rota &longs;phæ<lb/>raue AB, cuius cen<lb/>trum C; Horizontis <lb/>planum DE; conta<lb/>ctus circuli in plano <lb/>B. <expan abbr="perp&emacr;dicularis">perpendicularis</expan> ho<lb/>rizonti à puncto <expan abbr="c&omacr;-tactus">con<lb/>tactus</expan> B ip&longs;a <emph type="italics"/>B<emph.end type="italics"/>CA, <lb/>tran&longs;iens per <expan abbr="centr&umacr;">centrum</expan> <lb/>C, partes rotæ circa <lb/>perpendicularem AF<emph type="italics"/>B<emph.end type="italics"/>, AG<emph type="italics"/>B<emph.end type="italics"/>, angulus contactus G<emph type="italics"/>B<emph.end type="italics"/>E. <lb/></s>

<s id="id.000700">Primo itaque id con&longs;tat, circulum in puncto planum, &longs;eu <lb/>lineam contingere. </s>

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<s id="id.000702">Angulum porro, quem à <lb/>terra &longs;emotum dicit, ip&longs;e angulus e&longs;t contingentiae. </s>

<s id="id.000703">cleua<pb xlink:href="http://archimedes.fas.harvard.edu/images/007-00-pageimg/007.00.077.jpg"/>tur enim ex <emph type="italics"/>B<emph.end type="italics"/> in G. </s>

<s id="id.000703">eleua<pb xlink:href="http://archimedes.fas.harvard.edu/images/007-00-pageimg/007.00.077.jpg"/>tur enim ex <emph type="italics"/>B<emph.end type="italics"/> in G. </s>

<s id="id.000704">Si autem corpus quodpiam in plano <lb/>fuerit, puta HI in puncto illud tanget ci culus ei occur<lb/>rens, exempli gratiâ in K. </s>

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<s id="id.000706">In lateratis autem &longs;ecus fit, quippe quænec in <expan abbr="p&umacr;-cto">pun<lb/>cto</expan> &longs;eu &longs;ecundum paruam &longs;ui partem, planum tangunt, <lb/>nec &longs;emotum vt circulus à plano habent angulum, nec <lb/>impingentes offen diculum in puncto tangunt. </s>

<s id="id.000707">Cæterùm <lb/>poti&longs;&longs;imam facilitatis motus in rotatione quæ fit &longs;ecun<lb/>dum ab&longs;idem, e&longs;&longs;e cau&longs;&longs;am dixit, nempe quò nutat pon<lb/>dus cò à mouente impelli ac moueri. </s>

<s id="id.000708">Primò igitu circu<lb/>laris &longs;phæricaue figura in æquilibrio &longs;tat; æquales enim <lb/>&longs;unt partes quæ circa perpendicularem: ceu &longs;unt AF<emph type="italics"/>B<emph.end type="italics"/>, <lb/>AG<emph type="italics"/>B.<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;i enim impul&longs;us fiat ex parte F, pars oppo&longs;ita nuta<lb/>bit, & propendet in pa<gap/>tem G, & &longs;uo nutu motuque; &longs;ecum <lb/>trahet partem AF<emph type="italics"/>B<emph.end type="italics"/>, fietqueue progre&longs;&longs;us. </s>

<s id="id.000708">Primò igitur circu<lb/>laris &longs;phæricaue figura in æquilibrio &longs;tat; æquales enim <lb/>&longs;unt partes quæ circa perpendicularem: ceu &longs;unt AF<emph type="italics"/>B<emph.end type="italics"/>, <lb/>AG<emph type="italics"/>B.<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;i enim impul&longs;us fiat ex parte F, pars oppo&longs;ita nuta<lb/>bit, & propendet in partem G, & &longs;uo nutu motuque; &longs;ecum <lb/>trahet partem AF<emph type="italics"/>B<emph.end type="italics"/>, fietqueue progre&longs;&longs;us. </s>

<s id="id.000709">Si enim ducatur <lb/>FCG diameter, ip&longs;i horizonti æ que di&longs;tans, erit veluti li<lb/>bra, cuius pondera vtrinque AF<emph type="italics"/>B<emph.end type="italics"/>, AG<emph type="italics"/>B<emph.end type="italics"/>, brachia verò <lb/>æqualia CF, CG. </s>

<s id="id.000710">Potentia autem quâ trahitur pellitur<lb/>ue ad in&longs;tar ponderis &longs;e habet, quo addito partium alteri, <lb/>facto queue rece&longs;&longs;u ab æquilibrio, &longs;equetur motus. </s>

<s id="id.000711">Putauêre <lb/>quidam, vt refert Philo&longs;ophus, <expan abbr="circular&emacr;">circularem</expan> lineam, ita per<lb/>peti motu ver&longs;atumiri, vt manentia, propte<gap/> contrarium <lb/>nixum, manent, neque enim circulus in plano contrarium <lb/>nixum habet, cum &longs;it, veluti dicebamus, in æquilibrio & <lb/>facilis in vtramuis partem moueri. </s>

<s id="id.000711">Putauêre <lb/>quidam, vt refert Philo&longs;ophus, <expan abbr="circular&emacr;">circularem</expan> lineam, ita per<lb/>peti motu ver&longs;atum iri, vt manentia, propter contrarium <lb/>nixum, manent, neque enim circulus in plano contrarium <lb/>nixum habet, cum &longs;it, veluti dicebamus, in æquilibrio & <lb/>facilis in vtramuis partem moueri. </s>

<s id="id.000712">Veruntamen perpe<lb/>tuum e&longs;&longs;e non po&longs;&longs;e horum corporum motum, ea e&longs;t cau&longs;<lb/>&longs;a, quod violentum accidat naturæ, & ideo non durabile. <lb/></s>

<s id="id.000713">Ad hæc, addit Philo&longs;ophus, Maiores circulos ad minores <lb/>nutum habere <expan abbr="qu&emacr;dam">quendam</expan>; & nutum maioris ad minoris nu<lb/>tum, &longs;e habere vt angulos ad angulos, & <expan abbr="diametr&umacr;">diametrum</expan> ad dia<lb/>metrum. </s>

<s id="id.000714">Angulos autem hî c&longs;ectores ip&longs;os vocat; oportet <lb/>enim circulos tum maiores tum minores circa idein cen<lb/>trum e&longs;&longs;e con&longs;titutos. </s>

<s id="id.000714">Angulos autem hîc &longs;ectores ip&longs;os vocat; oportet <lb/>enim circulos tum maiores tum minores circa idem cen<lb/>trum e&longs;&longs;e con&longs;titutos. </s>

<s id="id.000715">Hæc autem non ab&longs;imili ab eo <lb/>quod &longs;uprà po&longs;uimus &longs;chemate explicantur. </s><pb xlink:href="http://archimedes.fas.harvard.edu/images/007-00-pageimg/007.00.078.jpg"/><figure id="id.007.00.078.1.jpg" xlink:href="http://archimedes.fas.harvard.edu/images/007-00-figures/007.00.078.1.jpg"></figure>

<s id="id.000716">E&longs;to enim circulus <lb/>AB circa centrum, C, <lb/>Horizontis planum DE, <lb/>tangens circulum in B, <lb/>linea verò perpendicu<lb/>laris per centrum BCA. <lb/></s>

<s id="id.000717">Sit autem circa idem <expan abbr="c&emacr;-trum">cen<lb/>trum</expan> C, minor circulus <lb/>FG, ducatur queue CH &longs;e<lb/>cu<gap/> minorem circulum in I, tangens verò maiorem in H, <lb/>con&longs;tituen&longs;queue cum AC linea angulum ACH, duos an<lb/>gulos, ex Ari&longs;totelis mente comprehendentem, hoc e&longs;t, <lb/>duos &longs;ectores ACH, FCI. quoniam igitur &longs;ector &longs;eu an<lb/>gulus ACH, &longs;uo &longs;patio &longs;uperat angulum &longs;eu &longs;ectorem <lb/>FGI, facilè ex nutu quem maior &longs;upra minorem habet, <lb/>maior ip&longs;e mìnorem mouet. </s>

<s id="id.000717">Sit autem circa idem <expan abbr="c&emacr;-trum">cen<lb/>trum</expan> C, minor circulus <lb/>FG, ducatur queue CH &longs;e<lb/>cus minorem circulum in I, tangens verò maiorem in H, <lb/>con&longs;tituen&longs;queue cum AC linea angulum ACH, duos an<lb/>gulos, ex Ari&longs;totelis mente comprehendentem, hoc e&longs;t, <lb/>duos &longs;ectores ACH, FCI. quoniam igitur &longs;ector &longs;eu an<lb/>gulus ACH, &longs;uo &longs;patio &longs;uperat angulum &longs;eu &longs;ectorem <lb/>FGI, facilè ex nutu quem maior &longs;upra minorem habet, <lb/>maior ip&longs;e mìnorem mouet. </s>

<s id="id.000718">Videtur autem tacitè Philo<lb/>&longs;ophus hæc ad vectis naturam referre, cuius altera extre<lb/>mitatum in centro &longs;it, altera verò in ab &longs;ide, & ita &longs;e habe<lb/>renutum maioris &longs;upra minorem, vt vectis ad vectem, hoc <lb/>e&longs;t, &longs;emid<gap/>ameter ad &longs;emidiametrum, &longs;eu &longs;ector ad &longs;ecto<lb/>rem, quos quidem &longs;ectores, vt vidimus, angulos appellat. <lb/></s>

<s id="id.000718">Videtur autem tacitè Philo<lb/>&longs;ophus hæc ad vectis naturam referre, cuius altera extre<lb/>mitatum in centro &longs;it, altera verò in ab &longs;ide, & ita &longs;e habe<lb/>re nutum maioris &longs;upra minorem, vt vectis ad vectem, hoc <lb/>e&longs;t, &longs;emidiameter ad &longs;emidiametrum, &longs;eu &longs;ector ad &longs;ecto<lb/>rem, quos quidem &longs;ectores, vt vidimus, angulos appellat. <lb/></s>

<s id="id.000719">Hæc autem quæ de nutu refert, licet &longs;ubtilia &longs;int, vera e&longs;<lb/>&longs;e non videntur. </s>

<s id="id.000720">Si enim in figura producatur ad oppo&longs;i<lb/>tam partem &longs;emidiameter HC in K &longs;ecans minorem cir<lb/>culum in L, duos alios &longs;ectores angulosue habebimus, <expan abbr="n&emacr;-pe">nen<lb/>pe</expan> KCB, LCG, ip&longs;is ACHFCI æ quales. </s>

<s id="id.000720">Si enim in figura producatur ad oppo&longs;i<lb/>tam partem &longs;emidiameter HC in K &longs;ecans minorem cir<lb/>culum in L, duos alios &longs;ectores angulosue habebimus, <expan abbr="n&emacr;-pe">nem<lb/>pe</expan> KCB, LCG, ip&longs;is ACHFCI æquales. </s>

<s id="id.000721"><expan abbr="Itaq;">Itaque</expan> quan<lb/>tum adiuuat motum anguli ACH maioris nutus, in de<lb/>&longs;cendendo ad partes B, tantundem retardat anguli item <lb/>maioris KCB, contra nutus (vtita appellem) in <expan abbr="a&longs;cend&emacr;-do">a&longs;cenden<lb/>do</expan> ad partes A. & &longs;anè quatenus ad reinaturam pertinet <lb/>& ad ip&longs;um æquilibrium, non differunt maiores circuli à <lb/>minoribus, nec &longs;unt maiores minoribus mobiliores, imo <lb/>ex ali quaratione minores videntur fore ad motum faci<pb xlink:href="http://archimedes.fas.harvard.edu/images/007-00-pageimg/007.00.079.jpg"/>liores, tum quia data materiæ æqualitate &longs;unt leuiores, <lb/>tum etiam quod maior e&longs;t angulus contactus ad planuin <lb/>circum ferentiae minoris quàm maioris circuli, vt in &longs;ubie<lb/><figure id="id.007.00.079.1.jpg" xlink:href="http://archimedes.fas.harvard.edu/images/007-00-figures/007.00.079.1.jpg"></figure><lb/>cta figura angulus ABC maior <lb/>e&longs;t angulo DBC, in materiali i<lb/>gitur circulo rotaue maiore &longs;ui <lb/>parte tanget planum DB circu<lb/>lus, ip&longs;o AB. quicquid tamen fit, <lb/>mobiliores &longs;unt maiores circuli <lb/>non quidem ex natura circuli, <lb/>quæ tam in maioribus quàm in <lb/>ip&longs;is minoribus e&longs;t par, &longs;ed alijs de cau&longs;&longs;is, quas &longs;uo loco <lb/>examin abimus. </s>

<s id="id.000721"><expan abbr="Itaq;">Itaque</expan> quan<lb/>tum adiuuat motum anguli ACH maioris nutus, in de<lb/>&longs;cendendo ad partes B, tantundem retardat anguli item <lb/>maioris KCB, contra nutus (vt ita appellem) in <expan abbr="a&longs;cend&emacr;-do">a&longs;cenden<lb/>do</expan> ad partes A. & &longs;anè quatenus ad rei naturam pertinet <lb/>& ad ip&longs;um æquilibrium, non differunt maiores circuli à <lb/>minoribus, nec &longs;unt maiores minoribus mobiliores, imo <lb/>ex aliqua ratione minores videntur fore ad motum faci<pb xlink:href="http://archimedes.fas.harvard.edu/images/007-00-pageimg/007.00.079.jpg"/>liores, tum quia data materiæ æqualitate &longs;unt leuiores, <lb/>tum etiam quod maior e&longs;t angulus contactus ad planum <lb/>circumferentiae minoris quàm maioris circuli, vt in &longs;ubie<lb/><figure id="id.007.00.079.1.jpg" xlink:href="http://archimedes.fas.harvard.edu/images/007-00-figures/007.00.079.1.jpg"></figure><lb/>cta figura angulus ABC maior <lb/>e&longs;t angulo DBC, in materiali i<lb/>gitur circulo rotaue maiore &longs;ui <lb/>parte tanget planum DB circu<lb/>lus, ip&longs;o AB. quicquid tamen fit, <lb/>mobiliores &longs;unt maiores circuli <lb/>non quidem ex natura circuli, <lb/>quæ tam in maioribus quàm in <lb/>ip&longs;is minoribus e&longs;t par, &longs;ed alijs de cau&longs;&longs;is, quas &longs;uo loco <lb/>examinabimus. </s>

<s id="id.000722">Cæterùm vt aliquid de motu qui &longs;e cundum ab&longs;idem <lb/>fit, ex no&longs;tro penu promamus, Dicimus, Circulos, rota&longs;ue, <lb/>quæ hoc pacto mouentur, vel per horizontis planum mo<lb/>ueri, vel per accliue, aut decliue. </s>

<s id="id.000723">Siautem perhorizontis <lb/>planum, ideo facilem e&longs;&longs;e motum, quòd nunquam, cæte<lb/>ris paribus, centrum grauitatis ip&longs;ius corporis à centro <lb/>mundi, in ip&longs;a rotatione, fiat remotius. </s><figure id="id.007.00.079.2.jpg" xlink:href="http://archimedes.fas.harvard.edu/images/007-00-figures/007.00.079.2.jpg"></figure>

<s id="id.000724">E&longs;to enim planum, <lb/>horizontis AB, cui circu<lb/>lus in&longs;i&longs;tat AD, circa cen<lb/>trum C, diui&longs;us per <expan abbr="centr&umacr;">centrum</expan> <lb/>ip&longs;um à perpendiculari <lb/>ACD; Ducatur autem per <lb/>centrum C recta linea ho<lb/>rizonti æquidi&longs;tans, ECFG: dum diuidatur circulus vt<lb/><gap/>unque in partes AH, HF, FI, ID, & CI, CH iungan<lb/>tur. </s>

<s id="id.000724">E&longs;to enim planum, <lb/>horizontis AB, cui circu<lb/>lus in&longs;i&longs;tat AD, circa cen<lb/>trum C, diui&longs;us per <expan abbr="centr&umacr;">centrum</expan> <lb/>ip&longs;um à perpendiculari <lb/>ACD; Ducatur autem per <lb/>centrum C recta linea ho<lb/>rizonti æquidi&longs;tans, ECFG: dum diuidatur circulus vt<lb/>cunque in partes AH, HF, FI, ID, & CI, CH iungan<lb/>tur. </s>

<s id="id.000725">Po&longs;thæc intelligatur circulum &longs;ecundum ab&longs;idem <lb/>moueri ad partes G, erit igitur aliquando punctum H, <lb/>rangens horizontis planum, tangat autem in K, tum F in <pb xlink:href="http://archimedes.fas.harvard.edu/images/007-00-pageimg/007.00.080.jpg"/>L, I in N. D verò in O. </s>

<s id="id.000725">Po&longs;thæc intelligatur circulum &longs;ecundum ab&longs;idem <lb/>moueri ad partes G, erit igitur aliquando punctum H, <lb/>tangens horizontis planum, tangat autem in K, tum F in <pb xlink:href="http://archimedes.fas.harvard.edu/images/007-00-pageimg/007.00.080.jpg"/>L, I in N. D verò in O. </s>

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<s id="id.000727">Centrum ergo circuli, quod idem & grauitatis e&longs;t <expan abbr="centr&umacr;">centrum</expan>, <lb/>feretur per rectam CPQRS, &longs;unt enim KP, LQ, NR, <lb/>OS ip&longs;i AC &longs;emidiam etro æquales, <expan abbr="n&umacr;quam">nunquam</expan> igitur cen<lb/>trum ip&longs;um C in circuli rotatione ab horizontis plano e<lb/>leuabitur, nec à mundi centro fietremotius. </s>

<s id="id.000728">Hoc autem longè aliter cæteris figuris contingit, <lb/>quarum motus ideo in æ qualis, quòd non &longs;em per in rota<lb/>tione centium grauitatis eandem &longs;eruet à mundi centro <lb/>di&longs;tantiam. </s><figure id="id.007.00.080.1.jpg" xlink:href="http://archimedes.fas.harvard.edu/images/007-00-figures/007.00.080.1.jpg"></figure>

<s id="id.000728">Hoc autem longè aliter cæteris figuris contingit, <lb/>quarum motus ideo in æqualis, quòd non &longs;emper in rota<lb/>tione centrum grauitatis eandem &longs;eruet à mundi centro <lb/>di&longs;tantiam. </s><figure id="id.007.00.080.1.jpg" xlink:href="http://archimedes.fas.harvard.edu/images/007-00-figures/007.00.080.1.jpg"></figure>

<s id="id.000729">E&longs;to enim Ellip&longs;is <lb/>ABCD, cuius <expan abbr="c&emacr;trum">centrum</expan> <lb/>E, diameter longior <lb/>BED, breuior AEC, <lb/>Horizontis planum, <lb/>FCG. locus contactus <lb/>C perpendicularis à <lb/>contactu per centrum i<lb/>p&longs;a CEA diuidens El<lb/>lip&longs;im in partes æquales, & æqueponderantes ABC, <lb/>ADC. </s>

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<s id="id.000731">Rotetur ellip&longs;is &longs;ecun dum ab&longs;i<lb/>dem, fiet igitur punctum H in K, & à puncto K horizonti <lb/>perpendicularis erigatur KL, quæ fiat æ qualis EH. </s>

<s id="id.000732">P o&longs;t <lb/>hæc punctum I eritin M, & ab M perpen dicularis, æqua<lb/>lis EI. rui&longs;us D fiat in O, & ip&longs;i ED, æqualis perpendicu<lb/>laris OP. </s>

<s id="id.000732">P o&longs;t <lb/>hæc punctum I erit in M, & ab M perpendicularis, æqua<lb/>lis EI. rur&longs;us D fiat in O, & ip&longs;i ED, æqualis perpendicu<lb/>laris OP. </s>

<s id="id.000733">Mota igitur ellip&longs;ià C in K, haud ita difficilis e<lb/>rit motus, quippe quod haud multum EH &longs;uperet EC, at <lb/>difficilior erit translatio in M, difficillima verò in O. Val<gap/><lb/>de enim à &longs;itu E, ibi attollitur grauitatis centrum, a&longs;cen<lb/>dens nempe vbi P. </s>

<s id="id.000733">Mota igitur ellip&longs;ià C in K, haud ita difficilis e<lb/>rit motus, quippe quod haud multum EH &longs;uperet EC, at <lb/>difficilior erit translatio in M, difficillima verò in O. Val<lb/>de enim à &longs;itu E, ibi attollitur grauitatis centrum, a&longs;cen<lb/>dens nempe vbi P. </s>

<s id="id.000734">Videmus igitur ex his eandem poten<pb xlink:href="http://archimedes.fas.harvard.edu/images/007-00-pageimg/007.00.081.jpg"/>tiam in mouendo ellip&longs;im, haud pariter &longs;e habere, vt in <lb/>mouendo circulum. </s>

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<s id="id.000749">Dimi&longs;&longs;a igitur <lb/>rota, contingit quidem planum decliue in puncto D. </s>

<s id="id.000750">At <lb/>centrum grauitatis premit &longs;e cun dam per lineam perpen<lb/>dicularem FG, non &longs;u&longs;tentatur autem in H, quippe quod <lb/>inter planum & circum <expan abbr="ferentiã">ferentiam</expan> intercedat &longs;patium HG, <lb/>nec H locum habeat cui innitatur, corpus autem ita per <lb/>lineam DI e&longs;t diui&longs;um, vt longè maior &longs;it pars IFCHD <lb/>ip&longs;a DI, & centrum in ea parte eadat quæ non fulcitur. </s>

<s id="id.000750">At <lb/>centrum grauitatis premit &longs;ecundam per lineam perpen<lb/>dicularem FG, non &longs;u&longs;tentatur autem in H, quippe quod <lb/>inter planum & circum <expan abbr="ferentiã">ferentiam</expan> intercedat &longs;patium HG, <lb/>nec H locum habeat cui innitatur, corpus autem ita per <lb/>lineam DI e&longs;t diui&longs;um, vt longè maior &longs;it pars IFCHD <lb/>ip&longs;a DI, & centrum in ea parte cadat quæ non fulcitur. </s>

<s id="id.000752">taque &longs;uopte nutu, cum extra ful cimentum &longs;it D & per<lb/>pendicularem DI ad inferiores partes rapidè rotans de<lb/>labitur. </s>

<s id="id.000751">i<lb/>taque &longs;uopte nutu, cum extra fulcimentum &longs;it D & per<lb/>pendicularem DI ad inferiores partes rapidè rotans de<lb/>labitur. </s>

<s id="id.000753">Ducatur autem perpen dicularis GL, parallela <lb/>MN, & quoniam BN breuior e&longs;t BL, erit MN ip&longs;a GL <lb/>breuior. </s>

<s id="id.000754">E&longs;t igitur punctum M mundi centro propius <lb/>quàm D & G, quare eò non impedita rota ip&longs;a &longs;uo nutu <lb/>feretur, nec&longs;tabit donec in fimum <expan abbr="loc&umacr;">locum</expan> vbi quie&longs;catnan. <lb/></s>

<s id="id.000754">E&longs;t igitur punctum M mundi centro propius <lb/>quàm D & G, quare eò non impedita rota ip&longs;a &longs;uo nutu <lb/>feretur, nec &longs;tabit donec in fimum <expan abbr="loc&umacr;">locum</expan> vbi quie&longs;cat nan<lb/>ci&longs;catur. </s>

<s id="id.000755">ci&longs;catur. </s>

<s id="id.000756">Po&longs;&longs;umus etiam Rota &longs;phæraue in plano decliui <lb/>collocata, datam potentiam inuenire, quæ extremitati <lb/>diametri ad eam partem quavergit applicata ip&longs;am rotam <lb/>&longs;phæramue impediatne delabatur. </s><pb xlink:href="http://archimedes.fas.harvard.edu/images/007-00-pageimg/007.00.083.jpg"/><figure id="id.007.00.083.1.jpg" xlink:href="http://archimedes.fas.harvard.edu/images/007-00-figures/007.00.083.1.jpg"></figure>

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<s id="id.000759">Ducatur per C ip&longs;i hori<lb/>zonti perpendiculatis FCG <lb/>circulum <expan abbr="&longs;ecãs">&longs;ecans</expan> in G tum per <lb/>E ip&longs;i CG perpendicularis, ip&longs;i verò BF horizonti æ qui<lb/>di&longs;tans HEI ceu vectis, cuius fulcimentum I re&longs;pondens <lb/>ip&longs;i C, pondus verò in E, vbi grauitatis e&longs;t centrum. </s>

<s id="id.000760">Ap<lb/>plicata igitur potentia in H erit pondus inter fulcimen<lb/>tum & potentiam, quare vt IE ad IH ita potentla &longs;u&longs;ti<lb/>nens in H ad pondus in E, quod demon&longs;trandum fuerat. </s>

<s id="id.000760">Ap<lb/>plicata igitur potentia in H erit pondus inter fulcimen<lb/>tum & potentiam, quare vt IE ad IH ita potentia &longs;u&longs;ti<lb/>nens in H ad pondus in E, quod demon&longs;trandum fuerat. </s>

<s id="id.000761">Quippiam &longs;imile o&longs;ten dit Pappus 1. 8. prop.

9. alijs <lb/>tamen &longs;uppo&longs;itis & con&longs;ideratis. </s>

<s id="id.000761">Quippiam &longs;imile o&longs;tendit Pappus 1. 8. prop. 9. alijs <lb/>tamen &longs;uppo&longs;itis & con&longs;ideratis. </s>

<s id="id.000762">Dico præterea, ij&longs;dem <lb/>&longs;tantibus angulum ECI æqualem e&longs;&longs;e angulo inclinatio<lb/>nis CBF. </s>

<s id="id.000763">Producatur HI concurrens cum ip&longs;a AB in K, <lb/>concurret autem propterea, quod CIK rectus &longs;it, ICA <lb/>minorrecto, & quoniam HK parallela e&longs;t horizonti BF <lb/>alterni anguli IKC, CBF, æquales erunt. </s>

<s id="id.000764">Similes autem <lb/>&longs;unt ECI, ECK, trianguli, e&longs;tqueue ECI angulus æqualis <lb/>angulo EKC, hoc e&longs;t, ip&longs;i CBF. vnde &longs;equitur, quo mi<lb/>nor fuerit inclinationis angulus, eo facilius rotam &longs;phæ<lb/>ramue in piano inclinato &longs;u&longs;tineri. </s>

<s id="id.000765">quo enim minor fuerit <lb/>angulus ECI, eo minus latus EI & minor proportio EI <lb/>ad IH, & ideo minor potentia &longs;u&longs;tinens requiratur in H. <lb/></s>

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<s id="id.000818">Tum fiant VX, XY, YZ, Z<foreign lang="greek">a</foreign> æ quales ip&longs;is EG, <lb/>G<emph type="italics"/>H<emph.end type="italics"/>, <emph type="italics"/>H<emph.end type="italics"/>I, IF, & per puncta X, Y, Z, <foreign lang="greek">a</foreign> & paralleli ip&longs;i ST du<lb/>cantur <foreign lang="greek">o a p, n *z c, l g m, k x q</foreign>, tum & his ex altera parte re<lb/>&longs;pondentes parallelæ per puncta <foreign lang="greek">b, g, d, e. </foreign></s>

<s id="id.000819">Sit autem <foreign lang="greek">o a</foreign> æ<lb/>qualis AF, <foreign lang="greek">a</foreign> <11> æqualis FD, item <foreign lang="greek">e</foreign> <10>, æqualis EC, <foreign lang="greek">e s</foreign> æqualis <lb/>EB, &longs;ed & <foreign lang="greek">n *z</foreign> aequalis OI, <foreign lang="greek">*z c</foreign> ip&longs;i P, <foreign lang="greek">l</foreign>yi<gap/> &longs;i MH, y <foreign lang="greek">m</foreign> verò ip&longs;i <lb/>HN, <expan abbr="t&umacr;">tum</expan> <foreign lang="greek">k x</foreign> ip&longs;i KG. & <foreign lang="greek">x q</foreign>, ip&longs;i GL & ip&longs;is æquales & aequa<lb/>liter po&longs;itæ ad partes R, aliæ paralle læ <expan abbr="apt&emacr;tur">aptentur</expan> per <foreign lang="greek">b, g, d, c</foreign>, <pb xlink:href="http://archimedes.fas.harvard.edu/images/007-00-pageimg/007.00.089.jpg"/>quibusita di&longs;po&longs;itis per puncta <foreign lang="greek">o, n, l, k, h</foreign>, item per <foreign lang="greek">p, c, m, q, z</foreign>. <lb/></s>

<s id="id.000819">Sit autem <foreign lang="greek">o a</foreign> æ<lb/>qualis AF, <foreign lang="greek">a</foreign> <11> æqualis FD, item <foreign lang="greek">e</foreign> <10>, æqualis EC, <foreign lang="greek">e s</foreign> æqualis <lb/>EB, &longs;ed & <foreign lang="greek">n *z</foreign> aequalis OI, <foreign lang="greek">*z c</foreign> ip&longs;i P, <foreign lang="greek">l</foreign>y ip&longs;i MH, y <foreign lang="greek">m</foreign> verò ip&longs;i <lb/>HN, <expan abbr="t&umacr;">tum</expan> <foreign lang="greek">k x</foreign> ip&longs;i KG. & <foreign lang="greek">x q</foreign>, ip&longs;i GL & ip&longs;is æquales & aequa<lb/>liter po&longs;itæ ad partes R, aliæ parallelæ <expan abbr="apt&emacr;tur">aptentur</expan> per <foreign lang="greek">b, g, d, c</foreign>, <pb xlink:href="http://archimedes.fas.harvard.edu/images/007-00-pageimg/007.00.089.jpg"/>quibusita di&longs;po&longs;itis per puncta <foreign lang="greek">o, n, l, k, h</foreign>, item per <foreign lang="greek">p, c, m, q, z</foreign>. <lb/></s>

<s id="id.000820">ducantur lineæ <foreign lang="greek">oh, pz</foreign>, curuæ quidem & eodem pacto a<lb/>liæ curuæ illis re&longs;pondentes <foreign lang="greek">h <10>, zs</foreign>, Erunt igitur <foreign lang="greek">o, h, <10>, <lb/>p, z, s</foreign>, parallelæ quidem eo quod lincae quæ inter ip&longs;as du<lb/>cuntur, parallelæ &longs;int & æquales, non tamen rectæ illæ, <lb/>&longs;ed curuæ. </s>

<s id="id.000820">ducantur lineæ <foreign lang="greek">oh, pz</foreign>, curuæ quidem & eodem pacto a<lb/>liæ curuæ illis re&longs;pondentes <foreign lang="greek">h <10>, zs</foreign>, Erunt igitur <foreign lang="greek">o, h, <10>, <lb/>p, z, s</foreign>, parallelæ quidem eo quod lineae quæ inter ip&longs;as du<lb/>cuntur, parallelæ &longs;int & æquales, non tamen rectæ illæ, <lb/>&longs;ed curuæ. </s>

<s id="id.000821">Moto igitur Cylindro circulus EHF rectam <lb/>de&longs;cribet<foreign lang="greek">ae</foreign>, ellip&longs;is verò AMB, curuam <foreign lang="greek">ohr</foreign>, ellip&longs;is au<lb/>rem DNC, ip&longs;am curuam <foreign lang="greek">pzs. </foreign></s>

<s id="id.000822">In hoc <expan abbr="aut&emacr;">autem</expan> Cylindri mo<lb/>tuillud mirabile, velociores nempe, in ip&longs;a rotatione e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>ellip&longs;es ip&longs;o circulo EHF. </s>

<s id="id.000823">Ducatur enim recta<foreign lang="greek">o<10></foreign> quæ oc<lb/>currat ip&longs;i VS in S, & <foreign lang="greek">oh</foreign> iungatur, fietqueue triangulum <lb/><foreign lang="greek">oh</foreign>S. c&longs;t autem, angulus <foreign lang="greek">o</foreign> S <foreign lang="greek">h</foreign> rectus, maior erg. <foreign lang="greek">oh</foreign> i<lb/>p&longs;a <foreign lang="greek">o</foreign> S, &longs;ed recta <foreign lang="greek">o</foreign> S æqualis e&longs;t ip&longs;i<foreign lang="greek">an</foreign>, hoc e&longs;t, &longs;emicircu<lb/>lo FHE. multo maior e&longs;t autem curua, <foreign lang="greek">o, n, l, k, h</foreign>, ip&longs;a recta <lb/><foreign lang="greek">oh</foreign>, &longs;ed eodem tempore quo &longs;emicirculus EHF conficit <lb/>in rotatione <expan abbr="&longs;pati&umacr;">&longs;patium</expan> <foreign lang="greek">a</foreign> V, eodem dimidia ellip&longs;is BMA me<lb/>titur curuam <foreign lang="greek">onlkh. </foreign></s>

<s id="id.000823">Ducatur enim recta<foreign lang="greek">o<10></foreign> quæ oc<lb/>currat ip&longs;i VS in S, & <foreign lang="greek">oh</foreign> iungatur, fietqueue triangulum <lb/><foreign lang="greek">oh</foreign>S. e&longs;t autem, angulus <foreign lang="greek">o</foreign> S <foreign lang="greek">h</foreign> rectus, maior erg. <foreign lang="greek">oh</foreign> i<lb/>p&longs;a <foreign lang="greek">o</foreign> S, &longs;ed recta <foreign lang="greek">o</foreign> S æqualis e&longs;t ip&longs;i<foreign lang="greek">an</foreign>, hoc e&longs;t, &longs;emicircu<lb/>lo FHE. multo maior e&longs;t autem curua, <foreign lang="greek">o, n, l, k, h</foreign>, ip&longs;a recta <lb/><foreign lang="greek">oh</foreign>, &longs;ed eodem tempore quo &longs;emicirculus EHF conficit <lb/>in rotatione <expan abbr="&longs;pati&umacr;">&longs;patium</expan> <foreign lang="greek">a</foreign> V, eodem dimidia ellip&longs;is BMA me<lb/>titur curuam <foreign lang="greek">onlkh. </foreign></s>

<s id="id.000824">velocior igitur e&longs;t ellip&longs;is ip&longs;o cir<lb/>culo. </s>

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<s id="id.000830">Quoniam igitur lateris BC, punctum C &longs;tat, B verò <lb/>circa ip&longs;um mouetur, in ip&longs;o motu circulus de&longs;cribitur <lb/>BHIK, cuius &longs;emidiameter BC, & eodem pacto alij cir<lb/>culi in cono, qui ba&longs;i HEBF &longs;unt æquedi&longs;tantes, circulos <lb/>in plano circa idem centrum de&longs;cribent, vt facile videre <lb/>e&longs;t in obiecto &longs;chemate. </s>

<s id="id.000831">Huic &longs;imilem demon &longs;trationem <lb/>affert Heron in libello Automatum, quem nos Tyrones <lb/>adhuc vernacule è Græco translatum, Ven<gap/>e tijs prælo <lb/>&longs;ubiecimus. </s>

<s id="id.000831">Huic &longs;imilem demon&longs;trationem <lb/>affert Heron in libello Automatum, quem nos Tyrones <lb/>adhuc vernacule è Græco translatum, Venetijs prælo <lb/>&longs;ubiecimus. </s>

<s id="id.000832">Porrò &longs;i conus rotundus pro ba&longs;i ellip&longs;im habeat, <lb/>&longs;ectionem videlicet per planum axi non perpendiculare, <lb/>in ip&longs;a rotatione, &longs;tante vertice, ellip&longs;is ba&longs;is, ellip&longs;im de<lb/>&longs;cribit in plano, cuius maior diameter à puncto quod co<lb/>nivertex e&longs;t, ita diuiditur, vt diametri pars maior æqualis <lb/>&longs;it lateri maximo; minor verò æqualis lateri minimo. </s>

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<s id="id.000838">Dixerat enim, <lb/>ea referens quæ &longs;uperiùs circa principium de circulo ver<lb/>ba faciens, examinauerat, circulum ex duabus fieri latio<lb/>nibus, altera præter, altera verò &longs;ecundum naturam, & <lb/>ideo hanc &longs;emper nutum habere, & ceu continuo motam <lb/>ab eo moueri quimouet. </s>

<s id="id.000839">Videtur autem clarè profiteri, <lb/>ideo difficiliorem e&longs;&longs;e huius terriæ &longs;peciei motum, eo <lb/>quòd nutu <gap/>areat proprio & t<gap/>m ab alieno, vt ita di<lb/>cam, motore, moueatur. </s>

<s id="id.000839">Videtur autem clarè profiteri, <lb/>ideo difficiliorem e&longs;&longs;e huius terræ &longs;peciei motum, eo <lb/>quòd nutu careat proprio & t<gap/>m ab alieno, vt ita di<lb/>cam, motore, moueatur. </s>

<s id="id.000840">Veruntamen motum hunc facilitate alijs illis duo<lb/>bus nequaquam cedere, facilè ex &longs;equentibus o&longs;tende<lb/>mus. </s>

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<s id="id.000843">Ad hæc circa axem ita libratur rota, vt <lb/>quantumuis exigua potentia alteri parti applicetur, alte<lb/>ra illico &longs;uperata moueatur. </s>

<s id="id.000844">Licet enim propliè ea <expan abbr="tant&umacr;">tantum</expan> <lb/>corpora æquilibrare dicantur, quæ ob ponderis hinc in de <pb xlink:href="http://archimedes.fas.harvard.edu/images/007-00-pageimg/007.00.092.jpg"/>æqualitatem horizonti fiunt æquidi&longs;tantes, nihilominus <lb/>& hic aliquam e&longs;&longs;e æquilibrij &longs;imilitudinem patebit. </s><figure id="id.007.00.092.1.jpg" xlink:href="http://archimedes.fas.harvard.edu/images/007-00-figures/007.00.092.1.jpg"></figure>

<s id="id.000844">Licet enim propriè ea <expan abbr="tant&umacr;">tantum</expan> <lb/>corpora æquilibrare dicantur, quæ ob ponderis hinc in de <pb xlink:href="http://archimedes.fas.harvard.edu/images/007-00-pageimg/007.00.092.jpg"/>æqualitatem horizonti fiunt æquidi&longs;tantes, nihilominus <lb/>& hic aliquam e&longs;&longs;e æquilibrij &longs;imilitudinem patebit. </s><figure id="id.007.00.092.1.jpg" xlink:href="http://archimedes.fas.harvard.edu/images/007-00-figures/007.00.092.1.jpg"></figure>

<s id="id.000845">E&longs;to enim rota ABCD, <lb/>cuius axis horizonti perpendi<lb/>cularis FEG tran&longs;iens per cen<lb/>trum E, tangens autem planum <lb/>in puncto G. </s>

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<s id="id.000848">At alteri partium potentiâ quauis <lb/>licet exigua appo&longs;itâ, puta in C, præualebit pars BCD, & <lb/>partem BAD vel impellet vel rapiet, alterâ interim eius <lb/>motui ob&longs;equente. </s>

<s id="id.000849">Potentia igitur quæ in C, nullam rem <lb/>quæ impediat inueniens, veloci&longs;&longs;imè rotam mouet, quod <lb/>eo faciliùs velocius queue fit, quo magis rota e&longs;t in motu, e<lb/>ius verò diameter maior & potentia mouens à centro re<lb/>motior, & &longs;anè motus <expan abbr="facilitat&emacr;">facilitatem</expan> inde cogno&longs;cimus, quòd <lb/>ip&longs;o impul&longs;ore ab impul&longs;u ce&longs;&longs;ante, diuti&longs;<gap/>è rota im<lb/>pre&longs;&longs;um motum &longs;eruet, nec ni&longs;i po&longs;t longam rotationem <lb/>omnino quie&longs;cat. </s>

<s id="id.000849">Potentia igitur quæ in C, nullam rem <lb/>quæ impediat inueniens, veloci&longs;&longs;imè rotam mouet, quod <lb/>eo faciliùs velocius queue fit, quo magis rota e&longs;t in motu, e<lb/>ius verò diameter maior & potentia mouens à centro re<lb/>motior, & &longs;anè motus <expan abbr="facilitat&emacr;">facilitatem</expan> inde cogno&longs;cimus, quòd <lb/>ip&longs;o impul&longs;ore ab impul&longs;u ce&longs;&longs;ante, diuti&longs;&longs;imè rota im<lb/>pre&longs;&longs;um motum &longs;eruet, nec ni&longs;i po&longs;t longam rotationem <lb/>omnino quie&longs;cat. </s>

<s id="id.000850">Cæterùm quia &longs;icco, vtaiunt, pede Ari&longs;toteles quæ <lb/>ad hunc motum <expan abbr="pertin&emacr;t">pertinent</expan> pertran&longs;ijt, nos quædam quæ ad <lb/>hanc rem faciunt, diligentiùs expendemus. </s>

<s id="id.000851">Quærimus igitur primò; Cur ea quæ hoc pacto <expan abbr="ro-tãtur">ro<lb/>tantur</expan>, in ip&longs;a rotatione locum non mutent, ni&longs;i extrin&longs;eca <lb/>aliqua id fiat ex cau&longs;&longs;a. </s>

<s id="id.000852">E&longs;to enim rota aut aliud quippiam rotundum ccu <lb/>Turbines &longs;unt, quibus pueri ludunt, quod circa axem ho<pb xlink:href="http://archimedes.fas.harvard.edu/images/007-00-pageimg/007.00.093.jpg"/><figure id="id.007.00.093.1.jpg" xlink:href="http://archimedes.fas.harvard.edu/images/007-00-figures/007.00.093.1.jpg"></figure><lb/>rizonti perpendicularem mo<lb/>ueatur, ABCD, cuius centrum <lb/>E, Diameter AEC. </s>

<s id="id.000852">E&longs;to enim rota aut aliud quippiam rotundum ceu <lb/>Turbines &longs;unt, quibus pueri ludunt, quod circa axem ho<pb xlink:href="http://archimedes.fas.harvard.edu/images/007-00-pageimg/007.00.093.jpg"/><figure id="id.007.00.093.1.jpg" xlink:href="http://archimedes.fas.harvard.edu/images/007-00-figures/007.00.093.1.jpg"></figure><lb/>rizonti perpendicularem mo<lb/>ueatur, ABCD, cuius centrum <lb/>E, Diameter AEC. </s>

<s id="id.000853">Modò circa <lb/>centrum E in finiti imagin entur <lb/>circuli, alij alijs minores v&longs;que <lb/>ad <expan abbr="centr&umacr;">centrum</expan> ip&longs;um, vti &longs;unt FGH; <lb/>ibi enim circuli e&longs;&longs;e de&longs;inunt, <lb/>vbi nullum amplius e&longs;t &longs;patium. <lb/></s>

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<s id="id.000870">Minus igitur a<lb/>pta e&longs;t motui huic triangularis figura, quam quadrata, in <lb/>qua partes à centro remoti&longs;&longs;imè, & ideo veloci&longs;&longs;imè &longs;unt <lb/>quatuor. </s>

<s id="id.000871"><expan abbr="Itaq;">Itaque</expan> quo <gap/>agis laterata figura angulis abunda<lb/>bit, eo magis erit ad hunc, & cæteros omnes circulares <lb/>motus aptior. </s>

<s id="id.000871"><expan abbr="Itaq;">Itaque</expan> quo magis laterata figura angulis abunda<lb/>bit, eo magis erit ad hunc, & cæteros omnes circulares <lb/>motus aptior. </s>

<s id="id.000872">At circulus infinitas, vt ita dicam, partes à <lb/>centro remoti&longs;&longs;imas habet, itaque nulla figura e&longs;t circu<lb/>lari, in ip&longs;a rotatione, commodior atque velocior. </s>

<s id="id.000873">Alia <lb/>quoque de cau&longs;&longs;a id fit, quod dum circularis figura mo<lb/>uetur, nullis eminentibus angulis aërem verberet <expan abbr="circ&umacr;-&longs;tãtem">circun<lb/>&longs;tantem</expan>, ex qua verberatione motus impeditus &longs;it tardior. <lb/></s>

<s id="id.000873">Alia <lb/>quoque de cau&longs;&longs;a id fit, quod dum circularis figura mo<lb/>uetur, nullis eminentibus angulis aërem verberet <expan abbr="circ&umacr;-&longs;tãtem">circum<lb/>&longs;tantem</expan>, ex qua verberatione motus impeditus &longs;it tardior. <lb/></s>

<s id="id.000874">Quæri etiam pote&longs;t, Num axe in clinato, rotæ motus ali<lb/>qualiter impediatur? </s>

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<s id="id.000992">E&longs;to horizontis <pb xlink:href="http://archimedes.fas.harvard.edu/images/007-00-pageimg/007.00.105.jpg"/><figure id="id.007.00.105.1.jpg" xlink:href="http://archimedes.fas.harvard.edu/images/007-00-figures/007.00.105.1.jpg"></figure><lb/>planum AB, &longs;cytalae duae<lb/>CD, EF, Pondus verò <lb/>eis impo&longs;itum G, tan<lb/>gens ip&longs;as in <expan abbr="p&umacr;ctis">punctis</expan> CE, <lb/>&longs;cytalæ autem planum <lb/>in punctis D, F, Pellatur <lb/>à potentia quapiam <expan abbr="p&omacr;-dus">pon<lb/>dus</expan> Gad anteriora, <expan abbr="n&emacr;-pe">nen<lb/>pe</expan> ad partes E. rotabuntur igitur &longs;cytalæ & pars quædam <lb/>&longs;cytalæ D, in qua &longs;it contactus a&longs;cendet in I, C verò de<lb/>&longs;cendetin H, nulla re motum impediente, quippe quòd <lb/>nulla ponderis &longs;cytalarum, & plani ad inuicem fiat offen<lb/>&longs;atio. </s>

<s id="id.000993">Præterea cum &longs;cytalarum centra ab horizontis pla<lb/>no æqualiter di&longs;tent, pondus quidem horizonti æquidi<lb/>&longs;tanter mouetur, & ideo cius centrum grauitatis nequa<lb/>quam, in motu qui &longs;it, eleuatur. </s>

<s id="id.000993">Præterea cum &longs;cytalarum centra ab horizontis pla<lb/>no æqualiter di&longs;tent, pondus quidem horizonti æquidi<lb/>&longs;tanter mouetur, & ideo eius centrum grauitatis nequa<lb/>quam, in motu qui &longs;it, eleuatur. </s>

<s id="id.000994">Cæterùm materiæ imperfectione remota nihil re<lb/>fert ad facilitatem, vtrum maioris minorisue diametri <lb/>&longs;int&longs;cytalæ, vt ea po&longs;ita eo quod maiores circuli faciliùs <lb/>offendicula &longs;uperent, quod demon&longs;tratum e&longs;t in quæ&longs;tio<lb/>ne 8. eo vtiliores &longs;unt &longs;cytalæ, quo cra&longs;&longs;iores. </s>

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