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(download) - view tree Revision 1.32, Sun Aug 18 16:50:27 2002 UTC (10 years, 10 months ago) by bcfuchs Branch: MAIN Changes since 1.31: +5 -5 lines a <lb/>tio => a<lb/>tio |
<?xml version="1.0"?> <!DOCTYPE archimedes SYSTEM "../dtd/archimedes.dtd" ><archimedes> <info> <author>Agricola, Georgius </author> <title>De re metallica</title> <date>1556</date> <place>Basel</place> <translator></translator> <lang>la</lang> <cvs_file>agric_remet_01_la_1556</cvs_file> <cvs_version></cvs_version> <locator>0000000001.xml</locator> </info> <text> <front> </front> <body> <chap> <pb/><p type="head"> <s>GEORGII AGRICOLAE <lb/>DE RE METALLICA LIBRI XII<28> QVI­<lb/>bus Officia, In&longs;trumenta, Machinæ, ac omnia denique ad Metalli­<lb/>cam &longs;pectantia, non modo luculenti&longs;&longs;imè de&longs;cribuntur, &longs;ed & per <lb/>effigies, &longs;uis locis in&longs;ertas, adiunctis Latinis, Germanicisque appel­<lb/>lationibus ita ob oculos ponuntur, ut clarius tradi non po&longs;&longs;int.</s></p><p type="head"> <s>EIVSDEM <lb/>DE ANIMANTIBVS SVBTERRANEIS Liber, ab Autore re­<lb/>cognitus: cum Indicibus diuer&longs;is, quicquid in opere tractatum e&longs;t, <lb/>pulchrè demon&longs;trantibus.</s></p><figure></figure><p type="head"> <s>BASILEAE M<28> D<28> LVI<28></s></p><p type="head"> <s>Cum Priuilegio Imperatoris in annos v. <lb/></s> <s>& Galliarum Regis ad Sexennium.</s></p><p type="head"> <s><gap/></s></p><pb/><p type="head"> <s>Henry par la grace de Dieu roy de France.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>A<emph type="italics"/>ux<emph.end type="italics"/> P<emph type="italics"/>reuo&longs;t de<emph.end type="italics"/> P<emph type="italics"/>aris,<emph.end type="italics"/> B<emph type="italics"/>ailly de<emph.end type="italics"/> R<emph type="italics"/>oen,<emph.end type="italics"/> S<emph type="italics"/>ene&longs;chaulx de<emph.end type="italics"/> L<emph type="italics"/>yon,<emph.end type="italics"/> T<emph type="italics"/>holo&longs;e, &<emph.end type="italics"/> P<emph type="italics"/>oictou.<emph.end type="italics"/></s><s> E<emph type="italics"/>t à tous noz autres <lb/>iu&longs;ticiers & officiers ou à leurs lieutenans &longs;alut.<emph.end type="italics"/></s><s> R<emph type="italics"/>eceue auons <expan abbr="l'hũble">l'humble</expan> &longs;upplicacion de noz amys & feaulx<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>I<emph type="italics"/>ero&longs;me<emph.end type="italics"/> F<emph type="italics"/>robenne &<emph.end type="italics"/> N<emph type="italics"/>icolas l'<emph.end type="italics"/>E<emph type="italics"/>ue&longs;que <expan abbr="marchãs">marchans</expan>, libraires, & bourgeoys de la uille de<emph.end type="italics"/> B<emph type="italics"/>asle, l'un des can <lb/>tons de noz alliez con&longs;ederez & bons <expan abbr="cõperes">comperes</expan> les<emph.end type="italics"/> S<emph type="italics"/>ouy&longs;&longs;es, contenant quilz auroyent recounert plu&longs;ieurs <lb/>liures non encores uenz & entre autres un intitulé<emph.end type="italics"/> GEORGII AGRICOLAE <emph type="italics"/>opera omnia,<emph.end type="italics"/> P<emph type="italics"/>our <lb/>lequel liure recouurer & imprimer il leur à conuenu & conuiendra faire des grans fraiz & de&longs;pens, & <lb/>doubtent que les libraires & imprimeurs, ne facent &longs;i to&longs;t que le&longs;dicts expo&longs;ans <expan abbr="aurõt">auront</expan> publié ledict liure ice <lb/>luy imprimer, qui &longs;eroit leur o&longs;ter tout moyen de &longs;e pouuoyr r'embour&longs;er de leur&longs;dicts fraiz & mi&longs;es, <lb/>& de receuoir le fruict quilz e&longs;perent de leur labeur.<emph.end type="italics"/></s><s> A <emph type="italics"/>ce&longs;te cau&longs;e ilz nous ont humblement requis leur uon <lb/>loir &longs;urce pouruo<gap/> de nostre remede <expan abbr="cõuenable">conuenable</expan>.<emph.end type="italics"/></s><s> PARQVO Y <emph type="italics"/>nous ce con&longs;ideré, noulant fauo­<lb/>rablement traicter le&longs;dicts expo&longs;ans en ce&longs;t endroit,<emph.end type="italics"/> A <emph type="italics"/>iceulx <expan abbr="auõs">auons</expan> permis & octroye, permettons & octroy <lb/>ons par ces pre&longs;entes noulons & nous plai&longs;t de noz grace &longs;peciale, plaine pui&longs;&longs;ance & auctorite<emph.end type="italics"/> R<emph type="italics"/>oyal, <lb/>qu'ilz pui&longs;&longs;ent & leur loy&longs;e imprimer, oufaire imprimer, & mettre en uente le liure de&longs;u&longs;dict &longs;ans ce que <lb/>pendant & durant le temps & terme de &longs;ix ans en&longs;uyuans, à compter du iour & datte que ledict liure &longs;er<gap/><lb/>achcué d'imprimer, nul autre libraire ou imprime<gap/> de no&longs;dicts<emph.end type="italics"/> R<emph type="italics"/>oyaume, pays, terres & &longs;eigneuries de no <lb/>stre obei&longs;&longs;ance pui&longs;&longs;ent imprimer, ou faire imprimer, ny en partie ny entier, ne mettre, ne expo&longs;er en uente <lb/>&longs;ans le congé & permißion de&longs;dicts expo&longs;ans.<emph.end type="italics"/></s><s> E<emph type="italics"/>t ce &longs;ur pein <gap/> <expan abbr="cõfi&longs;cation">confi&longs;cation</expan> dudict liure, & d'amende arbi <lb/>traire à nous à applicquer.<emph.end type="italics"/></s><s> SI VOVS MANDONS, <emph type="italics"/>& à cha&longs;cun de uous, &longs;i <expan abbr="cõme">comme</expan> à luy appar­<lb/>tiendra que de noz pre&longs;entes permißion, &conceßion, & octroy, & de leffect & contenu en icelles.<emph.end type="italics"/></s><s> V<emph type="italics"/>ous fai <lb/>ctes, permettez & &longs;ouffrez le&longs;dicts expo&longs;ans iouyr & u&longs;er plainement & pai&longs;iblement &longs;ans en ce le met­<lb/>tre ou donner, ne &longs;ouffrir e&longs;tre faict, mis, ou donné aucun empe&longs;chement au contraire, lequel &longs;i faict, mis, <lb/>ou donné leur eftoyent faictes, mettre incontinent & &longs;ans delay à plaine & entiere deliurance au premier <lb/>e&longs;tat & deu,<emph.end type="italics"/> C<emph type="italics"/>ar tel est nostre plai&longs;ir.<emph.end type="italics"/></s><s> N<emph type="italics"/>onob&longs;tant quelzconques lettres à ce contraire.<emph.end type="italics"/></s><s> D<emph type="italics"/>onné à<emph.end type="italics"/> P<emph type="italics"/>aris <lb/>le<emph.end type="italics"/> XVIII. <emph type="italics"/>iour de<emph.end type="italics"/> F<emph type="italics"/>eurier, l'<emph.end type="italics"/>A<emph type="italics"/>n mil cinq cens cinquante troys, & de no&longs;tre<emph.end type="italics"/> R<emph type="italics"/>egne le &longs;eptie&longs;me.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"> <s>P<emph type="italics"/>ar le<emph.end type="italics"/> R<emph type="italics"/>oy en &longs;on con&longs;eil<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><pb/><p type="head"> <s>ILLVSTRISS<39> ETPOTEN <lb/>TISS<28> SAXONIAE DVCIBVS, LAND­<lb/>grauijs Toringiæ, Marchionibus Mi&longs;enæ, Comitibus Palatinis <lb/>Saxoniæ, Burggrauijs Aldeburgi & Magdeburgi, Comiti­<lb/>bus Brenæ, dominis terræ Plei&longs;en&longs;is, MAVRICIO &longs;acri <lb/>Imperij Archimar&longs;chalco & Electori, atque eius fra­<lb/>tri AVGVSTO, GEORGIVS Agri­<lb/>cola S. D.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Cvm saepenvmero, illu&longs;tri&longs;&longs;imi Principes, to <lb/>tius rei Metallicæ, ut Moderatus Columella Ru&longs;ti <lb/>cæ, magnitudinem, <expan abbr="tanquã">tanquam</expan> alicuius corporis gran <lb/><expan abbr="ditat&etilde;">ditatem</expan>, <expan abbr="cõ&longs;idera&longs;&longs;em">con&longs;idera&longs;&longs;em</expan>: uel &longs;ingulas eius partes, qua&longs;i <lb/>illius corporis membra, <expan abbr="numerãdo">numerando</expan> percen&longs;ui&longs;&longs;em: <lb/>ueritus &longs;um, ne uita prius me deficeret, quàm uni­<lb/>uer&longs;am percipere po&longs;&longs;em, nedum literis <expan abbr="cõ&longs;ecrare">con&longs;ecrare</expan>: <lb/>nam quàm longe lateque hæc pateat, quot & quan­<lb/>tarum artium, &longs;i non magna, at aliquantula cogni­<lb/>tio metallicis ad eam <expan abbr="tractãdam">tractandam</expan> nece&longs;&longs;aria &longs;it, ex his no&longs;tris libris qui&longs;que in­<lb/>telliget. </s> <s>Tamet&longs;i uerò res Metallica &longs;it ampli&longs;&longs;ima, nec ulla ex parte à Græ­<lb/>eis & Latinis &longs;criptoribus, qui extant, ab&longs;oluta, perdifficiles habeat explica­<lb/>tus: tamen quia ueterrima e&longs;t, & <expan abbr="hominũ">hominum</expan> generi maximè nece&longs;&longs;aria, atque fru <lb/>ctuo&longs;i&longs;&longs;ima, non debere à nobis negligi uidebatur. </s> <s>Etenim Agricultura &longs;ci­<lb/>entiarum nulla &longs;ine dubitatione uetu&longs;tior, tamen hacres Metallica e&longs;t anti­<lb/>quior, uel &longs;altem æqualis & coæua: nemo enim omnium mortalium <expan abbr="unquã">unquam</expan> <lb/>ab&longs;que in&longs;trumentis agrum coluit. </s> <s>Ea uerò, ut etiam reliquarum <expan abbr="artiũ">artium</expan>, <expan abbr="quarũ">quarum</expan> <lb/>omne opus e&longs;t in faciendo; <expan abbr="in&longs;trum&etilde;ta">in&longs;trumenta</expan> aut ex metallis facta &longs;unt, aut &longs;ine me <lb/>tallis non potuerunt confici: qua de cau&longs;a res metallica hominibus etiam e&longs;t <lb/>maxime nece&longs;&longs;aria. </s> <s>Nam cùm hi paucis i&longs;tiu&longs;modi artibus carere po&longs;&longs;int, ea <lb/>rumque maximus &longs;it numerus, nulla &longs;ine in&longs;trumentis quicquam efficit: tum <lb/>omnium rerum, quibus magnæ diuitiæ bona & hone&longs;ta ratione acquirun­<lb/>tur, nihil e&longs;t arte metallica utilius: ex agris enim bene cultis (ut alias res omit <lb/>tam) fructus capimus uberrimos, &longs;ed uberiores ex fodinis. </s> <s>Certe una fodi­<lb/>na &longs;æpe multo maiores utilitatis fructus nobis præbet, quàm agri plurimi: <lb/>quocirca ex omnium ferè &longs;eculorum memoria cogno&longs;cimus, complures ex <lb/>metallis diuites factos e&longs;&longs;e, & eadem <expan abbr="multorũ">multorum</expan> regum fortunas amplifica&longs;&longs;e: <lb/>&longs;ed de his nunc plura non dicam: quod eos locos in primo libro, partim hui <lb/>us operis, partim alterius, in&longs;cripti De ueteribus & nouis metallis, tractaue­<lb/>rim, ac ea, quæ contra metalla & ip&longs;os metallicos <expan abbr="dicũtur">dicuntur</expan>, refelle<gap/>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quan-quã">Quan­<lb/>quam</expan> <expan abbr="aũt">aunt</expan> res ru&longs;tica, cum qua metallicam libenter confero, uarie <gap/> e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>diffu&longs;a, tamen in multo plures, quàm hæc no&longs;tra, partes <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> di&longs;tri<gap/>ur<gap/>nec <lb/>tam facile præcepta huius à me tradi po&longs;&longs;unt, quàm Columella illius <gap/>di­<lb/>dit: quod ip&longs;e <expan abbr="cõplures">complures</expan> rei ru&longs;ticæ &longs;criptores, quos &longs;equeretur, in manibus <pb/>habuit: nempe Græcos plus quinquaginta, quos etiam Marcus Varro re­<lb/>cen&longs;et: Latinos plus decem, quos ip&longs;e Columella commemorat: ego &longs;olum <lb/>C. </s> <s>Plinium Secundum, quem &longs;equar, habeam: qui tamen perpaucas ra­<lb/>tiones uenarum effodiendarum, & metallorum conficiendorum exponit: <lb/>res enim metallica tantum abe&longs;t, ut uniuer&longs;a &longs;it tractata ab aliquo &longs;criptore, <lb/>ut neij quidem, qui di&longs;per&longs;e &longs;crip&longs;erunt alius alia de re, &longs;ingulas eius partes <lb/>ab&longs;oluerint: quinetiam eorum magna e&longs;t paucitas: &longs;iquidem &longs;olus ex Græ­<lb/>cis omnibus Strato Lamp&longs;acenus Theophra&longs;ti &longs;ucce&longs;&longs;or librum unum De <lb/>machinis metallicis edidit: ni&longs;i forte Philonis poetæ metallicus aliquam ar­<lb/>tis particulam &longs;it complexus: nam Pherecrates in comœdiam, in&longs;criptione <lb/><expan abbr="&longs;imil&etilde;">&longs;imilem</expan>, metallicos &longs;eruos aut ad metalla damnatos uidetur introduxi&longs;&longs;e: ex <lb/>Latinis autem Plinius, ut iam dixi, tradidit pauculas laborandi rationes: qui <lb/>bus nouos &longs;criptores, quale&longs;cunque &longs;int, oportet annumerare: nemo enim iu <lb/>&longs;ta reprehen&longs;ione poterit carere, qui eos, quorum &longs;criptis, et&longs;i paucis, utitur, <lb/>debita laude fraudat. </s> <s>No&longs;tra quidem lingua duo libri &longs;cripti &longs;unt: alter De <lb/>materiæ metallicæ & metallorum experimento, admodum confu&longs;us, cuius <lb/>operis <expan abbr="par&etilde;s">parens</expan> ignoratur: alter De uenis, de quibus etiam Pandulfus Anglus <lb/>&longs;crip&longs;i&longs;&longs;e fertur: &longs;ed librum Germanicum confecit Calbus Fribergius, non <lb/>ignobilis medicus: uerum uenter eam, quam &longs;ump&longs;it, partem ab&longs;oluit. </s> <s>Nu­<lb/>per uerò Vannocius Biringuccius Senen&longs;is, homo di&longs;ertus, & <expan abbr="multarũ">multarum</expan> re­<lb/>rum peritus, uulgari Italorum &longs;ermone tractauit locum De metallis funden <lb/>dis, &longs;eparandis, agglutinandis. </s> <s>Rationem autem <expan abbr="quarundã">quarundam</expan> uenarum exco­<lb/>quendarum breuiter per&longs;trinxit: quorundam &longs;uccorum <expan abbr="conficiendorũ">conficiendorum</expan> pla <lb/>nius expo&longs;uit: quibus legendis renouaui memoriam <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan>, quos uidi quon­<lb/>dam in Italia confici: reliquas res omnes, de quibus &longs;cribo, aut pror&longs;us non <lb/>attigit, aut leuiter. </s> <s>Hoc libro Franci&longs;cus Badoarius, patricius Venetus, uir &longs;a <lb/>ne prudens & grauis, me donauit: quod tunc &longs;e facturum recepit, cùm pro­<lb/>ximo &longs;uperiore anno FERDINANDVM regem, ad quem legatus à Vene­<lb/>tis mi&longs;&longs;us erat, &longs;ecutus Mariebergi e&longs;&longs;et: plura &longs;criptores de re metallica lite­<lb/>ris manda&longs;&longs;e non comperio: quapropter, etiam&longs;i Stratonis liber extaret, ex <lb/>his partibus non dimidium artis metallicæ corpus confici po&longs;&longs;et. </s> <s>Quo <expan abbr="aũt">aunt</expan> <lb/>minus multi &longs;unt qui de re Metallica &longs;crip&longs;erunt, eò magis mihi mi<gap/>um ui­<lb/>detur tot chymi&longs;tas extiti&longs;&longs;e, qui <expan abbr="cõpo&longs;uerint">compo&longs;uerint</expan> artificium de metallis alijs in <lb/>alia mutandis: multos Hermolaus Barbarus, homo dignitate generis & gra <lb/>dus, ac omni doctrina ornatus, nominatim protulit: ego plures proferam, <lb/>&longs;ed in&longs;ignes tantum, delectum enim &longs;eruabo: itaque <foreign lang="greek">xumeutika\</foreign> &longs;crip&longs;it O&longs;tha <lb/>nes, Hermes, Chanes, Zo&longs;imus Alexandrinus ad <expan abbr="&longs;oror&etilde;">&longs;ororem</expan> Theo&longs;ebiam, O­<lb/>lympiodorus item Alexandrinus, Agathodæmon, Democritus, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> Abde­<lb/>rites ille, &longs;ed alter, ne&longs;cio qui: Orus Chry&longs;orichites, Pebichius, Comerius, Io <lb/>annes, Apuleius, Peta&longs;ius, Pelagius, Africanus, Theophilus, Syne&longs;ius, Ste­<lb/>phanus ad Heracleum Cæ&longs;arem, Heliodorus ad <expan abbr="Theodo&longs;iũ">Theodo&longs;ium</expan>, Geberus, Cal <lb/>lides Rachaidibus, Veradianus, Rodianus, Canides, Merlinus, <expan abbr="Raimũdus">Raimundus</expan> <lb/>Lulius, Arnaldus Villonouanus, Augu&longs;tinus Pantheus Venetus: fœminæ <lb/>tres, Cleopatra, uirgo Taphnutia, Maria Iudæa: atque hi chymi&longs;tæ omnes o­<lb/>rationera &longs;olutam u&longs;urparunt: præter Ioannem Aurelium Augurellum Ari <pb/>minen&longs;em, qui&longs;olus uerba uer&longs;u inclu&longs;it. </s> <s>Sunt alij multi de hacre libri, &longs;ed <lb/>omnes ob&longs;curi: quod &longs;criptores i&longs;ti res alienis, non proprijs uocabulis no­<lb/>minent: & quod alij alijs atque alijs uocabulis, à &longs;e confictis, utantur, cum res <lb/>non mutent. </s> <s>I&longs;ti magi&longs;tri &longs;uis di&longs;cipulis uias tradunt, quibus progre&longs;&longs;i uilia <lb/>metalla uarijs modis cocta corrumpant, & <expan abbr="quodãmodo">quodammodo</expan> in primam rerum <lb/>materiam reducant, eaque rationeid, quod in ip&longs;is redundat, auferant: quod <lb/>deficit, compleant: atque precio&longs;a, hoc e&longs;t aurum & argentum, ex eis confici­<lb/>ant, quæ in catillis aut catinis perdurent, hæc facere po&longs;&longs;int necne po&longs;&longs;int, <lb/>non decerno: quia enim tot &longs;criptores omni nobis a&longs;&longs;cueratione affirmant <lb/>&longs;e eò perueni&longs;&longs;e, quò cur&longs;um &longs;uum dirigebant, eis fides e&longs;&longs;e uidetur adhiben <lb/>da: quia nullos ex hac arte quondam diuites e&longs;&longs;e factos &longs;criptum legimus, <lb/>nec nunc fieri uidemus, cùm tot ubiuis gentium fuerint, & &longs;int chymi&longs;tæ, o­<lb/>mnesque omnes indu&longs;triæ neruos dies noctesque contendant, ut maximos au <lb/>ri & argenti aceruos con&longs;truere po&longs;&longs;int, res in dubium uocatur: &longs;ed ut ea fue <lb/>rit &longs;criptorum indiligentia, ut nomina magi&longs;trorum, qui ex hoc opificio ma <lb/>gnam pecuniam <expan abbr="cõ&longs;ecuti">con&longs;ecuti</expan> &longs;unt, memoriæ non tradiderint, certe di&longs;cipuli de­<lb/>creta eorum uel non cogno&longs;cunt, uel cognita non &longs;eruant. </s> <s>Nam &longs;i ea perci­<lb/>perent, cùm tam multi fuerint, & &longs;int: oppida iamdiu auro & argento reple­<lb/>ui&longs;&longs;ent: quorum uanitatem etiam libri declarant, in quibus Platonis & Ari­<lb/>&longs;totelis, aliorumque philo&longs;ophorum nomina in&longs;cribunt, ut i&longs;tæ glorio&longs;æ in­<lb/>&longs;criptiones &longs;pecie doctrinæ uiris &longs;implicibus imponant. </s> <s>E&longs;t alterum genus <lb/>chymi&longs;tarum, quod uilium metallorum &longs;ub&longs;tantiam non immutat, &longs;ed ip&longs;a <lb/>uel auri uel argenti colore tingit, & noua forma induit: ut ca uideantur e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>quæ <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> &longs;unt: qua forma ignis calore de eis, tanque aliena ue&longs;te detracta in &longs;u­<lb/>am redeunt &longs;peciem: qui, quia decipiunt, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> &longs;olum &longs;ummo in odio &longs;unt, <gap/><lb/>eorum fraus capite plectitur. </s> <s>Nec minus fraudem capitalem admittit term <lb/>chymi&longs;tarum genus: quod auri uel argenti particulam, in aliquo carbon<gap/><lb/>clu&longs;am, in catinum conijciens fingit &longs;e additamentis, quæ uim eliciendi<gap/><lb/>beant, admi&longs;tis conficere uel aurum ex auripigmento, uel argentum ex pi<gap/><lb/>bo candido &longs;imilibusque. </s> <s>Verùm de arte chymica, &longs;i modo ars e&longs;t, aliàs plu­<lb/>ramunc ad metallicam reuertar: quoniam eam integram nulli &longs;crip<gap/><lb/>ris mandarunt, ac exteræ nationes & gentes no&longs;tram linguam non intelij­<lb/>gunt, & &longs;i eam intelligerent, exiguam artis partem ex no&longs;tris i&longs;tis &longs;criptori­<lb/>bus po&longs;&longs;ent di&longs;cere, hos duodecim libros Dere metallica con&longs;crip&longs;i: quo <lb/>rum PRIMVS habet ea quæ contra hanc <expan abbr="art&etilde;">artem</expan> & metalla atque metallicos, uel <lb/>abij&longs;dem dici po&longs;&longs;unt: SECVNDVS metallicum informat, & .n &longs;ermonem, <lb/>qui haberi &longs;olet de uenis inueniendis, dilabitur. </s> <s>TERTIVS e&longs;t de uenis & <lb/>fibris, eorumque <expan abbr="cõmi&longs;&longs;uris">commi&longs;&longs;uris</expan>. </s> <s>QVARTVS explicat rationem <gap/>imetiendi ue­<lb/>nas, atque etiam expromit officia metallica. </s> <s>QVINTVS fo&longs;&longs;ionem uenarum <lb/>& artem men&longs;oris docet. </s> <s>SEXTVS de&longs;cribit in&longs;trumenta & machinas me <lb/>tallicas. </s> <s>SEPTIMVS e&longs;t de experimento uenarum. </s> <s>OCTAVVS præcipit <lb/>de opificio uenæ urendæ, contundendæ, lauandæ, torrendæ. </s> <s>NONVS ex­<lb/>coquendarum uenarum rationem exponit. </s> <s>DECIMVS rei metallicæ &longs;tudi <lb/>o&longs;os in&longs;truit ad munus di&longs;cernendi <expan abbr="arg&etilde;tum">argentum</expan> ab auro, atque plumbum ab co­<lb/>dem & argento. </s> <s>VNDECIMVS tradit uias &longs;eparandi argentum ab ære. <pb/>DVODECIMVS dat præcepta conficiendi &longs;alis, nitri, aluminis, <expan abbr="atram&etilde;ti">atramenti</expan> &longs;u­<lb/>torij, &longs;ulfuris, bituminis, uitri. </s> <s>Hoc autem munus &longs;u&longs;ceptum, ut propter mul <lb/>titudinem rerum <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> expleuerim, certe explere conatus &longs;um: nam in eo mul <lb/>tum operæ & laboris in&longs;ump&longs;i, aliquem etiam &longs;umptum impendi: etenim <lb/>uenas, in&longs;trumenta, ua&longs;a, canales, machinas, fornaces, non modo de&longs;crip&longs;i, <lb/>&longs;ed etiam mercede conduxi pictores ad earum effigies exprimendas: ne res, <lb/>quæ uerbis &longs;ignificantur, ignotæ aut huius ætatis hominibus aut po&longs;teris <lb/>percipiendi difficultatem afferant: ut nobis non pauca uocabula afferre &longs;o­<lb/>lent, quæ ueteres (quia res erant omnibus notæ) nuda ab enodatione <expan abbr="pro-diderũt">pro­<lb/>diderunt</expan>: &longs;ed &longs;it &longs;ane id à me prætermi&longs;&longs;um, quod nec ip&longs;e uidi, neque legi, nec <lb/>ex hominibus fide dignis cognoui: id profecto quod non uel uidi, uel <expan abbr="lectũ">lectum</expan> <lb/>aut auditum expendi, non e&longs;t &longs;criptum: &longs;iue uerò præcipio ea, quæ fieri de­<lb/>beant, &longs;iue narro, quæ fieri &longs;oleant, nec quæ fiunt improbo, eadem docendi <lb/>ratio <expan abbr="c&etilde;&longs;eri">cen&longs;eri</expan> debet. </s> <s>Verùm quò magis ars metallica abhorret ab omni &longs;ermo <lb/>nis <expan abbr="elegãtia">elegantia</expan>, eò minus hi mei libri &longs;unt politi: certe res, in quibus ars illa uer­<lb/>&longs;atur, interdum nominibus carent, uel quod nouæ &longs;int, uel quod, etiam&longs;i ue <lb/>teres, nominum, quibus uocabantur, memoria interierit: quare nece&longs;&longs;itate, <lb/>cui uenia datur, coactus qua&longs;dam &longs;ignificaui pluribus uerbis coniunctis, <lb/><expan abbr="qua&longs;dã">qua&longs;dam</expan> notaui nouis, quod genus &longs;unt, inge&longs;tor, di&longs;cretor, lotor, excoctor: <lb/>qua&longs;dam ueteribus uerbis de&longs;ignaui, quale e&longs;t ci&longs;ium. </s> <s>Etenim cùm Nonius <lb/>Marcellus &longs;cribat, uehiculi biroti genus e&longs;&longs;e: eo uocabulo nominare con&longs;ue <lb/>ui paruum uehiculum, cui unica e&longs;t rotula: quæ nomina &longs;i quis non proba­<lb/>uerit, is rebus i&longs;tis aut imponat magis propria, aut proferat ueterum literis <lb/>u&longs;itata. </s> <s>Hi autem libri, principes illu&longs;tri&longs;&longs;imi, multis de cau&longs;is in ue&longs;tro no­<lb/>mine apparent, &longs;ed maxime quod uobis metalla &longs;int fructuo&longs;i&longs;&longs;ima: <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> cum <lb/>maiores ue&longs;tri ex amplis earum & diuitibus regionibus uberes redituum <lb/>fructus ceperint: item uectigalium, quæ peregrini ex uijs pen&longs;itant, incolæ <lb/>ex decumis: tamen multo uberiores ex metallis ceperunt, ex quibus quoque<lb/>non pauca oppida nobilia orta &longs;unt, Fribergum &longs;cilicet, Annebergum, Ma <lb/>riebergum, Snebergum, <expan abbr="Gairũ">Gairum</expan>, Aldebergum, ut alia omittam: quin, &longs;i quid <lb/>ego &longs;entio, maiores diuitiæ nunc etiam in monto&longs;is ue&longs;trarum <expan abbr="regionũ">regionum</expan> lo­<lb/>cis &longs;ub terra latent, quàm &longs;upra <expan abbr="terrã">terram</expan> exi&longs;tant & appareant. </s> <s>Valete, Kemp­<lb/>nicij Hermundurorum Cal. </s> <s>Decembris, Anno M. D. L.</s></p><pb/><p type="head"> <s>GEORGIVS FABRICIVS IN LI­<lb/>bros Metallicos GEORGII AGRICOLAE phi­<lb/>lo&longs;ophi præ&longs;tanti&longs;&longs;imi.</s></p><p type="head"> <s>AD LECTOREM.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Si iuuatignita cogno&longs;cere fronte Chimæram, <lb/>Semicanem nympham, &longs;emibouemque uirum:</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Si centum capitum Titanem, totque ferentem <lb/>Sublimem manibus tela cruenta Gygen:</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Si iuuat Ætneum penetrare Cyclopis in antrum, <lb/>Atque alios, Vates quos peperere, metus:</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Nunc placcat mecum doctos euoluere libros, <lb/>Ingenium AGRICOLAE quos dedit acre tibi.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Non hic uana tenet &longs;u&longs;pen&longs;am fabula mentem: <lb/>Sed precium, utilitas multa, legentis erit.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Quidquid terra &longs;inu, gremioque recondidit imo, <lb/>Omne tibi multis eruit antè libris:</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Siue fluens &longs;uperas ultro nitatur in oras, <lb/>Inueniat facilem &longs;eu magis arte uiam.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Perpetui proprijs manant de fontibus amnes, <lb/>E&longs;t grauis Albuneæ &longs;ponte Mephitis odor.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Lethales &longs;unt &longs;ponte &longs;crobes Dicæarchidis oræ, <lb/>Et micat è media conditus ignis humo.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Plana Nari&longs;corum cùm tellus ar&longs;it in agro, <lb/>Ter curua nondum falce re&longs;ecta Ceres.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Nec dedit hoc damnum pa&longs;tor, nec Iuppiterigne: <lb/>Vulcani per &longs;e ruperat ira &longs;olum.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Terrifico aura foras erumpens, incita motu, <lb/>Sæpe facit montes, antè ubi plana uiæ e&longs;t.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Hæc ab&longs;tru&longs;a cauis, imoque incognita fundo, <lb/>Cognita natura &longs;æpe fuere duce.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Arte hominum, in lucem ueniunt quoque multa, manuque<lb/>Terræ multiplices effodiuntur opes.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Lydia &longs;ic nitrum profert, Islandia &longs;ulfur, <lb/>Ac modò Tyrrhenus mittit alumen ager.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Succina, quâ tri&longs;ido &longs;ubit æquor Vi&longs;tula cornu, <lb/>Pi&longs;cantur Codano corpora &longs;erua &longs;inu.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Quid memorem regum precio&longs;a in&longs;ignia gemmas, <lb/>Marmoraque excel&longs;is &longs;tructa &longs;ub a&longs;tra iugis?</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Nil lapides, nil &longs;axa moror: &longs;unt pulchra metalla, <lb/>Crœ&longs;e tuis opibus clara, Mydaque tuis,</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Quæque acer Macedo terra Creneide fodit, <lb/>Nomine permutans nomina pri&longs;ca &longs;uo.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>At nunc non ullis cedit GERMANIA terris, <pb/>Terra ferax hominum, terraque diues opum.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Hic auri in uenis locupletibus aura refulget, <lb/>Non alio me&longs;&longs;is carior ulla loco.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Auricomum extulerit felix Campania ramum, <lb/>Nec fructu nobis deficiente cadit.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Eruit argenti &longs;olidas hoc tempore ma&longs;&longs;as <lb/>Fo&longs;&longs;or, de proprijs armaque miles agris.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Ignotum Graijs e&longs;t He&longs;perijsque metallum, <lb/>Quod Bi&longs;emutum lingua paterna uocat.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Candidius nigro, &longs;ed plumbo nigrius albo, <lb/>No&longs;tra quoque hoc uena diuite fundit humus.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Funditur in tormenta, corus cum imitantia fulmen, <lb/>Æs, inque ho&longs;tiles ferrea ma&longs;&longs;a domos.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Scribuntur plumbo libri: quis credidit antè <lb/>Quàm mirandam artem Teutonis ora dedit?</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Nec tamen hoc alijs, aut illa petuntur ab oris, <lb/>Eruta Germano cuncta metalla &longs;olo.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Sed quid ego hæc repeto, monumentis tradita claris <lb/>AGRICOLAE, quæ nunc docta per ora uolant?</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Hic cau&longs;&longs;is ortus, & formas uiribus addit, <lb/>Et quærenda quibus &longs;int meliora locis.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Quæ &longs;i mente prius legi&longs;ti candidus æqua: <lb/>Da reliquis quoque nunc tempora pauca libris.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Vtilitas &longs;equitur cultorem: crede, uoluptas <lb/>Non iucunda minor, rara legentis, erit.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Iudicioque prius ne quis malè damnet iniquo, <lb/>Quæ &longs;unt auctoris munera mira Dei:</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Eripit ip&longs;e &longs;uis primùm tela ho&longs;tibus, inque<lb/>Mittentis torquet &longs;picula rapta caput.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Fertur equo latro, uehitur pirata triremi: <lb/>Ergo necandus equus, nec fabricanda ratis?</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Vi&longs;ceribus terræ lateant ab&longs;tru&longs;a metalla, <lb/>Vti opibus ne&longs;cit quòd mala turba &longs;uis?</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Qui&longs;quis es, aut doctis pareto monentibus, aut te <lb/>Inter habere bonos ne fateare locum.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Se non in prærupta metallicus abijcit audax, <lb/>Vt quondam immi&longs;&longs;o Curtius acer equo:</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Sed prius edi&longs;cit, quæ &longs;unt no&longs;cenda perito, <lb/>Quodque facit, multa doctus ab arte facit.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Vtque gubernator &longs;eruat cum &longs;idere uentos: <lb/>Sic minimè dubijs utitur ille notis.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Ia&longs;ides nauim, currus regit arte Meti&longs;cus: <lb/>Fo&longs;&longs;or opus peragit nec minus arte &longs;uum.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Indagat uenæ &longs;pacium, numerumque, modumque, <lb/>Siue obliqua &longs;uum, rectaúe tendat iter.</s></p><pb/><p type="main"> <s>Pa&longs;tor ut explorat quæ terra &longs;it apta colenti, <lb/>Quæ bene lanigeras, quæ malè pa&longs;cat oues.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>En terræ intentus, quid uincula linea tendit? </s> <s><lb/>Fungitur officio iam Ptolemæe tuo.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Vtque &longs;uæ inucnit men&longs;uram iuraque uenæ, <lb/>In uarios operas diuidit inde uiros.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Iamque aggre&longs;&longs;us opus, uiden'ut mouet omne quod ob&longs;tat, <lb/>A&longs;&longs;idua ut uer&longs;at &longs;trenuus arma manu?</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Ne tibi &longs;urde&longs;cant ferri tinnitibus aures, <lb/>Ad grauiora ideo con&longs;picienda ueni.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>In&longs;truit ecce &longs;uis nunc artibus ille minores: <lb/>Sedulitas nulli non opero&longs;a loco.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Metiri docet hic uenæ &longs;paciumque modumque, <lb/>Vtque regat po&longs;itis finibus arua lapis,</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Ne quis transmi&longs;&longs;o uiolentus limite pergens, <lb/>Non &longs;ibi conce&longs;&longs;as, in &longs;ua uertat, opes.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Hic docet in&longs;trumenta, quibus Plutonia regna <lb/>Tutus adit, &longs;axi permeat atque uias.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Quanta (uides) &longs;olidas expugnet machina terras: <lb/>Machina non ullo tempore ui&longs;a prius.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Cede nouis, nulla non inclyta laude uetu&longs;tas, <lb/>Po&longs;teritas meritis e&longs;t quoque grata tuis.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Tum quia Germano &longs;unt hæc inuenta &longs;ub axe, <lb/>Si quis es, inuidiæ contrahe uela tuæ.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Au&longs;onis ora tumet bellis, terra Attica cultu, <lb/>Germanum infractus tollit ad a&longs;tra labor.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Nec tamen ingenio &longs;olet infeliciter uti, <lb/>Mite gerat Phœbi, &longs;eu graue Martis opus.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Tempus ade&longs;t, &longs;tructis uenarum montibus, igne <lb/>Explorare, u&longs;um quem &longs;ibi uena ferat.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Non labor ingenio caret hic, non copia fructu, <lb/>E&longs;t adaperta bonæ prima fene&longs;tra &longs;pei.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Ergo in&longs;tat porrò grauiores ferre labores, <lb/>Intentas operi nec remouere manus.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Vrere &longs;iue locus po&longs;cat, &longs;eu tundere uenas, <lb/>Siue lauare lacu præter euntis aquæ.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Seu flammis iterum modicis torrere nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t, <lb/>Excoquere aut fa&longs;tis ignibus omne malum,</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Cùm fluit æs riuis, auri argentique metallum, <lb/>Spes animo fo&longs;&longs;or uix capit ip&longs;e &longs;uas.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Argentum cupidus fuluo &longs;ecernit ab auro, <lb/>Et plumbi lentam demit utrique moram.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Separat argentum, lucri &longs;tudio&longs;us, ab ære, <lb/>Seruatis, linquens deteriora, bonis.</s></p><pb/><p type="main"> <s>Quæ &longs;i cuncta uelim tenui percurrere uer&longs;u, <lb/>Ante alium reuehat Memnonis orta diem.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Po&longs;tremus labor e&longs;t, concretos di&longs;cere &longs;uccos, <lb/>Quos fert innumeris Teutona terra locis.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Quo &longs;al, quo nitrum, quo pacto fiat alumen, <lb/>V&longs;ibus artificis cùm parat illa manus:</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Nec non chalcantum, fulfur, fluidumque bitumen, <lb/>Ma&longs;&longs;aque quo uitri lenta dolanda modo.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Su&longs;cipit hæc hominum mirandos cura labores, <lb/>Pauperiem u&longs;queadeo ferre famemque graue e&longs;t,</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Tantus amor uictum paruis extundere natis, <lb/>Et patriæ ciuem non dare uelle malum.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Nec manet in terræ fo&longs;&longs;oris mer&longs;a latebris <lb/>Mens, &longs;ed fert domino uota precesque Deo.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Munificæ expectat, &longs;pe plenus, munera dextræ, <lb/>Extollens animum lætus ad a&longs;tra &longs;uum.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Diuitias CHRISTVS dat noticiamque fruendi, <lb/>Cui memori grates pectore &longs;emper agit.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Hoc quoque laudati quondam fecere Philippi, <lb/>Qui uirtutis habent cum pietate decus.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Huc oculos, huc flecte animum, &longs;uaui&longs;&longs;ime Lector, <lb/>Auctoremque pia no&longs;cito mente Deum.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>AGRICOLAE hinc optans opero&longs;o fau&longs;ta labori, <lb/>Laudibus eximij candidus e&longs;to uiri.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Ille &longs;uum extollit patriæ cum nomine nomen, <lb/>Et uir in ore frequens po&longs;teritatis erit.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Cuncta cadunt letho, &longs;tudij monumenta uigebunt, <lb/>Purpurei donec lumina &longs;olis erunt.<lb/></s></p><pb pagenum="1"/><p type="head"> <s>GEORGII AGRICO­<lb/>LAE DE RE METALLICA <lb/>LIBER PRIMVS.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Mvlti habent hanc opinionem, rem metallicam <lb/>fortuitum quiddam e&longs;&longs;e, & &longs;ordidum opus, atque<lb/>omnino eiu&longs;modi <expan abbr="negotiũ">negotium</expan> quod non tam artis <lb/>indigeat quàm laboris. </s> <s>Sed mihi, cum &longs;ingulas <lb/>eius partes animo, & cogitatione percurro, res <lb/>uidetur longe aliter &longs;e habere. </s> <s>Siquidem me­<lb/>tallicus &longs;it oportet &longs;uæ artis periti&longs;simus, ut pri <lb/>mo &longs;ciat, qui mons, qui collis, quæue ualle&longs;tris <lb/>aut campe&longs;tris po&longs;itio utiliter fodi po&longs;sit, aut re­<lb/>cu&longs;et fo&longs;sionem. </s> <s>Deinde uenæ, fibræ, commi&longs;&longs;uræque &longs;axorum ip&longs;i pate­<lb/>ant. </s> <s>Mox perno&longs;cat multiplices uaria&longs;que &longs;pecies <expan abbr="terrarũ">terrarum</expan>, &longs;uccorum, gem­<lb/>marum, lapidum, <expan abbr="marmorũ">marmorum</expan>, &longs;axorum, metallorum, mi&longs;torum: tum habe­<lb/>at cognitam omnem omnis operis &longs;ub terra faciendi rationem. </s> <s>Nota de­<lb/>nique ip&longs;i &longs;int artificia materiæ experiendæ, & parandæ ad excoctionem, <lb/>quæ etiam ip&longs;a e&longs;t admodum diuer&longs;a. </s> <s>Nam aliam exigit <expan abbr="aurũ">aurum</expan> & <expan abbr="argentũ">argentum</expan>, <lb/>aliam æs, aliam argentum <expan abbr="uiuũ">uiuum</expan>, aliam ferrum, aliam <expan abbr="plumbũ">plumbum</expan>, & in eo ip&longs;o <lb/>di&longs;similem candidum ac <expan abbr="cinereũ">cinereum</expan> uel nigrum. </s> <s>Quamuis autem ars &longs;uccos <lb/>liquidos coquendi ad &longs;pi&longs;situdinem e&longs;&longs;e &longs;ecreta à metallica po&longs;sit uideri, <lb/>tamen quia ijdem &longs;ucci effodiuntur etiam in terra den&longs;ati, aut excoquun­<lb/>tur ex quibu&longs;dam <expan abbr="terrarũ">terrarum</expan> lapidúmue generibus, quæ metallici effodiunt, <lb/>& quorum quædam metallis non carent, ab ea &longs;cparari non debet, quæ <lb/>excoctio <expan abbr="iterũ">iterum</expan> non e&longs;t &longs;implex, etenim alia e&longs;t &longs;alis, alia nitri, alia aluminis, <lb/>alia atramenti &longs;utorij, alia &longs;ulfuris, alia bituminis. </s> <s>Metallicus præterea &longs;it <lb/>oportet multarum <expan abbr="artiũ">artium</expan> & di&longs;ciplinarum non ignarus: Primo Philo&longs;o­<lb/>phiæ, ut <expan abbr="&longs;ubterraneorũ">&longs;ubterraneorum</expan> ortus & cau&longs;as, naturasque no&longs;cat: Nam ad fodien­<lb/>das uenas faciliore & <expan abbr="cõmodiore">commodiore</expan> uia perueniet, & ex effo&longs;is uberiores ca­<lb/>piet fructus. </s> <s>Secundo Medicinæ, ut fo&longs;&longs;oribus & alijs operarijs proui­<lb/>dere po&longs;sit, ne in morbos, quibus præ cæteris urgentur, incidant: aut &longs;i <lb/>inciderint, uel ip&longs;e eis curationes adhibere, uel ut medici adhibeant cura­<lb/>re. </s> <s>Tertio A&longs;tronomiæ, ut cogno&longs;cat cœli partes, atque ex eis <expan abbr="uenarũ">uenarum</expan> ex­<lb/>ten&longs;iones iudicet. </s> <s>Quarto <expan abbr="Men&longs;urarũ">Men&longs;urarum</expan> di&longs;ciplinæ, ut et metiri queat, quàm <lb/>alte fodiendus &longs;it puteus, ut pertineat ad <expan abbr="cuniculũ">cuniculum</expan> u&longs;que qui eò agitur, & <lb/>certos cuique fodinæ, præ&longs;ertim in profundo, <expan abbr="cõ&longs;tituere">con&longs;tituere</expan> fines terminosque. </s> <s><lb/>Tum <expan abbr="numerorũ">numerorum</expan> di&longs;ciplinæ &longs;it intelligens, ut &longs;umptus, qui in machinas & <lb/>fo&longs;siones habendi &longs;unt, ad calculos reuocare po&longs;sit. </s> <s>Deinde Architectu­<lb/>ræ, ut diuer&longs;as machinas &longs;ub&longs;tructione&longs;que ip&longs;e fabricari, uel magis fabri­<lb/>candi rationem alijs explicare queat. </s> <s>Po&longs;tea Picturæ, ut <expan abbr="machinarũ">machinarum</expan> ex­<lb/>empla deformare po&longs;sit. </s> <s>Po&longs;tremo Iuris, maxime metallici &longs;it peritus, ut <lb/>& alteri nihil &longs;urripiat, & &longs;ibi petat non <expan abbr="iniquũ">iniquum</expan>, munu&longs;que alijs de iure re­<lb/>&longs;pondendi &longs;u&longs;tineat. </s> <s>Itaque nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t ut is, cui placent certæ rationes & <pb pagenum="2"/>præcepta rei metallicæ hos aliosque no&longs;tros libros &longs;tudio&longs;e diligenterque le <lb/>gat, aut de quaque re con&longs;ulat experientes metallicos, &longs;ed paucos inueni­<lb/>et gnaros totius artis. </s> <s>Etenim plerunque alius fodiendi <expan abbr="ration&etilde;">rationem</expan> tenet: alius <lb/>percepit &longs;cientiam lauandi, alius arte excoquendi confidit: alius di&longs;cipli­<lb/>nam terræ metiendæ occultat: alius artificio&longs;e fabricatur machinas: alius <lb/>denique iuris metallici peritus e&longs;t. </s> <s>At nos ut <expan abbr="inueniendorũ">inueniendorum</expan> & <expan abbr="cõficiendo-rum">conficiendo­<lb/>rum</expan> metallorum &longs;cientiam non perfecerimus, hominibus certè &longs;tudio&longs;is <lb/>ad eam <expan abbr="percipi&etilde;dam">percipiendam</expan> magnum afferemus <expan abbr="adiumentũ">adiumentum</expan>. </s> <s>Verum accedamus <lb/>ad in&longs;titutam rationem.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Cvm &longs;emper fuerit inter homines &longs;umma de metallis di&longs;&longs;en&longs;io, quod <lb/>alij eis <expan abbr="præconiũ">præconium</expan> tribuerent, alij ea grauiter uituperarent, ui&longs;um mihi <lb/>e&longs;t, antequam metallica præcepta tradam, ueritatis inue&longs;tigandæ cau&longs;a <lb/>rem ip&longs;am diligenter expendere. </s> <s>Ordiar autem ab utilitatis quæ&longs;tione, <lb/>quæ duplex e&longs;t, aut enim quæritur, utilis nec ne &longs;it ars metallica his qui <lb/>uer&longs;antur in eius &longs;tudio: aut reliquis hominibus utilis ne &longs;it, an inutilis. </s> <s><lb/>Qui metallicam cen&longs;ent inutilem e&longs;&longs;e his, qui &longs;uum &longs;tudium in ip&longs;a collo­<lb/>cant, aiunt primo uix <expan abbr="cente&longs;imũ">cente&longs;imum</expan> quemque fodientem metalla, uel id genus <lb/>alia, fructus ex ea re capere. </s> <s>Sed metallicos, quia omnes &longs;uas opes certas <lb/>& bene con&longs;titutas <expan abbr="committũt">committunt</expan> dubiæ & lubricæ fortunæ, plerunque &longs;pe <lb/>falli, &longs;umptibusque & iacturis exhau&longs;tos <expan abbr="amari&longs;simã">amari&longs;simam</expan> tandem uitam, & mi­<lb/>&longs;errimam degere. </s> <s>Verum i&longs;ti non uident <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan> di&longs;tet doctus & u&longs;u pe­<lb/>ritus metallicus ab artis ignaro atque imperito, hic &longs;ine ullo delectu & di&longs;­<lb/>crimine fodit uenas, ille eas experitur atque tentat: Sed quia inuenit uel ni­<lb/>mis angu&longs;tas & duras, uellaxas & putres, ex eo colligit ip&longs;as utiliter fodi <lb/>non po&longs;&longs;e: itaque fodit &longs;electas tantum: quid igitur mirum? </s> <s>rerum <expan abbr="metalli-carũ">metalli­<lb/>carum</expan> imperitum damnum facere? </s> <s>peritum uero fructus ex fo&longs;sione cape­<lb/>re uberrimos? </s> <s>Contingit idem agricolis. </s> <s>Nam qui terram arant, <expan abbr="&longs;iccã">&longs;iccam</expan> pa <lb/><gap/>iter & den&longs;am & macram, eique mandant &longs;emina, <expan abbr="tantã">tantam</expan> non faciunt me&longs;­<lb/>&longs;em, quantam hi qui &longs;olum pingue ac putre colunt, & in eo faciunt <expan abbr="&longs;em&etilde;-tem">&longs;emen­<lb/>tem</expan>. </s> <s>Cum autem multo plures metallici &longs;int artis imperiti quàm periti, fit <lb/>ut metallorum fo&longs;sio perpaucis emolumento &longs;it, <expan abbr="detrimentũ">detrimentum</expan> afferat mul­<lb/>tis. </s> <s>Siquidem uulgus <expan abbr="metallicorũ">metallicorum</expan>, quod e&longs;t cognitionis uenarum rude ig <lb/>narumque, non raro & operam & <expan abbr="oleũ">oleum</expan> perdit. </s> <s>Id enim magna ex parte &longs;o­<lb/>let accurrere ad metalla, cum uel propter <expan abbr="magnũ">magnum</expan> & graue æs <expan abbr="alienũ">alienum</expan>, quo <lb/>&longs;e ob&longs;trinxit, <expan abbr="mercaturã">mercaturam</expan> depo&longs;uerit, uel laboris <expan abbr="cõmutandi">commutandi</expan> gratia relique­<lb/>rit falcem & aratrum. </s> <s>Quamobrem &longs;i quando incidit in uenas <expan abbr="metallorũ">metallorum</expan> <lb/>aliorúmue fo&longs;silium fœcundas, id bona magis fortuna accidit, quàm ali­<lb/>qua &longs;ubtili animaduer&longs;ione. </s> <s>Quod autem metallica multos auxerit diui­<lb/>tijs ex hi&longs;torijs intelligimus, etenim inter &longs;criptores antiquos con&longs;tat ali­<lb/>quot re&longs;pub. </s> <s>florentes, nonnullos reges, plurimos homines priuatos ex <lb/>metallis eorúmue ramentis diuites e&longs;&longs;e factos. </s> <s>Quam rem multis claris & <lb/>illu&longs;tribus exemplis u&longs;us, in primo libro De ueteribus & nouis metallis <lb/>in&longs;cripto dilataui atque explicaui, ex quibus exemplis apparet metallicam <lb/>&longs;uis cultoribus e&longs;&longs;e utili&longs;simam. </s> <s>Dein de ijdem reprehen&longs;ores dicunt me­<lb/>tallicæ <expan abbr="quæ&longs;tũ">quæ&longs;tum</expan> minime e&longs;&longs;e &longs;tabilem, magni&longs;que laudibus efferunt agricul­<pb pagenum="3"/>turam. </s> <s>Quàm autem uere hoc dicant non uideo: cum argentaria metalla <lb/>Fribergi ad annos iam <expan abbr="quadring&etilde;tos">quadringentos</expan> inexhau&longs;ta durent, plumbaria Go&longs;e <lb/>lariæ ad &longs;excentos, quorum utrunque ex annalium monumentis conquiri <lb/>pote&longs;t: Schemnicij uero & Cremnicij communia argenti et auri ad octin <lb/>gentos, quod antiqui&longs;sima <expan abbr="incolarũ">incolarum</expan> priuilegia loquuntur. </s> <s>Sed dicunt <lb/>&longs;ingularum fodinarum quæ&longs;tum &longs;tabilem non e&longs;&longs;e qua&longs;i uero metallicus <lb/>uni fodinæ aut &longs;it aut addictus e&longs;&longs;e debeat, ac non multi <expan abbr="cõmuniter">communiter</expan> im­<lb/>pen&longs;as faciant in metalla: aut peritus artis non fodiat <expan abbr="alterã">alteram</expan> uenam, &longs;i pri­<lb/>oris fortuna eius uotis amplius non <expan abbr="re&longs;põderit">re&longs;ponderit</expan>: attamen Schonbergij me <lb/>talli, quod Fribergi e&longs;t, quæ&longs;tus &longs;upra hominis ætatem &longs;tabilis <expan abbr="permã&longs;it">perman&longs;it</expan>. </s> <s><lb/>Verum mihi <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> e&longs;t in animo derogare aliquid de dignitate agriculturæ, <lb/>minusque &longs;tabilem <expan abbr="quæ&longs;tũ">quæ&longs;tum</expan> metallicorum e&longs;&longs;e, non libenter modo, &longs;ed <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb/>&longs;emper fatebor, quod uenæ tandem de&longs;inant effundere metalla, cum agri <lb/>in <expan abbr="perpetuũ">perpetuum</expan> efferre fruges &longs;oleant. </s> <s>Sed metallicorum quæ&longs;tus quo minus <lb/>e&longs;t &longs;tabilis, eò e&longs;t uberior, ut inita ratione quod &longs;tabilitati dee&longs;t, ubertate <lb/>reperiatur æquari: Etenim fodinæ plumbariæ quæ&longs;tus annuus cum fru­<lb/>ctibus agri optimi <expan abbr="cõparatus">comparatus</expan>, ip&longs;is triplus aut <expan abbr="minimũ">minimum</expan> duplus e&longs;t. </s> <s>Quot <lb/>ergo partibus antecedit ei&longs;dem fructibus quæ&longs;tus <expan abbr="arg&etilde;tariæ">argentariæ</expan> uel aurariæ <lb/>uenæ? </s> <s>Quocirca uere ac &longs;cite Xenophon &longs;crip&longs;it de <expan abbr="Athenien&longs;iũ">Athenien&longs;ium</expan> argen­<lb/>tarijs metallis. </s> <s>E&longs;t terra in qua, &longs;i <expan abbr="&longs;ement&etilde;">&longs;ementem</expan> feceris, non fundit fruges, &longs;i ue­<lb/>ro eam foderis, multo plures alit, quàm &longs;i fruges ferret. </s> <s>Habeant igitur <lb/>&longs;ibi agricolæ uberes campos colantque colles fertiles <expan abbr="frugũ">frugum</expan> gratia: metalli­<lb/>cis ualles tenebrico&longs;as <expan abbr="relinquãt">relinquant</expan>, & montes &longs;teriles, ut ex ip&longs;is eruant <expan abbr="g&etilde;-mas">gen­<lb/>mas</expan> & metalla, non precia modo frugum, &longs;ed rerum <expan abbr="omniũ">omnium</expan> quæ uendun <lb/>tur. </s> <s>Tum dicunt periculo&longs;um e&longs;&longs;e metallicæ operam dare, quod metallo­<lb/>rum fo&longs;&longs;ores interimantur modo ab aere pe&longs;tifero, quem &longs;piritu ducunt, <lb/>modo haurientes puluerem pulmones <expan abbr="exulcerãtem">exulcerantem</expan>, macie extabe&longs;cant: <lb/>modo intereant, ruinis montium oppre&longs;si: nunc uero de &longs;calis in puteos <lb/>delap&longs;i brachia, crura, ceruices frangant, <expan abbr="nullũ">nullum</expan> autem utilitatis fructum <lb/>tanti æ&longs;timare debere, ut propter eius <expan abbr="magnitudin&etilde;">magnitudinem</expan> &longs;alus hominis & uita <lb/>ad ducatur in <expan abbr="maximũ">maximum</expan> quodque periculum & extremum di&longs;crimen. </s> <s>Hæc <lb/>quidem fateor <expan abbr="perquã">perquam</expan> grauia e&longs;&longs;e atque adeo plena terroris & periculi, ut <lb/>ip&longs;orum <expan abbr="uitandorũ">uitandorum</expan> cau&longs;a cen&longs;erem metalla <expan abbr="fodi&etilde;da">fodienda</expan> non e&longs;&longs;e, &longs;i uel &longs;æpius <lb/>in ea incurrerent <expan abbr="metallorũ">metallorum</expan> fo&longs;&longs;ores, uel ab eis &longs;ibi nulla <expan abbr="ratiõe">ratione</expan> cauere po&longs; <lb/>&longs;ent. </s> <s>Qui enim non potior e&longs;&longs;et uiuendi ratio, quam uel uniuer&longs;a <expan abbr="po&longs;sid&etilde;-di">po&longs;siden­<lb/>di</expan>, nedum metalla? </s> <s>quanque qui &longs;ic perit, po&longs;sidet quidem nulla, &longs;ed ea re­<lb/>linquit hæredi. </s> <s>Cum autem raro eiusmodi accidant, & improuidis dun­<lb/>taxat fo&longs;&longs;oribus, metallicos non ab&longs;terrent à fo&longs;sione <expan abbr="metallorũ">metallorum</expan>, ut nec à <lb/>&longs;uo artificio fabros materiarios ab&longs;terret unus aliquis ex ip&longs;is, qui, quia <lb/>incaute egit, ab alto ædificio delap&longs;us <expan abbr="animã">animam</expan> efflauit. </s> <s>I&longs;ta re&longs;pondi ad &longs;in­<lb/>gula, quæ mihi obijcere &longs;olent hi, qui uociferantur rem <expan abbr="metallicã">metallicam</expan> &longs;uis cul­<lb/>toribus e&longs;&longs;e inutilem, cum quod &longs;umptus impendant ad <expan abbr="incertũ">incertum</expan> ca&longs;um, <lb/>tum quod ip&longs;a <expan abbr="cõmutabilis">commutabilis</expan> &longs;it & pernicio&longs;a. </s> <s>Nunc uenio ad eos qui e­<lb/>andem cæteris hominibus utilem non e&longs;&longs;e aiunt, quia &longs;cilicet metalla & <lb/>gemmæ, & reliqua fo&longs;silium genera ip&longs;is inutilia &longs;int. </s> <s>Quod contendunt <pb pagenum="4"/>partim probare argumentis, & exemplis, partim conuitio à nobis extor­<lb/>quere: utuntur autem primo his <expan abbr="argum&etilde;tis">argumentis</expan>. </s> <s>Terra non occultat & ab o­<lb/>culis remouet ea quæ <expan abbr="hominũ">hominum</expan> generi utilia &longs;unt & nece&longs;&longs;aria, &longs;ed ut bene­<lb/>fica benignaque mater maxima largitate fundit ex &longs;e&longs;e, & in a&longs;pectum lu­<lb/>cemque profert herbas, legumina, fruges, fructus <expan abbr="arborũ">arborum</expan>: at fo&longs;silia in pro­<lb/>fundo penitus ab&longs;trudit, eruenda igitur non &longs;unt. </s> <s>Quia uero ip&longs;a eruunt <lb/>homines &longs;celerati, quos ut poetæ loquuntur, ferrea i&longs;ta ætas progignit, <lb/>Ouidius eam audaciam merito in&longs;equitur his uer&longs;ibus.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Nec tantum &longs;egetes alimentaque debita diues</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Po&longs;cebatur humus, &longs;ed itum e&longs;t in ui&longs;cera terræ,</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Qua&longs;que recondiderat, Stygijsque admouerat undis,</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Effodiuntur opes, irritamenta malorum.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Iamque nocens ferrum ferroque nocentius aurum</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Prodierat, prodit bellum.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Alterum eorum argumentum e&longs;t: Metalla nullum utilitatis <expan abbr="fructũ">fructum</expan> ho <lb/>mini præbent, eaigitur &longs;crutari non debemus. </s> <s>Cum enim homo con&longs;ter <lb/>ex animo & corpore, <expan abbr="neutrũ">neutrum</expan> eget fo&longs;silibus: animi nanque pa&longs;tus &longs;uaui&longs;si­<lb/>mus e&longs;t contemplatio naturæ, optimarum artium di&longs;ciplinarumque co­<lb/>gnitio, perceptio uirtutum, in quibus optimis rebus &longs;i &longs;e exerceat &longs;atu­<lb/>ratus bonarum <expan abbr="cognitionũ">cognitionum</expan> epulis nullius rei de&longs;iderio tenetur. </s> <s>Corporis <lb/>uero natura quamuis uictu ue&longs;tituque nece&longs;&longs;ario <expan abbr="cõtenta">contenta</expan> &longs;it, fruges tamen <lb/>terræ atque diuer&longs;i generis animantes, ip&longs;i <expan abbr="&longs;uppeditãt">&longs;uppeditant</expan> mirabilem cibi & po<lb/>tionis copiam, qua <expan abbr="cõmodi&longs;sime">commodi&longs;sime</expan> alitur, auge&longs;cit, uitam ad multum tem­<lb/>poris producit. </s> <s>Linum autem & lana multorumque <expan abbr="animaliũ">animalium</expan> pelles cor­<lb/>pori <expan abbr="ue&longs;titũ">ue&longs;titum</expan> dant copio&longs;um et parabilem ac minime carum, delicatum ue­<lb/>ro nec difficilem inuentu arborum lanugo, quod &longs;ericum appellatur, & <lb/><expan abbr="bõbicis">bombicis</expan> telæ, ut nihil pror&longs;us ip&longs;i opus &longs;it metallis penitus in terra abdi­<lb/>tis & <expan abbr="maxiã">maxiam</expan> ex parte precio&longs;is. </s> <s>Quare quod ab Euripide dictum e&longs;t ferunt <lb/>probari in omni doctorum hominum cœtu, atque id merito &longs;emper in ore <lb/>habui&longs;&longs;e Socratem.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Non opera &longs;unt argentea atque purpura</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Vitæ hominum, &longs;ed magis tragœdis u&longs;ui.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Laudant etiam hoc Timocreontis Rodij: Vtinam cæce Plute nec in ter <lb/>ra, nec in mari, nec in <expan abbr="cõtinente">continente</expan> appareres, &longs;ed habitares in Tartaro & A­<lb/>charonte, ex te enim omnia oriuntur mala quæ &longs;ubeunt homines. </s> <s>Ad cœ <lb/>lum laud<gap/>bus extollunt uer&longs;us Phocylidis.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Aurum atque argentum damno e&longs;t mortalibus, aurum</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Dux &longs;celerum, uitæ pe&longs;tis, rerumque ruina,</s></p><p type="main"> <s>O utinam clades non delectabilis e&longs;&longs;es,</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Te propter fiunt raptus, homicidia, pugnæ,</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Fratribus infen&longs;i fratres, nati&longs;que parentes,</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Placet præterea eis illud Naumachij: <lb/>argentum puluis & aurum.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Puluis areno&longs;o pelagi quicunque lapilli</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Littore quique iacent fluuiorum margine &longs;par&longs;i.</s></p><pb pagenum="5"/><p type="main"> <s>Contra uituperant hos Euripidis uer&longs;us.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Plutus deus &longs;apientibus, &longs;unt cætera</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Nugæ, &longs;imulque uerborum præ&longs;tigiæ.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Item hos Theognidis,</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Te pulcherrime & ò placidi&longs;sime Plute deorum <lb/>Dum teneam, po&longs;sum uel malus e&longs;&longs;e bonus.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>In&longs;ectantur <expan abbr="Ari&longs;todemũ">Ari&longs;todemum</expan> Spartanum quod dixerit: pecuniæ uir, pau­<lb/>per nullus neque bonus e&longs;t, neque honoratus. </s> <s>Reprehendunt hæc Timo­<lb/>clis carmina.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Argentum & anima & &longs;anguis e&longs;t mortalibus..</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Cuius &longs;ibi qui non conge&longs;sit copiam,</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Vagatur ille uiuos inter mortuus.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Accu&longs;ant denique Menandrum quod &longs;crip&longs;erit.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Epicharmus e&longs;&longs;e prædicat Deos, aquam,</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Vento&longs;que & ignem, terram, &longs;olem, &longs;ydera.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>At ip&longs;e iudico e&longs;&longs;e Deos utiles</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Aurum argentumque no&longs;trum, nanque &longs;i domi</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Ponens tuæ locaueris hos, quicquid uoles</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Petas licet, tibi contingent omnia:</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Ager, domus, &longs;eruique & opera argentea,</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Nec non amici, iudices, te&longs;tes, modo</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Largire, nam deos mini&longs;tros po&longs;sides.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Hæc præterea premunt argumenta, <expan abbr="metallorũ">metallorum</expan> fo&longs;sionibus agri <expan abbr="ua&longs;tã">ua&longs;tam</expan> <lb/>tur, quo circa quondam Italiæ <expan abbr="cautũ">cautum</expan> e&longs;t lege, ne quis <expan abbr="metallorũ">metallorum</expan> cau&longs;a ter <lb/>ram foderet, & agros illos uberrimos, ac uineta oliuetaque <expan abbr="corrũperet">corrumperet</expan>, &longs;yl­<lb/>uæ & nemora &longs;ucciduntur, nam lignis infinitis opus e&longs;t ad <expan abbr="&longs;ub&longs;tructiões">&longs;ub&longs;tructiones</expan>, <lb/>ad machinas, ad metalla excoquenda. </s> <s>Syluis autem & nemoribus &longs;ucci&longs;is <lb/>exterminantur uolucres & be&longs;tiæ, <expan abbr="quarũ">quarum</expan> pleræque homini cibus &longs;unt lau­<lb/>tus & &longs;uauis. </s> <s>Venæ metallicæ lauantur, quæ lotura, quia uenenis inficit <lb/>riuos & fluuios, pi&longs;ces aut necat, aut ex eis abigit. </s> <s>Cum igitur incolæ re­<lb/>gionum propter agrorum, &longs;yluarum, nemorum, riuorum, <expan abbr="fluminũ">fluminum</expan> ua&longs;ti­<lb/>tatem incurrant in magnam difficultatem rerum, quæ &longs;uppeditant ad ui­<lb/>ctum, parandarum: propter lignorum <expan abbr="inopiã">inopiam</expan> maiorem impen&longs;am faciant <lb/>in ædificia extruenda, palàm ante oculos <expan abbr="omniũ">omnium</expan> e&longs;t, plus in fo&longs;sione detri <lb/>menti e&longs;&longs;e, quàm in metallis emolumenti, quæ fo&longs;sione <expan abbr="pariũtur">pariuntur</expan>. </s> <s>Deinde <lb/>exemplis acriter pugnantes, contra metalla clamant, <expan abbr="præ&longs;tãti&longs;simũ">præ&longs;tanti&longs;simum</expan> quen­<lb/>que uirum uirtutibus <expan abbr="cõtentum">contentum</expan> ea neglexi&longs;&longs;e: laudantque Biantem pro­<lb/>pterea quod i&longs;ta ludibria fortunæ ne &longs;ua quidem putauerit, eius enim <expan abbr="pa-triã">pa­<lb/>triam</expan> Prienem cum cepi&longs;&longs;ent ho&longs;tes, & &longs;ui ciues onu&longs;ti rebus precio&longs;is de­<lb/>di&longs;&longs;ent &longs;e&longs;e in fugam, interrogatus à quodam cur nihil de &longs;uis bonis <expan abbr="&longs;ecũ">&longs;ecum</expan> <lb/>efferret, re&longs;pondit: omnia mea mecum porto. </s> <s>Et Socrates inquiunt acce <lb/>pit uiginti minas ad &longs;e mi&longs;&longs;as ab Ari&longs;tippo grato di&longs;cipulo, &longs;ed eas Dei <lb/>iu&longs;&longs;u a&longs;pernatus eidem remi&longs;it. </s> <s>Ari&longs;tippus autem in hac re &longs;ecutus præ­<lb/>ceptorem aurum &longs;preuit, ac pro nihilo putauit. </s> <s>Cum enim iter faceret u­<lb/>nà cum &longs;eruis, & ij præ auri pondere tardius irent, iu&longs;sit eos tantum ip&longs;i­<pb pagenum="6"/>us retinere, quantum &longs;ine labore ferre po&longs;&longs;ent, reliquum de&longs;e abijcere. </s> <s><lb/>Quin Anacreon Teius uetus atque nobilis poeta quinque talenta, quibus à <lb/>Polycrate donatus fuit, cum de ijs duas noctes &longs;olicitus fui&longs;&longs;et, reddidit <lb/>dicens, non e&longs;&longs;e digna curis, quæ &longs;int &longs;u&longs;cipienda de ip&longs;is. </s> <s>Nobiles item <lb/>& egregiè fortes imperatores fuerunt <expan abbr="philo&longs;ophorũ">philo&longs;ophorum</expan> &longs;imiles auri <expan abbr="arg&etilde;tiquede&longs;picientia">argentique<lb/>de&longs;picientia</expan> ac contemptione: &longs;iquidem Phocion Athenien&longs;is, qui &longs;æpius <lb/>dux exercitus fuit, <expan abbr="magnũ">magnum</expan> auri pondus, &longs;ibi dono mi&longs;&longs;um ab Alexandro <lb/>Macedonum rege, paruum duxit & contemp&longs;it. </s> <s>& M. </s> <s>Curius aurum, <lb/>Fabricius Lu&longs;cinus argentum & æs referre Samnitibus iu&longs;sit. </s> <s>Sed etiam <lb/>re&longs;pub. </s> <s>quædam aurum & argentum legibus & in&longs;titutis ab u&longs;u et tracta<lb/>tione &longs;uorum ciuium <expan abbr="exclu&longs;erũt">exclu&longs;erunt</expan>. </s> <s>Etenim Lacædemones decreto & di&longs;ci <lb/>plina Lycurgi diligenter inquirebant in &longs;uos ciues, ea po&longs;siderent nec ne, <lb/>po&longs;&longs;e&longs;&longs;or autem deprehen&longs;us pœnas legibus & iudicio dedit. </s> <s>& oppidi <lb/>ad Tigrim, quod Babytace nominabatur, incolæ atque habitatores <expan abbr="aurũ">aurum</expan> <lb/>defodiebant in terra, ne quis eo uteretur. </s> <s>& Scytarchæ u&longs;um auri argen­<lb/>tique condemnabant, ut auaricia &longs;e abdicarent. </s> <s>Tum metalla conuicijs ia­<lb/>ctantur. </s> <s>Primo autem petulanter i&longs;ti <expan abbr="maledicũt">maledicunt</expan> auro & argento, <expan abbr="uocãtquefune&longs;tas">uocantque<lb/>fune&longs;tas</expan> & nefarias pe&longs;tes humani generis, nam ea qui po&longs;sident maximo <lb/>in periculo &longs;unt, quos deficiunt, po&longs;&longs;e&longs;&longs;oribus tendunt in&longs;idias, quam­<lb/>obrem utri&longs;que <expan abbr="&longs;æpenũero">&longs;æpenunero</expan> cau&longs;a interitus & exitij fuerunt. </s> <s>Siquidem Po­<lb/>lymne&longs;tor rex Thracum, ut potiretur auro, interfecit <expan abbr="Polydorũ">Polydorum</expan> illu&longs;trem <lb/>ho&longs;pitem & filium Priami, &longs;oceri &longs;ui & ueteris amici. </s> <s>The&longs;auros quoque<lb/>auri argentique ut raperet Pygmaleon Tyriorum rex &longs;ororis <expan abbr="maritũ">maritum</expan> & &longs;a­<lb/>cerdotem, nullam habens rationem neque affinitatis, neque religionis, ob­<lb/>truncauit. </s> <s>Auri gratia Eriphyle Amphiaraum maritum ho&longs;ti prodidit. </s> <s><lb/>La&longs;thenes Olynthum urbem Philippo Macedoni: Sp. </s> <s>Tarpeij filia auro <lb/>corrupta Sabinos in arcem Romanam accepit. </s> <s>C. </s> <s>Curio patriam auro <lb/>uendidit Cæ&longs;ari dictatori. </s> <s>At Ae&longs;culapio &longs;ummo medico, & ut habitus <lb/>e&longs;t, Apollinis filio, aurum interitus cau&longs;a fuit. </s> <s>Similiter M. </s> <s>Cra&longs;&longs;us cum <lb/>auro Parthorum inhiaret, profligatus una cum filio & undecim legioni­<lb/>bus, ho&longs;ti ludibrio fuit. </s> <s>Is enim aurum liquidum infundens in rictum in­<lb/>terfecti dixit: Aurum &longs;iti&longs;ti, aurum bibe. </s> <s>Sed quid multis hi&longs;toriarum ex­<lb/>emplis hic nobis opus e&longs;t? </s> <s>cum uideamus diebus ferè &longs;ingulis propter au <lb/>rum argentúmue fores effringi, perfodi parietes, mi&longs;eros uiatores occidi, <lb/>ab i&longs;to rapaci & crudeli genere <expan abbr="hominũ">hominum</expan> nato ad furta, ad &longs;acrilegia, ad ex­<lb/>cur&longs;iones & latrocinia, fures <expan abbr="cõtra">contra</expan> correptos &longs;u&longs;pendi, &longs;acrilegos uiuos <lb/>comburi, latronum artus rota confringi, bella quoque non exitio&longs;a <expan abbr="tantũ">tantum</expan> <lb/>ijs quibus inferuntur, &longs;ed ijs etiam qui ea faciunt, geri propter eadem. </s> <s><lb/>Quinetiam ea ip&longs;a, dicunt, dant facultatem ad omne flagitium, uirginum <lb/>&longs;cilicet corruptelas, & adulteria, & ince&longs;ta, &longs;tupra denique quæ per uim <expan abbr="of-ferũtur">of­<lb/>feruntur</expan>. </s> <s>Itaque Poetæ cum fingunt louem in aureum imbrem uer&longs;um, atque<lb/>illap&longs;um in &longs;inum Danaes, non aliud uolunt, quàm ip&longs;um auro muni&longs;&longs;e <lb/>&longs;ibi tutam uiam, qua ingrederetur in turrim ad uitium faciendum uirgini. </s> <s><lb/>Præterea auro & argento multorum fides labefactatur, emuntur iudicia, <lb/>infinita &longs;celera eduntur. </s> <s>Etenim ut Propertius inquit,</s></p><pb pagenum="7"/><p type="main"> <s>Aurea nunc uere &longs;unt &longs;ecula, plurimus auro <lb/>Venit honos, auro conciliatur amor.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Auro pul&longs;a fides, auro uenalia iura, <lb/>Aurum lex &longs;equitur, mox &longs;ine lege pudor.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Et Diphilus</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Auro puto nihil quicquam potentius,</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Illo &longs;ecantur, illo fiunt omnia.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Optimus igitur qui&longs;que i&longs;ta meritò ac iure contemnit, & pro nihilo du­<lb/>cit. </s> <s>Illudque dicit &longs;enis Plautini:</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Odi ego aurum, multa multis &longs;æpe &longs;ua&longs;it perperam.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Ibi uero etiam Poetæ acerbe, & <expan abbr="cõtumelio&longs;e">contumelio&longs;e</expan> inuehuntur in pecuniam <lb/>ex auro & argento conflatam. </s> <s>Inprimis autem Iuuenalis:</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Quando quidem inter nos &longs;ancti&longs;sima diuitiarum</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Maie&longs;tas, & &longs;i fune&longs;ta pecunia templo</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Nondum habitas, nullas nummorum ereximus aras.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Et in alio loco.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Prima peregrinos ob&longs;cœna pecunia mores</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Intulit, & turpi fregerunt &longs;ecula luxu</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Diuitiæ molles.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Et plerique uehementer laudant rerum <expan abbr="permutation&etilde;">permutationem</expan>, qua ante <expan abbr="repertã">repertam</expan> <lb/>pecuniam quondam homines u&longs;i &longs;unt, & nunc &longs;implices quædam natio­<lb/>nes utuntur. </s> <s>Deinde reliquis metallis grande conuitium faciunt, impri­<lb/>mis uero ferro, quo nulla pernities maior hominum uitæ afferri potuit: <lb/>etenim ex eo efficiuntur gladij, pila, ha&longs;tæ, conti, &longs;agittæ, quibus homi­<lb/>nes uulnerantur, & cædes, latrocinia, bella fiunt, quæ res cum Plinio <expan abbr="&longs;to-machũ">&longs;to­<lb/>machum</expan> moui&longs;&longs;et, &longs;crip&longs;it: ferro utimur non cominus &longs;olum, &longs;ed etiam mi&longs;­<lb/>&longs;ili uolucrique, nunc tormentis excu&longs;&longs;o, nunc lacertis, nunc uero pennato, <lb/>quam <expan abbr="&longs;celerati&longs;simã">&longs;celerati&longs;simam</expan> humani ingenij fraudem arbitror. </s> <s>Siquidem ut ocy­<lb/>us mors perueniret ad hominem, alitem illam fecimus, pennasque ferro de­<lb/>dimus. </s> <s>Veruntamen mi&longs;sile in unius corpore figitur, item &longs;agitta &longs;iue e­<lb/>am mittat arcus, &longs;iue &longs;corpio, &longs;iue catapulta, at ferreus bombardæ globus <lb/>in aerem expre&longs;&longs;us, per <expan abbr="multorũ">multorum</expan> corpora ire pote&longs;t, & <expan abbr="nullũ">nullum</expan> marmor &longs;ax­<lb/>úmue obiectum tam durum e&longs;t, ut ip&longs;um &longs;uo ictu &longs;uaque ui non perfringat <lb/>Quocirca alti&longs;simas turres æquat &longs;olo, et muros firmi&longs;simos findit, <expan abbr="perrũ">perrum</expan> <lb/>pit, di&longs;ij cit: ut certè bali&longs;tæ, quæ mittunt &longs;axa, & arietes atque alia <expan abbr="ueterũ">ueterum</expan> tor <lb/>menta, quæ murum percutiunt, & propugnacula deijciunt, cum bom­<lb/>bardis comparata, non magnam uim habere uideantur. </s> <s>Quæ <expan abbr="bõbardæ">bombardæ</expan>, <lb/>quia horribiles fundunt &longs;onos & fremitus, non &longs;ecus ac &longs;i tonitrua e&longs;&longs;ent: <lb/>emittunt ex &longs;e flammas coru&longs;cantes, ut fulgetra, ædificia quæque affligunt, <lb/>comminuunt, di&longs;sipant, ignem euomunt & incendium excitant, non ali­<lb/>ter atque fulminum iactus: de no&longs;træ ætatis impijs hominibus diceretur re <lb/>ctius, quàm quondam de Salmoneo, fulmina eos eripui&longs;&longs;e loui et à mani­<lb/>bus extor&longs;i&longs;&longs;e, imò uero hanc perniciem hominum ab inferis emi&longs;&longs;am in <lb/>terras, ut plures unò ictu concidentes ad &longs;e raperet orcus. </s> <s>Sed quoniam <pb pagenum="8"/>bombardæ quæ in manu teneri po&longs;&longs;unt, hodie raro &longs;iunt ex ferro, magnæ <lb/>nunquam, &longs;ed ex æris & plumbi candidi quadam mi&longs;tione, idcirco in æs <lb/>& plumbum plura maledicta conferunt, quàm in ferrum. </s> <s>Hocloco eti­<lb/>am commemorant æneum Phalaridis taurum, æneum <expan abbr="Pergamenorũbo">Pergamenorumbo</expan> <lb/>uem, canem ferreum, eculeum, manicas, compedes, cuneos, uncos, lami­<lb/>nas ignitas. </s> <s>His homines crudeliter torti, confitentur maleficia & facino­<lb/>ra, quæ nunquam <expan abbr="cõmi&longs;erunt">commi&longs;erunt</expan>, atque innocentes omni &longs;upplicio mi&longs;errime <lb/>&longs;ic ex cruciati <expan abbr="necãtur">necantur</expan>. </s> <s>Plumbum etiam nigrum pe&longs;tiferum et nocens e&longs;&longs;e, <lb/>eoque liquido puniri homines, ex hoc carmine Horatij, de fortuna loquen <lb/>tis conuincitur.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Te &longs;emper anteit &longs;æua nece&longs;sitas</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Clauos trabaleis, & cuneos manu</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Ge&longs;tans ahena, nec &longs;euerus</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Vncus abe&longs;t, liquidumque plumbum.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Vtuero magis odium concitent in hoc metallum, non &longs;ilent de plum­<lb/>batis & globulis paruarum <expan abbr="bõbardarum">bombardarum</expan> ex eo factis, & læ&longs;ionis necisque<lb/>cau&longs;am in ip&longs;um <expan abbr="cõferunt">conferunt</expan>. </s> <s>Itaque cum natura in profundo terræ metalla pe <lb/>nitus ab&longs;tru&longs;erit, ad u&longs;us uitæ non &longs;int nece&longs;&longs;aria, &longs;preta &longs;unt ab optimo <lb/>quo que uiro & repudiata, effodienda non &longs;unt, & cum effo&longs;&longs;a &longs;emper mul <lb/>torum & magnorum malorum cau&longs;a extiterint: &longs;equitur ip&longs;am etiam ar­<lb/>tem metallicam <expan abbr="hominũ">hominum</expan> generi utilem non e&longs;&longs;e, &longs;ed noxiam exitio&longs;amque. </s> <s><lb/>I&longs;tis autem tragœdijs uiri boni complures ita <expan abbr="perturbãtur">perturbantur</expan>, ut odium acer <lb/>bi&longs;simum in metalla concipiant, eaque pror&longs;us non gigni uelint, aut genita <lb/>à nemine omnium effodi. </s> <s>Sed quo magis &longs;ingularem illorum integrita­<lb/>tem & innocentiam bonitatemque laudo, eò maiori curæ mihi erit, ut om­<lb/>nis error ex eorum animis extirpetur, ac funditus tollatur, utque aperiatur <lb/>&longs;ententia uera, & humano generi perutilis. </s> <s><expan abbr="Primũ">Primum</expan> qui metalla accu&longs;ant <lb/>& ea u&longs;u abdicant, non uident&longs;e Deum ip&longs;um accu&longs;are, & &longs;celerum dam­<lb/>nare, ut quem res qua&longs;dam fru&longs;tra ac &longs;ine cau&longs;a condidi&longs;&longs;e autument, & <lb/>malorum autorem e&longs;&longs;e putent, quæ &longs;anè &longs;ententia pijs hominibus & peri <lb/>tis uiris digna non e&longs;t. </s> <s>Deinde, metalla certè terra non <expan abbr="recõdit">recondit</expan> in profun­<lb/>do, propterea quod ea ab hominibus fodi non uelit, &longs;ed quia prouida &longs;o <lb/>lersque natura <expan abbr="&longs;uũ">&longs;uum</expan> cuique rei locum dedit, ea gignit in uenis et fibris <expan abbr="cõmi&longs;&longs;u">commi&longs;&longs;u</expan> <lb/>risque &longs;axorum, tan quam in ua&longs;is proprijs, & materiæ receptaculis: etenim <lb/>in reliquis elementis aut gigni non po&longs;&longs;unt, quòd ip&longs;is materia de&longs;it, aut <lb/>genita in aere, id quod perraro euenit, non reperiunt locum con&longs;i&longs;tendi, <lb/>&longs;ed &longs;ua ui &longs;uoque pondere deor&longs;um in terram feruntur. </s> <s>Cum igitur metal­<lb/>la &longs;edem propriam et &longs;tabilem <expan abbr="habeãt">habeant</expan> in ui&longs;ceribus terræ, quis non uidet <lb/>i&longs;tos, id quod uolunt probabili <expan abbr="argum&etilde;tatione">argumentatione</expan> non concludere? </s> <s>Sed di­<lb/>cunt: quanquam metalla &longs;unt in terra, ut in proprio &longs;ui ortus loco locata, <lb/>quia tamen inclu&longs;a & abdita latent in occulto, non &longs;unt eruenda. </s> <s>Ego au­<lb/>tem i&longs;tis reprehen&longs;oribus nimium mole&longs;tis pro metallis pi&longs;ces regeram, <lb/>quos occultos & latentes in aquis, marinis etiam, capimus, cum multo <lb/>magis alienum &longs;it ab hominis terreni animalis uita maris interiora, quàm <lb/>terræ ui&longs;cera &longs;crutari. </s> <s>Siquidem ut aues ad liberè uolitandum per aerem <pb pagenum="9"/>natæ &longs;unt, ita pi&longs;ces ad peruagandas aquas, cæteris autem animantibus <lb/>natura dedit terram, ut in ea habitent, homini præterea ut ip&longs;am colat, & <lb/>ex eius cauernis metalla aliaque fo&longs;silia eliciat. </s> <s>Rur&longs;us ijdem dicunt pi&longs;ci­<lb/>bus ue&longs;cimur, at fo&longs;&longs;ilibus neque fames &longs;itisque depellitur, neque utilia &longs;unt ad <lb/>corpus ue&longs;tiendum: quod e&longs;t alterum argumentum, quo <expan abbr="contendũt">contendunt</expan> pro­<lb/>bare, metalla eruenda non e&longs;&longs;e. </s> <s>Verum homo &longs;ine metallis non pote&longs;t pa <lb/>rare ea, quæ &longs;uppeditant ad uictum & ad ue&longs;titum. </s> <s>Etenim cum res ru&longs;ti­<lb/>ca maximam uictus copiam præbeat no&longs;tris corporibus, primum nullus <lb/>labor ab&longs;oluitur & perficitur &longs;ine in&longs;trumentis, &longs;iquidem terra &longs;ubigitur <lb/>uomeribus & dentalibus, dolabra refo diuntur præfractæ &longs;tirpes & radi­<lb/>ces &longs;ummæ, &longs;emen &longs;par&longs;um occatur, &longs;eges &longs;arritur & runcatur: matura fru <lb/>ges falcibus cum parte culmi deme&longs;&longs;a in area deteritur, aut &longs;picæ eius reci <lb/>&longs;æ <expan abbr="cõduntur">conduntur</expan> in horreum, & po&longs;tea tribulis tunduntur, ac uannis <expan abbr="expur-gãtur">expur­<lb/>gantur</expan>, pura denique frumenta & legumina granario <expan abbr="inferũtur">inferuntur</expan>, ex quo <expan abbr="pro-mũtur">pro­<lb/>muntur</expan> rur&longs;us cum res hæc po&longs;tulat, aut flagitat nece&longs;sitas. </s> <s>Iam ad fructus <lb/>meliores & uberiores capiendos ex arboribus & fruticibus nobis opus <lb/>e&longs;t pa&longs;tinatione, putatione, in&longs;itione, quæ iterum &longs;ine in&longs;trumentis fieri <lb/>non queunt, ut necliquores, lac dico, mel, uinum, oleum &longs;ine ua&longs;is coer­<lb/>cere & continere po&longs;&longs;umus: nec tot generum animantes &longs;ine &longs;tabulis tue­<lb/>ri à pluuia diutina et à frigore intolerabili. </s> <s>In&longs;trumenta autem ru&longs;tica ple <lb/>raque &longs;unt ferrea, ut uomer, dentale, dolabra, dentes quos habet occa, &longs;ar­<lb/>culum, runcina, falx fœnaria, <expan abbr="&longs;tram&etilde;taria">&longs;tramentaria</expan>, arboraria, uineatica, <expan abbr="rutrũ">rutrum</expan>, &longs;cal­<lb/>pellum, furcæ, &longs;cirpiculæ: ua&longs;a uero ænea uel plumbea. </s> <s>Atneque in&longs;tru­<lb/>menta uasáue lignea &longs;ine ferro &longs;unt fabricata: neque cella uinaria, uel olea­<lb/>ria, neque &longs;tabulum, neque ulla alia uillæ pars &longs;ine in&longs;trumentis ferreis potu­<lb/>it ædificari. </s> <s>Deinde &longs;iue ex pecuarijs pa&longs;tionibus abducantur ad <expan abbr="lanienã">lanienam</expan> <lb/>taurus, ueruex, hædus & alia eiu&longs;dem generis animalia, &longs;iue ex uillaticis <lb/>auiarius coco tradat pullum, gallinam, eapum, num &longs;ine &longs;ecuribus aut cul <lb/>tris animantes &longs;ecari ac diuidi po&longs;&longs;unt? </s> <s>Vt nihil hic dicam de ahenis, et co <lb/>calis æneis, quia ad coquendas carnes eundem u&longs;um afferant fictilia, quæ <lb/>ne ip&longs;a quidem &longs;ine in&longs;trumentis à figulo fingi formarique queunt, ut nec <lb/>&longs;ine ferro in&longs;trumenta ulla ex ligno fieri. </s> <s>Cum autem homini præterea <lb/>uictum præbeant uenatio, aucupium, pi&longs;catus, nónne uenator ceruum ir­<lb/>retitum uenabulo tran&longs;uerberat? </s> <s>&longs;tantem currentémue &longs;agitta configit? </s> <s><lb/>uel globulo bombardæ traijcit? </s> <s>nónne auceps item tetraonem uel pha&longs;i­<lb/>anum ictu &longs;agittæ conficit? </s> <s>aut in eius corpus globulum bombardæ im­<lb/>mittit? </s> <s>Vt taceam tendiculas aliaque in&longs;trumenta, quibus capitur attagen <lb/>& picus, aliæque &longs;ylue&longs;tres uolucres, ne &longs;ingulas intempe&longs;tiue nunc&longs;peci­<lb/>atim per&longs;equar. </s> <s>Pi&longs;cator denique nónne hamo & uerriculo capit pi&longs;ces in <lb/>mari, in maritimis uiuarijs, in pi&longs;cinis, in fluuijs? </s> <s>At hamus ferreus e&longs;t, & <lb/>è uerriculo interdum plumbeas aut ferreas ma&longs;&longs;as appen&longs;as uidemus, pi&longs;­<lb/>ces autem capti plerique mox cultris & &longs;ecuribus in fru&longs;ta &longs;ecantur aut ex­<lb/>enterantur. </s> <s>Sed de uictu &longs;atis &longs;uperque dictum: Nunc dicam de ue&longs;titu, <lb/>qui fit ex lana, lino, pennis, pilis, pellibus, corio. </s> <s>Verum oues primo <expan abbr="tõ-dentur">ton­<lb/>dentur</expan>, deinde lana pectitur: tum ducuntur fila, po&longs;tea &longs;tamen <expan abbr="&longs;u&longs;p&etilde;ditur">&longs;u&longs;penditur</expan> <pb pagenum="10"/>in pannuleio, &longs;ub quod &longs;ubit &longs;ubtegmen, idque pectine feritur, ut tandem <lb/>ex filis tantum: uel ex filis & pilis fiat pannus. </s> <s>Linum uero uul&longs;um primo <lb/>pectitur hamis. </s> <s>mox mergitur in aquas, rur&longs;usque &longs;iccatur: tum tu&longs;um &longs;ti­<lb/>pario malleo uel confractum carminatur, deinde extenuatur in fila, po&longs;t­<lb/>remo texitur tela. </s> <s>Sed artifex panni aut textor num aliquod habet in&longs;tru <lb/>mentum non ferreum? </s> <s>uel ligneum &longs;ine ferro factum? </s> <s>iam &longs;arcinatori di&longs;­<lb/>cin dendus pannus uel tela: num id &longs;ine cultro uel forfice faciet? </s> <s>num <expan abbr="cõ-&longs;uet">con­<lb/>&longs;uet</expan> ullam ue&longs;tem &longs;ine acu? </s> <s>ne populus quidem tran&longs;marinus pennarum <lb/>contextu corporis tegumentum faciet &longs;ine ijsdem in&longs;trumentis, nec pelli­<lb/>ones ip&longs;is carere po&longs;&longs;unt cuiu&longs;cunque generis animantium &longs;uant pelles. </s> <s>Et <lb/>&longs;utor indiget &longs;calpri, quo &longs;cindat coriu: cultri, quo radat: &longs;ubulæ, qua per­<lb/>foret, ut po&longs;sit <expan abbr="cõficere">conficere</expan> calceos. </s> <s>Sed hæc tegumenta corporum uel texta <lb/>uel &longs;uta &longs;unt. </s> <s>Ædificia uero quæ idem corpus tuentur ab imbribus, uen­<lb/>tis, frigore, calore, non <expan abbr="extruũtur">extruuntur</expan> &longs;ine &longs;ecuri, &longs;erra, terebro. </s> <s>Sed quid plu­<lb/>ribus uerbis opus e&longs;t? </s> <s>Metallis ex u&longs;u hominum &longs;ublatis, tollitur omnis <lb/>ratio & tuendæ &longs;u&longs;tentandæque ualetudinis, & tenendi cur&longs;um uitæ cul­<lb/>tioris. </s> <s>Etenim homines <expan abbr="fœdi&longs;simã">fœdi&longs;simam</expan> et mi&longs;errimam uitam degerent inter fe <lb/>ras, ni metalla e&longs;&longs;ent, redirent ad glandes atque &longs;ylue&longs;tria poma & pruna: <lb/>herbis & radicibus euul&longs;is ue&longs;cerentur, unguibus foderent &longs;peluncas, in <lb/>quibus noctu iacerent, interdiu in &longs;yluis & campis pa&longs;sim more <expan abbr="be&longs;tiarũ">be&longs;tiarum</expan> <lb/>uagarentur, quæres quia hominis ratione, pre&longs;tanti&longs;sima & optima na­<lb/>turæ dote, pror&longs;us e&longs;t indigna, adeóne qui&longs;quam erit &longs;tultus aut perti­<lb/>nax, ut metalla ad uictum ue&longs;titumque nece&longs;&longs;aria e&longs;&longs;e, & ad uitam <expan abbr="hominũ">hominum</expan> <lb/>tuendam pertinere, non concedat? </s> <s>Tum quia metallici plerumque <expan abbr="fodiũt">fodiunt</expan> <lb/>montes nihil frugum ferentes, & ualles tenebris circumfu&longs;as agris ua&longs;tita <lb/>tem exiguam aut nullam inferunt. </s> <s>Po&longs;tremò ubi &longs;yluæ & nemora &longs;ucci­<lb/>duntur, ibi fruticum et arborum radicibus extirpatis frumenta &longs;erunt, qul <lb/>noui agri tam uberes breui efferunt fruges, ut damna, quæ lignis carius e­<lb/>mendis faciunt incolæ, relarciant. </s> <s>Atque metallis, quæ ex uenis conflan­<lb/>tur, alibi innumeræ uolueres, be&longs;tiæ edules, pi&longs;ces comparari, & ad loca <lb/>monto&longs;a afferri po&longs;&longs;unt. </s> <s>Abeo ad exempla: Bias Prienen&longs;is capta patria <lb/>nihil de rebus precio&longs;is exportauit ex urbe, ut uir qui habitus e&longs;t &longs;apiens, <lb/>ab ho&longs;tibus &longs;ibi periculum non metuerit, quanquam hoc de eo dici uere <lb/>non po&longs;sit, quod &longs;e coniecerit in fugam, non magna mihi res uidetur e&longs;&longs;e, <lb/>iacturam horum etiam bonorum facere, perdita domo, prædijs, patria <lb/>ip&longs;a, qua nihil charius. </s> <s>Quin ego iudicarem Biantem i&longs;tius generis bona <lb/>contemp&longs;i&longs;se, ac pro nihilo puta&longs;&longs;e, &longs;i anteaquam patria capta e&longs;&longs;et, ea lar­<lb/>gitus e&longs;&longs;et cognatis & amicis, aut di&longs;tribui&longs;&longs;et in egenti&longs;simos homines: <lb/>nam idip&longs;um &longs;ine <expan abbr="cõtrouer&longs;ia">controuer&longs;ia</expan> feci&longs;&longs;et &longs;ua &longs;ponte, hoc, quod tantopere mi­<lb/>ratur Græcia, ui <expan abbr="ho&longs;tiũ">ho&longs;tium</expan> coactus & fractus metu feci&longs;&longs;e uideri pote&longs;t. </s> <s>So­<lb/>crates uero non &longs;preuit aurum, &longs;ed docendi precium noluit &longs;ibi per&longs;olui. </s> <s><lb/>At Ari&longs;tippus Cyrenen&longs;is &longs;i comporta&longs;&longs;et ip&longs;e atque &longs;erua&longs;&longs;et <expan abbr="aurũ">aurum</expan>, quod <lb/>iu&longs;sit &longs;eruos de &longs;e abijcere, potui&longs;&longs;et emereres quæ <expan abbr="expetũtur">expetuntur</expan> ad u&longs;us ui­<lb/>tæ nece&longs;&longs;arias & propter ege&longs;tatem non habui&longs;&longs;et nece&longs;&longs;e adulari Diony­<lb/>&longs;ium Siciliæ tyrannum, nec unquam ex eo nominatus fui&longs;&longs;et regius canis. <pb pagenum="11"/>Quocirca Dama&longs;ippus Horatianus carpens <expan abbr="Staberũ">Staberum</expan> maximi æ&longs;timan­<lb/>tem diuitias inquit:</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Quid &longs;imile i&longs;ti</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Græcus Ari&longs;tippus? </s> <s>qui &longs;eruos proijcere aurum</s></p><p type="main"> <s>In media iu&longs;sit Libya, quia tardius irent</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Propter onus &longs;egnes, uter e&longs;t in&longs;anior horum?</s></p><p type="main"> <s>In&longs;anit enim qui pluris facit diuitias, quàm uirtutes. </s> <s>In&longs;anit etiam qui <lb/>ea&longs;dem re&longs;puit, ac pro nihilo ducit, cum liceat ip&longs;is bene uti. </s> <s>Quod <expan abbr="aut&etilde;">autem</expan> <lb/>idem Ari&longs;tippus aliàs aurum ab nauigio proiecit in mare, animo magno <lb/>& prudenti eam rem egit. </s> <s>Siquidem cum aduerteret e&longs;&longs;e piratarum &longs;ca­<lb/>pham, in qua uehebatur, timuit de uita &longs;ua, numerauitque aurum, & cum <lb/>id &longs;ponte eieci&longs;&longs;et in mare, tanquam feci&longs;&longs;et inuitus, ingemuit: &longs;ed po&longs;te­<lb/>aquam eua&longs;i&longs;&longs;et ex periculo, dixit: ip&longs;um aurum perij&longs;&longs;e &longs;atius e&longs;t, quàm <lb/>me perij&longs;&longs;e eius cau&longs;a. </s> <s>Verum e&longs;to, Philo&longs;ophi quidam & Anacreon <lb/>Teius contemp&longs;erint aurum & argentum, Anaxagoras etiam Clazome­<lb/>nius fundos, qui oues alerent, de&longs;eruit: & Crates Thebanus cum mole&longs;te <lb/>ferret &longs;e rei familiaris, aliarumque curas &longs;u&longs;tinere, & his animum &longs;uum in <lb/>contemplando di&longs;trahi, bonis, quæ ualerent octo talenta, relictis, atque<lb/>&longs;umpto pallio & pera pauper omnem curam, cogitationem, operam ad <lb/>philo&longs;ophiam <expan abbr="cõtulit">contulit</expan>. </s> <s>Num quod i&longs;ti philo&longs;ophi hæc &longs;preuerint, omnes <lb/>alij pecuariam rem non curarunt? </s> <s>non coluerunt agros? </s> <s>non habitarunt <lb/>domos? </s> <s>certe multi contrà cum diuitijs affluerent præclare in &longs;tudijs &longs;ci­<lb/>entiæ cognitionisque rerum diuinarum & <expan abbr="humanarũ">humanarum</expan> uer&longs;ati &longs;unt, ut Ari­<lb/>&longs;toteles, Cicero, Seneca. </s> <s>Sed Phocioni non erat <expan abbr="integrũ">integrum</expan>, aurum ab Alex­<lb/>andro ad &longs;e mi&longs;&longs;um accipere. </s> <s>Si enim eo uti uolui&longs;&longs;et, tam rex quàm ip&longs;e <lb/>incurri&longs;&longs;et in odium offen&longs;ionemque populi Athenien&longs;is: qui populus <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb/>po&longs;tea in uirum illum bonum ingratus fuit: nam eum <expan abbr="cõpulit">compulit</expan> ad hoc, ut <lb/>biberet cicutam. </s> <s>Quid autem M. Curio, & Fabricio Lu&longs;cino minus con­<lb/>ueniens, quàm aurum ab ho&longs;tibus accipere? </s> <s>qui his machinis &longs;perabant <lb/>eos po&longs;&longs;e labefactari, aut &longs;uis ciuibus in odium uenire uolebant, ut ip&longs;is <lb/>Romanis inter &longs;e di&longs;sidentibus rempub. </s> <s>funditus euerterent. </s> <s>Sed Lycur <lb/>gus debuerat auro & argento utendi præcepta tradere Spartanis, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> res <lb/>per &longs;e bonas tollere de medio. </s> <s>Babytacen&longs;es uero quis non uidet homi­<lb/>nes fui&longs;&longs;e amentes & inuidos? </s> <s>poterant enim auro mercari ea quibus in­<lb/>digebant: uel ip&longs;um donare finitimis populis, ut eos &longs;ibi donis benefici­<lb/>is que deuincirent. </s> <s>Po&longs;tremo Scytarchæ &longs;olo auro argentique u&longs;u damnato, <lb/>auaritia &longs;e non pror&longs;us abdicarunt, quod auarus etiam &longs;it aliorum bono­<lb/>rum po&longs;&longs;e&longs;&longs;or, &longs;i eis non utitur. </s> <s>Nunc <expan abbr="re&longs;pondendũ">re&longs;pondendum</expan> e&longs;t ad <expan abbr="cõuitia">conuitia</expan>, qui­<lb/>bus res fo&longs;siles iactantur. </s> <s>Itaque aurum & argentum primò uocant pe&longs;tes <lb/><expan abbr="hominũ">hominum</expan>, quod po&longs;&longs;e&longs;&longs;oribus interitus & exitij cau&longs;a &longs;int: hoc autem mo­<lb/>do quæ tandem res quam po&longs;sidemus, pe&longs;tis humani generis non dice­<lb/>tur? </s> <s>an equus? </s> <s>an ue&longs;tis? </s> <s>an denique aliud &longs;imile? </s> <s>Vectus autem in equo <lb/>in&longs;igni, aut uiator bene ue&longs;titus cau&longs;a latroni fuerit, ut ab eo occideretur, <lb/>num igitur in equis non uehimur, &longs;ed pedibus iter facimus, quia prædo <lb/>cædem fecit ut raperet equum? </s> <s>aut num ue&longs;titi non prodimus? </s> <s>&longs;ed nudi, <pb pagenum="12"/>quia gra&longs;&longs;ator ferro uitam uiatori eripuit, ut eum &longs;poliaret ue&longs;te? </s> <s>&longs;imilis <lb/>e&longs;t po&longs;&longs;e&longs;sio auri & argenti. </s> <s>Quoniam uero his omnibus <expan abbr="hominũ">hominum</expan> uita be <lb/>ne carere non pote&longs;t, cauebimus à prædatoribus, & quia &longs;emper non po&longs; <lb/>&longs;umus ex eorum manibus effugere, e&longs;t <expan abbr="propriũ">proprium</expan> munus magi&longs;tratus, &longs;cele <lb/>ratos & nefarios homines ad tortorem & carnificem rapere. </s> <s>Belli etiam <lb/>cau&longs;a res fo&longs;siles non &longs;unt: ut enim cum unus aliquis Tyrannus magno a­<lb/>more <expan abbr="inflãmatus">inflammatus</expan> in mulierem egregia forma, facit bellum oppidanis, i&longs;ti­<lb/>u&longs;modi belli in effrenata tyranni libidine e&longs;t culpa, non in facie mulieris: <lb/>Ita cum alius cæcus cupiditate auri & argenti bellum infert diuitibus po­<lb/>pulis, metalla extra cau&longs;am ponere debemus, & omnem culpam in auari­<lb/>tiam transferre. </s> <s>Nam furentes impetus & turpes <expan abbr="actiões">actiones</expan>, quæiura <expan abbr="gentiũ">gentium</expan> <lb/>& ciuium <expan abbr="cõminuere">comminuere</expan> & uiolare &longs;olent, oriuntur ex no&longs;tris uitijs. </s> <s>Quare <lb/>non recte Tibullus in aurum contulit belli culpam, cum inquit:</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Diuitis hoc uitium e&longs;t auri, nec bella fuerunt <lb/>Faginus a&longs;tabat cum &longs;cyphus ante dapes.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>At Virgilius dicit homicidij culpam in auaritia re&longs;idere de Polyme­<lb/>&longs;tore loquens:</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Fas omne abrumpit, Polydorum obtruncat, & auro</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Vipotitur. </s> <s>quid non mortalia pectora cogis</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Auri &longs;acra fames?</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Et iterum recte, cum loquitur de Pigmaleone, qui Sicheum interfecit.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>atque auri cæcus amore,</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Clam ferro incautum &longs;uperat.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Fames enim & cupiditas auri aliarumque rerum reddit homines cæcos. </s> <s><lb/>Atque impia i&longs;ta <expan abbr="pecuniarũ">pecuniarum</expan> cupiditas omnibus omni tempore & loco pro <lb/>bro fuit & crimini. </s> <s>Quin etiam auaritiæ tantum dediti, quod eius &longs;erui e&longs;­<lb/>&longs;ent, &longs;emper illiberales & &longs;ordidi &longs;unt habiti. </s> <s>Similiter auro & argento, <lb/>& gemmis expugnauerit aliquis pudicitiam mulierum, multorum fidem <lb/>labefactarit, emerit iudicia, innumera &longs;celera fecerit, iterum res fo&longs;siles in <lb/>culpa non &longs;unt, &longs;ed inflammatus atque ignitus furor <expan abbr="hominũ">hominum</expan>, uel <expan abbr="animorũ">animorum</expan> <lb/>cæca & impia cupiditas. </s> <s>Quan quam autem in aurum & <expan abbr="argentũ">argentum</expan> dicta, in <lb/>pecuniam poti&longs;simum dicantur, tamen quia nominatim eam carpunt Po­<lb/>etæ, ip&longs;orum conuicia infringenda &longs;unt: quod uno illo fieri pote&longs;t. </s> <s>His <lb/>pecunia e&longs;t bono, qui ea bene utuntur: dat damnum aut malum, qui ma­<lb/>le. </s> <s>Quamobrem recti&longs;sime Horatius:</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Ne&longs;cis quid ualeat nummus, quem præbeat u&longs;um</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Panis ematur, olus, uini &longs;extarius.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Atque etiam in alio loco.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Imperat aut &longs;eruit collecta pecunia cuique,</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Tortum digna &longs;equi potius quàm ducere funem.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>At homines ingenio&longs;i & &longs;olertes cum <expan abbr="cõ&longs;idera&longs;&longs;ent">con&longs;idera&longs;&longs;ent</expan> rerum permutati­<lb/>onem, qua quondam homines rudes u&longs;i &longs;unt, & hodie immanes quæ­<lb/>dam & barbaræ nationes utuntur, qualis e&longs;&longs;et, id e&longs;t, quam difficilis factu <lb/>& laborio&longs;a, <expan abbr="reperierũt">reperierunt</expan> pecuniam. </s> <s>Ea uero nihil utilius excogitari potuit. </s> <s><lb/>Siquidem parua auri argentique ma&longs;&longs;a, precium e&longs;t rei magnæ & grauis. <pb pagenum="13"/>Itaque pecunia fretæ gentes multum inter &longs;e di&longs;tantes longeque &longs;eiuncta facil­<lb/>lime faciunt mercaturas, quibus uita ciuilis uix carere pote&longs;t. </s> <s>Deinde ma­<lb/>ledicta quæ dicuntur in ferrum, æs, plumbum, neip&longs;a quidem apud uiros <lb/>prudentes & graues locum habent. </s> <s>Etenim ut illa metalla <expan abbr="tollãtur">tollantur</expan> de me­<lb/>dio, homines certè uehementius efferue&longs;centes iracundia, & effrenato furo <lb/>re incitati, pugnis, calcibus, unguibus, dentibus tanquam feræ certabunt. </s> <s><lb/>Alij alijs fu&longs;tes <expan abbr="imping&etilde;t">impingent</expan>, alios lapidibus percutient, alios <expan abbr="pro&longs;tern&etilde;t">pro&longs;ternent</expan>, quin <lb/>etiam homo hominem non &longs;olum ferro interficit, &longs;ed necat ueneno, inedia, <lb/>&longs;iti: premit faucibus & &longs;trangulat, <expan abbr="uiuũ">uiuum</expan> defodit in terra: immergit in aquas <lb/>& &longs;uffocat, <expan abbr="cõburit">comburit</expan>, &longs;u&longs;pendit, ut faciat omne <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan> particeps humanæ <lb/>necis. </s> <s>Tum denique alius feris obijcitur: alius in mactati pecoris cadauer to <lb/>tus in&longs;uitur, excepto capite, &longs;icque uermibus <expan abbr="dilaniãdus">dilaniandus</expan> relin quitur: alium ui <lb/>uarijs immer&longs;um, totum pariter murenæ di&longs;trahunt: alius oleo incoquitur: <lb/>alius oliuo inunctus ligatu&longs;que mu&longs;cis & crabronibus <expan abbr="uexãdus">uexandus</expan> proponitur: <lb/>alius uirgis cæ&longs;us uel fu&longs;tibus mulctatus neci datur: alius &longs;axis facta lapida­<lb/>tione obruitur: alius præcipitatur ex altis locis. </s> <s>Præterea homo &longs;ine metal <lb/>lis cruciatur non uno modo? </s> <s>ut cum carnifex cereis <expan abbr="ard&etilde;tibus">ardentibus</expan> inguina ip­<lb/>&longs;i & alas adurit: uel <expan abbr="linteũ">linteum</expan> imponit in os, id que per <expan abbr="in&longs;piration&etilde;">in&longs;pirationem</expan> &longs;en&longs;im & leni <lb/>ter in fauces tractum, repente & uiolenter retrahit: uel manibus po&longs;t <expan abbr="tergũ">tergum</expan> <lb/>illigatis, ip&longs;um fune paulatim in &longs;ublime <expan abbr="tractũ">tractum</expan>, &longs;ubito deijcit: uel &longs;imiliter <lb/>à trabe religato &longs;axum grandis <expan abbr="põderis">ponderis</expan> è pedibus funiculo <expan abbr="app&etilde;dit">appendit</expan>: uel de­<lb/>nique eius artus torto di&longs;trahit. </s> <s>Itaque ex his intelligimus non metalla e&longs;&longs;e cul <lb/>panda, &longs;ed no&longs;tra uitia, iram dico, <expan abbr="crudelitat&etilde;">crudelitatem</expan>, di&longs;cordiam, cupiditatem latè <lb/><expan abbr="regnãdi">regnandi</expan>, auaritiam, libidinem. </s> <s>Sed exi&longs;tit hocloco quæ&longs;tio, utrum res fo&longs;­<lb/>&longs;iles in numero <expan abbr="bonorũ">bonorum</expan> habere debeamus, an reponere in malorum cœtu. </s> <s><lb/>Vniuer&longs;as quidem diuitias Peripatetici in bonorum numero duxerunt, & <lb/>modo nominarunt externa, quod neque in animo neque in corpore, &longs;ed extra <lb/>&longs;int. </s> <s>Tum autem ut multa alia <expan abbr="dixerũt">dixerunt</expan> e&longs;&longs;e po&longs;&longs;e bona, quod his bene uelma <lb/>uti &longs;it in no&longs;tra <expan abbr="&longs;itũ">&longs;itum</expan> pote&longs;tate. </s> <s>Etenim boni uiri his bene <expan abbr="utũtur">utuntur</expan>, ei&longs;que &longs;unt <lb/>utiles: mali, male, ei&longs;que inutiles &longs;unt. </s> <s>Socratis e&longs;t dictum, <expan abbr="uinũ">uinum</expan> ad ua&longs;a mu­<lb/>tari, diuitias ad eorum, qui ip&longs;as po&longs;sident mores. </s> <s>Stoici uero <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> mos <lb/>e&longs;t ut &longs;ubtiliter & argute <expan abbr="di&longs;put&etilde;t">di&longs;putent</expan>, quamuis diuitias ex <expan abbr="bonorũ">bonorum</expan> choro &longs;u&longs;tu <lb/>lerint, non tamen <expan abbr="numerarũt">numerarunt</expan> in malis, &longs;ed in eo genere quod appellatur in­<lb/>differens collocarunt. </s> <s>Etenim ip&longs;is uirtus e&longs;t una, bonum, uitium tantum <lb/>modo malum, omne reliquum genus indifferens. </s> <s>Itaque ut ip&longs;i de hacre &longs;en <lb/>tiunt, nihil intere&longs;t bene ualeat qui&longs;piam, an grauiter ægrotet: nihil inter­<lb/>e&longs;t formo&longs;us &longs;it an deformis. </s> <s>Denique</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Diues ne pri&longs;co natus ab Inacho</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Nil intere&longs;t, an pauper & infima</s></p><p type="main"> <s>De gente &longs;ub dio moreris.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>At ego quidem non uideo cau&longs;am cur ei quod naturaliter & per &longs;e <expan abbr="bonũ">bonum</expan> <lb/>e&longs;t, inter bona e&longs;&longs;e aliquid loci non debeat. </s> <s>Res fo&longs;siles certè natura creat, <lb/>& humano generi præbent <expan abbr="multiplic&etilde;">multiplicem</expan> nece&longs;&longs;ariumque u&longs;um, ut <expan abbr="taceã">taceam</expan> de or­<lb/>natu, qui cum utilitate mirifice <expan abbr="cõgruit">congruit</expan>. </s> <s>Igitur ip&longs;a deijci de &longs;uo &longs;tatu & gra <lb/>du quem tenent in bonis <expan abbr="æquũ">æquum</expan> non e&longs;t. </s> <s>Nec uero &longs;i quis malè ip&longs;is e&longs;t u&longs;us, <pb pagenum="14"/>iccirco recte <expan abbr="dic&etilde;tur">dicentur</expan> mala. </s> <s>Quibus enim rebus bonis malè æque atque bene <lb/>uti non po&longs;&longs;umus? </s> <s>Liceat mihi exempla ponere ex utroque genere <expan abbr="bonorũ">bonorum</expan>. </s> <s><lb/>Vinum, potus longe optimus, &longs;i modice bibitur, prode&longs;t cococtioni cibo­<lb/>rum, ad &longs;anguinis ortumiuuat: promouet &longs;uccos in omnes corporis par­<lb/>tes: nutricationi bono e&longs;t, nec corpori &longs;olum, &longs;ed animo etiam utile. </s> <s>Nam <lb/>tenebras & <expan abbr="caligin&etilde;">caliginem</expan> mentis no&longs;træ di&longs;cutit: cura & &longs;ollicitudine nos libe­<lb/>rat: reddit fidentes rebus. </s> <s>Sin immodice bibitur, corpus lædit, & grauibus <lb/>morbis opprimit. </s> <s>Vinolentus etiam nihil tacitum tenet: furit & bacchatur, <lb/>multaque &longs;celera nefaria &longs;acit & flagitia. </s> <s>Qua dere Theognis perdoctè &longs;cri­<lb/>p&longs;it uer&longs;ibus, quos &longs;iclatine reddere po&longs;sumus:</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Vina nocere &longs;olent, auida &longs;i fauce trahantur, <lb/>Si modice biberis, uina iuuare &longs;olent.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Sed ne diutius morer in externis, uenio ad corporis & animi bona, inter <lb/>quæ mihi robur & forma atque ingenium occurrunt. </s> <s>Igitur &longs;i quis robore <lb/>fretus, multum laborat, ut &longs;e &longs;uo&longs;que hone&longs;te & laudate alat, eo bene utitur: <lb/>Sin ex cæde uiuit & latrocinatur, male. </s> <s>Similiter fœmina pulchritudine exi <lb/>mia &longs;i nupta uiro, ei uni placere &longs;tudet, forma utitur: &longs;in <expan abbr="petulãter">petulanter</expan> uiuit ru <lb/>itque in libidinem, ea, ut <expan abbr="cõuenit">conuenit</expan>, non utitur. </s> <s>Pari ratione adole&longs;cens qui do <lb/>ctrinæ &longs;e&longs;e dat, & artes ingenuas colit, recte utitur ingenio. </s> <s>Qui fingit, <expan abbr="m&etilde;-titur">men­<lb/>titur</expan>, capit, fraude & perfidia fallit, eius celeritate abutitur. </s> <s>Vt autem is qui <lb/>uinum, robur, formam, <expan abbr="ingeniũ">ingenium</expan>, propter peiorem u&longs;um in <expan abbr="bonorũ">bonorum</expan> numero <lb/>non habet, in <expan abbr="&longs;ummũ">&longs;ummum</expan> illum rerum opificem Deum iniurio&longs;us & contumeli <lb/>o&longs;us e&longs;t, ita qui res fo&longs;siles eximit ex <expan abbr="bonorũ">bonorum</expan> cœtu, in <expan abbr="eũdem">eundem</expan> <expan abbr="iniuriã">iniuriam</expan> & <expan abbr="cõtu">contu</expan> <lb/>meliam iacit. </s> <s>Recti&longs;sime igitur <expan abbr="quidã">quidam</expan> Græci poetæ <expan abbr="&longs;crip&longs;erũt">&longs;crip&longs;erunt</expan>, ut Pindarus.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Quæ uirtute pecunia <lb/>Exornata nitet, &longs;uppeditat uias</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Non unas bene agas, quibus <lb/>Quæ &longs;ors cunque ferens obtulerit tibi.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Vt Sappho.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Sine uirtutis amore ho&longs;pes iniquus</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Nocet aurum, at &longs;ociata hæc caput & &longs;umma bonorum.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Vt Callimachus.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Diuitiæ magnos &longs;ine nec uirtute: nec ip&longs;æ</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Virtutes faciunt magnos &longs;ine diuite cenfu.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Vt Antiphanes.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Nam per deos cur oportet quis dite&longs;cere?</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Pecuniæ cur optet habere plurimum?</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Quàm po&longs;sit auxiliari ut amicis, gratiæ</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Fructumque &longs;erere Diuarum &longs;uaui&longs;simæ.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Argumentis & conuitijs aduer&longs;ariorum refutatis colligamus utilitates <lb/>metallicæ. </s> <s>Primum autem ea utilis e&longs;t medicis. </s> <s>Etenim effundit copiam <lb/><expan abbr="medicamentorũ">medicamentorum</expan>, quibus uulnera & ulcera &longs;olent curari, pe&longs;tis etiam: ut cer <lb/>te &longs;i nulla alia e&longs;&longs;et cau&longs;a cur &longs;crutaremur <expan abbr="terrã">terram</expan>, tamen medicinæ gratia eam <lb/>fodere deberemus. </s> <s>Deinde utilis e&longs;t pictoribus. </s> <s>Siquidem eruit genera pi­<lb/>gmentorum, quibus cum ip&longs;is tectoria picta fuerint, humor allap&longs;us extrin <pb pagenum="15"/>&longs;ecus minus, quàm cæteris nocet. </s> <s>Tum utilis e&longs;t architectis. </s> <s>Etenim inue­<lb/>nit marmora ad firmitatem magnorum <expan abbr="ædiũ">ædium</expan> apta, & ad <expan abbr="ornatũ">ornatum</expan> decora. </s> <s>Vti <lb/>lis præterea e&longs;t ijs, <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> animus ad immortalem gloriam nititur. </s> <s>Nam ef­<lb/>fodit metalla, è quibus nummi & &longs;tatuæ aliaque fiunt, quæ po&longs;t <expan abbr="literarũ">literarum</expan> mo <lb/>nimenta hominibus quodammodo <expan abbr="æternitat&etilde;">æternitatem</expan>, immortalitatemque donant. </s> <s><lb/>Mercatoribus etiam utilis e&longs;t, quod multis de cau&longs;is, ut aliàs dixi, moneta, <lb/>quæ ex metallis <expan abbr="cõficitur">conficitur</expan>, oportunior &longs;it homini, quàm rerum permutatio. </s> <s><lb/>Po&longs;tremo cui non e&longs;t utilis? </s> <s>nam ut nunc <expan abbr="prætereã">præteream</expan> & relinquam opera tam <lb/><expan abbr="cõcinna">concinna</expan>, tam polita, tam elaborata, tam utilia, quæ ex metallis in uarias fi­<lb/>guras formant fabri aurarij, <expan abbr="arg&etilde;tarij">argentarij</expan>, ærarij, plumbarij, ferrarij, quotu&longs;quis­<lb/>que artifex &longs;ine metallis aliquod opus elegans & <expan abbr="perfectũ">perfectum</expan> efficere pote&longs;t? </s> <s><lb/>certe &longs;i non utitur <expan abbr="in&longs;trum&etilde;tis">in&longs;trumentis</expan> ex ferro uel ex ære factis, neque lignea, neque la­<lb/>pidea &longs;ine ei&longs;dem <expan abbr="potuerũt">potuerunt</expan> formari. </s> <s>Ex quibus omnibus <expan abbr="per&longs;picuũ">per&longs;picuum</expan> e&longs;t, qui <lb/>fructus quæque <expan abbr="cõmoditates">commoditates</expan> percipiantur ex metallis. </s> <s>Ea uero ne habere­<lb/>mus quidem ni&longs;i ars metallica e&longs;&longs;et <expan abbr="inu&etilde;ta">inuenta</expan>, nobisque mini&longs;traretur. </s> <s>Quis igi <lb/>tur non intelligit eam e&longs;&longs;e maximè utilem, imo potius nece&longs;&longs;ariam huma­<lb/>no generi? </s> <s>ne plura: Homo metallica carere non potuit, nec ip&longs;um ea care <lb/>re uoluit diuina benignitas. </s> <s>Porro quæritur metallica hone&longs;tá ne &longs;it inge­<lb/>nuis, an pudenda & inhone&longs;ta. </s> <s>Nos <expan abbr="aut&etilde;">autem</expan> eam inter hone&longs;tas numeramus <lb/>artes. </s> <s>Cuius enim artis quæ&longs;tus non e&longs;t impius, non odio&longs;us, non &longs;ordidus, <lb/>illam hone&longs;tam po&longs;&longs;umus exi&longs;timare. </s> <s>Talem uero metallicæ <expan abbr="quæ&longs;tũ">quæ&longs;tum</expan> e&longs;&longs;e, <lb/>quod augeat rem bonis & hone&longs;tis rationibus iam o&longs;tendemus: iure igi­<lb/>tur inter hone&longs;tas numeratur artes. </s> <s>Primum autem quæ&longs;tus metallici, lice­<lb/>at mihi eam conferre cum cæteris rationibus, quibus magna pecunia quæ­<lb/>ritur, æquè pius e&longs;t atque agricolæ. </s> <s>Nam ut hic, cum in agris &longs;uis <expan abbr="&longs;ement&etilde;">&longs;ementem</expan> fa­<lb/>cit, quamuis ip&longs;i fructuo &longs;i&longs;simi &longs;int, nemini tamen facit <expan abbr="iniuriã">iniuriam</expan>: Ita ille cum <lb/>&longs;uum fodit <expan abbr="metallũ">metallum</expan>, etiam&longs;i magnos aceruos auri argenti'ue eruat, nulli ta­<lb/>men mortalium dat damnum. </s> <s>Omninoque hæc duo genera rei familiaris au <lb/>gendæ in primis &longs;unt liberalia & ingenua. </s> <s>At præda bellatoris plerumque<lb/>impia e&longs;t, quod militaris furor rapiat bona tam &longs;acra quàm prophana. </s> <s>Vt <lb/>uero <expan abbr="bellũ">bellum</expan> habeat &longs;u&longs;ceptum rex <expan abbr="omniũ">omnium</expan> iu&longs;ti&longs;simus cum crudelibus tyran­<lb/>nis, non po&longs;&longs;unt in eo homines improbi rem atque fortunas amittere, ut non <lb/>innocentem & mi&longs;eram plebem, &longs;enes dico, matronas, uirgines, pupillos &longs;e <lb/>cum in eandem calamitatem trahant. </s> <s>Metallicus autem magnas diuitias in <lb/>breui congerere pote&longs;t &longs;ine ulla ui, &longs;ine fraude & malitia. </s> <s>Quocirca omni­<lb/>no uerum non e&longs;t illud uetus prouerbium. </s> <s>Omnis diues aut iniquus, aut <lb/>iniqui hæres. </s> <s>De quo tamen quidam contendentes aduer&longs;us nos, in&longs;ectan <lb/>tur & exagitant metallicos, eosque aut ip&longs;orum liberos dicunt in breui in <expan abbr="e-ge&longs;tat&etilde;">e­<lb/>ge&longs;tatem</expan> incidere, non aliam ob cau&longs;am quàm quod diuitias non bono mo­<lb/>do conge&longs;&longs;erint. </s> <s>Nihil enim uerius e&longs;&longs;e illo, quod e&longs;t apud Næuium poe­<lb/>tam, male parta male dilabuntur. </s> <s>His autem improbis rationibus homi­<lb/>nes ex fodinis diuites fieri aiunt. </s> <s>Vbi &longs;pes aliqua metalli <expan abbr="effodi&etilde;di">effodiendi</expan> o&longs;tendi­<lb/>tur, aut regulus magi&longs;tratúsue exturbat fodinæ dominos ex po&longs;&longs;e&longs;sione, <lb/>aut callidus & uer&longs;utus aliquis uicinus antiquis po&longs;&longs;e&longs;&longs;oribus infert litem, <lb/>ut eos aliqua fodinæ parte &longs;poliet: aut præfectus fodinæ ideo indicit domi <pb pagenum="16"/>nis &longs;ymbola grauiora, ut &longs;i ea dare uoluerint, uel non potuerint, omne ius <lb/>po&longs;&longs;e&longs;sionis amittant, ip&longs;e contrà quàm fas e&longs;t ami&longs;&longs;um u&longs;urpet. </s> <s>Aut deni­<lb/>que præ&longs;es fodinæ uenam, qua parte abundat metallo oblinit luto, uel <lb/>terris, &longs;axis, a&longs;&longs;ere, palo tegit, ut aliquot po&longs;t annis, cum domini fodinam <lb/><expan abbr="putãtes">putantes</expan> <expan abbr="exhau&longs;tã">exhau&longs;tam</expan>, de&longs;erent, ip&longs;e <expan abbr="metallũ">metallum</expan> relictum fodiat, & ad &longs;e rapiat. </s> <s>Præ <lb/>terea colluuies <expan abbr="metallicorũ">metallicorum</expan> ex fraude, fallacijs, <expan abbr="m&etilde;dacijs">mendacijs</expan> tota <expan abbr="cõ&longs;tat">con&longs;tat</expan>. </s> <s>Etenim <lb/>ut de multis alijs nihil dicatur, &longs;ed &longs;olum de his quæ ex uendito & empto <lb/>contra fidem fiunt, aut uenas effert fictis <expan abbr="cõmentitij&longs;que">commentitij&longs;que</expan> laudibus, ut fodina­<lb/>rum partes dimidio carius quàm æ&longs;timentur, po&longs;sit diuendere, aut contrà <lb/>aliquid detrahit de earum æ&longs;timatione, ut partes paruo precio mercari po&longs; <lb/>&longs;it. </s> <s>Hæc crimina cum protulerint in <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan>, omnem bonam metallicæ exi­<lb/>&longs;timationem uiolatam putant. </s> <s>Omnia autem bona &longs;iue bene &longs;iue male par <lb/>ta fuerint, aduer&longs;o aliquo ca&longs;u adflicta <expan abbr="dilabũtur">dilabuntur</expan>, aut pereunt & <expan abbr="di&longs;sipãtur">di&longs;sipantur</expan> <lb/>culpa & uitio po&longs;&longs;e&longs;&longs;oris, qui ea uel inertia & negligentia amittit & perdit <lb/>uel per luxuriam effundit atque obligurit: uel con&longs;umit largitionibus & ex­<lb/>haurit: uel ludendo profun dit & eijcit:</s></p><p type="main"> <s>uelut exhau&longs;ta rediuiuus pullulet arca</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Nummus & è pleno &longs;emper tollatur aceruo.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Nec igitur mirum &longs;i metallici non memores huius præcepti quod dedit <lb/>Agathocles rex, fortunam repentinam <expan abbr="reuer&etilde;ter">reuerenter</expan> e&longs;&longs;e habendam, ij&longs;dem de <lb/>cau&longs;is in <expan abbr="ege&longs;tat&etilde;">ege&longs;tatem</expan> <expan abbr="incidũt">incidunt</expan>. </s> <s>Præ&longs;ertim uero cum mediocribus diuitijs <expan abbr="cõten-ti">conten­<lb/>ti</expan> e&longs;&longs;e non po&longs;&longs;unt: tum enim non raro quas <expan abbr="cõge&longs;&longs;erũt">conge&longs;&longs;erunt</expan> ex metallis, in alia <lb/>metalla <expan abbr="in&longs;umũt">in&longs;umunt</expan>. </s> <s>Verum non regulus aut magi&longs;tratus pellit dominos po&longs; <lb/>&longs;e&longs;sione, &longs;ed tyrannus, qui homines &longs;ubditos non bonis modo hone&longs;te par <lb/>tis, &longs;ed etiam uita crudeli&longs;sime priuat. </s> <s>Attamen cum &longs;olitus &longs;um inquire­<lb/>re in eas querelas, quas i&longs;ti apud uulgus habent de talibus iniurijs, &longs;emper <lb/>reperio male audientibus cau&longs;am <expan abbr="iu&longs;ti&longs;simã">iu&longs;ti&longs;simam</expan> e&longs;&longs;e cur i&longs;tos depellant de fodi <lb/>nis, male dicentibus nullam cur de illis <expan abbr="cõquerantur">conquerantur</expan>. </s> <s>Etenim quod non de <lb/>derunt &longs;ymbola ius po&longs;&longs;e&longs;sionis <expan abbr="ami&longs;erũt">ami&longs;erunt</expan>, uel à magi&longs;tratu ex alieno metal­<lb/>lo &longs;unt pul&longs;i. </s> <s>Nam improbi quidam homines uenulas, proximas uenis af­<lb/>fluentibus aliquo metallo, fodientes in <expan abbr="alienã">alienam</expan> <expan abbr="po&longs;&longs;e&longs;sion&etilde;">po&longs;&longs;e&longs;sionem</expan> inuadunt. </s> <s>Itaque<lb/>eos <expan abbr="iniuriarũ">iniuriarum</expan> accu&longs;atos magi&longs;tratus expellit atque exturbat ex fodinis. </s> <s>I&longs;ti igi <lb/>tur plerum que graues de eo rumores <expan abbr="&longs;pargũt">&longs;pargunt</expan> in uulgus. </s> <s>At aliter cum quæ­<lb/>dam, ut &longs;olet, inter uicinos controuer&longs;ia e&longs;t orta, ip&longs;am arbitri à magi&longs;tratu <lb/>dati dirimunt: aut de ea iudices <expan abbr="cõ&longs;tituti">con&longs;tituti</expan> cogno&longs;cunt & <expan abbr="iudicãt">iudicant</expan>: controuer <lb/>&longs;ia ergo dirempta, quia utriu&longs;que partis <expan abbr="cõ&longs;en&longs;io">con&longs;en&longs;io</expan> in ea re extitit, neutra debet <lb/>de iniurijs <expan abbr="cõqueri">conqueri</expan>: iudicata, quia &longs;ecundum leges metallicas &longs;ententia lata <lb/>e&longs;t, altera inferior iure non pote&longs;t. </s> <s>Sed ut non magnopere pugnem de hac <lb/>re interdum unum aliquem præfectum fodinæ maiorem exigere <expan abbr="collectã">collectam</expan> à <lb/>dominis, quàm nece&longs;sitas po&longs;tulat. </s> <s>Quinetiam ut <expan abbr="cõcedam">concedam</expan> aliquem fodi­<lb/>næ præ&longs;idem uenam, qua parte abundat metallis, oblinere luto, aut &longs;tru­<lb/>ctura tegere, num unius aut alterius improbitas plurimis bonis uiris notam <lb/>fraudis inurere pote&longs;t? </s> <s>quid &longs;enatu &longs;anctius & integrius &longs;olet e&longs;&longs;e in repu­<lb/>blica? </s> <s>nonnulli tamen in peculatu deprehen&longs;i pœnas dederunt. </s> <s>Num iccir <lb/>co hone&longs;ti&longs;simus ordo <expan abbr="bonã">bonam</expan> <expan abbr="famã">famam</expan> <expan abbr="exi&longs;timation&etilde;que">exi&longs;timationenque</expan> amittet? </s> <s>Sed certe præ­<pb pagenum="17"/>fectis fodinarum non licet &longs;ymbola dominis indicere &longs;ine &longs;citu permi&longs;&longs;uque<lb/>magi&longs;tri <expan abbr="metallicorũ">metallicorum</expan> & duumuirûm <expan abbr="iuratorũ">iuratorum</expan>. </s> <s>Quare eiu&longs;modi dolos ad­<lb/>hibere non po&longs;&longs;unt. </s> <s>Præ&longs;ides autem <expan abbr="fodinarũ">fodinarum</expan> &longs;i fraudis <expan abbr="cõuicti">conuicti</expan> fuerint, cæ­<lb/>duntur uirgis: &longs;in furti, <expan abbr="&longs;u&longs;pendũtur">&longs;u&longs;penduntur</expan>. </s> <s>Fraudolentos autem e&longs;&longs;e aliquos par <lb/>tium <expan abbr="u&etilde;ditores">uenditores</expan> & emptores clamant: <expan abbr="cõcedimus">concedimus</expan>. </s> <s>Sed num fallere po&longs;&longs;unt <lb/>alium quàm <expan abbr="homin&etilde;">hominem</expan> &longs;tolidum, negligentem, imperitum rerum metallica­<lb/>rum? </s> <s>uir &longs;ane prudens, impiger, gnarus huius artis, &longs;i fides <expan abbr="u&etilde;ditoris">uenditoris</expan> uel em <lb/>ptoris ip&longs;i in dubium uenit, mox &longs;e <expan abbr="cõfert">confert</expan> in fodinam, ut uenam tantopere <lb/>laudatam aut <expan abbr="uituperatã">uituperatam</expan> &longs;ubijciat &longs;ub a&longs;pectum, & con&longs;ideret &longs;ibi emendæ <lb/>uel <expan abbr="uend&etilde;dæ">uendendæ</expan> &longs;int partes nec ne. </s> <s>Sed dicant, ut is &longs;ibi à dolis cauere po&longs;&longs;it, &longs;im <lb/>plex tamen & qui &longs;e præbet <expan abbr="credulũ">credulum</expan>, decipitur. </s> <s>At non raro uidemus, eum <lb/>qui hoc modo <expan abbr="aliũ">alium</expan> circumuenire uolebat, &longs;eip&longs;um decipere, & merito omni <lb/>bus ludibrio e&longs;&longs;e. </s> <s>Nam plerumque tam qui &longs;tudet <expan abbr="aliũ">alium</expan> fallere, quàm qui falli <lb/>uidetur, rei metallicæ e&longs;t ignarus. </s> <s>Itaque cum uena præter <expan abbr="opinion&etilde;">opinionem</expan> fraudato <lb/>ris metallis abundauerit, tum is qui putabatur deceptus e&longs;&longs;e <expan abbr="lucrũ">lucrum</expan> facit, qui <lb/>decepi&longs;&longs;e damnum. </s> <s>Veruntamen ip&longs;i metallici raro uendunt emúntue par <lb/>tes, &longs;ed frequenter iurati uenditores, qui eas uenales tanti <expan abbr="emũt">emunt</expan> uel <expan abbr="uendũt">uendunt</expan>, <lb/>quanti emere uel uendere fuerint iu&longs;si. </s> <s>Cum igitur magi&longs;tratus ex æquo & <lb/>bono iudicet res <expan abbr="cõtrouer&longs;as">controuer&longs;as</expan>, bonus metallicus neminem decipiat, impro­<lb/>bus fallere non facile po&longs;sit, aut &longs;i fallat, non ferat impune, &longs;ermo <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> qui <lb/>de hone&longs;tate <expan abbr="metallicorũ">metallicorum</expan> detrahere uolunt, nihil momenti & ponderis ha­<lb/>bet. </s> <s>Deinde metallici quæ&longs;tus nemini e&longs;t odio&longs;us. </s> <s>Quis enim non natura <lb/>maleuolus & inuidus <expan abbr="odiũ">odium</expan> habebit in eum ad quem opes qua&longs;i diuinitus <lb/>delatæ &longs;unt? </s> <s>quique hoc amplectitur genus <expan abbr="amplificãdi">amplificandi</expan> rem <expan abbr="familiar&etilde;">familiarem</expan>, quod <lb/>omni caret crimine? </s> <s>Sed fœnerator &longs;i u&longs;uram exercet <expan abbr="immodicã">immodicam</expan>, in odia ho <lb/><expan abbr="minũ">minum</expan> incurrit: Sin <expan abbr="modicã">modicam</expan> & ciuilem, ut non &longs;it inuidio&longs;us, ad <expan abbr="pleb&etilde;">plebem</expan>, quod <lb/>eam non exhauriat, exip&longs;a diues admodum non efficitur. </s> <s>Tum quæ&longs;tus me <lb/>tallici non e&longs;t &longs;ordidus. </s> <s>Quî enim talis e&longs;&longs;e pote&longs;t, tam magnus, tam copio­<lb/>&longs;us, tam pius? </s> <s>Turpe uero & illiberale e&longs;t <expan abbr="lucrũ">lucrum</expan> mercatoris, cum uendit fu­<lb/>co&longs;as & fallaces merces, aut paruo emptis nimis magnum <expan abbr="preciũ">precium</expan> con&longs;tituit, <lb/>eaque de cau&longs;a mercator non minori in odio quàm fœnerator e&longs;&longs;et apud ui­<lb/>ros bonos, ni&longs;i haberent <expan abbr="ration&etilde;">rationem</expan> <expan abbr="periculorũ">periculorum</expan>, in quæ pro mercibus &longs;e infert. </s> <s><lb/>Verum qui hoc loco <expan abbr="cõtumelio&longs;e">contumelio&longs;e</expan> dicunt de metallica <expan abbr="detrah&etilde;di">detrahendi</expan> cau&longs;a, <expan abbr="aiũt">aiunt</expan> <lb/>quondam <expan abbr="facinorũ">facinorum</expan> & &longs;celerum <expan abbr="cõuictos">conuictos</expan> homines e&longs;&longs;e damnatos ad metal­<lb/>la, eosque aut &longs;eruos venas fodi&longs;&longs;e: nunc uero metallicos e&longs;&longs;e mercenarios, <lb/>utque reliquos opifices in &longs;ordida arte uer&longs;ari. </s> <s>Profecto &longs;i metallica ob hanc <lb/>cau&longs;am pudenda & inhone&longs;ta ingenuo homini iudicatur, quod &longs;erui <expan abbr="quõ-dã">quon­<lb/>dam</expan> foderint metalla, nec agricultura erit &longs;atis hone&longs;ta, quod <expan abbr="mãcipia">mancipia</expan> agros <lb/>coluerint, & nunc apud Turcas colant: nec architectura, quod &longs;erui quidam <lb/>in ea artifices reperti &longs;int: neque medicina, quod non pauci medici fuerint &longs;er <lb/>ui, neque plures aliæ artes ingenuæ, quod manu capti eas exercuerint. </s> <s>At a­<lb/>gricultura, & architectura, & medicina, nihilo minus in numero <expan abbr="hone&longs;tarũ">hone&longs;tarum</expan> <lb/>artium habentur. </s> <s>Nec igitur metallica ea cau&longs;a <expan abbr="ip&longs;arũ">ip&longs;arum</expan> à choro excludetur. </s> <s><lb/>Concedamus præterea i&longs;tis quæ&longs;tum <expan abbr="mercenariorũ">mercenariorum</expan> metallicorum e&longs;&longs;e &longs;or­<lb/>didum, nos certe non intelligimus fo&longs;&longs;ores modo cæterosque operarios, &longs;ed <pb pagenum="18"/>tum metallicæ peritos, tum eos qui impen&longs;am <expan abbr="faciũt">faciunt</expan> in metalla. </s> <s>Inter quos <lb/>numerari po&longs;&longs;unt reges, principes, re&longs;pub. </s> <s>& in his hone&longs;ti&longs;simus qui&longs;que<lb/>ciuis. </s> <s>Tum denique intelligimus præfectos <expan abbr="metallorũ">metallorum</expan>, qualis fuit Thucidi­<lb/>des nobilis ille <expan abbr="hi&longs;toriarũ">hi&longs;toriarum</expan> &longs;criptor, quem Athenien&longs;es præpo&longs;uerunt Tha <lb/>&longs;iorum metallis. </s> <s>Attamen con&longs;umere aliquid operæ & laboris in fo&longs;sione <lb/>uenarum non e&longs;t <expan abbr="indecorũ">indecorum</expan> metallicis, maxime &longs;i ip&longs;i <expan abbr="&longs;umptũ">&longs;umptum</expan> fecerint in me <lb/>talla. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quemadmodũ">Quemadmodum</expan> nec magnis uiris proprios agros colere. </s> <s>Alioqui Ro­<lb/>manus &longs;enatus L. </s> <s>Quintium <expan abbr="Cincinnatũ">Cincinnatum</expan> operi agre&longs;ti intentum non crea&longs;­<lb/>&longs;et dictatorem: nec uiros ciuitatis primarios à uillis arce&longs;si&longs;&longs;et in <expan abbr="curiã">curiam</expan>. </s> <s>Simi <lb/>liter neque Maximilianus Cæ&longs;ar no&longs;tra ætate <expan abbr="Conradũ">Conradum</expan> a&longs;crip&longs;i&longs;&longs;et in nume <lb/>rum nobilium, qui comites nominantur. </s> <s>Fuit uero ille, cum in metallis Sne <lb/>bergi operas daret, egenti&longs;simus: quare cognomentum habebat pauperis. </s> <s><lb/>Sed non multos po&longs;t annos ex metallis Fir&longs;ti, quod e&longs;t <expan abbr="oppidũ">oppidum</expan> in Lotharin <lb/>gia, diues factus, nomen ex fortuna inuenit. </s> <s>Neque Vladislaus rex in cœtu <lb/><expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan>, quos <expan abbr="uocãt">uocant</expan> Barones, repo&longs;ui&longs;&longs;et Tur&longs;ium ciuem <expan abbr="Cracoui&etilde;&longs;em">Cracouien&longs;em</expan>, quem <lb/>metalla eius partis regni Vngarorum, quæ quondam Dacia fuit dicta, for­<lb/>tunis locupletarunt. </s> <s>Quinetiam ne metallica quidem plebs e&longs;t uilis & ab­<lb/>iecta. </s> <s>Etenim nocturnis æque ac diurnis uigilijs & operibus exercitata ha­<lb/>bet duriciam <expan abbr="corporũ">corporum</expan> immanem, facillimeque cum res po&longs;tulat, labores & <lb/>munera militiæ &longs;u&longs;tinet. </s> <s>Quippe quæ <expan abbr="cõ&longs;ueuit">con&longs;ueuit</expan> ad <expan abbr="multã">multam</expan> noctem uigilare, <lb/>tractare ferramenta, fo&longs;&longs;as ducere, agere cuniculos, machinas fabricari, one <lb/>ra ferre. </s> <s>Quocirca rei militaris periti, eam non modo. </s> <s>urbanæ plebi præfe­<lb/>runt, &longs;ed etiam ru&longs;ticæ. </s> <s>Verum ut tandem huic di&longs;putationi finem faciam: <lb/>cum quæ&longs;tus maximi &longs;int fœneratoris, bellatoris, mercatoris, agricolæ, me <lb/>tallici: fœnus autem &longs;it odio&longs;um, præda crudeliter capta ex fortunis plebis, <lb/>non culpa calamito&longs;æ, impia, quæ&longs;tus metallicihone&longs;tate ac decore præ&longs;tet <lb/>mercatoris lucro: non minus &longs;it bonus quàm agricolæ, multo uberior. </s> <s><lb/>Quis non intelligit metallicam inprimis e&longs;&longs;e hone&longs;tam? </s> <s>Certe cum <lb/>una &longs;it ex decem maximis rebus optimisque, <expan abbr="pecuniã">pecuniam</expan> <expan abbr="magnã">magnam</expan> bono <lb/>modo inuenire, id homo &longs;tudio&longs;us & diligens rei familiaris <lb/>non alia ratione facilius quàm metallica pote&longs;t a&longs;&longs;equi.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>De re metallica Libri <lb/>primi finis.</s></p><pb pagenum="19"/><p type="head"> <s>GEORGII AGRICO­<lb/>LAE DE RE METALLICA <lb/>LIBER SECVNDVS.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Qvalis e&longs;&longs;e debeat perfectus metallicus, & quæ <lb/>contra artem metallicam & metalla atque ip&longs;os me­<lb/>tallicos uidentur ualere, uel pro eis &longs;unt, primo li­<lb/>bro &longs;atis explicaui: nunc decreui metallicos ampli <lb/>us informare. </s> <s>Qui inprimis nece&longs;&longs;e habent &longs;an­<lb/>ctè Deum colere, ac ea, quæ dicam, &longs;cire, & <expan abbr="operã">operam</expan> <lb/>dare ut quoque opus efficiatur rite atque diligenter. </s> <s><lb/>Etenim diuina prouidentia <expan abbr="factũ">factum</expan> e&longs;t, ut his qui & <lb/>norunt ea quæ oportet facere, & curant ut perfici <lb/>po&longs;&longs;int, plerumque omnia &longs;ecunda accidant: inertibus <expan abbr="cõtra">contra</expan> & qui curam <lb/>in rebus ab&longs;oluendis non ponunt, aduer&longs;a. </s> <s>Nemo certe &longs;atis habet omnes <lb/>artificij metallici partes in animi notione reponere &longs;ine impen&longs;is, quæ faci­<lb/>endæ &longs;unt in metalla: uel &longs;ine laboribus quos &longs;ibi ip&longs;e &longs;umit & &longs;u&longs;tinet. </s> <s>Ita­<lb/>que &longs;i quis facultatem habet id quod opus e&longs;t in <expan abbr="&longs;umptũ">&longs;umptum</expan> erogandi, mercena <lb/>rios, quotquot uult, in operas cuiu&longs;que generis mittet. </s> <s>Vt quondam So&longs;ias <lb/>Thracen&longs;is in <expan abbr="arg&etilde;tarias">argentarias</expan> operas mi&longs;it mille &longs;eruos, quos ip&longs;i elocauerat Ni­<lb/>cias Athenien&longs;is filius Nicerati. </s> <s>Si nullam <expan abbr="impen&longs;ã">impen&longs;am</expan> facere pote&longs;t, ex omni­<lb/>bus operibus <expan abbr="facilimũ">facilimum</expan> quodque &longs;ibi ad <expan abbr="efficiendũ">efficiendum</expan> eligat. </s> <s>Ex quo genere hæc <lb/>duo poti&longs;simum &longs;unt, ducere fo&longs;&longs;as, & <expan abbr="riuorũ">riuorum</expan> ac fluminum arenas lauare. </s> <s><lb/>Nam ex his &longs;æpenumero <expan abbr="colligũtur">colliguntur</expan> auri <expan abbr="ram&etilde;ta">ramenta</expan>: aut lapides nigri, ex qui­<lb/>bus <expan abbr="cõflatur">conflatur</expan> plumbum candidum: aut etiam gemmæ. </s> <s>Illæ aperiunt uenas, <lb/>quæ interdum abundant metallis, in &longs;ummo ce&longs;pite inuentis. </s> <s>Siue igitur ar <lb/>te, &longs;iue ca&longs;u in eius manus tales arenæ aut uenæ inciderint, quæ&longs;tum &longs;ibi in­<lb/>&longs;tituere poterit &longs;ine impendio, et ex paupere diues repente fieri. </s> <s>Contrà ue­<lb/>ro &longs;i optatis non <expan abbr="re&longs;ponderũt">re&longs;ponderunt</expan>, mox de lotione uel fo&longs;sione de&longs;i&longs;tere licebit. </s> <s><lb/>Verum cum unus aliquis rei familiaris <expan abbr="amplificãdæ">amplificandæ</expan> gratia &longs;olus facit <expan abbr="imp&etilde;-&longs;as">impen­<lb/>&longs;as</expan> in metallum, magni refert ip&longs;um intere&longs;&longs;e operibus, & præ&longs;entem uide­<lb/>re omnia, quæ effici iu&longs;sit. </s> <s>Quamobrem aut ad fodinam <expan abbr="domiciliũ">domicilium</expan> habeat, <lb/>ut &longs;e in <expan abbr="cõ&longs;pectum">con&longs;pectum</expan> operarijs &longs;emper dare po&longs;sit, &longs;emperque cauere ne quis &longs;u <lb/>um munus negligenter exequatur: aut habitet in propinquis locis, ut & cre <lb/>bro metallicas operas interui&longs;at, & crebrius ad metallum &longs;e <expan abbr="uenturũ">uenturum</expan>, quàm <lb/>&longs;it uenturus, operarijs per nuncium &longs;ignificet. </s> <s>Etenim &longs;uo aduentu uel eius <lb/>denunciatione <expan abbr="mercenariũ">mercenarium</expan> ferè quenque &longs;ic terrebit, ut <expan abbr="nunquã">nunquam</expan> non diligen­<lb/>ter negotium &longs;uum agat. </s> <s>Sed cum inui&longs;erit <expan abbr="metallũ">metallum</expan> diligenter operarios lau <lb/>det, & <expan abbr="interdũ">interdum</expan> eis det munera, ut & ip&longs;i & alij alcriores ad <expan abbr="laborandũ">laborandum</expan> fiant: <lb/>contrà negligentes obiurget atque aliquos ex metallis amoueat, & in eorum <lb/>locum &longs;edulos &longs;ub&longs;tituat. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quinetiã">Quinetiam</expan> dominus &longs;æpenumero diesnoctesque<lb/>maneat in metallo. </s> <s>Quæ non &longs;it man&longs;io de&longs;idio&longs;a & mollis. </s> <s>Nam metallici <lb/>in re familiari augenda diligentis intere&longs;t, frequenter de&longs;cendere in <expan abbr="fodinã">fodinam</expan>, <lb/>& aliquid temporis conferre ad naturam <expan abbr="uenarũ">uenarum</expan> <expan abbr="fibrarũque">fibrarunque</expan> <expan abbr="cogno&longs;c&etilde;dam">cogno&longs;cendam</expan>, <pb pagenum="20"/>& tam intus quàm foris omnes laborandi rationes intueri atque <expan abbr="cõtemplari">contemplari</expan>. </s> <s><lb/>Necid &longs;olum agere debet, &longs;ed interdum aliquoslabores &longs;u&longs;cipere: non ut in <lb/>ijs &longs;e frangat, &longs;ed ut & &longs;iia diligentia mercenarios excitet, & eos doceat <expan abbr="art&etilde;">artem</expan>. </s> <s><lb/>Etenim bene &longs;e habet metallum, in quo quid faciendum &longs;it non præ&longs;es mo <lb/>do, <expan abbr="uerũ">uerum</expan> dominus etiam docet. </s> <s>Quocirca barbarus quidam, ut e&longs;t apud Xe <lb/>nophontem recte re&longs;pondit regi, oculus domini &longs;aginat equum, nam dili­<lb/>gentia domini omnibus in rebus ualet <expan abbr="plurimũ">plurimum</expan>. </s> <s>At cum multi <expan abbr="cõmunes">communes</expan> im <lb/>pen&longs;as faciunt in metalla, ip&longs;is <expan abbr="accõmodatum">accommodatum</expan> atque utile e&longs;t, ex&longs;e præfectos <lb/>fodinarum eligere, item præ&longs;ides. </s> <s>Quia enim plerunque &longs;ua homines <expan abbr="curãt">curant</expan>, <lb/>aliena negligunt, non po&longs;&longs;unt illi &longs;ua curare, quin aliena curent, nec aliena <lb/>negligere, ut &longs;ua non negligant. </s> <s>Quod &longs;i nemo ex ip&longs;is eiusmodi <expan abbr="officiorũ">officiorum</expan> <lb/>onera &longs;u&longs;cipere uelit, aut &longs;u&longs;tinere po&longs;sit, è re <expan abbr="cõmuni">communi</expan> erit, ea uiris <expan abbr="dilig&etilde;ti&longs;si">diligenti&longs;si</expan> <lb/>mis imponere. </s> <s>Quondam certe hæcres curæ fuit præfectis metalloru: &longs;iue <lb/>domini e&longs;&longs;ent reges, utPriamus <expan abbr="aurariorũ">aurariorum</expan> circa Abydum, Mydas <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> quæ <lb/>fuerunt in Berimo monte, Gyges, Alyattes, Crœ&longs;us eorum, quæ <expan abbr="fuerũt">fuerunt</expan> ad <lb/>oppidum de&longs;ertum inter Atarneam & Pergamum: &longs;iue re&longs;pub. </s> <s>ut Cartha­<lb/>ginien&longs;es <expan abbr="argentariorũ">argentariorum</expan> quibus floruit Hi&longs;pania: &longs;iue familiæ amplæ & illu <lb/>&longs;tres, ut Athenis fodinarum Laurei montis. </s> <s>Hoc porro rationibus domini <lb/>artis adhuc ignari maxime conducit, &longs;umptum <expan abbr="commun&etilde;">communem</expan> &longs;ibi cum alijs po­<lb/>nere non in fo&longs;sione uenæ unius, &longs;ed plurium. </s> <s>Nam qui &longs;olus impen&longs;as fa­<lb/>cit in unam aliquam fodinam, &longs;i &longs;ecunda fortuna ip&longs;i uenam <expan abbr="abundant&etilde;">abundantem</expan> me <lb/>tallis alijsque fo&longs;silibus elargitur, ampli&longs;simæ pecuniæ fit dominus: &longs;in ad­<lb/>uer&longs;a inopem & &longs;terilem, in omne tempus perdit omnino omnem <expan abbr="&longs;umptũ">&longs;umptum</expan>, <lb/>quem in eam impendit. </s> <s>Qui uero nummos <expan abbr="cõmuniter">communiter</expan> cum alijs in&longs;umit in <lb/>plures uenas alicuius loci nobilitati copia <expan abbr="metallorũ">metallorum</expan>, ille raro perdit oleum <lb/>& operam, &longs;ed ip&longs;ius optatis plerumque fortuna re&longs;pondet. </s> <s>Cum enim ex du <lb/>odecim uenis in quas <expan abbr="cõmunis">communis</expan> fit &longs;umptus una metallis affluens, domino <lb/>non reddat modo pecuniam impen&longs;am, &longs;ed det præterea <expan abbr="lucrũ">lucrum</expan>, certe erit ei <lb/>res metallica ampla & fructuo&longs;a, cui duæ uenæ aut tres, aut quatuor plu­<lb/>résue effundunt metalla. </s> <s>Xenophontis autem non <expan abbr="multũ">multum</expan> huic di&longs;simile <expan abbr="cõ">com</expan> <lb/>&longs;ilium e&longs;t, quid ip&longs;is Athenien&longs;ibus &longs;it <expan abbr="faciendũ">faciendum</expan>, &longs;i nouas argenti uenas &longs;ine <lb/>detrimento uoluerint quærere. </s> <s>Sunt, inquit, Athenien&longs;ium decem tribus. </s> <s><lb/>Itaque &longs;i ciuitas &longs;ingulis dederit &longs;eruos pares numero, atque ip&longs;æ <expan abbr="cõmuni">communi</expan> for­<lb/>tuna nouas uenas &longs;ecuerint, hoc &longs;ane modo &longs;i una inuenerit uenam argenti <lb/>diuitem, utique uniuer&longs;is, id quod habet utilitatem, o&longs;tendet: &longs;in duæ tribus <lb/>inuenerint, aut tres, aut quatuor, aut dimidia earum pars, profecto hæc o­<lb/>pera utiliora fient. </s> <s>Spem enim omnes tribus fru&longs;trari, <expan abbr="præteritorũ">præteritorum</expan> non e&longs;t <lb/>&longs;imile. </s> <s>Quamuis autem hoc Xenophontis <expan abbr="cõ&longs;ilium">con&longs;ilium</expan> &longs;it <expan abbr="plenũ">plenum</expan> prudentiæ, ta <lb/>men ei locus non e&longs;t in ullis ciuitatibus, ni&longs;i liberis & opulentis. </s> <s>Nam quæ <lb/>in regum & principum ditione &longs;unt, ueltyranni dominatu premuntur, &longs;ine <lb/>eorum permi&longs;&longs;u non audent facere tales impen&longs;as. </s> <s>Quæ præditæ &longs;unt par­<lb/>uis opibus ac facultatibus, præ indigentia non po&longs;&longs;unt: tum etiam, ut mos <lb/>e&longs;t no&longs;trorum <expan abbr="hominũ">hominum</expan>, re&longs;pub. </s> <s>nullos habent &longs;eruos, quos tribubus elo­<lb/>care po&longs;&longs;ent. </s> <s>Quare hodie qui cum pote&longs;tate &longs;unt, nomine rerumpub. </s> <s>im­<lb/>pen&longs;as agunt in metalla, non aliter ac priuati homines. </s> <s>Nonnulli uero do-</s></p><pb pagenum="97"/><p type="main"> <s>P<emph type="italics"/>ertic æ line æ minorifpacio inter &longs;e distantes<emph.end type="italics"/> A. <lb/>P<emph type="italics"/>ertic æ liue æ maiori &longs;pacio inter &longs;e distantes<emph.end type="italics"/> B.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Tam <expan abbr="aut&etilde;">autem</expan> hi men&longs;ores quàm proximi prius funiculis canabinis utuntur: <lb/>mox eos alteris, ex philyris tiliæ factis, quod hi nihil, illi multum remittant, <lb/><expan abbr="metiũtur">metiuntur</expan>. </s> <s>Atque hos in æquatam planiciem <expan abbr="extendũt">extendunt</expan>. </s> <s>Primo quidem <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> <lb/>per deuexam montis partem de&longs;cendentem obliquè. </s> <s>Deinde funiculum &longs;e <lb/>cundum, cui longitudo e&longs;t cuniculi, &longs;ub puteum agendi, rectà collocant, ut <lb/>altero capite primi funiculi caput inferius attingat: tum tertium <expan abbr="funiculũ">funiculum</expan> <expan abbr="it&etilde;">item</expan> <lb/>rectà. </s> <s>lo cant: & quidem &longs;ic ut &longs;uperior&longs;&longs;uo capite &longs;uperius primi funiculi ca <lb/>put contingat, inferiori <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> &longs;ecundi funiculi, fiatque triangulus. </s> <s>Huius au­<lb/>tem tertij funiculi altitudinem ad in&longs;trumenti, cui index e&longs;t, partem, <expan abbr="tanquã">tanquam</expan> <lb/>ad perpendiculum re&longs;pondentem, exigunt: cuius funiculi longitudo putei <lb/>altitudinem demon&longs;trat.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>F<emph type="italics"/>uniculi extenti<emph.end type="italics"/> P<emph type="italics"/>rimus &longs;iue alter funicu lus<emph.end type="italics"/> A. <lb/>S<emph type="italics"/>ecundus<emph.end type="italics"/> B. T<emph type="italics"/>ertius<emph.end type="italics"/> C. T<emph type="italics"/>riangulus<emph.end type="italics"/> D.</s></p><figure></figure><pb pagenum="98"/><p type="main"> <s>Quidam uerò men&longs;ores, ut ratio altitudinis putei dimetiendæ certior &longs;it <lb/>quinque funiculis extentis utuntur: primo obliquè de&longs;cendente, duobus, &longs;e­<lb/>cundo &longs;cilicet & tertio, quibus e&longs;t cuniculi longitudo, duobus, quibus pu­<lb/>tei altitudo: quo &longs;anè modo con&longs;tituunt quadrangulum, in duos triangu­<lb/>los æquales diui&longs;um: qui magis ad ueritatem dirigit.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>F<emph type="italics"/>uniculi extenti<emph.end type="italics"/> P<emph type="italics"/>rimus<emph.end type="italics"/> A. S<emph type="italics"/>ecundus<emph.end type="italics"/> B. T<emph type="italics"/>ertius<emph.end type="italics"/> B. <lb/>Q<emph type="italics"/>uartus<emph.end type="italics"/> C. Q<emph type="italics"/>uintus<emph.end type="italics"/> C. Q<emph type="italics"/>uadrangulus<emph.end type="italics"/> D.</s></p><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Atque hæ rationes altitudinis putei & longitudinis cuniculi dimetiendæ <lb/>tunc ueræ &longs;unt, cum uena atque &longs;ic etiam puteus uel putei uno eodemque teno <lb/>re rectà uel obliquè u&longs;que ad <expan abbr="cuniculũ">cuniculum</expan> de&longs;cendit: &longs;imiliter cùm cuniculus re­<lb/>ctà ad puteum pertingit: at cùm uterque modo in hanc, modo in illam <expan abbr="part&etilde;">partem</expan> <lb/>&longs;e flectit, &longs;i neutrius &longs;pacium fuerit perfo&longs;&longs;um, nemo omnium <expan abbr="mortaliũ">mortalium</expan> tam <lb/>acri e&longs;t ingenio, ut quantum de recto curriculo deflectant animo po&longs;sit cer <lb/>nere: &longs;in totum alterutrius, de alterius quidem longitudine, de alterius uerò <lb/>altitudine facilius po&longs;&longs;umus exi&longs;timare: itaque locus cuniculi, qui e&longs;t &longs;ub pu­<lb/>teo iam primum fodi cœpto, ex dimetiendo &longs;ic di&longs;citur. </s> <s>Ad os cuniculi pri­<lb/>mò figitur tripus, itemque ad puteum, qui fodi cœpit, aut ad locum in quo fo <lb/>dietur puteus. </s> <s>Tripus autem fit ex tribus palis in terram infixis, & a&longs;&longs;erculo <lb/>quadrangulo, &longs;uper quem in&longs;trumentum, partes mundi indicans, &longs;tatuitur, <lb/>in palos impo&longs;ito & ad ip&longs;os affixo. </s> <s>Deinde ab inferiori tripode rectà in ter <lb/>ram demittitur funiculus pondere grauatus: iuxta quem <expan abbr="funiculũ">funiculum</expan> <expan abbr="iterũ">iterum</expan> pa­<pb pagenum="99"/>lus in terra defigitur: ad quem alter funiculus alligatus & affixus rectà duci­<lb/>tur in cuniculum u&longs;que ad eum finem, dum nullum fundamenti uel tecti ue­<lb/>næ angulum attingat: po&longs;tea à funiculo, ex inferiori tripode pendente, funi <lb/>culus tertius, item affixus rectà &longs;ur&longs;um uer&longs;us per decliuem montis partem <lb/>ducitur u&longs;que ad palum tripodis &longs;uperioris, atque ad eum alligatur et affigitur: <lb/>ut autem altitudinis dimen&longs;io certior &longs;it, unum & idem latus funiculi, ex in­<lb/>feriori tripode pendentis, contingat tertius i&longs;te funiculus, quod &longs;ecundus, <lb/>in cuniculum ductus, contingit: his omnibus ritè factis men&longs;or cùm iam fu­<lb/>niculus, rectà in cuniculum ductus, angulum &longs;iue fundamenti &longs;iue tecti ta­<lb/>cturus e&longs;t, in &longs;olum cuniculi collocat a&longs;&longs;erem, & &longs;uper eum &longs;tatuit <expan abbr="orb&etilde;">orbem</expan>, uel <lb/><expan abbr="in&longs;trum&etilde;tum">in&longs;trumentum</expan>, quod indicem habet, ei peculiare: id circulis ceratis differt ab <lb/>altero, cui item index, libro tertio à nobis de&longs;cripto. </s> <s>Ad utrumque autem, tan <lb/>quam ad regulam & normam, decernit utrum funiculi extenti rectà <expan abbr="tendãt">tendant</expan> <lb/>ad extremam cuniculi partem, an modo rectà tendant, modo ad fundamen <lb/>tum uel tectum declinent: utrumque in&longs;trumentum in partes diui&longs;um e&longs;t: &longs;ed <lb/>quod habet indicem, quem regit magnes, in quatuor & uiginti: orbis uerò <lb/>in &longs;edecim. </s> <s>Etenim primò in quatuor principales, quarum quæque rur&longs;us in <lb/>quatuor: utrique &longs;unt circuli cerati, uerum ei, quod habet indicem, &longs;eptem: al­<lb/>teri, tantum quinque. </s> <s>Hos circulos ceratos men&longs;or &longs;iue hoc &longs;iue illo utatur in <lb/>&longs;trumento, pungit, ip&longs;is punctis ordine notans partes, in quas funiculi di­<lb/>uer&longs;is modis extenduntur. </s> <s>Sed orbis præterea foramen habet ex eius exti­<lb/>ma parte circulari ad punctum u&longs;que pertinens: in quod cochleam ferream, <lb/>ad quam &longs;ecundum funiculum alligat, immittit & uer&longs;ando in a&longs;&longs;erem infi­<lb/>git: ut etiam orbis maneat immobilis. </s> <s>Ne uerò funiculus &longs;ecundus & dein­<lb/>ceps alij extenti, de cochlea detrahantur, cauit ferro graui, in cuius foramine <lb/>cochleæ caput includit: at alterum <expan abbr="in&longs;trumentũ">in&longs;trumentum</expan>, cui index e&longs;t, quia caret fo­<lb/>ramine, tantummodo ad cochleam apponit.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>I<emph type="italics"/>n&longs;trumenti, cui index est, &longs;eptem circuli cerati<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>A B C D E F G,</s></p><pb pagenum="100"/><figure></figure><p type="caption"> <s>Hic in&longs;eratur pagina, picturam Orbis quinque circulorum <lb/>ceratorum continens.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Vt autem in&longs;trumentum in priorem uel po&longs;teriorem partem non incli­<lb/>net, atque ita nec men&longs;ura in maiorem quàm par &longs;it, longitudinem excre&longs;cat, <lb/>&longs;uper ip&longs;um libellam &longs;tatiuam collocat: cuius ligula, &longs;i in&longs;trumentum in neu <lb/>tram partem propenderit, nullos numeros, &longs;ed <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> demon&longs;trat.</s></p><pb/><figure></figure><p type="caption"> <s>Ponatur fol. </s> <s>100. <lb/>O<emph type="italics"/>rbis quinque circuli cerati<emph.end type="italics"/> A. B. C. <lb/>D. E. E<emph type="italics"/>iu&longs;dem foramen<emph.end type="italics"/> F. <lb/>C<emph type="italics"/>ochlea<emph.end type="italics"/> G. <lb/>F<emph type="italics"/>errum perfor atum<emph.end type="italics"/> H.<lb/><figure id="fig1"></figure></s></p><pb pagenum="101"/><p type="caption"> <s>L<emph type="italics"/>ibella &longs;tatiua<emph.end type="italics"/> A. E<emph type="italics"/>ius ligula<emph.end type="italics"/> B. L<emph type="italics"/>ibella & ligula<emph.end type="italics"/> C.</s></p><figure></figure><pb pagenum="102"/><p type="main"> <s>Sed cùm iam men&longs;or &longs;ingulis cuniculi angulis diligenter ob&longs;eruatis tan­<lb/>tam eius partem dimen&longs;us fuerit, quantam dimetiri debuit, &longs;ub dio in æqua <lb/>ta planicie rur&longs;us &longs;ingulis angulis non minori diligentia ob&longs;eruatis, eodem <lb/>modo dimetitur: atque primò ad quenque angulum, prout trianguli ratio & <lb/>ars hoc po&longs;tulant, rectum funiculum, tanquam lineam, adijcit. </s> <s>Deinde funi <lb/>culum, per deuexam montis partem <expan abbr="a&longs;cend&etilde;tem">a&longs;cendentem</expan>, &longs;ic obliquè extendit ut in­<lb/>feriori capite prius huius recti funiculi caput attingat: tum tertium funicu­<lb/>lum &longs;imiliter rectà, & quidem &longs;ic ut &longs;uperiori &longs;uo capite &longs;uperius &longs;ecundi fu <lb/>niculi caput contingat, inferiori po&longs;terius primi funiculi. </s> <s>Tertij autem funi­<lb/>culi longitudo altitudinem putei, ut &longs;uprà dixi, demon&longs;trat &longs;imul et partem <lb/>caniculi, ad <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> putei fo&longs;&longs;a depre&longs;&longs;a pertinget. </s> <s>Si uerò ad cuniculum pute­<lb/>us unus uel plures per intermedias fo&longs;&longs;as latentes & puteos pertinuerint, <lb/>men&longs;or à proximo, qui &longs;ub dio e&longs;t, or&longs;us, breuius & citius altitudinem fodi <lb/>endi putei dimetitur, quàm &longs;i ordiatur ab ore cuniculi. </s> <s>Primò autem inter­<lb/>uallum &longs;ubdiale, quod e&longs;t inter puteum effo&longs;&longs;um & effodiendum metitur: <lb/>tum omnium puteorum, quos metiri oportet, obliquitatem, & <expan abbr="omniũ">omnium</expan> fo&longs;­<lb/>&longs;arum latentium, quibus quodam modo <expan abbr="cõiunguntur">coniunguntur</expan>, longitudinem u&longs;que<lb/>ad cuniculum. </s> <s>Po&longs;tremò cuniculi partem, atque his omnibus ritè factis altitu <lb/>dinem putei & <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> cuniculi, ad quem puteus pertinebit, demon&longs;trat. </s> <s>Sed <lb/>interdum ibi puteus rectus admodum altus fodiendus e&longs;t, ubi prius e&longs;t ob­<lb/>liquus: & quidem iccirco ut onera machinis directo &longs;ur&longs;um &longs;ubleuari & ex <lb/>trahi po&longs;sint: &longs;ub dio certè ea, quam uer&longs;ant equi: intra terram eadem & ijs <lb/>quas impetus aquarum circumagit: itaque talem puteum &longs;i nece&longs;&longs;e fuerit fo­<lb/>dere men&longs;or primò cochleam ferream uer&longs;ando in &longs;uperiorem ueteris pu­<lb/>tei partem infigit: atque ab ea funiculum demittit u&longs;que ad primum angulum, <lb/>ubi rur&longs;us infigit cochleam, rur&longs;u&longs;que demittit funiculum u&longs;que ad &longs;ecundum <lb/>angulum. </s> <s>Id autem iterum ac &longs;æpius facit, & quidem u&longs;que eò dum funiculus <lb/>ad imum puteum pertineat. </s> <s>Deinde ad quamque funiculi partem inferius ap <lb/>plicat hemicyclium, & &longs;emicirculum ceratum prope quamque lineam, quam <lb/>ligula demon&longs;trat, pungit, & numero, ne perturbetur ordo, &longs;ignat: tum &longs;in­<lb/>gulas funiculi partes altero funiculo, ex philyris tiliæ facto, dimetitur: po­<lb/>&longs;tea cùm ex puteo redijt, &longs;ecernit &longs;e ab alijs & puncta ex hemicyclij &longs;emicir­<lb/>culo cerato transfert in aliquem orbis circulum, item ceratum. </s> <s>Po&longs;tremò fu <lb/>niculis in æquata planicie extentis angulos, ut trianguli ratio hoc po&longs;tulat, <lb/>metitur: ac docet qua parte fundamenti, qua tecti &longs;axa <expan abbr="excind&etilde;da">excindenda</expan> &longs;int ut pu­<lb/>teus rectà de&longs;cendat. </s> <s>Quod &longs;i men&longs;or fodinæ dominis o&longs;tendere debeat lo <lb/>cum fo&longs;&longs;æ latentis uel cuniculi, in quo puteus etiam &longs;ur&longs;us uer&longs;us <expan abbr="fodi&etilde;dus">fodiendus</expan> <lb/>&longs;it ut citius perforetur, ab inferiore fo&longs;&longs;a latente uel cuniculo dimetiendi ini <lb/>tium facit &longs;pacio ferè unius anguli ultra eum locum, ad quem putei fo&longs;&longs;a de­<lb/>pre&longs;&longs;a pertinget: ubi eam fo&longs;&longs;am latentem uel cuniculi partem u&longs;que ad prio­<lb/>rem puteum, qui ab ip&longs;a ad &longs;uperiorem pertinet, dimen&longs;us fuerit, eius quo­<lb/>que putei obliquitatem hemicyclio uel orbe ad funiculum applicato meti­<lb/>tur. </s> <s>Deinde &longs;imiliter &longs;uperiorem fo&longs;&longs;am <expan abbr="lat&etilde;tem">latentem</expan> & obliquitatem putei, qui <lb/>in ea foditur & &longs;ur&longs;um uer&longs;us perforandus &longs;it: tum iterum in æquata plani­<lb/>cie funiculis omnibus extentis, & quidem ultimo &longs;ic ut ad primum <expan abbr="funiculũ">funiculum</expan> <pb pagenum="103"/>pertingat, metitur: atque ex ea <expan abbr="dim&etilde;&longs;ione">dimen&longs;ione</expan> cogno&longs;cit quo loco fo&longs;&longs;æ <expan abbr="lat&etilde;tis">latentis</expan> uel <lb/>cuniculi &longs;ur&longs;um uer&longs;us <expan abbr="fodiendũ">fodiendum</expan> &longs;it, et quot uenæ <expan abbr="fodi&etilde;dæ">fodiendæ</expan> pa&longs;&longs;us re&longs;tent, ut <lb/>puteus perfodi po&longs;sit. </s> <s>Dixi de priori <expan abbr="dimeti&etilde;di">dimetiendi</expan> ratione, nunc <expan abbr="dicã">dicam</expan> de altera. </s> <s><lb/>Cùm una uena propius ad <expan abbr="alterã">alteram</expan> accedit, & earum diuer&longs;i &longs;unt po&longs;&longs;e&longs;&longs;ores, <lb/>qui nuper uenerunt in <expan abbr="po&longs;&longs;e&longs;sion&etilde;">po&longs;&longs;e&longs;sionem</expan> &longs;iue <expan abbr="cuniculũ">cuniculum</expan>, uel fo&longs;&longs;am <expan abbr="latent&etilde;">latentem</expan> agant, &longs;i <lb/>ue puteum fodiant, in ueterum dominorum quadratum nullo iure inua­<lb/>dunt, aut inuadere uidentur: quocirca hi plerumque ius &longs;uum repetunt, aut <lb/>per&longs;equuntur iudicio. </s> <s>Sed men&longs;or uel ip&longs;e controuer&longs;iam inter dominos di <lb/>rimit, uel arte &longs;ua iudices in&longs;truit ad decernendum, ut alter ab alterius metal <lb/>lo manus ab&longs;tineat. </s> <s>Itaque primò utriu&longs;que partis fodinas metitur funiculis ca­<lb/>nabinis & ex philyris tiliæ factis: & ad eos orbe, uel in&longs;trumento, cui index <lb/>e&longs;t, applicato punctis notat partes, in quas extenduntur. </s> <s>Deinde funiculos <lb/>in æquata planicie extendit: tum ab ea parte, cuius domini &longs;unt in antiqua <lb/>quadrati po&longs;&longs;e&longs;sione or&longs;us alteram uer&longs;us, &longs;eu in uenæ tecto &longs;eu in funda­<lb/>mento fuerit, tran&longs;uer&longs;arium funiculum rectà &longs;ecundum &longs;extam in&longs;trumen <lb/>ti, cui index e&longs;t, partem tendit &longs;pacio pa&longs;&longs;uum trium & dimidij: atque ueteri­<lb/>bus dominis <expan abbr="&longs;uũ">&longs;uum</expan> tribuit. </s> <s>Quod &longs;i <expan abbr="utrũque">utrunque</expan> unius uenæ latus in duobus cuni­<lb/>culis uel fo&longs;sis latentib. </s> <s>aduer&longs;is fodiatur, men&longs;or prius expendit <expan abbr="inferior&etilde;">inferiorem</expan> <lb/>cuniculum uel fo&longs;&longs;am latentem, po&longs;terius &longs;uperiorem, & con&longs;iderat quan­<lb/>tum uterque paulatim altior factus &longs;it: utrinque <expan abbr="aut&etilde;">autem</expan> uiri robu&longs;ti funiculos ex­<lb/>tentos &longs;ic manu comprehendunt & tenent, ut nihil remittant: utrinque men­<lb/>&longs;or perticas, longas pa&longs;&longs;um dimidium, funiculis &longs;upponit: & po&longs;teriori qui <lb/>dem parte bacillum breue, quoties eo &longs;ibi opus e&longs;t, perticæ: &longs;ed quidam ad <lb/>perticas funiculos, ut minus uacillent, alligant. </s> <s>Libram uerò men&longs;or, ut certi <lb/>us utrinque expendere po&longs;sit, ad medium funiculum appendit: atque ex ea re <lb/>cogno&longs;cit utrum alter cuniculus magis quàm alter, &longs;imiliter altera fo&longs;&longs;a la­<lb/>tens magis quàm altera a&longs;&longs;urrexerit. </s> <s>Deinde utrinque obliquitatem <expan abbr="puteorũ">puteorum</expan> <lb/>metitur, ut utrinque eorum rectitudinem habere po&longs;sit. </s> <s>Tum facile per&longs;picit <lb/>quot pa&longs;&longs;uum &longs;pacium perfodiendum re&longs;tet. </s> <s>Cuniculus autem qui&longs;que, ut di <lb/>xi, centum pa&longs;&longs;uum &longs;pacio altior uno pa&longs;&longs;u fieri debet.</s></p><pb pagenum="104"/><p type="caption"> <s>L<emph type="italics"/>ibræ pen&longs;ilis ligula<emph.end type="italics"/> A.</s></p><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>At men&longs;ores Alpini cum cuniculos, in alti&longs;simos montes actos, metiri &longs;o <lb/><expan abbr="l&etilde;t">lent</expan>, utuntur <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> perticis, pa&longs;&longs;um <expan abbr="dimidiũ">dimidium</expan> longis, &longs;ed quæ ex tribus partibus, <lb/>quibus &longs;unt cochleæ con&longs;tant, ut eas breuiores facere po&longs;sint: utuntur funi­<lb/>culo, ex philyris tiliæ facto, ad quem alligatæ &longs;unt &longs;chœdæ, numerum pa&longs;&longs;u <lb/>um indicantes: <expan abbr="utũtur">utuntur</expan> <expan abbr="in&longs;trum&etilde;to">in&longs;trumento</expan>, cui index e&longs;t, ip&longs;is peculiari: circulis enim <pb pagenum="105"/>ceratis caret: uerum eorum loco in manibus habent chartam, in qua <expan abbr="&longs;cribũt">&longs;cribunt</expan> <lb/>quamque in&longs;trumenti, in po&longs;teriorem perticam impo&longs;iti partem, quam ligu­<lb/>la, & funiculus extentus, per eius tria foramina penetrans, demon&longs;trant, & <lb/>numeros pa&longs;&longs;uum notant: eadem ligula indicat utrum funiculus in <expan abbr="prior&etilde;">priorem</expan> <lb/>uel po&longs;teriorem partem inclinet. </s> <s>Pen&longs;ilis autem, ut in libra, non e&longs;t, &longs;ed ad <lb/>in&longs;trumentum affixa, in eo qua&longs;i iacet: &longs;ed cuniculos iccirco metiuntur ut &longs;ci <lb/>re po&longs;sint quot pa&longs;sibus facti &longs;int altiores: quot pa&longs;&longs;us inferior à &longs;uperiori <lb/>di&longs;tet: quot pa&longs;&longs;uum interuallum, nondum perfo&longs;&longs;um, &longs;it inter fo&longs;&longs;ores, qui <lb/>aduer&longs;i cauant unam eandemque uenam uel <expan abbr="fibrã">fibram</expan> tran&longs;uer&longs;am, aut duas, qua­<lb/>rum altera in <expan abbr="alterã">alteram</expan> uergit.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>I<emph type="italics"/>n&longs;tru enti index<emph.end type="italics"/> A. E<emph type="italics"/>ius ligula<emph.end type="italics"/> B. L<emph type="italics"/>igulæ foramina<emph.end type="italics"/> C D E.</s></p><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Sed redeo ad no&longs;tras fodinas. </s> <s>Si men&longs;or intus in cuniculis, uel fo&longs;sis <expan abbr="lat&etilde;">latem</expan> <lb/>tibus uoluerit <expan abbr="arearũ">arearum</expan> terminos con&longs;tituere & pangere &longs;igno in <expan abbr="&longs;axũ">&longs;axum</expan> inci&longs;o, <pb pagenum="106"/><expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> magi&longs;ter <expan abbr="metallicorũ">metallicorum</expan> &longs;upra <expan abbr="terrã">terram</expan> <expan abbr="ea&longs;d&etilde;">ea&longs;dem</expan> finib. </s> <s>definiuit, <expan abbr="tũc">tunc</expan> pri <lb/>mo <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> cuniculi uel fo&longs;&longs;æ <expan abbr="lat&etilde;tis">latentis</expan>, qui e&longs;t &longs;ub &longs;tipite terminali, ex <expan abbr="dimeti&etilde;do">dimetiendo</expan>, <lb/>eo <expan abbr="qu&etilde;">quem</expan> &longs;uprà explicaui modo, di&longs;cit: ultra eum <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan>, in cuius <expan abbr="&longs;axũ">&longs;axum</expan> exi&longs;timat <lb/>&longs;ignum e&longs;&longs;e <expan abbr="incidendũ">incidendum</expan>, <expan abbr="funiculũ">funiculum</expan> extendens. </s> <s>Deinde <expan abbr="ij&longs;d&etilde;">ij&longs;dem</expan> funiculis in æqua <lb/><gap/>a planitie extentis ab ea &longs;upremi parte, quæ &longs;tipitem <expan abbr="terminal&etilde;">terminalem</expan> de&longs;ignat, or <lb/>&longs;us <expan abbr="infimũ">infimum</expan> uer&longs;us rectà <expan abbr="&longs;ecundũ">&longs;ecundum</expan> <expan abbr="&longs;extã">&longs;extam</expan> in&longs;trumenti, cui index e&longs;t, partem ten­<lb/>dit <expan abbr="tran&longs;uer&longs;ariũ">tran&longs;uer&longs;arium</expan>: tum infimi funiculi parte, quæ e&longs;t ultra <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan>, ad <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> tran&longs;uer <lb/>&longs;arius pertinet, ablata demon&longs;trat quo loco <expan abbr="&longs;ignũ">&longs;ignum</expan> terminale & <expan abbr="hæreditariũ">hæreditarium</expan> <lb/>&longs;it in <expan abbr="&longs;axũ">&longs;axum</expan> cuniculi uel fo&longs;&longs;æ latentis <expan abbr="incidendũ">incidendum</expan>. </s> <s>Inciditur <expan abbr="aũt">aunt</expan> id præ&longs;entibus <lb/><expan abbr="duũuiris">duunuiris</expan> iuratis, utriu&longs;que fodinæ præfecto et præ&longs;ide. </s> <s>Vt enim magi&longs;ter me <lb/><expan abbr="tallicorũ">tallicorum</expan> <expan abbr="ij&longs;d&etilde;">ij&longs;dem</expan> præ&longs;entibus &longs;tipites terminales in <expan abbr="terrã">terram</expan> infigit, ita men&longs;or &longs;i­<lb/>gni cau&longs;&longs;a <expan abbr="plagã">plagam</expan> infligit &longs;axis, quæ ip&longs;a etiam iccirco terminalia <expan abbr="nominãtur">nominantur</expan>. </s> <s><lb/>Si uerò in puteo uenæ, nuper fodi cœptæ, terminos areæ pangat, primo ei­<lb/>us putei <expan abbr="obliquitat&etilde;">obliquitatem</expan> in&longs;trumento, cui e&longs;t index, uel alio ad <expan abbr="funiculũ">funiculum</expan> applica <lb/>to, metitur et <expan abbr="pũctis">punctis</expan> notat. </s> <s>Deinde <expan abbr="o&etilde;s">oens</expan> fo&longs;&longs;as <expan abbr="lat&etilde;tes">latentes</expan> u&longs;que ad <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan>, in cuius &longs;axis <lb/>&longs;igna terminalia &longs;unt <expan abbr="incid&etilde;da">incidenda</expan>: eius uerò fo&longs;&longs;æ latentis &longs;ingulos angulos di <lb/>metitur: <expan abbr="tũ">tum</expan> funiculis in planicie <expan abbr="ext&etilde;tis">extentis</expan> &longs;imiliter <expan abbr="tran&longs;uer&longs;ariũ">tran&longs;uer&longs;arium</expan>, ut dixi, tendit, <lb/>& &longs;igna in &longs;axis incidit. </s> <s>Quod &longs;i <expan abbr="&longs;axũ">&longs;axum</expan> terminale & <expan abbr="hæreditariũ">hæreditarium</expan> <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> in fo&longs;&longs;a <lb/>latente, quæ &longs;ub hac e&longs;t, <expan abbr="incidendũ">incidendum</expan> fuerit, men&longs;or ab hoc &longs;igno or&longs;us &longs;ingu­<lb/>los angulos notans metitur: & in inferiore fo&longs;&longs;a <expan abbr="lat&etilde;te">latente</expan> <expan abbr="funiculũ">funiculum</expan> tendit ultra <lb/>eum locum, in cuius &longs;axo exi&longs;timat <expan abbr="&longs;ignũ">&longs;ignum</expan> e&longs;&longs;e <expan abbr="incidendũ">incidendum</expan>: mox funiculos, ut <lb/>&longs;æpius dixi, in planicie extendit. </s> <s>Et&longs;i uerò uena &longs;e in inferiore fo&longs;&longs;a latente a­<lb/>liter ac in &longs;uperiore, in qua primum <expan abbr="&longs;ignũ">&longs;ignum</expan> terminale in &longs;axo e&longs;t inci&longs;um, ten­<lb/>dit, tamen in inferiore <expan abbr="&longs;ignũ">&longs;ignum</expan> rectà in &longs;axo <expan abbr="incidendũ">incidendum</expan> e&longs;t. </s> <s>Etenim &longs;i <expan abbr="&longs;ignũ">&longs;ignum</expan> infe <lb/>rius <expan abbr="&longs;ecundũ">&longs;ecundum</expan> &longs;uperius inciderit, <expan abbr="obliquũ">obliquum</expan> fiet: quo modo iniurio&longs;è alteri fodi <lb/>næ aliquid de po&longs;&longs;e&longs;sione detrahitur, alteri datur. </s> <s>Si præterea acciderit ut &longs;i <lb/><expan abbr="gnũ">gnum</expan> <expan abbr="hæreditariũ">hæreditarium</expan> in angulo &longs;it <expan abbr="incidendũ">incidendum</expan>, men&longs;or ab eo or&longs;us pa&longs;&longs;um unum <lb/><expan abbr="prior&etilde;">priorem</expan> fodinam uer&longs;us metitur, <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> po&longs;teriorem uer&longs;us: atque ex his efficit <lb/><expan abbr="trianguiũ">trianguium</expan>, eumque <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> tran&longs;uer&longs;ario funiculo diuidens ad <expan abbr="illũ">illum</expan> <expan abbr="&longs;axũ">&longs;axum</expan> termi­<lb/>nale in &longs;axo incidit. </s> <s>Po&longs;tremò men&longs;or interdum rei in ueritatis lucem profe <lb/>rendæ gratia areæ terminum pangit in his locis, in quibus iam antè multa &longs;i <lb/>gna terminalia in &longs;axis &longs;unt inci&longs;a. </s> <s>Tunc uerò à &longs;tipite terminali, &longs;ub dio in <lb/>terram infixo, or&longs;us primò u&longs;que ad <expan abbr="proximã">proximam</expan> fodinam metitur: deinde dime­<lb/>titur <expan abbr="unũ">unum</expan> & <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> <expan abbr="puteũ">puteum</expan>: tum &longs;tipitem terminalem in æquata planicie figit: <lb/>& ab eo <expan abbr="initiũ">initium</expan> faciens ij&longs;dem funiculis extentis &longs;imiliter metitur: atque iterum <lb/>&longs;tipitem, qui ip&longs;i eum dimetiendi finem &longs;ignificet, in <expan abbr="terrã">terram</expan> infigit: po&longs;tea &longs;ub <lb/>terra ab eo loco, in quo de&longs;itum e&longs;t, rur&longs;us incipit metiri tot puteos & fo&longs;&longs;as <lb/>latentes, quot memini&longs;&longs;e pote&longs;t. </s> <s>Mox redit in planiciem: & iterum à &longs;ecun­<lb/>do &longs;tipite or&longs;us metitur: atque id facit u&longs;que ad fo&longs;&longs;am latentem, in qua &longs;ignum <lb/>terminale in &longs;axo e&longs;t incidendum: ad extremum à &longs;tipite terminali, primum <lb/>in terra fixo, or&longs;us tran&longs;uer&longs;arium funiculum rectà tendit uer&longs;us ultimum, <lb/>qui infimæ fo&longs;&longs;æ latentis longitudinem demon&longs;trat: & qua parte eum attin <lb/>git, ea uerè iudicans &longs;ignum hæreditarium in &longs;axo incidit.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>De re Metallica Libri V. FINIS.</s></p><pb pagenum="107"/><p type="head"> <s>GEORGII AGRICO­<lb/>LAE DE RE METALLICA <lb/>LIBER SEXTVS.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Dixi de uenarum fo&longs;sionibus, de <expan abbr="puteorũ">puteorum</expan> &longs;tructu­<lb/>ris, de <expan abbr="cuniculorũ">cuniculorum</expan>, <expan abbr="fo&longs;sarũ">fo&longs;sarum</expan> latentium, <expan abbr="cauernarũ">cauernarum</expan> &longs;ub <lb/>&longs;tructionibus, de arte men&longs;oris: nunc dicam primò <lb/>de ferramentis, quibus uenæ &longs;axaque <expan abbr="excindũtur">excinduntur</expan>: de <lb/>inde de ua&longs;is in quæ conijciuntur glebæ <expan abbr="terrarũ">terrarum</expan>, &longs;a <lb/>xorum, <expan abbr="metallorũ">metallorum</expan>, aliarumque <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> <expan abbr="fo&longs;siliũ">fo&longs;silium</expan>, ut uel ex <lb/>trahi uel euehi uel efferri po&longs;sint: atque etiam de ua­<lb/>&longs;is aquarijs & canalibus: tum de diuer&longs;i generis ma <lb/>chinis: po&longs;tremò de malis <expan abbr="metallicorũ">metallicorum</expan>, quæ omnia <lb/>dum <expan abbr="de&longs;crib&etilde;tur">de&longs;cribentur</expan> accuratius, <expan abbr="iterũ">iterum</expan> multæ laborandi rationes <expan abbr="explicabũtur">explicabuntur</expan>. </s> <s><lb/>Ferramenta <expan abbr="aũt">aunt</expan> &longs;unt ea, quæ proprio nomine inetallici &longs;ic appellant, cunei <lb/>præterea, laminæ, bracteæ, mallei, bacilla, conti, ligones, uerricula, batilla. </s> <s><lb/>Sed eorum, quæ proprio nomine <expan abbr="ferram&etilde;ta">ferramenta</expan> &longs;unt, quatuor exi&longs;tunt formæ, <lb/>quæ ferè non figura, &longs;ed longitudine uel cra&longs;situdine inter &longs;e differunt: ete­<lb/>nim <expan abbr="omniũ">omnium</expan> pars &longs;umma e&longs;t lata & <expan abbr="quadrãgula">quadrangula</expan>, ut malleo percuti po&longs;sit: ima <lb/>in <expan abbr="mucron&etilde;">mucronem</expan> de&longs;init, ut <expan abbr="&longs;axorũ">&longs;axorum</expan> & <expan abbr="uenarũ">uenarum</expan> duriciam acie diffindat: omnia quo <lb/>que præter <expan abbr="quartũ">quartum</expan> &longs;unt perforata. </s> <s>Primùm quidem, quo fo&longs;&longs;ores quotidie <lb/>utuntur, longum e&longs;t dodrantem: latum, &longs;e&longs;quidigitum: cra&longs;&longs;um, digitum. </s> <s>In <lb/>&longs;ecundo e&longs;t eadem quæ in primo latitudo, itemque cra&longs;situdo, &longs;ed <expan abbr="longũ">longum</expan> e&longs;t <lb/>duos dodrantes, quo fo&longs;&longs;ores duri&longs;simas qua&longs;que uenas &longs;ic findunt, ut rimis <lb/>fati&longs;cant. </s> <s>Tertium eandem quam &longs;ecundum <expan abbr="longitudin&etilde;">longitudinem</expan> a&longs;&longs;umit, <expan abbr="uerũ">uerum</expan> pau­<lb/>lò latius & cra&longs;sius e&longs;t: quo fodiunt &longs;olum eorum puteorum, qui paulatim <lb/>colligunt aquas. </s> <s>Quartum ferè longum e&longs;t palmos tres & digitum unum: <lb/>cra&longs;&longs;um, digitos duos: &longs;uprema parte <expan abbr="latũ">latum</expan> digitos tres, media palmum, ima, <lb/>ut cætera cu&longs;pidatum. </s> <s>Hoc uenas duriores <expan abbr="excindũt">excindunt</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Verũ">Verum</expan> primi ferramen <lb/>ti foramen à &longs;umma parte di&longs;tat palmum: &longs;ecundi & tertij, digitos &longs;eptem. </s> <s><lb/>Quodque uerò circa foramen hinc illincque extuberat, in id indunt manubri­<lb/>um ligneum: quod altera manu tenent, cùm ferramentum, ad &longs;axa applica­<lb/>tum, malleo feriunt. </s> <s>Hæc ferramenta maiora uel minora, prout res hoc po­<lb/>&longs;tulat, fabricari &longs;olent. </s> <s>Omnia retu&longs;a fabri ferrarij rur&longs;us, quoad fieri pote&longs;t, <lb/>acuunt. </s> <s>At cuneus plerunque longus e&longs;t palmos tres & digitos duos: latus, <lb/>digitos &longs;ex: &longs;umma parte ad palmi altitudinem cra&longs;&longs;us digitos tres, deinde <lb/>paulatim tenuior, ut ima fiat acutus. </s> <s>Sed lamina alta & lata e&longs;t digitos &longs;ex: <lb/>&longs;umma parte cra&longs;&longs;a digitos duos, ima &longs;e&longs;quidigitum. </s> <s>In bractea uerò e&longs;t ea­<lb/>dem, quæ in lamina altitudo & latitudo, &longs;ed admodum tenuis e&longs;t. </s> <s>His omni <lb/>bus, ut proximo libro explicaui, utuntur cum uenas duri&longs;simas excindunt. </s> <s><lb/>Atque etiam cunei, laminæ, bracteæ modo maiores, modo minores &longs;olent <lb/>confici.</s></p><pb pagenum="108"/><p type="caption"> <s>F<emph type="italics"/>erramentum primum<emph.end type="italics"/> A. S<emph type="italics"/>ecundum<emph.end type="italics"/> B. T<emph type="italics"/>ertium<emph.end type="italics"/> C. <lb/>Q<emph type="italics"/>uartum.<emph.end type="italics"/></s><s> D. C<emph type="italics"/>uneus<emph.end type="italics"/> E. L<emph type="italics"/>amina<emph.end type="italics"/> F. B<emph type="italics"/>ractea<emph.end type="italics"/> G. <lb/>M<emph type="italics"/>anubrium ligneum<emph.end type="italics"/> H. M<emph type="italics"/>anubrium in primo ferra/ <lb/>mento inclu&longs;um<emph.end type="italics"/> I.</s></p><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Mallei quoque duplices &longs;unt: minores, <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> manubria fo&longs;&longs;ores una ma­<lb/>nu tenent: maiores, quorum utraque: in illis, quod ad magnitudinem et u&longs;um <lb/>pertinet triplex e&longs;t differentia: minimo, tanquam leui&longs;simo, percutiunt &longs;e­<lb/>cundum <expan abbr="ferramentũ">ferramentum</expan>: medio, primum: maximo, tertium: atque is latus & cra&longs;­<lb/>&longs;us e&longs;t digitos duos. </s> <s>In maioribus uerò bipartita e&longs;t uarietas: paruis <expan abbr="quartũ">quartum</expan> <lb/>ferramentum feriunt, magnis cuneos in fi&longs;&longs;uras impingunt: illi lati & cra&longs;si <lb/>&longs;unt tres digitos, hi quinque, & longi pedem. </s> <s>Omnes autem media parte, in <lb/>qua e&longs;t foramen manubrij capax, extuberant: &longs;ed maioribus manubria &longs;unt <lb/>imbecilliora, ut operarij mallei pondere inclinatiore uehementius ferire <lb/>po&longs;sint.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>M<emph type="italics"/>alleorum minorum<emph.end type="italics"/> M<emph type="italics"/>inimus<emph.end type="italics"/> A. M<emph type="italics"/>edius<emph.end type="italics"/> B. <lb/>M<emph type="italics"/>aximus<emph.end type="italics"/> C. M<emph type="italics"/>alleorum maiorum<emph.end type="italics"/> P<emph type="italics"/>aruus<emph.end type="italics"/> D. <lb/>M<emph type="italics"/>agnus<emph.end type="italics"/> E. M<emph type="italics"/>anubrium ligneum<emph.end type="italics"/> F. <lb/>M<emph type="italics"/>anubrium in minimo malleo inclu&longs;um<emph.end type="italics"/> G.</s></p><pb pagenum="109"/><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Bacillum ferreum item duplex e&longs;t: utrumque ima parte acutum, &longs;ed <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> <lb/>teres, quo puteum, aqua plenum, cùm ad eum pertinet cuniculus, <expan abbr="perforãt">perforant</expan>: <lb/>alterum <expan abbr="latũ">latum</expan>, quo de cauernis in &longs;olum deijciunt &longs;axa ignis ui mollita, quæ <lb/>conto detrudi non po&longs;&longs;unt. </s> <s>E&longs;t autem contus metallicorum, ut nautarum, <lb/>pertica oblonga in capite ferrum habens.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>B<emph type="italics"/>acillum teres<emph.end type="italics"/> A. B<emph type="italics"/>acillum latum<emph.end type="italics"/> B. C<emph type="italics"/>ontus<emph.end type="italics"/> C.</s></p><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Sed ligo metallicus differt à ru&longs;tico: nam hic ima parte latus etacutus e&longs;t: <pb pagenum="110"/>ille cu&longs;pidatus: eo cauatur uena non dura, qualis e&longs;&longs;e &longs;olet terrena. </s> <s>Similiter <lb/>rutrum & batillum nihil di&longs;tant à uulgaribus. </s> <s>Altero conuerrunt terras & <lb/>glareas, altera ea&longs;dem inijciunt in ua&longs;a.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>L<emph type="italics"/>igo<emph.end type="italics"/> A. R<emph type="italics"/>utrum<emph.end type="italics"/> B. B<emph type="italics"/>atillum<emph.end type="italics"/> C.</s></p><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Terræ <expan abbr="aũt">aunt</expan> & &longs;axa & res metallicæ aliæque fo&longs;siles ligone cauatæ uel ferra­<lb/>mentis exci&longs;æ in ua&longs;is aut corbibus aut &longs;accis è puteis <expan abbr="extrahũtur">extrahuntur</expan>: ci&longs;ijs uel <lb/>cap&longs;is <expan abbr="pat&etilde;tibus">patentibus</expan> <gap/><expan abbr="uehũtur">uehuntur</expan> è cuniculis: ex utri&longs;que alueis efferuntur. </s> <s>Va&longs;a &longs;unt <lb/>duplicia: quæ non materia, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> figura differunt, &longs;ed magnitudine: minora fe­<lb/>rè <expan abbr="tantũ">tantum</expan> <expan abbr="capiũt">capiunt</expan>, quantum metreta: maiora <expan abbr="plerũque">plerunque</expan> &longs;extuplo &longs;unt capaciora: <lb/>neutris enim certa e&longs;t capacitas, &longs;ed &longs;æpius uaria. </s> <s>Vtraque conficiuntur ex a&longs;­<lb/>&longs;eribus & duobus circulis ferreis, <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> altero &longs;uperius, altero inferius uin­<lb/>ciuntur: nam colurni & querni a&longs;&longs;erib. </s> <s><expan abbr="puteorũ">puteorum</expan> illi&longs;i facile rumpuntur, ferrei <lb/>durant. </s> <s>Maiorib. </s> <s>ut a&longs;&longs;eres &longs;unt cra&longs;siores & latio. </s> <s>es, ita <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> circuli utri&longs;que, <lb/>ut plus firmitatis & roboris habeant, octona bacilla ferrea &longs;unt, aliquantum <lb/>lata: quorum quaterna ex &longs;uperiori circulo deor&longs;um <expan abbr="procedũt">procedunt</expan>: quaterna eis <lb/>qua&longs;i obuia ex inferiori &longs;ur&longs;um: <expan abbr="utrorũque">utrorunque</expan> <expan abbr="fundũ">fundum</expan> tam interius quàm extrin&longs;e <lb/>cus duobus uel tribus bacillis <expan abbr="it&etilde;">item</expan> ferreis, & ex una inferioris circuli parte ad <lb/><expan abbr="alterã">alteram</expan> <expan abbr="pertin&etilde;tibus">pertinentibus</expan>, munitur. </s> <s>Sed <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> quæ extra &longs;unt, <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> ad id affigitur <lb/>tran&longs;uer&longs;um: utraque <expan abbr="hab&etilde;t">habent</expan> binas ferreas an&longs;as, quæ &longs;uperius extant atque emi <lb/>nent: utraque <expan abbr="&longs;emicirculũ">&longs;emicirculum</expan> ferreum, cuius inferior pars inclu&longs;a in an&longs;is recta e&longs;t <lb/>ut expeditius moueri po&longs;sit: utraque multo altiora quàm latiora &longs;unt, <expan abbr="utri&longs;que&longs;u&mtilde;a">utri&longs;que<lb/>&longs;umna</expan> pars e&longs;t latior ut res effo&longs;&longs;æ facilius in ea infundi & rur&longs;us ex eis effun <lb/>di po&longs;sint. </s> <s>In minora fermè pueri, in maiora uiri terras è &longs;olo putei trahunt <lb/>rutro, reliquas res fo&longs;siles batillo in ea inijciunt, uel manibus ingerunt: ex <lb/>qua re inge&longs;tores &longs;unt nominati: mox &longs;emicirculo ferreo funis ductarij <expan abbr="un-cũ">un­<lb/>cum</expan> <expan abbr="implicãt">implicant</expan>: <expan abbr="tũ">tum</expan> machinis <expan abbr="extrahũtur">extrahuntur</expan>: minora <expan abbr="quid&etilde;">quidem</expan>, quod ip&longs;is leuius onus <pb pagenum="111"/>&longs;it <expan abbr="impo&longs;itũ">impo&longs;itum</expan>, ea quam uer&longs;ant homines: maiora, quod grauius, ea quam equi <lb/>circumagunt. </s> <s>Quidam uerò in ua&longs;orum locum <expan abbr="&longs;ub&longs;tituũt">&longs;ub&longs;tituunt</expan> corbes, quæ tan­<lb/>tundem capiant, aut, quod leuiores quàm ua&longs;a &longs;int, etiam plus. </s> <s>Quidam &longs;ac <lb/>cis, ex taurinis tergoribus factis, pro ua&longs;is utuntur: quorum &longs;emicirculos fer <lb/>reos unco <expan abbr="preh&etilde;dit">prehendit</expan> funis ductarius: eorum plerunque tres rebus effo&longs;sis ple­<lb/>ni &longs;imul extrahuntur, tres demittuntur, tres à pueris implentur: hi Snebergi <lb/>u&longs;itati &longs;unt, illæ Fribergi.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>V<emph type="italics"/>as minus<emph.end type="italics"/> A. V<emph type="italics"/>as maius<emph.end type="italics"/> B. A<emph type="italics"/>&longs;&longs;eres<emph.end type="italics"/> C. C<emph type="italics"/>irculi ferrei<emph.end type="italics"/> D. B<emph type="italics"/>acilla ferrea<emph.end type="italics"/> E. B<emph type="italics"/>acilla ferrea fun­<lb/>di<emph.end type="italics"/> F. A<emph type="italics"/>n&longs;æ<emph.end type="italics"/> G. S<emph type="italics"/>e<gap/>icirculus ferreus<emph.end type="italics"/> H. V<emph type="italics"/>ucus funis ductarij<emph.end type="italics"/> I. C<emph type="italics"/>orbis<emph.end type="italics"/> K. S<emph type="italics"/>acci<emph.end type="italics"/> L.</s></p><figure></figure><pb pagenum="112"/><p type="main"> <s>Quod <expan abbr="aũt">aunt</expan> nunc <expan abbr="ci&longs;iũ">ci&longs;ium</expan> appellamus uehiculum e&longs;t unam habens rotam <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb/>duas, utid quod equi trahunt: ip&longs;um rebus fo&longs;silibus refertum ex cuniculis <lb/>uel ca&longs;is ab operario euehitur: &longs;ed hoc modo formatur. </s> <s>A&longs;&longs;eres duo longi <lb/>circiter quinque pedes, alti <expan abbr="unũ">unum</expan>, lati duos digitos eliguntur: <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> partes pri­<lb/>mæ futuræ ad unius pedis <expan abbr="longitudin&etilde;">longitudinem</expan>, po&longs;tremæ ad duum <expan abbr="pedũ">pedum</expan> inferius <lb/><expan abbr="excindũtur">excinduntur</expan>, mediæ <expan abbr="reman&etilde;t">remanent</expan> integræ. </s> <s>Deinde primæ excauantur, ut in <expan abbr="earũ">earum</expan> <lb/>foraminibus circularibus axiculi capita circumagi po&longs;sint. </s> <s>Mediæ uerò bis <lb/>perforantur & prope <expan abbr="imũ">imum</expan>, ut capitula <expan abbr="duarũ">duarum</expan> <expan abbr="trabecularũ">trabecularum</expan>, in quas imponun <lb/>tur a&longs;&longs;eres, recipiant: & in medio, ut capitula <expan abbr="duorũ">duorum</expan> a&longs;&longs;erum tran&longs;uer&longs;ario­<lb/>rum: atque claui, in his capitibus foras eminentibus infixi, totam firmant com <lb/>pagem. </s> <s>Ex po&longs;tremis a&longs;&longs;erum longorum partibus fiunt manubria: <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> <lb/>capitula inferius &longs;unt reflexa, ut firmius manibus teneri po&longs;sint. </s> <s>Sed rotula, <lb/>quia unica, neque modiolum habet, neque circum axiculum uer&longs;atur, <expan abbr="uerũ">uerum</expan> cum <lb/>ip&longs;o circumuertitur: à curuaturis enim, quas <foreign lang="greek">a)/yidas</foreign> Græci uocant, duo ra­<lb/>dij tran&longs;uer&longs;arij, in eas inclu&longs;i, per medium axiculum penetrant in oppo&longs;itas <lb/>curuaturas. </s> <s>Axiculus <expan abbr="aũt">aunt</expan> quadrangulus e&longs;t, exceptis capitibus, quorum u­<lb/>trumque teres ut in foramine uolui po&longs;sit: hoc ci&longs;ium terris & &longs;axis <expan abbr="plenũ">plenum</expan> o­<lb/>perarius euehit, inane reuehit. </s> <s>E&longs;t præterea metallicis <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> <expan abbr="ci&longs;iũ">ci&longs;ium</expan> hoc gran­<lb/>dius, quo hi, qui terram, cum lapillis nigris permi&longs;tam, lauant, riuis in eam <lb/>deductis, utuntur. </s> <s>Eius <expan abbr="aut&etilde;">autem</expan> prior a&longs;&longs;er tran&longs;uer&longs;arius altior e&longs;t, ut terra in­<lb/>ge&longs;ta non decidat.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>C<emph type="italics"/>i&longs;ium minus<emph.end type="italics"/> A. A<emph type="italics"/>&longs;&longs;eres eius longi<emph.end type="italics"/> B. A<emph type="italics"/>&longs;&longs;eres tran&longs;uer&longs;arij<emph.end type="italics"/> C. <lb/>R<emph type="italics"/>otula<emph.end type="italics"/> D. C<emph type="italics"/>i&longs;ium grandius<emph.end type="italics"/> E. E<emph type="italics"/>ius prior a&longs;&longs;er tran&longs;uer&longs;arius<emph.end type="italics"/> F.</s></p><figure></figure><pb pagenum="113"/><p type="main"> <s>Cap&longs;a <expan abbr="aũt">aunt</expan> patens dimidio capacior e&longs;t quàm <expan abbr="ci&longs;iũ">ci&longs;ium</expan>: longa ferè pedes qua­<lb/>tuor, lata & alta circiter pedes duos & dimidium: &longs;ed quia ei figura e&longs;t qua­<lb/>drangula, tribus laminis <expan abbr="quadrãgulis">quadrangulis</expan> uincitur ferreis: & præter eos undique<lb/>bacillis ferreis munitur: ad ip&longs;ius fundum duo axiculi ferrei &longs;unt affixi, <expan abbr="circũ">circum</expan> <lb/>quorum capitula utrinque orbiculi lignei uer&longs;antur: qui, ne ex axiculis immo <lb/>bilibus decidant, paruis clauis ferreis cauetur: ut magno illo obtu&longs;o ad <expan abbr="id&etilde;">idem</expan> <lb/><expan abbr="fundũ">fundum</expan> affixo, ne à trita uia, hoc e&longs;t cauo trabium aberrent. </s> <s>Eam cap&longs;am ue­<lb/>ctor ip&longs;ius partem po&longs;teriorem manibus tenens & protrudens euehit onu­<lb/>&longs;tam rebus fo&longs;silibus, uacuam reuchit. </s> <s>Quoniam uerò cùm mouetur, <expan abbr="&longs;onũ">&longs;onum</expan> <lb/>efficit, qui nonnullis ui&longs;us canum latratui &longs;imilis, canem uocarunt. </s> <s>Hac ca­<lb/>p&longs;a utuntur &longs;i quando ex longi&longs;simis cuniculis onera euehunt, & quòd mo<lb/>ueatur facilius, & quòd grauius onus ip&longs;i po&longs;sit imponi.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>C<emph type="italics"/>ap&longs;æ quadranguli ferrei<emph.end type="italics"/> A. E<emph type="italics"/>ius bacilla ferrea<emph.end type="italics"/> B. A<emph type="italics"/>xiculus <lb/>ferreus<emph.end type="italics"/> C. O<emph type="italics"/>rbiculi lignei<emph.end type="italics"/> D. P<emph type="italics"/>arui claui ferrei<emph.end type="italics"/> E. <lb/>M<emph type="italics"/>agnus clauus ferreus obtu&longs;us<emph.end type="italics"/> F. C<emph type="italics"/>ap&longs;a eadem inuer&longs;a<emph.end type="italics"/> G.</s></p><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Sed alueos cauant ex &longs;ingulis arborum truncis: quorum minores longi <lb/>&longs;unt plerumque duos pedes, lati unum: hos metallo refertos, præ&longs;ertim cùm <lb/>multum non effoditur, è puteis & cuniculis uel humeris egerunt, uel funicu <lb/>lis, ex collis pendentibus, deuinctos efferunt. </s> <s>Veteres quicquid effo&longs;&longs;um e­<lb/>rat humeris ege&longs;si&longs;&longs;e Plinius autor e&longs;t. </s> <s>Verùm ea ratio <expan abbr="onerũ">onerum</expan> exportan do­<lb/>rum quia plures homines magnis laboribus defatigat, & multa pecunia in <lb/>operas erogatur, &longs;preta à no&longs;tris & repudiata. </s> <s>Maiorum autem <expan abbr="alueorũ">alueorum</expan> lon <lb/>gitudo e&longs;t ad tres pedes, latitudo palmipe dalis: in quibus terras metallicas <pb pagenum="114"/>experimenti poti&longs;simùm gratia lauant.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>A<emph type="italics"/>lueus minor<emph.end type="italics"/> A. F<emph type="italics"/>uniculus<emph.end type="italics"/> B. A<emph type="italics"/>lueus maior<emph.end type="italics"/> C.</s></p><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>At aquaria ua&longs;a differunt u&longs;u, quem habent, & materia, ex qua forman­<lb/>tur. </s> <s>Nam <expan abbr="quibu&longs;dã">quibu&longs;dam</expan> aqua è puteis hau&longs;ta infunditur in alia, ut &longs;itulis: quæ­<lb/>dam aquarum plena machinis extrahuntur, ut moduli et bulgæ. </s> <s>Alia &longs;unt li <lb/>gnea, &longs;icuti &longs;itulæ & moduli: alia &longs;cortea, ueluti bulgæ. </s> <s>Moduli <expan abbr="aut&etilde;">autem</expan> aqua­<lb/>rij æque ac ua&longs;a, in quæ res aridæ ingeruntur, duplices &longs;unt, minores & ma­<lb/>iores: &longs;ed hi moduli di&longs;tant à ua&longs;is &longs;umma parte, quam <expan abbr="hab&etilde;t">habent</expan> angu&longs;tiorem: <lb/>& quidem iccirco ne, cùm ex puteis, maximè multum deuexis, trahuntur & <lb/>illiduntur a&longs;&longs;eribus, aquæ effundantur. </s> <s>In hos modulos aquas &longs;itulis infun­<lb/>dunt, quæ &longs;unt lignea ua&longs;cula, non ut moduli in &longs;ummo angu&longs;ta, neque uin­<lb/>cta circulis ferreis, &longs;ed colurnis, quod neutrum nece&longs;sitas flagitet: atque<lb/>hic etiam moduli minores extrahuntur ea machina, quam <lb/>uer&longs;ant homines: maiores ea quam equi <lb/>circumagunt.</s></p><pb pagenum="115"/><p type="caption"> <s>M<emph type="italics"/>odulus minor<emph.end type="italics"/> A. M<emph type="italics"/>odulus maior<emph.end type="italics"/> B. S<emph type="italics"/>itula<emph.end type="italics"/> C.</s></p><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Sed bulgas no&longs;tri nominant maximos illos utres aquarios, qui con&longs;tant <lb/>ex taurinis tergoribus duobus, uel duobus & dimidio: ex his bulgis tritis <lb/>& u&longs;itatis primò excidunt pili, atque glabræ & candidæ fiunt. </s> <s>Po&longs;t id tempo <lb/>ris rumpuntur. </s> <s>Quod &longs;i parum, in partem <expan abbr="ruptã">ruptam</expan> bacilli teretis & &longs;triati par­<lb/>ticula immittitur, ac in ip&longs;ius &longs;trias bulga rupta undique illigata &longs;uitur: &longs;in <lb/>multum, eam re&longs;arciunt particula tergoris taurini. </s> <s>Bulgæ autem unco cate­<lb/>næ ductariæ implicatæ & demi&longs;&longs;æ mer&longs;antur in aquis, & quàm primum <lb/>eas hau&longs;erint machina maxima extrahuntur: duplices uerò &longs;unt: al­<lb/>teræ per &longs;e hauriunt aquas: in alteras batillo ligneo agi­<lb/>tatæ quodammodo infunduntur.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>B<emph type="italics"/>ulga per &longs;e hauriens aquas<emph.end type="italics"/> A. B<emph type="italics"/>ulga in quam <lb/>aquæ pala agitatæ infunduntur<emph.end type="italics"/> B.</s></p><pb pagenum="116"/><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Aquas autem, ex puteis extractas, excipiunt canales, uel infundibula, per <lb/>quæ tran&longs;mittuntur in canales: &longs;imiliter aquæ è lateribus cuniculorum efflu <lb/>entes in canales deriuantur. </s> <s>Hi <expan abbr="cõ&longs;tant">con&longs;tant</expan> ex binis trabibus excauatis, & arctè <lb/>coniunctis ut aquas profluentes po&longs;sint continere: ex ore cuniculi u&longs;que ad <lb/>extremam eius partem pertinent a&longs;&longs;eribus contecti, ne terra uel <expan abbr="&longs;axũ">&longs;axum</expan> in eos <lb/>incidens <expan abbr="aquarũ">aquarum</expan> cur&longs;um impediat. </s> <s>Quòd &longs;i multus limus paulatim in ip&longs;is <lb/>&longs;ub&longs;ederit a&longs;&longs;eribus &longs;ublatis purgantur, ne, quod etiam tunc eis accidit, ob­<lb/>&longs;truantur & obturentur. </s> <s>Quos autem canales metallici extra terram infun­<lb/>dibulis quæ &longs;unt ad ca&longs;as puteorum, &longs;ubijciunt, eos plerunque cauant <lb/>ex &longs;ingulis arboribus. </s> <s>Infundibula uerò ferè conficiuntur <lb/>ex quatuor a&longs;&longs;eribus &longs;ic inferius exci&longs;is & con <lb/>iunctis, ut &longs;umma infundibulorum <lb/>pars fiat latior, angu­<lb/>&longs;tiorima.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>C<emph type="italics"/>analis<emph.end type="italics"/> A. I<emph type="italics"/>nfundibulum<emph.end type="italics"/> B.</s></p><pb pagenum="117"/><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Quæ &longs;int ferramenta <expan abbr="metallicorũ">metallicorum</expan>, quæ ua&longs;a &longs;atis o&longs;tendi: nunc machinas <lb/><expan abbr="exponã">exponam</expan>, hæ triplices &longs;unt, tractoriæ &longs;cilicet, &longs;piritales, &longs;can&longs;oriæ. </s> <s>Tractorijs <lb/>onera ex puteis <expan abbr="extrahũtur">extrahuntur</expan>. </s> <s>Spiritales aerem <expan abbr="conceptũ">conceptum</expan> ex ore &longs;uo inflant in <lb/>cuniculos uel puteos: quod ni fiatin <expan abbr="nõnullis">nonnullis</expan> fo&longs;&longs;ores laborare &longs;ine magna <lb/>&longs;pirandi difficultate non po&longs;&longs;unt. </s> <s>Scan&longs;oriæ &longs;unt &longs;calæ <expan abbr="quarũ">quarum</expan> gradibus me <lb/>tallici de&longs;cendunt in puteos: & ex eis rur&longs;us a&longs;cendunt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Tractoriarũ">Tractoriarum</expan> uariæ <lb/>& diuer&longs;æ &longs;unt formæ: & quædam ex ip&longs;is multùm artificio&longs;æ: &, ni&longs;i ego <lb/>fallor, ueteribus incognitæ: quæ iccirco inuentæ &longs;unt, ut & aquæ trahi po&longs;­<lb/>&longs;int ex terræ profundo, ad quod nulli cuniculi <expan abbr="pertin&etilde;t">pertinent</expan>: & res fo&longs;siles ex pu <lb/>teis, quos item nulli <expan abbr="cõtingunt">contingunt</expan> cuniculi, uel longi&longs;simi. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quoniã">Quoniam</expan> uerò puteo <lb/>rum non <expan abbr="ead&etilde;">eadem</expan> e&longs;t altitudo, in i&longs;tius generis machinis magna uarietas exi&longs;tit. <lb/></s> <s>&longs;ed <expan abbr="earũ">earum</expan>, quibus onera &longs;icca ex puteis <expan abbr="extrahũtur">extrahuntur</expan>, formæ quinque <expan abbr="poti&longs;simũ">poti&longs;simum</expan> <lb/>&longs;unt u&longs;itatæ, <expan abbr="quarũ">quarum</expan> prima &longs;ic <expan abbr="cõficitur">conficitur</expan>. </s> <s>Tigna duo, quàm puteus paulo lon­<lb/>giora, collocantur: <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> in fronte putei, <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> in tergo. </s> <s>Eorum partes ex­<lb/>tremæ habent foramina, in quæ pali, ad imum cuneatiores, immi&longs;si altius in <lb/>terram adiguntur ut maneant immobilia. </s> <s>Habent præterea formas, in qui­<lb/>bus inclu&longs;a &longs;unt capita duorum tignorum <expan abbr="trã&longs;uer&longs;ariorum">tran&longs;uer&longs;ariorum</expan>: quorum unum <lb/>dextrum putei latus occupat: alterum tantum abe&longs;t à &longs;ini&longs;tro, ut inter ip&longs;a <lb/>locus &longs;it aptus ad &longs;calas affingendas: in horum tignorum tran&longs;ucr&longs;ariorum <lb/>formis, quæ in media eorum &longs;unt parte, &longs;tipites uel a&longs;&longs;eres cra&longs;si infiguntur <lb/>& configuntur clauis ferreis: in quorum &longs;tipitum uel a&longs;&longs;erum caua cra&longs;sis la <lb/>minis ferrata conijciuntur &longs;uculæ capita: utrumque autem caput, ex &longs;tipitis <lb/>aut a&longs;&longs;eris cauo foras <expan abbr="emin&etilde;s">eminens</expan>, e&longs;t inclu&longs;um in forma alterius capitis ligni lon <lb/>gi <expan abbr="&longs;e&longs;quiped&etilde;">&longs;e&longs;quipedem</expan>, lati <expan abbr="palmũ">palmum</expan>, cra&longs;si tres digitos: &longs;ed <expan abbr="utrũque">utrunque</expan> eius caput <expan abbr="latũ">latum</expan> e&longs;t di­<lb/>gitos <expan abbr="&longs;ept&etilde;">&longs;eptem</expan>: in <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> uerò inclu&longs;us e&longs;t uectis, teres item longus <expan abbr="&longs;e&longs;quiped&etilde;">&longs;e&longs;quipedem</expan>. <pb pagenum="118"/>circa uerò &longs;uculam funis ductarius inuoluitur, & eius media pars ad ip&longs;am <lb/>religatur: at utraque eiu&longs;dem an&longs;a habet <expan abbr="uncũ">uncum</expan> ferreum, qui ua&longs;is &longs;emicirculo <lb/>implicatur: itaque uectibus coacta &longs;ucula dum uoluitur &longs;emper alterum uas <lb/>onere plenum ex puteo extrahitur in eundem demittitur uacuum. </s> <s>Cogunt <lb/>autem &longs;uculam uiri duo robu&longs;ti, uterque prope &longs;e <expan abbr="ci&longs;iũ">ci&longs;ium</expan> habens, in quod, cùm <lb/>uas ei propius fuerit extractum, exoneret. </s> <s>Duo uerò ua&longs;a plerunque <expan abbr="impl&etilde;t">implent</expan> <lb/>ci&longs;ium. </s> <s>Quare ubi quatuor extracta fuerint uterque &longs;uum ci&longs;ium ex ca&longs;a eue­<lb/>hit et euertit: ita fit, ut &longs;i putei fodiantur profundi, collis a&longs;&longs;urgat circa machi <lb/>næ ca&longs;am. </s> <s>Quod &longs;i uena <expan abbr="metallorũ">metallorum</expan> fœcunda non fuerit, terras &longs;axaque di&longs;cri­<lb/>mine remoto profundunt: &longs;i fœcunda, &longs;eor&longs;im exonerata &longs;eruant, tundunt, <lb/>lauant. </s> <s>At cùm ua&longs;a aquaria extrahunt, ea euertentes aquam per infundibu­<lb/>la tran&longs;mittunt in canalem, per quem effluit.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>T<emph type="italics"/>ignum in fronte putei collocatum<emph.end type="italics"/> A. T<emph type="italics"/>ignum in tergo putei collocatum<emph.end type="italics"/> B. <lb/>P<emph type="italics"/>ali cuneati<emph.end type="italics"/> C. T<emph type="italics"/>igna tran&longs;uer&longs;aria<emph.end type="italics"/> D. S<emph type="italics"/>tipites uel a&longs;&longs;eres cra&longs;si<emph.end type="italics"/> E. <lb/>L<emph type="italics"/>amina ferrea<emph.end type="italics"/> F. S<emph type="italics"/>ucula<emph.end type="italics"/> G. E<emph type="italics"/>ius capita<emph.end type="italics"/> H. L<emph type="italics"/>ignum<emph.end type="italics"/> I. V<emph type="italics"/>ectis<emph.end type="italics"/> K. <lb/>F<emph type="italics"/>unis ductarius<emph.end type="italics"/> L. E<emph type="italics"/>ius uncus<emph.end type="italics"/> M. V<emph type="italics"/>as<emph.end type="italics"/> N. E<emph type="italics"/>ius &longs;emicirculus<emph.end type="italics"/> O.</s></p><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Altera machina, qua metallici, cùm putei &longs;unt altiores, utuntur, à prima <lb/>differt rota, quam præter uectes habet: eam, &longs;i pondus altè non extrahitur, <lb/>unus uectiarius uer&longs;at, rota in alterius locum &longs;uccedente: &longs;in altius, tres, rota <lb/>in quarti locum &longs;ub&longs;tituta. </s> <s>Etenim &longs;ucula &longs;emel mota rotæ uolubilitate iu­<pb pagenum="119"/>uatur, ut multo facilius circumagi po&longs;sit: ad quam rotam aliquot interdum <lb/>ma&longs;&longs;ulæ plumbeæ appenduntur, uel in a&longs;&longs;erculis, ad eam affixis, includun­<lb/>tur, ut cùm uer&longs;atur pondere depre&longs;&longs;a ad motum propen&longs;ior fiat. </s> <s>Quidam <lb/>eadem de cau&longs;a duo uel tria uel quatuor bacilla ferrea includunt in &longs;ucula, <lb/>eorumque capita ma&longs;&longs;ulis plumbeis aggrauant: &longs;ed i&longs;ta rota differt à rota cur <lb/>rus, & ea, quam fluminis impetus uer&longs;at. </s> <s>Etenim caret pinnis, quæ rotæ, <lb/>quam uertit flumen, &longs;unt: caret modiolo, qui e&longs;t currus rotæ. </s> <s>Eius autem lo <lb/>co habet &longs;uculam cra&longs;&longs;am: in cuius formis inferiorum radiorum capita &longs;unt <lb/>inclu&longs;a, ut &longs;uperiora in curuaturarum formis: cùm tres uectiarij hanc machi <lb/>nam torquent in orbem, tunc ad alterum &longs;uculæ caput quatuor uectes re­<lb/>cti &longs;unt, in eo inclu&longs;i: ad alterum unicus ille in metallis u&longs;itatus, qui è duo­<lb/>bus membris con&longs;tat: quorum teres, quod <expan abbr="&longs;tratũ">&longs;tratum</expan> eminet, manibus prehen­<lb/>ditur: quadrangulum, quod rectà a&longs;&longs;urgit, duas habet formas, in inferiore <lb/>membrum teres includitur, in &longs;uperiore &longs;uculæ caput. </s> <s>Hunc uectem unus <lb/>circumagit, illos duo: quorum alter eos trahit, alter trudit. </s> <s>Omnes uerò ue­<lb/>ctiarios, quamcunque <expan abbr="machinã">machinam</expan> uer&longs;ant, uiros e&longs;&longs;e robu&longs;tos nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t, ut tam <lb/>magnum laborem &longs;u&longs;tinere po&longs;sint.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>S<emph type="italics"/>ucula<emph.end type="italics"/> A. V<emph type="italics"/>ectes recti<emph.end type="italics"/> B. V<emph type="italics"/>ectis u&longs;itatus<emph.end type="italics"/> C. <lb/>R<emph type="italics"/>otæ radij<emph.end type="italics"/> D. E<emph type="italics"/>iu&longs;dem curuaturæ<emph.end type="italics"/> E.</s></p><figure></figure><pb pagenum="120"/><p type="main"> <s>Tertia machina minus fatigat operarios, cùm onera maiora &longs;ubleuet. </s> <s>Et­<lb/>&longs;i uerò tardius, ut omnes aliæ machinæ, quibus tympana &longs;unt, tamen altius: <lb/>nempe ad pedes centum & octoginta: quæ &longs;ic &longs;e habet axis &longs;tatuti codaces <lb/>ferrei uer&longs;antur in duobus catillis ferreis: <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> inferior e&longs;t inclu&longs;us in trun <lb/>co in terra locato, &longs;uperior in trabe: axis ille inferiore parte habet orbem, ex <lb/>cra&longs;sis a&longs;&longs;eribus coagmentatis & compactis factum: &longs;uperiore tympanum <lb/>dentatum: id axis &longs;trati tympanum quod ex fu&longs;is con&longs;tat, circumagit: circa <lb/>hunc axem, cuius codaces uer&longs;antur item in ferreis tignorum catillis, ducta­<lb/>rius funus e&longs;t inuolutus: operarij duo manibus quidem, ne cadant, prehen­<lb/>dentes & tenentes perticam, ad duo tigna &longs;tatuta affixam, pedibus uerò ta­<lb/>bellas retrò trudentes machinam circumagunt: quoties autem uas unum, re <lb/>bus effo&longs;sis plenum, extraxerunt & &longs;ubuerterunt, toties contrariè <expan abbr="machinã">machinam</expan> <lb/>uer&longs;antes alterum extrahunt.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>A<emph type="italics"/>xis &longs;tatutus<emph.end type="italics"/> A. T<emph type="italics"/>runcus<emph.end type="italics"/> B. T<emph type="italics"/>rabs<emph.end type="italics"/> C. O<emph type="italics"/>rbis<emph.end type="italics"/> D. T<emph type="italics"/>ympanum <lb/>dentatum<emph.end type="italics"/> E. A<emph type="italics"/>xis &longs;tratus<emph.end type="italics"/> F. T<emph type="italics"/>ympanum quod ex fu&longs;is constat<emph.end type="italics"/> G. <lb/>F<emph type="italics"/>unis ductarius<emph.end type="italics"/> H. P<emph type="italics"/>ertica<emph.end type="italics"/> I. T<emph type="italics"/>igna &longs;tatuta<emph.end type="italics"/> K. O<emph type="italics"/>rbis tabellæ<emph.end type="italics"/> L.</s></p><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Quarta machina &longs;ubleuat onera &longs;e&longs;cuplo maiora quàm duæ machinæ <lb/>primò explicatæ: quæ ita fit. </s> <s>Tigna ad &longs;edecim, longa pedes quadraginta, <pb pagenum="121"/>cra&longs;&longs;a & lata pedem, fibulis in &longs;ummo coniuncta, in imo diuaricata erigun­<lb/>tur: eorum &longs;ingulorum inferiora capita in &longs;ingulorum <expan abbr="tignorũ">tignorum</expan> in &longs;olo &longs;tra­<lb/>torum formis <expan abbr="includũtur">includuntur</expan>: tigna, quæ humi iacent, longa &longs;unt pedes quinque, <lb/>lata &longs;e&longs;quipedem, cra&longs;&longs;a pedem. </s> <s>Quodque autem tignum erectum cum tigno <lb/>humi &longs;trato connectitur tertio quodam tigno obliquè de&longs;cendente: cuius <lb/>caput &longs;uperius includitur in forma tigni erecti: inferius in forma tigni humi <lb/>iacentis. </s> <s>Eiu&longs;modi uerò tignum longum e&longs;t pedes quatuor, cra&longs;&longs;um & <expan abbr="latũ">latum</expan> <lb/>pedem: quomodo fit area rotunda, cuius linea dimetiens habet ad quinqua <lb/>ginta pedes: in eius areæ medio crater altus ad decem pedes foditur, & fi&longs;tu <lb/>ca &longs;pi&longs;&longs;atur, aut, ut &longs;atis habeat firmitatis, contiguis tigillis, per quæ <expan abbr="penetrãt">penetrant</expan> <lb/>pali, &longs;tabilitur: eorum enim coniunctione terra crateris continetur ut deci­<lb/>dere non po&longs;sit. </s> <s>In imo crateris <expan abbr="tignũ">tignum</expan> &longs;ternitur longum pedes tres uel qua­<lb/>tuor, cra&longs;&longs;um & latum &longs;e&longs;quipedem: id, ut immobile maneat, in tigillis conti <lb/>guis e&longs;t inclu&longs;um. </s> <s>In eius medio ferreus e&longs;t catillus, acie temperatus, in quo <lb/>ferreus axis codax uer&longs;atur: &longs;imili modo tignum, quod in &longs;ummo &longs;ub fibula <lb/>in formis duorum tignorum erectorum e&longs;t inclu&longs;um, habet catillum <expan abbr="ferreũ">ferreum</expan> <lb/>in quo alter ip&longs;ius axis codax ferreus uoluitur: nam qui&longs;que axis metallicus, <lb/>ut quæque &longs;emel, &longs;i res ita ferat, dicam, duos ferreos habet codaces, tanquam <lb/>clauos, in medio capitum, ad circinum rotundatorum, infixos: eorum pars, <lb/>quæ in axis caput in figitur tam lata e&longs;t quàm ip&longs;um caput, & cra&longs;&longs;a <expan abbr="digitũ">digitum</expan>: <lb/>quæ extat teres & cra&longs;&longs;a palmum, aut cra&longs;sior, &longs;i res hoc po&longs;tulat. </s> <s>Capita eti <lb/>am cuiu&longs;que axis metallici circulo ferreo cinguntur & uinciuntur, ut eò firmi <lb/>us codaces continere po&longs;sint. </s> <s>Axis <expan abbr="aut&etilde;">autem</expan> huius machinæ, exceptis capitibus, <lb/>quadrangulus e&longs;t & longus pedes quadraginta, cra&longs;&longs;us & latus &longs;e&longs;quipe­<lb/>dem: in cuius axis formis quæ &longs;unt &longs;upra caput inferius, quatuor tignorum <lb/>obliquè a&longs;cendentium capita inclu&longs;a fibulantur: eorundem capita &longs;uperio­<lb/>ra &longs;u&longs;tinent duo tigna tran&longs;uer&longs;aria duplicata, item in eorum formis in clu&longs;a. </s> <s><lb/>Tigna uerò obliquè a&longs;cendentia &longs;unt longa pedes decem & octo, cra&longs;&longs;a pal <lb/>mos tres, lata quinque. </s> <s>At tran&longs;uer&longs;aria duplicata &longs;ic ad axem affixa &longs;unt & in <lb/>ter &longs;e clauis ligneis coniuncta, ut non &longs;eparentur: ea autem longa &longs;unt pedes <lb/>quatuor & uiginti. </s> <s>Deinde <expan abbr="tympanũ">tympanum</expan> e&longs;t, quod con&longs;tat ex tribus rotis: qua­<lb/>rum media tam à &longs;uprema quàm ab infima di&longs;tat pedibus &longs;eptem. </s> <s>Eis qua­<lb/>tuor &longs;unt radij, quos totidem tigilla obliquè a&longs;cendentia &longs;u&longs;tinent: quorum <lb/>capita inferiora circum axem fibula coniunguntur: &longs;ingulorum <expan abbr="aũt">aunt</expan> <expan abbr="radiorũ">radiorum</expan> <lb/>alterum caput in forma axis, alterum in forma curuaturæ inclu&longs;um e&longs;t. </s> <s>Ex <lb/>curuaturis infimæ rotæ ad curuaturas mediæ undique <expan abbr="pertin&etilde;t">pertinent</expan> fu&longs;i: &longs;imiliter <lb/>ex curuaturis mediæ ad curuaturas &longs;upremæ: quibus fu&longs;is duo ductarij fu­<lb/>nes inuoluuntur: alter inter infimam rotam & mediam, alter inter <expan abbr="mediã">mediam</expan> & <lb/>&longs;upremam. </s> <s>Hoc ædificium, in metæ figuram, excepta ea parte quandrangu <lb/>la quæ &longs;pectat ad puteum formatum, totum &longs;candulis contegitur. </s> <s>Tum du­<lb/>plicis ordinis &longs;unt tigna tran&longs;uer&longs;aria utrinque &longs;tatutis inclu&longs;a: utraque longa <lb/>&longs;unt pedes decem & octo: &longs;ed &longs;tatuta cra&longs;&longs;a & lata pedem, tran&longs;uer&longs;aria tres <lb/>palmos. </s> <s>Statuta numero &longs;unt &longs;edecim, tran&longs;uer&longs;aria octo, &longs;uper quæ collo­<lb/>cantur duæ trabes latæ pedem, cra&longs;&longs;æ tres palmos, excauatæ ad &longs;emipedis <lb/>latitudinem, ad quinque digitorum altitudinem: & altera quidem locatur &longs;u­<pb pagenum="122"/>per &longs;uperiora tigna tran&longs;uer&longs;aria, altera &longs;uper inferiora: utraque tam longa <lb/>e&longs;t, ut ferè ex machinæ tympano u&longs;que ad puteum pertineat. </s> <s>Vtrique propei­<lb/>dem tympanum axiculus ligneus e&longs;t teres & cra&longs;&longs;us digitos &longs;ex, cuius capi­<lb/>tula, lamellis ferrata, uer&longs;antur in armillis ferreis: utrique &longs;unt orbiculi lignei, <lb/>qui unà cum axiculis &longs;uis ferreis uoluuntur in earundem trabium foramini­<lb/>bus: atque hi orbiculi <expan abbr="circũcirca">circuncirca</expan> &longs;unt excauati, ut funis ductarius ex ip&longs;is exci­<lb/>dere non po&longs;sit: itaque uterque funis per &longs;uum axiculum &longs;uo&longs;que orbiculos ex­<lb/>ten&longs;us uer&longs;atur: utriu&longs;que uncus ferreus ua&longs;is &longs;emicirculo inijcitur: utrique præ <lb/>terea capiti alterius inferioris tigni duplicati, quod e&longs;t in axe inclu&longs;um, e&longs;t ti <lb/>gillum longum pedes quatuor: id qua&longs;i ex duplicato pendet: cui inferius ti <lb/>gnum curtum e&longs;t inclu&longs;um, in quo auriga &longs;edet: quodque ferreum habet cla­<lb/>uum, qui recipit catenam, atque ea rur&longs;us &longs;tateram. </s> <s>Quo modo fieri pote&longs;t ut <lb/>duo equi hanc machinam modo hac, modo illac trahant: ui ci&longs;simque uas alte <lb/>rum onere plenum ex puteo extrahatur, alterum uacuum in eundem demit <lb/>tatur. </s> <s>Si uerò puteus fuerit profundus, quatuor equi machinam circuma­<lb/>gunt. </s> <s>Va&longs;i autem extracto, &longs;iue &longs;iccæ &longs;iue humidæ res effundendæ fue <lb/>rint, operarius harpagonem inijcit, ip&longs;umque &longs;ubuertit: <lb/>is ex catena, cui tres uel quatuor annuli &longs;unt, <lb/>ad trabem affixa, dependet.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>T<emph type="italics"/>igna erecta<emph.end type="italics"/> A. T<emph type="italics"/>igna humi &longs;trata<emph.end type="italics"/> B. T<emph type="italics"/>igna oblique de­<lb/>&longs;cendentia<emph.end type="italics"/> C. A<emph type="italics"/>rea<emph.end type="italics"/> D. T<emph type="italics"/>ignum in imo crateris &longs;tra­<lb/>tum<emph.end type="italics"/> E. A<emph type="italics"/>xis<emph.end type="italics"/> F. T<emph type="italics"/>igna tran&longs;uer&longs;aria duplicata<emph.end type="italics"/> G. <lb/>T<emph type="italics"/>ympanum<emph.end type="italics"/> H. D<emph type="italics"/>uctarij funes<emph.end type="italics"/> I. V<emph type="italics"/>as<emph.end type="italics"/> K. T<emph type="italics"/>igillum ex <lb/>duplicato pendens<emph.end type="italics"/> L. T<emph type="italics"/>ignum curtum<emph.end type="italics"/> M. <lb/>C<emph type="italics"/>atena<emph.end type="italics"/> N. S<emph type="italics"/>tatera<emph.end type="italics"/> O. H<emph type="italics"/>arpago<emph.end type="italics"/> P.</s></p><pb pagenum="123"/><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Quinta &longs;imilis e&longs;t partim machinæ maximæ, partim tertiæ, quæ ab equis <lb/>uer&longs;ata pilis aquas haurit: quarum utranque paulò pò&longs;t exponam. </s> <s>Etenim &longs;i­<pb pagenum="124"/>cuti tertia & ab equis uer&longs;atur, & duos habet axes: &longs;tatutum &longs;cilicet, circum <lb/>quem, in terræ cauernam penetrantem, &longs;imiliter inferius e&longs;t tympanum den <lb/>tatum: atque &longs;tratum, circum quem tympanum quod ex fu&longs;is con&longs;tat. </s> <s>Vt ue­<lb/>rò machina maxima duo habet tympana circum axem &longs;tratum, pror&longs;us illi­<lb/>us tympanis &longs;imilia, &longs;ed minora, quod ua&longs;a ex puteo <expan abbr="duc&etilde;tos">ducentos</expan> & quadragin­<lb/>ta tantummodo pedes alto trahere po&longs;sit: quorum alterum ex orbibus, ad <lb/>quos affixa &longs;unt tigna compo&longs;itum e&longs;t: alterum, quod exi&longs;tit prope tympa­<lb/>num quod ex fu&longs;is con&longs;tat, altum e&longs;t <gap/>undique circum axem pedes duos, cra&longs;­<lb/>&longs;um unum: huic harpago impingitur: qui ip&longs;um <expan abbr="retin&etilde;s">retinens</expan> machinam, cùm res <lb/>id po&longs;tulauerit, &longs;i&longs;tit. </s> <s>Toties uerò po&longs;tulat, quoties uel &longs;acci è corio <expan abbr="&longs;axorũ">&longs;axorum</expan> <lb/>fragmentis aut terris pleni, extracti euertuntur, uel aquæ ex ua&longs;is, item extra <lb/>ctis effunduntur: nam hæc machina non onera modo &longs;icca leuat, &longs;ed etiam <lb/>humida, perinde ac aliæ quatuor machinæ iam nunc à me de&longs;criptæ: quine <lb/>tiam hac in puteum demittuntur tigna, ad eius catenam ductariam alligata. </s> <s><lb/>Sed harpago cra&longs;&longs;us pedem, longus &longs;emipedem extat è tigno, catena appen <lb/>&longs;o ex altero capite tigni, quod uer&longs;atur circum axiculum ferreum, quem <expan abbr="cõ-tinent">con­<lb/>tinent</expan> chelæ tigni &longs;tatuti. </s> <s>Ex altero uerò mobilis illius tigni capite <expan abbr="iterũ">iterum</expan> ca­<lb/>tena appen&longs;um e&longs;t tignum longum, & ex eo rur&longs;us catena alterum tignum <lb/>breue: cui, cùm machina &longs;i&longs;tenda fuerit, operarius in&longs;idet, atque &longs;ic ip&longs;um de­<lb/>primit. </s> <s>Mox ei inijcit a&longs;&longs;erem uel tigillum, quod &longs;ubter duo tigna pertinens <lb/>ab eis ne attolli po&longs;sit retinetur: quo modo harpago &longs;ubleuatus, tympa­<lb/>numque amplexus tam ualidè prehendit, ut &longs;æpe ex ip&longs;o &longs;cintillæ <expan abbr="exiliãt">exiliant</expan>. </s> <s>Ha­<lb/>bet autem tignum dependens, ad quod harpago e&longs;t affixus aliquot forami­<lb/>na, in quibus catena includitur, ut ip&longs;e quemadmodum conuenit &longs;ubleuari <lb/>po&longs;sit. </s> <s>Supra tympanum e&longs;t tabulatum, ne id aqua de&longs;tillans madefaciat. </s> <s><lb/>Nam &longs;i madefactum fuerit, harpago machinam minus retinebit. </s> <s>Iuxta uerò <lb/>alterum tympanum e&longs;t palus, ex quo dependet catena, in cuius annulo po­<lb/>&longs;tremo inclu&longs;us e&longs;t alter harpago, hoc e&longs;t uncinatum ferrum, <expan abbr="longũ">longum</expan> pedes <lb/>tres. </s> <s>Is annulo, ad fundum tam ua&longs;is quàm &longs;acci affixo, iniectus illud retinet <lb/>ut aqua effundi po&longs;sit, hunc ut &longs;axorum fragmenta euerti.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>T<emph type="italics"/>ympanum dentatum, quod est ad axem &longs;tatutum<emph.end type="italics"/> A. A<emph type="italics"/>xis &longs;tratus<emph.end type="italics"/> B. <lb/>T<emph type="italics"/>ympanum quod ex fu&longs;is con&longs;tat<emph.end type="italics"/> C. T<emph type="italics"/>ympanum prope id ip&longs;um<emph.end type="italics"/> D. <lb/>T<emph type="italics"/>ympanum quod ex orbibus con&longs;tat<emph.end type="italics"/> E. H<emph type="italics"/>arpago<emph.end type="italics"/> F. <lb/>T<emph type="italics"/>ignum mobile<emph.end type="italics"/> G. T<emph type="italics"/>ignum breue<emph.end type="italics"/> H. A<emph type="italics"/>lter harpago<emph.end type="italics"/> I.</s></p><pb pagenum="125"/><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Venas autem illis quinque machinis è puteis extractas uel è cuniculis eue­<lb/>ctas metallici de montibus aut deuehunt, aut detrahunt aut deijciunt. </s> <s>No­<pb pagenum="126"/>&longs;trates ip&longs;as in cap&longs;am, trahæ, quam equus trahit, <expan abbr="impo&longs;itã">impo&longs;itam</expan>, conijcientes hye <lb/>me de montibus, qui non admodum alti &longs;unt, deuehunt. </s> <s>Carni uerò ij&longs;dem <lb/>temporibus hybernis eas in &longs;accos, è corio factos, ingerunt: quorum duos <lb/>uel tres imponunt paruæ trahæ, quæ priore parte altior e&longs;t, po&longs;teriore hu­<lb/>milior: quibus &longs;accis animo&longs;us uector non &longs;ine uitæ periculo in&longs;idens <expan abbr="trahã">traham</expan> <lb/>de monte in uallem decurrentem bacillo, quod gerit in manu, regit. </s> <s>Eam e­<lb/>nim uel nimis celeriter decurrentem oppo&longs;ito &longs;i&longs;tit: uel aliò, quàm quo de­<lb/>bet, <expan abbr="deflect&etilde;tem">deflectentem</expan> eodem in uiam reducit. </s> <s>At Norici quidam hyeme ea&longs;dem <lb/>in &longs;accos, è &longs;eto&longs;is pellibus &longs;uillis <expan abbr="cõfectos">confectos</expan>, colligunt, & de alti&longs;simis monti­<lb/>bus, quos equi, muli, a&longs;ini <expan abbr="nequeũt">nequeunt</expan> &longs;candere, detrahunt. </s> <s>Eorum uerò &longs;accos <lb/>uacuos robu&longs;ti canes clitellarij, his rebus a&longs;&longs;uefacti, ferunt in montes: uena­<lb/>rum plenos & loris con&longs;trictos atque ad funem alligatos homo, eum in bra­<lb/>chium uel pectus <expan abbr="inuolu&etilde;s">inuoluens</expan>, per niues detrahit u&longs;que ad eum locum, in quem <lb/>equi, muli, a&longs;ini clitellarij a&longs;cendere po&longs;&longs;unt: ubi uenæ, è &longs;accis &longs;uillis erectæ, <lb/>inijciuntur in alios &longs;accos, è lineo panno bilice uel trilice factos: qui iumen­<lb/>torum clitellis impo&longs;iti deferuntur in officinas, in quibus uenæ uel lauan­<lb/>tur uei excoquuntur.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>T<emph type="italics"/>raha cui impo&longs;ita est cap&longs;a<emph.end type="italics"/> A. T<emph type="italics"/>raha cui impo&longs;iti &longs;unt &longs;acci<emph.end type="italics"/> B. B<emph type="italics"/>acillum<emph.end type="italics"/> C. <lb/>C<emph type="italics"/>anes clitellarij<emph.end type="italics"/> D. S<emph type="italics"/>acci &longs;uilli ad funem alligati<emph.end type="italics"/> E.</s></p><figure></figure><pb pagenum="127"/><p type="main"> <s>Si uerò equi, muli, a&longs;ini, clitellarij montes &longs;candere po&longs;&longs;unt, eorum clitel­<lb/>lis primò &longs;acci linei uenis repleti <expan abbr="imponũtur">imponuntur</expan>: quos angu&longs;tis montium uijs, <lb/>quæ nec plau&longs;tra nec trahas recipiunt, in ualles, rupibus altis & difficilibus <lb/>aditu &longs;ubiectas deferunt. </s> <s>At in rupibus, in quas iumenta &longs;candere non po&longs;­<lb/>&longs;unt, decliues collocantur longæ cap&longs;æ patentes ex a&longs;&longs;eribus factæ, & tabel <lb/>lis tran&longs;uer&longs;is, ne concidant, di&longs;tinctæ. </s> <s>In has uenæ ci&longs;ijs, quibus unica e&longs;t ro <lb/>ta, aduectas conijciunt: easque in planiciem deuolutas, & uel in &longs;accos lineos <lb/>collectas iumenta clitellis deferunt, uel in trahas aut plau&longs;tra coniectas de­<lb/>uehunt. </s> <s>Cùm autem aurigæ uenas de arduis montium cliuis deuehunt bi­<lb/>rotis utuntur ci&longs;ijs, quæ à tergo trahunt duos arborum truncos in <expan abbr="terrã">terram</expan> de­<lb/>mi&longs;&longs;os: hi &longs;ua grauitate renitentes pronum grauium ci&longs;iorum, quæ in cap&longs;is <lb/>uenas continent, decur&longs;um impediunt: qui ni e&longs;&longs;ent aurigæ &longs;æpius catenas <lb/>rotis implicare cogerentur. </s> <s>Sed cùm ijdem aurigæ uenas de montibus, qui <lb/>carent i&longs;tiu&longs;modi cliuis, deuehunt, plau&longs;tris, quorum cap&longs;æ duplo &longs;unt lon <lb/>giores quàm ci&longs;iorum, utuntur: utrarumque a&longs;&longs;eres ita coagmentati &longs;unt, ut <lb/>cùm uenæ rur&longs;us ab aurigis de plau&longs;tris excutiendæ &longs;unt, leuari & di&longs;&longs;olui <lb/>po&longs;sint. </s> <s>Nam eos tantummodo repagula coercent. </s> <s>Aurigæ uerò uenarum <lb/>plau&longs;tra triginta uel &longs;exaginta de dominis conducunt deuehenda: quorum <lb/>&longs;ingulorum numerum præ&longs;es officinæ in bacillo &longs;ignat. </s> <s>Sed quædam ue­<lb/>næ, poti&longs;simum <expan abbr="aut&etilde;">autem</expan> plumbi candidi, è fodinis extractæ in octo partes uel <lb/>nouem, &longs;i domini fodinæ dominis cuniculi dant nonas, di&longs;tribui &longs;olent: id <lb/>rarius fit modulis, &longs;æpius cap&longs;is: quæ ex tignis contiguis, & qua ad cauum <lb/>conuertuntur planis, &longs;unt confectæ. </s> <s>Dominus uerò qui&longs;que eam par­<lb/>tem, qnæ ei &longs;ortitò obtigit, auehendam, lauandam, <lb/>excoquendam curat.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>E<emph type="italics"/>qui clitellarij<emph.end type="italics"/> A. C<emph type="italics"/>ap&longs;a longa in rupe decliuis locata<emph.end type="italics"/> B. <lb/>E<emph type="italics"/>ius tabellæ<emph.end type="italics"/> C. C<emph type="italics"/>i&longs;ium cui unica est rota<emph.end type="italics"/> D. C<emph type="italics"/>i&longs;ium birotum<emph.end type="italics"/> E. <lb/>T<emph type="italics"/>runci arborum<emph.end type="italics"/> F. P<emph type="italics"/>lau&longs;trum<emph.end type="italics"/> G. V<emph type="italics"/>ena de plau&longs;tro ex­<lb/>cutitur<emph.end type="italics"/> H. R<emph type="italics"/>epagula<emph.end type="italics"/> I. P<emph type="italics"/>ræ&longs;es officinæ plau&longs;trorum nu­<lb/>merum in bacillo &longs;ignans<emph.end type="italics"/> K. C<emph type="italics"/>ap&longs;æ in quas uenæ di&longs;tri­<lb/>buendæ inijciuntur<emph.end type="italics"/> L.</s></p><pb pagenum="128"/><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>In ua&longs;a, quæ quinque hæ machinæ <expan abbr="trahũt">trahunt</expan>, pueri uel uiri terras & <expan abbr="&longs;axorũ">&longs;axorum</expan> fra <lb/><expan abbr="gm&etilde;ta">gmenta</expan> batillis inijciunt, uel manibus <expan abbr="ead&etilde;">eadem</expan> ij&longs;dem ingerunt: unde inge&longs;tores <lb/>&longs;unt nominati: eædem uerò machinæ non &longs;icca modo, ut dixi, leuant onera, <pb pagenum="129"/>&longs;ed etiam humida &longs;iue aquas. </s> <s>Verùm priu&longs;quam exponam uaria & diuer&longs;a <lb/>genera machinarum, quibus metallici aquas &longs;olum exantlare &longs;olent, dicam <lb/>quo modo res graues, quod genus &longs;unt axes, catenæ ferreæ, fi&longs;tulæ, ligna <lb/>grandia in puteos rectos & profundos <expan abbr="demitt&etilde;dæ">demittendæ</expan> &longs;unt. </s> <s>Machina erigitur, <lb/>cuius &longs;ucula, utrinque quatuor uectes rectos habens, in tignis &longs;tatutis includi <lb/>tur, et circa eam ductarius inuoluitur funis, eiu&longs;que caput alterum ad eandem <lb/>affigitur, alterum alligatur ad res illas graues: quæ rectà &longs;en&longs;im operarijs re­<lb/>nitentibus demittuntur: atque, &longs;i in aliqua putei parte &longs;ub&longs;titerint, paululùm <lb/>retrahuntur. </s> <s>Cùm uerò eædem &longs;unt graui&longs;simæ, tunc <expan abbr="&longs;ecundũ">&longs;ecundum</expan> hanc machi­<lb/>nam altera ei pror&longs;us a&longs;similis erigitur, ut & oneri robore pares &longs;int, & idi­<lb/>p&longs;um &longs;en&longs;im demitti po&longs;sit: quinetiam interdum ij&longs;dem de cau&longs;is trochlea <lb/>funiculis ad trabem religatur: per cuius orbiculos ductarius funis traductus <lb/>de&longs;cendit & a&longs;cendit.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>S<emph type="italics"/>ucula<emph.end type="italics"/> A. V<emph type="italics"/>ectes recti<emph.end type="italics"/> B. T<emph type="italics"/>igna &longs;tatuta<emph.end type="italics"/> C. F<emph type="italics"/>unis<emph.end type="italics"/> D. T<emph type="italics"/>rochlea<emph.end type="italics"/> E. L<emph type="italics"/>igna demittenda<emph.end type="italics"/> F.</s></p><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Aquæ autem ex puteis aut <expan abbr="extrahũtur">extrahuntur</expan>, aut hauriuntur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Extrahũtur">Extrahuntur</expan> uerò <lb/>in ua&longs;a uel utres aquarios infu&longs;æ: hos <expan abbr="poti&longs;simũ">poti&longs;simum</expan> trahit machina, cuius rota <lb/>duplices habet pinnas: illa quinque machinæ <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> explicatæ: quanque quarta in <lb/><expan abbr="quibu&longs;dã">quibu&longs;dam</expan> locis <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> utres mediocres trahit: at <expan abbr="hauriũtur">hauriuntur</expan> &longs;itulis uel orbiculis, <lb/>quib. </s> <s>foramina &longs;unt, uel pilis. </s> <s>Cùm <expan abbr="aũt">aunt</expan> paucæ &longs;unt, aut <expan abbr="extrahũtur">extrahuntur</expan> in ua&longs;is: <pb pagenum="130"/>aut <expan abbr="hauriũtur">hauriuntur</expan> &longs;itulis uel orbiculis: cùm multæ, uel <expan abbr="extrahũtur">extrahuntur</expan> in utribus, uel <lb/><expan abbr="hauriũtur">hauriuntur</expan> pilis. </s> <s>Sed primò machinas &longs;itulis aquas exantlantes in <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> pro <lb/><expan abbr="ferã">feram</expan>, <expan abbr="quarũ">quarum</expan> tres &longs;unt &longs;pecies: prima &longs;ic &longs;e habet. </s> <s><expan abbr="Loculamentũ">Loculamentum</expan> <expan abbr="quadrangulũ">quadrangulum</expan> <lb/><expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> con&longs;tat ex cancellis ferreis, <expan abbr="altũ">altum</expan> pedes duos et <expan abbr="dimidiũ">dimidium</expan>: <expan abbr="longũ">longum</expan> <expan abbr="it&etilde;">item</expan> pedes <lb/>duos & <expan abbr="dimidiũ">dimidium</expan>, ac in&longs;uper &longs;extantem & <expan abbr="quartã">quartam</expan> digiti <expan abbr="part&etilde;">partem</expan>: <expan abbr="latũ">latum</expan> quadran­<lb/>tem & <expan abbr="&longs;emũciã">&longs;emunciam</expan>: in quo &longs;unt tres axiculi ferrei &longs;trati, qui in catillis uel latis cir <lb/>culis ferreis acie temperatis uer&longs;antur: atque quatuor ferrea tympana: <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> <lb/>duo ex fu&longs;is con&longs;tant, <expan abbr="totid&etilde;">totidem</expan> &longs;unt dentata. </s> <s><expan abbr="Circũ">Circum</expan> <expan abbr="axiculũ">axiculum</expan> <expan abbr="infimũ">infimum</expan> extra locula <lb/>mentum e&longs;t rotula lignea, ut propen&longs;ior ad <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> fiat: intra <expan abbr="loculamentũ">loculamentum</expan> mi <lb/>nus prioris generis <expan abbr="tympanũ">tympanum</expan>, quod ex octo fu&longs;is, <expan abbr="&longs;extant&etilde;">&longs;extantem</expan> & <expan abbr="&longs;emunciã">&longs;emunciam</expan> lon­<lb/>gis, con&longs;tat: <expan abbr="circũ">circum</expan> <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> <expan abbr="axiculũ">axiculum</expan> è loculamento <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eminentem, ac iccirco tan <lb/><expan abbr="tũmodo">tummodo</expan> <expan abbr="longũ">longum</expan> pedes duos & <expan abbr="dimidiũ">dimidium</expan>, <expan abbr="unciã">unciam</expan>, atque <expan abbr="tertiã">tertiam</expan> digiti <expan abbr="part&etilde;">partem</expan>, e&longs;t alte <lb/>ra parte minus <expan abbr="tympanũ">tympanum</expan> <expan abbr="dentatũ">dentatum</expan>, quod habet octo & quadraginta dentes: <lb/>altera maius prioris generis <expan abbr="tympanũ">tympanum</expan>, quod ex duodecim fu&longs;is, <expan abbr="quadrant&etilde;">quadrantem</expan> <lb/>longis, con&longs;tat. </s> <s><expan abbr="Circũ">Circum</expan> <expan abbr="aũt">aunt</expan> <expan abbr="tertiũ">tertium</expan> <expan abbr="axiculũ">axiculum</expan>, cra&longs;&longs;um <expan abbr="unciã">unciam</expan> & tertiam eius <expan abbr="part&etilde;">partem</expan>, <lb/>e&longs;t maius <expan abbr="tympanũ">tympanum</expan> <expan abbr="dentatũ">dentatum</expan> ex eo undique pedem a&longs;&longs;urgens: quod habet du­<lb/>os et &longs;eptuaginta dentes: utriu&longs;que uerò tympani dentibus &longs;unt cochieæ: qua <lb/><expan abbr="rũ">rum</expan> &longs;triges in <expan abbr="tympanorũ">tympanorum</expan> &longs;trias aguntur, & contra <expan abbr="carũ">carum</expan> &longs;triæ in <expan abbr="eorund&etilde;">eorundem</expan> &longs;tri­<lb/>ges, ut in <expan abbr="fractorũ">fractorum</expan> locum alij reponi po&longs;sint. </s> <s>Tam <expan abbr="aũt">aunt</expan> dentes quàm fu&longs;i &longs;unt <lb/>acie temperati: at &longs;upremus axiculus ex <expan abbr="loculam&etilde;to">loculamento</expan> extans ita artificio&longs;è e&longs;t <lb/>inclu&longs;us in forma alterius axiculi, ut unus e&longs;&longs;e uideatur: is per <expan abbr="receptaculũ">receptaculum</expan>, <lb/>ex tignis <expan abbr="cõpo&longs;itum">compo&longs;itum</expan>, quod e&longs;t <expan abbr="circũ">circum</expan> <expan abbr="puteũ">puteum</expan> penetrans, in unci ferrei, in cra&longs;&longs;o <lb/>trunco querno inclu&longs;i, orbiculo, ex mera ferri acie facto, uer&longs;atur: <expan abbr="circũ">circum</expan> eum <lb/><expan abbr="axiculũ">axiculum</expan> e&longs;t tale <expan abbr="tympanũ">tympanum</expan>, quale <expan abbr="hab&etilde;t">habent</expan> machinæ pilis aquas haurientes: cui &longs;i <lb/>militer &longs;unt fibulæ ter curuatæ: quib. </s> <s>quia ferreæ catenæ ductariæ annuli in <lb/>hærent, tam <expan abbr="magnũ">magnum</expan> onus cam retrahere <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> pote&longs;t: qui annuli <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> &longs;icuti cæte <lb/><expan abbr="rarũ">rarum</expan> <expan abbr="catenarũ">catenarum</expan> annuli &longs;unt integri, &longs;ed qui&longs;que &longs;uperiore parte utrinque curua­<lb/>tus <expan abbr="&longs;equent&etilde;">&longs;equentem</expan> recipit: quo circa duplicis catenæ &longs;peciem gerit: qua uerò alter <lb/><expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> recipit, &longs;itulæ, ex laminis ferreis uel æreis factæ, &longs;emicongiales ad eos <lb/>loris alligantur: quare &longs;i annuli fuerint <expan abbr="centũ">centum</expan>, <expan abbr="totid&etilde;">totidem</expan> erunt &longs;itulæ aquas effe­<lb/>rentes: <expan abbr="earũ">earum</expan> <expan abbr="aũt">aunt</expan> ora extant, & operculis tecta &longs;unt, ne aquas effundant cùm <lb/>putei fuerint decliues. </s> <s>Nam cùm recti fuerint, &longs;itulæ operculis nece&longs;&longs;e non <lb/>habent. </s> <s>Itaque uectiarius infimi axiculi caput in uectis forma includens eum <lb/>&longs;imul cum tympano uer&longs;at: cuius fu&longs;i <expan abbr="cõuertunt">conuertunt</expan> alterius axiculi tympanum <lb/><expan abbr="dentatũ">dentatum</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quoniã">Quoniam</expan> uerò una cum ip&longs;o circumagunt id, quod ex fu&longs;is con&longs;tat, <lb/>hi rur&longs;us &longs;upremi axiculi <expan abbr="tympanũ">tympanum</expan> <expan abbr="dentatũ">dentatum</expan> uer&longs;ant atque alterum, cui fibulæ <lb/>&longs;unt infixæ: quomodo catena &longs;imul cum uacuis &longs;itulis demittitur iuxta ue­<lb/>næ <expan abbr="fundamentũ">fundamentum</expan> per <expan abbr="annulũ">annulum</expan> <expan abbr="paululũ">paululum</expan> <expan abbr="cõpre&longs;&longs;um">compre&longs;&longs;um</expan> in <expan abbr="lacunã">lacunam</expan> u&longs;que ad <expan abbr="imũ">imum</expan> libra­<lb/>mentum: cuius tympani axiculus ferreus utrinque in cra&longs;si ferri catillo uer&longs;a­<lb/>tur: in quo tympano catena inuoluta &longs;itulis aquas haurit: quas plenas iuxta <lb/>uenæ <expan abbr="tectũ">tectum</expan> extracta peruehit &longs;uper axiculi &longs;upremi <expan abbr="tympanũ">tympanum</expan>, ac &longs;emper tres <lb/>&longs;imul inuer&longs;as <expan abbr="aquã">aquam</expan> effundere cogit in <expan abbr="labrũ">labrum</expan> ex quo effluit in cuniculi cana­<lb/>lem. </s> <s>Veruntamen talis machina minus e&longs;t utilis, quòd, cùm &longs;ine magno im­<lb/>pendio con&longs;trui non po&longs;sit, paucas aquas efferat: & quidem tardius, ut eti­<lb/>am cæteræ machinæ quibus plura &longs;unt tympana.</s></p><pb pagenum="131"/><p type="caption"> <s>L<emph type="italics"/>oculamentum<emph.end type="italics"/> A. A<emph type="italics"/>xiculus infimus<emph.end type="italics"/> B. R<emph type="italics"/>otula<emph.end type="italics"/> C. T<emph type="italics"/>ympanum quod ex fu&longs;is <lb/>con&longs;tat minus<emph.end type="italics"/> D. A<emph type="italics"/>xiculus alter<emph.end type="italics"/> E. T<emph type="italics"/>ympanum dentatum minus<emph.end type="italics"/> F. T<emph type="italics"/>ympanum <lb/>quod ex fu&longs;is constat maius<emph.end type="italics"/> G. A<emph type="italics"/>xiculus &longs;upremus<emph.end type="italics"/> H. T<emph type="italics"/>ympanum dentatum maius<emph.end type="italics"/> I. <lb/>C<emph type="italics"/>atillus<emph.end type="italics"/> K. C<emph type="italics"/>irculus latus<emph.end type="italics"/> L. R<emph type="italics"/>eceptaculum<emph.end type="italics"/> M. T<emph type="italics"/>runcus quernus<emph.end type="italics"/> N. V<emph type="italics"/>ncus <lb/>ferreus<emph.end type="italics"/> O. O<emph type="italics"/>rbiculus<emph.end type="italics"/> P. T<emph type="italics"/>ympanum &longs;uperius<emph.end type="italics"/> <expan abbr="q.">que</expan> F<emph type="italics"/>ibulæ<emph.end type="italics"/> R. C<emph type="italics"/>atena<emph.end type="italics"/> S. <lb/>A<emph type="italics"/>nnuli<emph.end type="italics"/> T. S<emph type="italics"/>itulæ<emph.end type="italics"/> V. V<emph type="italics"/>ectis<emph.end type="italics"/> X. L<emph type="italics"/>ibramentum &longs;iut tympanum inferius<emph.end type="italics"/> Y.</s></p><figure></figure><pb pagenum="132"/><p type="main"> <s>Altera i&longs;tius generis machina, paucis uerbis à Vitruuio de&longs;cripta, congi <lb/>ales &longs;itulas citius effert. </s> <s>Atque propterea ad aquas ex puteis, in quos multæ <lb/>continenter influunt, hauriendas utilior e&longs;t quàm prima: ea ferreo locula­<lb/>mento tympani&longs;que carens habet circum axem ligneum rotam, quæ à calcan <lb/>tibus uer&longs;atur. </s> <s>Axis <expan abbr="aut&etilde;">autem</expan> diu, quòd careat tympano, durare non pote&longs;t: cæ­<lb/>teris primæ &longs;imilis e&longs;t, ni&longs;i quod duplicem habeat catenam ab illa diuer&longs;am. </s> <s><lb/>Fibulas autem in huius machinæ axem, ut in aliarum <expan abbr="tympanũ">tympanum</expan> infigere de­<lb/>bet, quos alij &longs;implices, alij ter curuatas <expan abbr="efficiũt">efficiunt</expan>, &longs;ed utri&longs;que quatuor cu&longs;pides</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>R<emph type="italics"/>ota quæ a calcantibus uer&longs;atur<emph.end type="italics"/> A. A<emph type="italics"/>xis<emph.end type="italics"/> B. C<emph type="italics"/>atena duplex<emph.end type="italics"/> C. <lb/>A<emph type="italics"/>nnulus duplicis catenæ<emph.end type="italics"/> D. S<emph type="italics"/>itulæ<emph.end type="italics"/> E. F<emph type="italics"/>ibula &longs;implex<emph.end type="italics"/> F. <lb/>F<emph type="italics"/>ibula ter curuata<emph.end type="italics"/> G.</s></p><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Tertia, quæ longè præ&longs;tat duabus iam expo&longs;itis, fabricatur cùm riuus ad <lb/>fodinam deduci pote&longs;t: cuius impetus pinnas <expan abbr="percuti&etilde;s">percutiens</expan> circumagit rotam, <lb/>quam habet loco rotæ à calcantibus uer&longs;atæ: quod ad axem attinet, &longs;imilis <lb/>e&longs;t <expan abbr="&longs;ecũdæ">&longs;ecundæ</expan>: quod ad tympanum, quod e&longs;t <expan abbr="circũ">circum</expan> axem, catenam, <expan abbr="libramentũ">libramentum</expan> <lb/>primæ. </s> <s>Situlas uerò habet multò capaciores quàm etiam &longs;ecunda. </s> <s>Sed quia <lb/>&longs;itulæ citò frangi &longs;olent, metallici rarò his machinis utuntur: maluntque pau­<lb/>cas aquas quinque primis machinis extrahere uel &longs;iphonibus exantlare, mul <lb/>tas uel pilis per fi&longs;tulas haurire uel in utribus item extrahere.</s></p><pb pagenum="133"/><p type="caption"> <s>R<emph type="italics"/>ota cuius pinnas impetus riui percurrit<emph.end type="italics"/> A. A<emph type="italics"/>xis<emph.end type="italics"/> B. E<emph type="italics"/>ius tympanum <lb/>in quod fibulæ &longs;unt infixæ<emph.end type="italics"/> C. C<emph type="italics"/>atena<emph.end type="italics"/> D. A<emph type="italics"/>nnulus<emph.end type="italics"/> E. <lb/>S<emph type="italics"/>itulæ<emph.end type="italics"/> F. L<emph type="italics"/>ibramentum<emph.end type="italics"/> G.</s></p><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Verùm de primo machinarum genere &longs;atis: nunc alterum, hoc e&longs;t &longs;ipho­<lb/>nes aquam &longs;piritu tractam orbiculis haurientes exponam: quorum &longs;eptem <lb/>&longs;unt formæ: quæ licet &longs;tructura inter &longs;e differant, tamen <expan abbr="eund&etilde;">eundem</expan> utilitatis fru­<lb/>ctum metallicis præbent: <expan abbr="quãquam">quanquam</expan> alia alia maiorem. </s> <s>Primus &longs;ypho &longs;ic fit. </s> <s><lb/>Super lacunam &longs;tatuitur contignatio: ad quam fi&longs;tula una uel duæ, quarum <lb/>altera in altera inclu&longs;a e&longs;t, in lacunæ fundum immi&longs;&longs;æ fibulis ferreis cu&longs;pida <lb/>tis & utrinque directò deor&longs;um uer&longs;us actis affiguntur, ut immotæ mancant: <lb/>inferioris autem fi&longs;tulæ inferior pars inclu&longs;a e&longs;t in trunco, alto ad duos pe­<lb/>des: is fi&longs;tulæ in&longs;tar perforatus &longs;tat in fundo lacunæ: &longs;ed inferius eius fora­<lb/>men ligno tereti occluditur: idem truncus circum circa habet foramina, per <lb/>quæ aqua in ip&longs;um manat. </s> <s>In &longs;uperiore uerò eius parte excauata, &longs;i una fi&longs;tu <lb/>la fuerit, pyxis ferrea, uel ærea, uel orichalcea, palmum alta, &longs;ed fundo <expan abbr="car&etilde;s">carens</expan>, <lb/>includitur: quam foricula rotunda tam arctè claudit, ut aqua &longs;ur&longs;um &longs;piritu <lb/>ducta relabi non po&longs;sit: &longs;in duæ fi&longs;tulæ fuerint, qua coniunguntur pyxis in <lb/>inferiore in cluditur, &longs;uperioris apertura uel &longs;iphunculus ad cuniculi canales <lb/>pertingit. </s> <s>Itaque operarius impiger ad labores, in contignationis tabulato <pb pagenum="134"/>&longs;tans, pilum in fi&longs;tulam demi&longs;&longs;um intrudit ac retrahit: ad eius pili &longs;ummum <lb/>e&longs;t uectis: imum e&longs;t calceo indutum: &longs;ic uocatur corium turbinis ferè figura: <lb/>nam i&longs;to modo &longs;utum e&longs;t, ut inferiore parte, qua ad pilum, in ip&longs;o inclu&longs;um, <lb/>affigitur, angu&longs;tum &longs;it: &longs;uperiore, qua haurit aquam, pateat. </s> <s>Vel orbiculus <lb/>ferreus, digitum cra&longs;&longs;us, aut ligneus, &longs;ex digitos cra&longs;&longs;us, uterque longè calceo <lb/>præ&longs;tans, ad imum pili, quod per eam penetrat, clauo ferreo traiecto affixus <lb/>e&longs;t, aut in eadem, in cochleæ figuram formata, inclu&longs;us: qui orblculus &longs;uperi <lb/>us circumcirca corio tectus quinque aut &longs;ex foramina habet uel rotunda uel <lb/>longiu&longs;cula, quæ uniuer&longs;a &longs;tellæ &longs;peciem exprimere uidentur. </s> <s>Habet etiam <lb/>eandem, quam fi&longs;tulæ foramen, latitudinem, ut tantummodo in eam demit <lb/>ti & rur&longs;us attolli po&longs;sit. </s> <s>Cùm autem operarius pilum &longs;ur&longs;um uer&longs;us trahit, <lb/>aquam orbiculi foraminibus, cuius corium <expan abbr="tũc">tunc</expan> deprimit, hau&longs;tam, ducit ad <lb/>aperturam uel &longs;iphunculum per quem effluit: foricula uerò pyxidis aperi­<lb/>tur, ut aqua, quæ in truncum influxit, &longs;piritu ducta denuo a&longs;cendat in fi&longs;tu­<lb/>lam: cùm idem operarius pilum intrudit, foricula clauditur, ut orbiculus ite <lb/>rum aquam haurire po&longs;sit.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>L<emph type="italics"/>acuna<emph.end type="italics"/> A. F<emph type="italics"/>i&longs;tulæ<emph.end type="italics"/> B. C<emph type="italics"/>ontignatio<emph.end type="italics"/> C. T<emph type="italics"/>runcus<emph.end type="italics"/> D. <lb/>F<emph type="italics"/>oramina trunci<emph.end type="italics"/> E. F<emph type="italics"/>oricula<emph.end type="italics"/> F. S<emph type="italics"/>iphunculus<emph.end type="italics"/> G. P<emph type="italics"/>ilum<emph.end type="italics"/> H. <lb/>E<emph type="italics"/>ius uectis<emph.end type="italics"/> I. C<emph type="italics"/>alceus<emph.end type="italics"/> K. O<emph type="italics"/>rbiculus habens foramina <lb/>rotunda<emph.end type="italics"/> L. O<emph type="italics"/>rbiculus habens foramina longiu&longs;cula<emph.end type="italics"/> M. <lb/>C<emph type="italics"/>orium<emph.end type="italics"/> N. H<emph type="italics"/>ic terebrat &longs;tipites & ex eis fi&longs;tulas facit<emph.end type="italics"/> O. <lb/>T<emph type="italics"/>erebra, cui cochlea est<emph.end type="italics"/> P. T<emph type="italics"/>erebra latior<emph.end type="italics"/> <expan abbr="q.">que</expan></s></p><pb pagenum="135"/><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Alterius &longs;iphonis pilum facilius <expan abbr="cõmotum">commotum</expan> directo, deor&longs;um fertur, & &longs;ur <lb/>&longs;um refertur: qui &longs;ic fit. </s> <s>Tigna duo &longs;uper lacunam <expan abbr="collocãtur">collocantur</expan>: alterum prope <pb pagenum="136"/>dextrum eius latus, alterum propè &longs;ini&longs;trum. </s> <s>Ad hoc fi&longs;tulæ fibulis ferreis <lb/>affiguntur: ad illud uel &longs;tipes chelas habens perforatas, uel tignum &longs;uperius <lb/>excauatum, ut pro chelis &longs;it. </s> <s>Axiculus autem ferreus per tigni cuiu&longs;dam &longs;ta­<lb/>tuti latius & rotundum foramen, quod in eius medio e&longs;t, penetrans in chela <lb/>rum foraminibus &longs;ic includitur, ut ip&longs;e quidem maneat immobilis, tignum <lb/>uerò circa eum uer&longs;etur intra chelas: in cuius tigni altero capite &longs;uperius pi­<lb/>li caput e&longs;t inclu&longs;um, ferreoque clauo transfixum: in altero uectis item &longs;uperi­<lb/>us caput. </s> <s>Inferiori uerò manubrium e&longs;t ut eò firmius manibus teneri po&longs;&longs;it. </s> <s><lb/>Itaque cùm operarius uectem &longs;ur&longs;um trudit, pilum in fi&longs;tulam impellit: cùm <lb/>retrahit uectem, ex fi&longs;tula pilum extrahit: atque ita pilum iterum aquam, orbi <lb/>cuii foraminibus hau&longs;tam, ducit ad &longs;iphunculum, per quem effluit in cana­<lb/>lem. </s> <s>Hic autem &longs;ipho, ut etiam &longs;equens, quod ad pilum, orbiculum, <expan abbr="truncũ">truncum</expan>, <lb/>pyxidem, foriculam pertinet, eodem modo, quo primus, &longs;e habet.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>T<emph type="italics"/>ignum &longs;tatutum<emph.end type="italics"/> A. A<emph type="italics"/>xiculus<emph.end type="italics"/> B. T<emph type="italics"/>ignum quod circa axiculum <lb/>uer&longs;atur<emph.end type="italics"/> C. P<emph type="italics"/>ilum<emph.end type="italics"/> D. V<emph type="italics"/>ectis<emph.end type="italics"/> E. A<emph type="italics"/>nnulus, quo duæ fi&longs;tulæ <lb/>coniungi &longs;olent<emph.end type="italics"/> F.</s></p><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Tertius &longs;ipho iam dicti <expan abbr="nõnihil">nonnihil</expan> di&longs;&longs;imilis e&longs;t. </s> <s>Loco enim &longs;tipitis duo &longs;ta­<lb/>tuuntur tigna circa &longs;ummum perforata: in quibus foraminibus axis capita <pb pagenum="137"/>uertuntur. </s> <s>In medio eius axis duo tigilla &longs;unt inclu&longs;a: in quorum alterius ca­<lb/>pite infixum e&longs;t pilum: ad alterius uerò caput affixum e&longs;t tignum graue, &longs;ed <lb/>curtum, ut protru&longs;um inter duo illa tigna &longs;tatuta moueri, atque qua&longs;i ire & re <lb/>dire po&longs;&longs;it. </s> <s>Id tignum cùm protrudit operarius, pilum ex fi&longs;tula extrahitur: <lb/>cum &longs;ua ui redit, intruditur: quo modo aquam, quam fi&longs;tula concipit, pilum <lb/>orbiculi foraminibus hau&longs;tam exprimit per &longs;iphunculum in canalem. </s> <s>Sunt <lb/>qui uectem in locum tigni curti &longs;upponunt: uerùm hic &longs;ipho, ut etiam pro­<lb/>ximus &longs;uperior, minus quàm cæteri, in metallis e&longs;t u&longs;itatus.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>T<emph type="italics"/>igna &longs;tatuta<emph.end type="italics"/> A. A<emph type="italics"/>xis<emph.end type="italics"/> B. T<emph type="italics"/>igilla<emph.end type="italics"/> C. P<emph type="italics"/>ilum<emph.end type="italics"/> D. <lb/>T<emph type="italics"/>ignum curtum<emph.end type="italics"/> E. C<emph type="italics"/>analis<emph.end type="italics"/> F. H<emph type="italics"/>ic deducit aquam e <lb/>canali effluentem, ne in fo&longs;&longs;as actas influat<emph.end type="italics"/> G.</s></p><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Quarta &longs;iphonum &longs;pecies &longs;implex non e&longs;t, &longs;ed duplex: ea &longs;ic &longs;e habet. </s> <s>Se­<lb/>xangulus truncus faginus, longus pedes quinque, latus duos & dimidium, <lb/>cra&longs;&longs;us &longs;e&longs;quipedem in duas partes &longs;ecatur: quæ &longs;ecundum, ferreum axicu­<lb/>lum, in eis collocandum di&longs;tribuuntur, & tam altè & la<gap/>è excauantur, ut i<gap/><lb/>ip&longs;is uer&longs;ari po&longs;sit: cuius axiculi pars, quæ in <expan abbr="trũco">trunco</expan> includitur, tota teres e&longs;t, <pb pagenum="138"/>eiu&longs;que extrema, quæ pro codace e&longs;t, recta exi&longs;tit. </s> <s>Deinde altitudine pedis re <lb/>&longs;idet, rur&longs;usque recta procedit: qua pilum teres ex eo dependet. </s> <s>Po&longs;tea tam a&longs; <lb/>&longs;urgit altè quàin re&longs;edit, iterumque paululùm rectà procedit. </s> <s>Deinde altitudi <lb/>nepedis a&longs;&longs;urgens rur&longs;us rectà procedit: qua <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> <expan abbr="pilũ">pilum</expan> teres ex eo &longs;u&longs;pen­<lb/>&longs;um e&longs;t. </s> <s>Po&longs;tea tam re&longs;idet altè quàm a&longs;&longs;urrexit: tum eius altera pars, quæ i­<lb/>tem pro codace e&longs;t, recta exi&longs;tit: quæ, quia ex trunco extat, ne aqua, in eum <lb/>tracta, erumpat duabus bracteolis ferreis orbiculi figura, cum quibus duo <lb/>coria eiu&longs;dem figuræ & magnitudinis &longs;unt coniuncta, cauetur: quorum al­<lb/>ter intra truncum, alter extra, circum axiculum e&longs;t. </s> <s>Po&longs;tremò &longs;equitur pars <lb/>eius quadrangula duo habens foramina, in quibus duo bacilla ferrea inclu­<lb/>duntur, eorumque capita ma&longs;&longs;ulis plumbeis aggrauantur, ut axiculus ad mo <lb/>tum fiat propen&longs;ior. </s> <s>Qui, po&longs;tquam eius caput in forma uectis fuerit inclu­<lb/>&longs;um, facilè circumagi pote&longs;t. </s> <s>Superior autem trunci pars e&longs;t humilior: inferi <lb/>or, altior: illa in medio &longs;emel fi&longs;tulæ modo, cuius foramen &longs;implicem habe­<lb/>at latitudinem rectà deor&longs;um perforatur: hæc bis, nempe ad utrunque latus <lb/>item rectà deor&longs;um duarum fi&longs;tularum modo, quarum foramina duplicem <lb/>habeant latitudinem: quæ trunci pars imponitur duabus fi&longs;tulis, in eum &longs;u­<lb/>periore parte inclu&longs;is, inferiore in truncos, in lacuna &longs;tatutos, quibus forami <lb/>na &longs;unt, per quæ aquæ in eos influunt, penetrantibus. </s> <s>Deinde ferreus axicu <lb/>lus in trunci cauo locatur, duobus pilis ferreis, quæ ex ip&longs;o dependent, per <lb/>eius foramina demi&longs;sis in fi&longs;tulas altitudine pedis: utrique pilo inferius e&longs;t co <lb/>chlea, quæ cra&longs;&longs;am laminam ferream, in orbiculi figuram formatam & fora­<lb/>minibus plenam, atque corium, quod eam tegit, continet, ut fi&longs;tula <expan abbr="alterã">alteram</expan> py­<lb/>xidem, cui e&longs;t rotunda foricula eam claudens. </s> <s>Tum &longs;uperior trunci pars &longs;u­<lb/>per inferiorem ex omni parte congruenter aptata imponitur: & qua <expan abbr="cõiun-guntur">coniun­<lb/>guntur</expan> latis & cra&longs;sis laminis ferreis cinguntur, paruis cuneis latis item fer­<lb/>reis adactis coercentur, fibulis uinciuntur: in ea &longs;uperiore trunci parte fi&longs;tu­<lb/>la includitur: quam altera excipit, eamque rur&longs;us tertia, atque deinceps alia ali­<lb/>am u&longs;que dum &longs;uprema ad cuniculi canalem pertingat. </s> <s>Itaque cùm uectiarius <lb/>axiculum uer&longs;at, pila uici&longs;sim laminis hauriunt aquas. </s> <s>Quod quia celeriter <lb/>fit, & duarum <expan abbr="fi&longs;tularũ">fi&longs;tularum</expan>, &longs;upra quas truncus e&longs;t &longs;tatutus, foramina duplo ma <lb/>iora &longs;unt quàm foramen &longs;upra <expan abbr="truncũ">truncum</expan> &longs;tatutæ, nec altè pila hauriunt aquas, <lb/>inferiorum impetus continenter &longs;uperiores a&longs;cendere & ex &longs;upremæ fi&longs;tu­<lb/>læ apertura in cuniculi canalem effluere cogit. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quoniã">Quoniam</expan> uerò truncus ligne­<lb/>us rimis fathi&longs;cere &longs;olet: &longs;atius e&longs;t eum ex plumbo, uel ære uel orichalco con <lb/>flato conficere.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>T<emph type="italics"/>runcus<emph.end type="italics"/> A. T<emph type="italics"/>runci pars inferior<emph.end type="italics"/> B. E<emph type="italics"/>iu&longs;dem pars &longs;uperior<emph.end type="italics"/> C. <lb/>F<emph type="italics"/>ibulæ<emph.end type="italics"/> D. F<emph type="italics"/>ictulæ &longs;ub trunco<emph.end type="italics"/> E. F<emph type="italics"/>i&longs;tula &longs;uper truncum &longs;ta­<lb/>tuta<emph.end type="italics"/> F. A<emph type="italics"/>xiculus ferreus<emph.end type="italics"/> G. P<emph type="italics"/>ila<emph.end type="italics"/> H. E<emph type="italics"/>orum laminæ or­<lb/>biculi figura<emph.end type="italics"/> L. C<emph type="italics"/>oria<emph.end type="italics"/> K. F<emph type="italics"/>oramina axis<emph.end type="italics"/> L. <lb/>B<emph type="italics"/>acilla quorum capita ma&longs;&longs;ulis plumbeis &longs;unt aggrauata<emph.end type="italics"/> M. <lb/>V<emph type="italics"/>ectis<emph.end type="italics"/> N.</s></p><pb pagenum="139"/><figure></figure><pb pagenum="140"/><p type="main"> <s>Quarta &longs;iphonum &longs;pecies minus &longs;implex e&longs;t: nam con&longs;tat ex duobus uel <lb/>tribus &longs;iphonibus: quorum pila attollit machina, quam uer&longs;ant homines: <lb/>etenim cuique pilo e&longs;t dens, quem &longs;uculæ bini dentes uici&longs;&longs;im tollunt. </s> <s>Eam <lb/>duo uiri robu&longs;ti, uel quatuor, cogunt. </s> <s>Sed cùm pila decidunt in fi&longs;tulas, eo­<lb/>rum orbiculi hauriunt aquas: cùm attolluntur, ea&longs;dem aquas <expan abbr="exprimũt">exprimunt</expan> per <lb/>fi&longs;tulas. </s> <s>Cuiu&longs;que <expan abbr="aũt">aunt</expan> pili &longs;uperior pars, quæ in foraminibus tignorum tran&longs;­<lb/>uer&longs;ariorum continetur, quadrangula e&longs;t, & cra&longs;&longs;a atque lata &longs;emipedem: reli <lb/>qua, quæ in fi&longs;tulas incidit, & ex alio ligno facta e&longs;t, tota teres. </s> <s>Horum <expan abbr="triũ">trium</expan> <lb/>&longs;iphonum qui&longs;que ex duabus continentibus fi&longs;tulis, ad tigna putei affixis, <expan abbr="cõ">com</expan> <lb/>ponitur. </s> <s>Verùm hæc machina altius aquas haurit, utpote ad pedes quatuor <lb/>& uiginti. </s> <s>Si foramina fi&longs;tularum magna &longs;unt duo tantum modo &longs;iphones <lb/>fiunt: &longs;i paruæ, tres: ut utroque modo machina oneri par e&longs;&longs;e po&longs;sit. </s> <s>Idem de <lb/>cæteris machinis earumque fi&longs;tulis &longs;entiendum e&longs;t. </s> <s>Quoniam uerò hi &longs;ipho­<lb/>nes ex duabus fi&longs;tulis con&longs;tant, pyxis ferrea, ut <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> prius dixi, cui e&longs;t foricu­<lb/>la ferrea, non includitur in trunco, &longs;ed in q&longs;tula inferiore: & quidem ea par <lb/>te, qua ad &longs;uperiorem adnectitur: atque ita pili pars teres &longs;uperioris tantum­<lb/>modo fi&longs;tulæ longitudinem habet. </s> <s>Sed hanc rem mox planius explicabo.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>P<emph type="italics"/>ili dens<emph.end type="italics"/> A. S<emph type="italics"/>uculæ dentes<emph.end type="italics"/> B. P<emph type="italics"/>ili pars &longs;uperior quadran/ <lb/>gula<emph.end type="italics"/> C. E<emph type="italics"/>iu&longs;dem pars inferior teres<emph.end type="italics"/> D. T<emph type="italics"/>igna tran&longs;uer­<lb/>&longs;aria<emph.end type="italics"/> E. F<emph type="italics"/>iftulæ<emph.end type="italics"/> F. E<emph type="italics"/>ius apertura<emph.end type="italics"/> G. C<emph type="italics"/>analis<emph.end type="italics"/> H.</s></p><pb pagenum="141"/><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Sexta &longs;iphonum forma pror&longs;us eadem e&longs;&longs;et quæ quinta, ni&longs;i pro &longs;ucula <lb/>axem haberet, eamque non homines uer&longs;arent, &longs;ed rota, quam <expan abbr="aquarũ">aquarum</expan> impe­<lb/>tus, eius pinnas percutiens circumagit: qui quia longè &longs;uperat uires huma­<lb/>nas hæc machina aquas ex puteo amplius <expan abbr="centũ">centum</expan> pedes alto orbiculis per fi­<pb pagenum="142"/>&longs;tulas haurit. </s> <s>Infima <expan abbr="aũt">aunt</expan> non modo huius &longs;iphonis, &longs;ed <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="aliorũ">aliorum</expan> infimæ fi­<lb/>&longs;tulæ pars, ne re&longs;egmina <expan abbr="lignorũ">lignorum</expan>, uel aliud <expan abbr="quiddã">quiddam</expan>, in &longs;e trahens &longs;orbeat, ple <lb/>runque includi &longs;olet in corbe cra&longs;sis uiminibus contexta, & in lacuna po&longs;ita.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>R<emph type="italics"/>ota<emph.end type="italics"/> A. A<emph type="italics"/>xis<emph.end type="italics"/> B. T<emph type="italics"/>runcus cui in&longs;ictit in fima fi&longs;tula<emph.end type="italics"/> C. C<emph type="italics"/>orbis circundans truncum<emph.end type="italics"/> D.</s></p><figure></figure><pb pagenum="143"/><p type="main"> <s>Septima &longs;iphonum &longs;pecies ab hinc annis decem inuenta cùm <expan abbr="omniũ">omnium</expan> ma <lb/>ximè artificio&longs;a & durabilis & utilis &longs;it, &longs;ine magno impendio confici po­<lb/>te&longs;t, ea con&longs;tat ex pluribus &longs;iphonibus: qui &longs;imul, ut proximi, in puteum <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb/>de&longs;cendunt, &longs;ed alter alteri quodammodo &longs;ubijcitur: etenim &longs;i tres fuerint, <lb/>ut e&longs;&longs;e &longs;olent, ultimus exorbet aquas putei, & eas in <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> <expan abbr="lacu&longs;culũ">lacu&longs;culum</expan> effun­<lb/>dit: &longs;ecundus ex eo rur&longs;us exhau&longs;tas in &longs;ecundum transfundit: tertius in cu­<lb/>niculi canalem: pila horum &longs;iphonum omnium rota pedes quindecim alta <lb/>attollit pariter pariterque deijcit: quam eius pinnæ, ab impetu riui, in <expan abbr="mont&etilde;">montem</expan> <lb/>deducti, percu&longs;&longs;æ, cogunt uer&longs;ari: rotæ radij in axe, longo pedes &longs;ex, cra&longs;&longs;o <lb/>pedem, inclu&longs;i &longs;unt: cuius utrunque caput circulo ferreo cingitur: &longs;ed in <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> <lb/>quidem infixus e&longs;t codax, in alterum uerò <expan abbr="ferrũ">ferrum</expan>, ut codacis po&longs;terior pars, <lb/>cra&longs;&longs;um digitum & tam latum quàm ip&longs;um caput e&longs;t: quod tamen teres & <lb/>circiter digitos tres cra&longs;&longs;um primò longitudine pedis recta extat, quatenus <lb/>obtinet locum codacis: mox curuatum & qua&longs;i lunatis obliquatum corni­<lb/>bus altitudine pedis a&longs;&longs;urgit: deinde rur&longs;us pedem recta eminet: quo modo <lb/>fit ut hæc pars recta, cùm in orbem uoluitur, uici&longs;sim fiat pedem altior & hu <lb/>milior quàm illa. </s> <s>Ex hac po&longs;teriore ferri teretis parte pendet primum pilum <lb/>latum: ip&longs;a enim in &longs;uperius i&longs;tius pili caput <expan abbr="perforatũ">perforatum</expan>, ut clauus ferreus pri­<lb/>marum chelarum in inferius infigitur. </s> <s>Ne uerò pilum ex ea excidat, ut facilè <lb/>excidere pote&longs;t, &, cùm nece&longs;&longs;itas id po&longs;tulat, eximi &longs;olet, quod eius <expan abbr="foram&etilde;">foramen</expan> <lb/>latius &longs;it quàm ferri pars, utrinque clauo ferreo, in ip&longs;am infixo, coercetur: ne <lb/>ij atterant caput pili bracteis ferreis uel corijs intermedijs cauetur: tale <expan abbr="pilũ">pilum</expan> <lb/>primum <expan abbr="longũ">longum</expan> e&longs;t circiter pedes duodecim, reliqua uerò duo pedes &longs;ex & <lb/>uiginti. </s> <s>Sed quodque latum e&longs;t palmum, cra&longs;&longs;um digitos tres: utraque cuiu&longs;que<lb/>pars lata tecta & munita e&longs;t laminis ferreis: quæ cochleis item ferreis conti­<lb/>nentur: ut pars, quæ uitium fecerit, refici po&longs;sit. </s> <s>At chelæ in axiculum inclu­<lb/>&longs;æ &longs;unt teretem, longum &longs;e&longs;quipedem, cra&longs;&longs;um palmos duos: is utrinque cin­<lb/>gitur circulo ferreo, ne codaces ferrei, qui in <expan abbr="tignorũ">tignorum</expan> armillis ferreis uer&longs;an­<lb/>tur, ex eo excidant: ex quo axiculo utraque chelarum pars lignea eminet lon­<lb/>ga pedes duos, lata & cra&longs;&longs;a digitos &longs;ex. </s> <s>Altera ab altera di&longs;tat palmos tres: <lb/>utriu&longs;que rur&longs;us pars tam interior quàm exterior etiam laminis e&longs;t ferrata. </s> <s>In <lb/>chelas uerò claui duo ferrei teretes et cra&longs;si digitos duos &longs;ic infixi &longs;unt, ut im <lb/>mobiles maneant. </s> <s>Eorum po&longs;terior per primi pili lati inferius & &longs;ecundi &longs;u <lb/>perius caput perforatum & immobile penetrat. </s> <s>Prior <expan abbr="aut&etilde;">autem</expan> &longs;imiliter immo­<lb/>bilis per ferreum primi pili teretis caput item immobile & deflexum. </s> <s>I&longs;tiu&longs;­<lb/>modi pilum quodque longum e&longs;t pedes tredecim, cra&longs;&longs;um digitos tres, & in <lb/>priorem cuiu&longs;que &longs;iphonis fi&longs;tulam de&longs;cendit tam profundè, ut eius orbicu­<lb/>lus <expan abbr="foriculã">foriculam</expan> pyxidis ferè attingat. </s> <s>Quod cùm decidit in fi&longs;tulam, aquæ, per <lb/>orbiculi foramina penetrantes, corium attollunt: cùm &longs;ubleuatur, eædem <lb/>corium, quod ip&longs;as fert, <expan abbr="deprimũt">deprimunt</expan>. </s> <s>Foricula uerò pyxidem, ut foris ianuam, <lb/>claudit. </s> <s>At fi&longs;tulæ coniunguntur duobus circulis ferreis, palmum latis, alte­<lb/>ro interius, altero extrin&longs;ecus. </s> <s>Sed interiore utrinque acuto ut in utramque fi­<lb/>&longs;tulam penetrare & eas <expan abbr="cõtinere">continere</expan> po&longs;sit. </s> <s>Quanque nunc fi&longs;tulæ carentinterio <lb/>re circulo: &longs;ed habent commi&longs;&longs;uras, quibus <expan abbr="iungũtur">iunguntur</expan>. </s> <s>Etenim &longs;uperioris in­<lb/>ferius caput <expan abbr="cõtinet">continet</expan>, inferioris caput &longs;uperius: utrunque enim ad altitudinem <pb pagenum="144"/>&longs;eptem digitorum exci&longs;um e&longs;t: <expan abbr="uerũ">uerum</expan> illud interius, hoc extrin&longs;ecus, ut <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> <lb/>in <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> inire po&longs;sit, cùm <expan abbr="pilũ">pilum</expan> incidit in <expan abbr="prior&etilde;">priorem</expan> <expan abbr="fi&longs;tulã">fi&longs;tulam</expan>, foricula illa clauditur: <lb/>cùm extrahitur, aperitur: ut aquæ pateat foramen. </s> <s>Vnu&longs;qui&longs;que autem i&longs;tiu&longs;­<lb/>modi &longs;iphonum con&longs;tat ex duabus fi&longs;tulis: quarum utraque longa e&longs;t pedes <lb/>duodecim: utriu&longs;que foramen <expan abbr="latũ">latum</expan> e&longs;t digitos &longs;eptem. </s> <s>Inferior in putei lacuna <lb/>uel in lacu&longs;culo collocatur, eiusque foramen inferius ob&longs;truitur ligno tereti: <lb/>&longs;upra quod fi&longs;tulæ circumcirca &longs;ex &longs;unt foramina, per quæ aqua in eam in­<lb/>fluit. </s> <s>At &longs;uperioris fi&longs;tulæ pars &longs;uperior aperturam habet altam pedem, <expan abbr="latã">latam</expan> <lb/>palmum, per quam aqua effluit in lacu&longs;culum uel in canalem: qui&longs;que lacu&longs;cu <lb/>lus longus e&longs;t pedes duos, latus & altus unum. </s> <s>Quot uerò &longs;unt &longs;iphones, <lb/>tot &longs;unt axiculi, tot chelæ, tot utriu&longs;que generis pila. </s> <s>Sed &longs;i tres fuerint &longs;ipho­<lb/>nes duo tantummodo lacu&longs;culi &longs;unt, quòd lacuna putei & canalis cuniculi <lb/>in duorum locum &longs;uccedant. </s> <s>Hæc autem machina &longs;ic aquas ex puteo hau­<lb/>rit: rota uer&longs;ata primum pilum attollit: id &longs;ubleuat primas chelas: atque ita eti­<lb/>am &longs;ecundum pilum latum & primum teres. </s> <s>Deinde &longs;ecundu latum &longs;ecun­<lb/>das chelas, & &longs;ic tertium pilum latum et &longs;ecundum teres: tum tertium pilum <lb/>latum tertias chelas & tertium pilum teres. </s> <s>Nam ex harum chelarum clauo <lb/>ferreo nullum pilum <expan abbr="latũ">latum</expan> pendet, quod nulla in re ultimo &longs;iphoni u&longs;ui e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>po&longs;sit. </s> <s>Contra uerò cùm primum latum decidit, quæque chelæ delabuntur, <lb/>quodque pilum latum, quodque teres. </s> <s>Atque i&longs;ta ratione uno eodemque tempo­<lb/>re aqua in lacu&longs;culos infunditur & ex ei&longs;dem exhauritur: ex lacuna uerò pu <lb/>tei &longs;olum exhauritur, in canalem cuniculi tantum infunditur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quinetiã">Quinetiam</expan> cir­<lb/>cum axem longiorem duæ rotæ fieri po&longs;&longs;unt &longs;i riuus tantam aquarum copi <lb/>am &longs;uppeditauerit, quanta eas uer&longs;are po&longs;sit: atque ex utriu&longs;que ferri teretis par <lb/>te po&longs;teriore unum uel duo pila lata appendi po&longs;&longs;unt: quorum quodque tri­<lb/>um &longs;yphonum pila <expan abbr="cõmoueat">commoueat</expan>. </s> <s>Po&longs;tremò nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t puteos, è quibus aquæ <lb/>fi&longs;tulis hauriuntur, e&longs;&longs;e rectos. </s> <s>Nam omnes &longs;iphones, ut etiam aliæ machi­<lb/>næ tractoriæ, quibus fi&longs;tulæ &longs;unt, aquas minus altè hauriunt, &longs;i fi&longs;tulæ obli­<lb/>què in obliquis puteis locantur, quàm &longs;i rectà in rectis &longs;tatuantur.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>P<emph type="italics"/>uteus<emph.end type="italics"/> A. V<emph type="italics"/>ltimus &longs;ipho<emph.end type="italics"/> B. L<emph type="italics"/>acu&longs;culus primus<emph.end type="italics"/> C. S<emph type="italics"/>ecundus &longs;ipho<emph.end type="italics"/> D. <lb/>L<emph type="italics"/>acu&longs;culus &longs;ecundus<emph.end type="italics"/> E. T<emph type="italics"/>ertius &longs;ipho<emph.end type="italics"/> F. C<emph type="italics"/>analis<emph.end type="italics"/> G. F<emph type="italics"/>errum in axe <lb/>inclu&longs;um<emph.end type="italics"/> H. P<emph type="italics"/>rimum pilum latum<emph.end type="italics"/> I. S<emph type="italics"/>ecundum pilum latum<emph.end type="italics"/> K. <lb/>T<emph type="italics"/>ertium pilum latum<emph.end type="italics"/> L. P<emph type="italics"/>rimum pilum teres<emph.end type="italics"/> M. S<emph type="italics"/>ecundum pilum <lb/>teres<emph.end type="italics"/> N. T<emph type="italics"/>ertium pilum teres<emph.end type="italics"/> O. A<emph type="italics"/>xiculi<emph.end type="italics"/> P. C<emph type="italics"/>helæ<emph.end type="italics"/> <expan abbr="q.">que</expan></s></p><pb pagenum="145"/><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Verùm &longs;i riuus tantam aquarum copiam, quanta machinam proximè <lb/><expan abbr="explicatã">explicatam</expan> uer&longs;are pote&longs;t, non &longs;uppeditat, quod uel natura loci fit, uel æ&longs;tiuo <pb pagenum="146"/>tempore, quo diuturnæ &longs;iccitates fuerint, accidit, machina con&longs;truitur, cui <lb/>tam humilis & leuis &longs;it rota, ut eam tantuli riui aqua circumagere po&longs;sit: ea­<lb/>dem in canalem decidens ab eo delabitur in inferioris machinæ rotam <expan abbr="altã">altam</expan> <lb/>et grauem, quæ &longs;iphonibus è profundo puteo aquas haurit. </s> <s>Quia uerò tam <lb/>exigui riui aqua alteram rotam &longs;ola uer&longs;are nequit, eius axis initio uectibus <lb/>à duobus operarijs circumagitur, &longs;ed quamprimum aquas &longs;iphonibus hau <lb/>&longs;tas in lacum effuderit,, eas &longs;uperior machina &longs;uo &longs;iphone haurit, & in alte­<lb/>rum canalem effundit, ex quo etiam influunt inferioris machinæ rotam, ei­<lb/>usque pinnas percutiunt. </s> <s>Tam autem hæ aquæ quàm riui canalibus i&longs;tis de­<lb/>cliuibus in altiorem illam & <expan abbr="grauior&etilde;">grauiorem</expan> inferioris machinæ, quæ duobus uel <lb/>tribus &longs;iphonibus aquas ex profundiore putei parte haurit, <expan abbr="rotã">rotam</expan> deductæ, <lb/>eam po&longs;&longs;unt conuertere.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>M<emph type="italics"/>achinæ &longs;uperioris rota<emph.end type="italics"/> A. E<emph type="italics"/>ius &longs;ipho<emph.end type="italics"/> B. E<emph type="italics"/>iu&longs;dem canalis<emph.end type="italics"/> C. <lb/>M<emph type="italics"/>achinæ inferioris rota<emph.end type="italics"/> D. E<emph type="italics"/>ius &longs;iphones<emph.end type="italics"/> E. A<emph type="italics"/>lter canalis<emph.end type="italics"/> F.</s></p><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Si uerò riuus tantam aquarum copiam &longs;uppeditat, quanta &longs;tatim <expan abbr="rotã">rotam</expan> al­<lb/>tam & grauem uer&longs;are pote&longs;t, tum ad alterum axis caput fit tympanum den <lb/>tatum, id uer&longs;atum circumagit alterius axis tympanum, quod ex fu&longs;is con­<lb/>&longs;tat, ei &longs;ubiectum: ad utrumque <expan abbr="eiu&longs;d&etilde;">eiu&longs;dem</expan> axis inferioris caput fit <gap/>rrum teres, & <lb/>qua&longs;i lunatis obliquatum cornibus, in i&longs;tiu&longs;modi machinis u&longs;itatum. </s> <s>Hæc <lb/>autem quod utrinque &longs;iphonum ordines habeat permultas aquas haurit.</s></p><pb pagenum="147"/><p type="caption"> <s>A<emph type="italics"/>xis &longs;uperior<emph.end type="italics"/> A. R<emph type="italics"/>ota cuius pinnas riui impetus percutit<emph.end type="italics"/> B. T<emph type="italics"/>ympauum <lb/>dentatum<emph.end type="italics"/> C. A<emph type="italics"/>lter axis<emph.end type="italics"/> D. T<emph type="italics"/>ympanum quod ex fu&longs;is conctat<emph.end type="italics"/> E. <lb/>F<emph type="italics"/>errum teres & curuatum<emph.end type="italics"/> F. S<emph type="italics"/>iphonum ordines<emph.end type="italics"/> G.</s></p><figure></figure><pb pagenum="148"/><p type="main"> <s>At machinarum, quæ pilis aquas <expan abbr="hauriũt">hauriunt</expan>, item &longs;ex &longs;unt formæ nobis no­<lb/>tæ: quarum prima &longs;ic &longs;e hab<gap/>. </s> <s>Sub &longs;ummo terræ corio uel cuniculo foditur <lb/>cauerna, ac undique robu&longs;tis tignis & a&longs;&longs;eribus &longs;ub&longs;truitur, ne ruinis uel ho­<lb/>mines opprimantur uel machina frangatur. </s> <s>In ea cauerna &longs;ub&longs;tructa collo­<lb/>catur rota, in axi angulato inclu&longs;a. </s> <s>Axis autem codaces ferrei in dimidiatis <lb/>catillis item ferreis uer&longs;antur: qui in tignis <expan abbr="admodũ">admodum</expan> robu&longs;tis inclu&longs;i &longs;unt. </s> <s><lb/>Rota uerò plerunque alta e&longs;t pedes quatuor et uiginti, rarò triginta, nihil di&longs;­<lb/>&longs;imilis ad molendum frumentum fabricatæ: ni&longs;i quod paulò &longs;it angu&longs;tior: <lb/>axi ab altera parte <expan abbr="tympanũ">tympanum</expan> e&longs;t in medio <expan abbr="circũcirca">circuncirca</expan> excauatum, in quod mul <lb/>tæ fibulæ ferreæ quater curuatæ &longs;unt infixæ: in quib. </s> <s>quia annuli <expan abbr="inhær&etilde;t">inhærent</expan> ca <lb/>tena ductaria per fi&longs;tulas extrahitur ex lacuna, rur&longs;usque in eandem demitti­<lb/>tur per tigna excauata u&longs;que ad ad imum libramentum: orbis e&longs;t ferreus cir­<lb/>cum axiculum ferreum: cuius uterque codax in cra&longs;&longs;i ferri, ad tignum affixi, ca <lb/>tillo uer&longs;atur: in quo tympano catena inuoluta aquas pilis hau&longs;tas per fi&longs;tu­<lb/>las effert. </s> <s>Quæque fi&longs;tula quinque ferreis circulis palmum latis & digitum cra&longs; <lb/>&longs;is cingitur: qui æqualia eius &longs;pacia diuidunt & muniunt, eorum primus ei <lb/>communis e&longs;t cum fi&longs;tula antecedente in qua includitur: ultimus cum <expan abbr="con-&longs;equ&etilde;te">con­<lb/>&longs;equente</expan>, quæ in ea includitur: quæque fi&longs;tula, excepta prima, &longs;umma parte ex­<lb/>trin&longs;ecus circumcirca longitudine digitorum &longs;eptem cra&longs;situdine trium ex­<lb/>cauata e&longs;t, ut in eam quæ antecedit, in&longs;eri po&longs;&longs;it: quæque, excepta ultima, ima <lb/>parte interius circumcirca pari longitudine, &longs;ed cra&longs;&longs;itudine palmi, re&longs;ecta <lb/>e&longs;t ut eam quæ &longs;equitur recipere po&longs;&longs;it: quæque ferreis fibulis ad putei tigna <lb/>affigitur, ut immobilis maneat. </s> <s>Per has continentes fi&longs;tulas aquæ pilis cate­<lb/>næ ductariæ ex lacuna extrahuntur u&longs;que ad cunículum: ubi per &longs;upremæ fi­<lb/>&longs;tulæ aperturam exprimuntur in canalem per quem <expan abbr="effluũt">effluunt</expan>. </s> <s>Pilæ uerò quæ <lb/><expan abbr="ducũt">ducunt</expan> aquam, implicantur annulis ferreis catenæ ductariæ: di&longs;tatque una ab <lb/>altera pedibus &longs;ex: con&longs;tant ex caudæ equinæ pilis corio in&longs;utis, ne ferreis <lb/>tympani fibulis <expan abbr="euellãtur">euellantur</expan>: tantæ &longs;unt ut utraque manu capi po&longs;&longs;int. </s> <s>Si autem <lb/>hæc machina &longs;ub &longs;ummo terræ corio fuerit collocata, riuus, qui eius <expan abbr="circũ-agit">circun­<lb/>agit</expan> rotam, per &longs;ubdiales canales deducitur: &longs;i &longs;ub cuniculo, per &longs;ubterrane­<lb/>os. </s> <s>Itaque rotæ pinnæ, ab impetu fluminis percu&longs;&longs;æ, <expan abbr="progredi&etilde;tes">progredientes</expan> uer&longs;ant ro <lb/>tam: atque unà cum ea tympanum: quo modo catena ductaria extracta pilis <lb/>per fi&longs;tulas exprimit aquas. </s> <s>Huius machinæ rota &longs;i alta fuerit pedes quatu­<lb/>or & uiginti ex puteo, alto pedes <expan abbr="duc&etilde;tos">ducentos</expan> & decem, extrahit aquas: &longs;i pedes <lb/>triginta, ex puteo alto pedes ducentos & quadraginta. </s> <s>Sed huic opus e&longs;t ri <lb/>uo cui maior uis aquarum &longs;it.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>R<emph type="italics"/>ota<emph.end type="italics"/> A. A<emph type="italics"/>xis<emph.end type="italics"/> B. C<emph type="italics"/>odaces<emph.end type="italics"/> C. A<emph type="italics"/>rmillæ<emph.end type="italics"/> D. T<emph type="italics"/>ympanum<emph.end type="italics"/> E. <lb/>A<emph type="italics"/>n&longs;æ ferreæ<emph.end type="italics"/> F. C<emph type="italics"/>atena ductaria<emph.end type="italics"/> G. T<emph type="italics"/>igne<emph.end type="italics"/> H. <lb/>P<emph type="italics"/>ilæ<emph.end type="italics"/> I. F<emph type="italics"/>i&longs;tulæ<emph.end type="italics"/> K. C<emph type="italics"/>anales riui<emph.end type="italics"/> L.</s></p><pb pagenum="149"/><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Altera machina duo habet tympana, duos fi&longs;tularum ordines, duas cate <lb/>nas ductarias, quæ pilis aquas exprimunt. </s> <s>Cætera proximis pror&longs;us &longs;unt &longs;i­<pb pagenum="150"/>milia. </s> <s>Hæc machina <expan abbr="tũ">tum</expan> con&longs;trui &longs;olet, cùm nimis multæ aquæ in <expan abbr="lacunã">lacunam</expan> con <lb/><expan abbr="fluxerũt">fluxerunt</expan>: atque has duas machinas uis <expan abbr="aquarũ">aquarum</expan> uer&longs;at, omninoque aquæ <expan abbr="trahũt">trahunt</expan> <lb/>aquas. </s> <s>Hoc uerò e&longs;tindicium accretionis et diminutionis aquarum, quas in <lb/>&longs;e continet lacuna &longs;ubterranea, &longs;iue eas aquas hæc a<gap/>era machina pilis hau­<lb/>&longs;tas per fi&longs;tulas efferat, &longs;iue prima, &longs;iue tertia, aliaúe. </s> <s>Etrabis, quæ e&longs;t &longs;upra <lb/>puteum tam altum quàm profunda e&longs;t lacuna, altera parte lapis, a&longs;&longs;er altera, <lb/>uterque uno fune appen&longs;us. </s> <s>Sed hic tamen ferreo filo, quod pendet ab altero <lb/>eius capite demittitur: & quidem lapis u&longs;que ad oris putei latus, a&longs;&longs;er uerò re­<lb/>ctà per puteum in lacunam, cuius aquis innatat. </s> <s>Is a&longs;&longs;er tam grauis e&longs;t, ut <expan abbr="filũ">filum</expan> <lb/>ferreum, quod ip&longs;ius fibulam ferream hamulo prehendit, unà cum fune de­<lb/>or&longs;um, lapidem &longs;ur&longs;um trahere po&longs;sit: itaque quo magis aqua decre&longs;cit, eo ma <lb/>gis a&longs;&longs;er deor&longs;um fertur, lapis &longs;ur&longs;um: quo uerò magis accre&longs;cit, eò magis <expan abbr="cõ">com</expan> <lb/>trà a&longs;&longs;er &longs;ur&longs;um fertur, lapis deor&longs;um. </s> <s>Hic cùm ferè trabem contingit, quia &longs;i <lb/>gnum dat aquas ex lacuna pilis per fi&longs;tulas e&longs;&longs;e exhau&longs;tas, machinæ præfe­<lb/>ctus riui canales occludit, rotamque &longs;i&longs;tit: cùm ferme terram, quæ e&longs;t ad oris <lb/>putei latus, attingit, quia &longs;ignificat lacunam e&longs;&longs;e aquis, quæ in eam rur&longs;us <expan abbr="cõ">com</expan> <lb/>fluxerunt, repletam (aquæ enim attollunt a&longs;&longs;erem, atque ita lapis & funem & <lb/>filum ferreum retrahit) idem præfectus canales recludit: quare aquæ riui ite <lb/>rum percutientes rotæ pinnas uer&longs;ant machinam. </s> <s>Quoniam uerò operarij <lb/>plerunque anniuer&longs;arijs diebus fe&longs;tis non laborant, & profe&longs;tis non &longs;emper <lb/>prope machinam, atque ea, &longs;i res hoc po&longs;tulat, continenter trahit aquas, tinti­<lb/>nabuli &longs;onus a&longs;siduè auditus declarat machinam hanc æquè ac primam in­<lb/>tegram & nulla re <expan abbr="impeditã">impeditam</expan> uer&longs;ari: id ex axiculo ligneo, quem <expan abbr="cõtinent">continent</expan> tra <lb/>bes, quæ &longs;unt &longs;upra <expan abbr="puteũ">puteum</expan>, funiculo appen&longs;um e&longs;t. </s> <s>Alter uerò funiculus lon <lb/>gus, cuius &longs;uperius caput ad axiculum religatum e&longs;t, demittitur in puteum: <lb/>inferiori eius capiti alligatum e&longs;t lignum: quod quoties axis manus percu­<lb/>tiunt, toties tintinabulum <expan abbr="cõmotum">commotum</expan> &longs;onitum reddit. </s> <s>Tertia <expan abbr="aũt">aunt</expan> i&longs;tius ge­<lb/>neris machina tunc utuntur metallici, cùm nullus riuus, qui uer&longs;et rotam, de <lb/>duci pote&longs;t: cuius hæc e&longs;t fabrica. </s> <s>Cauernam primò fodiunt: quam etiam ro <lb/>bu&longs;tis tignis & a&longs;&longs;eribus con&longs;truunt, ne latera ruinas edant, quæ <expan abbr="labefact&etilde;t">labefactent</expan> <lb/>machinam & homines lædant. </s> <s>At &longs;uperiorem cauernæ partem contegunt <lb/>tignis: ut equi machinam trahentes per ea po&longs;sint incedere. </s> <s>Deinde <expan abbr="iterũ">iterum</expan> ti­<lb/>gna ad &longs;edecim, longa pedes quadraginta, lata & cra&longs;&longs;a pedem unum, fibu­<lb/>lis in &longs;ummo <expan abbr="cõiuncta">coniuncta</expan>, in imo diuaricata erigunt: eorumque &longs;ingulorum infe <lb/>riora capita in &longs;ingulorum tignorum humi &longs;tratorum formis includunt, & <lb/>tertio quodam connectunt: quo modo rur&longs;us fit area circuli &longs;peciem <expan abbr="hab&etilde;s">habens</expan>, <lb/>cuius linea dimetiens &longs;it <expan abbr="pedũ">pedum</expan> quinquaginta. </s> <s>Per foramen, quod e&longs;t in me­<lb/>dia area, de&longs;cendit axis quadrangulus &longs;tatutus, longus pedes quinque & qua <lb/>draginta, cra&longs;&longs;us & latus &longs;e&longs;quipedem: cuius codax inferior uoluitur in catil <lb/>lo tigni humi in cauerna &longs;trati, &longs;uperior in catillo tigni, quod in &longs;ummo &longs;ub <lb/>fibula in formis duorum tignorum erectorum e&longs;t inclu&longs;um. </s> <s>Catillus inferi­<lb/>or di&longs;tat ab altero cauernæ latere, item ab eiu&longs;dem fronte & à tergo pedes <lb/>XVII. axi ad pedem &longs;upra inferius caput e&longs;t rota dentata: cuius linea dimeti­<lb/>ens habet pedes XXII. </s> <s>Ea rota con&longs;tat ex quatuor radijs & octo curuaturis. </s> <s><lb/>Radij &longs;unt longi pedes XV. cra&longs;si & lati dodrantem: quorum alterum caput <pb pagenum="151"/>inclu&longs;um e&longs;t in axe, alterum in formis duorum curuaturarum, qua parte <expan abbr="cõ-iunguntur">con­<lb/>iunguntur</expan>. </s> <s>Hæ curuaturæ cra&longs;&longs;æ &longs;unt dodrantem, latæ pedem: ex quibus <lb/>&longs;ur&longs;um uer&longs;us eminent & extant dentes recti, alti dodrantem, lati <expan abbr="&longs;emiped&etilde;">&longs;emipedem</expan>, <lb/>cra&longs;&longs;i digitos &longs;ex: qui uer&longs;ant tympanum alterius axis &longs;trati, id con&longs;tat ex du <lb/>odecim fu&longs;is, longis pedes tres, latis & cra&longs;&longs;is digitos &longs;ex: quod <expan abbr="circumactũ">circumactum</expan> <lb/>uoluit axem, circum quem e&longs;t tympanum, habens fibulas ferreas quater cur <lb/>uatas: in quibus annuli catenæ ductariæ, quæ pilis per fi&longs;tulas haurit <expan abbr="aquã">aquam</expan>, <lb/>inhærent. </s> <s>Huius axis &longs;trati codaces ferrei in armillis, quæ in medio trabium <lb/>&longs;unt inclu&longs;æ, uer&longs;antur. </s> <s>Supra loculamentum rotæ in axis &longs;tatuti formis ca­<lb/>pita duorum <expan abbr="tignorũ">tignorum</expan> obliquè a&longs;cendentium inclu&longs;a fibulantur. </s> <s>Eorundem <lb/>uerò capita &longs;uperiora <expan abbr="&longs;u&longs;tin&etilde;t">&longs;u&longs;tinent</expan> tigna tran&longs;uer&longs;aria duplicata, item in eius for­<lb/>mis inclu&longs;a. </s> <s>In altero autem tigni tran&longs;uer&longs;arij capite inclu&longs;um e&longs;t tigillum, <lb/>quod qua&longs;i ex duplicato pendet: cui &longs;imiliter inferius tignum curtum e&longs;t in <lb/>clu&longs;um. </s> <s>Id uerò habet ferreum clauum, qui recipit catenam, atque ea rur&longs;us &longs;ta <lb/>teram. </s> <s>Hanc machinam, quæ extrahit aquas ex puteo, alto pedes ducentos <lb/>& quadraginta, duo & triginta equi circumagunt: atque eorum octo quatu­<lb/>or horis: deinde hi quie&longs;cunt duodecim horis, & totidem in eorum locum <lb/>&longs;uccedunt. </s> <s>Talis autem machina ad radices Meliboci montis & in uicin is <lb/>locis e&longs;t u&longs;itata. </s> <s>Quin, &longs;i res hoc po&longs;tulat, plures eiu&longs;modi machinæ unius <lb/>uenæ fodiendæ gratia, &longs;ed alia alio in loco profundiore &longs;olent con&longs;trui: ut <lb/>in Carpato monte Schemnicij tres: quarum infima ex infima lacuna trahit <lb/>aquas ad primos canales, per quos in &longs;ecundam lacunam influunt: media ex <lb/>&longs;ecunda lacuna ad &longs;ecundos canales, è quibus in tertiam lacunam defluunt: <lb/>&longs;uprema ex terra ad cuniculi canales, per quos effluunt. </s> <s>Eiu&longs;modi tres ma­<lb/>chinas circumagunt equi &longs;ex & nonaginta: qui per puteum decliuem & co­<lb/>chleæ in&longs;tar contortum gradibus de&longs;cendunt ad machinas: quarum infima <lb/>in loco profundo e&longs;t collocata: qui di&longs;tat à &longs;ubdiali terræ corio ad pedes &longs;ex <lb/>centos & &longs;exaginta.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>A<emph type="italics"/>xis &longs;tatutus<emph.end type="italics"/> A. R<emph type="italics"/>ota dentata<emph.end type="italics"/> B. D<emph type="italics"/>entes<emph.end type="italics"/> C. A<emph type="italics"/>xis &longs;tratus<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>D. T<emph type="italics"/>ympanum, quod con&longs;tat ex fu&longs;is<emph.end type="italics"/> E. A<emph type="italics"/>lterum tympa­<lb/>num<emph.end type="italics"/> F. C<emph type="italics"/>atena ductaria<emph.end type="italics"/> G. P<emph type="italics"/>ilæ<emph.end type="italics"/> H.</s></p><pb pagenum="152"/><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Ex eodem genere e&longs;t quarta machinæ &longs;pecies, quæ ita fit. </s> <s>Duo tigna &longs;ta­<lb/>tuuntur, in quorum foraminib. </s> <s>&longs;uculæ capita uoluuntur: eam duo uel qua­<pb pagenum="153"/>tuor robu&longs;ti uiri circumagunt: unu<gap/> enim uel duo trahunt uectes, unus uel <lb/>duo eo&longs;dem trudunt, atque ita illos iuuant. </s> <s>Vici&longs;&longs;im <expan abbr="aũt">aunt</expan> alij duo uel quatuor <lb/>in eorum <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> &longs;uccedunt. </s> <s>Sucula i&longs;tius machinæ, non aliter ac&longs;tratus <expan abbr="aliarũ">aliarum</expan> <lb/><expan abbr="machinarũ">machinarum</expan> axis, habet <expan abbr="tympanũ">tympanum</expan>, in cuius item fibulis ferreis annuli catenæ <lb/>ductariæ inhærentes aquas pilis per fi&longs;tulas hauriunt, altitudine <expan abbr="pedũ">pedum</expan> octo <lb/>& quadraginta. </s> <s>Altius enim eas extrahere <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> po&longs;&longs;unt humanæ uires, quòd <lb/>labor ille maximus non homines modo, &longs;ed etiam equos defatiget. </s> <s>Nam &longs;o <lb/>la aqua rotam, cui e&longs;t eiu&longs;modi <expan abbr="tympanũ">tympanum</expan>, continenter pote&longs;t impellere: plu­<lb/>res e<gap/>am i&longs;tius generis machinæ, ut proximæ, unius uenæ <expan abbr="fodi&etilde;dæ">fodiendæ</expan> gratia, <lb/>&longs;ed alia alio in loco profundiore &longs;olent con&longs;trui.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>S<emph type="italics"/>ucula<emph.end type="italics"/> A. T<emph type="italics"/>ympanum<emph.end type="italics"/> B. C<emph type="italics"/>atena ductaria<emph.end type="italics"/> C. P<emph type="italics"/>ilæ<emph.end type="italics"/> D. F<emph type="italics"/>ibulæ<emph.end type="italics"/> E.</s></p><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Quinta machina partim tertiæ &longs;imilis e&longs;t, partim quartæ. </s> <s>Nam à uiris ro­<lb/>bu&longs;tis ut hæc circumagitur: ut illa duos habet axes, quanque utrunque <expan abbr="&longs;tratũ">&longs;tratum</expan>, <lb/>& tria tympana utriu&longs;que axis codaces &longs;ic in <expan abbr="tignorũ">tignorum</expan> armillis inclu&longs;i &longs;unt, ut <lb/>exilirene <expan abbr="queãt">queant</expan>. </s> <s>Inferiori <expan abbr="aũt">aunt</expan> axi altera parte &longs;unt uectes, altera <expan abbr="tympanũ">tympanum</expan> den <lb/>tatum: &longs;uperiori altera tympanum quod ex fu&longs;is con&longs;tat, altera id, in quo fi­<lb/>bulæ ferreæ &longs;unt infixæ: quibus annuli catenæ ductariæ &longs;imiliter inhæren­<lb/>tes aquas pilis per fi&longs;tulas eadem altitudine hauriunt. </s> <s>Hanc machinam uo­<lb/>lubilem duo uirorum paria uici&longs;&longs;im uer&longs;ant: alterum &longs;tans laborat, alterum <pb pagenum="154"/>feriatum &longs;edet: dum munus uoluendi exercent, unus uectes trahit, alter tru­<lb/>dit, tympana ad machinam facilius circumagendam adiuuant.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>A<emph type="italics"/>xes<emph.end type="italics"/> A. V<emph type="italics"/>ectes<emph.end type="italics"/> B. T<emph type="italics"/>ympanum dentatum<emph.end type="italics"/> C. T<emph type="italics"/>ympanum <lb/>ex fu&longs;is con&longs;tans<emph.end type="italics"/> D. T<emph type="italics"/>ympanum in quo infixæ &longs;unt fibulæ ferreæ<emph.end type="italics"/> E.</s></p><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Sextæ machinæ item duo &longs;unt axes: inferior altera parte habet <expan abbr="rotã">rotam</expan>, quæ <lb/>à duobus calcantibus uer&longs;atur, altam pedes tres & uiginti, latam quatuor, <lb/>ut alter iuxta alterum &longs;tare po&longs;&longs;it: altera tympanum dentatum. </s> <s>Inferiori ue­<lb/>rò &longs;unt duo tympana & una rota: alterum tympanum ex fu&longs;is con&longs;tat, in al­<lb/>tero infixæ &longs;unt fibulæ ferreæ. </s> <s>Rota &longs;imilis e&longs;t ei, quam habet &longs;ecunda ma­<lb/>china, quæ terras & <expan abbr="&longs;axorũ">&longs;axorum</expan> fragmenta poti&longs;simùm ex puteis extrahit. </s> <s>Cal­<lb/>cantes autem ne cadant manibus prehendunt perticas, ad rotæ latera interi <lb/>us affixas: quam cùm uer&longs;ant tympanum dentatum &longs;imul circumactum im­<lb/>pellit alterum, quod ex fu&longs;is con&longs;tat, quo modo rur&longs;us annuli catenæ ducta <lb/>riæ tertij tympani fibulis inhærentes aquas pilis per fi&longs;tulas hauriunt altitu <lb/>dine pedum &longs;ex & &longs;exaginta.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>A<emph type="italics"/>xes<emph.end type="italics"/> A. R<emph type="italics"/>ota quæ calcatur<emph.end type="italics"/> B. T<emph type="italics"/>ympanum dentatum<emph.end type="italics"/> C. <lb/>T<emph type="italics"/>ympanum exfu&longs;is con&longs;tans<emph.end type="italics"/> D. T<emph type="italics"/>ympanum, in quo infixæ <lb/>&longs;unt fibulæ ferreæ<emph.end type="italics"/> E. A<emph type="italics"/>ltera rota<emph.end type="italics"/> F. P<emph type="italics"/>ilæ<emph.end type="italics"/> G.</s></p><pb pagenum="155"/><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Sed machina, <expan abbr="omniũ">omnium</expan> quæ aquas trahunt maxima, &longs;ic con&longs;truitur. </s> <s>Primò <lb/>ca&longs;tellum in cauerna &longs;ub&longs;tructa collocatur, <expan abbr="longũ">longum</expan> pedes XVIII. <expan abbr="latũ">latum</expan> & <expan abbr="altũ">altum</expan> <pb pagenum="156"/>pedes XII. in &qring;d riuus per &longs;ubdiales canales aut <expan abbr="cuniculũ">cuniculum</expan> deducitur. </s> <s>Ca&longs;tel­<lb/>lo &longs;untduo o&longs;tia et <expan abbr="totid&etilde;">totidem</expan> fores, habentes &longs;uperiori parte uectes, quib. </s> <s>leuari <lb/>in antis excauatis et rur&longs;us demitti po&longs;&longs;unt, ut illo modo o&longs;tia <expan abbr="re&longs;erãtur">re&longs;erantur</expan>, hoc <lb/>claudantur. </s> <s>Sub o&longs;tijs &longs;unt duo canales, ex a&longs;&longs;erib. </s> <s>facti: qui <expan abbr="excipiũt">excipiunt</expan> <expan abbr="aquã">aquam</expan> è <lb/>ca&longs;tello <expan abbr="effluent&etilde;">effluentem</expan>, eamque in rotæ pinnas <expan abbr="infundũt">infundunt</expan>: quo impetu percu&longs;&longs;æ uer <lb/>&longs;ant rotam: breuior defert aquas, quæ percutiunt pinnas rotam uoluentes <lb/>uer&longs;us ca&longs;tellum: longior eas, quæ percutiunt pinnas rotam uer&longs;antes in <expan abbr="cõ">com</expan> <lb/>trariam partem. </s> <s>Rotæ autem theca &longs;iue loculamentum con&longs;tat ex contigna<lb/>tione, ad quam etiam interius affixæ &longs;unt tabulæ. </s> <s>Ip&longs;a rota e&longs;t alta pedes &longs;ex <lb/>& triginta, atque inclu&longs;a in axi. </s> <s>Habet uerò duplices, ut iam dixi, pinnas: qua­<lb/>rum alteræ alteris &longs;itu &longs;unt oppo&longs;itæ, ut rota modo uer&longs;us ca&longs;tellum uer&longs;ari <lb/>po&longs;&longs;it, modo retro contrario motu. </s> <s>Axis quadrangulus e&longs;t et longus pedes <lb/>XXXV. cra&longs;&longs;us & latus pedes duos: cui po&longs;t rotam ad pedes &longs;ex &longs;unt quatu­<lb/>or orbes alti & cra&longs;&longs;i pedem: <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> unu&longs;qui&longs;que ab alio di&longs;tat pedibus qua­<lb/>tuor. </s> <s>Ad hos affixa &longs;unt clauis ferreis tot tigna, ut eos orbes omnes conte­<lb/>gant. </s> <s>Vt autem continenter collocari po&longs;sint, in &longs;ummo &longs;unt latiora, in imo <lb/>angu&longs;tiora: atque i&longs;to modo fit unum tympanum, circa quod uer&longs;atur catena <lb/>ductaria, cuius capitibus implicati &longs;unt unci bulgas prehendentes. </s> <s>Tale ue­<lb/>rò tympanum iccirco conficitur, ut axis integer maneat. </s> <s>Id enim cum u&longs;u de <lb/>teritur facile reparari pote&longs;t. </s> <s>Non longè præterea ab axis capite e&longs;t alterum <lb/>tympanum altum undique circum axem pedes duos, latum unum, huic har­<lb/>pago, quoties res po&longs;tulat, impactus machinam retinet: qui qualis &longs;it &longs;uprà <lb/>explicaui. </s> <s>Ad axem infundibuli loco e&longs;t tabulatum aliquantum decliue, ha <lb/>bens in fronte uenæ latitudinem quindecim pedum, & totidem in tergo: in <lb/>cuius utraque parte palus e&longs;t robu&longs;tus, habens catenam ferream, cui grandis <lb/>e&longs;t uncus. </s> <s>Hanc <expan abbr="machinã">machinam</expan> quinque homines gnbernant: unus qui fores demit <lb/>tens o&longs;tia ca&longs;telli occludit, & eo&longs;dem ad &longs;uperiorem partem trahens reclu­<lb/>dit. </s> <s>Atque rector ille machinæ iuxta ca&longs;tellum in loculamento pen&longs;ili con&longs;i­<lb/>&longs;tit. </s> <s>Itaque cum altera bulga iam ferè u&longs;que ad <expan abbr="tabulatũ">tabulatum</expan> decliue fuerit extracta. </s> <s><lb/>claudit o&longs;tium ut rota &longs;i&longs;tatur. </s> <s>Effu&longs;a autem bulga re&longs;erat alterum <expan abbr="o&longs;tiũ">o&longs;tium</expan>, ut <lb/>alteræ pinnæ ab impetu aquarum percu&longs;&longs;æ rotam in partem contrariam a­<lb/>gant. </s> <s>Quod &longs;i mox o&longs;tium occludere non pote&longs;t, & aquarum <expan abbr="fluxion&etilde;">fluxionem</expan> con <lb/>tinere, inclamat &longs;ocium atque eum iubet harpagonem &longs;ubleuatum alteri tym <lb/>pano impingere, atque &longs;ic rotam &longs;i&longs;tere. </s> <s>Duo uerò uici&longs;sim <expan abbr="effundũt">effundunt</expan> bulgas: <lb/>quorum alter &longs;tat in ea tabulati parte, quæ e&longs;t in fronte putei: alter in ea quæ <lb/>e&longs;t in dor&longs;o. </s> <s>Itaque &longs;i bulga iam ferè fuerit extracta, cuius rei &longs;ignum dat annu <lb/>lus quidam catenæ ductariæ, qui in altera tabulati parte con&longs;i&longs;tit: <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> har <lb/>pagonem, hoc e&longs;t grande ferrum uncinatum uni catenæ ductariæ annulo <lb/>implicat, & partem catenæ &longs;ub&longs;equentem omnem u&longs;que eò ad tabulatum tra <lb/>hit, dum bulga ab altero effundatur. </s> <s>Et quidem iccirco ut catenæ ductariæ <lb/>pars cum altera bulga uacua demi&longs;&longs;a &longs;uo pondere <expan abbr="reliquã">reliquam</expan> eiu&longs;dem catenæ <lb/>partem de axe non detrahat, totaque in puteum <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> incidat. </s> <s>Sed eiu&longs;dem labo <lb/>ris &longs;ocius cernens bulgam aquis plenam ferme e&longs;&longs;e extractam, inclamat ma­<lb/>chinæ rectorem, eumque iubet o&longs;tium ca&longs;telli claudere, ut &longs;pacium effunden <lb/>di habere po&longs;sit. </s> <s>Bulga effu&longs;a rector machinæ alterum ca&longs;telli <expan abbr="o&longs;tiũ">o&longs;tium</expan> primò <pb pagenum="157"/>aliquantum recludit, ut ea catenæ ductariæ pars cum bulga inani rur&longs;us in <lb/>puteum demittatur: deinde totum re&longs;erat. </s> <s>Itaque cùm iam pars catenæ ad ta <lb/>bulatum tracta rur&longs;um circumuoluta, tympano etiam ip&longs;a demi&longs;&longs;a fuerit in <lb/>puteum, extrahit uncum alterius harpagonis grandem, qui eum annulo ca­<lb/>tenæ implicauit. </s> <s>At quintus iuxta lacunam in fo&longs;&longs;a quadam latente <expan abbr="cõ&longs;i&longs;tit">con&longs;i&longs;tit</expan>: <lb/>ne, &longs;i contingat ut annnlo dirupto pars catenæ aut aliud quiddam decidat, <lb/>lædatur: is batillo ligneo & bulgam regit et aquas in eam ingerit, &longs;i &longs;ua &longs;pon <lb/>teip&longs;as non hau&longs;erit. </s> <s>Quoniam uerò nuncin &longs;upremam cuiu&longs;que bulgæ par <lb/>tem in&longs;uunt circulum ferreum ut &longs;emper pateat, & in lacunam immi&longs;&longs;a per <lb/>&longs;e ip&longs;a hauriat aquas, non opus e&longs;t ullo bulgarum gubernatore. </s> <s>Præterea <lb/>quia his temporibus eorum, qui in tabulato con&longs;i&longs;tunt, alter bulgam effun­<lb/>dit, alter uectibus demi&longs;sis o&longs;tia ca&longs;telli occludit, aut &longs;ur&longs;um tractis re&longs;erat: <lb/>idem <expan abbr="uncũ">uncum</expan> alterius harpagonis grandem annulo catenæ &longs;olet inijcere: quo­<lb/>modo tres tantum in hac machina <expan abbr="reg&etilde;da">regenda</expan> operas dant. </s> <s>Quinetiam quia in­<lb/>terdum is, qui effundit bulgam, priorem harpagonei. </s> <s><expan abbr="&longs;ubleuatũ">&longs;ubleuatum</expan> alteri tym <lb/>pano imprimens rotam &longs;i&longs;tit, duo omnem laborem &longs;ibi &longs;umunt.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>C<emph type="italics"/>astellum<emph.end type="italics"/> A. C<emph type="italics"/>analis<emph.end type="italics"/> B. V<emph type="italics"/>ectes<emph.end type="italics"/> C D. C<emph type="italics"/>anales &longs;ub <lb/>o&longs;tijs<emph.end type="italics"/> E F. P<emph type="italics"/>innæ duplices<emph.end type="italics"/> G H. A<emph type="italics"/>xis<emph.end type="italics"/> I. T<emph type="italics"/>ympa­<lb/>num maius<emph.end type="italics"/> K. C<emph type="italics"/>atena ductaria<emph.end type="italics"/> L. B<emph type="italics"/>ulga<emph.end type="italics"/> M. L<emph type="italics"/>ocus <lb/>lamentum pen&longs;ile<emph.end type="italics"/> N. R<emph type="italics"/>ector machinæ<emph.end type="italics"/> O. <lb/>V<emph type="italics"/>iri effundentes bulgas<emph.end type="italics"/> P <expan abbr="q.">que</expan></s></p><pb pagenum="158"/><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Sed de machinis tractorijs &longs;atis: <expan abbr="nũc">nunc</expan> <expan abbr="dicã">dicam</expan> de &longs;piritalib. </s> <s>Cùm puteus fuerit <lb/>ualde <expan abbr="profũdus">profundus</expan> ad <expan abbr="qu&etilde;">quem</expan> nullus cuniculus, nullaúe fo&longs;&longs;a <expan abbr="lat&etilde;s">latens</expan> ex altero puteo <lb/>pertinet: aut cuniculus <expan abbr="admodũ">admodum</expan> longus ad <expan abbr="qu&etilde;">quem</expan> nullus puteus pertingit, <expan abbr="tũc">tunc</expan> <lb/>aer, quòd extenuari <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> po&longs;&longs;it, fo&longs;&longs;orib. </s> <s>cra&longs;&longs;us offunditur, atque difficulter &longs;pi <pb pagenum="159"/>rant. </s> <s><expan abbr="Interdũ">Interdum</expan> <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> &longs;uffocantur: ardentes quoque lucernæ extinguuntur. </s> <s>Itaque<lb/>opus e&longs;t machinis, quas etiam Græci <foreign lang="greek">w_neumatika\s</foreign>, Latini &longs;piritales <expan abbr="appella-r&etilde;t">appella­<lb/>rent</expan>: et&longs;i <expan abbr="uoc&etilde;">uocem</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="mittũt">mittunt</expan>: nam ip&longs;æ <expan abbr="efficiũt">efficiunt</expan> ut fo&longs;&longs;ores ex facili &longs;pirare & opus <lb/><expan abbr="in&longs;titutũ">in&longs;titutum</expan> perficere po&longs;sint. </s> <s><expan abbr="Earũ">Earum</expan> tria &longs;unt genera. </s> <s>Primum uenti <gap/>latus exce­<lb/>ptos in <expan abbr="puteũ">puteum</expan> <expan abbr="deduc&etilde;s">deducens</expan> in tres &longs;pecies diuiditur: <expan abbr="quarũ">quarum</expan> prima &longs;ic &longs;e habet. </s> <s>Su <lb/>per <expan abbr="puteũ">puteum</expan>, ad <expan abbr="qu&etilde;">quem</expan> nullus cuniculus pertinet, tria tigna, quam puteus paulò <lb/>longiora, <expan abbr="collocãtur">collocantur</expan>: <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> &longs;uper eius <expan abbr="front&etilde;">frontem</expan>, <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> &longs;uper <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> <expan abbr="puteũ">puteum</expan>, <expan abbr="ter-tiũ">ter­<lb/>tium</expan> &longs;uper <expan abbr="eiu&longs;d&etilde;">eiu&longs;dem</expan> <expan abbr="tergũ">tergum</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Eorũ">Eorum</expan> capita <expan abbr="hab&etilde;t">habent</expan> foramina, in qua pali, ad <expan abbr="imũ">imum</expan> cune <lb/>atiores, immi&longs;&longs;i altius, pariter ac primæ machinæ tigna, in <expan abbr="terrã">terram</expan> <expan abbr="adigũtur">adiguntur</expan> ut <lb/>maneant immobilia. </s> <s>Quodque <expan abbr="illorũ">illorum</expan> <expan abbr="tignorũ">tignorum</expan> habet tres formas in quib. </s> <s>in­<lb/>clu&longs;a &longs;unt tria tigna tran&longs;uer&longs;aria: <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> <expan abbr="unũ">unum</expan> <expan abbr="dextrũ">dextrum</expan> putei latus occupat: <expan abbr="al-terũ">al­<lb/>terum</expan>, <expan abbr="&longs;ini&longs;trũ">&longs;ini&longs;trum</expan>: <expan abbr="tertiũ">tertium</expan>, <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> <expan abbr="puteũ">puteum</expan>. </s> <s>Ad hoc & ad illud <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan>, quod <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> &longs;uper <lb/><expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> <expan abbr="puteũ">puteum</expan> <expan abbr="collocatũ">collocatum</expan> e&longs;t, affiguntur a&longs;&longs;eres &longs;ic alte<gap/>nè coagmentati, ut &longs;em <lb/>per antecedentis <expan abbr="modicã">modicam</expan> <expan abbr="cõmi&longs;&longs;uram">commi&longs;&longs;uram</expan> &longs;equens obtineat: quo &longs;anè modo fi­<lb/>unt quatuor anguli et <expan abbr="totid&etilde;">totidem</expan> intermedia caua, quæ uentos undique flantes <expan abbr="cõ">com</expan> <lb/>cipiunt. </s> <s>Vtuerò ad &longs;uperiora &longs;ublati <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eluctentur, &longs;ed retrò ferantur, a&longs;&longs;e­<lb/>res operculo, in orbis <expan abbr="figurã">figuram</expan> formato, &longs;uperius tecti &longs;unt, inferius <expan abbr="pat&etilde;t">patent</expan>: qua <lb/>re uentis nece&longs;sitate <expan abbr="quadã">quadam</expan> putei quatuor i&longs;tis foraminib. </s> <s>in&longs;pirantur. </s> <s>Atta­<lb/>men id genus <expan abbr="machinã">machinam</expan> operculo tegere nece&longs;&longs;e <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> e&longs;t in his locis, in quibus <lb/>&longs;ic locari pote&longs;t, ut uentus per &longs;upremam eius partem flatum in&longs;piret.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>T<emph type="italics"/>igna &longs;trata<emph.end type="italics"/> A. P<emph type="italics"/>ali cuneati<emph.end type="italics"/> B. T<emph type="italics"/>igna tran&longs;uer&longs;aria<emph.end type="italics"/> C. A<emph type="italics"/>&longs;&longs;eres<emph.end type="italics"/> D. C<emph type="italics"/>aua<emph.end type="italics"/> E. <lb/>V<emph type="italics"/>enti<emph.end type="italics"/> F. O<emph type="italics"/>perculum<emph.end type="italics"/> G. P<emph type="italics"/>uteus<emph.end type="italics"/> H. M<emph type="italics"/>achina carens operculo<emph.end type="italics"/> I.</s></p><figure></figure><pb pagenum="160"/><p type="main"> <s>Secunda huius generis machina uenti flatus in puteum canali longo in­<lb/>ducit. </s> <s>Is ex quatuor a&longs;&longs;eribus toties coniunctis & coagmentatis, quoties al­<lb/>titudo putei hoc po&longs;tulat, in quadranguli <expan abbr="figurã">figuram</expan> formatur: eiusque <expan abbr="cõmi&longs;&longs;u-ræ">commi&longs;&longs;u­<lb/>ræ</expan> terra pingui & glutino&longs;a aquis madefacta <expan abbr="oblinũtur">oblinuntur</expan>: eiu&longs;dem canalis os <lb/>ex puteo uel extat, & quidem altitudine trium quatuorúe pedum: uel non <lb/>extat: &longs;i extat, &longs;peciem infundibuli quadranguli præ &longs;e ferens latius & paten <lb/>tius quàm ip&longs;e canalis e&longs;t, ut eò facilius flatum concipere po&longs;&longs;it: &longs;i non extat, <lb/>latius canali non e&longs;t, &longs;ed ad id è regione uenti &longs;pirantis a&longs;&longs;eres affiguntur, <lb/>qui flatum excipientes in ip&longs;um ingerunt.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>O<emph type="italics"/>s canalis extans<emph.end type="italics"/> A. A<emph type="italics"/>&longs;&longs;eres ad canalis os, quod non extat affixi<emph.end type="italics"/> B.</s></p><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Tertia ex fi&longs;tula uel fi&longs;tulis & ua&longs;e con&longs;tat: etenim &longs;uper <expan abbr="&longs;upremã">&longs;upremam</expan> <expan abbr="fi&longs;tulã">fi&longs;tulam</expan> <lb/>&longs;tatuitur uas <expan abbr="ligneũ">ligneum</expan> ligneis circulis <expan abbr="cinctũ">cinctum</expan>, <expan abbr="altũ">altum</expan> pedes quatuor, <expan abbr="latũ">latum</expan> tres: cu­<lb/>ius os <expan abbr="quadrangulũ">quadrangulum</expan>, quod &longs;emper patet, uenti <expan abbr="flatũ">flatum</expan> concipit, & eum uel una <lb/>fi&longs;tula in canalem <expan abbr="longũ">longum</expan>, uel plurib. </s> <s>in <expan abbr="puteũ">puteum</expan> deducit. </s> <s>Suprema fi&longs;tulæ pars <lb/>inclu&longs;a e&longs;t in orbe tam cra&longs;&longs;o, quàm ua&longs;is <expan abbr="fundũ">fundum</expan> e&longs;t: paulò minus lato, ut uas <lb/>circum ip&longs;um uer&longs;ari po&longs;sit. </s> <s>Ex orbe <expan abbr="tam&etilde;">tamen</expan> fi&longs;tula extans in cluditur in rotun <lb/>do foramine, quod e&longs;t in medio ua&longs;is fundo: qua parte ad <expan abbr="fi&longs;tulã">fi&longs;tulam</expan> affixus e&longs;t <lb/>axiculus &longs;tatutus, qui per uas ferè <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> <expan abbr="penetrãs">penetrans</expan> fertur in operculi, fundo <lb/>&longs;imillimi, foramen, inque eo includitur, <expan abbr="circũ">circum</expan> <expan abbr="qu&etilde;">quem</expan> <expan abbr="axiculũ">axiculum</expan> <expan abbr="immobil&etilde;">immobilem</expan> & fi&longs;tulæ <lb/><expan abbr="orb&etilde;">orbem</expan> uas mobile facillimè uer&longs;atur à leni aura <expan abbr="&longs;pirãte">&longs;pirante</expan>, <expan abbr="nedũ">nedum</expan> à uento, qui eius <lb/><expan abbr="alã">alam</expan> gubernat: ea ex tenuibus tabellis con&longs;tans ad <expan abbr="&longs;upremã">&longs;upremam</expan> ua&longs;is partem affi­<lb/>xa e&longs;t: & quidem è regione &longs;piritalis oris: quod e&longs;&longs;e quadrangulum & &longs;em­<pb pagenum="161"/>per patere dixi. </s> <s>Etenim uentus, ex <expan abbr="quacũque">quacunque</expan> mundi parte &longs;pirauerit, <expan abbr="alã">alam</expan> pro­<lb/>pul&longs;am rectà uer&longs;us partem ei aduer&longs;am extendit: quo modo uas os &longs;pirita­<lb/>le in ip&longs;um uentum obuertit: quod eius flatum concipit, eumque fi&longs;tula in ca­<lb/>nalem longum, uel fi&longs;tulis in puteum deducit.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>V<emph type="italics"/><gap/>s ligneum<emph.end type="italics"/> A. C<emph type="italics"/>irculi<emph.end type="italics"/> B. O<emph type="italics"/>s&longs;piritale<emph.end type="italics"/> C. F<emph type="italics"/>i&longs;tula<emph.end type="italics"/> D. O<emph type="italics"/>rbis<emph.end type="italics"/> E. <lb/>A<emph type="italics"/>xiculus<emph.end type="italics"/> F. F<emph type="italics"/>oramen quod e&longs;t <gap/> fundo ua&longs;is<emph.end type="italics"/> G. A<emph type="italics"/>l<gap/><emph.end type="italics"/> H.</s></p><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Alterum machinarum &longs;piritalium genus ex flabellis con&longs;tat, itemque uari­<lb/>um & multiplex e&longs;t: nam flabella uel in &longs;ucula includuntur, uel in axe. </s> <s>Si in <lb/>&longs;ucula, ea aut cauum tympanum, ex duabus rotis & pluribus tabulis inter &longs;e <lb/>coagmentatis compo&longs;itum, in &longs;e continet, aut quadrangulum loculamen­<lb/>tum. </s> <s>Sed <expan abbr="tympanũ">tympanum</expan> immobile, atque à lateribus clau&longs;um ibidem rotunda tan­<lb/>tummodo habet foramina: & <expan abbr="quid&etilde;">quidem</expan> tanta, ut &longs;ucula in eis uer&longs;ari po&longs;sit: &longs;ed <lb/>habet præterea duo &longs;piritalia foramina quadrangula: quorum &longs;uperius con <lb/>cipit auram: inferius canalis longus excipit, quo eadem in puteum induci­<lb/>tur. </s> <s>Suculæ autem capita utrinque ex tympano eminentia chelæ &longs;tipitum, uel <lb/>tignorum caua cra&longs;&longs;is laminis ferrata &longs;u&longs;tinent: quorum alterum habet ue­<lb/>ctem, in altero quatuor infixæ &longs;unt perticæ, quibus capita cra&longs;&longs;a & grauia <lb/>&longs;unt, ut eorum pondere &longs;ucula cùm circumagitur depre&longs;&longs;a ad motum proni <lb/>or fiat: itaque cùm operarius uecte uer&longs;at <expan abbr="&longs;uculã">&longs;uculam</expan>, flabella, quæ qualia &longs;int pau­<lb/>lò po&longs;t dicam, foramine &longs;piritali auram <expan abbr="hauri&etilde;tes">haurientes</expan> in alterum foramen, quod <lb/>excipit canalis longus, impellunt: quæ per eum penetrat in puteum.</s></p><pb pagenum="162"/><p type="caption"> <s>T<emph type="italics"/>ympanum<emph.end type="italics"/> A. L<emph type="italics"/>oculamentum<emph.end type="italics"/> B. F<emph type="italics"/>oramen &longs;piritale<emph.end type="italics"/> C. A<emph type="italics"/>lterum foramen<emph.end type="italics"/> D. <lb/>C<emph type="italics"/>analis longus<emph.end type="italics"/> E. S<emph type="italics"/>ucula<emph.end type="italics"/> F. E<emph type="italics"/>ius uectis<emph.end type="italics"/> G. P<emph type="italics"/>erticæ<emph.end type="italics"/> H.</s></p><figure></figure><pb pagenum="163"/><p type="main"> <s>Loculamento pror&longs;us eadem quæ tympano &longs;unt: &longs;ed alterum altero lon <lb/>gè præ&longs;tat. </s> <s>Etenim flabella <expan abbr="tympanũ">tympanum</expan> &longs;ic occupare po&longs;&longs;unt, ut ip&longs;um undique<lb/>ferè attingant, omnemque auram conceptam in canalem longum impellant: <lb/><expan abbr="loculamentũ">loculamentum</expan> propter angulos &longs;ic occupare non po&longs;&longs;unt: in quos quòd au­<lb/>ra partim recedat, ip&longs;um tam utile quàm tympanum e&longs;&longs;e <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> pote&longs;t. </s> <s>Verùm <lb/>loculamentum non humi modo locatur, &longs;ed etiam &longs;uper tigna, &longs;icuti mola, <lb/>quam uer&longs;ant uenti, &longs;tatuitur, habetque eius &longs;ucula loco uectis etiam extra i­<lb/>p&longs;um quatuor alas molæ alis &longs;imiles. </s> <s>Hæ impetu uentorum percu&longs;&longs;æ &longs;ucu­<lb/>lam circumagunt: quo modo eius flabella, quæ intra <expan abbr="loculamentũ">loculamentum</expan> &longs;unt, uen <lb/>tum, foramine &longs;piritali hau&longs;tum, per canalem <expan abbr="longũ">longum</expan> puteo in&longs;pirant. </s> <s>Quan <lb/>quam <expan abbr="aut&etilde;">autem</expan> huic machinæ nullo opus e&longs;t uectiario, cui merces per&longs;oluatur, <lb/>tamen quia cùm cælum &longs;ilet à uentis, ut &longs;æpè &longs;ilet, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> uer&longs;atur, minus quàm <lb/>cæteræ e&longs;t ad uentulum puteo faciendum accommodata.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>L<emph type="italics"/>oculamentum humi locatum<emph.end type="italics"/> A. E<emph type="italics"/>ius foramen &longs;piritale<emph.end type="italics"/> B. <lb/>E<emph type="italics"/>iu&longs;dem &longs;ucula habens flabella<emph.end type="italics"/> C. V<emph type="italics"/>ectis &longs;uculæ<emph.end type="italics"/> D. <lb/>E<emph type="italics"/>iu&longs;dem perticæ<emph.end type="italics"/> E. L<emph type="italics"/>oculamentum &longs;upra tigna &longs;tatutum<emph.end type="italics"/> F. <lb/>A<emph type="italics"/>læ quas &longs;ucula habet extra loculamentum<emph.end type="italics"/> G.</s></p><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Si uerò flabella includuntur in axe, ea plerunque <expan abbr="cauũ">cauum</expan> <expan abbr="tympanũ">tympanum</expan>, item im­<lb/>mobile capit: cui axi ex altera parte e&longs;t tympanum, quod ex fu&longs;is con&longs;tat: id <pb pagenum="164"/>inferioris axis tympanum dentatum circumagit, ip&longs;um à rota, cuius pinnas <lb/>aquarum impetus percutit, uer&longs;atum: &longs;i locus aquarum copiam &longs;uppeditat, <lb/>hanc machinam fabricari utili&longs;simum e&longs;t, & quòd nullo egeat uectiario, cui <lb/>merces danda &longs;it, & auram perpetuam puteo per longum canalem in&longs;piret.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>T<emph type="italics"/>ympanum cauum<emph.end type="italics"/> A. E<emph type="italics"/>ius foramen &longs;piritale<emph.end type="italics"/> B. A<emph type="italics"/>xis cuiflabella <lb/>&longs;unt<emph.end type="italics"/> C. E<emph type="italics"/>ius tympanum quod exfu&longs;is con&longs;tat<emph.end type="italics"/> D. A<emph type="italics"/>xis in­<lb/>ferior<emph.end type="italics"/> E. E<emph type="italics"/>ius tympanum dentatum<emph.end type="italics"/> F. R<emph type="italics"/>ota<emph.end type="italics"/> G.</s></p><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Flabellorum uerò, quæ in formis &longs;uculæ uel axis inclu&longs;a <expan abbr="tympanũ">tympanum</expan> & lo­<lb/>culamentum in &longs;e continent, tria &longs;unt genera: unum fit ex tenuibus tabulis, <lb/>altis & latis prout altitudo & latitudo tympani uel loculamenti po&longs;tulat: al <lb/>terum ex tabulis æquè latis, &longs;ed humilibus, ad quas tenuia & longa populi <lb/>uel alterius arboris lentæ re&longs;egmina &longs;unt affixa: tertium ex tabulis proxi­<lb/>mis &longs;imilibus, ad quas alæ <expan abbr="an&longs;erũ">an&longs;erum</expan> duplicatæ uel triplicatæ &longs;unt affixæ. </s> <s>Hoc <lb/>minus u&longs;itatum e&longs;t quàm &longs;ecundum: quod rur&longs;us minus quàm primum. </s> <s>In <lb/><expan abbr="cludũtur">cluduntur</expan> <expan abbr="aũt">aunt</expan> flabellorum tabulæ in quadrangulis &longs;uculæ uel axis partibus.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>P<emph type="italics"/>rimum flabellorum genus<emph.end type="italics"/> A. S<emph type="italics"/>ecundum<emph.end type="italics"/> B. T<emph type="italics"/>ertium<emph.end type="italics"/> C. <lb/>S<emph type="italics"/>uculæ pars quadrangula<emph.end type="italics"/> D. E<emph type="italics"/>iu&longs;dem r<gap/>t<gap/>nda<emph.end type="italics"/> E. V<emph type="italics"/>ectis<emph.end type="italics"/> F.</s></p><pb pagenum="165"/><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Tertium machinarum &longs;piritalium genus, non minus quàm &longs;ecundum ua <lb/>rium & multiplex, con&longs;tat ex follibus: quorum non flatu &longs;olum putei & cu <lb/>niculi canalibus longis uel fi&longs;tulis in&longs;pirantur, &longs;ed etiam hau&longs;tu à grauibus <lb/>& pe&longs;tilentibus halitibus purgantur. </s> <s>Hos diducti foraminibus &longs;piritalibus <lb/>per canales hauriunt & in &longs;e alliciunt, illum compre&longs;&longs;i per nares in canales <lb/>uel fi&longs;tulas in&longs;pirant: eos uerò uel homo comprimit, uel equus, uel impetus <lb/>aquæ. </s> <s>Si homo, &longs;uper canalem longum, ex puteo eminentem, &longs;ic ponitur & <lb/>ad tigna affigitur inferius follis magni tabulatum, ut, cùm flatum per cana­<lb/>lem in&longs;pirare debet, eius naris in ip&longs;o includatur: cùm graues uel pe&longs;tilentes <lb/>halitus haurire, canalis os follis foramen &longs;piritale undique <expan abbr="compreh&etilde;dat">comprehendat</expan>: &longs;ed <lb/>cum &longs;uperiore follis tabulato uectis copulatus, per medij axiculi formam, in <lb/>qua &longs;ic inclu&longs;us e&longs;t ut ea parte immobilis maneat, penetrans de&longs;cendit. </s> <s>Axi­<lb/>culi autem codaces ferrei in foraminibus tignorum &longs;tatutorum uer&longs;antur. </s> <s><lb/>Itaque cùm operarius uectem deprimit, &longs;uperius follis tabulatum attollitur, &longs;i <lb/>mul & fores &longs;piritalis foraminis &longs;piritu rapti aperiuntur: quomodo follis, &longs;i <lb/>naris eius in canali inclu&longs;a fuerit, aerem liberum in &longs;e allicit, &longs;in canalis os fo­<lb/>ramen eius &longs;piritale comprehenderit, graues uel pe&longs;tilentes halitus ex pu­<lb/>teo, centum & uiginti etiam pedes alto, trahit & canali haurit. </s> <s>Cùm uerò la­<lb/>pis in &longs;uperius tabulatum impo&longs;itus, id deprimit fores &longs;piritalis forami­<lb/>nis clauduntur, & follis priore modo aerem &longs;alubrem per narem canali <pb pagenum="166"/>in&longs;pirat: altero graues uel pe&longs;tilentes halitus conceptos per eandem narem <lb/>expirat. </s> <s>Quoniam uerò tunc aura &longs;alubris maiore putei parte intrat, fo&longs;&longs;o­<lb/>res, quòd ea fruantur, laborem &longs;u&longs;tinere po&longs;&longs;unt: nam putei minor <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> <lb/>pars, quæ in æ&longs;tuarij loco e&longs;t, ab altera maiore tabulis continentibus, & ex <lb/>&longs;ummo putei ad imum u&longs;que pertinentibus, <gap/>tinguenda e&longs;t: per quam cana <lb/>lis longus, &longs;ed angu&longs;tus, ferè ad imas putei fauces de&longs;cendit.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>P<emph type="italics"/>utei pars minor<emph.end type="italics"/> A. C<emph type="italics"/>analis quadrangulus<emph.end type="italics"/> B. <lb/>F<emph type="italics"/>ollis<emph.end type="italics"/> C. P<emph type="italics"/>utei pars maior<emph.end type="italics"/> D.</s></p><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Vbi uerò nullus puteus in eam altitudinem fuerit depre&longs;&longs;us, ut cunicu­<lb/>lum, longius in montem actum, attingat, fabricetur talis machina, quam <expan abbr="it&etilde;">item</expan> <lb/>operarius trahat: iuxta cuniculi canales, per quos aqua effluit, fi&longs;tulæ ligneæ <lb/>collocentur arctius connexæ, ut flatum continere po&longs;sint. </s> <s>Hæ ab ore cuni­<lb/>culi u&longs;que ad ultimam eius partem pertineant: ad quos os exi&longs;tat follis &longs;ic co<gap/><lb/>locatus, ut flatum conceptum per narem fi&longs;tulis, uel canali longo, in&longs;pirare <lb/>po&longs;sit. </s> <s>Quia enim alius flatus alium &longs;emper impellit, in <expan abbr="cuniculũ">cuniculum</expan> penetrans <lb/>aeris mutationes facit: quare fo&longs;&longs;ores in&longs;tituta perficere po&longs;&longs;unt.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>C<emph type="italics"/>uniculus<emph.end type="italics"/> A. F<emph type="italics"/>istulæ<emph.end type="italics"/> B. N<emph type="italics"/>aris duplicati follis<emph.end type="italics"/> C.</s></p><pb pagenum="167"/><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Sin halitus graues follibus è cuniculis hauriendi fuerint, <expan abbr="plerũque">plerunque</expan> tres du­<lb/>plicati uel triplicati, naribus carentes & priore parte clau&longs;i, in &longs;edilibus col­<lb/>locantur: quos operarius non aliter pedibus calcando <expan abbr="cõprimit">comprimit</expan>, ac cos qui <lb/>in templis &longs;unt ad organa, quæ uarios & dulces &longs;onos edunt. </s> <s>Follium <expan abbr="aut&etilde;">autem</expan> <lb/>qui&longs;que graues i&longs;tos halitus inferioris tabulati foramine &longs;piritali per canalem <lb/>longum tractos foramine tabulati &longs;uperioris expirat uel in aerem liberum, <lb/>uel in aliquem puteum, uel in fo&longs;&longs;am quampiam latentem. </s> <s>Hoc foramen fo <lb/>riculam habet, quam flatus noxius toties aperit, quoties exit. </s> <s>Quoniam ue­<lb/>rò aerem follibus tractum alius continenter &longs;ub&longs;equitur, non grauis modo <lb/>extrahitur ex cuniculo mille & ducentos pedes longo, aut etiam longiore, <lb/>&longs;ed &longs;alubris naturaliter ip&longs;um <expan abbr="cõ&longs;equens">con&longs;equens</expan> ii. </s> <s>eundem parte eius aperta, quæ <lb/>extra canalem illum <expan abbr="longũ">longum</expan> e&longs;t, trahitur. </s> <s>Quo modo cùm aeris mutationes <lb/>fiant, fo&longs;&longs;o<gap/>es laborem &longs;u&longs;ceptum &longs;u&longs;tinere po&longs;&longs;unt: quod genus machinæ <lb/>ni e&longs;&longs;ent <expan abbr="inu&etilde;tæ">inuentæ</expan>, metallici nece&longs;&longs;e haberent duos cuniculos in montem age­<lb/>re, & po&longs;t pedes &longs;ummùm ducentos &longs;emper puteum ex &longs;uperiore cuniculo <lb/>ad inferiorem pertinentem fodere, ut aer, qui in illum influxit, in hunc pute <lb/>is de&longs;cendens fo&longs;&longs;oribus &longs;alutaris e&longs;&longs;e po&longs;sit: quod &longs;ine magno impendio <lb/>perficere non po&longs;&longs;ent. </s> <s>At duas machinas &longs;upradictis a&longs;similes follibus equi <lb/>uer&longs;ant: quarum altera ad axem habet ligneum orbem, circumcirca gradi­<pb pagenum="168"/>bus di&longs;tinctum, quos equus in clau&longs;tris, &longs;imilibus his, in quæ equi &longs;olis fer­<lb/>reis calceandi induci &longs;olent, inclu&longs;us continenter, pedibus calcans orbe<gap/> &longs;i­<lb/>mul cum axe circumagit: cuius dentes longi deprimunt tigilla folles com­<lb/>primentia. </s> <s>Quale uerò &longs;it organum quod eos rur&longs;us diducit, & qualia &longs;unt <lb/>ip&longs;orum &longs;edilia libro nono planius explicabo. </s> <s>Follis autem qui&longs;que &longs;i graues <lb/>halitus ex cuniculo trahit, eos &longs;uperioris tabulati foramine expirat: &longs;in ex <lb/>puteo, eodem uel nare. </s> <s>Orbi præterea e&longs;t rotundum foramen, quod, cùm <lb/>machina &longs;i&longs;tenda e&longs;t, trude traijcitur. </s> <s>Altera uerò machina duos habet axes, <lb/>&longs;tatutum equus uer&longs;at: eius autem <expan abbr="tympanũ">tympanum</expan> dentatum circumagit axis &longs;tra­<lb/>ti tympanum, quod ex fu&longs;is con&longs;tat. </s> <s>Cæteris machina &longs;imilis e&longs;t proximæ: <lb/>hic etiam follium nares in canalibus longis collocatæ, flatum in puteum uel <lb/>cuniculum in&longs;pirant.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>M<emph type="italics"/>achina primo de&longs;cripta<emph.end type="italics"/> A. <lb/>O<emph type="italics"/>perarius i&longs;te pedibus caleans &longs;olles comprimit<emph.end type="italics"/> B. <lb/>F<emph type="italics"/>olles naribus carentes<emph.end type="italics"/> C. <lb/>F<emph type="italics"/>oramen quo graues halitus &longs;iue flatus expirant<emph.end type="italics"/> D. <lb/>C<emph type="italics"/>anales longi<emph.end type="italics"/> E. C<emph type="italics"/>uniculus<emph.end type="italics"/> F. <lb/>M<emph type="italics"/>achina &longs;ecundo de&longs;cripta<emph.end type="italics"/> G. <lb/>O<emph type="italics"/>rbis ligneus<emph.end type="italics"/> H. E<emph type="italics"/>ius gradus<emph.end type="italics"/> I. C<emph type="italics"/>laustra<emph.end type="italics"/> K. <lb/>E<emph type="italics"/>iu&longs;dem orbis foramen<emph.end type="italics"/> L. T<emph type="italics"/>rudes<emph.end type="italics"/> M. <lb/>M<emph type="italics"/>achina tertio de&longs;cripta<emph.end type="italics"/> N. <lb/>A<emph type="italics"/>xis &longs;tatutus<emph.end type="italics"/> O. E<emph type="italics"/>ius tympanum dentatum<emph.end type="italics"/> P. <lb/>A<emph type="italics"/>xis &longs;tratus<emph.end type="italics"/> <expan abbr="q.">que</expan> <lb/>E<emph type="italics"/>ius tympanum, quod ex fu&longs;is con&longs;tat<emph.end type="italics"/> R.</s></p><pb pagenum="169"/><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Vt <expan abbr="aũt">aunt</expan> hæc proxima machina grauiorem aerem putei & cuniculi emen­<lb/>dare pote&longs;t, ita etiam uetus ratio <expan abbr="euentillãdi">euentillandi</expan> a&longs;&longs;iduo linteorum iactatu, <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> <pb pagenum="170"/>explicauit Plinius. </s> <s>Aer enim non tantum ip&longs;a putei altitudine, cuius rei ille <lb/>mentionem facit, fit grauior, &longs;ed etiam cuniculi longitudine.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>C<emph type="italics"/>uniculus<emph.end type="italics"/> A. L<emph type="italics"/>inteum<emph.end type="italics"/> B.</s></p><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>At metallicorum machinæ &longs;can&longs;oriæ &longs;unt &longs;calæ, ad alterum putei latus af <lb/>fixæ: hæ pertinent uel ad cuniculum, uel ad &longs;olum putei: earum fabricam <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb/>nece&longs;&longs;e habeo tradere quòd omnibus in locis &longs;int u&longs;itatæ, & <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> tam artem, <lb/>cùm conficiuntur, requirant, quàm diligentiam cùm affiguntur. </s> <s>Verùm me <lb/>tallici non &longs;olùm &longs;calarum gradibus de&longs;cendunt in fodinas, &longs;ed etiam in&longs;i­<lb/>dentes in bacillo uel in crate, ad funem ductarium religata, in eas demittun­<lb/>tur trib. </s> <s>machinis tractorijs quas primo de&longs;crip&longs;i. </s> <s>Cùm præterea putei ual­<lb/>dè deuexi fuerint fo&longs;&longs;ores alijque operarij in&longs;identes in corio, circum lumbos <lb/>dependente, qua&longs;i deuehuntur non aliter ac pueri tempore hyberno, cùm <lb/>in aliquo colle aqua conglaciauerit frigoribus. </s> <s>Attamen ne decidant altero <lb/>brachio circundant funem extentum, qui &longs;uperius ad tignum, quod ad os <lb/>putei collocatur, religatus e&longs;t: inferius ad palum, in eius &longs;olo defixum. </s> <s>His <lb/>tribus modis metallici <expan abbr="de&longs;cendũt">de&longs;cendunt</expan> in puteos: quib. </s> <s>annumerari pote&longs;t quar­<lb/>tus: qui e&longs;t, cùm homines & equi per puteum, ut dixi, decliuem & cochleæ <lb/>in&longs;tar contortum gradibus in &longs;axo inci&longs;is de&longs;cendunt ad machinas &longs;ubter­<lb/>raneas: atque rur&longs;us a&longs;cendunt.</s></p><pb pagenum="171"/><p type="caption"> <s>D<emph type="italics"/>e&longs;cendens &longs;calis in puteos<emph.end type="italics"/> A. I<emph type="italics"/>n&longs;idens in bacillo<emph.end type="italics"/> B. <lb/>I<emph type="italics"/>n&longs;idens in corio<emph.end type="italics"/> C. D<emph type="italics"/>e&longs;cendens gradibus in &longs;axo inci&longs;is<emph.end type="italics"/> D.</s></p><figure></figure><pb pagenum="172"/><p type="main"> <s>Re&longs;tat de malis & morbis metallicorum ac de modis quibus &longs;ibi ab ip&longs;is <lb/>cauere po&longs;&longs;unt: nam &longs;emper maiorem rationem ualetudinis &longs;u&longs;tentandæ, <lb/>quàm lucri faciendi habere conuenit, ut liberè munerib. </s> <s>corporis fungi po&longs; <lb/>&longs;imus. </s> <s>Eorum <expan abbr="aũt">aunt</expan> malorum alia affligunt artus, alia lædunt pulmones, par­<lb/>tim oculos, quæ dam denique homines interimunt. </s> <s>Aqua in quibus puteis <lb/>ine&longs;t multa & frigidior crura uitiare &longs;olet: etenim frigus e&longs;t <expan abbr="inimicũ">inimicum</expan> neruis. </s> <s><lb/>Sed fo&longs;&longs;ores ad eam rem &longs;atis altos perones &longs;ibi comparent, qui crura tuean <lb/>tur ab aquarum frigore: cui <expan abbr="cõ&longs;ilio">con&longs;ilio</expan> qui non paruerit, is magno afficietur <expan abbr="in-cõmodo">in­<lb/>commodo</expan> ualetudinis: præ&longs;ertim cùm uixerit ad &longs;enectutem. </s> <s>Contra uerò a­<lb/>liquæ fodinæ adeo &longs;iccæ &longs;unt, ut pror&longs;us aqua careant: quæ ariditas maius <lb/>etiam malum dat operarijs: &longs;iquidem puluis, qui cietur & agitatur fo&longs;sioni­<lb/>bus, penetrans in a&longs;peram u&longs;que arteriam & pulmones, parit difficultatem an <lb/>helitus & uitium, quod <foreign lang="greek">a)_sqma</foreign> Græci nominant. </s> <s>Quod &longs;i uim corrodendi <lb/>habuerit, pulmones exulcerat, & tabem ingignit in corporibus: hinc in me­<lb/>tallis Carpati montis <expan abbr="inu&etilde;tæ">inuentæ</expan> &longs;unt mulieres, quæ <expan abbr="&longs;ept&etilde;">&longs;eptem</expan> uiris nup&longs;erunt: quos <lb/>omnes dira illa tabes immatura morte affecit. </s> <s>Aldebergi certe in Mi&longs;ena in <lb/>fodinis reperitur pompholyx nigra, quæ u&longs;que ad o&longs;&longs;a exedit uulnera, & ul­<lb/>cera. </s> <s>Ferrum quoque corrodit: atque ob id claui earum ca&longs;arum omnes &longs;unt li­<lb/>gnei. </s> <s>Quin etiam cadmiæ quoddam genus e&longs;t quod operariorum pedes, a­<lb/>quis madidos, itemque manus exedit: pulmones & oculos lædit. </s> <s>Fodientes <lb/>igitur &longs;ibi non modo perones comparent, &longs;ed chirothecas etiam ad <expan abbr="cubitũ">cubitum</expan> <lb/>u&longs;que altas: & ue&longs;icas laxas <expan abbr="illig&etilde;t">illigent</expan> faciei. </s> <s>Per has enim puluis neque trahetur ad <lb/>arteriam & pulmones, nec in oculos inuolabit: non di&longs;&longs;imiliter apud Roma <lb/>nos &longs;ibi cauebant minij confectores, ne puluerem eius lethalem haurirent. </s> <s><lb/>Tum <expan abbr="difficultat&etilde;">difficultatem</expan> anhelitus parit aer immobilis manens tam in puteo quàm <lb/>in cuniculo: cui malo remedia &longs;unt machinæ &longs;piritales, quas paulò antè ex­<lb/>po&longs;ui. </s> <s>Sed e&longs;t aliud malum magis pe&longs;tiferum, quodque homini mox affert <lb/>necem: in quibus puteis, uel fo&longs;sis latentibus, uel cuniculis duricies <expan abbr="&longs;axorũ">&longs;axorum</expan> <lb/>igni frangitur, in his aer inficitur ueneno: &longs;iquidem uenæ & uenulæ <expan abbr="cõmi&longs;-&longs;uræque">commi&longs;­<lb/>&longs;uræque</expan> &longs;axorum exhalant &longs;ubtile quoddam uirus, ignis ui expre&longs;&longs;um ex re­<lb/>bus metallicis alijsque fo&longs;silibus: quod ip&longs;um cum fumo &longs;ubleuatur, non ali­<lb/>ter ac pompholy<gap/>, quæ in officinis, in quibus uenæ metallicæ <expan abbr="excoquũtur">excoquuntur</expan>, <lb/>ad &longs;uperiorem parietis partem adhære&longs;cit: id &longs;i ex terra euolare nequiuerit, <lb/>&longs;ed deciderit in lacunas, atque eis innatauerit, <expan abbr="periculũ">periculum</expan> conflare &longs;olet. </s> <s>Etenim <lb/>&longs;i quando aqua iactu lapidis aut alterius rei <expan abbr="cõmota">commota</expan> fuerit, rur&longs;us ex ip&longs;is la­<lb/>cunis euolat: itaque &longs;piritu ductum homines inficit: &longs;ed idem magis efficit fu­<lb/>mus igni nondum extincto. </s> <s>Corpora autem animantium i&longs;to ueneno infe­<lb/>cta plerunque continuo turge&longs;cunt, & omnem motum ac &longs;en&longs;um amittunt, <lb/>&longs;ineque dolore intereunt. </s> <s>Homines etiam ex puteis &longs;calarum gradibus a&longs;cen­<lb/>dentes, ubi uirus incrementum &longs;ump&longs;erit, rur&longs;us in eos decidunt: quia ma­<lb/>nus non faciunt &longs;uum officium globo&longs;æque & rotundæ ip&longs;is uidentur e&longs;&longs;e, i­<lb/>temque pedes. </s> <s>Aut &longs;i bona fortuna parumper læ&longs;i ex his malis eua&longs;erint, palli <lb/>di &longs;unt & &longs;imiles mortuorum. </s> <s>Itaque tunc nemo in eam ip&longs;am fodinam uel in <lb/>proximas de&longs;cendat: aut &longs;i fuerit in eis, a&longs;cendat ocyus. </s> <s>Prouidi certè &longs;oler­<lb/>tesque fo&longs;&longs;ores die Veneris ad ue&longs;petam incendunt &longs;truem <expan abbr="lignorũ">lignorum</expan>: nec ante <pb pagenum="173"/>diem Lunæ rur&longs;us in puteos de&longs;cendunt, aut ingrediuntur in cuniculos. </s> <s>In­<lb/>terea uis illa fumi uiro&longs;i euane&longs;cit. </s> <s>E&longs;t etiam ubi ratio cum Orco habetur: <lb/>nam quidam loci metallici, licet rari &longs;int, &longs;ua &longs;ponte uirus gignunt, pe&longs;tilen­<lb/>temque auram exhalant: &longs;icut etiam quædam uenarum cauernæ, &longs;ed hæ &longs;æpi <lb/>us graues halitus in &longs;e continent. </s> <s>Ad Planam Boemiæ oppidum &longs;unt non­<lb/>nulli &longs;pecus qui quibu&longs;dam anni temporibus halitum ex acidulis emittunt <lb/>lucernas re&longs;tinguentem, & fo&longs;&longs;ores, diutius in eis morantes, necantem. </s> <s>Pli­<lb/>nius quoque <expan abbr="&longs;criptũ">&longs;criptum</expan> reliquit: Depre&longs;&longs;is puteis &longs;ulfurata uel alumino&longs;a occur­<lb/>rentia putearios necant, experimentum huius periculi demi&longs;&longs;a <expan abbr="ard&etilde;s">ardens</expan> lucer­<lb/>na &longs;i extinguatur: tunc &longs;ecundum puteum dextra ac &longs;ini&longs;tra fodiuntur æ&longs;tu <lb/>aria, quæ grauiorem illum halitum recipiant. </s> <s>Verum Planæ con&longs;truunt fol <lb/>les, qui graues i&longs;tos halitus <expan abbr="hauri&etilde;tes">haurientes</expan> huic malo medentur, de quibus &longs;uprà <lb/>dixi. </s> <s>Quinetiam interdum operarij de &longs;calis in puteos delap&longs;i brachia, cru­<lb/>ra, ceruices frangunt, aut decidentes in lacunas &longs;uffocantur: plerunque uerò <lb/>in cau&longs;a e&longs;t negligentia præ&longs;idis: cuius e&longs;t proprium munus & &longs;calas ita ue­<lb/>hementer ad tigna affigere ut non abrumpantur, & lacunas, ad quas putei <lb/>pertinent, ita firmè a&longs;&longs;eribus contegere, ne ip&longs;is motis homines decidant in <lb/>aquas: quocirca præ&longs;es diligenter &longs;uum munus exequatur: tum ianua ca&longs;æ <lb/>non uergat in aquilonem, ne tempore hyberno &longs;calæ frigoribus congelent: <lb/>nam id ubi factum fuerit, manus frigore rigentes, uel lubricæ &longs;uum tene<gap/>di <lb/>officium facere non po&longs;&longs;unt: ip&longs;i etiam homines &longs;int prouidi, ne, &longs;i nihil ho­<lb/>rum fuerit, &longs;ua cadant incuria. </s> <s>Concidunt præterea montes, eaque ruina op­<lb/>pre&longs;si homines intereunt. </s> <s>Certè cum quondam Go&longs;clariæ Ramesbergum <lb/>de&longs;edi&longs;&longs;et, ruinis tot homines &longs;unt oppre&longs;&longs;i, ut uno die circiter quadringen­<lb/>tas fœminas uiris orbatas e&longs;&longs;e annales loquantur: et ab hinc annos undecim <lb/>Aldebergi &longs;uffo&longs;&longs;i montis pars re&longs;oluta re&longs;edit, & &longs;ex fo&longs;&longs;ores improui&longs;ò <lb/>oppre&longs;&longs;it: ab&longs;orbuit <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ca&longs;am atque unà matrem cum filiolo. </s> <s>Id <expan abbr="aũt">aunt</expan> plerunque<lb/>his accidit montibus, quibus uenæ &longs;unt cumulatæ. </s> <s>Itaque fo&longs;&longs;ores <expan abbr="relinquãt">relinquant</expan> <lb/>fornices crebros montibus &longs;u&longs;tinendis, aut &longs;ub&longs;tructiones faciant. </s> <s>Saxum <lb/>quoque abruptum articulos atterit: quod ne fiat metallici &longs;tructuris nece&longs;&longs;a­<lb/>rijs puteos, cuniculos, fo&longs;&longs;as latentes fulcire debent. </s> <s>At in no&longs;tris fodinis <lb/>non e&longs;t &longs;olifuga, quam Sardinia gignit. </s> <s>Animal e&longs;t, ut Solinus &longs;cribit, perex <lb/>iguum &longs;imileque araneis forma: &longs;olifuga dicta, quod diem fugiat. </s> <s>In metallis <lb/>argentarijs plurima e&longs;t: occultim reptat, & per imprudentiam &longs;uper&longs;edenti­<lb/>bus pe&longs;tem facit. </s> <s>Sed, ut idem ait, fontes calidi & &longs;alubres aliquot locis effer <lb/>ue&longs;cunt, qui abolent à &longs;olifugis in&longs;ertum uenenum. </s> <s>Sed in quibu&longs;dam fo <lb/>dinis no&longs;tris, quanquam perpaucis, e&longs;t alia pe&longs;tis & pernicies: dæmones &longs;ci <lb/>licet a&longs;pectu truci: de quibus dixi in libro De &longs;ubterraneis animantibus in­<lb/>&longs;cripto: quod genus <expan abbr="dæmonũ">dæmonum</expan> precibus & ieiunijs pellitur ac fugatur. </s> <s>Quæ <lb/>dam autem ex his malis atque aliæ quædam res cau&longs;a &longs;unt, cur putei amplius <lb/>fodi non &longs;oleant. </s> <s>Itaque prima & poti&longs;&longs;ima cau&longs;a e&longs;t, quòd non &longs;int fœcundi <lb/><expan abbr="metallorũ">metallorum</expan>, aut &longs;i ad aliquot pa&longs;&longs;us fœcundi fuerint, quod in profundo &longs;int <lb/>&longs;teriles. </s> <s>Secunda affluentis aquæ multitudo: quam neque metallici po&longs;&longs;unt <lb/>deriuare in cuniculos, quia tam altè in montes agi non po&longs;sint: neque machi­<lb/>nis extrahere, quod putei &longs;int admodum profundi: aut &longs;i po&longs;&longs;ent eam extra­<pb pagenum="174"/>here machinis, quod ip&longs;is non utantur: nimirum quòd impen&longs;æ &longs;int maio­<lb/>res quàm pauperioris uenæ fructus. </s> <s>Tertia e&longs;t aer grauis, quem <expan abbr="interdũ">interdum</expan> do­<lb/>mini non arte, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> &longs;umptu emendare & corrigere po&longs;&longs;unt: quam ob cau&longs;am <lb/>fo&longs;&longs;io non puteorum tantum, &longs;ed etiam cuniculorum de&longs;eritur. </s> <s>Quarta <lb/>uirus in &longs;ingulari loco genitum, &longs;i id funditus tollere, uel leuius facere in no <lb/>&longs;tra pote&longs;tate non fuerit: ea de re &longs;pecus ad Planam Laurentius dictus non <lb/>fodi &longs;olebat, cùm argento non careret. </s> <s>Quinta dæmon truculentus & ho <lb/>micida: etenim ab eo, &longs;i expelli non po&longs;sit, nemo non fugit. </s> <s>Sexta, &longs;ub&longs;tru <lb/>ctiones &longs;i labefactatæ conciderint: eas enim ruina montis &longs;equi &longs;olet. </s> <s>Sub­<lb/>&longs;tructiones autem tunc &longs;olum re&longs;tituuntur, cùm uena admodum diues me­<lb/>talli fuerit. </s> <s>Septima motus bellici: propter quos ni&longs;i certò con&longs;tet fo&longs;&longs;o­<lb/>res de&longs;erui&longs;&longs;e puteos & cuniculos, reficiendi non &longs;unt. </s> <s>Non enim credamus <lb/>maiores no&longs;tros tam inertes & ignauos fui&longs;&longs;e, ut fo&longs;&longs;iones, quæ potuerint <lb/>fieri cum fructu, reliquerint. </s> <s>No&longs;tris profecto temporibus non pauci metal <lb/>lici, cùm anilibus fabulis per&longs;ua&longs;i refeci&longs;&longs;ent puteos de&longs;ertos, operam & ole <lb/>um perdiderunt: ne igitur po&longs;teritas acta agat, ex re eius erit in tabulas refer <lb/>re, <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> ob cau&longs;am cuiu&longs;que putei uel cuniculi fo&longs;&longs;io relicta &longs;it. </s> <s>Id quod quon­<lb/>dam Fribergi factum e&longs;&longs;e con&longs;tat puteis de&longs;ertis propter copiam & affluen <lb/>tiam aquarum.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>De re Metallica Libri VI. FINIS.</s></p><p type="head"> <s>GEORGII AGRICO­<lb/>LAE DE RE METALLICA <lb/>LIBER SEPTIMVS.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Sextvs liber de&longs;crip&longs;it ferramenta, ua&longs;a, machi­<lb/>nas, hic uenarum experiendarum rationes de&longs;cri­<lb/>bet: eas enim effo&longs;&longs;as, ut utiliter excoqui, et ex ip&longs;is <lb/>à <expan abbr="recrem&etilde;to">recremento</expan> purgatis metalla pura confici po&longs;&longs;int, <lb/>operæprecium e&longs;t prius experiri. </s> <s>Sed talis experi­<lb/>menti quanquam mentio facta e&longs;t à &longs;criptoribus, <lb/>tamen nemo ex illis præcepta eius memoriæ tra­<lb/>didit: quocirca mirum non e&longs;t &longs;i ætate po&longs;teriores <lb/>nihil de eo &longs;crip&longs;erint. </s> <s>Metallici certè ex i&longs;tius ge­<lb/>neris experimento cogno&longs;cunt de uenis utrum aliquod quodpiam metal­<lb/>lum, an nullum in &longs;e contineant: aut, &longs;i ip&longs;æ nobis indicia unius metalli uel <lb/>plurium o&longs;tenderint, multum an paucum in eis in&longs;it: qua ratione <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> unius <lb/>uenæ partes metalli participes, ab his, quæ eius expertes &longs;unt, &longs;eparari po&longs;­<lb/>&longs;unt. </s> <s>Atque illæ rur&longs;us, in quibus multum e&longs;t ab his in quibus paucum. </s> <s>Ni&longs;i <lb/>enim hoc antea, quàm ex uenis conflentur metalla, diligenter factum fuerit, <lb/>non &longs;ine magno dominorum detrimento excoquentur. </s> <s>Nam partes uena­<pb pagenum="175"/>rum, quæ non facile igni lique&longs;cunt, metalla ad &longs;e rapiunt, uel ea <expan abbr="cõ&longs;umunt">con&longs;umunt</expan>. </s> <s><lb/>Hoc modo cum fumo euolant, altero cum recremento & cadmia <expan abbr="cõmi&longs;cen">commi&longs;cen</expan> <lb/>tur: quo domini operam perdunt, quam po&longs;uerunt in fornacibus atque cati­<lb/>nis præparandis, & eos nouas impen&longs;as in eiu&longs;modi recrementa & cæteras <lb/>res facere nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t. </s> <s>Verum metalla iam excocta experiri &longs;olemus, ut explo <lb/>ratum habere po&longs;&longs;imus quota <expan abbr="arg&etilde;ti">argenti</expan> portio in&longs;it in centumpondio æris uel <lb/>plumbi: aut quotam auri particulam libra argenti in &longs;e contineat. </s> <s>Et contrà <lb/>quotam æris uel plumbi portionem habeat <expan abbr="arg&etilde;ti">argenti</expan> <expan abbr="centũpondium">centumpondium</expan>: aut quo <lb/>ta argenti particula &longs;it in auri libra: atque ex ea re conijcere licet, utiliter po&longs;&longs;it <lb/>necne metallum precio&longs;um à uili &longs;ecerni: quin etiam tale experimentum do <lb/>cet utrum nummi boni &longs;int an adulterini, manife&longs;toque deprehendit argen­<lb/>tum, &longs;i eius plus quàm fuerit iu&longs;tum, monetarij mi&longs;cuerint auro: aut æs, &longs;i ei­<lb/>us plus, quàm fas &longs;it, ijdem temperauerint cum auro uel argento: <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> o­<lb/>mnium rationem quàm potero, diligenti&longs;simè explicabo. </s> <s>Venarum <expan abbr="aũt">aunt</expan> <lb/>experimentum, quod &longs;olis metallicis utile e&longs;t, ab excoctione differt &longs;ola ma <lb/>teriæ paucitate: etenim <expan abbr="coqu&etilde;do">coquendo</expan> paucam di&longs;cimus, utrum excoctio multæ <lb/>nobis lucrum dabit an damnum, ni&longs;i enim metallici &longs;tudio incumberent in <lb/>eam <expan abbr="experi&etilde;di">experiendi</expan> rationem, qua utuntur, ex uenis, ut iam dixi, metalla <expan abbr="interdũ">interdum</expan> <lb/>cum detrimento, interdum &longs;ine ullo emolumento excoquerent: nam expe­<lb/>riri uenas impen&longs;is admodum exiguis, excoquere <expan abbr="tantũmodo">tantummodo</expan> magnis po&longs;­<lb/>&longs;umus. </s> <s>Simili autem modo fiunt. </s> <s>Primùm enim ut uenas experimur in for­<lb/>nacula, &longs;ic ea&longs;dem excoquimus in fornace. </s> <s>Deinde utrobique non ligna, &longs;ed <lb/>carbones incenduntur: tum ut in catillo fictili, cùm uenas experimur, metal <lb/>la quæ in ip&longs;is in&longs;unt, &longs;i aurum, argentum, æs, plumbum fuerint, iu&longs;ti&longs;&longs;imè <lb/>mi&longs;centur, ita in primis fornacibus, cùm eædem excoquuntur, permi&longs;ceri &longs;o <lb/>lent. </s> <s>Præterea ut hi, qui uenas explorant igni, metallum uel liquidum effun <lb/>dentes, uel frigefactum fracto catillo terreno purgant à recrementis, ita ex­<lb/>coctores quàmprimum metallum è fornace defluxerit in catinum, <expan abbr="frigidã">frigidam</expan> <lb/>infundentes, ab eo rutris auferunt recrementa. </s> <s>Po&longs;tremò ut in catillo ci <lb/>nereo aurum uel argentum à plumbo &longs;eparatur, ita quoque in &longs;ecundis forna <lb/>cibus. </s> <s>Sed artificem <expan abbr="experi&etilde;dæ">experiendæ</expan> uenæ uel metalli nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t paratum, & in­<lb/>&longs;tructum rebus nece&longs;&longs;arijs ad experimentum uenire: atque fores conclauis, in <lb/>quo &longs;tatuta e&longs;t fornacula, claudere, ne quis intempe&longs;tiuè accedens mentem <lb/>eius, in operas intentam, perturbet: libram præterea in &longs;uo loculamento col <lb/>locare, ut ea, cùm ip&longs;e ma&longs;&longs;ulas metallorum ponderat, flatu uentorum huc <lb/>& illuc agitari <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> po&longs;&longs;it: is enim arti e&longs;t impedimento. </s> <s>Verùm res &longs;ingulas, <lb/>ad experimentum nece&longs;&longs;arias, de&longs;cribam exor&longs;us à fornaculis: quarum alia <lb/>ab alia differt figura, materia, loco in quo collocatur: figura quidem quòd <lb/>&longs;it teres uel quadrangula. </s> <s>Atque hæc magis e&longs;t ad uenas experiendas accom­<lb/>modata.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>F<emph type="italics"/>ornacula teres.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><pb pagenum="176"/><figure></figure><p type="caption"> <s>F<emph type="italics"/>ornacula quadrangula.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Materia uerò <expan abbr="differũt">differunt</expan> fornaculæ, quòd alia &longs;it lactericia, alia ferrea, quæ­<lb/>dam fictilis. </s> <s>Lactericia extruitur in camini foco, alto pedes tres & dimi <expan abbr="diũ">dium</expan>: <lb/>ferrea in eodem collocatur, &longs;imiliter fictilis. </s> <s>Sed latericia e&longs;t alta <expan abbr="cubitũ">cubitum</expan>, in­<lb/>tus lata <expan abbr="ped&etilde;">pedem</expan>, longa <expan abbr="ped&etilde;">pedem</expan> & duos digitos: cùm è foco a&longs;&longs;urrexerit ad quinque<lb/>digitos, quæ laterum <expan abbr="crudorũ">crudorum</expan> cra&longs;&longs;itudo e&longs;&longs;e &longs;olet, &longs;uper lateres locatur bra <lb/>ctea ferrea, luto &longs;uperius oblita, ne propter uim ignium detrimentum acci­<lb/>piat. </s> <s>In fronte fornaculæ &longs;upra bracteam e&longs;t os, altum palmum, <expan abbr="latũ">latum</expan> quin que<pb pagenum="177"/>digitos, &longs;uperiori parte <expan abbr="rotũdum">rotundum</expan>. </s> <s>At bractea habet tria foramina, in utroque<lb/>latere unum, tertium in po&longs;teriori eius parte: quæ lata &longs;unt digitum, longa <lb/>tres digitos: per ea tum cinis ex carbonibus candentibus decidit, tum &longs;pirat <lb/>flatus penetrans in cameram, quæ &longs;ub ip&longs;a bractea e&longs;t: itaque is flatus ignem <lb/>excitat. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quã">Quam</expan> ob rem hæc fornacula, quam metallici propter u&longs;um ab expe­<lb/>riendo appellant, apud chymi&longs;tas ex uento nomen inuenit: uerum bracteæ <lb/>ferreæ pars, quæ è fornacula extat & eminet longa e&longs;&longs;e &longs;olet dodrantem, la­<lb/>ta palmum. </s> <s>In ea carbunculi locati expeditè in fornaculam per ip&longs;ius os for <lb/>cipe imponuntur, rur&longs;usque, &longs;i res hoc po&longs;tulat, ex fornacula exempti in ea­<lb/>dem reponuntur.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>B<emph type="italics"/>racteæ foramina<emph.end type="italics"/> A. E<emph type="italics"/>iu&longs;dem pars quæ extat e fornacula<emph.end type="italics"/> B.</s></p><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Ferrea autem fornacula con&longs;tat ex quatuor bacillis ferreis, altis &longs;e&longs;quipe­<lb/>dem, inferius parumper diuaricatis & latis ut firmius &longs;tare po&longs;&longs;int: ex quo­<lb/>rum duobus prior fornaculæ pars, ex duobus po&longs;terior efficitur: cum i&longs;tis <lb/>bacillis utriu&longs;que partis conglutinata & conferruminata &longs;unt bacilla ferrea <lb/>tran&longs;uer&longs;aria, numero tria: prima ubi ad altitudinem palmi a&longs;&longs;urrexerunt: <lb/>&longs;ecunda ubi ad altitudinem pedis: tertia in &longs;umma eorum parte. </s> <s>Recta <lb/>quidem bacilla ca parte perforata &longs;unt, qua cum ip&longs;is conglutinantur <lb/>tran&longs;uer&longs;aria, ut à lateribus in ea includi po&longs;sint alia bacilla ferrea &longs;imi­<lb/>liter utrinque tria numero. </s> <s>Itaque duodecim &longs;unt bacilla tran&longs;uer&longs;aria, <lb/>quæ tres efficiunt ordines, imparibus interuallis di&longs;tinctos: etenim ab u­<lb/>no bacillo recto ad alterum in infimo ordine e&longs;t interuallum unius pedis & <lb/>quinque digitorum. </s> <s>At in medio inter priora <expan abbr="quid&etilde;">quidem</expan> bacilla & po&longs;teriora e&longs;t <lb/>&longs;pacium trium palmorum & unius digiti. </s> <s>Laterum uerò bacilla inter &longs;e di­<lb/>&longs;tant tribus palmis et <expan abbr="totid&etilde;">totidem</expan> digitis: &longs;ed in &longs;upremo ordine inter priora qui­<lb/>dem bacilla et po&longs;teriora e&longs;t interuallum duorum palmorum, inter laterum <lb/>uerò bacilla trium, ut i&longs;to modo fornacula in &longs;umma parte fiat angu&longs;tior: <pb pagenum="178"/>quin etiam ferreum <expan abbr="bacillũ">bacillum</expan>, in oris &longs;peciem formatum, in infimo prioris par <lb/>tis bacillo includitur: quod os æquè ac lactericiæ fornaculæ, altum e&longs;t pal­<lb/>mum, latum quinque digitos. </s> <s>Tum prius infimi ordinis bacillum tran&longs;uer&longs;a­<lb/>rium ad <expan abbr="utrũque">utrunque</expan> oris latus perforatum e&longs;t, &longs;imilique modo po&longs;terius: per quæ <lb/>foramina penetrant duo baccilla ferrea, quæ cùm ip&longs;a, tum quatuor infi­<lb/>mi ordinis bacilla &longs;u&longs;tinent bracteam <expan abbr="ferreã">ferream</expan> luto oblitam: cuius etiam pars <lb/>è fornacula extat: inferiora quoque fornaculæ latera ab infimo bacillorum or <lb/>dine u&longs;que ad &longs;upremum bracteis ferreis teguntur: quæ filis ferreis <expan abbr="affigũtur">affiguntur</expan> <lb/>ad bacilla, lutoque oblinuntur, ut quàm diuti&longs;&longs;ime uim ignium ferre po&longs;&longs;int. </s> <s><lb/>At fictilem fornaculam ex terra pingui & &longs;pi&longs;&longs;a & mediocri, quod ad molli <lb/>tudinem et duriciem attinet, fingere conuenit. </s> <s>Ea uerò ferè eandem habet al <lb/>titudinem quam &longs;errea: eiusque pes con&longs;tat ex duabus tabulis fictilibus, lon­<lb/>gis pedem & tres palmos, latis pedem & palmum. </s> <s>Vtriu&longs;que <expan abbr="aũt">aunt</expan> tabulæ par­<lb/>tis prioris utrunque latus &longs;ic &longs;en&longs;im e&longs;t reci&longs;um ad palmi <expan abbr="longitudin&etilde;">longitudinem</expan>, ut tan­<lb/>tummodo latum fiat &longs;emipedem & digitum: quæ pars eminet è fornacula. </s> <s><lb/>Sed tabulæ &longs;unt cra&longs;&longs;æ ferè &longs;e&longs;quidigitum: &longs;imiliter fictiles parietes, qui ad <lb/>digitum tran&longs;uer&longs;um à margine <expan abbr="&longs;tatuũtur">&longs;tatuuntur</expan> &longs;uper inferiorem tabulam, quique<lb/>&longs;uperiorem eodem modo &longs;u&longs;tinent. </s> <s>Sunt uerò parietes alti tres digitos, ha­<lb/>bentes foramina quatuor, quæ &longs;ingula alta &longs;unt circiter ternos digitos: &longs;ed <lb/>po&longs;terioris quidem partis & utriu&longs;que lateris lata &longs;unt quinque digitos: prio­<lb/>ris uerò latum e&longs;t &longs;e&longs;quipalmum, ut eò <expan abbr="cõmodius">commodius</expan> in ip&longs;um pedem, cùm <expan abbr="cõ-caluerit">con­<lb/>caluerit</expan> imponi po&longs;&longs;int catilli cinerei nuper facti, ibique exiccari. </s> <s><expan abbr="Verũ">Verum</expan> utraque<lb/>tabula ideo exteriori parte filo ferreo, in <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> <expan abbr="im&ptilde;&longs;&longs;o">impn&longs;&longs;o</expan>, uincitur, ut minus <expan abbr="frãga-tur">franga­<lb/>tur</expan>: utraque <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> aliter ac bractea ferrea, iccirco tria habet foramina longa <lb/>tres digitos, lata digitum, ut cùm &longs;uperior propter ignium uim, aut propter <lb/>aliam cau&longs;am uitium fecerit, inferior pede inuer&longs;o in eius <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> &longs;uccedat: per <lb/>ea foramina & cinis ex prunis, ut dixi, decidit, & fornaculæ in&longs;piratur aura <lb/>penetrans in cameram per parietum foramina. </s> <s>Ip&longs;a uerò fornacula quadran <lb/>gula e&longs;t: inferiori eius parte intus lata palmos tres & digitum unum, longa <lb/>palmos tres & totidem digitos: &longs;uperiori lata palmos duos & digitos tres, <lb/>ut etiam ip&longs;a fiat angu&longs;tior: Alta autem e&longs;t pedem. </s> <s>Po&longs;terior <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> eius pars <lb/>inferius in medio exci&longs;a e&longs;t in modum &longs;emicirculi, qui &longs;it &longs;emidigitum altus: <lb/>pari modo latus utrunque: atque non &longs;ecus ac fornacula in priori eius parte ha <lb/>bet os &longs;uperius <gap/>otundum, altum palmum, latum palmum & <expan abbr="digitũ">digitum</expan>: cuius <lb/>fores fene&longs;trati etiam ex terra &longs;unt, habentque an&longs;am. </s> <s>Quin operculum forna <lb/>culæ ex terra factum &longs;uam habet an&longs;am, filoque ferreo uincitur: tum ip&longs;ius for <lb/>naculæ exteriorem <expan abbr="part&etilde;">partem</expan> utranque & latus utrunque fila ferrea <expan abbr="uinciũt">uinciunt</expan>: ex qui­<lb/>bus impre&longs;&longs;is triangulorum formæ &longs;olent effici. </s> <s>Fornaculæ <expan abbr="aũt">aunt</expan> latericiæ <lb/>manent ac fixæ &longs;unt, fictiles uerò & ferreæ ex uno loco portantur ad <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan>: <lb/>atque latericiæ citius parari po&longs;&longs;unt, ferreæ magis durant, fictiles &longs;unt aptio­<lb/>res. </s> <s>Metallici præterea faciunt fornaculas temporarias hoc modo. </s> <s>Late­<lb/>res tres &longs;upra focum &longs;tatuunt, utrinque unum, tertium à tergo: pars prior pa­<lb/>tet flatui: his lateribus imponunt bracteam ferream: cui rur&longs;us tres lateres, <lb/>qui carbones arceant & contineant. </s> <s>Sed loco fornacula alia ab alia differt, <lb/>quòd quædam in altiori collocetur, quædam in humiliori. </s> <s>Ea uerò locatur <pb pagenum="179"/>in altiori, per cuius os, qui uenas uel metalla experitur catillum forcipe im­<lb/>ponit: in humiliori, per cuius <expan abbr="part&etilde;">partem</expan> &longs;uperius patentem: quo &longs;anè modo for­<lb/>naculæ loco artifici e&longs;t circulus ferreus: etenim &longs;uper <expan abbr="focũ">focum</expan> camini ponitur, <lb/>& inferius oblinitur luto, ne flatus follis &longs;ub ip&longs;o exeat. </s> <s>Quod &longs;i fieret tardi­<lb/>us, uena excoqueretur, & æs lique&longs;ceret in catino triangulari, qui in <expan abbr="eũ">eum</expan> forci <lb/>pe imponitur, & rur&longs;us eximitur. </s> <s>Circulus <expan abbr="aũt">aunt</expan> altus e&longs;t palmos duos, cra&longs;­<lb/>&longs;us &longs;emidigitum: eius &longs;pacium interius plerunque latum e&longs;t pedem et <expan abbr="palmũ">palmum</expan>: <lb/>qua parte flatus follis in ip&longs;um penetrat, exci&longs;us e&longs;t. </s> <s>Sed follis e&longs;t duplica­<lb/>tus, qualem habere &longs;olent aurifices, aliquando etiam fabri ferrarij: cui in me <lb/>dio e&longs;t a&longs;&longs;er, in quo ine&longs;t foramen &longs;piritale, latum quinque digitos, longum &longs;e <lb/>ptem, &longs;uo a&longs;&longs;erculo tectum: quod è regione e&longs;t foraminis &longs;piritalis infimi a&longs;­<lb/>&longs;eris. </s> <s>Eius uerò eadem e&longs;t latitudo & longitudo. </s> <s>Sed follis longus e&longs;t, exce­<lb/>pto capite, tres pedes: latus po&longs;trema parte, ubi quodammodo rotundatur, <lb/>pedem & palmum: ad caput, tres palmos. </s> <s>Ip&longs;um autem caput etiam <expan abbr="longũ">longum</expan> <lb/>e&longs;t tres palmos: <expan abbr="latũ">latum</expan> uerò ea parte, qua cum a&longs;&longs;eribus coniungitur duos pal­<lb/>mos & <expan abbr="digitũ">digitum</expan>. </s> <s>Po&longs;tea paulatim fit angu&longs;tius: naris, quæ unica, longa e&longs;t pe­<lb/>dem & duos digitos: ea in foramine muri, cra&longs;&longs;i pedem & <expan abbr="palmũ">palmum</expan>, locata e&longs;t, <lb/>ut etiam dimidia capitis pars, in quam naris includitur: circulum uerò ferre <lb/>um in foco &longs;tatutum tantummodo attingit: nam extra murum non eminet. </s> <s><lb/>Corium follis &longs;ui generis clauis ferreis infixum e&longs;t a&longs;&longs;eribus: tum corio u­<lb/>trinque a&longs;&longs;eres <expan abbr="iungũtur">iunguntur</expan> cum capite, &longs;uper quo e&longs;t corium tran&longs;uer&longs;arium in <lb/>a&longs;&longs;eris parte clauis, quibus lata &longs;unt capitula, infixum: &longs;imiliter <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> in par­<lb/>te capitis: Medius <expan abbr="aut&etilde;">autem</expan> follis a&longs;&longs;er &longs;ituatus e&longs;t in bacillo ferreo, ad quod cla­<lb/>uis ferreis utrinque cu&longs;pidatis & utrinque directò deor&longs;um uer&longs;us actis affigi­<lb/>tur, ut leuari non po&longs;&longs;it. </s> <s>Bacillum uerò ferreum in medio e&longs;t duorum tigno <lb/>rum erectorum, per quæ penetrat. </s> <s>Superius etiam axiculus ligneus, habens <lb/>codaces ferreos, in foraminibus eorundem tignorum uoluitur: in cuius me <lb/>dij forma inclu&longs;us e&longs;t uectis, et clauis ferreis affixus, ut <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> queat exilire. </s> <s>Lon <lb/>gus autem e&longs;t quinque pedes & dimidium: cuius po&longs;tremam <expan abbr="part&etilde;">partem</expan> prehen­<lb/>dit annulus ferreus bacilli ferrei, pertinentis ad caudam infimi a&longs;&longs;eris ip&longs;ius <lb/>follis: quam alter eius annulus &longs;imiliter prehendit. </s> <s>Itaque cùm artifex uectem <lb/>deprimit, follis pars inferior leuatur, flatumque in narem compellit: atque eti­<lb/>am &longs;piritus, per <expan abbr="foram&etilde;">foramen</expan>, quod &longs;piritale dicitur, a&longs;&longs;eris medij penetran s &longs;ub­<lb/>leuat &longs;uperiorem follis partem: cuius a&longs;&longs;eri &longs;uperpo&longs;itum e&longs;t plumbum tam <lb/>graue, ut eam follis partem rur&longs;us po&longs;&longs;it deprimere: quæ depre&longs;&longs;a æquè ac <lb/>inferior pars per narem <expan abbr="flatũ">flatum</expan> expirat. </s> <s>I&longs;to modo &longs;e habet follis duplicatus: <lb/>qui fabricatus e&longs;t propter circulum ferreum, in quo catillus triangularis, in <lb/>quo uena æris excoquitur, & æs lique&longs;cit, collocatur.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>C<emph type="italics"/>irculus &longs;erreus<emph.end type="italics"/> A. F<emph type="italics"/>ollis duplicatæs<emph.end type="italics"/> B. <lb/>E<emph type="italics"/>ius naris<emph.end type="italics"/> C. V<emph type="italics"/>ectis<emph.end type="italics"/> D.</s></p><pb pagenum="180"/><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Dixi de fornaculis & circulo ferreo, nunc dicam de tegula & catillis. </s> <s>Te­<lb/>gula <expan abbr="quid&etilde;">quidem</expan> e&longs;t fictilis & imbricis inuer&longs;i figura. </s> <s>Tegit <expan abbr="aũt">aunt</expan> catillos ne carbun <lb/>culi, in eos incidentes, experimentum impediant. </s> <s>Lata e&longs;t &longs;e&longs;quipalmum: al <lb/>titudine, quæ plerunque &longs;olet e&longs;&longs;e palmaris, re&longs;pondet ori fornaculæ, longi­<lb/>tudine ferè toti fornaculæ. </s> <s>Veruntamen priori tantum parte attingit os ei­<lb/>us, alioqui undequaque à lateribus & po&longs;teriori parte iccirco di&longs;tat digitos <lb/>tres, ut carbones in medio loco, qui e&longs;t inter ip&longs;am & <expan abbr="fornaculã">fornaculam</expan> iacere po&longs;­<lb/>&longs;int. </s> <s>Habet uerò <expan abbr="cra&longs;&longs;itudin&etilde;">cra&longs;&longs;itudinem</expan> ollæ fictilis bene cra&longs;&longs;æ: &longs;ed &longs;uperior eius pars <lb/>integra e&longs;t, po&longs;terior duas habet fene&longs;tellas, & utrunque latus duas uel tres <lb/>uel etiam quatuor: per quas calor penetrans in catillos uenam excoquit: uel <lb/>loco fene&longs;tellarum habet parua foramina: & po&longs;teriori quidem parte <expan abbr="dec&etilde;">decem</expan>, <lb/>in utroque uerò latere plura. </s> <s>Quinetiam po&longs;terior pars &longs;ub fene&longs;tellis uel par <lb/>uis foraminib. </s> <s>ter excl&longs;a e&longs;t in modum &longs;emicirculi alti <expan abbr="&longs;emidigitũ">&longs;emidigitum</expan>: &longs;ed latera, <lb/>quater. </s> <s>Po&longs;terior <expan abbr="aut&etilde;">autem</expan> tegulæ pars paulò minus alta e&longs;&longs;e &longs;olet quàm prior.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>T<emph type="italics"/>egulæ fene&longs;tellæ latæ<emph.end type="italics"/> A. A<emph type="italics"/>nguftæ<emph.end type="italics"/> B. E<emph type="italics"/>iu&longs;dem foramina po&longs;terioris partis<emph.end type="italics"/> C.</s></p><figure></figure><pb pagenum="181"/><p type="main"> <s>At catilli materia, ex qua fiunt, inter &longs;e <expan abbr="differũt">differunt</expan>. </s> <s>Sunt enim uel terreni uel <lb/>cinerei: atque terreni, quos etiam fictiles appellamus, rur&longs;us in figura & ma­<lb/>gnitudine &longs;unt di&longs;similes. </s> <s>Nam quidam in &longs;cutellæ figuram &longs;unt formati, & <lb/>mediocriter cra&longs;&longs;i, latique tres digitos & unciæ men&longs;uralis capaces: in quibus <lb/>uena cum <expan abbr="additam&etilde;tis">additamentis</expan> mi&longs;ta coquitur: etenim ip&longs;is utuntur, qui uenas auri <lb/>uel argenti experiri &longs;olent. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quidã">Quidam</expan> uerò &longs;unt triangulares, alijsque multò cra&longs;­<lb/>&longs;iores & capaciores: utpote quinque uel &longs;ex uel <expan abbr="pluriũ">plurium</expan> <expan abbr="unciarũ">unciarum</expan>: in quibus æs <lb/>liquatur, ut fundi, dilatari, igni explorari po&longs;&longs;it. </s> <s>In <expan abbr="ij&longs;d&etilde;">ij&longs;dem</expan> uena etiam æris ple­<lb/>runque excoquitur. </s> <s>Sed cinerei ex cinere <expan abbr="formãtur">formantur</expan>: his ut primis, &longs;cutellæ, cu­<lb/>ius inferior pars admodum cra&longs;&longs;a, e&longs;t figura: uerum minus <expan abbr="capiũt">capiunt</expan>: in quibus <lb/>plumbum &longs;eparatur ab argento, & experimentum perficitur.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>C<emph type="italics"/>atillus fictilis<emph.end type="italics"/> A. C<emph type="italics"/>a: illus triangularis<emph.end type="italics"/> B. C<emph type="italics"/>a<gap/>illus cinereus<emph.end type="italics"/> C.</s></p><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s><expan abbr="Quoniã">Quoniam</expan> uerò cinereos catillos ip&longs;i metallici conficiunt, de materia ex qua <lb/>finguntur & de modo, quo efficiuntur, e&longs;t <expan abbr="dic&etilde;dum">dicendum</expan>. </s> <s>Alij eos ex &longs;implici o­<lb/>mnis generis cinere formant: qui boni non &longs;unt, quod i&longs;tiu&longs;modi cinis ali­<lb/>quam pinguitudinem in &longs;e contineat: quamobrem tales catilli quando con <lb/>caluerunt, facile rumpuntur. </s> <s>Alij faciunt eos item ex cinere qui&longs;cunque <expan abbr="tand&etilde;">tandem</expan> <lb/>fuerit, &longs;ed qui ante percolatus &longs;it: qualis e&longs;t in quem, lixiuij faciendi gratia, <lb/>aqua calida fuit infu&longs;a: atque is rur&longs;us in &longs;ole aut fornace &longs;iccatus cribro, è &longs;etis <lb/>facto, purgatur: quamuis autem aqua calida pinguitudinem cineris eluerit, <lb/>tamen catilli ex eo facti non &longs;unt boni, quod ip&longs;e cinis cum minutis carbun <lb/>culis, arenulis, lapillis &longs;oleat e&longs;&longs;e permi&longs;tus. </s> <s>Alij uerò &longs;imiliter eos ex quo­<lb/>cunque cinere efficiunt, &longs;ed primò in cinerem ip&longs;um infundunt aquam, et pur <lb/>gamentum ei innatans auferunt. </s> <s>Dein aquam, po&longs;tquam pura facta fuerit, <lb/>effundentes <expan abbr="ciner&etilde;">cinerem</expan> exiccant: tum cribrant, & ex eo catillos formant: qui bo­<pb pagenum="182"/>boni quidem &longs;unt, non tamen optimi, quod is etiam cinis non careat minu­<lb/>tis lapillis & arenulis. </s> <s><expan abbr="Verũ">Verum</expan> ut optimi catilli fieri po&longs;&longs;int, à cinere omne pur <lb/>gamentum auferatur: quod duplex e&longs;t, <expan abbr="alterũleue">alterulleue</expan>, cuiu&longs;modi &longs;unt carbun­<lb/>culi & pinguitudines, atque res aliæ aquis innatantes: alterum graue, quales <lb/>&longs;unt lapilli, arenulæ, & &longs;i quæ aliæ res re&longs;ident in fundo ua&longs;culi. </s> <s>Itaque primo <lb/>aqua infundatur in cinerem & leue purgamentum auferatur. </s> <s>Deinde cinis <lb/>agitetur manibus, ut bene <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> aqua mi&longs;ceatur: quæ turbida & impura infun­<lb/>datur in alterum ua&longs;culum: quo modo remanent in priori ua&longs;culo lapilli & <lb/>arenulæ, ac &longs;i quid aliud fuerit graue quæ reijciuntur. </s> <s>Po&longs;tquam uerò cinis <lb/>omnis in hoc altero ua&longs;culo re&longs;ederit, quod ex aqua cogno&longs;citur &longs;i pura fa­<lb/>cta gu&longs;tatum non <expan abbr="cõmoueat">commoueat</expan> lixiuij &longs;apore, tunc aqua effundatur: cinis au­<lb/>tem, qui reman&longs;it in ua&longs;culo in &longs;ole aut fornace &longs;iccetur: atque is aptus e&longs;t ad <lb/>catillos: maximè &longs;i fuerit faginus, aut ex alijs lignis, cui accretiones annuæ te <lb/>nues &longs;unt. </s> <s>Qui uerò ex uitiu &longs;armentis & lignis, quibus accretiones annuæ <lb/>&longs;unt cra&longs;&longs;æ, factus fuerit, <expan abbr="tã">tam</expan> bonus non e&longs;t: etenim catilli ex eo formati, quod <lb/>&longs;atis &longs;icci non &longs;int, in igni diuidi & <expan abbr="di&longs;rũpi">di&longs;rumpi</expan> <expan abbr="&longs;ol&etilde;t">&longs;olent</expan> ac ab&longs;orbere metalla. </s> <s>Quo­<lb/>circa &longs;i faginus aut eius &longs;imilis non fuerit, in promptu globulos ex tali cine­<lb/>re, qui modo iam dicto fuerit purgatus, artifices faciunt, eosque in fornace pi <lb/>&longs;toris uel figuli <expan abbr="ponũt">ponunt</expan>, ut igne&longs;cant. </s> <s>Ignis <expan abbr="e&mtilde;">emm</expan> quicquid pingue fuerit & <expan abbr="hu-midũ">hu­<lb/>midum</expan> <expan abbr="cõ&longs;umit">con&longs;umit</expan>, atque <expan abbr="tand&etilde;">tandem</expan> ex ip&longs;is catillos formant. </s> <s>Omnis <expan abbr="aũt">aunt</expan> cinis quo ue­<lb/>tu&longs;tior, eo melior e&longs;t: <expan abbr="&longs;iccitat&etilde;">&longs;iccitatem</expan> nanque <expan abbr="&longs;ummã">&longs;ummam</expan> ip&longs;i e&longs;&longs;e nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t: qua de cau­<lb/>&longs;a cinis qui fit ex o&longs;&longs;ib. </s> <s><expan abbr="cõbu&longs;tis">combu&longs;tis</expan>, præcipuè uerò ex capitis <expan abbr="animãtiũ">animantium</expan> o&longs;&longs;ibus, <lb/><expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> idoneus e&longs;t ad catillos: <expan abbr="tũ">tum</expan> qui fit ex cornib. </s> <s><expan abbr="ceruorũ">ceruorum</expan>, & ex &longs;pinis <expan abbr="pi&longs;ciũ">pi&longs;cium</expan>. </s> <s><lb/>Po&longs;tremò aliqui <expan abbr="capiũt">capiunt</expan> <expan abbr="ciner&etilde;">cinerem</expan>, qui fit ex &longs;cobe corij <expan abbr="cõbu&longs;ta">combu&longs;ta</expan>: nam coriarij & <lb/>alutarij <expan abbr="coriũ">corium</expan>, à pilis <expan abbr="purgatũ">purgatum</expan> radunt & di&longs;cobinant. </s> <s>Nonnulli uerò malunt <lb/>uti <expan abbr="cõpo&longs;itionibus">compo&longs;itionibus</expan>, <expan abbr="quarũ">quarum</expan> hæc laudatur, quæ habet cineris ex o&longs;&longs;ibus ani­<lb/>mantium uel ex &longs;pinis pi&longs;cium partem <expan abbr="unã">unam</expan> & dimidiam: cineris fagini par­<lb/>tem unam, cineris &longs;cobis corij combu&longs;tæ partem dimidiam: ex hac enim mi <lb/>&longs;tura fiunt boni catilli, &longs;ed multò meliores conficiuntur ex paribus portio­<lb/>nibus cineris &longs;cobis corij combu&longs;tæ, cineris o&longs;&longs;ium capitis ouilli uel uituli­<lb/>ni, cineris cornu ceruini: at omnium optimi formantur ex &longs;olius cornu cer­<lb/>uini u&longs;ti puluere: nam is propter uehementem &longs;iccitatem metalla minime <lb/>combibit. </s> <s>Veruntamen no&longs;trates metallici plerunque eos efficiunt ex cinere <lb/>fagino: quem modo iam dicto paratum primò <expan abbr="cõ&longs;pergunt">con&longs;pergunt</expan> zytho uel aqua, <lb/>ut cohærere po&longs;&longs;it, & in mortariolo tundunt. </s> <s>Deinde cineribus, qui &longs;unt ex <lb/>caluarijs quadrupedum, aut ex pi&longs;cium &longs;pinis, in&longs;per&longs;is iterum <expan abbr="tundũt">tundunt</expan>: quo <lb/>autem magis tunduntur, eo meliores fiunt. </s> <s>Quidam uerò lateres terunt, & <lb/>eum puluerem cribra<gap/>um in&longs;pergunt cineri fagino: nam i&longs;tiu&longs;modi pulue­<lb/>res non &longs;inunt molybdænam corrodentem catillos, aurum uel <expan abbr="argentũ">argentum</expan> &longs;or <lb/>bere. </s> <s>Alij ut idem caueant catillos formatos oui albumine <expan abbr="humectãt">humectant</expan>, & ite­<lb/>rum in &longs;ole &longs;iccatos tundunt, maximè &longs;i uenam uel æs, quod ferrum in &longs;e <expan abbr="cõ">com</expan> <lb/>tinet, uoluerint explorare. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nõnulli">Nonnulli</expan> autem lacte bouino iterum atque iterum <lb/>madefaciunt cineres, eosque exiccant, & in mortariolo tundunt, atque format <lb/>catillos. </s> <s>At in officinis, in quibus argentum ab ære &longs;ecernitur, ex cineris cati <lb/>ni &longs;ecundæ fornacis, qui admodum &longs;iccus e&longs;t, duabus partibus et una <expan abbr="o&longs;&longs;iũ">o&longs;&longs;ium</expan> <pb pagenum="183"/>faciunt catillos. </s> <s>Sed his etiam modis formati catilli locandi &longs;unt in &longs;ole aut <lb/>in fornace. </s> <s>Deinde quocunque modo formati &longs;iccis in locis diu <expan abbr="&longs;eruãdi">&longs;eruandi</expan>, quan <lb/>tò enim fuerint uetu&longs;tiores, tantò &longs;unt &longs;icciores atque meliores. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quinetiã">Quinetiam</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb/>figuli modo formant catillos terrenos & triangulares, &longs;ed ip&longs;i <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> metallici. <lb/></s> <s><expan abbr="Conficiũt">Conficiunt</expan> uerò eos ex terra pingui, quæ &longs;pi&longs;&longs;a e&longs;t & mediocris, quod ad du <lb/>riciam & mollitudinem attinet. </s> <s>Mi&longs;cent <expan abbr="aũt">aunt</expan> cum ea puluerem i&longs;tius generis <lb/>catillorum ueterum fractorum, aut lateris u&longs;ti & triti: itaque terram &longs;ic <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> pul <lb/>uere permi&longs;tam formant pi&longs;tillo, quam deinde exiccant: hi etiam catilli quò <lb/>uetu&longs;tiores fuerint, eò &longs;unt &longs;icciores atque meliores. </s> <s>At mortariola in quibus <lb/>catilli formantur, duorum &longs;unt generum, minora &longs;cilicet & maiora. </s> <s>In min o <lb/>ribus conficiuntur catilli cinerei, in quibus <expan abbr="argentũ">argentum</expan> uel aurum, quod plum­<lb/>bum combibit, purgatur: in maioribus item cinerei, in quibus argentum ab <lb/>ære & plumbo &longs;eparatur. </s> <s>Vtraque uerò ex orichalco fiunt: atque ima &longs;ui parte <lb/>fundum non habent, ut catilli integri ex eis eximi po&longs;&longs;int. </s> <s>Pi&longs;tilla quoque du <lb/>plicia &longs;unt, minora &longs;cilicet & maiora: utraque <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> orichalcea, è quibus inferi­<lb/>us eminet tuber <expan abbr="rotundũ">rotundum</expan>: atque id tantummodo in mortariolum impre&longs;&longs;um <lb/>format cauam catilli partem. </s> <s>Quæ uerò ip&longs;i contigua e&longs;t, &longs;uperficiei morta­<lb/>rioli re&longs;pondet.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>M<emph type="italics"/>ortariolum<emph.end type="italics"/> A. M<emph type="italics"/>ortariolum inuer&longs;um<emph.end type="italics"/> B. P<emph type="italics"/>i&longs;tillum<emph.end type="italics"/> C. <lb/>E<emph type="italics"/>ius tuber<emph.end type="italics"/> D. A<emph type="italics"/>lterum pi&longs;tillum<emph.end type="italics"/> E.</s></p><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Hæc hactenus: nunc de uenarum <expan abbr="experiendarũ">experiendarum</expan> præparatione <expan abbr="dicã">dicam</expan>: præ­<lb/>parantur autem urendo, torrendo, tundendo, lauando: &longs;ed <expan abbr="certũ">certum</expan> uenæ pon <lb/>dus &longs;umere nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t, ut &longs;ciri po&longs;&longs;it quotam eius partem i&longs;tiu&longs;modi præpa <lb/>rationes con&longs;ump&longs;erint: <expan abbr="uerũ">uerum</expan> uritur durus lapis cum metallo permi&longs;tus, ut <lb/>duricie depo&longs;ita po&longs;&longs;it tundi & lauari. </s> <s>Duri&longs;&longs;imus uerò priu&longs;quam uritur <lb/>aceto perfunditur, ut citius igni molle&longs;cat: &longs;ed lapis mollis primò <expan abbr="frang&etilde;dus">frangendus</expan> <lb/>e&longs;t malleo, & in mortario tundendus, atque redigendus in <expan abbr="puluer&etilde;">puluerem</expan>: deinde la <pb pagenum="184"/>uandus: tum rur&longs;us &longs;iccandus. </s> <s>Si uerò terra fuerit <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> metallo mi&longs;ta, lauatur <lb/>in alueo, atque id quod re&longs;edit <expan abbr="&longs;iccatũ">&longs;iccatum</expan> igni exploratur: etenim omnes res fo&longs;&longs;i <lb/>les, quæ lauantur, rur&longs;us &longs;iccandæ &longs;unt: at uena cuiu&longs;que metalli diues <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> uri­<lb/>tur, neque tunditur, neque lauatur, &longs;ed torretur tantum, ne i&longs;tis præparandi mo <lb/>dis aliquid metalli pereat. </s> <s>Succen&longs;is uerò ignibus torretur in olla, quæ lu­<lb/>to ob&longs;tructa e&longs;t, inclu&longs;a. </s> <s>Vilior <expan abbr="aũt">aunt</expan> uena <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> in foco uritur carboni impo&longs;i­<lb/>ta: non enim magnam metalli iacturam facimus, &longs;i quid ex ea perdamus. </s> <s>Ve <lb/>rùm de omnibus his uenarum <expan abbr="præparandarũ">præparandarum</expan> rationib. </s> <s>& paulo po&longs;t & in <lb/>&longs;equenti libro uberius di&longs;putabo: nunc explicare decreui ea quæ metallici <lb/>additamenta &longs;olent nominare, quod adijciantur ad uenas <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> modo experi­<lb/>endas, &longs;ed <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> excoquendas: in quibus magna uis cernitur, &longs;ed non <expan abbr="omniũ">omnium</expan> <lb/><expan abbr="eũdem">eundem</expan> e&longs;&longs;e uidemus <expan abbr="effectũ">effectum</expan>, & <expan abbr="nõnullis">nonnullis</expan> e&longs;t uaria multiplexque natura: nam <lb/>quando cum uenis permi&longs;ta coquuntur in fornacula uel in fornace, ex eis <lb/><expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan>, quia facile lique&longs;cunt, illas <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan> modo liquant: alia quod aut ual­<lb/>de calfaciant uenas, aut penetrent in ip&longs;as igni &longs;unt magno ad purgamenta <lb/>à metallis &longs;eparanda <expan abbr="adium&etilde;to">adiumento</expan>, & liquefactas <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> plumbo <expan abbr="cõmi&longs;cent">commi&longs;cent</expan>, partim <lb/>ab igni tuentur uenas, <expan abbr="quarũ">quarum</expan> <expan abbr="metallũ">metallum</expan> uel ip&longs;e <expan abbr="cõ&longs;umit">con&longs;umit</expan>, uel unà <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> fumo &longs;ub­<lb/>latum ex fornace euolat: <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> metalla combibunt. </s> <s>In primo genere &longs;unt <lb/>plumbum, idem in globulos redactum, aut ignis ui in cinerem <expan abbr="re&longs;olutũ">re&longs;olutum</expan>, <expan abbr="mi-niũ">mi­<lb/>nium</expan> &longs;ecundarium, ochra ex plumbo facta, &longs;puma argenti, molybdæna, lapis <lb/>plumbarius, æs, idem u&longs;tum, eius bracteæ, <expan abbr="eiu&longs;d&etilde;">eiu&longs;dem</expan> &longs;cobs elimata, <expan abbr="recrementũ">recrementum</expan> <lb/>auri, argenti, æris, plumbi, <expan abbr="uitrũ">uitrum</expan>, eius recrementum, halinitrum, alumen co <lb/>ctum, atramentum <expan abbr="&longs;utoriũ">&longs;utorium</expan>, &longs;al to&longs;tus, idem liquefactus, lapides qui in arden <lb/>tibus fornacibus facile lique&longs;cunt, arenæ ab eis re&longs;olutæ, tofus mollis, <expan abbr="&longs;axũ">&longs;axum</expan> <lb/>quoddam fi&longs;&longs;ile album. </s> <s>Sed <expan abbr="plumbũ">plumbum</expan>, eius cinis, minium <expan abbr="&longs;ecundariũ">&longs;ecundarium</expan>, ochra, <lb/>&longs;puma argenti utiliora &longs;unt uenis quæ facile <expan abbr="lique&longs;cũt">lique&longs;cunt</expan>: molybdænaijs, quæ <lb/>difficile: lapis <expan abbr="plũbarius">plumbarius</expan> ijs, quæ difficilius. </s> <s>In &longs;ecundo genere &longs;unt ferri &longs;quæ <lb/>ma, eiu&longs;dem recrementum, &longs;al artificio&longs;us, &longs;iccæ feces uini, aceti, <expan abbr="aquarũ">aquarum</expan> quæ <lb/>aurum ab argento &longs;ecernunt: atque hæ feces & &longs;al artificio&longs;us habent uim pe­<lb/>netrandi in uenas: & quidem permagnam feces uini, &longs;ed maiorem aceti, ma <lb/>ximam <expan abbr="aquarũ">aquarum</expan>, quæ <expan abbr="aurũ">aurum</expan> ab argento &longs;ecernunt. </s> <s>Ferri uerò &longs;quamis & recre <lb/>mentis, quia tardius liquantur, <expan abbr="uenarũ">uenarum</expan> <expan abbr="calefaciendarũ">calefaciendarum</expan> uis e&longs;t. </s> <s>In tertio gene­<lb/>re &longs;unt pyrites, panes ex eo conflati, <expan abbr="uitrũ">uitrum</expan>, eiu&longs;dem <expan abbr="recrementũ">recrementum</expan>, &longs;al, ferrum, ei <lb/>us &longs;quama, eius &longs;cobs elimata, eius recrementum, <expan abbr="atramentũ">atramentum</expan> <expan abbr="&longs;utoriũ">&longs;utorium</expan>, arenæ <lb/>à lapidibus facile igni lique&longs;centibus re&longs;olutæ, tofus. </s> <s>Sed in primis pyrites <lb/>& panes ex eo conflati uenarum &longs;orbent metalla: atque ip&longs;a ab igni, con&longs;um­<lb/>ptore eorum, tuentur. </s> <s>In quarto genere &longs;unt plumbum & æs, atque eis cogna <lb/>ta. </s> <s>Itaque de additamentis liquet quædam e&longs;&longs;e natiua, alia in recrementorum <lb/>numero, cætera à <expan abbr="recrem&etilde;tis">recrementis</expan> purgata. </s> <s>Certe quidem cùm uenas experimur <lb/>exiguam <expan abbr="additamentorũ">additamentorum</expan> quoruncunque portionem ad eas adijcere &longs;ine ma­<lb/>gno impendio po&longs;&longs;umus: cùm uerò ea&longs;dem excoquimus, grandem adiun­<lb/>gere &longs;ine magno nequimus: quocirca con&longs;ideremus impen&longs;am quanta &longs;it, <lb/>ne in uenas excoquendas faciamus maiorem, quàm ex metallis conflatis ca <lb/>piamus fructum. </s> <s>Color autem fumi quem emittunt uenæ, batillis uel lami <lb/>nis ferreis candentibus impo&longs;itæ, docet nos de additamentis, quibus ad eas <pb pagenum="185"/><expan abbr="experi&etilde;das">experiendas</expan> uel excoquendas præter <expan abbr="plumbũ">plumbum</expan> nobis opus e&longs;t. </s> <s>Etenim &longs;i fue­<lb/>rit purpureus, e&longs;t optimus, & uenæ plerunque non indigent &longs;ingularis alicu <lb/>ius <expan abbr="additam&etilde;ti">additamenti</expan>, &longs;i cæruleus, ad eas adijci debet panis ex pyrite uel alio quo­<lb/>dam lapide æro&longs;o conflatus: &longs;i luteus, &longs;puma argenti & &longs;ulfur: &longs;i ruber, nitri <lb/>recrementum & &longs;al: &longs;i uiridis, panis ex æro&longs;is lapidibus conflatus, & &longs;puma <lb/>argenti & uitri recrementum: &longs;i niger, &longs;al liquefactus, uel ferri recrementum <lb/>& &longs;puma argenti, atque &longs;axum calcarium candidum: &longs;i candidus, &longs;ulfur & fer­<lb/>rum quod uitio æruginis infe&longs;tatur: &longs;i in uiridi candidus, ferri <expan abbr="recrementũ">recrementum</expan> <lb/>& arenæ à lapidibus facile lique&longs;centibus re&longs;olutæ: &longs;i media eius pars lutea <lb/>fuerit & den&longs;a, extimæ uerò uirides, eædem arenæ & ferri <expan abbr="recrementũ">recrementum</expan>. </s> <s>Ve­<lb/>rùm color fumi non modo nos docet de remedijs, quæ cuique uenæ &longs;unt ad­<lb/>hibenda, &longs;ed etiam ferè de &longs;uccis concretis cum ea permi&longs;tis, qui talem <expan abbr="fumũ">fumum</expan> <lb/>emittunt: nam plerunque cæruleus &longs;ignificat uenam cæruleo e&longs;&longs;e infectam: lu <lb/>teus auripigmento: ruber, &longs;andaraca: uiridis, chry&longs;ocolla: niger, bitumine <lb/>nigro: candidus, candido: in uiridi candidus, eodem eum chry&longs;ocolla per­<lb/>mi&longs;to: cuius media pars e&longs;t lutea & extimæ uirides, &longs;ulfure. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quanquã">Quanquam</expan> terræ <lb/>aliæque res fo&longs;&longs;iles cum metallis permi&longs;tæ, <expan abbr="interdũ">interdum</expan> a&longs;&longs;imilem <expan abbr="fumũ">fumum</expan> emittunt. </s> <s><lb/>Quod &longs;i uenæ participes fuerint &longs;tibij, ad eas adijcitur ferri recrementum: &longs;i <lb/>pyritæ, panis ex lapide æro&longs;o <expan abbr="cõflatus">conflatus</expan>, & arenæ à lapidibus facilè lique&longs;cen <lb/>tibus re&longs;olutæ: &longs;i uenæ ferri, pyrites & &longs;ulfur: ut enim uenæ cum &longs;ulfure per <lb/>mi&longs;tæ additamentum e&longs;t ferri recrementum, ita contrà auri uel argenti ue­<lb/>næ, ferri uena infectæ, à qua non facile &longs;eparantur, &longs;ulfur: &longs;ed etiam arenæ à <lb/>lapidibus facile lique&longs;centibus re&longs;olutæ. </s> <s>Sal autem artificio&longs;us ad uenas ex­<lb/>periendas aptus multis modis conficitur: primò ex paribus portionibus <lb/>aridæ uini fecis, aceti, hominis urinæ &longs;imul decoctis donec in &longs;alem uertan­<lb/>tur. </s> <s>Secundo item ex paribus portionibus cineris, quo infectores lanarum <lb/>utuntur, calcis, aridæ uini fecis purgatæ, &longs;alis liquati: etenim &longs;ingulorum li­<lb/>bra <expan abbr="cõijcitur">conijcitur</expan> in hominis urinæ libras uiginti. </s> <s>Deinde omnia decocta ad ter <lb/>tias colantur: tum ad re&longs;iduum &longs;alis non liquati libra adijcitur, & <expan abbr="eiu&longs;d&etilde;">eiu&longs;dem</expan> un­<lb/>ciæ quatuor, atque lixiuij libris octo &longs;uperfu&longs;is &longs;imul in olla, argenti &longs;puma in <lb/>trin&longs;ecus obducta, coquuntur u&longs;que dum exiccata &longs;al fiant. </s> <s>Tertiò &longs;ic confici­<lb/>tur: &longs;al non liquatus, & ferrum, quod rubigine infe&longs;tatur, inijciuntur in uas: <lb/>quod hominis urina &longs;uperfu&longs;a operculo tegitur, ac triginta diebus reponi­<lb/>tur in loco tepido: po&longs;tea <expan abbr="ferrũ">ferrum</expan> urina lauatur & &longs;eponitur, reliqua uerò tan­<lb/>diu <expan abbr="coquũtur">coquuntur</expan> quoad in &longs;alem mutantur. </s> <s>Quartò, &longs;al artificio&longs;us hoc modo <lb/>fit. </s> <s>In lixiuio ex calcis & cineris, quo infectores <expan abbr="lanarũ">lanarum</expan> utuntur, paribus por <lb/>tionibus facto, pares portiones &longs;alis, &longs;aponis, aridæ uini albi fecis, halinitri <lb/>coquuntur u&longs;que ad eum finem dum in &longs;alem abeant: is ramentum lotura col <lb/>lectum mi&longs;tum, liquefacit. </s> <s>At <expan abbr="halinitrũ">halinitrum</expan> i&longs;to modo præparatur, ut ad uenas <lb/>experiendas aptum &longs;it: ip&longs;um in ollam, argenti &longs;puma intrin&longs;ecus <expan abbr="obductã">obductam</expan>, <lb/>inijcitur, & lixiuium ex calce uiua factum &longs;æpius &longs;uperfunditur & coquitur <lb/>u&longs;que dum ignis id con&longs;umat. </s> <s>Quod &longs;i halinitrum non inflammatur igni à <lb/>quo ip&longs;um &longs;al, ex lixiuio, quod calcem combibit, ortus, tuetur, præparatum <lb/>e&longs;t. </s> <s>Sed in primis laudantur &longs;equentes compo&longs;itiones, quæ omnem uenam <lb/>excoquunt, quam ardor ignis difficulter di&longs;&longs;oluit & diffundit: quarum una <pb pagenum="186"/>conficitur ex tertij generis lapidibus, qui in ardentes fornaces coniecti faci­<lb/>le lique&longs;cunt candidis & puris atque comminutis: cum eius enim pulueris &longs;e­<lb/>muncia permi&longs;centur &longs;pumæ argenti fuluæ, item comminutæ, unciæ duæ: <lb/>quæ mi&longs;tura inijcitur in catillum fictilem eius capacem: ac &longs;ub tegulam <expan abbr="ar-d&etilde;tis">ar­<lb/>dentis</expan> fornaculæ collocatur. </s> <s>Cùm autem aquæ in&longs;tar fluxerit, quod ei horæ <lb/>dimidio &longs;pacio accidit, ex fornacula exempta effunditur in aliquem <expan abbr="lapid&etilde;">lapidem</expan>: <lb/>ea temperatura, ubi refrixerit, uitri &longs;imilis e&longs;&longs;e apparebit: quæ rur&longs;us commi <lb/>nuitur. </s> <s>I&longs;tiu&longs;modi uerò puluis qualicunque uenæ metallicæ, quæ, cùm eam <lb/>experimur, non facile lique&longs;cit, in&longs;pergitur & recrementum ex&longs;udabit. </s> <s>Alij <lb/>in locum &longs;pumæ argenti cinerem plumbi &longs;ub&longs;tituunt, qui &longs;ic conficitur. </s> <s>In <lb/>plumbum, in catino liquefactum, conijcitur &longs;ulfur: et mox quadam qua&longs;i cu <lb/>te tegitur: qua &longs;ublata rur&longs;us inijcitur &longs;ulfur, rur&longs;u&longs;que cutis nata detrahitur: <lb/>quod &longs;æpius fit, et quidem, donec plumbum in puluerem re&longs;olutum fuerit. </s> <s><lb/>Sed ualens additamentum <expan abbr="compo&longs;itũ">compo&longs;itum</expan> e&longs;t quod conficitur ex halinitri præ­<lb/>parati, &longs;alis liquati, recrementorum uitri, fecis uini aridæ, &longs;ingulorum uncia, <lb/>&longs;pumæ argenti triente, uitri in puluerem triti be&longs;&longs;e, hoc additamentum ad <lb/>uenam, quæ par pondus habeat, adiectum eam liquefacit. </s> <s>Valentius uerò <lb/>con&longs;tat ex paribus portionibus fecis albi uini &longs;iccæ, &longs;alis communis, halini­<lb/>tri præparati, quæ tria &longs;imul in olla, argenti &longs;puma intrin&longs;ecus obducta, tor­<lb/>rentur u&longs;que dum puluis inde fiat candidus: cum quo tantundem &longs;pumæ ar­<lb/>genti commi&longs;cetur. </s> <s>Huius uerò mi&longs;turæ pars unà cum duabus uenæ expe­<lb/>riendæ partibus permi&longs;cetur. </s> <s>Quo ualentius fit ex nigri plumbi cinere, hali <lb/>nitro, <expan abbr="auripigm&etilde;to">auripigmento</expan>, &longs;tibio, fece &longs;icca aquarum, quibus aurifices aurum ab ar <lb/>gento &longs;eparant: &longs;ed nigri plumbi cinis conficitur ex plumbi libra, & &longs;ulfuris <lb/>libra: plumbeo malleo percu&longs;&longs;um dilatatur: atque alterius bractea, alterius &longs;ul <lb/>fur inijcitur in catinum uel ollam, & &longs;imul torrentur u&longs;que dum ignis &longs;ulfur <lb/>con&longs;umat & plumbum in cinerem uertat. </s> <s>Halinitri uerò comminuti libra <lb/>cum auripigmenti item in puluerem triti libra commi&longs;cetur, & in patina fer <lb/>rea coquuntur donec lique&longs;cant: po&longs;tea effunduntur, & refrigerata iterum <lb/>in puluerem conteruntur. </s> <s>Stibij autem libra & fecis &longs;iccæ bes alternatim in <lb/>ijciuntur in catinum, & coquuntur u&longs;que ad eum finem dum ma&longs;&longs;ula inde &longs;i­<lb/>at: quæ &longs;imiliter re&longs;oluitur in puluerem: huius pulueris bes & plumbei cine <lb/>ris libra, itemque pulueris ex halinitro & auripigmento facti libra permi&longs;cen <lb/>tur, & ex eis conficitur puluis: cuius una pars ad duas uenæ partes addita <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> <lb/>liquefacit, & à recrementis purgat. </s> <s>At ualenti&longs;&longs;imum e&longs;t quod habet &longs;ulfu­<lb/>ris drachmas duas, & recrementi uitri totidem, &longs;tibij, &longs;alis ex urina decocta <lb/>confecti, &longs;alis <expan abbr="cõmunis">communis</expan> liquati, halinitri præparati, &longs;pumæ argenti, atramen­<lb/>ti &longs;utorij, fecis uini &longs;iccæ, &longs;alis ex anthyllidis cinere facti, &longs;iccæ fecis aquarum <lb/>quibus aurum ab argento aurifices &longs;eparant, aluminis igne re&longs;oluti in pul­<lb/>uerem &longs;ingulorum <expan abbr="&longs;emunciã">&longs;emunciam</expan>, camphoræ unà cum &longs;ulfure in puluerem triti <lb/><expan abbr="unciã">unciam</expan>: huius mi&longs;turæ pars dimidia uel integra, prout hoc res ip&longs;a po&longs;tulat, <lb/><expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> parte una uenæ & duabus <expan abbr="plũbi">plumbi</expan> partibus permi&longs;ta inijcitur in <expan abbr="catillũ">catillum</expan> fi­<lb/>ctilem, & mi&longs;tura puluere uitri Venetiani comminuti con&longs;pergitur: quæ <lb/>cùm &longs;e&longs;quihora, uel duabus horis cocta fuerit, ma&longs;&longs;ula in fundo catilli re&longs;i­<lb/>debit, à qua mox plumbum &longs;eparatur. </s> <s>E&longs;t etiam <expan abbr="additam&etilde;tum">additamentum</expan> quod &longs;ulfur, <pb pagenum="187"/>auripigmentum, &longs;andaracam à uenis metallicis &longs;eparat: id habet pares por­<lb/>tiones recrementi ferri, to&longs;i albi, &longs;alis. </s> <s>Sed po&longs;tquam tales &longs;ucci fuerint &longs;ecre <lb/>ti, ip&longs;æ uenæ arida uini fece ad eas adiecta excoquuntur. </s> <s>E&longs;t quod ab igni <lb/>tuetur &longs;tibium, ne id con&longs;umat: et à &longs;tibio metalla, quale e&longs;t quod con&longs;tat ex <lb/>paribus portionibus &longs;ulfuris, halinitri præparati, &longs;alis liquati, atramenti &longs;u­<lb/>torij &longs;imul in urina uel lixiuio coctorum, donec nullus odor affletur è &longs;ulfu­<lb/>re: quod fit trium uel quatuor horarum &longs;pacio. </s> <s>E&longs;t præterea operæpre cium <lb/>&longs;ubijcere aliquas alias mi&longs;turas. </s> <s>Accipito uenæ ut conuenit præparatæ par <lb/>tès duas, &longs;cobis ferri elimatæ partem unam, &longs;alis item partem unam: atque mi­<lb/>&longs;ceto: deinde ea inijcito in catillum fictilem, & in fornacula locato: ubi igni <lb/>re&longs;oluta confluxerint, ma&longs;&longs;ula in fundo catilli re&longs;idebit. </s> <s>Vel accipito uenæ <lb/>et ochræ plumbeæ pares portiones, atque cum ip&longs;is mi&longs;ceto paucam ferri &longs;co <lb/>bem elimatam, & inijcito in catillum: tum &longs;uper ip&longs;am <expan abbr="mi&longs;turã">mi&longs;turam</expan> &longs;pargito &longs;co­<lb/>bem ferri elimatam. </s> <s>Vel accipito uenam in puluerem contritam, eamque &longs;par <lb/>gito in catillum: deinde ei in&longs;pergito tantundem &longs;alis ter aut quater urina <lb/>madefacti & rur&longs;us torrefacti: tum iterum atque iterum uenæ puluerem & &longs;a <lb/>lem: po&longs;tea catillum operculatum & oblitum imponito in carbones arden <lb/>tes. </s> <s>Vel accipito uenæ partem unam, globulorum plumbeorum partem u­<lb/>nam, uitri Venetiani partem dimidiam, recrementi uitri tantundem. </s> <s>Vel ac <lb/>cipito uenæ partem unam, globulorum plumbeorum partem unam, &longs;alis <lb/>partem dimidiam, aridæ uini &longs;iccæ quartam unius partis, fecis <expan abbr="aquarũ">aquarum</expan>, quæ <lb/>aurum ab argento &longs;ecernunt tantundem. </s> <s>Vel accipito pares portiones ue­<lb/>næ præparatæ, & pulueris in quo item in&longs;unt pares portiones minutorum <lb/>plumbi globulorum, &longs;alis liquati, &longs;tibij, recrementorum ferri. </s> <s>Vel accipito <lb/>pares portiones uenæ, in qua ine&longs;t aurum, atramenti &longs;utorij, fecis uini &longs;iccæ, <lb/>&longs;alis. </s> <s>Hactenus de additamentis. </s> <s>In fornaculam autem eo, quo dixi, modo <lb/>præparatam primo tegulam imponito: deinde prunas &longs;uper eam conijci­<lb/>to, electosque carbunculos: nam ex minus bonis multum fit cineris, qui <expan abbr="circũ">circum</expan> <lb/>tegulam collectus operationem ignis impedit: tum catillos fictiles forcipe <lb/>&longs;ub tegulam locato, & &longs;ub priorem ip&longs;ius partem ponito carbonem arden­<lb/>tem, ut catilli citius calefiant: quem, cùm plumbum <expan abbr="inijci&etilde;dum">inijciendum</expan> fuerit in eos, <lb/>uel uena, rur&longs;us forcipe eximito. </s> <s>Po&longs;tquam autem catilli excande&longs;centigni, <lb/>primò per cannam ferream duos pedes longam & capacem digiti cinerem <lb/>uel carbunculum, &longs;i quis in eos inciderit, &longs;piritu difflato & di&longs;pergito: quod <lb/>idem faciendum erit, &longs;i cinis uel carbunculus in catillos cinereos in ciderit: <lb/>deinde plumbeum globulum inijcito forcipe: quod plumbum ubi in <expan abbr="fumũ">fumum</expan> <lb/>uerti, con&longs;umique cœperit, ad ip&longs;um addito uenam præparatam in charta in­<lb/>uolutam. </s> <s>Multo autem artifici præ&longs;tat eam inuoluere in chartam, &longs;icque im­<lb/>ponere in catillos, quàm æneo cochleari in ip&longs;os infundere. </s> <s>Cùm enim ca­<lb/>tilli &longs;int parui, &longs;i cochleari u&longs;us fuerit, non raro aliquam uenæ partem diffun <lb/>dit. </s> <s>Charta uerò cremata carbunculo forcipe prehen&longs;o uenam moueto, ut <lb/>plumbum eam combibat, cumque ip&longs;o metallum uenæ mi&longs;ceatur: quæ mi­<lb/>&longs;tio cùm facta fuerit, tunc <expan abbr="recrem&etilde;tum">recrementum</expan> partim circum eam ad catillos adhæ­<lb/>refcit, nigrique annuli &longs;peciem quandam gerit: partim innatat plumbo cum <lb/>auro uel argento permi&longs;to: quod mox ab eo auferto. </s> <s><expan abbr="Plumbũ">Plumbum</expan> autem omni­<pb pagenum="188"/>no omni argento careat, quale e&longs;t Villacen&longs;e. </s> <s>Quod &longs;i eiu&longs;modi non fuerit <lb/>in promptu, &longs;eor&longs;um plumbum e&longs;t experiendum, ut certo &longs;ciatur, quantam <lb/>argenti portionem in &longs;e contineat, utque calculis &longs;ubductis de uena rectè iu­<lb/>dicetur: ni&longs;i enim tale plumbum fuerit, experimentum erit fal&longs;um & fallax. </s> <s><lb/>Verùm globuli plumbei hoc modo formantur: forceps e&longs;t ferrea longa cir <lb/>citer pedem unum: eius chelæ continent ferrum diui&longs;um, quod <expan abbr="coniunctũ">coniunctum</expan> <lb/>oui figuram exprimit: utrunque habet duas partes cauas, quod ferrum diui­<lb/>&longs;um, cùm compre&longs;&longs;um fuerit &longs;uperius, ex ip&longs;o eminet infundibulum: in quo <lb/>&longs;unt duo foramina, quorum alterum ad unam partem cauam penetrat, alte­<lb/>rum ad alteram. </s> <s>Itaque plumbum infu&longs;um defluit per foramina, in partes ca­<lb/>uas, efficiunturque una effu&longs;ione globuli duo.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>F<emph type="italics"/>orcipis chelæ<emph.end type="italics"/> A. F<emph type="italics"/>errum oui figuram exprimens<emph.end type="italics"/> B. <lb/>I<emph type="italics"/>nfundibulum<emph.end type="italics"/> C.</s></p><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Nec hoc in loco de diuer&longs;a quorundam artificum experiendi ratione re­<lb/>ticere debeo: qui primò in catillos inijciunt uenam præparatam, eamque co­<lb/>quunt. </s> <s>Deinde addunt plumbum: quæ ratio mihi non probatur: etenim ue <lb/>na i&longs;to modo ferruminari &longs;olet: quare po&longs;tea commota non bene, aut admo <lb/>dum tardè cum plumbo mi&longs;cetur. </s> <s>Quod &longs;i catillis eiu&longs;modi fictilibus omne <lb/>fornaculæ &longs;pacium, quod contegit tegula, non compleatur (nam interdum <lb/>compleri &longs;olet, cùm &longs;cilicet multarum uenarum, aut multarum unius uenæ <lb/>partium una experimur) in uacua loca catillos cinereos ponito, ut interea i­<lb/>gne&longs;cant. </s> <s>Quod et&longs;i una hora plerunque fit, tamen id ip&longs;um minoribus citi­<lb/>us, maioribus tardius contingit: ni&longs;i uerò catilli, anteaquam in eos inijciatur <lb/>metallum, cum plumbo permi&longs;tum, igniti fuerint, ip&longs;i &longs;olent &longs;æpe di&longs;rum­<lb/>pi, plumbum &longs;emper contremi&longs;cere, nonnunquam ex ip&longs;is exilire. </s> <s>Si autem <lb/>catillus di&longs;rumpatur, aut plumbum ex eo exiliat, aliam uenæ partem experi <lb/>ri oportet: &longs;in plumbum contremi&longs;cat, tunc catillus pruna lata ac tenui tega­<lb/>tur: quam cùm <expan abbr="plumbũ">plumbum</expan> attigerit, re&longs;ilit: atque &longs;ic etiam mi&longs;tura tandem ip&longs;um <lb/>exhalat. </s> <s>Quinetiam &longs;i in &longs;ecuda excoctione plumbum, quod in mi&longs;tura in­<lb/>e&longs;t, non con&longs;umeretur, &longs;ed &longs;tabile & &longs;ixum permanens tegeretur quadam <lb/>qua&longs;i cute, &longs;ignum e&longs;t, quod non &longs;atis ardore ignis concaluerit. </s> <s>Aridum igi­<lb/>tur lignum tedæ, uel arboris ei con&longs;imilis, in mi&longs;turam imponito, inque ma­<lb/>nu teneto, ut cùm concaluerit, retrahere ab ea po&longs;&longs;is: tum curato, ut &longs;emper <lb/>calorem &longs;atis multum, eumque æqualem habeat. </s> <s>Quod &longs;i calor mi&longs;turam <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <pb pagenum="189"/>rotundauerit, ut fieri &longs;olet, ubi omnia rectè fiunt, &longs;ed faciat longiu&longs;culam ut <lb/>caudata uideatur, &longs;igno e&longs;t calorem ip&longs;um, qua cauda e&longs;t, nimium e&longs;&longs;e: qua­<lb/>re catillum paruo unco ferreo, cuius manubrium item &longs;it ferreum & <expan abbr="longũ">longum</expan> <lb/>&longs;e&longs;quipedem, circumagito, ut altera pars æquè cale&longs;cat ab igni.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>P<emph type="italics"/>aruus<emph.end type="italics"/> V<emph type="italics"/>ncus ferreus.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Præterea &longs;i quando mi&longs;tura &longs;atis plumbi n on habuerit, addito cum forci <lb/>pe ferrea, uel cochleari æneo, cui manubrium prælongum e&longs;t, tantum eius, <lb/><expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan> &longs;atis e&longs;t. </s> <s>Ne uerò mi&longs;tura frige&longs;cat, id ip&longs;um ante concalefacito: &longs;ed <lb/>&longs;atius e&longs;t primo tantum plumbum, quanto opus e&longs;t ad uenam excoquen­<lb/>dam, addere, quàm po&longs;tea cùm dimidia excoctio perfecta fuerit: ne totum <lb/><expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> abeat in fumum, &longs;ed pars eius fixa permaneat. </s> <s>Porrò ubi calor ignis iam <lb/>ferè con&longs;ump&longs;erit plumbum, tunc aurum argentumué, uarijs coloribus ef­<lb/>flore&longs;cit: at ubi totum fuerit con&longs;umptum, auri uel argenti re&longs;idet in catillo: <lb/>quam &longs;tatim ex fornacula eximito, ma&longs;&longs;ulamque, dum adhuc calet, ex eo ex­<lb/>trahito, ne cinis ad eam adhære&longs;cat: quod plerunque fit, &longs;i ma&longs;&longs;ula, ubi iam re­<lb/>frixerit, ex eo extrahatur. </s> <s>Quod &longs;i etiam tunc cinis ad eam adhæ&longs;erit, cultro <lb/>non radito, ne aliquid pereat, atque experimentum fiat fal&longs;um: &longs;ed forcipe fer <lb/>rea comprimito, ut cinis di&longs;&longs;iliat ip&longs;o pre&longs;&longs;u. </s> <s>Vtile denique e&longs;t duo, triaué uni <lb/>us uenæ experimenta facere eodem tempore, ut &longs;i forte unum non &longs;ucce&longs;&longs;e­<lb/>rit, ex altero aut &longs;altem ex tertio certior fieri po&longs;&longs;is. </s> <s>At interea dum artifex <lb/>uenam experitur ne uehemens ignis calor oculos eius lædat, quia &longs;æpius in <lb/>tro&longs;picere, accurateque con&longs;iderare omnia nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t, utile erit ei &longs;emper in <lb/>promptu habere tabellam ligneam &longs;ubtilem, latam duos palmos, <expan abbr="habent&etilde;">habentem</expan> <lb/><expan abbr="manubriũ">manubrium</expan> quo teneatur, atque per mediam latitudinem exci&longs;am, ut per eam <lb/>qua&longs;i rimam quandam po&longs;&longs;it cernere.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>T<emph type="italics"/>abellæ manubrium<emph.end type="italics"/> A. E<emph type="italics"/>ius rima<emph.end type="italics"/> B.</s></p><figure></figure><pb pagenum="190"/><p type="main"> <s>Verùm plumbum, quod uenæ metallicæ argentum combibit, horæ par <lb/>tium trium de quatuor &longs;pacio ignis con&longs;umit in catillo cinereo. </s> <s>Experimen <lb/>to autem perfecto ex fornacula eximitur tegula, rutroque ferreo extrahitur <lb/>cinis non modo ex latericia et ferrea, &longs;ed ex fictili etiam, ne eam deponere de <lb/>pede opus &longs;it. </s> <s>At ex uena in catillum triangularem coniecta &longs;ic conflatur <lb/>ma&longs;&longs;ula, ex qua po&longs;tea conficitur metallum. </s> <s>Primò in circulum ferreum im­<lb/>ponuntur prunæ carbonesque: deinde catillus triangularis, qui continet ue­<lb/>nam, atque res quæ eam liquefacere atque à recremento purgare po&longs;&longs;unt: tum <lb/>folle duplicato excitatur ignis, uenaque tamdiu coquitur, u&longs;que dum ma&longs;&longs;ula <lb/>in fundo catilli re&longs;ideat. </s> <s>Duplicem rationem uenarum experiendarum e&longs;&longs;e <lb/>demon&longs;trauimus: unam qua in catillo fictili plumbum mi&longs;cetur cum uena, <lb/>deinde in cinereo rur&longs;us ab eo &longs;eparatur: alteram, qua excoquitur primo in <lb/>catillo fictili triangulari, deinde in altero fictili cum plumbo permi&longs;cetur, <expan abbr="tũ">tum</expan> <lb/>in cinereo rur&longs;us ab eo &longs;eparatur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nũc">Nunc</expan> uideamus utra cuique uenæ magis <expan abbr="cõ">com</expan> <lb/>ueniat: aut &longs;i neutra ei conueniat, <expan abbr="quonã">quonam</expan> aliò, alio modo ip&longs;am experiri po&longs;­<lb/>&longs;imus: &longs;ed iure ordimur ab auri uena, ouam utraque ratione &longs;olemus experiri: <lb/>etenim &longs;i illa diues fuerit, & nobis igni non repugnare uideatur, &longs;ed facilè li­<lb/>que&longs;cere, eius centumpondium, minora pondera intelligimus, unà cum &longs;e&longs;­<lb/>cuntia uel duabus uncijs plumbi, de maioribus ponderibus loquimur, mi­<lb/>&longs;tum conijcitur in <expan abbr="catillũ">catillum</expan> fictilem, & igni coquuntur u&longs;que eo dum bene per­<lb/>mi&longs;ceant<gap/>: quia uerò talis etiam uena <expan abbr="interdũ">interdum</expan> excoctioni repugnat, ad eam <lb/>adijcito parum &longs;alis <expan abbr="cõmunis">communis</expan> torrefacti aut artificio&longs;i: id enim ip&longs;um expug <lb/>nabit, facietque ne mi&longs;tura multum <expan abbr="recremem&etilde;tum">recremementum</expan> contrahat: &longs;æpius autem <lb/>ea filo ferreo moueto, ut plumbum undiquaque circumeat aurum, idque ab&longs;or <lb/>beat & expuat purgamenta: quod ubi factum fuerit, mi&longs;turam eximito & à <lb/>recrementis purgato: tum eam conijcito in catillum cinereum & coquito, <lb/>u&longs;que eò, dum exhalet totum plumbum, aurique ma&longs;&longs;ula re&longs;ideat in fundo: &longs;in <lb/>auri uena igni <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> facile lique&longs;cere ui&longs;a fuerit, eam urito, & pueri impuberis <lb/>urina, quæ &longs;alem <expan abbr="cõbiberit">combiberit</expan>, re&longs;tinguito: quod iterum ac &longs;æpius facito: quò <lb/>enim illam &longs;æpius u&longs;&longs;eris & re&longs;tinxeris, eò facilius <expan abbr="cõminui">comminui</expan> pote&longs;t, atque citi­<lb/>us igni lique&longs;cit, & quicquid habet recrementi, ex&longs;udat. </s> <s>Huius uenæ u&longs;tæ, <lb/><expan abbr="cõminutæ">comminutæ</expan>, lauatæ partem unam cum alicuius pulueris <expan abbr="cõpo&longs;iti">compo&longs;iti</expan>, qui uenas <lb/>liquefacit, partibus tribus & plumbi partibus &longs;ex <expan abbr="cõmi&longs;ceto">commi&longs;ceto</expan>: atque mi&longs;turam <lb/>inijcito in catillum triangularem: quem in circulum ferreum, ad quem follis <lb/>duplicatis pertinet, imponito: atque primùm lento igni coquito, deinde &longs;en­<lb/>&longs;im acriori u&longs;que dum lique&longs;cat, & aquæ in&longs;tar fluat. </s> <s>Quod &longs;i uena liquefacta <lb/>non fuerit, ad eam plu&longs;culum i&longs;tiu&longs;modi additamenti, cum æqua &longs;pumæ ar <lb/>genti fuluæ portione permi&longs;ti, addito: & filo ferreo <expan abbr="cand&etilde;te">candente</expan> agitato u&longs;que ad <lb/>eum finem dum omnis lique&longs;cat: tum ex circulo <expan abbr="catillũ">catillum</expan> eximito: & <expan abbr="ma&longs;&longs;ulã">ma&longs;&longs;ulam</expan>, <lb/>ubi refrixerit, decutito: quam <expan abbr="purgatã">purgatam</expan> prius in altero catillo fictili coquito, <lb/>po&longs;terius in cinereo. </s> <s>Aurum denique, quod in catilli fundo re&longs;edit, <expan abbr="extractũ">extractum</expan> <lb/>& refrigeratum coticulæ atterito, ut cogno&longs;cere po&longs;&longs;is quota in eo in&longs;it ar­<lb/>genti portio: aut uenæ auri centumpondium minoris ponderis in catillum <lb/>triangularem conijcito, & ad eam addito recrementi uitri drachmam maio­<lb/>ris ponderis. </s> <s>Quod &longs;i excoctioni repugnabit, adijcito fecis uini &longs;iccæ & u­<pb pagenum="191"/>&longs;tæ dimidiam drachmam. </s> <s>Quod &longs;i etiam tum repugnabit, tantundem fecis <lb/>aceti, aut aquarum, quæ aurum ab <expan abbr="arg&etilde;to">argento</expan> &longs;ecernunt, etiam u&longs;tæ, atque ma&longs;&longs;u­<lb/>la in fundo catilli re&longs;idebit: quam iterum coquito in altero catillo fictili, ter­<lb/>tiò in cinereo. </s> <s>Sed utrum pyrites aurum in &longs;e contineat necne, anteaquam <lb/>in fornacula excoquatur, &longs;ic cogno&longs;cimus. </s> <s>Si ter crematus, ter acri aceto re­<lb/>&longs;tinctus, non fuerit fractus, nec ei color immutatus, auri particeps e&longs;t: &longs;ed a­<lb/>cetum, quo re&longs;tinguitur, permi&longs;tum &longs;it, uel cum hominis urina uel cum &longs;ale, <lb/>qui in ip&longs;um coniectus & &longs;æpius agitatus triduo re&longs;oluitur: nec pyrites au­<lb/>ro caret, qui cùm crematus coticulæ atteritur, eam <expan abbr="eod&etilde;">eodem</expan> modo colorat, quo <lb/>cùm atterebatur crudus, colorabat. </s> <s>Nec auri expers e&longs;t is, cuius <expan abbr="ramentũ">ramentum</expan> lo­<lb/>tura collectum igni coctum facilè lique&longs;cit, olet parum, pulchrum remanet: <lb/>&longs;ed id ip&longs;um cùm igni coquitur, in carbonem excauatum inijcitur, & altero <lb/>carbone tegitur. </s> <s>Quinetiam uenam auri, &longs;eu potius eius arenam & <expan abbr="ramentũ">ramentum</expan> <lb/>lotura, uel <expan abbr="puluer&etilde;">puluerem</expan> alio modo collectum &longs;ine igni experimur: nam eius pau­<lb/>lum aqua madefacti & igni &longs;ic calfacti, ut <expan abbr="odor&etilde;">odorem</expan> incipiat expirare, pars una, <lb/>argenti uiui partes duæ primò conijciuntur in patinam ligneam, catini mo <lb/>do profundam: & <expan abbr="cõmi&longs;centur">commi&longs;centur</expan>: deinde cum pauca urina duarum horarum <lb/>&longs;pacio <expan abbr="cõteruntur">conteruntur</expan>: & quidem pi&longs;tillo ligneo, donec mi&longs;tura farinæ ex aqua <lb/>&longs;ubactæ in&longs;tar cra&longs;&longs;e&longs;cat: & nec <expan abbr="arg&etilde;tum">argentum</expan> uiuum à ramento lotura collecto, <lb/>neque <expan abbr="ram&etilde;tum">ramentum</expan> lotura collectum ab argento uiuo dino&longs;ci po&longs;&longs;it. </s> <s>Tum aqua <lb/>calida uel &longs;altem tepida, in <expan abbr="patinã">patinam</expan> infu&longs;a u&longs;que eo lauatur dum effundatur pu <lb/>ra: deinde in eandem patinam infunditur frigida, ac mox argentum uiuum, <lb/>quod aurum omne ab&longs;orbuit, à reliquo ramento lotura collecto <expan abbr="&longs;ecretũ">&longs;ecretum</expan> in <lb/>unum confluit: po&longs;tea id ab auro hac ratione &longs;eparatur. </s> <s>Olla tegitur linteo, <lb/>filorum lini xylini contextu facto, uel aluta tenui: in cuius mediam <expan abbr="part&etilde;">partem</expan> ma <lb/>nu depre&longs;&longs;am mi&longs;tura infunditur: po&longs;t aluta complicata funiculo incerato <lb/>ligatur, & argentum uiuum per eam expre&longs;&longs;um patina excipit. </s> <s>Aurum ue­<lb/>rò, quod in aluta re&longs;edit, in catillum fictilem effunditur, atque ardentibus car <lb/>bonibus appo&longs;itis purgatur. </s> <s>Alij &longs;purciciam non eluunt aqua calida, &longs;ed a­<lb/>cri lixiuio & aceto: eos enim liquores in ollam infundunt, & in eandem ra­<lb/>mentum lotura collectum cum argento uiuo permi&longs;tum <expan abbr="cõijciunt">conijciunt</expan>: mox ol­<lb/>lam <expan abbr="reponũt">reponunt</expan> in loco tepido, po&longs;t horas quatuor & uiginti liquores <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> &longs;pur <lb/>cicia effundunt, & <expan abbr="argentũ">argentum</expan> uiuum eo, quo dixi, modo &longs;eparant ab auro: de­<lb/>inde in urceum, in terra defo&longs;&longs;um, hominis urinam infundunt: & urceo im <lb/>ponunt ollam, cuius fundum habet foramen: inque eam aurum <expan abbr="inijciũt">inijciunt</expan>, & o­<lb/>perculo tectam oblinunt: <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> quà cum urceo coniungitur: tum igni <expan abbr="coquũt">coquunt</expan> <lb/>donec rube&longs;cat olla. </s> <s><expan abbr="Refrigeratũ">Refrigeratum</expan> po&longs;tremò <expan abbr="aurũ">aurum</expan>, &longs;i æs in eo ine&longs;t, cum plum <lb/>bo excoquunt in catillo cinereo, ut id ip&longs;um æs ab eo &longs;eparari po&longs;&longs;it: &longs;in ar­<lb/>gentum, ab eo aqua, quæ hæc duo &longs;ecernit metalla, &longs;eparant. </s> <s>Quidam, cùm <lb/>aurum &longs;ecernunt ab argento uiuo, mi&longs;turam in alutam non infundunt, &longs;ed <lb/>eam inijciunt in uas fictile cucurbitinum, quod in fornacula locatum carbo <lb/>nibus ardentibus &longs;en&longs;im calfaciunt: mox operculi foramen bractea ferrea te <lb/>gunt: quæ humore &longs;udat. </s> <s>Sed quamprimum amplius non &longs;udauerit, eam lu <lb/>to oblinunt: & ad breue tempus <expan abbr="coquũt">coquunt</expan>: po&longs;t operculum de olla <expan abbr="remou&etilde;t">remouent</expan>: <lb/>& argentum uiuum, quod ad ip&longs;um adhæret, pede leporino <expan abbr="deterg&etilde;tes">detergentes</expan> ad <pb pagenum="192"/>eandem operam re&longs;eruant: &longs;ed hac ratione <expan abbr="arg&etilde;ti">argenti</expan> uiui plus, illa minus perit. </s> <s><lb/>At uena argenti &longs;i diues fuerit, quale e&longs;t argentum rude, &longs;ed &longs;æpius &longs;ui colo <lb/>ris uel plumbei, rarius cinereum, nigrum, rubrum, purpureum, luteum, po&longs;t <lb/>quam purgatum & <expan abbr="calefactũ">calefactum</expan> fuerit, eius centumpondium, minus pondus <lb/>intelligo, in plumbi, in catillo cinereo liquefacti, unciam conijcitur & coqui <lb/>tur, u&longs;que eò, dum mi&longs;tura exhalet plumbum: &longs;in pauper uel mediocris, pri­<lb/>mò exiccari debet, deinde comminui, tum ad eius centumpondium plum­<lb/>bi uncia <expan abbr="adiũgi">adiungi</expan>, & in catillo fictili coqui quoad lique&longs;cat. </s> <s>Quæ &longs;i mox ignis <lb/>calore liquata non fuerit, ei oportet paucum puluerem primi additamenti <lb/>compo&longs;iti in&longs;pergere: atque &longs;i tunc etiam liquata non fuerit, iterum atque <expan abbr="iterũ">iterum</expan> <lb/>paucum donec lique&longs;cat & recrementum ex&longs;udet: ut uerò id citius perficia­<lb/>tur puluis in&longs;per&longs;us agitetur filo ferreo: po&longs;tquam catillus è fornacula fue­<lb/>rit exemptus, temperatura infundatur in foramen lateris cocti: ubi cùm re­<lb/>frixerit à recremento purgata, inijciatur in catillum cinereum & coquatur, <lb/>u&longs;que dum ip&longs;a omne plumbum exhalet. </s> <s>Argenti, quod in catillo remanet, <lb/>pondus indicat quotam argenti portionem uena in &longs;e contineat. </s> <s>Sed æris <lb/>uenam &longs;ine plumbo experimur: nam &longs;i cum eo fuerit excocta, æs euolare &longs;o <lb/>let & di&longs;&longs;ipari: itaque talis uena certo pondere primo uritur & acri igni cre­<lb/>matur circiter &longs;ex aut octo horas. </s> <s>Deinde cùm refrixerit, <expan abbr="cõminuitur">comminuitur</expan> & la­<lb/>uatur: tum ramentum lotura collectum rur&longs;us crematur, <expan abbr="cõminuitur">comminuitur</expan>, laua­<lb/>tur, &longs;iccatur, expenditur: portio, quam, dum cremaretur & lauaretur, perdi­<lb/>dit, reuocatur ad calculos: quod ramentum lotura <expan abbr="collectũ">collectum</expan> pro pane, ex ue­<lb/>na æris conflato, habetur: huius tria centumpondia cum &longs;quamæ æris, hali­<lb/>nitri, uitri Venetiani &longs;ingulorum totidem centumpondijs <expan abbr="cõmi&longs;ta">commi&longs;ta</expan> in catil­<lb/>lum triangularem inijcito, eumque in circulum ferreum, qui e&longs;t in foco cami­<lb/>ni ante follem <expan abbr="duplicatũ">duplicatum</expan> collocatus, imponito: & carbone, ut ne quid in ue­<lb/>nam excoquendam incidat, & citius lique&longs;cat, tegito. </s> <s>Primò autem <expan abbr="&longs;piritũ">&longs;piritum</expan> <lb/>folle leniter efflato ut uena &longs;en&longs;im igni cale&longs;cat: deinde ualenter: tum ualenti <lb/>us, donec lique&longs;cat, & quæ ad <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> addita &longs;unt, ignis con&longs;umat, atque ip&longs;a, quic­<lb/>quid habet <expan abbr="recrem&etilde;ti">recrementi</expan>, ex&longs;udet: po&longs;tea catillum extractum refrigerato, ac eo <lb/>tandem fracto inuenies æs, quod expendito ut &longs;cire po&longs;&longs;is quotam rur&longs;us <lb/>uenæ partem ignis con&longs;ump&longs;erit. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quidã">Quidam</expan> <expan abbr="uenã">uenam</expan> &longs;emel <expan abbr="tantũmodo">tantummodo</expan> cremant, <lb/><expan abbr="cõminuunt">comminuunt</expan>, lauant: atque i&longs;tiu&longs;modi <expan abbr="ram&etilde;ti">ramenti</expan> lotura collecti accipiunt tria cen­<lb/>tumpondia, &longs;alis <expan abbr="cõmunis">communis</expan>, fecis uíni u&longs;tæ, recrementi uitri, &longs;ingulorum <expan abbr="cen-tũpondium">cen­<lb/>tumpondium</expan> unum: & ea coquunt in catillo <expan abbr="triãgulari">triangulari</expan>: qui, ubi refrixerit, in­<lb/>uenitur ma&longs;&longs;ula æris puri, &longs;i uena eius metalli diues &longs;uerit: &longs;in minus, ma&longs;&longs;u­<lb/>la lapidea, cui æs e&longs;t immi&longs;tum: quæ rur&longs;us crematur, tunditur, iterumque ex­<lb/>coquitur in altero catillo fictili, adiectis lapidibus facile lique&longs;centib. </s> <s>& hali <lb/>nitro: atque re&longs;idet in fundo catilli æris puri ma&longs;&longs;ula. </s> <s>Quod &longs;i &longs;cire uolueris, <lb/>quota in ip&longs;o <expan abbr="arg&etilde;ti">argenti</expan> portio in&longs;it, id ad ip&longs;um adiecto plumbo excoquito in <lb/>catillo cinereo: de quo experimento dicam po&longs;tea. </s> <s>Qui uerò mox &longs;cire cupi <lb/>unt, quotam argenti portionem uena æris in &longs;e contineat, hi eam cremant, <lb/><expan abbr="cõminuunt">comminuunt</expan>, lauant, cum ramenti lotura collecti, centumpondio <expan abbr="paucã">paucam</expan> &longs;pu­<lb/>mam argenti &longs;uluam <expan abbr="cõmi&longs;cent">commi&longs;cent</expan>, mi&longs;turam inijciunt in catillum, quem &longs;ub te <lb/>gulam ardentis fornaculæ collocant, ad horæ dimidiæ &longs;pacium: ubi cùm <pb pagenum="193"/>propter uim lique&longs;cendi, quæ ine&longs;t in &longs;puma argenti, recrementum ex&longs;uda­<lb/>uerit, eximunt: refrigeratam à recremento purgant, rur&longs;usque eam comminu <lb/>unt: cum eius centumpondio &longs;e&longs;cuntiam globulorum <expan abbr="plumbeorũ">plumbeorum</expan> mi&longs;cent: <lb/>inijciunt in alterum catillum fictilem: quem &longs;ub tegulam ardentis fornacu­<lb/>læ collocant adijcientes ad mi&longs;turam <expan abbr="paucũ">paucum</expan> puluerem alicuius additamen­<lb/>ti compo&longs;iti, quod uenas liquefacit: liquatam eximunt: refrigeratam à <expan abbr="recre-m&etilde;to">recre­<lb/>mento</expan> purgant. </s> <s>Po&longs;tremò eam <expan abbr="coquũt">coquunt</expan> in catillo cinereo, quoad omne plum <lb/>bum exhalauerit, &longs;olumque argentum reman&longs;erit. </s> <s>Nigri autem plumbi <expan abbr="uenã">uenam</expan> <lb/>i&longs;to modo experiri conuenit: lapidis plumbarij puri &longs;emunciam, & chry&longs;o­<lb/>collæ, quam boracem uocant, tantundem <expan abbr="cõminuito">comminuito</expan>, permi&longs;ceto, in <expan abbr="catillũ">catillum</expan> <lb/>fictilem inijcito, carbonem <expan abbr="ardent&etilde;">ardentem</expan> in media eius parte collocato: quampri­<lb/>mum chry&longs;ocolla crepuerit, & lapis plumbarius liquefactus fuerit, quod ci­<lb/>to eis accidit, carbonem à catillo amoueto: & in ip&longs;ius fundo plumbum re&longs;i <lb/>debit: quod expendito: & eius portionem, quam ignis con&longs;ump&longs;it, ad calcu <lb/>los reuocato. </s> <s>Si uerò etiam &longs;cire uolueris, quota argenti particula in plum­<lb/>bo in&longs;it, id in catillo cinereo excoquito, u&longs;que dum omne plumbum exhalet. </s> <s><lb/>Vel uenam plumbi qualemcunque urito, lauato, ramenti lotura collecti cen­<lb/>tumpondium & pulueris compo&longs;iti, qui uenas liquefacit, tria centumpon­<lb/>dia commi&longs;ta in catillum fictilem inijcito, & in circulum ferreum colloca­<lb/>to ut lique&longs;cat: refrigeratum à <expan abbr="recrem&etilde;to">recremento</expan> purgato: atque reliqua, ut <expan abbr="dictũ">dictum</expan> e&longs;t, <lb/>perficito. </s> <s>Vel accipito uenæ præparatæ uncias duas, æris u&longs;ti drachmas <lb/>quinque, uitri aut recrementi eius in puluerem redacti unciam unam, &longs;alis <expan abbr="&longs;e-mũciam">&longs;e­<lb/>munciam</expan>, & mi&longs;ceto: atque mi&longs;turam in <expan abbr="catillũ">catillum</expan> triangularem conijcito, eumque<lb/>lento igni calefacito ne <expan abbr="di&longs;rũpatur">di&longs;rumpatur</expan>. </s> <s>Vbi mi&longs;tura liquefacta fuerit ignem fol­<lb/>le magis excitato: deinde ex prunis eximito catillume, t &longs;inito refrige&longs;cere in <lb/>aere: aqua uerò non perfu dito, ne plumbi ma&longs;&longs;ula nimio frigore commota <lb/>cum recrementis mi&longs;ceatur: atque &longs;ic experimentum fiat fal&longs;um: po&longs;tquam au <lb/>tem catillus refrixerit, in eius fundo inuenies ma&longs;&longs;ulam plumbeam. </s> <s>Vel acci <lb/>pito uenæ uncias duas, &longs;pumæ argenti <expan abbr="&longs;emunciã">&longs;emunciam</expan>, uitri Venetiani drachmas <lb/>duas, halinitri &longs;emunciam. </s> <s>Quod &longs;i uena difficulter excoquitur, ad eam ad­<lb/>ijcito &longs;cobem ferri elimatam, quæ, quia ualde calefacit, <expan abbr="purgam&etilde;ta">purgamenta</expan> facile &longs;e­<lb/>cernit à plumbo ac reliquis metallis. </s> <s>Quinetiam uena plumbi nigri, ut con­<lb/>uenit, præparata conijcitur in catillum, & &longs;olum ad eam adijciuntur arenæ à <lb/>lapide facile lique&longs;cente re&longs;olutæ, aut &longs;cobs ferri elimata, & experimentum <lb/>perficitur. </s> <s>Venam uerò plumbi candidi hac ratione experiri poteris: eam <lb/>primò urito, deinde comminuito, tum lauato: ramentum lotura collectum <lb/>rur&longs;us urito, comminuito, lauato: eius centumpondium unum & <expan abbr="dimidiũ">dimidium</expan> <lb/>cum chry&longs;ocollæ, quam boracem nominant, centumpondio <expan abbr="cõmi&longs;ceto">commi&longs;ceto</expan>: ex <lb/>mi&longs;tura, aquis madefacta, ma&longs;&longs;ulam formato, po&longs;tea carbonem magnum & <lb/>teretem perforato. </s> <s>Foramen <expan abbr="aũt">aunt</expan> altum &longs;it palmum, &longs;uperius latum digitos <lb/>tres, inferius angu&longs;tum: hoc, cùm collocatur carbo, inferiorem locum, illud <lb/>&longs;uperiorem occupet. </s> <s>Collocetur uerò in catinum fictilem, & undique ad eum <lb/>apponantur carbones ardentes. </s> <s>Vbi uerò carbo perforatus ignem conce­<lb/>perit, ma&longs;&longs;ula in &longs;uperius eius foramen imponitur, & lato carbone ardente <lb/>tegitur: atque pluribus earbonibus circum eum appo&longs;itis folle acris ignis ex­<pb pagenum="194"/>citatur, donec omne plumbum candidum ex inferiore carbonis foramine <lb/>defluxerit in catinum. </s> <s>Vel accipito carbonem magnum, eumque excauato & <lb/>luto oblinito, ne uena candens exiliat. </s> <s>Præterea in media eius parte facito fo <lb/><expan abbr="ram&etilde;">ramen</expan> paruum: magnum <expan abbr="aũt">aunt</expan> foramen carbunculis minutis completo: &longs;uper <lb/>quos uenam proijcito: at in paruum foramen imponito ignem, & follis ma­<lb/>nualis narem ut ignem excitare po&longs;&longs;is: uerùm carbonem eum locato in fo­<lb/>uea luto oblita: in qua excoctione perfecta inuenies ma&longs;&longs;ulam plumbi can­<lb/>didi. </s> <s>At uenam plumbi cinerei hoc modo experimur: eius fragmenta in ca <lb/>tillum fictilem inijcimus, & &longs;ub tegulam ardentis fornaculæ collocamus: <lb/>quamprimum calefacta fuerint, &longs;tillant plumbo: quod in unam <expan abbr="ma&longs;&longs;ulã">ma&longs;&longs;ulam</expan> con <lb/>fluit. </s> <s>Venam uerò argenti uiui &longs;ic experiri conuenit: <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> parte una fragmen <lb/><expan abbr="torũ">torum</expan> eius tres partes pulueris <expan abbr="carbonũ">carbonum</expan>, et <expan abbr="manipulũ">manipulum</expan> &longs;alis <expan abbr="cõmi&longs;ceto">commi&longs;ceto</expan>: <expan abbr="mi&longs;turã">mi&longs;turam</expan> <lb/>in <expan abbr="catinũ">catinum</expan>, uel ollam uel <expan abbr="urceũ">urceum</expan> inijcito, operculo tegito: luto oblinito: in car­<lb/>bones ardentes imponito: po&longs;tquam ei in&longs;ederit u&longs;tæ color catinum extra­<lb/>hito: nam &longs;i diutius ip&longs;um coxeris, mi&longs;tura argentum uiuum, unà cum fumo <lb/>exhalat: quod ip&longs;um in fundo catini uel alterius ua&longs;is refrigerati inuenitur. </s> <s><lb/>Aut uenam eius tritam inijcito in uas fictile cucurbitinum, & id in fornacu­<lb/>lam imponito, atque operculo, cui longa e&longs;t naris, contegito: nari autem &longs;up­<lb/>ponito ampullam, quæ recipiat argentum uiuum, quo ip&longs;a &longs;tillat: &longs;it uerò a­<lb/>qua frigida in ampullam infu&longs;a, ut argentum uiuum igni <expan abbr="concalefactũ">concalefactum</expan> con­<lb/>tinuo refrigeretur & confluat: nam argentum uiuum ui ignis in &longs;ublime fer <lb/>tur, & per operculi narem in ampullam defluit. </s> <s>Experimur etiam uenam ar­<lb/>genti uiui eodem plane modo, quo eam excoquimus: quem &longs;uo loco expli­<lb/>cabimus. </s> <s>Po&longs;tremò uenam ferri experimur in camino fabri ferrarij: eadem <lb/>uritur, <expan abbr="cõminuitur">comminuitur</expan>, lauatur, &longs;iccatur: magnes in ramentum lotura collectum <lb/>imponitur, qui &longs;cobem ferream ad &longs;e trahit: ea pennis deter&longs;a catino excipi­<lb/>tur: atque magnes u&longs;que eò in ramentum lotura collectum imponitur, & &longs;cobs <lb/>detergitur, dum re&longs;tet, quam ad &longs;e alliciat. </s> <s>Ea <expan abbr="aũt">aunt</expan> &longs;imul cum halinitro coqui <lb/>tur in catino donec lique&longs;cat, & ex ea ferrea ma&longs;&longs;ulula <expan abbr="cõfletur">confletur</expan>. </s> <s>Quod &longs;i ma <lb/>gnes citò, facileque &longs;cobem ad &longs;e traxerit, uenam ferri diuitem e&longs;&longs;e <expan abbr="cõijcimus">conijcimus</expan>: <lb/>&longs;i tardè, pauperem: &longs;i pror&longs;us eam re&longs;puere ui&longs;us fuerit, ferri paulum, aut ni­<lb/>hil in &longs;e continere. </s> <s>Sed de experimento <expan abbr="uenarũ">uenarum</expan> metallicarum &longs;atis: nunc di­<lb/>cam de metallorum experimento. </s> <s>Quod utile e&longs;t tum monetarijs & merca <lb/>toribus, qui metalla emunt & uendunt: tum metallicis, &longs;ed maxime domi­<lb/>nis & præfectis fodinarum: atque dominis & præfectis officinarum, in qui­<lb/>bus metalla excoquuntur, aut alterum ab altero &longs;eparatur. </s> <s>Primò autem di­<lb/>cam quomodo experiri <expan abbr="cõueniat">conueniat</expan> quotam precio&longs;i metalli partem uile in &longs;e <lb/>contineat: &longs;ed aurum & argentum habentur nunc precio&longs;a, reliqua uerò o­<lb/>mnia uilia. </s> <s>Quondam metalla uilia combu&longs;ta &longs;unt, ut precio&longs;a pura haberi <lb/>po&longs;&longs;ent. </s> <s>Veteres etiam u&longs;tione indagarunt quotam argenti portionem au­<lb/>rum in &longs;e contineret: eoque modo omne <expan abbr="argentũ">argentum</expan> con&longs;umebatur: quæ non le­<lb/>uis iactura fuit: <expan abbr="attam&etilde;">attamen</expan> Archimedes nobilis mathematicus, Hieroni regi gra <lb/>tifi caturus inuenit rationem idem deprehendendi non <expan abbr="admodũ">admodum</expan> <expan abbr="promptã">promptam</expan>, <lb/>& qua ma&longs;&longs;a magna accuratius quam parua explorari pote&longs;t: <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> in <expan abbr="cõmen">commen</expan> <lb/>tarijs <expan abbr="exponã">exponam</expan>. </s> <s>Sed <expan abbr="chymi&longs;tarũ">chymi&longs;tarum</expan> &longs;ectatores o&longs;tenderun<gap/> rationem &longs;ecernendi <pb pagenum="195"/><expan abbr="argentũ">argentum</expan> ab auro, qua <expan abbr="neutrũ">neutrum</expan> perit. </s> <s><expan abbr="Aurũ">Aurum</expan> <expan abbr="aũt">aunt</expan>, in quo ine&longs;t <expan abbr="argentũ">argentum</expan>: uel argen <lb/>tum, in quo aurum, primò coticulæ atteratur: deinde eidem acus auri uel ar­<lb/>genti &longs;imillima: quo modo ex lineis productis cogno&longs;citur, quota argenti <lb/>portio in auro in&longs;it, quota auri in argento: mox ad <expan abbr="argentũ">argentum</expan>, quod e&longs;t in au­<lb/>ro, adijciatur tanta eiu&longs;dem portio, ut auri <expan abbr="triplũ">triplum</expan> &longs;it. </s> <s>Tum <expan abbr="plumbũ">plumbum</expan> inijciatur <lb/>in <expan abbr="catillũ">catillum</expan> <expan abbr="cinereũ">cinereum</expan>, & coquatur: paulò po&longs;t in <expan abbr="eund&etilde;">eundem</expan> inijciatur <expan abbr="paucũ">paucum</expan> æs: ut­<lb/>pote eius &longs;emuncia, uel &longs;emuncia & &longs;icilicus minoris ponderis: &longs;i <expan abbr="aurũ">aurum</expan> uel ar <lb/><expan abbr="gentũ">gentum</expan> <expan abbr="aliquã">aliquam</expan> æris <expan abbr="particulã">particulam</expan> in &longs;e non contineat. </s> <s>Etenim catillus, cùm plum­<lb/>bum & æs de&longs;unt, quæ con&longs;umat, <expan abbr="particulã">particulam</expan> auri & argenti ad &longs;e allicit & <expan abbr="cõ">com</expan> <lb/>bibit. </s> <s>Tandem auri trientem & argenti libram in <expan abbr="eund&etilde;">eundem</expan> <expan abbr="catinũ">catinum</expan> inijcere et co <lb/>quere conuenit: nam &longs;i aurum & <expan abbr="argentũ">argentum</expan> primò in <expan abbr="catillũ">catillum</expan> coniecta coquan­<lb/>tur, is, utiam dixi, <expan abbr="particulã">particulam</expan> eius conbibit, & <expan abbr="aurũ">aurum</expan>, cùm ab argento <expan abbr="&longs;eparatũ">&longs;eparatum</expan> <lb/>fuerit, purum non inuenitur. </s> <s>Coquantur uerò hæc metalla u&longs;que dum ip&longs;um <lb/><expan abbr="plumbũ">plumbum</expan> & æs con&longs;umantur: atque <expan abbr="iterũ">iterum</expan> idem utriu&longs;que pondus eodem modo <lb/>coquatur in altero catillo cinereo: utraque ma&longs;&longs;ula malleo percu&longs;&longs;a dilatetur: <lb/>utraque bracteola in fi&longs;tulæ figuram formetur: utraque conijciatur in paruam <lb/><expan abbr="ampullã">ampullam</expan> uitream: quibus tertiæ aquæ ualentis, <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> decimo libro <expan abbr="de&longs;cribã">de&longs;cribam</expan>, <lb/>uncia & drachma maioris ponderis affundantur: lento igni calefiant: quo­<lb/>modo bullulæ figura margaritis a&longs;&longs;imiles ad fi&longs;tulas adhære&longs;cere uidentur. </s> <s><lb/>Quo <expan abbr="aut&etilde;">autem</expan> maior rubor apparuerit, eo melior e&longs;&longs;e aqua iudicatur. </s> <s>Sed po&longs;t­<lb/>quam rubor euanuerit, bullulæ candidæ margaritis non tantum figura, &longs;ed <lb/><expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> colore &longs;imiles <expan abbr="ei&longs;d&etilde;">ei&longs;dem</expan> fi&longs;tulis uidentur in&longs;idere: po&longs;t breue tempus aqua <lb/>effundatur, & infundatur altera: <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> ea rur&longs;us bullulas candidas &longs;ex uel octo <lb/>excitauerit, effundatur & fi&longs;tulæ <expan abbr="eximãtur">eximantur</expan>: atque quater aut quinquies aqua <lb/>fontana lauentur: magis uerò <expan abbr="coquãtur">coquantur</expan> ex <expan abbr="ead&etilde;">eadem</expan> bulliente: nam colore clario <lb/>re <expan abbr="&longs;plend&etilde;t">&longs;plendent</expan>: po&longs;tea in <expan abbr="aureã">auream</expan> <expan abbr="phialã">phialam</expan>, quæ in manu teneatur, <expan abbr="cõiectæ">coniectæ</expan> &longs;en&longs;im le­<lb/>ni ignis calore <expan abbr="&longs;icc&etilde;tur">&longs;iccentur</expan>: mox phiala imponatur in carbones <expan abbr="ard&etilde;tes">ardentes</expan>, et carbo <lb/>nibus tegatur, ac oris flatu modico <expan abbr="in&longs;pir&etilde;tur">in&longs;pirentur</expan>: tunc <expan abbr="flammã">flammam</expan> <expan abbr="cæruleã">cæruleam</expan> <expan abbr="emitt&etilde;t">emittent</expan>: <lb/>ad <expan abbr="extremũ">extremum</expan> fi&longs;tulæ <expan abbr="app&etilde;dantur">appendantur</expan>, quib. </s> <s>&longs;i par pondus erit, artifex <expan abbr="harũ">harum</expan> <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> la <lb/><expan abbr="bor&etilde;">borem</expan> fru&longs;tra non &longs;u&longs;cepit. </s> <s>Po&longs;tremò ambæ in altera lance po&longs;itæ ponderen <lb/>tur. </s> <s>Vnæ <expan abbr="tantũmodo">tantummodo</expan> quaternæ &longs;iliquæ <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="numer&etilde;tur">numerentur</expan> propter <expan abbr="argentũ">argentum</expan> &qring;d <lb/>remanet in auro, & ab eo &longs;eparari <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> pote&longs;t. </s> <s>Ex <expan abbr="fi&longs;tularũ">fi&longs;tularum</expan> <expan abbr="aũt">aunt</expan> pondu&longs;culo co <lb/>gno&longs;cimus pondus & auri & argenti &qring;d in ma&longs;&longs;a ine&longs;t. </s> <s>Quod &longs;i quis artifex <lb/><expan abbr="tantũ">tantum</expan> <expan abbr="argentũ">argentum</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> adiecerit ad <expan abbr="aurũ">aurum</expan>, ut eius <expan abbr="triplũ">triplum</expan> &longs;it, &longs;ed <expan abbr="duplũ">duplum</expan> uel <expan abbr="&longs;e&longs;tertiũ">&longs;e&longs;tertium</expan>, <lb/>ei opus e&longs;t <expan abbr="ual&etilde;tiore">ualentiore</expan> aqua, quæ aurum ab <expan abbr="arg&etilde;to">argento</expan> &longs;ecernat: qualis e&longs;t quarta: <lb/>&longs;ed <expan abbr="utrũ">utrum</expan> aqua, <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> auro & argento adhibet, eis conueniat, an plus minusué <lb/><expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> oportet ualens &longs;it, ex effectu cogno&longs;citur: mediocris bullulas in fi&longs;tulis <lb/>excitat: & <expan abbr="ampullã">ampullam</expan> atque <expan abbr="operculũ">operculum</expan> eximio rubore inficere uidetur: imbecilli­<lb/>or <expan abbr="ead&etilde;">eadem</expan> exiguo rubore tingere, <expan abbr="ual&etilde;tior">ualentior</expan> fi&longs;tulas di&longs;rumpit. </s> <s>Ad <expan abbr="argentũ">argentum</expan> ue­<lb/>rò <expan abbr="purũ">purum</expan>, in quo ine&longs;t aliqua auri portio, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> adijciatur aliud, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> in catillo cine <lb/>reo <expan abbr="coquũtur">coquuntur</expan> priu&longs;que <expan abbr="&longs;epar&etilde;tur">&longs;eparentur</expan>, &longs;ed præter <expan abbr="plumbũ">plumbum</expan> ad be&longs;&longs;em eius <expan abbr="quadrãs">quadrans</expan> <lb/>uel triens æris, minora pondera intelligo. </s> <s>At &longs;i <expan abbr="argentũ">argentum</expan> <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> in &longs;e <expan abbr="cõtineat">contineat</expan> ali <lb/><expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> æris <expan abbr="portion&etilde;">portionem</expan>, & po&longs;tque <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <expan abbr="plũbo">plumbo</expan> fuerit <expan abbr="excoctũ">excoctum</expan> appendatur, & <expan abbr="po&longs;tqueaurũ">po&longs;tque<lb/>aurum</expan> ab eo fuerit <expan abbr="&longs;ecretũ">&longs;ecretum</expan>: altero modo cogno&longs;cimus <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan> æris in eo fue­<lb/>rit, altero <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan> auri. </s> <s>Sed uilia metalla experimenti gratia <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> hodie <expan abbr="cõbu">combu</expan> <pb pagenum="196"/><expan abbr="rũtur">runtur</expan>, quod <expan abbr="tantulũ">tantulum</expan> <expan abbr="metallũ">metallum</expan> perdere <expan abbr="damnũ">damnum</expan> &longs;it <expan abbr="exiguũ">exiguum</expan>: at à magna uilis me­<lb/>talli ma&longs;&longs;a <expan abbr="metallũ">metallum</expan> precio&longs;um &longs;emper &longs;ecernitur, ut in eodem lib. 10. undeci­<lb/>moque <expan abbr="exponã">exponam</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Mi&longs;turã">Mi&longs;turam</expan> <expan abbr="aũt">aunt</expan> æris et argenti hoc modo experimur. </s> <s>Artifex ex <lb/>aliquot panibus æris excindit portiones, ex paruis paruas, ex mediocribus <lb/>mediocres, ex magnis magnas: <expan abbr="ueruntam&etilde;">ueruntamen</expan> paruæ <expan abbr="magnitudin&etilde;">magnitudinem</expan> dimidiæ nu <lb/>cis aucllanæ æquant, magnæ dimidiæ ca&longs;taneæ <expan abbr="mol&etilde;">molem</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> excedunt, medio­<lb/>cres mediocri modo &longs;e habent. </s> <s>Excindit uerò portiones ex media inferiori <lb/>parte cuiu&longs;que panis: quas portiones &longs;imul <expan abbr="cõijcit">conijcit</expan> in <expan abbr="catillũ">catillum</expan> triangularem <expan abbr="no-uũ">no­<lb/>uum</expan> & <expan abbr="purũ">purum</expan>, additque &longs;chœdas quæ pondus <expan abbr="&longs;criptũ">&longs;criptum</expan> <expan abbr="cõtinent">continent</expan>, quod <expan abbr="hab&etilde;t">habent</expan> <expan abbr="o&etilde;s">oens</expan> <lb/>æris panes quanti <expan abbr="tand&etilde;">tandem</expan> fuerint, uerbi cau&longs;a. </s> <s>Hæ portiones, &longs;ic enim &longs;cribit, <lb/>exci&longs;æ &longs;unt ex ære, quod pendit uiginti centumpondia: itaque cùm &longs;cire uult <lb/><expan abbr="quotã">quotam</expan> argenti <expan abbr="part&etilde;">partem</expan> <expan abbr="unũ">unum</expan> eiu&longs;modi æris <expan abbr="centumpondiũ">centumpondium</expan> in &longs;e <expan abbr="cõtineat">contineat</expan>, primò <lb/>in <expan abbr="circulũ">circulum</expan> <expan abbr="ferreũ">ferreum</expan> prunas inijcit: deinde ad eas addit carbones. </s> <s><expan abbr="Cũ">Cum</expan> uerò ignis <lb/>iam uires habuerit, <expan abbr="tũc">tunc</expan> &longs;chœda ex catillo exempta a&longs;&longs;eruataque <expan abbr="eũ">eum</expan> <expan abbr="catillũ">catillum</expan> in <expan abbr="i-gn&etilde;">i­<lb/>gnem</expan> imponit, quartaque unius horæ parte &longs;en&longs;im calefacit donec <expan abbr="excãde&longs;cat">excande&longs;cat</expan>: <lb/>po&longs;tea flatu follis duplicati dimidio horæ &longs;pacio excitat et auget <expan abbr="ign&etilde;">ignem</expan>: tanto <lb/>enim <expan abbr="t&etilde;poris">temporis</expan> interuallo æs <expan abbr="plũbi">plumbi</expan> expers calefieri et lique&longs;cere a&longs;&longs;olet: quod <lb/><expan abbr="aũt">aunt</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> caret <expan abbr="plũbo">plumbo</expan>, citius. </s> <s>Itaque cùm ferè ad definiti temporis <expan abbr="&longs;paciũ">&longs;pacium</expan> inflaue­<lb/>rit follem, tunc forcipe remouet prunas, & ligno in tenue &longs;ci&longs;&longs;o, quod forci­<lb/>pe prehendit, æs mouet. </s> <s>Quod fi facile mouere <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> pote&longs;t, &longs;ignum e&longs;t ip&longs;um <lb/>pror&longs;us <expan abbr="liquefactũ">liquefactum</expan> <expan abbr="nondũ">nondum</expan> e&longs;&longs;e: id &longs;i intelligit <expan abbr="iterũ">iterum</expan> in <expan abbr="catillũ">catillum</expan> imponit <expan abbr="carbo-n&etilde;">carbo­<lb/>nem</expan> <expan abbr="magnũ">magnum</expan>, pruna&longs;que ante exemptas in <expan abbr="eund&etilde;">eundem</expan> reponit, rur&longs;usque ad breue tem <lb/>pus inflat <expan abbr="&longs;oll&etilde;">&longs;ollem</expan>. </s> <s>Vbi uerò æs omne <expan abbr="liquefactũ">liquefactum</expan> fuerit, <expan abbr="tũc">tunc</expan> ultrà follis flatu <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb/>utitur: nam &longs;i eo uteretur ignis <expan abbr="part&etilde;">partem</expan> æris <expan abbr="cõ&longs;umeret">con&longs;umeret</expan>, fieretque quod <expan abbr="reliquũ">reliquum</expan> <lb/>e&longs;&longs;et ditius <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> panes è quibus e&longs;t exci&longs;um: qui <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> leuis error e&longs;t. </s> <s>Itaque <expan abbr="quã-primũ">quan­<lb/>primum</expan> æs &longs;atis fuerit <expan abbr="liquefactũ">liquefactum</expan>, id ip&longs;um fundit in <expan abbr="canaliculũ">canaliculum</expan> <expan abbr="ferreũ">ferreum</expan>: qui ma <lb/>gnus aut paruus &longs;olet e&longs;&longs;e, prout <expan abbr="multũ">multum</expan> aut <expan abbr="paucũ">paucum</expan> æs in catillo experimenti <lb/>gratia liquefit. </s> <s>Habet autem &longs;uum manubrium &longs;imiliter ferreum, quo capit <lb/>ip&longs;um cùm æs infu&longs;um fuerit, ac immergit in aquam &longs;olij prope locati, ut æs <lb/>refrigeretur: quod rur&longs;us ad ignem exiccat, cuneoque ferreo eius <expan abbr="cu&longs;pid&etilde;">cu&longs;pidem</expan> de­<lb/>cutit. </s> <s>Portionem uerò cu&longs;pidi proximam &longs;uper incude cudit, efficitque bra­<lb/>cteam: quam di&longs;cindit in particulas.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>C<emph type="italics"/>analiculus ferreus<emph.end type="italics"/> A. E<emph type="italics"/>ius manubrium<emph.end type="italics"/> B.</s></p><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Alij æs <expan abbr="liquefactũ">liquefactum</expan> carbone tiliæ agitant: mox in &longs;copas, ex betula factas <lb/>nouas & puras <expan abbr="fundũt">fundunt</expan>: quibus <expan abbr="&longs;uppo&longs;itũ">&longs;uppo&longs;itum</expan> e&longs;t uas <expan abbr="ligneũ">ligneum</expan> &longs;atis <expan abbr="amplũ">amplum</expan> & aquæ <lb/><expan abbr="plenũ">plenum</expan>: tunc di&longs;&longs;oluitur in globulos minutos, quantuli &longs;unt &longs;emina canabis. </s> <s><lb/>Alij loco <expan abbr="&longs;coparũ">&longs;coparum</expan> &longs;tramen <expan abbr="&longs;umũt">&longs;umunt</expan>. </s> <s>Alij <expan abbr="lapid&etilde;">lapidem</expan> <expan abbr="latũ">latum</expan> in uas imponunt, & <expan abbr="tantã">tantam</expan> <pb pagenum="197"/><expan abbr="aquã">aquam</expan> infundunt, quanta &longs;uperat lapidem: atque æs <expan abbr="liquidũ">liquidum</expan> è catillo in <expan abbr="lapid&etilde;">lapidem</expan> <lb/>effundunt: ex quo dilap&longs;o globuli minuti fiunt. </s> <s>Alij æs <expan abbr="liquefactũ">liquefactum</expan> mox fun <lb/>dunt in <expan abbr="aquã">aquam</expan> atque agitant u&longs;que eò dum <expan abbr="di&longs;&longs;olutũ">di&longs;&longs;olutum</expan> abeat in globulos: ni&longs;i uerò <lb/>æs fundatur & ex eo efficiatur bractea, uel in globulos re&longs;oluatur, uel lime­<lb/>tur, <expan abbr="igniũ">ignium</expan> ui <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> facile lique&longs;cit in catillo cinereo. </s> <s>Quod &longs;i <expan abbr="liquefactũ">liquefactum</expan> non fue <lb/>rit, omnis labor fru&longs;tra e&longs;t &longs;u&longs;ceptus. </s> <s>Eodem <expan abbr="aũt">aunt</expan> modo quo æs in globulos <lb/><expan abbr="argentũ">argentum</expan> & <expan abbr="plumbũ">plumbum</expan> re&longs;oluuntur, ut iu&longs;ti&longs;simè <expan abbr="app&etilde;di">appendi</expan> po&longs;&longs;int. </s> <s>Sed redeo ad <lb/>æris <expan abbr="experimentũ">experimentum</expan>. </s> <s>Cùm æs i&longs;tis modis <expan abbr="præparatũ">præparatum</expan> fuerit, <expan abbr="tũc">tunc</expan> ad quodque cen <lb/><expan abbr="tumpondiũ">tumpondium</expan> <expan abbr="minorũ">minorum</expan> <expan abbr="ponderũ">ponderum</expan>, &longs;i fuerit æs quod <expan abbr="plũbi">plumbi</expan> & ferri expers e&longs;t, & <lb/><expan abbr="quid&etilde;">quidem</expan> diues <expan abbr="arg&etilde;ti">argenti</expan>, adijcito <expan abbr="plũbi">plumbi</expan> <expan abbr="&longs;e&longs;cunciã">&longs;e&longs;cunciam</expan> <expan abbr="maiorũ">maiorum</expan> <expan abbr="ponderũ">ponderum</expan>: &longs;i uerò æs <expan abbr="plũ-bo">plun­<lb/>bo</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> caruerit, <expan abbr="unciã">unciam</expan>: &longs;i ferri particeps fuerit, duas uncias. </s> <s>Primò <expan abbr="aũt">aunt</expan> <expan abbr="plum-bũ">plum­<lb/>bum</expan> imponito in <expan abbr="catillũ">catillum</expan> <expan abbr="cinereũ">cinereum</expan>: deinde cùm fumare cœperit, adijcito æs: &qring;d <lb/>unius horæ et quartæ eius partis &longs;pacio ignis <expan abbr="cõ&longs;umere">con&longs;umere</expan> &longs;olet unà cum plum <lb/>bo: id ubi <expan abbr="factũ">factum</expan> fuerit <expan abbr="argentũ">argentum</expan> in fundo catilli <expan abbr="cõ&longs;picies">con&longs;picies</expan>: citius <expan abbr="tam&etilde;">tamen</expan> ignis u­<lb/>trunque <expan abbr="cõ&longs;umit">con&longs;umit</expan> &longs;i in fornacula <expan abbr="coquãtur">coquantur</expan>, quæ aura in&longs;piratur: &longs;ed &longs;atius e&longs;t <lb/><expan abbr="&longs;uperior&etilde;">&longs;uperiorem</expan> eius <expan abbr="part&etilde;">partem</expan> <expan abbr="dimidiã">dimidiam</expan> operculo tegere, & fores fene&longs;tratos <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> &longs;olum <lb/>apponere ad <expan abbr="o&longs;tiolũ">o&longs;tiolum</expan>, <expan abbr="uerũ">uerum</expan> <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="fene&longs;trã">fene&longs;tram</expan> carbone uel lateris portiuncula clau <lb/>dere. </s> <s>Quod &longs;i tale æs fuerit, à quo difficulter <expan abbr="argentũ">argentum</expan> &longs;eparatur, anteaquam <lb/>igni exploretur in catillo cinereo, <expan abbr="plumbũ">plumbum</expan> primò <expan abbr="inijciendũ">inijciendum</expan> e&longs;t in <expan abbr="catillũ">catillum</expan> fi­<lb/>ctilem: deinde æs <expan abbr="adijciendũ">adijciendum</expan> cum modico &longs;ale torrefacto, ut & <expan abbr="plumbũ">plumbum</expan> <expan abbr="cõ-bibat">con­<lb/>bibat</expan> æs, & æs purgetur à recremento, quo abundat. </s> <s><expan abbr="Verũ">Verum</expan> <expan abbr="plumbũ">plumbum</expan> <expan abbr="candi-dũ">candi­<lb/>dum</expan> quod <expan abbr="argentũ">argentum</expan> in &longs;e continet, neque ip&longs;um in initio experimenti in <expan abbr="catillũ">catillum</expan> <lb/><expan abbr="cinereũ">cinereum</expan> inijcere oportet, ne una cum eo <expan abbr="argentũ">argentum</expan>, quod fieri &longs;olet, con&longs;umat <lb/>& in <expan abbr="fumũ">fumum</expan> uertat: &longs;ed <expan abbr="po&longs;teaquã">po&longs;teaquam</expan> plumbum fumare cœperit in catillo fictili, <lb/><expan abbr="tũc">tunc</expan> id ad ip&longs;um adijcito: quo modo <expan abbr="nigrũ">nigrum</expan> <expan abbr="plumbũ">plumbum</expan> concipiet <expan abbr="argentũ">argentum</expan>, candi <lb/><expan abbr="dũ">dum</expan> uerò ebulliet, abibitque in <expan abbr="ciner&etilde;">cinerem</expan>: qui ligno in tenue &longs;ci&longs;&longs;o remouetur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Id&etilde;">Idem</expan> <lb/>fit &longs;i temperatura aliqua, in qua ine&longs;t <expan abbr="plumbũ">plumbum</expan> <expan abbr="candidũ">candidum</expan>, excoquitur. </s> <s>Cùm ue <lb/>rò <expan abbr="plumbũ">plumbum</expan> <expan abbr="nigrũ">nigrum</expan> <expan abbr="cõbiberit">combiberit</expan> <expan abbr="argentũ">argentum</expan>, quod erat in plumbo candido, tunc de <lb/><expan abbr="mũ">mum</expan> in catillo cinereo coquitur. </s> <s>At <expan abbr="plumbũ">plumbum</expan> <expan abbr="nigrũ">nigrum</expan>, cum quo <expan abbr="argentũ">argentum</expan> e&longs;t <expan abbr="per-mi&longs;tũ">per­<lb/>mi&longs;tum</expan>, primo in catino ferreo, &longs;uper <expan abbr="fornaculã">fornaculam</expan> <expan abbr="ardent&etilde;">ardentem</expan> &longs;tatuto, lique&longs;cat &longs;ini­<lb/>to. </s> <s>Dein ut æs in <expan abbr="canaliculũ">canaliculum</expan> <expan abbr="ferreũ">ferreum</expan> <expan abbr="fũdito">fundito</expan>, <expan abbr="tũ">tum</expan> &longs;uper incude malleo percu&longs;&longs;um <lb/>dilatato, & ex eo <expan abbr="bracteã">bracteam</expan> efficito: po&longs;tremò in <expan abbr="catillũ">catillum</expan> <expan abbr="cinereũ">cinereum</expan> inijcito: &qring;d ex <lb/><expan abbr="perimentũ">perimentum</expan> dimidiæ horæ &longs;pacio pote&longs;t perfici. </s> <s><expan abbr="Vehem&etilde;s">Vehemens</expan> <expan abbr="e&mtilde;">emm</expan> ignis calor ei <lb/>obe&longs;t: quare non e&longs;t nece&longs;&longs;e neque <expan abbr="dimidiã">dimidiam</expan> fornaculæ partem operculo tege­<lb/>re, neque <expan abbr="o&longs;tiolũ">o&longs;tiolum</expan> eius occludere. </s> <s>At metalla mi&longs;ta &longs;ignata, quæ monetæ nomi <lb/>nantur, hoc modo experimur. </s> <s>Nummos <expan abbr="arg&etilde;teos">argenteos</expan> minores ex acerui in fima <lb/>& &longs;uprema parte, eiusque laterib. </s> <s>exemptos primo bene purgato: deinde in <lb/>catillo triangulari liquefactos uel in globulos redigito, uel ex eis bracteas ef <lb/>ficito: Maiores uerò qui <expan abbr="pendũt">pendunt</expan> <expan abbr="drachmã">drachmam</expan>, <expan abbr="&longs;icilicũ">&longs;icilicum</expan>, <expan abbr="&longs;emunciã">&longs;emunciam</expan>, <expan abbr="unciã">unciam</expan> dilatato: <lb/>tum be&longs;&longs;em <expan abbr="minor&etilde;">minorem</expan> <expan abbr="globulorũ">globulorum</expan> &longs;umito, uel par bracteæ pondus: itemque alte <lb/>rum be&longs;&longs;em: <expan abbr="utrũque">utrunque</expan> uerò &longs;eparatim charta inuoluito: po&longs;tea duas <expan abbr="plũbi">plumbi</expan> par <lb/>ticulas in duos catillos cinereos prius calefactos inijcito: quanto <expan abbr="aũt">aunt</expan> mone­<lb/>ta fuerit precio&longs;ior, tanto minore <expan abbr="plũbi">plumbi</expan> portione ad <expan abbr="experimentũ">experimentum</expan> nobis o­<lb/>pus e&longs;t: quanto uilior, tanto maiore: etenim &longs;i bes <expan abbr="arg&etilde;ti">argenti</expan> <expan abbr="tantũmodo">tantummodo</expan> <expan abbr="&longs;emun-ciã">&longs;emun­<lb/>ciam</expan> uel <expan abbr="unciã">unciam</expan> æris in &longs;e <expan abbr="cõtinere">continere</expan> dicitur, ad be&longs;&longs;em <expan abbr="minor&etilde;">minorem</expan> adijcimus plumbi <lb/><expan abbr="&longs;emunciã">&longs;emunciam</expan>, &longs;i ex æquis argenti & æris partibus con&longs;titerit, <expan abbr="unciã">unciam</expan>: &longs;in in be&longs;&longs;e <pb pagenum="198"/>æris <expan abbr="&longs;olũ">&longs;olum</expan> &longs;emuncia uel uncia argenti ine&longs;t, <expan abbr="&longs;e&longs;cuntiã">&longs;e&longs;cuntiam</expan>. </s> <s>Sed quam <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> plum <lb/><expan abbr="bũ">bum</expan> fumare cœperit, in <expan abbr="&longs;ingulũ">&longs;ingulum</expan> <expan abbr="catillũ">catillum</expan> <expan abbr="cinereũ">cinereum</expan> &longs;ingulam chartam, in quam ar <lb/><expan abbr="gentũ">gentum</expan> ære <expan abbr="temperatũ">temperatum</expan> e&longs;t, <expan abbr="inuolutũ">inuolutum</expan> imponito: os tegulæ carbonibus ob&longs;tru <lb/>ito: lento igni coquito, donec omne <expan abbr="plumbũ">plumbum</expan> & æs con&longs;umantur: nam acris <lb/>&longs;uo calore <expan abbr="argentũ">argentum</expan> cum aliqua <expan abbr="plũbi">plumbi</expan> particula <expan abbr="cõpellit">compellit</expan> in <expan abbr="catillũ">catillum</expan>: quo modo <lb/><expan abbr="experimentũ">experimentum</expan> fit fallax: tum ma&longs;&longs;ulas ex catillo extrahito, & à <expan abbr="recrem&etilde;to">recremento</expan> pur <lb/>gato: &longs;i neutra libræ <expan abbr="lanc&etilde;">lancem</expan>, in <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> imponitur, depre&longs;&longs;erit, &longs;ed par utriu&longs;que fu­<lb/>erit pondus, <expan abbr="experimentũ">experimentum</expan> nobis <expan abbr="nullũ">nullum</expan> attulit errorem: &longs;in altera depre&longs;&longs;erit <lb/>lancem, plenum e&longs;t erroris: quare id ip&longs;um iterare oportet. </s> <s>Quod &longs;i bes in &longs;e <lb/><expan abbr="cõtineat">contineat</expan> <expan abbr="arg&etilde;ti">argenti</expan> puri uncias <expan abbr="&longs;ept&etilde;">&longs;eptem</expan>, rex, uel princeps, uel ciuitas, quæ cudit mo <lb/>netam, adimit <expan abbr="unciã">unciam</expan>, <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> partim lucratur, partim impendit in fabros mone <lb/>tales, atque in æs quod ad argentum adiecit: qua de re copio&longs;ius dixi in libris <lb/>De precio <expan abbr="metallorũ">metallorum</expan> & monetis in&longs;criptis. </s> <s>Aureos <expan abbr="aũt">aunt</expan> nummos uarijs mo­<lb/>dis experimur: etenim &longs;i æs cum auro <expan abbr="permi&longs;tũ">permi&longs;tum</expan> fuerit, eos <expan abbr="cod&etilde;">codem</expan> modo quo <lb/>argenteos igni excoquimus: &longs;i <expan abbr="argentũ">argentum</expan>, ab eo aqua illa ualenti&longs;&longs;ima <expan abbr="aurũ">aurum</expan> &longs;e­<lb/>cernit: &longs;in æs & <expan abbr="argentũ">argentum</expan>, prius adiecto <expan abbr="plũbo">plumbo</expan> <expan abbr="excoquũtur">excoquuntur</expan> in catillo cinereo, <lb/>donecignis æs & <expan abbr="plumbũ">plumbum</expan> con&longs;umat, po&longs;terius <expan abbr="aurũ">aurum</expan> ab argento &longs;ecernitur. </s> <s><lb/>Re&longs;tat de coticula, qua explorare <expan abbr="aurũ">aurum</expan> & <expan abbr="argentũ">argentum</expan> uetus e&longs;t & <expan abbr="u&longs;itatũ">u&longs;itatum</expan>: quan <lb/><expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> enim <expan abbr="experimentũ">experimentum</expan> quod igni perficitur, certius e&longs;t, tamen quia &longs;æpe no <lb/>bis dee&longs;t fornacula, &longs;æpe tegula, &longs;æpe catilli, nec ulla mora <expan abbr="interpon&etilde;da">interponenda</expan> e&longs;t, <lb/>coticulæ, quam &longs;emper in promptu habere po&longs;&longs;umus, aurum argentumúe <lb/>atterimus: quid quod aureos <expan abbr="nũmos">nummos</expan> igni excoquere ne utile <expan abbr="quid&etilde;">quidem</expan> &longs;emper <lb/>&longs;it? </s> <s>uerùm eligere oportet <expan abbr="admodũ">admodum</expan> <expan abbr="nigrã">nigram</expan>, & &longs;ulfuris <expan abbr="expert&etilde;">expertem</expan>: quo enim ni­<lb/>grior fuerit, & &longs;ulfuris magis expers, eò melior e&longs;&longs;e &longs;olet: de cuius natura ali <lb/>bi &longs;crip&longs;i. </s> <s>Coticulæ <expan abbr="aũt">aunt</expan> primò atteritur <expan abbr="aurũ">aurum</expan> &longs;iue argento&longs;um, &longs;iue æro&longs;um, <lb/>&longs;iue canalien&longs;e, &longs;iue igni <expan abbr="excoctũ">excoctum</expan> fuerit: &longs;imiliter <expan abbr="argentũ">argentum</expan>. </s> <s>Deinde una aliqua <lb/>acus, quam eius e&longs;&longs;e <expan abbr="&longs;imillimã">&longs;imillimam</expan> ex colore <expan abbr="cõijcimus">conijcimus</expan>: quæ &longs;i nos fallit defectu, <lb/>acus altera <expan abbr="color&etilde;">colorem</expan> habens magis <expan abbr="&longs;aturũ">&longs;aturum</expan> coticulæ atteritur: &longs;in exce&longs;&longs;u, tertia <lb/>quæ dilutiorem habet colo<gap/>, ea nanque nobis indicat quota <expan abbr="arg&etilde;ti">argenti</expan>, uel æ­<lb/>ris, uel argenti &longs;imul et æris portio &longs;it in auro: aut quota æris in <expan abbr="arg&etilde;to">argento</expan>. </s> <s>Sunt <lb/>enim quadruplices. </s> <s>Primæ ex auro & argento factæ, &longs;ecundæ ex auro & æ­<lb/>re, tertiæ ex auro & argento & ære, quartæ ex argento & ære. </s> <s>Primis tribus <lb/><expan abbr="acuũ">acuum</expan> generibus <expan abbr="poti&longs;&longs;imũ">poti&longs;&longs;imum</expan> <expan abbr="aurũ">aurum</expan> experimur, quarto <expan abbr="argentũ">argentum</expan>. </s> <s>Sed eiu&longs;modi <lb/>acus &longs;ic parantur. </s> <s>Pondera minora proportione re&longs;pondent maioribus: u­<lb/>tri&longs;que utuntur non modo metallici, &longs;ed <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> monetarij: uerùm acus <expan abbr="&longs;ecũdum">&longs;ecundum</expan> <lb/>minora formantur, & unaquæque pendit be&longs;&longs;em, <expan abbr="qu&etilde;">quem</expan> no&longs;tro uocabulo mar­<lb/>cam nominant. </s> <s>Cùm autem bes, quo utuntur, qui cudunt <expan abbr="aurũ">aurum</expan>, di&longs;tribuatur <lb/>in quatuor & uiginti binas &longs;extulas, quas Græco nomine <expan abbr="nũc">nunc</expan> ceratia appel­<lb/>lant: binæ uerò &longs;extulæ quæque in quatuor &longs;emi&longs;extulas, quæ grana uocant: <lb/>&longs;emi&longs;extula quæque in tres quaternas &longs;iliquas, quas granula nuncupant, &longs;i a­<lb/>cus fecerimus ad <expan abbr="numerũ">numerum</expan> quaternarum &longs;iliquarum fient ducentæ octaginta <lb/>octo: &longs;i ad <expan abbr="numerũ">numerum</expan> <expan abbr="&longs;emi&longs;extularũ">&longs;emi&longs;extularum</expan> &longs;iue <expan abbr="binorũ">binorum</expan> <expan abbr="&longs;cripulorũ">&longs;cripulorum</expan> &longs;ex & nonaginta. </s> <s><lb/>Sed i&longs;tis duobus modis numerus <expan abbr="acuũ">acuum</expan> nimis efficeretur magnus, & ex eis <lb/>non paucæ propter <expan abbr="exiguã">exiguam</expan> auri portionem nihil nobis &longs;ignificarent, eas igi <lb/>tur ad numerum binarum <expan abbr="&longs;extularũ">&longs;extularum</expan> facere conuenit: quo &longs;ane modo acus <lb/>quatuor & uiginti fiunt: <expan abbr="quarũ">quarum</expan> prima conficitur ex argenti tribus & uiginti <pb pagenum="199"/>duellis & auri una: binas <expan abbr="aũt">aunt</expan> &longs;extulas ueteres dixi&longs;&longs;e duellas, Fannius autor <lb/>e&longs;t. </s> <s>Quæ cunque igitur uirgula argentea coticulæ attrita eam ita ut hæc acus <lb/>colorat, ip&longs;a unam auri <expan abbr="duellã">duellam</expan> in &longs;e <expan abbr="cõtinet">continet</expan>: &longs;ic <expan abbr="&longs;ecundũ">&longs;ecundum</expan> auri portionem, aut, <lb/>cùm iam <expan abbr="aurũ">aurum</expan> pondere &longs;uperat <expan abbr="argentũ">argentum</expan>, <expan abbr="&longs;ecũdum">&longs;ecundum</expan> argenti portionem de re­<lb/>liquis acubus e&longs;t iudicandum. </s> <s>Secunda acus fit ex duabus & uiginti duellis <lb/>argenti, & ex duabus auri. </s> <s>Tertia ex una & uiginti duellis argenti, & ex tri­<lb/>bus auri. </s> <s>Quarta ex uiginti duellis argenti, & ex quatuor auri. </s> <s>Quinta ex de <lb/>cem & nouem duellis argenti, & ex quinque auri. </s> <s>Sexta ex decem & octo du <lb/>ellis argenti, & ex &longs;ex auri. </s> <s>Septima ex decem & &longs;eptem duellis argenti, & <lb/>ex &longs;eptem auri. </s> <s>Octaua ex &longs;edecim duellis argenti, & ex octo auri. </s> <s>Nona ex <lb/>quindecim duellis argenti, & ex nouem auri. </s> <s>Decima ex quatuordecim du <lb/>ellis argenti, & ex decem auri. </s> <s>Vndecima ex tredecim duellis argenti, & ex <lb/>undecim auri. </s> <s>Duodecima ex duodecim duellis argenti, & ex totidem auri. </s> <s><lb/>Decimatertia ex undecim duellis argenti, & ex tredecim auri. </s> <s>Decimaquar <lb/>ta ex decem duellis argenti, & ex quatuordecim auri. </s> <s>Decimaquinta ex no <lb/>uem duellis argenti, & ex quindecim auri. </s> <s>Decima&longs;exta ex octo duellis ar­<lb/>genti, & ex &longs;edecim auri. </s> <s>Decima&longs;eptima ex &longs;eptem duellis argenti, & ex de <lb/>cem & &longs;eptem auri. </s> <s>Decimaoctaua ex &longs;ex duellis argenti, & ex decem & o­<lb/>cto auri. </s> <s>Decimanona ex quinque duellis argenti, & ex decem & nouem au­<lb/>ri. </s> <s>Vice&longs;ima ex quatuor duellis argenti, & ex uiginti auri. </s> <s>Vice&longs;imaprima <lb/>ex tribus duellis argenti, & ex una & uiginti auri. </s> <s>Vice&longs;ima&longs;ecunda ex dua­<lb/>bus duellis argenti, & ex duabus & uiginti auri. </s> <s>Vice&longs;imatertia ex una du­<lb/>ella argenti, & ex tribus & uiginti auri. </s> <s>Vice&longs;imaquarta tota formatur ex <lb/>auro puro.</s></p><figure></figure><pb pagenum="200"/><p type="main"> <s>Itaque primis undecim acubus coticulæ attritis experimur, <expan abbr="quotã">quotam</expan> auri por <lb/><expan abbr="tion&etilde;">tionem</expan> uirgulæ <expan abbr="arg&etilde;teæ">argenteæ</expan> in &longs;e <expan abbr="cõtineant">contineant</expan>: reliquis <expan abbr="aũt">aunt</expan> tredecim <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> modo quo­<lb/>ta <expan abbr="arg&etilde;ti">argenti</expan> portio in uirgulis aureis in&longs;it, &longs;ed <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> quota in monetis. </s> <s>Quoniam <lb/>uerò <expan abbr="quidã">quidam</expan> <expan abbr="nũmi">nummi</expan> aurei <expan abbr="cõ&longs;tant">con&longs;tant</expan> ex auro et ære, tredecim eius generis acus for <lb/><expan abbr="mãtur">mantur</expan>: <expan abbr="quarũ">quarum</expan> prima <expan abbr="cõficitur">conficitur</expan> ex duodecim duellis auri & ex <expan abbr="totid&etilde;">totidem</expan> æris. </s> <s>Se <lb/>cunda ex tredecim duellis auri & ex undecim æris. </s> <s>Tertia ex quatuordecim <lb/>duellis auri & ex decem æris. </s> <s>Quarta ex quindecim duellis auri, & ex <expan abbr="nou&etilde;">nouem</expan> <lb/>æris. </s> <s>Quinta ex &longs;edecim duellis auri, & ex octo æris. </s> <s>Sexta ex <expan abbr="dec&etilde;">decem</expan> & <expan abbr="&longs;ept&etilde;">&longs;eptem</expan> <lb/>duellis auri, & ex <expan abbr="&longs;ept&etilde;">&longs;eptem</expan> æris. </s> <s>Septima ex decem & octo duellis auri & ex &longs;ex <lb/>æris. </s> <s>Octaua ex <expan abbr="dec&etilde;">decem</expan> & <expan abbr="nou&etilde;">nouem</expan> duellis auri & ex quinque æris. </s> <s>Nona ex uigin­<lb/>ti duellis auri, & ex quatuor æris. </s> <s>Decima ex una & uiginti duellis auri, & <lb/>ex tribus æris. </s> <s>Vndecima ex duabus & uiginti duellis auri, & ex duabus æ­<lb/>ris. </s> <s>Duodecima ex tribus & uiginti duellis auri & ex una æris. </s> <s>Decimater­<lb/>tia ex auro puro. </s> <s>Sed hoc genus <expan abbr="acuũ">acuum</expan> non e&longs;t <expan abbr="multũ">multum</expan> <expan abbr="u&longs;itatũ">u&longs;itatum</expan>, quod eiu&longs;modi <lb/>aurei nummi rariores &longs;int: maxime hi in quibus magna æris portio ine&longs;t. </s> <s>At <lb/><expan abbr="tertiũ">tertium</expan> genus <expan abbr="acuũ">acuum</expan>, quæ con&longs;tant ex auro & argento et ære magis e&longs;t <expan abbr="u&longs;itatũ">u&longs;itatum</expan>, <lb/>quod tales aurei nummi &longs;int uulgati. </s> <s>Sed quia cum auro pares uel impares <lb/><expan abbr="arg&etilde;ti">argenti</expan> & æris portiones <expan abbr="mi&longs;c&etilde;tur">mi&longs;centur</expan>, duplices fiunt acus: &longs;i pares, prima forma <lb/>tur ex duodecim duellis auri & &longs;ex argenti ac <expan abbr="totid&etilde;">totidem</expan> æris. </s> <s>Secunda ex trede <lb/>cim duellis auri & quinque duellis & una &longs;extula argenti ac <expan abbr="totid&etilde;">totidem</expan> duellis u­<lb/>naque &longs;extula æris. </s> <s>Tertia ex quatuordecim duellis auri & quinque argenti ac <lb/><expan abbr="totid&etilde;">totidem</expan> æris. </s> <s>Quarta ex quindecim auri, & quatuor duellis ac una &longs;extula ar­<lb/>genti, atque totidem duellis unaque &longs;extula æris. </s> <s>Quinta ex &longs;edecim duellis au <lb/>ri, & quatuor argenti ac totidem æris. </s> <s>Sexta ex <expan abbr="dec&etilde;">decem</expan> & &longs;eptem duellis auri, <lb/>& tribus duellis atque una &longs;extula argenti, ac <expan abbr="totid&etilde;">totidem</expan> duellis unaque &longs;extula æ­<lb/>ris. </s> <s>Septima ex decem & octo duellis auri, & tribus duellis argenti ac <expan abbr="totid&etilde;">totidem</expan> <lb/>æris. </s> <s>Octaua ex <expan abbr="dec&etilde;">decem</expan> & nouem duellis auri, & duabus duellis ac una &longs;extu­<lb/>la argenti, atque totidem duellis unaque &longs;extula æris. </s> <s>Nona ex uiginti duellis <lb/>auri, & duabus argenti ac totidem æris. </s> <s>Decima ex una & uiginti duellis au <lb/>ri, & ex una duella unaque &longs;extula argenti, item ex una duella unaque &longs;extula <lb/>æris. </s> <s>Vndecima ex duabus & uiginti duellis auri, & ex una duella argenti, <lb/>atque etiam una æris. </s> <s>Duodecima ex tribus & uiginti duellis auri, & una &longs;e­<lb/>xtula argenti unaque æris. </s> <s>Decimatertia ex auro puro. </s> <s>Alij ut duo &longs;cripu­<lb/>la argenti uel æris, quæ in&longs;unt in auri be&longs;&longs;e, <expan abbr="depreh&etilde;dere">deprehendere</expan> po&longs;&longs;int, acus quin­<lb/>que & uiginti conficiunt: quarum prima con&longs;tat ex duodecim duellis auri, <lb/>& &longs;ex argenti ac totidem æris. </s> <s>Secunda ex duodecim duellis unaque &longs;extu­<lb/>la auri, & quinque duellis unaque &longs;extula & dimidia argenti, ac totidem duel­<lb/>lis unaque &longs;extula & dimidia æris: eadem proportione reliquæ acus forman­<lb/>tur. </s> <s>At Romanos &longs;cripulari differentia dixi&longs;&longs;e Plinius autor e&longs;t, quantum <lb/>auri e&longs;&longs;et in aliqua temperatura, quantum argenti uel æris. </s> <s>Vtroque <expan abbr="aut&etilde;">autem</expan> mo <lb/>do acus, & de quibus dixi, & de quibus iam dicturus &longs;um, confici po&longs;&longs;unt. </s> <s><lb/>Si uerò impares argenti & æris portiones cum auro permi&longs;tæ fuerint, acus <lb/>&longs;eptem & triginta fiunt, quarum prima formatur ex duodecim duellis au­<lb/>ri, nouem argenti, tribus æris. </s> <s>Secunda iterum ex duodecim duellis auri, o­<lb/>cto argenti, quatuor æris. </s> <s>Tertia <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ex duodecim duellis auri, <expan abbr="&longs;ept&etilde;">&longs;eptem</expan> <expan abbr="arg&etilde;ti">argenti</expan>. <pb pagenum="201"/>quinque æris. </s> <s>Quarta ex tredecim duellis auri, octo duellis & dimidia &longs;extu­<lb/>la <expan abbr="arg&etilde;ti">argenti</expan>, duabus duellis unaque &longs;extula & dimidia æris. </s> <s>Quinta ex tredecim <lb/>duellis auri, <expan abbr="&longs;ept&etilde;">&longs;eptem</expan> duellis & dimidia &longs;extula atque unis quaternis &longs;iliquis <expan abbr="arg&etilde;">argem</expan> <lb/>ti, tribus duellis & una &longs;extula, ac binis quaternis &longs;iliquis æris. </s> <s>Sexta ex tre­<lb/>decim duellis auri, &longs;ex duellis & dimidia &longs;extula atque binis quaternis duellis <lb/><expan abbr="arg&etilde;ti">argenti</expan>, quatuor duellis unaque &longs;extula & unis duellis æris. </s> <s>Septima ex quatu <lb/>ordecim duellis auri, <expan abbr="&longs;ept&etilde;">&longs;eptem</expan> duellis & una &longs;extula <expan abbr="arg&etilde;ti">argenti</expan>, duab. </s> <s>duellis unaque<lb/>&longs;extula æris. </s> <s>Octaua ex quatuordecim duellis auri, &longs;ex duellis & una &longs;extu­<lb/>la atque binis quaternis &longs;iliquis <expan abbr="arg&etilde;ti">argenti</expan>, trib. </s> <s>duellis & dimidia &longs;extula ac unis <lb/>quaternis &longs;iliquis æris. </s> <s>Nona ex quatuordecim duellis auri, quinque duellis <lb/>& &longs;e&longs;qui&longs;extula ac unis quaternis &longs;iliquis argenti, quatuor duellis & binis <lb/>quaternis &longs;iliquis æris. </s> <s>Decima ex quindecim duellis auri, &longs;ex duellis & &longs;e&longs;­<lb/>qui&longs;extula <expan abbr="arg&etilde;ti">argenti</expan>, duabus duellis & &longs;emi&longs;extula æris. </s> <s>Vndecima ex quinde <lb/>cim duellis auri, &longs;ex <expan abbr="arg&etilde;ti">argenti</expan>, tribus æris. </s> <s>Duodecima ex quindecim duellis au <lb/>ri, quinque duellis & &longs;emi&longs;extula <expan abbr="arg&etilde;ti">argenti</expan>, tribus duellis atque &longs;e&longs;qui&longs;extula æris. </s> <s><lb/>Decimatertia ex &longs;edecim duellis auri, &longs;ex <expan abbr="arg&etilde;ti">argenti</expan>, duabus æris. </s> <s>Decimaquar <lb/>ta ex &longs;edecim duellis auri, quinque duellis & &longs;emi&longs;extula atque unis quaternis <lb/>&longs;iliquis argenti, duab. </s> <s>duellis & una &longs;extula ac binis quaternis &longs;iliquis æris. </s> <s><lb/>Decimaquinta ex &longs;edecim duellis auri, quatuor duellis & una &longs;extula atque<lb/>binis quaternis &longs;iliquis argenti, tribus duellis & &longs;emi&longs;extula ac unis quater­<lb/>nis &longs;iliquis æris. </s> <s>Decima&longs;exta ex <expan abbr="dec&etilde;">decem</expan> & <expan abbr="&longs;ept&etilde;">&longs;eptem</expan> duellis auri, quinque duellis & <lb/>&longs;emi&longs;extula <expan abbr="arg&etilde;ti">argenti</expan>, una duella & &longs;e&longs;qui&longs;extula æris. </s> <s>Decima&longs;eptima ex <expan abbr="dec&etilde;">decem</expan> <lb/>& <expan abbr="&longs;ept&etilde;">&longs;eptem</expan> duellis auri, quatuor duellis & una &longs;extula atque binis quaternis &longs;ili­<lb/>quis <expan abbr="arg&etilde;ti">argenti</expan>, duabus duellis & &longs;emi&longs;extula ac unis quaternis &longs;iliquis æris. </s> <s>De <lb/>cima octaua ex <expan abbr="dec&etilde;">decem</expan> & <expan abbr="&longs;ept&etilde;">&longs;eptem</expan> duellis auri, quatuor duellis & unis quaternis <lb/>&longs;iliquis <expan abbr="arg&etilde;ti">argenti</expan>, duab. </s> <s>duellis & &longs;e&longs;qui&longs;extula atque binis quaternis &longs;iliquis æ­<lb/>ris. </s> <s>Decimanona ex XVIII. duellis auri, quatuor duellis & una &longs;extula <expan abbr="arg&etilde;-ti">argen­<lb/>ti</expan>, una duella unaque &longs;extula æris. </s> <s>Vice&longs;ima ex <expan abbr="dec&etilde;">decem</expan> & octo duellis auri, qua­<lb/>tuor <expan abbr="arg&etilde;ti">argenti</expan>, duabus æris. </s> <s>Vice&longs;ima prima ex <expan abbr="dec&etilde;">decem</expan> et octo duellis auri, tribus <lb/>duellis & una &longs;extula <expan abbr="arg&etilde;ti">argenti</expan>, duabus duellis & una &longs;extula æris. </s> <s>Vice&longs;ima &longs;e <lb/>cunda ex XIX. duellis auri, tribus duellis & &longs;e&longs;qui&longs;extula argenti, una duella <lb/>& &longs;emi&longs;extula æris. </s> <s>Vice&longs;ima tertia ex XIX. duellis auri, tribus duellis & &longs;e­<lb/>mi&longs;extula ac unis quaternis &longs;iliquis <expan abbr="arg&etilde;ti">argenti</expan>, una duella & una &longs;extula ac binis <lb/>quaternis &longs;iliquis æris. </s> <s>Vice&longs;ima quarta ex XIX. duellis auri, duabus duellis <lb/>& &longs;e&longs;qui&longs;extula atque binis quaternis &longs;iliquis argenti, duabus duellis & unis <lb/>quaternis &longs;iliquis æris. </s> <s>Vice&longs;ima quinta ex uiginti duellis auri, tribus argen <lb/>ti, una æris. </s> <s>Vice&longs;ima &longs;exta ex uiginti duellis auri, duabus duellis & una &longs;e­<lb/>xtula atque binis quaternis &longs;iliquis argenti, una duella & &longs;emi&longs;extula ac unis <lb/>quaternis &longs;iliquis æris. </s> <s>Vice&longs;ima &longs;eptima ex XX. duellis auri, duabus duellis <lb/>& &longs;emi&longs;extula ac unis quaternis &longs;iliquis argenti, una duella unaque &longs;extula & <lb/>binis quaternis &longs;iliquis æris. </s> <s>Vice&longs;ima octaua ex XXI. duellis auri, duabus <lb/>duellis & &longs;emi&longs;extula <expan abbr="arg&etilde;ti">argenti</expan>, &longs;e&longs;qui&longs;extula æris. </s> <s>Vice&longs;ima nona ex una & ui <lb/>ginti duellis auri, duabus argenti, una æris. </s> <s>Trice&longs;ima ex una & uiginti duel <lb/>lis auri, una duella & &longs;e&longs;qui&longs;extula argenti, una duella & &longs;emi&longs;extula æris. </s> <s><lb/>Trice&longs;ima prima ex XXII. duellis auri, una duella unaque &longs;extula argenti, una <lb/>&longs;extula æris. </s> <s>Trice&longs;ima <expan abbr="&longs;ecũda">&longs;ecunda</expan> ex duabus & uiginti duellis auri, una duella, <pb pagenum="202"/>& &longs;emi&longs;extula ac unis quaternis &longs;iliquis <expan abbr="arg&etilde;ti">argenti</expan>, una &longs;extula atque binis quater <lb/>nis &longs;iliquis æris. </s> <s>Trice&longs;ima tertia ex duabus & uiginti duellis auri, una duel <lb/>la & binis quaternis &longs;iliquis argenti, &longs;e&longs;qui&longs;extula ac unis quaternis &longs;iliquis <lb/>æris. </s> <s>Trice&longs;ima quarta ex tribus & uiginti duellis auri, &longs;e&longs;qui&longs;extula <expan abbr="arg&etilde;ti">argenti</expan>, <lb/>&longs;emi&longs;extula æris. </s> <s>Trice&longs;ima quinta ex trib. </s> <s>& uiginti duellis auri, una &longs;extu­<lb/>la atque binis quaternis &longs;iliquis argenti, &longs;emi&longs;extula & unis quaternis &longs;iliquis <lb/>æris. </s> <s>Trice&longs;ima &longs;exta ex trib. </s> <s>& uiginti duellis auri, una &longs;extula & unis qua­<lb/>ternis &longs;iliquis argenti, &longs;emi&longs;extula & binis quaternis &longs;iliquis æris. </s> <s>Trice&longs;ima <lb/>&longs;eptima ex auro puro. </s> <s><expan abbr="Cũ">Cum</expan> <expan abbr="aũt">aunt</expan> raro <expan abbr="inueniãtur">inueniantur</expan> aurei, qui ex be&longs;&longs;e auri, in quo <lb/><expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> in&longs;unt quindecim duellæ auri, <expan abbr="&longs;ignãtur">&longs;ignantur</expan>, <expan abbr="nõnulli">nonnulli</expan> <expan abbr="tantũ">tantum</expan> octo & uiginti a­<lb/>cus efficiunt: atque <expan abbr="quidã">quidam</expan> à iam dictis diuer&longs;as, &qring;d auri mi&longs;tura <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> argento & <lb/>ære <expan abbr="interdũ">interdum</expan> &longs;it diuer&longs;a: <expan abbr="earũ">earum</expan> <expan abbr="acuũ">acuum</expan> prima formatur ex quindecim duellis au­<lb/>ri, &longs;ex duellis & una &longs;extula atque binis quaternis &longs;iliquis argenti, duabus du­<lb/>ellís & &longs;emi&longs;extula ac unis quaternis &longs;iliquis æris. </s> <s><expan abbr="Secũda">Secunda</expan> ex quindecim du <lb/>ellis auri, &longs;ex duellis & unis quaternis &longs;iliquis <expan abbr="arg&etilde;ti">argenti</expan>, duab. </s> <s>duellis & &longs;e&longs;qui­<lb/>&longs;extula ac binis quaternis &longs;iliquis æris. </s> <s>Tertia ex quindecim duellis auri, <lb/>quinque duellis & &longs;emi&longs;extula <expan abbr="arg&etilde;ti">argenti</expan>, trib. </s> <s>duellis & &longs;e&longs;qui&longs;extula æris. </s> <s>Quar <lb/>ta ex &longs;edecim duellis auri, &longs;ex duellis & &longs;emi&longs;extula <expan abbr="arg&etilde;ti">argenti</expan>, una duella & &longs;e&longs;­<lb/>qui&longs;extula æris. </s> <s>Quinta ex &longs;edecim duellis auri, quinque duellis & una &longs;extu <lb/>la atque binis quaternis &longs;iliquis <expan abbr="arg&etilde;ti">argenti</expan>, duabus duellis & &longs;emi&longs;extula ac unis <lb/>quaternis &longs;iliquis æris. </s> <s>Sexta ex &longs;edecim duellis auri, quatuor duellis & &longs;e&longs;­<lb/>qui&longs;extula atque binis quaternis &longs;iliquis <expan abbr="arg&etilde;ti">argenti</expan>, tribus duellis & unis quater­<lb/>nis &longs;iliquis æris. </s> <s>Septima ex <expan abbr="dec&etilde;">decem</expan> & <expan abbr="&longs;ept&etilde;">&longs;eptem</expan> duellis auri, quinque duellis & una <lb/>&longs;extula unisque quaternis &longs;iliquis <expan abbr="arg&etilde;ti">argenti</expan>, una duella & &longs;emi&longs;extula atque binis <lb/>quaternis &longs;iliquis æris. </s> <s>Octaua ex <expan abbr="dec&etilde;">decem</expan> & <expan abbr="&longs;ept&etilde;">&longs;eptem</expan> duellis auri, quinque duellis <lb/>& unis quaternis &longs;iliquis <expan abbr="arg&etilde;ti">argenti</expan>, una duella & &longs;e&longs;qui&longs;extula & binis quater­<lb/>nis &longs;iliquis æris. </s> <s>Nona ex <expan abbr="dec&etilde;">decem</expan> & <expan abbr="&longs;ept&etilde;">&longs;eptem</expan> duellis auri, quatuor duellis & una <lb/>&longs;extula ac unis quaternis &longs;iliquis <expan abbr="arg&etilde;ti">argenti</expan>, duab. </s> <s>duellis & &longs;emi&longs;extula atque bi­<lb/>nis quaternis &longs;iliquis æris. </s> <s>Decima ex <expan abbr="dec&etilde;">decem</expan> & octo duellis auri, quatuor du <lb/>ellis & una &longs;extula <expan abbr="arg&etilde;ti">argenti</expan>, una duella unaque &longs;extula æris. </s> <s>Vndecima ex <expan abbr="dec&etilde;">decem</expan> <lb/>& octo duellis auri, quatuor duellis argenti, duab. </s> <s>duellis æris. </s> <s>Duodecima <lb/>ex XVIII. duellis auri, tribus duellis & una &longs;extula <expan abbr="arg&etilde;ti">argenti</expan>, duab. </s> <s>duellis & u­<lb/>na &longs;extula æris. </s> <s>Decimatertia ex XIX. duellis auri, tribus duellis & &longs;e&longs;qui&longs;e­<lb/>xtula ac unis quaternis &longs;iliquis argenti, una duella atque binis quaternis &longs;ili­<lb/>quis æris. </s> <s>Decimaquarta ex XIX. duellis auri, tribus duellis & &longs;emi&longs;extula <lb/>ac unis quaternis &longs;iliquis argenti, una duella unaque &longs;extula atque binis quater <lb/>nis &longs;iliquis æris. </s> <s>Decimaquinta ex XIX. duellis auri, duab. </s> <s>duellis & &longs;e&longs;qui­<lb/>&longs;extula ac unis quaternis &longs;iliquis argenti, duabus duellis & binis quaternis <lb/>&longs;iliquis æris. </s> <s>Decima &longs;exta ex uiginti duellis auri, tribus <expan abbr="arg&etilde;ti">argenti</expan>, una æris. </s> <s>De <lb/>cima &longs;eptima ex uiginti duellis auri, duabus duellis & una &longs;extula <expan abbr="arg&etilde;ti">argenti</expan>, u­<lb/>na duella unaque &longs;extula æris. </s> <s>Decima octaua ex XX. duellis auri, duabus ar­<lb/>genti & <expan abbr="totid&etilde;">totidem</expan> æris. </s> <s>Decimanona ex XXI. duellis auri, duabus duellis & &longs;e­<lb/>mi&longs;extula ac unis quaternis &longs;iliquis argenti, una &longs;extula atque binis quaternis <lb/>&longs;iliquis æris. </s> <s>Vice&longs;ima ex una & uiginti duellis auri, una duella & &longs;e&longs;qui&longs;e­<lb/>xtula ac unis quaternis &longs;iliquis argenti, una duella atque binis quaternis &longs;i­<lb/>liquis æris. </s> <s>Vice&longs;ima prima ex una & uiginti duellis auri, una duella & <pb pagenum="203"/>una &longs;extula atque binis quaternis &longs;iliquis argenti, una duella & &longs;emi&longs;extula <lb/>ac unis quaternis &longs;iliquis æris. </s> <s>Vice&longs;ima &longs;ecunda ex duabus & uiginti du­<lb/>ellis auri, una duella unaque &longs;extula, atque binis quaternis &longs;iliquis <expan abbr="arg&etilde;ti">argenti</expan>, &longs;emi­<lb/>&longs;extula ac unis quaternis &longs;iliquis æris. </s> <s>Vice&longs;ima tertia ex duab. </s> <s>& uiginti du <lb/>ellis auri, una duella unaque &longs;extula argenti, una &longs;extula æris. </s> <s>Vice&longs;ima quar­<lb/>ta ex duabus & uiginti duellis auri, una duella et &longs;emi&longs;extula, ac unis quater <lb/>nis &longs;iliquis argenti, una &longs;extula atque binis quaternis &longs;iliquis æris. </s> <s>Vice&longs;ima <lb/>quinta ex tribus & uiginti duellis auri, &longs;e&longs;qui&longs;extula ac unis quaternis &longs;ili­<lb/>quis argenti, binis quaternis &longs;iliquis æris. </s> <s>Vice&longs;ima&longs;exta ex tribus & uigin­<lb/>ti duellis auri, &longs;e&longs;qui&longs;extula argenti, &longs;emi&longs;extula æris. </s> <s>Vice&longs;ima &longs;eptima ex <lb/>tribus & uiginti duellis auri, una &longs;extula atque binis quaternis &longs;iliquis <expan abbr="arg&etilde;ti">argenti</expan>, <lb/>&longs;emi&longs;extula ac unis quaternis &longs;iliquis æris. </s> <s>Vice&longs;ima octaua ex auro puro. </s> <s><lb/>Sequitur quartum genus <expan abbr="acuũ">acuum</expan>, quibus argenteos <expan abbr="nũmos">nummos</expan>, qui æs in &longs;e conti <lb/>nent, aut æreos, qui <expan abbr="argentũ">argentum</expan>, exploramus. </s> <s>Bes <expan abbr="aũt">aunt</expan> quo <expan abbr="arg&etilde;tũ">argentum</expan> ponderamus, <lb/>di&longs;tribuitur dupliciter: uel enim duodecies in quinque drachmas & <expan abbr="unũ">unum</expan> <expan abbr="&longs;cri-pulũ">&longs;cri­<lb/>pulum</expan>, quæ <expan abbr="põdera">pondera</expan> uulgus <expan abbr="nũmos">nummos</expan> nominat: <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> quodque rur&longs;us partimur <lb/>in quatuor & uiginti quaternas &longs;iliquas, quas <expan abbr="id&etilde;">idem</expan> uulgus granula appellat: <lb/>uel in &longs;edecim &longs;emuncias, quas lothones nuncupant: quaru quæque rur&longs;us di <lb/>uiditur aut in decem & octo quaternas &longs;iliquas, quas uocant granula, aut &longs;e <lb/>decim &longs;emuncias, quarum ut quæque di&longs;tribuitur in quatuor drachmas, ita <lb/>quæque drachma in quatuor <expan abbr="nũmos">nummos</expan>: <expan abbr="&longs;ecundũ">&longs;ecundum</expan> utranque be&longs;&longs;is diui&longs;ionem for­<lb/>mantur acus, <expan abbr="&longs;ecundũ">&longs;ecundum</expan> <expan abbr="prior&etilde;">priorem</expan> ad <expan abbr="numerũ">numerum</expan> <expan abbr="dimidiorũ">dimidiorum</expan> <expan abbr="nummũ">nummum</expan> quatuor & ui­<lb/>ginti: <expan abbr="&longs;ecundũ">&longs;ecundum</expan> alteram ad <expan abbr="numerũ">numerum</expan> <expan abbr="dimidiarũ">dimidiarum</expan> <expan abbr="&longs;emunciarũ">&longs;emunciarum</expan>, hoc e&longs;t <expan abbr="&longs;icilicorũ">&longs;icilicorum</expan>, <lb/>una & triginta: nam &longs;i conficerentur ad <expan abbr="numerũ">numerum</expan> <expan abbr="minorũ">minorum</expan> ponderum, iterum <lb/>numerus <expan abbr="acuũ">acuum</expan> efficeretur nimis magnus, & ex eis non paucæ propter <expan abbr="exi-guã">exi­<lb/>guam</expan> argenti uel æris portionem nihil &longs;ignificarent nobis: utri&longs;que tam uirgu­<lb/>las quàm monetas, quæ ex argento & ære con&longs;tant, experimur. </s> <s>Alteræ &longs;ic <lb/>&longs;e habent. </s> <s>Prima efficitur ex tribus & uiginti æris partibus, & una argenti <lb/>parte: quare quæcunque uirgula uel <expan abbr="nũmus">nummus</expan> coticulæ attritus ip&longs;am ita colo­<lb/>rat ut hæc acus, in ea ine&longs;t quarta & uice&longs;ima <expan abbr="arg&etilde;ti">argenti</expan> portio: atque ita quoque &longs;e <lb/><expan abbr="cundũ">cundum</expan> argenti <expan abbr="portion&etilde;">portionem</expan>, cùm &longs;uperat æs <expan abbr="iudicandũ">iudicandum</expan> e&longs;t. </s> <s><expan abbr="Secũda">Secunda</expan> acus confici <lb/>tur ex duabus & uiginti æris partibus & duabus <expan abbr="arg&etilde;ti">argenti</expan>. </s> <s>Tertia ex una & ui <lb/>ginti æris partibus, & tribus argenti. </s> <s>Quarta ex uiginti æris partibus et qua <lb/>tuor argenti. </s> <s>Quinta ex decem & <expan abbr="nou&etilde;">nouem</expan> æris partibus & quinque argenti. </s> <s>Se­<lb/>xta ex decem & octo æris partibus & &longs;ex argenti. </s> <s>Septima ex <expan abbr="dec&etilde;">decem</expan> & <expan abbr="&longs;ept&etilde;">&longs;eptem</expan> <lb/>æris partibus & <expan abbr="&longs;ept&etilde;">&longs;eptem</expan> argenti. </s> <s>Octaua ex &longs;edecim æris partibus & octo ar­<lb/><gap/>nti. </s> <s>Nona ex quindecim æris partibus & nouem argenti. </s> <s>Decima ex qua <lb/><gap/>ordecim æris partibus & <expan abbr="dec&etilde;">decem</expan> argenti. </s> <s>Vndecima ex tredecim æris parti­<lb/><gap/>us & undecim argenti. </s> <s>Duodecima ex duodecim æris partibus & <expan abbr="totid&etilde;">totidem</expan> <lb/>argenti. </s> <s>Decimatertia ex undecim æris partibus & tredecim argenti. </s> <s>Deci­<lb/>maquarta ex decem æris partibus & quatuordecim argenti. </s> <s>Decimaquinta <lb/>ex <expan abbr="nou&etilde;">nouem</expan> æris partibus & quindecim <expan abbr="arg&etilde;ti">argenti</expan>. </s> <s>Decima &longs;exta ex octo æris parti <lb/>bus & &longs;edecim <expan abbr="arg&etilde;ti">argenti</expan>. </s> <s>Decima &longs;eptima ex <expan abbr="&longs;ept&etilde;">&longs;eptem</expan> æris partib. </s> <s>& <expan abbr="dec&etilde;">decem</expan> & <expan abbr="&longs;ept&etilde;">&longs;eptem</expan> <lb/><expan abbr="arg&etilde;ti">argenti</expan>. </s> <s>Decimaoctaua ex &longs;ex æris partib. </s> <s>& <expan abbr="dec&etilde;">decem</expan> & octo <expan abbr="arg&etilde;ti">argenti</expan>. </s> <s>Decimano­<lb/>na ex quinque æris partib. </s> <s>& <expan abbr="dec&etilde;">decem</expan> & <expan abbr="nou&etilde;">nouem</expan> argenti. </s> <s>Vice&longs;ima ex quatuor æris <lb/>partibus & uiginti <expan abbr="arg&etilde;ti">argenti</expan>. </s> <s>Vice&longs;ima prima ex tribus æris partib, & una & ui <pb pagenum="204"/>ginti <expan abbr="arg&etilde;ti">argenti</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Vice&longs;ima&longs;ecũda">Vice&longs;ima&longs;ecunda</expan> ex duab. </s> <s>æris partib. </s> <s>& duab. </s> <s>ac uiginti <expan abbr="arg&etilde;ti">argenti</expan>. </s> <s><lb/>Vice&longs;ima tertia ex una æris parte ac trib. </s> <s>ac uiginti <expan abbr="arg&etilde;ti">argenti</expan> partib. </s> <s>Vice&longs;ima <lb/>quarta ex puro argento. </s> <s>Alteræ uerò acus ita &longs;e habent. </s> <s>Prima conficitur ex <lb/>quindecim <expan abbr="&longs;emũcijs">&longs;emuncijs</expan> æris, & una <expan abbr="&longs;emũcia">&longs;emuncia</expan> argenti. </s> <s><expan abbr="Secũda">Secunda</expan> ex quatuordecim <lb/><expan abbr="&longs;emũcijs">&longs;emuncijs</expan> & &longs;icilico æris, & <expan abbr="&longs;emũcia">&longs;emuncia</expan> atque &longs;icilico argenti. </s> <s>Tertia ex quatuor­<lb/>decim &longs;emuncijs æris, & duabus argenti. </s> <s>Quarta ex tredecim &longs;emuncijs & <lb/>&longs;icilico æris, & duabus &longs;emuncijs & &longs;icilico argenti. </s> <s>Quinta ex tredecim &longs;e <lb/>muncijs æris & tribus argenti. </s> <s>Sexta ex duodecim &longs;emuncijs & &longs;icilico æ­<lb/>ris & tribus &longs;emuncijs atque &longs;icilico argenti. </s> <s>Septima ex duodecim &longs;emun­<lb/>cijs æris & quatuor argenti. </s> <s>Octaua ex undecim &longs;emuncijs & &longs;icilico æris <lb/>& quatuor &longs;emuncijs atque &longs;icilico argenti. </s> <s>Nona ex undecim &longs;emuncijs æ­<lb/>ris & qninque argenti. </s> <s>Decima ex decem &longs;emuncijs & &longs;icilico æris, ac quinque<lb/>&longs;emuncijs atque &longs;icilico argenti. </s> <s>Vndecima ex decem &longs;emuncijs æris & &longs;ex <lb/>argenti. </s> <s>Duodecima ex nouem &longs;emuncijs & &longs;icilico æris, & &longs;ex &longs;emuncijs <lb/>atque &longs;icilico argenti. </s> <s>Decimatertia ex nouem &longs;emuncijs æris, & &longs;eptem &longs;e­<lb/>muncijs argenti. </s> <s>Decimaquarta ex octo &longs;emuncijs & &longs;icilico æris, & <expan abbr="&longs;ept&etilde;">&longs;eptem</expan> <lb/>&longs;emuncijs & &longs;icilico argenti. </s> <s>Decimaquinta ex octo &longs;emuncijs æris, & toti <lb/>dem argenti. </s> <s>Decima&longs;exta ex &longs;eptem &longs;emuncijs & &longs;icilico æris, ac octo &longs;e­<lb/>muncijs & &longs;icilico argenti. </s> <s>Decima&longs;eptima ex &longs;eptem <expan abbr="&longs;emũcijs">&longs;emuncijs</expan> æris, & no­<lb/>uem argenti. </s> <s>Decimaoctaua ex &longs;ex &longs;emuncijs & &longs;icilico æris, & nouem &longs;e­<lb/>muncijs atque &longs;icilico argenti. </s> <s>Decimanona ex &longs;ex &longs;emuncijs æris, & decem <lb/>argenti. </s> <s>Vice&longs;ima ex quinque &longs;emuncijs & &longs;icilico æris, ac decem &longs;emuncijs <lb/>atque &longs;icilico argenti. </s> <s>Vice&longs;imaprima ex quinque &longs;emuncijs æris, & undecim <lb/>argenti. </s> <s>Vice&longs;ima &longs;ecunda ex quatuor <expan abbr="&longs;emũcijs">&longs;emuncijs</expan> & &longs;icilico æris, ac undecim <lb/>&longs;emuncijs & &longs;icilico argenti. </s> <s>Vice&longs;ima tertia ex quatuor &longs;emuncijs æris, & <lb/>duodecim argenti. </s> <s>Vice&longs;ima quarta ex tribus &longs;emuncijs & &longs;icilico æris, ac <lb/>duodecim &longs;emuncijs & &longs;icilico argenti. </s> <s>Vice&longs;ima quinta ex tribus &longs;emun­<lb/>cijs æris, & tredecim argenti. </s> <s>Vice&longs;ima &longs;exta ex duabus &longs;emuncijs & &longs;icili­<lb/>co æris, ac tredecim &longs;emuncijs & &longs;icilico argenti. </s> <s>Vice&longs;ima &longs;eptima ex dua­<lb/>bus &longs;emuncijs æris, & quatuordecim argenti. </s> <s>Vice&longs;ima octaua ex una &longs;e­<lb/>muncia & &longs;icilico æris, & quatordecim &longs;emuncijs atque &longs;icilico argenti. </s> <s>Vi­<lb/>ce&longs;ima nona ex una &longs;emuncia æris, & quindecim &longs;emuncijs argenti. </s> <s>Trice­<lb/>&longs;ima ex &longs;icilico æris & quindecim &longs;emuncijs atque &longs;icilico argenti. </s> <s>Trice&longs;ima <lb/>prima ex argento puro. </s> <s>Hæc hactenus. </s> <s>Pluribus forta&longs;&longs;e uerbis quàm o­<lb/>ptimarum artium &longs;tudio&longs;i de&longs;iderent, tamen ad harum rerum cognitionem <lb/>nece&longs;&longs;arijs: nunc de ponderibus dicam, <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> &longs;æpe mentionem feci: ea du­<lb/>plicia &longs;unt metallicis, maiora &longs;cilicet & minora. </s> <s>Centumpondium e&longs;t <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> <lb/>& maximum pondus, nimirum centum librarum, atque ob id <expan abbr="centenariũ">centenarium</expan> di­<lb/>ctum. </s> <s>Dimidium <expan abbr="centũpondium">centumpondium</expan> <expan abbr="&longs;ecũdum">&longs;ecundum</expan>: & quidem quinquaginta libra <lb/>rum. </s> <s>Quarta centumpondij pars, quæ e&longs;t quinque & uiginti librarum, e&longs;t ter <lb/>tium pondus: <expan abbr="quartũ">quartum</expan> &longs;edecim librarum: quintum, octo: &longs;extum, quatuor: &longs;e <lb/>ptimum, duarum: octauum, libræ unius. </s> <s>Hæc uerò libra e&longs;t &longs;edecim uncia­<lb/>rum: cuius dimidia pars nempe &longs;elibra, quam no&longs;tri marcam nominant, e&longs;t <lb/>unciarum octo: &longs;iue, ut ip&longs;i diuidunt, &longs;emunciarum &longs;edecim: quæ &longs;elibra e&longs;t <pb pagenum="205"/>nonum pondus. </s> <s>At decimum e&longs;t <expan abbr="&longs;emũciarum">&longs;emunciarum</expan> octo: undecimum, quatuor: <lb/>duodecimum, duarum, decimumtertium, unius &longs;emunciæ: decimumquar­<lb/>tum, &longs;icilici: decimumquintum, unius drachmæ: decimum&longs;extum, dimidiæ <lb/>drachmæ. </s> <s>Ita di&longs;tribuuntur maiora pondera. </s> <s>Minora uerò &longs;unt portiones <lb/>factæ ex argento uel orichalco, uel ære: quarum prima & maxima plerunque<lb/>pendit drachmam unam: quanto enim minora fuerint, tanto utiliora &longs;unt: <lb/>minus enim & uenæ, uel metalli <expan abbr="experi&etilde;di">experiendi</expan>, & plumbi nobis opus e&longs;t. </s> <s>Ea au <lb/>tem portio nominatur centumpondium, re&longs;pondetque maiori librarum nu­<lb/>mero: quas item centum pendit. </s> <s>Secunda e&longs;t librarum quinquaginta: tertia, <lb/>quinque & uiginti: quarta, &longs;edecim: quinta, octo: &longs;exta, quatuor: &longs;eptima, dua­<lb/>rum, octaua, unius libræ: nona, &longs;elibræ: decima, octo &longs;emunciarum: undeci­<lb/>ma, quatuor: duodecima, duarum: decimatertia, unius: decima quarta, &longs;icili­<lb/>ci: quæ e&longs;t ultima. </s> <s>Nam portiones, quæ re&longs;pondent drachmæ & dimidiæ <lb/>drachmæ non &longs;unt u&longs;itatæ. </s> <s>In his autem portionibus ponderum minorum <lb/>omnibus numeri librarum & &longs;emunciarum &longs;unt in&longs;cripti. </s> <s>At metallici qui­<lb/>dam ærarij minora, ut etiam maiora, pondera aliter di&longs;tribuunt in partes: e­<lb/>tenim eorum maximum pondus pendit libras centum & duodecim, quæ <lb/>prima particula e&longs;t: &longs;ecunda, quatuor & &longs;exaginta: tertia, duas & triginta: <lb/>quarta, &longs;edecim: quinta, octo: &longs;exta, quatuor: &longs;eptima, duas: octaua, unam: no <lb/>na, &longs;elibram, &longs;iue &longs;emuncias &longs;edecim: decima, <expan abbr="&longs;emũcias">&longs;emuncias</expan> octo: undecima, qua­<lb/>tuor: duodecima, duas: decimatertia, unam.</s></p><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Verùm minorem &longs;elibram, quam no&longs;tri, ut &longs;æpe dixi, appellant marcam, <lb/>Romani be&longs;&longs;em <expan abbr="nominar&etilde;t">nominarent</expan>, æquè ac maiorem monetarij, qui cudunt <expan abbr="aurũ">aurum</expan>, <lb/>partiuntur in quatuor & uiginti binas &longs;extulas: &longs;ingulas binas &longs;extulas in <lb/>quatuor &longs;emi&longs;extulas: &longs;ingulas &longs;emi&longs;extulas in tres quaternas &longs;iliquas. </s> <s>Sin­<lb/>gulas præterea quaternas &longs;iliquas <expan abbr="quidã">quidam</expan> in quatuor &longs;iliquas: &longs;ed plerique o­<pb pagenum="206"/>mittentes &longs;emi&longs;extulas, mox binas &longs;extulas diuidunt in duodecim quater­<lb/>nas &longs;iliquas: nec has partiuntur in quatuor &longs;iliquas. </s> <s>Itaque prima & maximæ <lb/>particula, quæ bes e&longs;t, pendit quatuor & uiginti binas &longs;extulas: &longs;ecunda, du <lb/>odecim: tertia, &longs;ex: quarta, tres: quinta, duas: &longs;exta, &longs;ingulas &longs;iue quatuor &longs;e­<lb/>mi&longs;extulas: &longs;eptima, duas &longs;emi&longs;extulas: octaua, unam: &longs;iue tres quaternas &longs;ili <lb/>quas: nona, duas: decima, unam. </s> <s>Quinetiam monetarij, qui &longs;ignant <expan abbr="argentũ">argentum</expan>, <lb/>be&longs;&longs;em minorem &longs;imiliter atque maiorem partiuntur: no&longs;tri quidem in <expan abbr="&longs;emũ">&longs;emum</expan> <lb/>cias &longs;edecim, &longs;emunciam uerò in decem & octo quaternas &longs;iliquas. </s> <s>Ip&longs;is <expan abbr="aũt">aunt</expan> <lb/>particulæ &longs;unt decem, quibus in alteram libræ lancem impo&longs;itis, ponderant <lb/>argentum, quod, cùm igni experiuntur mi&longs;turam, &longs;upere&longs;t ære iam con&longs;um <lb/>pto: quarum prima e&longs;t bes, & pendit &longs;emuncias &longs;edecim: &longs;ecunda, octo: ter­<lb/>tia, quatuor: quarta duas: quinta <expan abbr="unã">unam</expan>, &longs;iue decem & octo quaternas &longs;iliquas: <lb/>&longs;exta, nouem quaternas &longs;iliquas: &longs;eptima, &longs;ex: octaua, tres: nona, duas: deci­<lb/>ma, unam. </s> <s>At Norebergij monetarij, qui cudunt argentum, be&longs;&longs;em etiam di <lb/>uidunt in <expan abbr="&longs;emũcias">&longs;emuncias</expan> &longs;edecim, &longs;ed &longs;emunciam in quatuor drachmas, <expan abbr="drachmã">drachmam</expan> <lb/>in quatuor nummulos: quibus &longs;unt nouem particulæ: quarum prima pen­<lb/>dit &longs;emuncias &longs;edecim: &longs;ecunda, octo: tertia, quatuor: quarta, duas: quinta, u­<lb/>nam. </s> <s>Be&longs;&longs;em enim non aliter ac no&longs;tri di&longs;tribuunt: &longs;ed quia &longs;emunciam par <lb/><expan abbr="tiũtur">tiuntur</expan> in quatuor drachmas, &longs;exta particula pendit duas drachmas: &longs;eptima, <lb/>unum, &longs;iue nummulos quatuor: octaua, nummulos duos: nona unum. </s> <s>Ve­<lb/>rùm Agrippinen&longs;es & Antuerpiani diuidunt be&longs;&longs;em in duodecim quinas <lb/>drachmas & &longs;ingula &longs;cripula, quæ pondera nummos <expan abbr="appellãt">appellant</expan>. </s> <s>Quodque ue­<lb/>rò rur&longs;us di&longs;tribuunt in quatuor & uiginti quaternas &longs;iliquas, quas nomi­<lb/>nant grana: eis autem &longs;unt decem particulæ: <expan abbr="quarũ">quarum</expan> prima e&longs;t bes, & pendit <lb/>duodecim nummos: &longs;ecunda, &longs;ex: tertia, tres: quarta, duos: quinta, unum &longs;i­<lb/>ue quatuor & uiginti quaternas &longs;iliquas: &longs;exta, duodecim quaternas &longs;ili­<lb/>quas: &longs;eptima, &longs;ex: octaua, tres: nona, duas: decima, unas. </s> <s>Itaque his æquè ac no <lb/>&longs;tris bes diuiditur in quaternas &longs;iliquas ducentas octoginta octo: Noreber <lb/>gijs uerò in nummulos ducentos quinquaginta &longs;ex. </s> <s>Po&longs;tremò Veneti be&longs;­<lb/>&longs;em partiuntur in uncias octo: unciam, in quatuor &longs;icilicos: &longs;icilicum, in &longs;ili­<lb/>quas &longs;ex & triginta: qui duodecim particulas facere po&longs;&longs;unt, quibus <expan abbr="utãtur">utantur</expan>, <lb/>&longs;i quando mi&longs;turas argenti & æris experiri uelint: quarum prima erit bes & <lb/>pendet uncias octo: <expan abbr="&longs;ecũda">&longs;ecunda</expan>, quatuor: tertia, duas, quarta, unam, &longs;iue &longs;icilicos <lb/>quatuor: quinta, &longs;icilicos duos: &longs;exta, &longs;icilicum unum: &longs;eptima, &longs;iliquas <expan abbr="dec&etilde;">decem</expan> <lb/>& octo: octaua, nouem: nona, &longs;ex: decima, tres: undecima, duas: duodecima, <lb/>unam. </s> <s>Quoniam uerò Veneti di&longs;tribuunt be&longs;&longs;em in &longs;iliquas mille centum <lb/>quinquaginta duas, & quaternæ &longs;iliquæ ducentæ octoginta octo, in quot <lb/>no&longs;tri diuidunt be&longs;&longs;em, efficiunt totidem &longs;iliquas, utrique idem &longs;entiunt: et&longs;i <lb/>Veneti be&longs;&longs;em minutius concidunt. </s> <s>Atque ponderum tam maiorum quàm <lb/>minorum, quibus metallici utuntur, hæc ferè ratio e&longs;t: itemque <expan abbr="minorũ">minorum</expan>, qui­<lb/>bus monetarij & mercatores cùm metalla & monetas experiri &longs;olent. </s> <s>Maio <lb/>res uerò be&longs;&longs;es, quos adhibent cùm magnas earundem rerum ma&longs;&longs;as pon­<lb/>derant, explicaui libro De re&longs;tituendis men&longs;uris & ponderibus in&longs;cripto, <lb/>& &longs;ecundo Deprecio metallorum & monetis. </s> <s>Tres autem minores libræ <lb/>&longs;unt, quibus uenas, metalla, additamenta ponderamus: prima, qua <expan abbr="plumbũ">plumbum</expan> <pb pagenum="207"/>& <expan abbr="additam&etilde;ta">additamenta</expan>: ea inter minores i&longs;tas libras e&longs;t maxima: & octo maioris pon <lb/>deris uncijs in eius alteram lancem, & totidem in alteram impo&longs;itis uitium <lb/>non facit. </s> <s>Secunda &longs;ubtilior e&longs;t, qua ponderamus uenas <expan abbr="experi&etilde;das">experiendas</expan> uel me­<lb/>tallum: ea <expan abbr="centumpondiũ">centumpondium</expan> minoris ponderis bene ferre pote&longs;t in altera lan­<lb/>ce, atque in altera uenam uel metallum tam graue quàm tantulum <expan abbr="centũpon-dium">centumpon­<lb/>dium</expan> e&longs;t. </s> <s>Tertia e&longs;t &longs;ubtili&longs;&longs;ima, qua ponderamus ma&longs;&longs;ulam auri uel argen­<lb/>ti, quæ experimento perfecto in catilli cinerei fundo re&longs;edit. </s> <s>Quod &longs;i quis &longs;e <lb/>cunda libra ponderabit plumbum, uel tertia uenam, multum eis nocebit. </s> <s><lb/>Quod autem metalli pondus minus ex uenæ uel metalli mi&longs;ti centumpon­<lb/>dio minore conficitur, idem metalli pondus maius ex uenæ uel metalli mi­<lb/>&longs;ti centumpondio maiore conflatur.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>P<emph type="italics"/>rima libra minor<emph.end type="italics"/> A. S<emph type="italics"/>ecunda<emph.end type="italics"/> B. <lb/>T<emph type="italics"/>ertia in loculamento po&longs;ita<emph.end type="italics"/> C.</s></p><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>De re Metallica Libri VII. FINIS.</s></p><pb pagenum="208"/><p type="head"> <s>GEORGII AGRICO­<lb/>LAE DE RE METALLICA <lb/>LIBER OCTAVVS.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Qvemadmodvm uenas experimenti gratia tra­<lb/>ctare conueniat, &longs;uperiore libro explicaui, nunc ag <lb/>grederer ad maius opus, id ip&longs;um &longs;cilicet, quod no <lb/>bis parit metalla, ni&longs;i prius uenarum præparanda­<lb/>rum rationes e&longs;&longs;ent exponendæ: cùm enim natura <lb/>metalla plerunque procreare &longs;oleat impura & mi&longs;ta <lb/>cum terris & &longs;uccis concretis, & lapidibus, nece&longs;&longs;e <lb/>e&longs;t eas res fo&longs;&longs;iles, plera&longs;que à uenis metallicis antea­<lb/>quam excoquantur, quoad fieri pote&longs;t, &longs;eparare. </s> <s>I­<lb/>taque quibus modis uenæ di&longs;cernantur, tundantur malleis, urantur, tundan­<lb/>tur pilis, molantur in farinam, cribrentur, lauentur, torreantur, crementur <lb/>nune dicam, exordiarque à prima laborandi ratione. </s> <s>Periti metallici cùm ue­<lb/>nas fodiunt, mox in ip&longs;is puteis aut cuniculis <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> metallicam <expan abbr="di&longs;cernũt">di&longs;cernunt</expan> <lb/>à terris, &longs;uccis concretis, lapidibus: precio&longs;amque in alucis, uilem in ua&longs;is re­<lb/>ponunt. </s> <s>Quod &longs;i fo&longs;&longs;or aliquis rerum metallicarum imperitus non fecerit, <lb/>aut peritus etiam nece&longs;&longs;itate, cui parendum fuit, coactus facere non potue­<lb/>rit, quamprimum id quod effo&longs;&longs;um e&longs;t, ex fodina fuerit extractum, omne lu <lb/>&longs;trari debet, uenæque pars metalli diues di&longs;cerni ab eius parte metalli exper­<lb/>te, &longs;iue terra &longs;iue &longs;uccus concretus, &longs;iue lapis fuerit. </s> <s>Nam uenam inutilem &longs;i­<lb/>mul cum utili excoquere damno&longs;um e&longs;t: &longs;iquidem impen&longs;æ pereunt, quod <lb/>ex terris & lapidibus conflentur, recrementa tantummodo inania & inuti­<lb/>lia: ex &longs;uccis concretis quidam impediant metallorum excoctionem, & da­<lb/>mnum dent. </s> <s>At &longs;axa, quæ &longs;unt ad uenam diuitem, etiam ip&longs;a, ne quid metal­<lb/>li pereat, &longs;unt tundenda, comminuenda, lauanda. </s> <s>Verùm &longs;i fo&longs;&longs;ores uel igna <lb/>ri, uel incauti uenas, dum eas cauarent, cum terris & &longs;axis commi&longs;cuerunt, <lb/>munus metalli rudis &longs;ecernendi, uel uenæ præ&longs;tantis non uiri modo &longs;u&longs;ci­<lb/>piunt, &longs;ed etiam pueri uel mulieres: eam uerò mi&longs;turam in abacum longum, <lb/>cui totos ferè dies a&longs;&longs;ident, inijciunt, & ab ea metallum &longs;eparant: &longs;eparatum <lb/>in alueos colligunt: collectum in ua&longs;a inijciunt: quæ in officinam, in qua ue­<lb/>næ excoqui &longs;olent, inuehuntur.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>A<emph type="italics"/>bacus longus<emph.end type="italics"/> A. A<emph type="italics"/>luei<emph.end type="italics"/> B. V<emph type="italics"/>a&longs;a<emph.end type="italics"/> C.</s></p><pb pagenum="209"/><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Sed metallorum, quæ pura uel rudia &longs;unt effo&longs;&longs;a, quod genus &longs;unt argen <lb/>tum purum, aut rude plumbei uel cinerei coloris, ma&longs;&longs;as præ&longs;ides <expan abbr="fodinarũ">fodinarum</expan> <lb/>lapidi &longs;uperimpo&longs;itas malleis quadrangulis & cra&longs;&longs;is percutientes dilatant: <lb/>quas laminas deinde uel trunco impo&longs;itas ferreis cuneis<gap/>, lleo percu&longs;&longs;is &longs;e <lb/>cant in partes: uel ferramento, forficis &longs;imili concidunt: cius altera chela, in <lb/>trunco immobili infixa, longa e&longs;t pedes tres: altera, quæ metallum concidit, <lb/>&longs;ex. </s> <s>Eas autem metalli partes po&longs;thæc excoctores in catillis ferreis calfactas <lb/>in &longs;ecundis fornacibus excoquunt.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>M<emph type="italics"/>etalli ma&longs;&longs;a<emph.end type="italics"/> A. M<emph type="italics"/>alleus<emph.end type="italics"/> B. C<emph type="italics"/>uneus<emph.end type="italics"/> C. <lb/>T<emph type="italics"/>runcus<emph.end type="italics"/> D. F<emph type="italics"/>erramentum forfici &longs;imile<emph.end type="italics"/> E.</s></p><pb pagenum="210"/><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Et&longs;i uerò fo&longs;&longs;ores in puteis aut cuniculis res fo&longs;&longs;iles di&longs;creuerunt, tamen <lb/>uenæ metallicæ ex ip&longs;is extractæ aut euectæ malleis in partes frangen­<lb/>dæ &longs;unt, uel minutim contundendæ, comminuendæque, ut i&longs;to etiam modo <lb/>præ&longs;tantiores & meliores partes à uilioribus & deterioribus di&longs;cerni po&longs;­<lb/>&longs;int: quod in uenis excoquendis plurimum ualet: etenim &longs;i di&longs;crimine remo <lb/>to uenæ excoquantur, precio&longs;a non raro magnum <expan abbr="detrim&etilde;tum">detrimentum</expan> accipit, pri­<lb/>u&longs;quam uilis igni lique&longs;cat: aut una alteram con&longs;umit: quod ne fiat partim <lb/>hac diligentia, partim additamentis po&longs;&longs;umus cauere: &longs;ed &longs;i uena metalli ali­<lb/>cuius uilis fuerit, eius extractæ uel euectæ, meliorem partem conijcere opor <lb/>tet in unum aliquem locum: deteriorem uerò itemque &longs;axa abijcere. </s> <s>Di&longs;cre­<lb/>tores autem cuique abaco durum & latum lapidem <expan abbr="imponũt">imponunt</expan>. </s> <s>Abaci <expan abbr="plerũquelongi">plerunque<lb/>longi</expan> & lati quatuor pedes con&longs;tant ex a&longs;&longs;eribus inter &longs;e coagmentatis: ad <lb/>quorum latera & tergum a&longs;&longs;eres, ex eis circiter pedem <expan abbr="emin&etilde;tes">eminentes</expan>, affixi &longs;unt: <lb/>frons, cui &longs;ecretor a&longs;&longs;idet, patet. </s> <s>Eorum uerò alij uenæ auri uel argenti, diui­<lb/>tis ma&longs;&longs;am lapidi &longs;uperimpo&longs;itam & malleo lato, &longs;ed non cra&longs;&longs;o, percu&longs;&longs;am <lb/>modò in partes frangunt, & in unum uas conijciunt: modò <expan abbr="frangũt">frangunt</expan> & præ­<lb/>&longs;tantes à uilioribus di&longs;cernentes, unde nomen inuenerunt, eas &longs;eparatim in <lb/>diuer&longs;a ua&longs;a inijciunt & colligunt. </s> <s>Alij uerò uenæ minus auri uel argenti di <lb/>uitis ma&longs;&longs;am item lapidi &longs;uperimpo&longs;itam, malleoque lato & cra&longs;&longs;o percu&longs;&longs;am <lb/>minutim contundunt: ac, cùm multa fuerit comminuta, collectam in unum <pb pagenum="211"/>uas inijciunt. </s> <s>Va&longs;orum duplex genus e&longs;t: alterum altius, & in medio paulo <lb/>amplius quàm in infimo uel &longs;ummo: alterum humilius. </s> <s>Quod cùm in imo <lb/>amplius &longs;it, continuo &longs;ur&longs;um uer&longs;us aliquanto e&longs;t angu&longs;tius: illud &longs;uperius <lb/>operculo tegitur, hoc non tegitur: &longs;ed bacillum ferreum per eius an&longs;as pe­<lb/>netrans utrinque recuruatur: quod manibus, cùm uas <expan abbr="deportãdum">deportandum</expan> e&longs;t, pre­<lb/>henditur. </s> <s>Di&longs;cretores autem in primis a&longs;&longs;iduos e&longs;&longs;e oportet.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>A<emph type="italics"/>bacus<emph.end type="italics"/> A. A<emph type="italics"/>&longs;&longs;eres eminentes<emph.end type="italics"/> B. M<emph type="italics"/>alleus<emph.end type="italics"/> C. M<emph type="italics"/>alleus quadran­<lb/>gulus<emph.end type="italics"/> D. V<emph type="italics"/>as altius<emph.end type="italics"/> E. V<emph type="italics"/>as humilius<emph.end type="italics"/> F. B<emph type="italics"/>acillum ferreum<emph.end type="italics"/> G.</s></p><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Alter modus uenas <expan abbr="tund&etilde;di">tundendi</expan> malleis hic e&longs;t: magnæ uenæ duræ fragmen <lb/>ta contunduntur anteaquam urantur. </s> <s>Operariorum certe, qui Go&longs;elariæ i­<lb/>&longs;to modo magnis malleis tundunt pyritas, pedes &longs;unt corticibus qua&longs;i ocre <lb/>is armati, manus chirothecis prælongis: ne glareæ de fragmentis de&longs;ilien­<lb/>tes eos &longs;aucient.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>P<emph type="italics"/>yritæ<emph.end type="italics"/> A. C<emph type="italics"/>ortices<emph.end type="italics"/> B. C<emph type="italics"/>hirothecæ<emph.end type="italics"/> C. M<emph type="italics"/>alleus<emph.end type="italics"/> D.</s></p><pb pagenum="212"/><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>At in magnæ Germaniæ regione, quæ Ve&longs;tofalia dicitur, & in Germa­<lb/>niæ inferioris regione quæ Eifalia nominatur, operarij contrà uenarum pri <lb/>us u&longs;tarum fragmenta in rotundam aream, lapidibus duri&longs;&longs;imis arctè &longs;tra­<lb/>tam, coniecta terunt ferramentis, quæ figura ferè malleis &longs;imilia &longs;unt, u&longs;u tri <lb/>bulis: nam longa pedem, lata palmum, cra&longs;&longs;a digitum, in medio &longs;icuti mallei <lb/>habent foramen, in quo includitur manubrium ligneum <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="admodũ">admodum</expan> cra&longs;­<lb/>&longs;um, &longs;ed longum ad pedes tres & <expan abbr="dimidiũ">dimidium</expan>, ut operarij eius pondere inclina­<lb/>tiore uehementius <expan abbr="uenarũ">uenarum</expan> fragmenta percutere po&longs;&longs;int: lata uerò ferramen­<lb/>ti parte percutientes ea conterunt: quo modo etiam tribulis, quanquam ea <lb/>lignea & teretia &longs;unt, atque ad perticas appen&longs;a, frumenta in area <expan abbr="terũtur">teruntur</expan>. </s> <s>Ve­<lb/>nas autem comminutas &longs;copis <expan abbr="cõuerrentes">conuerrentes</expan> in officinam inuehunt: in qua la <lb/>uantur in area curta: ad cuius caput lotor &longs;tans rutro ligneo &longs;ur&longs;um uer&longs;us <lb/>crahit aquam: quæ rur&longs;us delap&longs;a id, quod leue e&longs;t, rapit in &longs;ubiectum cana­<lb/>lem: quam lauandi rationem paulo po&longs;t planius explicabo.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>A<emph type="italics"/>rea lapidibus &longs;trata<emph.end type="italics"/> A. V<emph type="italics"/>enarum fragmenta<emph.end type="italics"/> B. <lb/>A<emph type="italics"/>rea uenarum fragmentis referta<emph.end type="italics"/> C. <lb/>F<emph type="italics"/>erramentum<emph.end type="italics"/> D. E<emph type="italics"/>ius manubrium<emph.end type="italics"/> E. S<emph type="italics"/>copæ<emph.end type="italics"/> F. <lb/>A<emph type="italics"/>rea curta<emph.end type="italics"/> G. R<emph type="italics"/>utrum lignewn<emph.end type="italics"/> H.</s></p><pb pagenum="213"/><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>At duabus de cau&longs;is uenæ uruntur: uel enim ut ex duris molles & fragi­<lb/>les factæ facilius aut tundi malleis pilisúe, aut mox excoqui po&longs;&longs;int: uel ut <lb/>res pingues <expan abbr="cõburãtur">comburantur</expan> &longs;ulfur &longs;cilicet, bitumen, <expan abbr="auripigmentũ">auripigmentum</expan>, &longs;andaraca: &longs;ed <lb/>fulfur &longs;æpius in uenis metallicis ine&longs;t, & plerunque plus quàm cætera nocet <lb/>metallis omnibus, excepto auro: uerùm maximè nocet ferro, minus plum­<lb/>bo candido quàm uel cinereo, uel nigro, uel argento, uel æri. </s> <s>Quoniam ue­<lb/>rò rari&longs;&longs;imè inuenitur aurum, in quo non &longs;it argentum, etiam uenæ auri &longs;ul­<lb/>fur in &longs;e continentes urendæ &longs;unt priu&longs;quam excoquantur: etenim &longs;ulfur in <lb/>cinerem re&longs;oluit metallum in uehementi&longs;&longs;imo fornacum igni, atque ex eo re­<lb/>crementum efficit: idem agit bitumen: imo interdum argentum con&longs;umit: <lb/>&qring;d in cadmia bitumino&longs;a licet uidere. </s> <s>Sed nunc ad urendi modos uenio: & <lb/>primò <expan abbr="quid&etilde;">quidem</expan> ad <expan abbr="eũ">eum</expan>, qui omnib. </s> <s>uenis <expan abbr="cõmunis">communis</expan> e&longs;t. </s> <s>Terra <expan abbr="tantũmodo">tantummodo</expan> effo&longs;&longs;a <lb/>fit area <expan abbr="quadrãgula">quadrangula</expan> &longs;atis magna & à fronte aperta: &longs;uper <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> ligna <expan abbr="cõtin&etilde;ter">continenter</expan> <lb/><expan abbr="cõponũtur">componuntur</expan>: & &longs;uper ea alia ligna <expan abbr="trã&longs;uer&longs;a">tran&longs;uer&longs;a</expan> <expan abbr="it&etilde;">item</expan> <expan abbr="cõtin&etilde;ter">continenter</expan> <expan abbr="locãtur">locantur</expan>: quocirca <expan abbr="hãc">hanc</expan> <lb/><expan abbr="lignorũ">lignorum</expan> <expan abbr="&longs;tru&etilde;">&longs;truem</expan> no&longs;tri <expan abbr="crat&etilde;">cratem</expan> <expan abbr="appellãt">appellant</expan>: id uerò iteratur u&longs;que <expan abbr="dũ">dum</expan> &longs;trues illa <expan abbr="cubitũ">cubitum</expan> <lb/><expan abbr="unũ">unum</expan> uel duo fiat alta: tum &longs;uper eam imponuntur <expan abbr="uenarũ">uenarum</expan> <expan abbr="qualiumcũque">qualiumcunque</expan> <gap/>l <lb/>leis comminutarum fragmenta: primò maxima, deinde mediocria, po&longs;tre­<lb/>mò minima: &longs;icque coagmentatio clementer a&longs;&longs;urgens metæ forma figura­<lb/>tur. </s> <s>Ne uerò di&longs;&longs;ipetur eiu&longs;dem uenæ arenula aquis madida ip&longs;i illinitur, & <pb pagenum="214"/>batillis tunditur. </s> <s>Quidam &longs;i talis arenula eis defuerit, pyram puluere, à car­<lb/>bonibus re&longs;oluto, non aliter ac carbonarij tegunt. </s> <s>At Go&longs;elariæ compo&longs;iti­<lb/>oni, in metæ figuram formatæ, atramentum &longs;utorium rubrum, quo de&longs;tillat <lb/>pyrites u&longs;tus, aquis madefactum illinunt. </s> <s>Alibi autem &longs;emel uena uritur: <lb/>alibi bis, alibi ter, prout ip&longs;ius duricies id po&longs;tulat. </s> <s>Go&longs;elariæ quidem cùm <lb/>pyrites tertiò uritur, is, qui in <expan abbr="&longs;u&mtilde;o">&longs;umno</expan> pyræ e&longs;t collocatus, exudat, ut aliàs &longs;cri­<lb/>p&longs;i, quiddam &longs;ubuiride, aridum, a&longs;perum, tenue: quod ignis non aliter ac a­<lb/>miantum non facile comburit. </s> <s>Quinetiam per&longs;æpe aqua immittitur in ue­<lb/>nam u&longs;tam & adhuc calentem, hac de cau&longs;a, ut magis molle&longs;cat & friabilis <lb/>fiat. </s> <s>Nam cùm uis ignium eius humorem exiccauit, aqua calentem facilius <lb/><gap/>li&longs;&longs;oluit: cuius rei maximum indicium &longs;unt &longs;axa calcaria u&longs;ta.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>A<emph type="italics"/>reæ<emph.end type="italics"/> A. L<emph type="italics"/>igna<emph.end type="italics"/> B. V<emph type="italics"/>ena<emph.end type="italics"/> C. M<emph type="italics"/>etæ <lb/>figura<emph.end type="italics"/> D. C<emph type="italics"/>analis<emph.end type="italics"/> E.</s></p><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Sed terra item effo&longs;&longs;a fiant areæ multò ampliores, & ad normam quadra <lb/>tæ: à quarum lateribus atque tergo muri ducantur, ut ignis ardorem magis <lb/>contineant: à fronte uerò &longs;imiliter patere debent. </s> <s>In his &longs;eparatim uena <lb/>plumbi candidi uratur hoc modo. </s> <s>Primò ligna circiter duodecim pedes <lb/>longa in area locentur, quater uici&longs;&longs;um, recta & tran&longs;uer&longs;a. </s> <s>Deinde maiora <pb pagenum="215"/>uenæ fragmenta eis &longs;uperinijciantur: quibus rur&longs;us minora quæ <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ad eo­<lb/>rum latera apponantur: quin eiu&longs;dem uenæ arenulæ ip&longs;is quoque illinantur <lb/>& batillis tundantur, ne prius quàm u&longs;ta fuerint, decidant: tum ligna incen­<lb/>dantur.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>P<emph type="italics"/>yra accen&longs;a<emph.end type="italics"/> A. P<emph type="italics"/>yra quæ extruitur<emph.end type="italics"/> B. V<emph type="italics"/>ena<emph.end type="italics"/> C. <lb/>L<emph type="italics"/>igna<emph.end type="italics"/> D. E<emph type="italics"/>orundem &longs;trues<emph.end type="italics"/> E.</s></p><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Plumbi uerò nigri uena, &longs;i u&longs;tionis indigebit, in aream conijciatur pror­<lb/>&longs;us a&longs;&longs;imilem, &longs;ed decliuem: eique ligna &longs;uperimponantur: à fronte etiam ad <lb/>uenam, ne decidat, arbor apponatur. </s> <s>Vena &longs;ic u&longs;ta quodammodo lique&longs;cit, <lb/>& recrementis fit &longs;imilis. </s> <s>In Tauri&longs;cis autem pyrites, in quo aliquid auri, &longs;ul <lb/>furis, atramenti &longs;utorij ine&longs;t, po&longs;tquam ultimum ex eo aqua cocto <expan abbr="confectũ">confectum</expan> <lb/>fuit, in fornacem furni figura ferè &longs;imilem, in quam ligna &longs;unt impo&longs;ita, con­<lb/>ijcitur, ut, cùm uritur, id quod utile, cum fumo non euolet, &longs;ed ad fornacis te <lb/>&longs;tudinem adhære&longs;cat: quo modo &longs;æpe etiam &longs;ulfur de duobus eiu&longs;dem te­<lb/>&longs;tudinis foraminibus, per quæ fumus eluctatur, &longs;tiriarum in&longs;tar pendet.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>P<emph type="italics"/>yra, quæ ex uena plumbi & lignis ei &longs;uperimpo&longs;itis con&longs;tat, accen&longs;a<emph.end type="italics"/> A. <lb/>O<emph type="italics"/>perarius uenam in alteram aream conijcit<emph.end type="italics"/> B. F<emph type="italics"/>ornax furni <lb/>&longs;imilis<emph.end type="italics"/> C. F<emph type="italics"/>oramina per quæ fumus eluctatur<emph.end type="italics"/> D.</s></p><pb pagenum="216"/><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Si uero pyrites uel cadmia, uel alia uena metalli particeps <expan abbr="plu&longs;culũ">plu&longs;culum</expan> &longs;ulfu­<lb/>ris uel bituminis in &longs;e <expan abbr="cõtineat">contineat</expan>, &longs;ic urenda e&longs;t, ut <expan abbr="neutrũ">neutrum</expan> pereat: itaque in <expan abbr="ferreã">ferream</expan> <lb/><expan abbr="laminã">laminam</expan> <expan abbr="foraminũ">foraminum</expan> <expan abbr="plenã">plenam</expan> <expan abbr="cõiecta">coniecta</expan>, carbonibusque &longs;uperiniectis uritur. </s> <s>Eam <expan abbr="la-minã">la­<lb/>minam</expan> <expan abbr="&longs;u&longs;tin&etilde;t">&longs;u&longs;tinent</expan> tres muri, duo à lateribus, tertius à tergo. </s> <s>Sub ip&longs;a ollæ, in qui <lb/>bus aqua ine&longs;t, collocantur: in <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> uapor &longs;ulfuro&longs;us uel bitumino&longs;us defer­<lb/>tur: inque ea pinguitudo, &longs;i &longs;ulfur fuerit, <expan abbr="plerũque">plerunque</expan> lutea: &longs;i bitumen, picis in&longs;tar <lb/>nigra &longs;upernatans <expan abbr="cõcre&longs;cit">concre&longs;cit</expan>: quæ ni eliceretur, metallo, dum excoqueretur <lb/>uena, <expan abbr="multũ">multum</expan> noceret. </s> <s>Ab ea uerò &longs;ic &longs;eparata <expan abbr="aliqu&etilde;">aliquem</expan> utilitatis <expan abbr="fructũ">fructum</expan> homini­<lb/>bus præbet: maxime &longs;ulfurea. </s> <s>Ex uapore <expan abbr="aũt">aunt</expan>, qui <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> in <expan abbr="aquã">aquam</expan>, &longs;ed in <expan abbr="&longs;olũ">&longs;olum</expan> de­<lb/>fertur, &longs;ulfur uel bitumen fit pompholygis &longs;imile, & tam leue, ut difflari &longs;piri <lb/>tu po&longs;&longs;it. </s> <s>Alij <expan abbr="utũtur">utuntur</expan> fornace <expan abbr="cõcamerata">concamerata</expan>, & è fronte patente, atque in duas ca <lb/>meras di&longs;tincta. </s> <s><expan abbr="Inferior&etilde;">Inferiorem</expan> murus, in eius medio ductus, in duas partes æqua <lb/>les diuidit, in quibus ollæ, &longs;imiliter <expan abbr="aquã">aquam</expan> in &longs;e <expan abbr="cõtinentes">continentes</expan>, collocantur. </s> <s>Supe <lb/>rior uerò rur&longs;us in tres partes e&longs;t di&longs;tributa: <expan abbr="quarũ">quarum</expan> media, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> latior medio <lb/>muro, cuius &longs;uprema pars e&longs;t, &longs;emper patet: in ea enim ligna imponuntur: a­<lb/>lijs duabus &longs;unt ferreæ fores, quæ lignis accen&longs;is clauduntur, ut non minus <lb/>quàm te&longs;tudo ignis <expan abbr="ardor&etilde;">ardorem</expan> <expan abbr="cõtineant">contineant</expan>: in illarum bacillis ferreis, quæ pro pa <lb/>uimento habent, collocantur ollæ fundo carentes: cuius loco cancelli, ex fer <lb/>reis &longs;ilis facti, in quanque imponuntur: per quorum foramina &longs;ulfuro&longs;i uel bi <lb/>tumino&longs;i uapores à uena u&longs;ta manant in ollas inferiores. </s> <s><expan abbr="Superiorũ">Superiorum</expan> autem <lb/>ollarum &longs;ingulæ centumpondium uenæ capiunt: qua repletæ operculis te­<lb/>guntur, lutoque oblinuntur.</s></p><pb pagenum="217"/><p type="caption"> <s>L<emph type="italics"/>amina ferrea foraminum plena<emph.end type="italics"/> A. M<emph type="italics"/>uri<emph.end type="italics"/> B. L<emph type="italics"/>amina cui uena iniecta<emph.end type="italics"/> C. C<emph type="italics"/>arbenes <lb/>uenæ &longs;uperiniecti ardentes<emph.end type="italics"/> D. O<emph type="italics"/>llæ<emph.end type="italics"/> E. F<emph type="italics"/>ornax<emph.end type="italics"/> F. S<emph type="italics"/>uperioris cameræ pars me­<lb/>dia<emph.end type="italics"/> G. A<emph type="italics"/>liæ duæ partes<emph.end type="italics"/> H. I<emph type="italics"/>nferioris cameræ partes<emph.end type="italics"/> I. M<emph type="italics"/>urus medius<emph.end type="italics"/> K. <lb/>O<emph type="italics"/>llæ quæ uena replentur<emph.end type="italics"/> L. E<emph type="italics"/>arum opercula<emph.end type="italics"/> M. C<emph type="italics"/>ancelli<emph.end type="italics"/> N.</s></p><figure></figure><pb pagenum="218"/><p type="main"> <s>Eislebij quoque & in finitimis locis cùm <expan abbr="urũt">urunt</expan> lapides fi&longs;&longs;iles bituminis <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb/>expertes, ex quibus æs conflatur, non utuntur &longs;true lignorum, &longs;ed fa&longs;cibus <lb/>uirgultorum: quondam id genus lapides ex puteis extractos mox &longs;uper fa­<lb/>&longs;ces uirgultorum &longs;ub&longs;tratos inijciebant, eisque accen&longs;is urebant. </s> <s>Nunc <expan abbr="eo&longs;d&etilde;">eo&longs;dem</expan> <lb/>primò in unum aceruum conuehunt: deinde ad quoddam tempus ita <expan abbr="iac&etilde;t">iacent</expan>, <lb/>ut aer & imber eos aliquo modo molles efficiant: tum prope aceruum &longs;ter­<lb/>nunt fa&longs;ces uirgultorum: atque in ip&longs;os inuehunt proximos lapides: po&longs;tea <lb/>rur&longs;us in uacuo loco, à quo primi lapides ablati &longs;unt, fa&longs;ces uirgultorum po <lb/>nunt: & lapides primis proxime adiunctos eis inijciunt: quod <expan abbr="faciũt">faciunt</expan> u&longs;que ad <lb/>eum finem dum lapides omnes fuerint in fa&longs;ces uirgultorum coniecti, fiatque<lb/>tuniulus: po&longs;tremò incendunt fa&longs;ces uirgultorum: uerùm non ea parte, qua <lb/>flat uentus &longs;ed oppo&longs;ita, ne ignis ui uenti <expan abbr="cõcitatus">concitatus</expan> antè con&longs;umat fa&longs;ces uir <lb/>gultorum quàm lapides urantur & molles fiant: quo &longs;ane modo lapides eti <lb/>am fa&longs;cibus uicini ignem concipiunt, eumque communicant cum proximis: <lb/>atque hi iterum cum finitimis: ardetque &longs;ic pyra &longs;æpenumero dies triginta plu­<lb/>resue continuos. </s> <s>Lapis autem i&longs;te æro&longs;us fi&longs;&longs;ilis copio&longs;ius, ut aliàs dixi, exu <lb/>dat illud, cui natura e&longs;t &longs;imilis amianto.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>A<emph type="italics"/>ceruus lapidum æro&longs;orum<emph.end type="italics"/> A. P<emph type="italics"/>yra accen&longs;a<emph.end type="italics"/> B. <lb/>L<emph type="italics"/>apides inuehens in fa&longs;ces uirgultorum<emph.end type="italics"/> C.</s></p><figure></figure><pb pagenum="219"/><p type="main"> <s>At uenæ pilis præferratis iccirco tunduntur, ut metallum à lapidibus & <lb/>tecti &longs;axis di&longs;cerni po&longs;&longs;it. </s> <s>Machinæ, qua id ip&longs;um perficitur, &longs;pecies, quarto <lb/>machinarum, quibus metallici utuntur, generi &longs;ubiecta, hoc modo fabrica­<lb/>tur: truncus quernus longus pedes &longs;ex, latus & altus duos & palmum humi <lb/>locatur: in cuius medio cap&longs;a e&longs;t longa pedes duos & digitos &longs;ex, alta <expan abbr="ped&etilde;">pedem</expan> <lb/>& &longs;ex digitos: cius frons patet, quæ o&longs;tium appellari pote&longs;t: eiu&longs;dem <expan abbr="fundũ">fundum</expan> <lb/>tegitur &longs;olea ferrea, cra&longs;&longs;a palmum, lata palmos duos & totidem digitos: cu­<lb/>ius utrunque latus cuneatum in truncum adigitur. </s> <s>Prior uerò & po&longs;terior ei­<lb/>us pars eidem trunco affiguntur clauis ferreis: ad latera cap&longs;æ &longs;uper <expan abbr="truncũ">truncum</expan> <lb/>&longs;tatuuntur duo tigna, quorum &longs;uperiora capita aliquantum reci&longs;a in formis <lb/>trabium domicilij includuntur: à cap&longs;a pedibus duobus & dimidio duo ti­<lb/>gna tran&longs;uer&longs;a continenter coniunguntur: quorum capita intrin&longs;ecus <expan abbr="parũ">parum</expan> <lb/>reci&longs;a iacent in formis exterioribus i&longs;torum tignorum &longs;tatutorum: atque ibi <lb/>cum ip&longs;is terebrantur, perque foramen hoc <expan abbr="rotundũ">rotundum</expan> penetrat clauus ferreus: <lb/>cuius alterum caput duo habet cornua: alterum <expan abbr="perforatũ">perforatum</expan> e&longs;t, quod cuneo <lb/>traiecto &longs;ic coercetur, ut tigna arctius con&longs;tringat: quinetiam ex cornibus al <lb/>terum uer&longs;us uergit, alterum deor&longs;um: at &longs;uper ea tigna tran&longs;uer&longs;a ad <expan abbr="&longs;paciũ">&longs;pacium</expan> <lb/>pedum trium & dimidij iterum duo eiu&longs;modi tigna tran&longs;uer&longs;a &longs;imili modo <lb/><expan abbr="coniungũtur">coniunguntur</expan>. </s> <s>Tignis autem tran&longs;uer&longs;is &longs;unt foramina quadrangula, in quæ <lb/>pila præferrata immittuntur: ea longe inter &longs;e non di&longs;tant, & arctius in illis <lb/>continentur. </s> <s>Habet uerò quodque pilum retro dentem, quem inferius &longs;euo li <lb/>nire oportet, ut eò facilius attolli po&longs;&longs;it: eum autem axis angulati bini den­<lb/>tes longi & &longs;uperiore parte in rotundo lati uici&longs;&longs;im attollunt, ut pilum deci <lb/>dens in cap&longs;am capite ferreo &longs;axa in eam coniecta contundat & comminu­<lb/>at. </s> <s>Sed axis rotam habet pinnatam, quam aquæ impetus impellit: uerùm ca <lb/>p&longs;æ o&longs;tio pro foribus a&longs;&longs;er e&longs;t: qui in antis trunci excauatis & leuari pote&longs;t, <lb/>ut o&longs;tio re&longs;erato operarius arenam, in quam &longs;axa contrita &longs;unt, itemque &longs;abu­<lb/>lum & glareas batillo eximat: & demitti, ut o&longs;tio clau&longs;o alia &longs;axa iniecta rur <lb/>&longs;us pilis præferratis tundantur: &longs;ed, &longs;i truncus quernus in promptu non fue <lb/>rit, duo tigna humi locantur, & inter &longs;e fibulis ferreis coniungantur: <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> <lb/>utrunque longum &longs;it pedes &longs;ex, latum pedem, altum &longs;e&longs;quipedem: quæ altitu <lb/>do cap&longs;æ e&longs;&longs;e debet: ea fit priore tigno latitudine dodrantis, & longitudine <lb/>duorum pedum & trientis ac &longs;emunciæ pror&longs;us exci&longs;o: in cuius &longs;olo effo&longs;&longs;o <lb/>locetur &longs;axum duri&longs;&longs;imum, cra&longs;&longs;um pedem, latum <expan abbr="dodrãtem">dodrantem</expan>: ad id, &longs;i quod <lb/>cauum remanet, ip&longs;um terra uel arenula <expan abbr="cõpleatur">compleatur</expan>, eaque tundatur: <expan abbr="&longs;olũ">&longs;olum</expan> quod <lb/>e&longs;t ante cap&longs;am a&longs;&longs;eribus tegatur: &longs;axum perfractum auferatur, & in eius lo <lb/>cum al ud reponatur: licet etiam cap&longs;am minorem & <expan abbr="triũ">trium</expan> tantummodo pi­<lb/>lorum facere capacem.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>C<emph type="italics"/>ap&longs;a<emph.end type="italics"/> A. T<emph type="italics"/>igna &longs;tatuta<emph.end type="italics"/> B. T<emph type="italics"/>igna tran&longs;uer&longs;a<emph.end type="italics"/> C. <lb/>P<emph type="italics"/>ila<emph.end type="italics"/> D. E<emph type="italics"/>orum capita<emph.end type="italics"/> E. A<emph type="italics"/>xis<emph.end type="italics"/> F. <lb/>D<emph type="italics"/>ens pili<emph.end type="italics"/> G. D<emph type="italics"/>entes axis<emph.end type="italics"/> H.</s></p><pb pagenum="220"/><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Pila autem efficiuntur ex tigillis nouem pedes longis, quadrangulis, un­<lb/>diquaque latis &longs;emipedem: cuiusque caput ferreum ita &longs;e habet. </s> <s>Inferior eius <lb/>pars <expan abbr="lõga">longa</expan> e&longs;t tres palmos, &longs;uperior <expan abbr="totid&etilde;">totidem</expan>: inferioris partis media pars lata et <lb/>cra&longs;&longs;a e&longs;t <expan abbr="palmũ">palmum</expan>, longa duos palmos: infima extuberat ut fiat lata quinque di­<lb/>gitos, cra&longs;&longs;a <expan abbr="totid&etilde;">totidem</expan>, longa duos: &longs;uprema <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ip&longs;a extuberat: fitque lata et cra&longs;­<lb/>&longs;a <expan abbr="&longs;e&longs;quipalmũ">&longs;e&longs;quipalmum</expan>, longa duos digitos: &longs;uperius ubi includitur in pilo perfora­<lb/>ta: &longs;imili modo <expan abbr="pilũ">pilum</expan> ip&longs;um <expan abbr="terebratũ">terebratum</expan> e&longs;t: atque per utriu&longs;que foramen penetrat <lb/>cuncus ferreus latus: qui <expan abbr="cõtinet">continet</expan> caput ne de pilo decidat. </s> <s>Vt uerò <expan abbr="pilũ">pilum</expan> <expan abbr="cõti-nenter">conti­<lb/>nenter</expan> <expan abbr="uenarũ">uenarum</expan> <expan abbr="fragm&etilde;ta">fragmenta</expan> uel &longs;axa <expan abbr="tũdens">tundens</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="frãgatur">frangatur</expan> inter ip&longs;um & <expan abbr="&longs;upremã">&longs;upremam</expan> <lb/>partis inferioris <expan abbr="part&etilde;">partem</expan> ponitur lamina ex ferro quadrangula, cra&longs;&longs;a <expan abbr="digitũ">digitum</expan>, la <lb/>ta digitos <expan abbr="&longs;ept&etilde;">&longs;eptem</expan>, alta &longs;ex. </s> <s>Qui uerò tria pila <expan abbr="faciũt">faciunt</expan>, ut plerique faciunt, ea multo <lb/>maiora faciunt: etenim cum quadrangula exi&longs;tant, undique lata &longs;unt tres pal­<lb/>mos: cuiu&longs;que autem caput ferreum ita &longs;e habet: totum longum e&longs;t pedes du­<lb/>os & palmum: inferius &longs;exangulum: ubi latum & cra&longs;&longs;um exi&longs;tit digitos &longs;e­<lb/>ptem. </s> <s>Inferior eius pars, quæ ex pilo extat, longa e&longs;t <expan abbr="ped&etilde;">pedem</expan> & palmos duos: <lb/>&longs;uperior, quæ in eo includitur, palmos tres: inferiore eius parte lata & cra&longs;&longs;a <lb/><expan abbr="palmũ">palmum</expan>. </s> <s>Deinde paulatim fit angu&longs;tior & tenuior, ut &longs;uperiore parte mane­<lb/>at lata digitos tres & dimidium, cra&longs;&longs;a duos: ubi anguli quodam modo reci <lb/>&longs;i &longs;unt: eaque parte perforatum e&longs;t. </s> <s>Foramen uerò longum digitos tres, <expan abbr="latũ">latum</expan> <pb pagenum="221"/>unum, di&longs;tat à &longs;uprema parte acuta digito. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quidã">Quidam</expan> <expan abbr="&longs;uperior&etilde;">&longs;uperiorem</expan> capitis partem, <lb/>quæ in pilo inferius exci&longs;o inciuditur uncinatam & &longs;triatam faciunt, ut un­<lb/>cis in pilum infixis & cuneis in &longs;trias adactis in ip&longs;o pror&longs;us immobilis ma­<lb/>neat: præ&longs;ertim cum duabus præterea quadrangulis laminis ferreis cingan­<lb/>tur. </s> <s>Axem uerò alij ad circinum di&longs;tribuunt in &longs;ex partes, alij in nouem: &longs;ed <lb/>&longs;atius e&longs;t eum in duodecim partiri, ut uici&longs;&longs;im una pars plana dentem in &longs;e <lb/>contineat, altera eo careat.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>P<emph type="italics"/>ilum alterum<emph.end type="italics"/> A. P<emph type="italics"/>ilum inferius exci&longs;um<emph.end type="italics"/> B. C<emph type="italics"/>aput pili<emph.end type="italics"/> C. A<emph type="italics"/>lterum caput uncina­<lb/>tum & &longs;triatum<emph.end type="italics"/> D. L<emph type="italics"/>amina ferrea quadrangula<emph.end type="italics"/> E. C<emph type="italics"/>uneus<emph.end type="italics"/> F. D<emph type="italics"/>ens <lb/>pili<emph.end type="italics"/> G. A<emph type="italics"/>xis angulatus<emph.end type="italics"/> H. D<emph type="italics"/>ens axis<emph.end type="italics"/> I. C<emph type="italics"/>ircinus<emph.end type="italics"/> K.</s></p><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Rota uerò ne hyeme uel altæ niues uel glacies, uel <expan abbr="t&etilde;pe&longs;tates">tempe&longs;tates</expan> eius cur&longs;um, <lb/>& conuer&longs;ionem impediant, in quadrangula contignatione pror&longs;us inclu­<lb/>ditur. </s> <s>Tigna <expan abbr="aũt">aunt</expan>, qua inter &longs;e coagmentantur, undique obturantur mu&longs;co: <expan abbr="u-nũ">u­<lb/>num</expan> tamen <expan abbr="cõtignatio">contignatio</expan> foramen habet: per quod canalis deferens <expan abbr="aquã">aquam</expan> pene­<lb/>trat: quæ in rotæ pinnas <expan abbr="decid&etilde;s">decidens</expan> eam uer&longs;at: rur&longs;usque in inferiore canale &longs;ub <lb/>contignatione effluit. </s> <s>Rotæ autem radij non raro in medio axe longo inclu <lb/>duntur: cuius dentes utrinque pila attollunt, quæ uel utraque uenas &longs;iccas aut <lb/>udas tundunt, uel altera &longs;iccas, udas altera, pro ut res hoc aut illud po&longs;tulat: <pb pagenum="222"/>quin etiam alteris leuatis & clauis ferreis in eorum & primi tigni tran&longs;uer&longs;i <lb/>foramina infixis, altera tantummodo uenas tundunt.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>C<emph type="italics"/>ontignatio<emph.end type="italics"/> A. <emph type="italics"/>hæc cum &longs;uperiore etiam parte non &longs;it aperta, hic patet, <lb/>ut rota uideri po&longs;sit.<emph.end type="italics"/></s><s> R<emph type="italics"/>ota<emph.end type="italics"/> B. A<emph type="italics"/>xis<emph.end type="italics"/> C. P<emph type="italics"/>ila<emph.end type="italics"/> D.</s></p><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>At glareas &longs;axorum uel lapidum & &longs;abulum atque arenas è cap&longs;a huius ma <lb/>chinæ exemptas & cumulatas, aut è tumulo, qui e&longs;t prope fodinam ra&longs;tro <lb/>erutas operarius inijciat in cap&longs;am &longs;uperius & è fronte <expan abbr="pat&etilde;tem">patentem</expan>, longam pe <lb/>des tres, latam ferè <expan abbr="&longs;e&longs;quiped&etilde;">&longs;e&longs;quipedem</expan>: cuius latera decliuia &longs;unt & formata ex a&longs;&longs;eri <lb/>bus: &longs;ed fundum filis ferreis in&longs;tar retis contextum &longs;it, & ad duo bacilla fer­<lb/>rea, quæ ad utriu&longs;que lateris a&longs;&longs;erem affixa &longs;unt, item filis ferreis <expan abbr="alligatũ">alligatum</expan>. </s> <s>Hoc <lb/>eius fundum foramina habet, per quæ glareæ nucis auellanæ magnitudine <lb/>penetrare non po&longs;&longs;unt: quæ &longs;unt maiores quàm ut penetrent, eas operarius <lb/>reportat, rur&longs;usque pilis &longs;ubijcit: eas uerò quæ penetrarunt, & &longs;abulum atque<lb/>arenas in uas magnum colligit & ad loturam re&longs;eruat: cùm autem laboran­<lb/>di munus exequitur cap&longs;am duobus funiculis de trabe &longs;u&longs;pendit. </s> <s>Hæc ca­<lb/>p&longs;a cribrum quadrangulum rectè nominari pote&longs;t, ut etiam id genus aliæ <lb/>quæ &longs;equuntur.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>C<emph type="italics"/>ap&longs;a recte in &longs;olo locata<emph.end type="italics"/> A. E<emph type="italics"/>ius fundum quod ex filis ferreis <lb/>con&longs;tat<emph.end type="italics"/> B. C<emph type="italics"/>ap&longs;a inuer&longs;a<emph.end type="italics"/> C. B<emph type="italics"/>acilla ferrea<emph.end type="italics"/> D. C<emph type="italics"/>ap&longs;a de<emph.end type="italics"/><pb pagenum="223"/><emph type="italics"/>trabe &longs;u&longs;pen&longs;a, cuius fundi pars &longs;upina con&longs;picitur<emph.end type="italics"/> E. C<emph type="italics"/>ap&longs;a <lb/>de trabe &longs;u&longs;pen&longs;a, cuius fundi pars prona con&longs;picitur.<emph.end type="italics"/> F.</s></p><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Alij utuntur cribro, euius uas ligneum duobus ferreis circulis cingitur: <lb/>fundum, non aliter ac cap&longs;æ, ferreis filis in&longs;tar retis contexitur: id imponunt <lb/>duobus a&longs;&longs;erculis &longs;ic affixis ad &longs;tipitem, in terra <expan abbr="defixũ">defixum</expan>, ut alter alteri tran&longs;­<lb/>uer&longs;us &longs;uperpo&longs;itus &longs;it. </s> <s>Quanquam quidam &longs;tipitem terræ <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> infigunt, &longs;ed <lb/>eum &longs;uper &longs;olum <expan abbr="&longs;tatu&etilde;tes">&longs;tatuentes</expan> u&longs;que dum eius, quod cribrum tran&longs;mi&longs;it, aceruus <lb/>fiat: cui illam infigunt: in hoc cribrum operarius glareas, lapillos, &longs;abulum, <lb/>arenas tumulo erutas, batillo ferreo inijcit: & eius an&longs;as manibus tenens, i­<lb/>p&longs;um agitando &longs;uccutit: ut eo motu per fundum arena, &longs;abulum, lapilli, mi­<lb/>nutæ glareæ decidant. </s> <s>Alij non u&longs;urpant cribrum, &longs;ed cap&longs;am patentem: <lb/>cuius fundum item filis ferreis <expan abbr="contextũ">contextum</expan> e&longs;t: eam in tigillo tran&longs;uer&longs;o, in du­<lb/>obus tignis &longs;tatutis inclu&longs;o, locatam ducunt & reducunt.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>C<emph type="italics"/>ribrum<emph.end type="italics"/> A. A<emph type="italics"/>&longs;&longs;erculi<emph.end type="italics"/> B. S<emph type="italics"/>tipes<emph.end type="italics"/> C. C<emph type="italics"/>ribri <lb/>fundum<emph.end type="italics"/> D. C<emph type="italics"/>ap&longs;a patens<emph.end type="italics"/> E. T<emph type="italics"/>igillum <lb/>tran&longs;uer&longs;um<emph.end type="italics"/> F. T<emph type="italics"/>igna &longs;tatuta<emph.end type="italics"/> G.</s></p><pb pagenum="224"/><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Alij utuntur cribro, cui uas æneum e&longs;t, utrinque habens an&longs;am <expan abbr="æneã">æneam</expan> qua­<lb/>drangulam: per quas an&longs;as pertica penetrat: cuius alterum caput, quod ex al <lb/>tera an&longs;a eminet ad dodrantem, cùm operarius in <expan abbr="funiculũ">funiculum</expan> de trabe &longs;u&longs;pen­<lb/>&longs;um impo&longs;uerit, perticam &longs;æpius, & quidem uici&longs;&longs;im, à &longs;e ab&longs;trahit, & ad &longs;e <lb/>retrahit: quo motu per cribri fundum res minutæ <expan abbr="decidũt">decidunt</expan>: &longs;ed ut perticæ ca <lb/>put in funem facile imponi po&longs;&longs;it, ip&longs;e inferius bacillo longo duos palmos <lb/>diducitur: etenim duplicatus de&longs;cendit: quod utrunque eius caput ad trabem <lb/>&longs;it religatum. </s> <s>Attamen pars funiculi po&longs;t bacillum dependet longa &longs;emipe­<lb/>dem. </s> <s>Quinetiam magna cap&longs;a in hac re e&longs;t u&longs;itata: cuius fundum uel ex a&longs;&longs;e­<lb/>re foraminum pleno conficitur, uel filis ferreis, ut cæterarum cap&longs;arum con <lb/>texitur: ex medijs a&longs;&longs;eribus, qui ad eius latera &longs;unt, &longs;emicirculus ferreus ex­<lb/>tat: ad quem funiculus, ex tigno uel trabe &longs;u&longs;pen&longs;us, alligatur, ut cap&longs;a trahi <lb/>& in omnes partes inclinari po&longs;&longs;it: ei utrinque duo &longs;unt manubria, ci&longs;ij manu <lb/>brijs non di&longs;&longs;imilia: quæ duo operarij prehendentes cap&longs;am, ultro citroque<lb/>tractam et retractam agitant: hac Germani, qui in Carpato monte habitant, <lb/>poti&longs;&longs;imum utuntur: i&longs;tis autem tribus cap&longs;is & duobus cribris minutæ res <lb/>à maiu&longs;culis iccirco di&longs;cernuntur, ut earum quæ tran&longs;mi&longs;&longs;æ &longs;imul lauandæ <lb/>&longs;unt, æquales fiant portiones: nam fundum tam cap&longs;arum quàm cribrorum <lb/>foramina habet, quæ glareas nucis auellanæ magnitudine non <expan abbr="tran&longs;mittũt">tran&longs;mittunt</expan>: <lb/>in fundo remanentes metallici &longs;iccas, &longs;i metallo <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> carent, &longs;ub pila &longs;ubij <expan abbr="ciũt">ciunt</expan>: <pb pagenum="225"/>&longs;ed glareæ maiu&longs;culæ à minutis non di&longs;cernuntur his modis, priu&longs;quam ui <lb/>nuel adole&longs;centes ab eis, & lapillis, & &longs;abulo, & arenis, & terris in tumulo è <lb/>fodina ege&longs;to &longs;itis &longs;axorum fragmenta ra&longs;tris quinque dentibus &longs;epararint.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>C<emph type="italics"/>ap&longs;a<emph.end type="italics"/> A. S<emph type="italics"/>emicirculus<emph.end type="italics"/> B. F<emph type="italics"/>uniculus<emph.end type="italics"/> C. T<emph type="italics"/>ignum<emph.end type="italics"/> D. <lb/>M<emph type="italics"/>anubria<emph.end type="italics"/> E. R<emph type="italics"/>a&longs;trum quinquedens<emph.end type="italics"/> F. C<emph type="italics"/>ribrum<emph.end type="italics"/> G. <lb/>E<emph type="italics"/>ius an&longs;æ<emph.end type="italics"/> H. P<emph type="italics"/>ertica<emph.end type="italics"/> I. F<emph type="italics"/>uniculus<emph.end type="italics"/> K. T<emph type="italics"/>rabs<emph.end type="italics"/> L.</s></p><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Neu&longs;olæ uerò, quod <expan abbr="metallũ">metallum</expan> e&longs;t in Carpato, tumulos è fodinis, dum æ­<lb/>ris uenæ, quæ &longs;unt in iugis & cacuminibus <expan abbr="montiũ">montium</expan> cauarentur, ege&longs;tos o­<lb/>perarius alter di&longs;cernit, alter terras, arenas, &longs;abulum, lapillos, glareas, atque eti <lb/>am uenas pauperiores, ne impen&longs;æ in non tritam & interdum ferè præcipi­<lb/>tem uiam, atque longam & difficilem uecturam faciendæ &longs;int, ci&longs;io aduehit: <lb/>& idip&longs;um inuertens eas in cap&longs;am longam patentem, & tabellis tran&longs;uer­<lb/>&longs;is di&longs;t, ntam, & ad rupem præcipitem affixam inijcit: quæ pedum fere cen <lb/>tum & quinquaginta altitudine delabuntur in cap&longs;am breuem, cuius fun­<lb/>dum ex ærea lamina cra&longs;&longs;a & foraminum plena con&longs;tat: ea cap&longs;a habet duo <lb/>manubria, quibus attrahitur & retruditur: &longs;uperius <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> duos arcus, ex bacil <lb/>lis colurnis factos, quib. </s> <s>uncus ferreus funis ex arboris ramo uel trabe, quæ <lb/>ex tigno &longs;tatuto eminet, &longs;u&longs;pen&longs;i inijcitur: hanc cap&longs;am di&longs;cretor aliquoties <lb/>attrahit, ’& ad arborem uel tignum ualide appellit: quo modo res minutæ <pb pagenum="226"/>per eius foramina penetrantes altera cap&longs;a longa decidunt in alteram bre­<lb/>uem, cuius <expan abbr="fundũ">fundum</expan> foramina habet angu&longs;tiora: quam <expan abbr="&longs;ecũdus">&longs;ecundus</expan> di&longs;cretor item <lb/>ad arborem uel tignum ualide appellit: iterumque minutiores tertia cap&longs;a ex­<lb/>ceptæ delabuntur in tertiam cap&longs;am breuem, cuius <expan abbr="fundũ">fundum</expan> angu&longs;ti&longs;&longs;ima ha­<lb/>bet foramina, quam cap&longs;am tertius di&longs;cretor, &longs;imiliter ad arborem uel <expan abbr="tignũ">tignum</expan> <lb/>ualide appellit, ac tertio res minutulæ per foramina <expan abbr="incidũt">incidunt</expan> in <expan abbr="abacũ">abacum</expan>. </s> <s>Dum <lb/>autem operarius ci&longs;io aduehit aliam tumuli partem <expan abbr="di&longs;cern&etilde;dam">di&longs;cernendam</expan>, qui&longs;que in­<lb/>terea di&longs;cretor unco ex arcubus extracto &longs;uam cap&longs;am aufert, camque inuer­<lb/>tens, glareas uel &longs;abulum, quod in eius fundo reman&longs;it, coaceruat. </s> <s>Minutu­<lb/>las uero res, in abacum delap&longs;as, primus lotor, nam <expan abbr="totid&etilde;">totidem</expan> &longs;unt, quot di&longs;cre­<lb/>tores, deuerrit, et cribro, cuius foramina &longs;unt angu&longs;tiora quàm tertiæ cap&longs;æ <lb/>breuis foramina, exceptas lauat in ua&longs;e, aquis ferè pleno. </s> <s>Quod cùm fuerit <lb/>co, quod cribrum tran&longs;mi&longs;it, <expan abbr="refertũ">refertum</expan>, turbinem extrahit, ut aqua effluat: mox <lb/>id, quod in ua&longs;e re&longs;edit, batillo conijcit in abacum <expan abbr="&longs;ecũdi">&longs;ecundi</expan> lotoris: qui ip&longs;um <lb/>lauat in cribro, cui angu&longs;tiora &longs;unt foramina: quod etiam tunc in uas decidit <lb/>idem eximit & in tertij lotoris abacum inijcit: qui id ip&longs;um lauat in cribro, <lb/>cui angu&longs;ti&longs;&longs;ima &longs;unt foramina. </s> <s>Æris autem ramenta, quæ in ultimo ua&longs;e re <lb/>&longs;ederunt, exempta excoquuntur: id uerò, quod qui&longs;que lotor radio ab&longs;tulit, <lb/>in area linteis exten&longs;is contecta lauatur. </s> <s>Quin etiam Aldebergi, quod plum <lb/>bi <expan abbr="cãdidi">candidi</expan> metallum e&longs;t, in montibus Bohemiæ finitimis, di&longs;cretores talibus <lb/>cap&longs;is breuibus ex trabe &longs;u&longs;pen&longs;is <expan abbr="utũtur">utuntur</expan>: quæ tamen paulò ampliores &longs;unt, <lb/>& priore parte patent: qua glareæ, quas non tran&longs;mi&longs;crunt, earum ad <expan abbr="tignũ">tignum</expan> <lb/>appul&longs;u &longs;tatim excuti po&longs;&longs;unt.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>O<emph type="italics"/>perarius ci&longs;io glareas aduehens<emph.end type="italics"/> A. P<emph type="italics"/>rima cap&longs;a longa<emph.end type="italics"/> B. <lb/>P<emph type="italics"/>rima cap&longs;a breuis<emph.end type="italics"/> C. E<emph type="italics"/>ius manubria<emph.end type="italics"/> D. E<emph type="italics"/>iu&longs;dem arcus<emph.end type="italics"/> E. <lb/>F<emph type="italics"/>unis<emph.end type="italics"/> F. T<emph type="italics"/>rabs<emph.end type="italics"/> G. T<emph type="italics"/>ignum<emph.end type="italics"/> H. S<emph type="italics"/>ecunda cap&longs;a longa<emph.end type="italics"/> I. <lb/>S<emph type="italics"/>ecunda cap&longs;a breuis<emph.end type="italics"/> K. T<emph type="italics"/>ertia cap&longs;a longa<emph.end type="italics"/> L. T<emph type="italics"/>ertia ca/ <lb/>p&longs;a breuis<emph.end type="italics"/> M. A<emph type="italics"/>bacus primus<emph.end type="italics"/> N. C<emph type="italics"/>ribrum primum<emph.end type="italics"/> O. V<emph type="italics"/>as <lb/>primum<emph.end type="italics"/> P. S<emph type="italics"/>ecundus abacus<emph.end type="italics"/> <expan abbr="q.">que</expan> S<emph type="italics"/>ecundum cribrum<emph.end type="italics"/> R. <lb/>S<emph type="italics"/>ecundum uas<emph.end type="italics"/> S. T<emph type="italics"/>ertius abacus<emph.end type="italics"/> T. T<emph type="italics"/>ertium cribrum<emph.end type="italics"/> V. <lb/>T<emph type="italics"/>ertium uas<emph.end type="italics"/> X. T<emph type="italics"/>urbo<emph.end type="italics"/> Y.</s></p><pb pagenum="227"/><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>At &longs;i uena metalli diues fuerit, terræ, arenæ, &longs;abulum, glareæ <expan abbr="&longs;axorũ">&longs;axorum</expan>, ex te <lb/>cto <expan abbr="exci&longs;orũ">exci&longs;orum</expan>, rutro uel ra&longs;tro è tumulo erutæ, & batillo in <expan abbr="cribrũ">cribrum</expan> <expan abbr="amplũ">amplum</expan> uel <pb pagenum="228"/>in corbem conictæ lauantur in ua&longs;e aquarum ferè pleno. </s> <s>Cribrum <expan abbr="plerũquelatum">plerunque<lb/>latum</expan> e&longs;t cubitum, altum &longs;emipedem: eius fundum tantula habet foramina <lb/>ut per ea glareæ eruo non maiores decidant. </s> <s>Filis uerò ferreis rectis et tran&longs;­<lb/>uer&longs;is, quæ ubi &longs;e contingunt clauiculæ ferreæ complectuntur, contextum <lb/>circulo ferreo, duobusque bacillis tran&longs;uer&longs;is item ferreis innititur: reliquam <lb/>cribri partem, è tabulis in ua&longs;is figuram formatam, duo circuli ferrei <expan abbr="cingũt">cingunt</expan>: <lb/>ueruntamen nonnulli id ip&longs;um colurnis aut quernis circulis uinciunt: &longs;ed <lb/>tunc tribus. </s> <s>Habet autem utrinque an&longs;am: quas materiam metallicam lauatu­<lb/>rus manibus tenet: in hoc cribrum adole&longs;cens res lauandas conijcit: mulier <lb/>ip&longs;um uici&longs;&longs;im ad dextram & &longs;ini&longs;tram uer&longs;ans &longs;uccutit: quo modo terras, <lb/>arenas, glareas minores tran&longs;mittit: maiores in eo remanent: quæ eiectæ & <lb/>coaceruatæ &longs;ubijciuntur pilis. </s> <s>Limus uerò cum arenis, &longs;abulo, glareis aqua <lb/>exantlata ex ua&longs;e batillo ferreo eijcitur: & in canali, de quo paulò po&longs;t di­<lb/>cam, lauatur.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>C<emph type="italics"/>ribrum<emph.end type="italics"/> A. E<emph type="italics"/>ius an&longs;æ<emph.end type="italics"/> B. V<emph type="italics"/>as<emph.end type="italics"/> C. F<emph type="italics"/>undum cribri filis ferreis contextum<emph.end type="italics"/> D. <lb/>C<emph type="italics"/>irculus<emph.end type="italics"/> E. B<emph type="italics"/>acilla<emph.end type="italics"/> F. C<emph type="italics"/>irculi<emph.end type="italics"/> G. M<emph type="italics"/>ulier uer&longs;at cribrum<emph.end type="italics"/> H. <lb/>A<emph type="italics"/>dole&longs;cens ei &longs;uppeditat materiam lauandam<emph.end type="italics"/> I. V<emph type="italics"/>ir batillo <lb/>materiam, quam cribrum tran&longs;mi&longs;it, ex ua&longs;e eijcit.<emph.end type="italics"/> K.</s></p><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Sed Bohemi utuntur corbe uiminibus contexta, &longs;e&longs;quipedem lata, &longs;emi­<pb pagenum="229"/>pedem alta: cui duæ &longs;unt an&longs;æ, quibus prehen&longs;am agitant & <expan abbr="&longs;uccutiũt">&longs;uccutiunt</expan> in ua <lb/>&longs;e uel parua lacuna aquis fere plena: quod ex ea in uas uel <expan abbr="lacunã">lacunam</expan> decidit, <gap/>­<lb/>emptum lauant in lance: quæ po&longs;teriore parte altior e&longs;t, priore humilior & <lb/>plana: ex qua, cum an&longs;is, quas item duas habet, prehen&longs;am agitant in aqua, <lb/>id, quod leue e&longs;t, effluit: quod graue & metallicum, in eius fundo re&longs;idet.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>C<emph type="italics"/>orbis<emph.end type="italics"/> A. E<emph type="italics"/>ius an&longs;æ<emph.end type="italics"/> B. L<emph type="italics"/>aux<emph.end type="italics"/> C. E<emph type="italics"/>ius po&longs;ierior <lb/>pars<emph.end type="italics"/> D. E<emph type="italics"/>iu&longs;dem pars prior<emph.end type="italics"/> E. E<emph type="italics"/>iu&longs;dem an&longs;æ<emph.end type="italics"/> F.</s></p><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>At auri uena malleis contu&longs;a uel pilis <expan abbr="cõminuta">comminuta</expan>, atque etiam plumbi candi <lb/>di molitur in farinam. </s> <s>Prima mola, quam aquarum impetus circumagit, &longs;ic <lb/>&longs;e habet: axis ad circinum rotundatur, aut angulatus efficitur: cuius codaces <lb/>ferrei uer&longs;antur in dimidiatis catillis ferreis, qui in tignis inclu&longs;i &longs;unt: is uerò <lb/>axis impellitur rota, cuius pinnas, ad frontem affixas, percutit fluminis im­<lb/>petus. </s> <s>In eodem axe inclu&longs;um e&longs;t tympanum dentatum: cuius dentes in late <lb/>re fixi &longs;unt: hi impellunt alterum tympanum, quod ex fu&longs;is materiæ duri&longs;si­<lb/>mæ con&longs;tat. </s> <s>Hoc autem tympanum e&longs;t circum axem ferreum, habentem in <lb/>imo codacem, qui in tigni cuiu&longs;dam catillo ferreo uer&longs;atur: in &longs;ummo &longs;ub­<lb/>&longs;eudem ferream quæ molam continet, itaque cùm alterius tympani dentes al <lb/>terius fu&longs;os <expan abbr="impellũt">impellunt</expan>, molæ fit circinatio: cui machina <expan abbr="impend&etilde;s">impendens</expan> per mfun­<pb pagenum="230"/>dibulum &longs;uppeditat uenam: quæ in <expan abbr="farinã">farinam</expan> molita ex lignea bractea rotunda <lb/>ta effunditur in canalem, & ex eo in officinæ &longs;olum delap&longs;a accumulatur: in <lb/>de auecta re&longs;eruatur ad loturam: quoniam uerò hæc <expan abbr="mol&etilde;di">molendi</expan> ratio po&longs;tulat, <lb/>ut mola modò attollatur, modò demittatur, duæ trabes, quæ trudibus at­<lb/>tolli & demitti po&longs;&longs;unt, tignum, in cuius catillo ferreo axis ferrei codax uer­<lb/>&longs;atur, &longs;u&longs;tinent.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>A<emph type="italics"/>xis<emph.end type="italics"/> A. R<emph type="italics"/>ota<emph.end type="italics"/> B. T<emph type="italics"/>ympanum dentatum<emph.end type="italics"/> C. T<emph type="italics"/>ympanum quod ex fu&longs;is <lb/>con&longs;tat<emph.end type="italics"/> D. A<emph type="italics"/>xis ferreus<emph.end type="italics"/> E. M<emph type="italics"/>ola<emph.end type="italics"/> F. I<emph type="italics"/>nfundibulum<emph.end type="italics"/> G. <lb/>L<emph type="italics"/>ignea bractea rotundata<emph.end type="italics"/> H. C<emph type="italics"/>analis<emph.end type="italics"/> I.</s></p><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Molæ præterea tres &longs;unt in auri uenis, in primis uerò lapidibus <expan abbr="lique&longs;c&etilde;-tibus">lique&longs;cen­<lb/>tibus</expan> eius metalli non expertibus molendis u&longs;itatæ: quas omnes non aqua­<lb/>rum impetus, &longs;ed hominum uires, et&longs;i duas etiam iumentorum, <expan abbr="circũagunt">circunagunt</expan>. </s> <s><lb/>Prima uer&longs;atilis à proxime de&longs;cripta tantummodo differt rota: quæ clau&longs;a <lb/>uer&longs;atur ab hominibus ip&longs;am calcantibus, aut ab introductis equis, uel a&longs;i­<lb/>nis, uel etiamr bu&longs;tis capris: quorum iumentorum oculi linteis illigantur. </s> <s><lb/>Secunda tam tru&longs;atilis quàm uer&longs;atilis à &longs;uperioribus duabus differt altero <lb/>axe &longs;tatuto, qui ei pro &longs;trato e&longs;t. </s> <s>Axis ille ad inferius caput habet uel <expan abbr="orb&etilde;">orbem</expan>, <lb/>quem operarij duo tabellas eius pedibus retro trudentes <expan abbr="circũagunt">circunagunt</expan>, quan <pb pagenum="231"/>quam non raro unus eum laborem &longs;u&longs;tinet: uel ex eo extat temo, <expan abbr="qu&etilde;">quem</expan> equus <lb/>aut a&longs;inus, unde a&longs;inaria dicta, circumagit. </s> <s>Axis autem circumacti <expan abbr="tympanũ">tympanum</expan> <lb/>dentatum, quod e&longs;t ad &longs;uperius eius caput, uer&longs;at id, quod ex fu&longs;is con&longs;tat, <lb/>& unà cum eo molam. </s> <s>Tertia uer&longs;atilis e&longs;t: nam non tru&longs;a manibus, &longs;ed cir­<lb/>cumacta uer&longs;atur: inter quam & cæteras magnum e&longs;t di&longs;crimen: etenim in­<lb/>ferior lapis molaris &longs;uperius formam habet, ut molam, quæ uer&longs;atur circum <lb/>ferreum axiculum continere po&longs;&longs;it. </s> <s>Is in media molaris forma inclu&longs;us per <lb/>molam penetrat. </s> <s>Operarius autem ferreum uectem &longs;tatutum, qui e&longs;t ad &longs;u­<lb/>periorem lapidem molarem, qui proprie mola dicitur, manu <expan abbr="prehend&etilde;s">prehendens</expan> cir <lb/>cumagit: mola media e&longs;t perforata: in quod foramen uena coniecta delabi­<lb/>tur in inferiorem lapidem molarem, ibique molitur in farinam: quæ &longs;en&longs;im ex <lb/>eius foramine decidit: & uarijs modis, quos po&longs;tea exponam, lauatur, pri­<lb/>u&longs;quam cum argento uiuo permi&longs;ceatur.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>P<emph type="italics"/>rima mola<emph.end type="italics"/> A. R<emph type="italics"/>ota a capris uer&longs;ata<emph.end type="italics"/> B. S<emph type="italics"/>ecunda mola<emph.end type="italics"/> C. <lb/>O<emph type="italics"/>rbis axis &longs;tatuti<emph.end type="italics"/> D. E<emph type="italics"/>ius tympanum dentatum<emph.end type="italics"/> E. T<emph type="italics"/>ertia <lb/>mola<emph.end type="italics"/> F. I<emph type="italics"/>nferioris lapidis molaris forma<emph.end type="italics"/> G. E<emph type="italics"/>iusdem <lb/>axiculus &longs;tatutus<emph.end type="italics"/> H. E<emph type="italics"/>iu&longs;dem foramen<emph.end type="italics"/> I. S<emph type="italics"/>uperioris lapidis <lb/>molaris uectis<emph.end type="italics"/> K. E<emph type="italics"/>iu&longs;dem foramen<emph.end type="italics"/> L.</s></p><pb pagenum="232"/><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Attamen quidam fabricantur machinam, quæ una auri uenam uno eo­<lb/>demque tempore <expan abbr="tũdat">tundat</expan>, molat, lauando purget, cum <expan abbr="arg&etilde;to">argento</expan> uiuo permi&longs;ceat <pb pagenum="233"/>aurum. </s> <s>Machinæ unica e&longs;t rota, quam riui impetus eius pinnas percutiens <lb/>uer&longs;at: axi ab altero rotæ latere exi&longs;tunt longi dentes: qui pila attollunt, ue­<lb/>namque &longs;iccam contundunt: mox in rotundum molæ receptaculum iniecta, <lb/>& &longs;en&longs;im per eius foramen illap&longs;a molitur in farinam. </s> <s>Inferior lapis molaris <lb/>e&longs;t quadrangulus, &longs;ed formam habet rotundam, in qua mola rotunda uer&longs;a <lb/>tur: atque foramen, ex quo farina in primum uas delabitur. </s> <s>Verùm axiculi fer <lb/>rei &longs;ub&longs;cus in mola, codax in trabis catillo includitur: cuius axiculi tympa­<lb/>num, quod ex fu&longs;is con&longs;tat, à tympano axis dentato circumactum <expan abbr="molã">molam</expan> uer <lb/>&longs;at. </s> <s>Vt uerò farina continenter incidit in <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> uas, ita etiam aqua: quæ rur <lb/>&longs;us ex eo effluit in &longs;ecundum, quod humilius e&longs;t: & ex &longs;ecundo in tertium, <lb/>quod humilimum: ex tertio plerunque in lacu&longs;culum ex una arbore <expan abbr="cauatũ">cauatum</expan>: <lb/>in unoquoque autem ua&longs;e ine&longs;t argentum uiuum, unicuique a&longs;&longs;erculus e&longs;t im­<lb/>po&longs;itus & ad ip&longs;um affixus: per cuius medij foramen penetrat axiculus &longs;ta­<lb/>tutus: is ne altius quàm oportet, in uas de&longs;cendat, qua <expan abbr="a&longs;&longs;erculũ">a&longs;&longs;erculum</expan> attingit, ex­<lb/>tuberat: ad eius inferius caput duæ tabellæ inter &longs;e <expan abbr="trã&longs;uer&longs;æ">tran&longs;uer&longs;æ</expan> <expan abbr="affigũtur">affiguntur</expan>, quas <lb/>tertia decu&longs;&longs;at: &longs;uperiori codax e&longs;t in trabis catillo inclu&longs;us: at <expan abbr="circũ">circum</expan> quenque<lb/>axiculum e&longs;t paruum tympanum, quod ex fu&longs;is con&longs;tat: <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> quodque uer <lb/>&longs;atur à paruo tympano dentato, quod e&longs;t circum <expan abbr="axiculũ">axiculum</expan> &longs;tratum, cuius al­<lb/>terum caput in magno axe &longs;trato inclu&longs;um e&longs;t: <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> in tigni cuiu&longs;dam ca­<lb/>uo cra&longs;&longs;is laminis ferrato: itaque tabellæ, quarum ternæ in &longs;ingulis ua&longs;is in or <lb/>bem torquentur, farinana cum aqua permi&longs;tam <expan abbr="agitãtes">agitantes</expan> etiam minutula au­<lb/>ri ramenta ab ea &longs;eparant: quæ delap&longs;a argentum <expan abbr="uiuũ">uiuum</expan> in &longs;e trahit atque pur­<lb/>gat. </s> <s>Sordes uerò aqua rapit: argentum uiuum in alutam, uel linteum lini xy <lb/>lini contextu factum infunditur: quæ cùm, ut aliàs &longs;crip&longs;i, comprimitur, ar­<lb/>gentum uiuum per eam defluit in ollam &longs;ubiectam: aurum in ea remanet pu <lb/>rum. </s> <s>Alij in locum ua&longs;orum tres canales latos &longs;ub&longs;tituunt: quorum qui&longs;que<lb/>habet axiculum angulatum: in quo &longs;enæ tabellæ angu&longs;tæ inclu&longs;æ &longs;unt, & <lb/>ad eas totidem tabellæ latiores tran&longs;uer&longs;æ affixæ: quas aqua immi&longs;&longs;a percu <lb/>tiens circumagit: hæ farinam cum aqua permi&longs;tam agitantes metallum ab <lb/>ea &longs;ecernunt: ueruntamen &longs;i farina, in qua auri ramenta in&longs;unt, purgatur, pri­<lb/>or lauandi ratio hac longe præ&longs;tat, quod ea argentum uiuum, quod in ua&longs;is <lb/>continetur, &longs;tatim ad &longs;e alliciat: &longs;i farina, in qua lapilli nigri, ex quibus confla <lb/>tur plumbum candidum, in&longs;unt, minime e&longs;t a&longs;pernanda. </s> <s>Quanquam rami <lb/>abiegni conuoluti, & in canales, in quibus talis farina de mola per canalicu­<lb/>lum in eos delap&longs;a lauatur, impo&longs;iti utiliores &longs;unt: nam lapilli uel ab eis reti­<lb/>nentur, uel, &longs;i aqua ip&longs;os rapit, de eis decidunt & &longs;ub&longs;idunt.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>M<emph type="italics"/>achinæ rota<emph.end type="italics"/> A. A<emph type="italics"/>xis<emph.end type="italics"/> B. P<emph type="italics"/>ila<emph.end type="italics"/> C. M<emph type="italics"/>olæ receptaculum rotundum<emph.end type="italics"/> D. <lb/>E<emph type="italics"/>ius foramen per medium penetrans<emph.end type="italics"/> E. I<emph type="italics"/>nferior lapis molaris<emph.end type="italics"/> F. <lb/>E<emph type="italics"/>ius forma retunda<emph.end type="italics"/> G. E<emph type="italics"/>iu&longs;dem foramen<emph.end type="italics"/> H. A<emph type="italics"/>xiculus ferreus<emph.end type="italics"/> I. <lb/>E<emph type="italics"/>ius &longs;ub&longs;cus<emph.end type="italics"/> K. T<emph type="italics"/>rabs<emph.end type="italics"/> L. A<emph type="italics"/>xiculi ferrei tympanum quod ex fu&longs;is <lb/>con&longs;tat<emph.end type="italics"/> M. A<emph type="italics"/>xis tympanum dentatum<emph.end type="italics"/> N. V<emph type="italics"/>a&longs;a<emph.end type="italics"/> O. A<emph type="italics"/>&longs;&longs;erculi<emph.end type="italics"/> P. <lb/>A<emph type="italics"/>xiculi &longs;tatuti<emph.end type="italics"/> <expan abbr="q.">que</expan> E<emph type="italics"/>orundem pars extuberans<emph.end type="italics"/> R. E<emph type="italics"/>orundem tabellæ<emph.end type="italics"/> S. <lb/>E<emph type="italics"/>orundem tympana quæ ex fu&longs;is con&longs;tant<emph.end type="italics"/> T. A<emph type="italics"/>x<gap/>lus &longs;tratus in axe <lb/>inclu&longs;us<emph.end type="italics"/> V. E<emph type="italics"/>ius tympana dentata<emph.end type="italics"/> X. T<emph type="italics"/>res canales<emph.end type="italics"/> Y. E<emph type="italics"/>orum <lb/>axiculi<emph.end type="italics"/> Z. T<emph type="italics"/>abellæ rectæ<emph.end type="italics"/> AA. T<emph type="italics"/>abell<gap/><emph.end type="italics"/> <gap/>.</s></p><pb pagenum="234"/><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>At &longs;eptem lauandi rationes &longs;unt plurium metallorum uenis communes: <lb/>lauantur enim uel in canali &longs;implici, uel in canali tabellis di&longs;tincto, uel in ca­<pb pagenum="235"/>nali deuexo, uel in amplo lacu, uel in area curta, uel in area linteis exten&longs;is <expan abbr="cõ">com</expan> <lb/>tecta, uel in cribro angu&longs;to. </s> <s>Cæteræ uerò lauandi rationes aut alicuius me­<lb/>talli propriæ &longs;unt, aut cum ratione pilis tundendi uenas udas <expan abbr="cõiunctæ">coniunctæ</expan>. </s> <s>Ca <lb/>nalis autem &longs;implex &longs;ic &longs;e habet: primò caput altius e&longs;t quàm canalis, <expan abbr="longũ">longum</expan> <lb/>pedes tres, latum &longs;e&longs;quipedem: quod con&longs;tat ex a&longs;&longs;eribus &longs;uper tigna impo <lb/>&longs;itis & ad ea affixis: eius latus utrunque habet tigillum in a&longs;&longs;eres immi&longs;&longs;um: <lb/>quod aquam in id per fi&longs;tulam uel canaliculum influentem arcet, cogitque re <lb/>ctà defluere. </s> <s>Eius uerò medium aliquanto depre&longs;&longs;ius e&longs;t, ut in eo glareæ &longs;a­<lb/>xorum & maiu&longs;cula metallorum ramenta &longs;ub&longs;idere po&longs;&longs;int: ad altitudinem <lb/>dodrantis &longs;ub capite e&longs;t canalis depre&longs;&longs;us in <expan abbr="terrã">terram</expan>, longus pedes duodecim, <lb/>latus & altus &longs;e&longs;quipedem: cuius fundum & utrunque latus e&longs;t ex a&longs;&longs;eribus fa <lb/>ctum, ne terra &longs;orbeat metallorum ramenta, aut aquis madefacta incidat in <lb/>canalem, <expan abbr="eiu&longs;d&etilde;">eiu&longs;dem</expan> infima pars ob&longs;truitur tabella humiliore quàm canalis e&longs;t: <lb/>cum hoc canali recto <expan abbr="cõmittitur">committitur</expan> alter canalis tran&longs;uer&longs;us, longus pedes &longs;ex, <lb/>latus & altus &longs;e&longs;quipedem, atque &longs;imiliter a&longs;&longs;erum munitione &longs;eptus: infima <lb/>parte occluditur tabella, &longs;ed etiam humiliore, ut aqua defluere po&longs;&longs;it: quam <lb/>tertius canalis excipit, & extra domicilium deducit. </s> <s>In illo canale &longs;implici la <lb/>uatur materia metallica, quam quinque cribra ampla tran&longs;mi&longs;erunt in offici­<lb/>næ &longs;olum: ip&longs;am enim auectam & coaceruatam lotor inijcit in caput cana­<lb/>lis, & aqua in ip&longs;um per fi&longs;tulam & canaliculum immi&longs;&longs;a, cam, quæ in medi­<lb/>um caput defluxit & re&longs;edit, agitat rutro ligneo: &longs;ic po&longs;thac appellabimus <lb/>in&longs;trumentum <expan abbr="confectũ">confectum</expan> è pertica, in tabellam, longam pedem & latam pal­<lb/>mum, infixa: qua agitatione aqua fit turbida, rapitque limum & arenam, atque<lb/>minutula metallorum ramenta in &longs;ubiectum canalem: maiu&longs;cula uerò cum <lb/>glareis remanent in capite: quæ ablata adole&longs;centes in abacum ampli lacus <lb/>aut in aream curtam conijciunt, eaque à glareis di&longs;cernunt: po&longs;tquam canalis <lb/>limo & arenis refertus fuerit, lotor fi&longs;tulam, per quam aqua influit in caput, <lb/>occludit. </s> <s>Mox ea, quam continet canalis, effluit: quod quamprimum <expan abbr="factũ">factum</expan> <lb/>fuerit, limum & arenas, cum minutulis metallorum ramentis permi&longs;tas, ba­<lb/>tillo eijcit, & eas in area linteis exten&longs;is contecta lauat: quinetiam canali non <lb/>dum repleto per&longs;æpe adole&longs;centes eas in alueum iniect<gap/>s, in eandem aream <lb/>inferunt & lauant. </s> <s>In capite huius canalis etiam farina metallica lauatur, &longs;ed <lb/>maxime ea, in qua lapilli nigri in&longs;unt, quo modo in <expan abbr="canal&etilde;">canalem</expan> abiegnus ramus <lb/>conuolutus imponitur, &longs;icuti quoque, cùm uenæ udæ pilis tunduntur, in ma <lb/>gnos canales imponi &longs;olet. </s> <s>Lapilli autem maiu&longs;culi, qui in &longs;uprema canalis <lb/>parte re&longs;ident, &longs;eparatim lauantur in canali deuexo: &longs;eparatim in eodem me <lb/>diocres, qui in media &longs;ub&longs;idunt: &longs;eparatim limus, cum minutulis lapillis mi <lb/>&longs;tus, qui po&longs;t ramum in infima canalis parte &longs;ub&longs;idit in area linteis exten&longs;is <lb/>contecta.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>C<emph type="italics"/>aput canalis<emph.end type="italics"/> A. F<emph type="italics"/>i&longs;tula<emph.end type="italics"/> B. C<emph type="italics"/>analis<emph.end type="italics"/> C. T<emph type="italics"/>abella<emph.end type="italics"/> D. <lb/>C<emph type="italics"/>analis tran&longs;uer&longs;us<emph.end type="italics"/> E. B<emph type="italics"/>atillum<emph.end type="italics"/> F. R<emph type="italics"/>utrum<emph.end type="italics"/> G.</s></p><pb pagenum="236"/><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Ab hoc alter canalis differt pluribus tabulis, quibus in <expan abbr="eũ">eum</expan> impo&longs;itis qua­<lb/>&longs;i quibu&longs;dam gradibus di&longs;tinguitur. </s> <s>Imponuntur uerò &longs;i longus pedes du­<lb/>odecim fuerit, quatuor: &longs;i nouem, tres: quanto quæque capiti proximior, tan <lb/>to altior: quanto ab eo remotior, tanto humilior. </s> <s>Itaque cùm &longs;uprema fuerit al <lb/>ta <expan abbr="ped&etilde;">pedem</expan> & <expan abbr="palmũ">palmum</expan>, &longs;ecunda e&longs;&longs;e &longs;olet alta <expan abbr="ped&etilde;">pedem</expan> & digitos tres, tertia pedem & <lb/>digitos duos, infima <expan abbr="ped&etilde;">pedem</expan> & <expan abbr="digitũ">digitum</expan>. </s> <s>In hoc canali <expan abbr="poti&longs;&longs;imũ">poti&longs;&longs;imum</expan> lauatur materia <lb/>metallica, <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> <expan abbr="cribrũ">cribrum</expan> amplum tran&longs;mi&longs;it in uas quod aquam continet: quæ <lb/>materia u&longs;que ad eum <expan abbr="fin&etilde;">finem</expan> batillo ferreo <expan abbr="cõijcitur">conijcitur</expan> in canalis caput, & aqua in <lb/>ip&longs;um immi&longs;&longs;a rutro ligneo agitatur, <expan abbr="dũ">dum</expan> canalis plenus fuerit: tum tabellis à <lb/>lotore exemptis aqua colatur. </s> <s>Deinde materia metallica, quæ in eius rece­<lb/>ptaculis re&longs;edit, rur&longs;us lauatur uel in area curta, uel in area linteis exten&longs;is <expan abbr="cõ">com</expan> <lb/>tecta, uel in cribro angu&longs;to: &longs;ed quia curta cum hoc canale & &longs;uperiore ple­<lb/>runque coniungitur, fi&longs;tula aquam primo in canalem tran&longs;uer&longs;um infundit: <lb/>ex quo per unum canaliculum defluit in canalem, per alterum in aream.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>F<emph type="italics"/>i&longs;tula<emph.end type="italics"/> A. C<emph type="italics"/>analis tran&longs;uer&longs;us<emph.end type="italics"/> B. C<emph type="italics"/>analiculi<emph.end type="italics"/> C. C<emph type="italics"/>aput <lb/>canalis<emph.end type="italics"/> D. R<emph type="italics"/>utrum ligneum<emph.end type="italics"/> E. T<emph type="italics"/>abellæ<emph.end type="italics"/> F. A<emph type="italics"/>rea curta<emph.end type="italics"/> G.</s></p><pb pagenum="237"/><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Canalis uerò deuexus, quod ad a&longs;&longs;eres attinet, reliquis duobus di&longs;&longs;imilis <lb/><expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> e&longs;t: eius <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan>, ut <expan abbr="aliorũ">aliorum</expan>, caput primò terra <expan abbr="cõpletur">completur</expan>, p lisque tunditur: dein­<lb/>de a&longs;&longs;ere tegitur: <expan abbr="tũ">tum</expan> rur&longs;us, qua oportet, terra iniecta <expan abbr="iterũ">iterum</expan> tunditur ut nulla <lb/>rima remaneat, per <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> aqua <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> ramentis <expan abbr="metallorũ">metallorum</expan> mi&longs;ta in ip&longs;um penetra <lb/>re po&longs;&longs;it: recta enim defluere debet n <expan abbr="canal&etilde;">canalem</expan> <expan abbr="deuexũ">deuexum</expan>, <expan abbr="longũ">longum</expan> ad pedes octo, <lb/><expan abbr="latũ">latum</expan> ad <expan abbr="&longs;e&longs;quiped&etilde;">&longs;e&longs;quipedem</expan>: cum co <expan abbr="cõmittitur">committitur</expan> canalis tran&longs;uer&longs;us atque is ad <expan abbr="lacũ">lacum</expan>, qui <lb/>extra <expan abbr="domiciliũ">domicilium</expan> e&longs;t, pertinet. </s> <s>Adole&longs;cens <expan abbr="aũt">aunt</expan> batillo uel t ulla meta<gap/><expan abbr="lotũ">lotum</expan> ra­<lb/>menta impura, uel lapillos nigros impuros de aceruo &longs;umit, eosque in canalis <lb/>caput inijcit, uel <expan abbr="eid&etilde;">eidem</expan> illinit. </s> <s>Lotor uerò eadem in canali agitat rutro ligneo: <lb/>quo modo limus <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> aquis permi&longs;tus defluit in <expan abbr="canal&etilde;">canalem</expan> tran&longs;uer&longs;um, ramenta <lb/><expan abbr="metallorũ">metallorum</expan> uel lapilli nigri in canali deuexo re&longs;ident: &longs;ed quia <expan abbr="interdũ">interdum</expan> <expan abbr="ram&etilde;ta">ramenta</expan> <lb/>uel lapilli &longs;imul cum limo <expan abbr="defluũt">defluunt</expan> in <expan abbr="canal&etilde;">canalem</expan> tran&longs;uer&longs;um, <expan abbr="eũ">eum</expan> alter po&longs;t <expan abbr="&longs;paciũ">&longs;pacium</expan> <lb/>ferè &longs;ex <expan abbr="pedũ">pedum</expan> a&longs;&longs;ere claudit, & <expan abbr="limũ">limum</expan> &longs;æpe batillo agitat, ut <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> is <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> aquis mi­<lb/>&longs;tus effluat in <expan abbr="lacũ">lacum</expan>, remaneantque in canali ramenta tantummodo uel lapilli. </s> <s><lb/>Schlaccheualdi & Irbere&longs;dorfi lapilli nigri in i&longs;tiu&longs;modi canali lauantur &longs;e­<lb/>mel aut bis: Aldebergi ter quaterué: Gairi &longs;æpe &longs;epties: nam Schlaccheualdi <lb/>& Irbere&longs;dorfi uena, in qua &longs;unt lapilli nigri &longs;atis magni, &longs;ub pila &longs;ubijcitur: <lb/>Aldebergi, in qua multo minores: Gairi etiam <expan abbr="&longs;axorũ">&longs;axorum</expan> fragmenta, in quibus <lb/>uix exigui lapilli <expan abbr="interdũ">interdum</expan> con&longs;pici po&longs;&longs;unt: hanc lauandi rationem metallici, <lb/>qui tractant uenas <expan abbr="plũbi">plumbi</expan> <expan abbr="cãdidi">candidi</expan>, primò <expan abbr="excogitarũt">excogitarunt</expan>: quæ deinde ex plumba <lb/>rijs officinis in <expan abbr="arg&etilde;tarias">argentarias</expan> aliasque defluxit. </s> <s>Certior. </s> <s>n. </s> <s>hæc lauandi ratio e&longs;t que<lb/>cribris <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> angu&longs;tis. </s> <s>Prope <expan abbr="hũc">hunc</expan> <expan abbr="canal&etilde;">canalem</expan> area, linteis <expan abbr="ext&etilde;&longs;is">exten&longs;is</expan> <expan abbr="cõtecta">contecta</expan> e&longs;&longs;e &longs;olet.</s></p><pb pagenum="238"/><p type="caption"> <s>A<emph type="italics"/>rea<emph.end type="italics"/> A. C<emph type="italics"/>analis<emph.end type="italics"/> B. T<emph type="italics"/>rulla<emph.end type="italics"/> C. R<emph type="italics"/>utrum<emph.end type="italics"/> D. L<emph type="italics"/>intea<emph.end type="italics"/> E. R<emph type="italics"/>adius quo æquantur l<gap/>tea<emph.end type="italics"/> F.</s></p><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Nunc duo canales deuexi &longs;imili modo facti plerunque <expan abbr="coniũguntur">coniunguntur</expan>: caput <lb/>quidem à capite di&longs;tat pedes tres: Canalis uerò à canali quatuor: &longs;ed unus <lb/>canalis tran&longs;uer&longs;us &longs;ub utroque deuexo e&longs;t: unus <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="adole&longs;c&etilde;s">adole&longs;cens</expan> <expan abbr="metallorũ">metallorum</expan> ra­<lb/>menta uel lapillos nigros <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> limo mi&longs;tos ex cumulo inijcit batillo in <expan abbr="utrũquecaput">utrunque<lb/>caput</expan>. </s> <s>Duo <expan abbr="aũt">aunt</expan> &longs;unt lotores: <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> alter alterius canalis lateri dextro, alter <lb/>alterius &longs;ini&longs;tro in&longs;idens <expan abbr="laborãdi">laborandi</expan> munus exequitur: uterque utitur tali in&longs;tru <lb/><expan abbr="m&etilde;to">mento</expan>: in catillo alterius tigni, duo. </s> <s>n. </s> <s>&longs;unt utrique canali, et in trabis, quæ e&longs;t in <lb/>domicilio, dimidiata armilla ferrea uoluitur pertica teres, <expan abbr="lõga">longa</expan> pedes <expan abbr="nou&etilde;">nouem</expan>, <lb/>cra&longs;&longs;a <expan abbr="palmũ">palmum</expan>: in ea &longs;ur&longs;um uer&longs;us inclu&longs;um e&longs;t <expan abbr="lignũ">lignum</expan> teres <expan abbr="longũ">longum</expan> palmos tres <lb/>et <expan abbr="totid&etilde;">totidem</expan> digitos cra&longs;&longs;um: cui affixa e&longs;t tabella alta pedes duos, lata digitos 5. <lb/>in cuius foramine uer&longs;atur alterum caput axiculi, in quo inclu&longs;um e&longs;t rutelli <lb/><expan abbr="manubriũ">manubrium</expan>: <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> uerò <expan abbr="eiu&longs;d&etilde;">eiu&longs;dem</expan> axiculi eaput uoluitur in alterius tabellæ fora <lb/>mine, quæ <expan abbr="it&etilde;">item</expan> affixa e&longs;t ad <expan abbr="lignũ">lignum</expan> teres, quod æque ac prius <expan abbr="longũ">longum</expan> e&longs;t palmos <lb/>tres & <expan abbr="totid&etilde;">totidem</expan> digitos cra&longs;&longs;um: quo pro manubrio lotor utitur: <expan abbr="rutellũ">rutellum</expan> <expan abbr="aũt">aunt</expan> fa <lb/><expan abbr="ctũ">ctum</expan> e&longs;t ex pertica longa pedes tres: cui præfixa e&longs;t tabella longa <expan abbr="ped&etilde;">pedem</expan>, lata di <lb/>gitos &longs;ex, cra&longs;&longs;a <expan abbr="&longs;e&longs;quidigitũ">&longs;e&longs;quidigitum</expan>: lotor altera manu a&longs;&longs;idue mouet <expan abbr="manubriũ">manubrium</expan> hu <lb/>ius <expan abbr="in&longs;trum&etilde;ti">in&longs;trumenti</expan>, atque &longs;ic <expan abbr="rutellũ">rutellum</expan> in canalis capite agitat <expan abbr="metallorũ">metallorum</expan> <expan abbr="ram&etilde;ta">ramenta</expan> uel la <lb/>pillos nigros cum limo permi&longs;tos, qui <expan abbr="cõmoti">commoti</expan> <expan abbr="defluũt">defluunt</expan> in <expan abbr="canal&etilde;">canalem</expan>: altera tenet <lb/><expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> <expan abbr="rutellũ">rutellum</expan>, cui <expan abbr="manubriũ">manubrium</expan> dimidio breuius e&longs;t: eo <expan abbr="ram&etilde;ta">ramenta</expan> uel lapillos, qui <lb/>in <expan abbr="&longs;u&ptilde;ma">&longs;upmma</expan> canalis parte <expan abbr="re&longs;ederũt">re&longs;ederunt</expan>, <expan abbr="cõtin&etilde;ter">continenter</expan> agitat: quo modo limus <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> aquis <lb/>mi&longs;tus defluit in <expan abbr="canal&etilde;">canalem</expan> tran&longs;uer&longs;um: et ex eo in <expan abbr="lacũ">lacum</expan>, qui extra <expan abbr="domiciliũ">domicilium</expan> e&longs;t.</s></p><pb pagenum="239"/><p type="caption"> <s>S<emph type="italics"/>uperior canalis tran&longs;uer&longs;us<emph.end type="italics"/> A. C<emph type="italics"/>analiculi<emph.end type="italics"/> B. C<emph type="italics"/>apita canalium<emph.end type="italics"/> C. C<emph type="italics"/>anales<emph.end type="italics"/> D. <lb/>I<emph type="italics"/>nferior canalis tran&longs;uer&longs;us<emph.end type="italics"/> E. L<emph type="italics"/>acus<emph.end type="italics"/> F. C<emph type="italics"/>atillus qui e&longs;t in tigno<emph.end type="italics"/> G. D<emph type="italics"/>imidiata <lb/>armilla ferrea ad trabem affixa<emph.end type="italics"/> H. P<emph type="italics"/>ertica<emph.end type="italics"/> I. E<emph type="italics"/>ius rutellum<emph.end type="italics"/> K. A<emph type="italics"/>lterum rutellum<emph.end type="italics"/> L.</s></p><figure></figure><pb pagenum="240"/><p type="main"> <s>Quinetiam priu&longs;quam arca curta e&longs;&longs;et inuenta, & cribrum angu&longs;tum me <lb/>tallorum uenæ inprimis uerò plumbi candidi, &longs;iccæ pilis tu&longs;æ <expan abbr="lauabãtur">lauabantur</expan> in <lb/>amplo lacu, ex una uel duabus arborib. </s> <s>cauato: ad cuius caput erat abacus, <lb/>in quem uena comminuta conijciebatur: quam lotor rutro ligneo, cui lon­<lb/>gum erat manubrium, detrahebat in lacum, & aqua in eum immi&longs;&longs;a uenam <lb/>eodem rutro agitabat.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>L<emph type="italics"/>acus<emph.end type="italics"/> A. A<emph type="italics"/>bacus<emph.end type="italics"/> B. R<emph type="italics"/>utrum ligneum<emph.end type="italics"/> C.</s></p><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Area autem curta e&longs;t &longs;uperiore parte, qua per <expan abbr="canaliculũ">canaliculum</expan> in eam aqua de­<lb/>fluit, angu&longs;ta: nempe lata tantummodo pedes duos: inferiore latior, pedes <lb/>&longs;cilicet tres & totidem palmos: ad latera uerò longa pedes &longs;ex affixæ &longs;unt <lb/>tabellæ altæ palmos duos: cæteris &longs;implicis canalis capiti &longs;imilis e&longs;t, ni&longs;i &qring;d <lb/>in medio non e&longs;t depre&longs;&longs;a: &longs;ub hac e&longs;t canalis tran&longs;uer&longs;us tabella humiliore <lb/>clau&longs;us: in hac area non uenæ modo agitatæ rutro ligneo lauantur, &longs;ed ado­<lb/>le&longs;centes etiam metallorum ramenta, in eam coniecta, &longs;ecernunt à &longs;axorum <lb/>glareis, & in ua&longs;a colligunt: ea metallici nunc raro utuntur: <expan abbr="adole&longs;centiũ">adole&longs;centium</expan> <expan abbr="e&mtilde;">emm</expan> <lb/>negligentia &longs;æpius deprehen&longs;a in cau&longs;a e&longs;t cur in eius lo cum &longs;ucce&longs;&longs;erit cri­<lb/>brum angu&longs;tum: quin limus, qui in canali re&longs;edit, &longs;i uena diues fuerit, &longs;ubla­<lb/>tus in cribro angu&longs;to, uel in area linteis exten&longs;is contecta lauatur.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>A<emph type="italics"/>rea<emph.end type="italics"/> A. C<emph type="italics"/>analiculus<emph.end type="italics"/> B. T<emph type="italics"/>ran&longs;uer&longs;us<emph.end type="italics"/> C. R<emph type="italics"/>utrum ligneum<emph.end type="italics"/> D.</s></p><pb pagenum="241"/><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Verùm area linteis exten&longs;is <expan abbr="cõtexta">contexta</expan> &longs;ic &longs;e habet. </s> <s>Tigna duo, longa pedes <lb/>decem & octo, lata &longs;emipedem, cra&longs;&longs;a tres palmos decliuia <expan abbr="collocãtur">collocantur</expan>: quo­<lb/>rum pars prona dimidia e&longs;t exci&longs;a, ut <expan abbr="a&longs;&longs;erũ">a&longs;&longs;erum</expan> capita in ea poni po&longs;&longs;int: etcnim <lb/>a&longs;&longs;eribus longis pedes tres & tran&longs;uer&longs;is, continenterque po&longs;itis teguntur: di <lb/>midia e&longs;t integra & altior quàm a&longs;&longs;eres <expan abbr="palmũ">palmum</expan>, ut aqua delap&longs;a non effluat <lb/>ex lateribus, &longs;ed rectà defluat: <expan abbr="quinetiã">quinetiam</expan> areæ caput altius reliquo corpore de <lb/><expan abbr="uexũ">uexum</expan> e&longs;t, ut aqua delabi po&longs;&longs;it: ip&longs;a area tota &longs;ex linteis exten&longs;is & radio æ­<lb/>quatis <expan abbr="cõtegitur">contegitur</expan>: <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> tenet <expan abbr="in&longs;imũ">in&longs;imum</expan> <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan>, in quo <expan abbr="&longs;ecundũ">&longs;ecundum</expan> &longs;ic colloca <lb/>tur, ut ip&longs;um <expan abbr="paululũ">paululum</expan> tegat: in <expan abbr="&longs;ecũdo">&longs;ecundo</expan> &longs;imiliter <expan abbr="tertiũ">tertium</expan> locatur, et deinc<gap/>a <lb/>in alijs: &longs;i. </s> <s>n. </s> <s><expan abbr="cõtrario">contrario</expan> modo collocata fuerint, aqua <expan abbr="deflu&etilde;s">defluens</expan> <expan abbr="metallorũ">metallorum</expan> ramen <lb/>ta, uel lapillos nigros rapit &longs;ub ip&longs;a, & labor inutilis &longs;u&longs;cipitur: linteis ita <expan abbr="ex-t&etilde;&longs;is">ex­<lb/>ten&longs;is</expan> <expan abbr="adole&longs;c&etilde;tes">adole&longs;centes</expan> uel uiri <expan abbr="metallorũ">metallorum</expan> <expan abbr="ram&etilde;ta">ramenta</expan> uel lapillos nigros cum limo mi­<lb/>&longs;tos <expan abbr="cõijciunt">conijciunt</expan> in canalis caput, canaliculoque reclu&longs;o <expan abbr="aquã">aquam</expan> in id ip&longs;um <expan abbr="immit-tũt">immit­<lb/>tunt</expan>: tum rutris ligneis agitant <expan abbr="metallorũ">metallorum</expan> <expan abbr="ram&etilde;ta">ramenta</expan>, uel lapillos, u&longs;que <expan abbr="dũ">dum</expan> <expan abbr="aqua-rũ">aqua­<lb/>rum</expan> uis <expan abbr="o&etilde;s">oens</expan> inferat in lintea: deinde <expan abbr="ij&longs;d&etilde;">ij&longs;dem</expan> rutris ligneis leniter <expan abbr="uerrũt">uerrunt</expan> lintea, do <lb/>nec limus in lacum uel in canalem tran&longs;uer&longs;um defluat. </s> <s>Quàm primum <expan abbr="aũt">aunt</expan> <lb/>nullus aut paucus in linteis in&longs;ederit, &longs;ed tantummo do metallorum ramen­<lb/>ta, uel lapilli nigri, tunc ea <expan abbr="auferũt">auferunt</expan>, lauantque in ua&longs;e propè po&longs;ito, in quod in­<lb/>cidunt: redeuntque &longs;ubinde ad eundem laborem. </s> <s>Po&longs;tremò aquam ex ua&longs;e <pb pagenum="242"/>effundunt, & metallorum ramenta uel lapillos nigros colligunt: quinetiam <lb/>&longs;i uel ramenta uel lapilli de linteis delap&longs;i in lacu aut canali tran&longs;uer&longs;o re&longs;ede <lb/>cint, limum iterum lauant.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>T<emph type="italics"/>igna<emph.end type="italics"/> A. L<emph type="italics"/>intea<emph.end type="italics"/> B. C<emph type="italics"/>aput areæ<emph.end type="italics"/> C. C<emph type="italics"/>analiculus<emph.end type="italics"/> D. <lb/>L<emph type="italics"/>acus<emph.end type="italics"/> E. R<emph type="italics"/>utra liguea<emph.end type="italics"/> F. V<emph type="italics"/>a&longs;a<emph.end type="italics"/> G.</s></p><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Aliqui lintea nec auferunt, nec in ua&longs;is lauant, &longs;ed ip&longs;is utrinque tabellas an <lb/>gu&longs;tas atque non multum cra&longs;&longs;as &longs;uperimponunt, & eas ad tigna clauis affi­<lb/>gunt: &longs;imilique modo materiam metallicam rutris ligneis agitantes lauant: <lb/>quamprimum autem iterum nullus aut paucus limus in linteis in&longs;ederit, &longs;ed <lb/>tantummodo metallorum ramenta uel lapilli nigri, tum alterum tignum eri <lb/><expan abbr="gũt">gunt</expan>, ut tota area in altero in&longs;i&longs;tat, & aquam, &longs;itulis ex lacu&longs;culo hau&longs;tam, af­<lb/>fundunt: quo modo id quod ad lintea adhære&longs;cit, decidit in canalem &longs;ubie­<lb/>ctum, ex una arbore cauatum, & in terra effo&longs;&longs;a locatum: cuius cauum &longs;upe­<lb/>riore parte latum e&longs;t pedem, inferiore minus latum, quod <expan abbr="rotũdatum">rotundatum</expan> &longs;it: in <lb/>eiu&longs;dem canalis medio includunt tabellam, ut maiu&longs;cula <expan abbr="metallorũ">metallorum</expan> ramen­<lb/>ta, uel maiu&longs;culi lapilli in priore parte, in quam inciderunt, remaneant, minu <pb pagenum="243"/>tula ramenta uel lapilli in po&longs;teriore: nam aqua ex una in alteram influit, <lb/>& tandem per eius foramen defluit in lacum. </s> <s>Maiu&longs;cula autem metallorum <lb/><expan abbr="ram&etilde;ta">ramenta</expan> uel lapillos nigros ex canali eiectos denuo lauant in canali deuexo: <lb/>minutula uerò ramenta uel lapillos rur&longs;us in hac area linteis exten&longs;is conte <lb/>cta: quæ i&longs;to modo, quòd affixa maneant, diutius durant: & ferè <expan abbr="duplũ">duplum</expan> o­<lb/>pus ab uno lotore tam cito perficitur, quàm altero &longs;implum à duobus.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>A<emph type="italics"/>rea<emph.end type="italics"/> A. A<emph type="italics"/>quam linteis affundens<emph.end type="italics"/> B. S<emph type="italics"/>itula<emph.end type="italics"/> C. A<emph type="italics"/>lterius <lb/>generis &longs;itula<emph.end type="italics"/> D. R<emph type="italics"/>amenta uel lapillos ex canali eijciens<emph.end type="italics"/> E.</s></p><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Cribrum etiam angu&longs;tum nuper in u&longs;u metallico e&longs;&longs;e cœpit: in hoc mate <lb/>ria metallica conijcitur, cribraturque in ua&longs;e aqua ferè pleno: &longs;uccutiturque cri­<lb/>brum: quo &longs;uccu&longs;&longs;u id quod e&longs;t infra erui magnitudinem tran&longs;mittit in uas, <lb/>reliquum in eius fundo remanet: hoc duplex e&longs;t: meta'licum, quod inferio­<lb/>rem locum obtinet: &longs;axeum & terrenum, quod &longs;uperiorem: graue enim &longs;em <lb/>per de&longs;cendit, leue uis aquarum &longs;ur&longs;um fert, quod aufertur radio, qui tabel­<lb/>la tenuis e&longs;t ferè &longs;emicirculi figura, longa dodrantem, alta &longs;emipedem: &longs;ed le <lb/>ue <expan abbr="priu&longs;quã">priu&longs;quam</expan> aufertur, radio decu&longs;&longs;ari &longs;olet, ut eo citius aqua penetrare po&longs;­<pb pagenum="244"/>&longs;it. </s> <s>Po&longs;tea iterum alia materia in cribrum conijcitur & &longs;uccutitur. </s> <s>Vbi uerò <lb/>multa metallorum ramenta in cribro re&longs;ederint, in alueum aliquem propè <lb/>po&longs;itum eijciuntur. </s> <s>At quia cum limo non &longs;olum auri uel argenti ramenta, <lb/>&longs;ed etiam arenæ, pyritæ, cadmiæ, galenæ, lapidum <expan abbr="lique&longs;c&etilde;tium">lique&longs;centium</expan>, aliorumque<lb/>decidunt in uas, nec eas aqua, quod graues &longs;int, <gap/>mentis metallicis &longs;epara <lb/>re pote&longs;t, <expan abbr="iterũ">iterum</expan> limus ille mi&longs;tus lauatur, abijciturque quod inutile e&longs;t. </s> <s>Ne au­<lb/>tem eam arenam mox cribrum rur&longs;us <expan abbr="trã&longs;mittat">tran&longs;mittat</expan>, lotor ci &longs;ub&longs;ternit lapillos <lb/>aut glareas. </s> <s>Quoniam uerò &longs;i cribrum non recte &longs;uccu&longs;&longs;erit, &longs;ed inclinauerit <lb/>ad latus, lapilli uel glareæ ex una parte amouentur, ac iterum tam metallica <lb/>materia quàm inanis decidit in uas, laborque fru&longs;tra &longs;u&longs;cipitur, angu&longs;tius eti­<lb/>am cribrum fecerunt metallici no&longs;trates, quod ne inertes <expan abbr="quid&etilde;">quidem</expan> lotores po­<lb/>te&longs;t fallere: ad quam loturam eis nihil opus e&longs;t fundo ex lapillis &longs;ub&longs;tratis fa <lb/>cto: qua lauandi ratione limus cum minutulis metallorum ramentis decidit <lb/>in uas: maiu&longs;cula in cribro re&longs;ident: quæ inanis arena contegit: ea radio au­<lb/>fertur: ramenta collecta &longs;imul cum alijs excoquuntur: limus cum minutulis <lb/><expan abbr="ram&etilde;tis">ramentis</expan> mi&longs;tus tertio lauatur in cribro angu&longs;ti&longs;&longs;imo, cuius fundum &longs;etis e&longs;t <lb/>contextum: id quod radio e&longs;t ablatum, &longs;i uena metalli diues fue­<lb/>rit, in area linteis exten&longs;is contecta lauatur: <lb/>&longs;i pauper, abijcitur.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>C<emph type="italics"/>ribrum angu&longs;tum<emph.end type="italics"/> A. R<emph type="italics"/>adius<emph.end type="italics"/> B. C<emph type="italics"/>ribrum an/ <lb/>gu&longs;tius<emph.end type="italics"/> C. C<emph type="italics"/>ribrum angufti&longs;simum<emph.end type="italics"/> D.</s></p><pb pagenum="245"/><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Per&longs;olui lauandi rationes plu<gap/>rum uenis communes, uenio <lb/>nunc ad alteram uenarum <gap/>em: nam de hac prius. </s> <s>quàm <pb pagenum="246"/>de ijs lauandi rationibus, quæ cuiu&longs;que metalli uenis propriæ &longs;unt, dicere <expan abbr="cõ">com</expan> <lb/>uenit. </s> <s>Cùm anno M. D. XII. </s> <s>Georgius illu&longs;tris Saxonum Dux in Mi&longs;e­<lb/>na ius omnium tumulorum è fodinis ege&longs;torum dedi&longs;&longs;et nobili & pruden­<lb/>ti uiro Sigi&longs;mundo Malthicio, patri loannis epi&longs;copi Mi&longs;eni & Henrici: Is <lb/>Dippolde&longs;ualdi & Aldebergi, quibus in locis <expan abbr="fodiũtur">fodiuntur</expan> lapilli nigri, ex qui­<lb/>bus plumbum candidum <expan abbr="cõficitur">conficitur</expan>, reiectis pilis &longs;iccis, cribris amplis, mola, <lb/>inuenit machinam, quæ uenas udas pilis præferratis tunderet. </s> <s>Venas <expan abbr="aut&etilde;">autem</expan> <lb/>udas uocamus aquis, quæ in cap&longs;am influunt, madefactas: quo modo etiam <lb/>interdum pila uda nominamus, item aquis madida: contrà pila &longs;icca uel ue <lb/>nas &longs;iccas appellamus nullis aquis, dum pilis tunduntur, madefactas: &longs;ed re­<lb/>deamus ad no&longs;trum propo&longs;itum. </s> <s>Hæc machina non multum di&longs;&longs;imilis e&longs;t <lb/>ei, quæ uenas &longs;iccas pilis præferratis tundit: horum <expan abbr="tam&etilde;">tamen</expan> pilorum capita di­<lb/>midio &longs;unt maiora quàm illorum: nec cap&longs;a, quæ, ex trunco querno uel fa­<lb/>gino confecta, in &longs;pacio, quod e&longs;t inter tigna &longs;tatuta locatur, è fronte patet, <lb/>fed ex altero latere: ea longa e&longs;t pedes tres, lata dodrantem, alta pedem & di <lb/>gitos &longs;ex: &longs;i caret fundo, &longs;imiliter &longs;tatuitur &longs;uper &longs;axum durum atque planum, <lb/>in terra paululum effo&longs;&longs;a po&longs;itum: & qua <expan abbr="cõiunguntur">coniunguntur</expan> undique mu&longs;co ac lin <lb/>teolis rallis obturantur: &longs;in habet fundum, &longs;olea ferrea, longa pedes tres, la­<lb/>ta dodrantem, cra&longs;&longs;a palmum in ea locatur, qua patet ad ip&longs;am ferrea lamina <lb/>foraminum plena affigitur, ut inter eam & caput proximi pili &longs;pacium duo­<lb/>rum digitorum &longs;it: atque tantundem inter laminam & tignum &longs;tatutum, in <lb/>cuius foramine po&longs;itus e&longs;t canalis paruus & longiu&longs;culus: per quem argen­<lb/>ti uena minutim contu&longs;a cum aqua defluit in <expan abbr="lacũ">lacum</expan>: id, quod in canali reman­<lb/>&longs;it, hatillo ligneo eijcitur in proximum &longs;olum a&longs;&longs;eribus tectum: quod in la­<lb/>cu &longs;ub&longs;edit, batillo ferreo &longs;eparatim in &longs;olum: plerique faciunt duos canales, <lb/>ut dum operarius unum, eo, quod re&longs;edit, refertum, exinanit, interea aliud <lb/>in altero re&longs;ideat: ad alterum cap&longs;æ latus, quod e&longs;t properotam, quæ machi <lb/>nam uer&longs;at, aqua per canaliculum in eam influit: qua etiam operarius <expan abbr="uenã">uenam</expan> <lb/>contundendam inijcit in cap&longs;am, ne fragmenta, &longs;i in pila fuerint coniecta, i­<lb/>p&longs;is &longs;int impedimento: atque hac ratione uena argenti uel auri minutim pili­<lb/>tunditur.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>C<emph type="italics"/>ap&longs;a<emph.end type="italics"/> A. L<emph type="italics"/>atus cap&longs;æ patens<emph.end type="italics"/> B. S<emph type="italics"/>axum<emph.end type="italics"/> C. S<emph type="italics"/>olea ferrea<emph.end type="italics"/> D. <lb/>L<emph type="italics"/>amina<emph.end type="italics"/> E. C<emph type="italics"/>analis<emph.end type="italics"/> F. B<emph type="italics"/>atillum ligneum<emph.end type="italics"/> G. L<emph type="italics"/>acus<emph.end type="italics"/> H. <lb/>B<emph type="italics"/>atillum ferreum<emph.end type="italics"/> I. E<emph type="italics"/>ius quod &longs;ub&longs;edit aceruus<emph.end type="italics"/> K. <lb/>V<emph type="italics"/>ena contundenda<emph.end type="italics"/> L. C<emph type="italics"/>analiculus<emph.end type="italics"/> M.</s></p><pb pagenum="247"/><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Cùm uero <expan abbr="plũbi">plumbi</expan> candidi uena i&longs;tiu&longs;modi pilis præferratis <expan abbr="tũditur">tunditur</expan>, ut pri <lb/>ma tudi <gap/>tum <gap/>nalis, qui pertinet ad <expan abbr="laminã">laminam</expan> <expan abbr="foraminũ">foraminum</expan> <expan abbr="plenã">plenam</expan>, defcit <expan abbr="a-quã">a­<lb/>quam</expan>, <expan abbr="cũlapillis">cullapillis</expan> nigris & arenula <expan abbr="permi&longs;tã">permi&longs;tam</expan>, in <expan abbr="canal&etilde;">canalem</expan> <expan abbr="trã&longs;uer&longs;um">tran&longs;uer&longs;um</expan>: ex quo mox <pb pagenum="248"/>per <expan abbr="canaliculũ">canaliculum</expan>, qui per <expan abbr="cõclauis">conclauis</expan> <expan abbr="part&etilde;">partem</expan> penetrat, defluit in <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> <expan abbr="magnũ">magnum</expan> cana <lb/>lem <expan abbr="&longs;ubiectũ">&longs;ubiectum</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nã">Nam</expan> iccirco duo &longs;unt, ut <expan abbr="dũlotor">dullotor</expan> <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> lapillis nigris & arenis <lb/><expan abbr="refertũ">refertum</expan>, effundit, in <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> <expan abbr="eæd&etilde;">eædem</expan> res influant: uterque longus e&longs;t pedes duode­<lb/>cim, altus <expan abbr="cubitũ">cubitum</expan>, latus <expan abbr="&longs;e&longs;quiped&etilde;">&longs;e&longs;quipedem</expan>: lapilli nigri, q<gap/> in &longs;uprema canalis parte <lb/><expan abbr="re&longs;id&etilde;t">re&longs;ident</expan>, maiu&longs;culi, ut &longs;unt, nominantur: hi &longs;æpius batillo <expan abbr="cõmouentur">commouentur</expan>, ut la­<lb/>pilli mediocres & limus <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> minutulis permi&longs;tus, defluant: &longs;ed lapilli medio <lb/>cres <expan abbr="plerũque">plerunque</expan> <expan abbr="re&longs;id&etilde;t">re&longs;ident</expan> in media <expan abbr="eiu&longs;d&etilde;">eiu&longs;dem</expan> canalis parte, eosque abiegnus ramus <expan abbr="cõ-uolutus">con­<lb/>uolutus</expan> retinet: limus uerò, qui <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> aqua defluit, inter <expan abbr="ramũ">ramum</expan> & tabellam quæ <lb/>claudit <expan abbr="canal&etilde;">canalem</expan>, hoc e&longs;t in ultima canalis parte, <expan abbr="cõ&longs;i&longs;tit">con&longs;i&longs;tit</expan>. </s> <s>Seor&longs;um <expan abbr="aũt">aunt</expan> ab alijs ni <lb/>gri lapilli maiu&longs;culi batillo <expan abbr="eijciũtur">eijciuntur</expan> è canali, &longs;eor&longs;um mediocres, &longs;eor&longs;um li­<lb/>mus. </s> <s>Etenim &longs;eparatim in area linteis exten&longs;is <expan abbr="cõtecta">contecta</expan> & in canali deuexo la <lb/>uantur, & torrentur, & excoquuntur: exceptis lapillis, qui in media canalis <lb/>parte re&longs;ederunt. </s> <s>Hi. </s> <s>n. </s> <s>et&longs;i &longs;emper &longs;eparatim <expan abbr="lauãtur">lauantur</expan> in area linteis exten&longs;is <lb/><expan abbr="cõtecta">contecta</expan>, <expan abbr="tam&etilde;">tamen</expan> &longs;i magnitudine ferè exæquauerint eos lapillos, qui in &longs;uprema <lb/>canalis parte re&longs;ederunt, &longs;imul <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> eis in canali deuexo lauantur, &longs;imul torren <lb/>tur, &longs;imul <expan abbr="excoquũtur">excoquuntur</expan>: &longs;ed limus unà <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> alijs, neque in area linteis <expan abbr="ext&etilde;&longs;is">exten&longs;is</expan> <expan abbr="cõte">conte</expan> <lb/>cta, neque in canali deuexo lauatur, &longs;ed &longs;eparatim: atque lapilli, ex eo <expan abbr="cõfecti">confecti</expan>, &longs;e­<lb/>or&longs;um <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="torr&etilde;tur">torrentur</expan> & <expan abbr="excoquũtur">excoquuntur</expan>. </s> <s>Duos <expan abbr="aũt">aunt</expan> canales magnos excipit tran&longs;­<lb/>uer&longs;us: atque eum rur&longs;us rectus in lacum, qui e&longs;t extra conclaue, exonerans.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>C<emph type="italics"/>analis ad <expan abbr="laminã">laminam</expan> pertinens<emph.end type="italics"/> A. C<emph type="italics"/>analis tran&longs;uer&longs;us<emph.end type="italics"/> B. C<emph type="italics"/>analiculus<emph.end type="italics"/> C. C<emph type="italics"/>anales magni<emph.end type="italics"/> D. B<emph type="italics"/>æ <lb/><expan abbr="tillũ">tillum</expan><emph.end type="italics"/> E. R<emph type="italics"/>amus conuolutus<emph.end type="italics"/> F. T<emph type="italics"/>abellæ claudentes canales<emph.end type="italics"/> G. A<emph type="italics"/>lter canalis tran&longs;uer&longs;us<emph.end type="italics"/> H.</s></p><figure></figure><pb pagenum="249"/><p type="main"> <s><expan abbr="Verũ">Verum</expan> hæc <expan abbr="lauãdi">lauandi</expan> ratio nuper <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="parũ">parum</expan> e&longs;t immutata: <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> canalis, qui exci­<lb/>pit <expan abbr="aquã">aquam</expan> <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> lapillis nigris et arenulis <expan abbr="permi&longs;tã">permi&longs;tam</expan>, quæ per laminæ foramina ef­<lb/>fluit, ad <expan abbr="nullũ">nullum</expan> <expan abbr="canal&etilde;">canalem</expan> <expan abbr="trã&longs;uer&longs;um">tran&longs;uer&longs;um</expan>, qui e&longs;t extra <expan abbr="cõclaue">conclaue</expan>, pertinet, &longs;ed rectà per <lb/>cius <expan abbr="pariet&etilde;">parietem</expan> penetrat in <expan abbr="lacu&longs;culũ">lacu&longs;culum</expan>: id <expan abbr="aũt">aunt</expan>, &qring;d in canali recto extra <expan abbr="cõclaue">conclaue</expan> &longs;ub <lb/>&longs;edit, <expan abbr="adole&longs;c&etilde;s">adole&longs;cens</expan> <expan abbr="trid&etilde;ti">tridenti</expan> ra&longs;tro radit, &qring;modo lapilli maiu&longs;culi <expan abbr="re&longs;id&etilde;t">re&longs;ident</expan> in fundo: <lb/>quos lotor batillo ligneo eijcit: in <expan abbr="cõclaue">conclaue</expan> importat: in <expan abbr="canal&etilde;">canalem</expan> <expan abbr="deuexũ">deuexum</expan> <expan abbr="cõie-ctos">conie­<lb/>ctos</expan> rutro ligneo agitat & lauat: <expan abbr="quinetiã">quinetiam</expan> lapillos, quos aqua rapuit in can<gap/><lb/><expan abbr="l&etilde;">lem</expan> deuexo <expan abbr="&longs;ubiectũ">&longs;ubiectum</expan> u&longs;que eò re&longs;umptos lauat <expan abbr="dũ">dum</expan> puri fiant: reliqui uerò lapilli <lb/><expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> arena mi&longs;ta <expan abbr="influũt">influunt</expan> in <expan abbr="lacu&longs;culũ">lacu&longs;culum</expan>, qui e&longs;t in <expan abbr="cõclaui">conclaui</expan>. </s> <s>Is <expan abbr="aũt">aunt</expan> exonerat in duos <lb/>illos canales magnos: in <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> &longs;uperiore parte lapilli mediocres <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> maiu&longs;cu <lb/>lis permi&longs;ti <expan abbr="re&longs;id&etilde;t">re&longs;ident</expan>, in inferiore minutuli: &longs;ed utrique impuri: quare illi &longs;epara­<lb/>tim eiecti bis <expan abbr="lauãtur">lauantur</expan>, prius in canali &longs;implicis a&longs;&longs;imili, po&longs;terius in canali de <lb/>uexo. </s> <s>Hi <expan abbr="it&etilde;">item</expan> bis, prius in area linteis <expan abbr="ext&etilde;&longs;is">exten&longs;is</expan> <expan abbr="cõtecta">contecta</expan>, po&longs;terius in canali deue <lb/>xo. </s> <s>Canalis &longs;implicis a&longs;&longs;imilis ab eo differt capite: &qring;d hic <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> habet decliue, <lb/>alter in medio depre&longs;&longs;um. </s> <s>Hic præterea habet <expan abbr="axiculũ">axiculum</expan> <expan abbr="ligneũ">ligneum</expan>, qui in forami <lb/>nibus <expan abbr="duorũ">duorum</expan> <expan abbr="cra&longs;&longs;orũ">cra&longs;&longs;orum</expan> <expan abbr="a&longs;&longs;erũ">a&longs;&longs;erum</expan>, ad latera canalis <expan abbr="affixorũ">affixorum</expan> uer&longs;atur: ut <expan abbr="adole&longs;c&etilde;s">adole&longs;cens</expan> <lb/><expan abbr="batillũ">batillum</expan>, quo lapillos facit puros, in <expan abbr="eũ">eum</expan> po&longs;&longs;it imponere: &qring;d ni faceret <expan abbr="nimiũ">nimium</expan> i­<lb/>&longs;tis laborib. </s> <s>defatigaretur: in &qring;s &longs;tans totos dies in&longs;umit: &longs;ed canales magni, <lb/>&longs;implicis a&longs;&longs;imilis, deuexus, area linteis exten&longs;is <expan abbr="cõtecta">contecta</expan> propterea <expan abbr="cõ&longs;truun">con&longs;truun</expan> <lb/>tur in <expan abbr="cõclaui">conclaui</expan>, cui fornax e&longs;t <expan abbr="calor&etilde;">calorem</expan> per fictilia uel tabulas ferreas, ex quib. </s> <s><expan abbr="cõ">com</expan> <lb/>&longs;tat, <expan abbr="effund&etilde;s">effundens</expan>, ut <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> hyeme, &longs;i flumina pro<gap/>&longs;us <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="cõglaciauerint">conglaciauerint</expan>, lotores &longs;u <lb/>um munus exequi po&longs;&longs;int.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>C<emph type="italics"/>analis primus<emph.end type="italics"/> A. R<emph type="italics"/><expan abbr="a&longs;trũ">a&longs;trum</expan> tride<gap/>s<emph.end type="italics"/> B. L<emph type="italics"/>acu&longs;eulus<emph.end type="italics"/> C. C<emph type="italics"/>inales mogni<emph.end type="italics"/> D. C<emph type="italics"/>anolis &longs;implicis a&longs;&longs;i­<lb/>milis<emph.end type="italics"/> E. A<emph type="italics"/>xiculus<emph.end type="italics"/> F. A<emph type="italics"/>&longs;&longs;eres<emph.end type="italics"/> G. E<emph type="italics"/><expan abbr="orũ">orum</expan> foramina<emph.end type="italics"/> H. B<emph type="italics"/>atillum<emph.end type="italics"/> I. C<emph type="italics"/>onclaue<emph.end type="italics"/> K. F<emph type="italics"/>ornax<emph.end type="italics"/> L.</s></p><figure></figure><pb pagenum="250"/><p type="main"> <s>In area autem linteis exten&longs;is <expan abbr="cõtecta">contecta</expan> lapilli minutuli cum limo mi&longs;ti, qui <lb/>&longs;ub&longs;ederunt in infima parte magnorum canalium & canalis &longs;implicis a&longs;&longs;i­<lb/>milis & deuexi lauantur: eius lintea in lacu ex una arbore cauato, & duabus <lb/>tabellis, ut tres cap&longs;æ fiant, di&longs;tincto abluuntur: & primum quidem & &longs;e­<lb/>cundum in prima, tertium & quartum in &longs;ecunda, quintum & &longs;extum in ter <lb/>tia. </s> <s>Sed quia in i&longs;tis lapillis minutulis aliquæ lapidis &longs;axi marmoris arenulæ <lb/>ine&longs;&longs;e &longs;olent, eos magi&longs;ter in canali deuexo puros facit &longs;copis &longs;upremam eo <lb/>rum partem leniter uerrens, non æqualibus ductibus, &longs;ed modò rectis, mo <lb/>dò tran&longs;uer&longs;is: quo modo aqua arenulas, quòd &longs;int leuiores, per canalem ra <lb/>pit in lacum: lapillos, quòd grauiores, in canali relinquit. </s> <s>Canalibus autem <lb/>omnibus tam intra quàm extra conclaue &longs;ubijciuntur uel lacus, uel canales <lb/>tran&longs;uer&longs;i, in quos exonerant: ut aqua perpaucos lapillos minutulos in flu­<lb/>men deferre po&longs;&longs;it. </s> <s>Sed lacus magnus, qui e&longs;t extra conclaue, plerunque con­<lb/>ficitur ex contignationibus quadratis: atque longus, & latus, & altus e&longs;t pe­<lb/>des octo: in quo cùm multus limus, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> minutulis lapillis nigris mi&longs;tus, &longs;ub­<lb/>&longs;ederit, primò aqua turbine extracto emittitur: deinde limus eiectus laua­<lb/>tur extra domicilium in area linteis exten&longs;is contecta: tum in canali <lb/>deuexo, qui e&longs;t in conclaui: quibus modis minuti&longs;&longs;imi <lb/>lapilli fiunt puri.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>C<emph type="italics"/>analis ad laminam cap&longs;æ pertinens<emph.end type="italics"/> A. R<emph type="italics"/>aftrum tridens<emph.end type="italics"/> B. <lb/>L<emph type="italics"/>acu&longs;culus<emph.end type="italics"/> C. L<emph type="italics"/>intea<emph.end type="italics"/> D. C<emph type="italics"/>analis deuexus<emph.end type="italics"/> E. S<emph type="italics"/>copæ<emph.end type="italics"/> F.</s></p><pb pagenum="251"/><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Sed limus, cum minutulis lapillis <expan abbr="cõmi&longs;tus">commi&longs;tus</expan>, qui nec in magno lacu, nec in <lb/>canali tran&longs;uer&longs;o, qui extra domicilium e&longs;t &longs;ub linteis, &longs;ub&longs;edit, is effluit in ri <pb pagenum="252"/>uum uel fluuium, atque in eius alueo re&longs;idet. </s> <s>Vt uerò etiam lapillorum par­<lb/>tem metallici capere po&longs;&longs;int, plures in alueo riui uel fluuij faciunt extructio­<lb/>nes &longs;imilimas his, quæ conficiuntur &longs;upra moletrinas, ut impetus aquarum <lb/>deflectant ad fo&longs;&longs;as, in quibus cur&longs;u &longs;uo ad rotas profluunt. </s> <s>Ad alterum au­<lb/>tem cuiu&longs;que extructionis latus e&longs;t area ad quinque uel &longs;ex uel &longs;eptem <expan abbr="pedũ">pedum</expan> <expan abbr="al-titudin&etilde;">al­<lb/>titudinem</expan> depre&longs;&longs;a, & quaquauer&longs;us, &longs;i loci natura ita feret, pedes habens am­<lb/>plius &longs;exaginta: itaque cùm aqua riui uel fluuij autumno & hyeme inundaue <lb/>rit terram, tunc fores extructionum clauduntur: quo modo uis aquarum li­<lb/>mum cum lapillis permi&longs;tum, rapit in areas: qui uere & æ&longs;tate &longs;imiliter la­<lb/>uatur in area linteis exten&longs;is contecta, & in canali deuexo: colligunturque la­<lb/>pilli nigri, &longs;ed minutuli. </s> <s>At cùm alueus riui uel fluuij à domicilijs, in quibus <lb/>lauantur lapilli nigri, iam cœperint di&longs;tare quatuor millibus pa&longs;&longs;uum, me­<lb/>tallici tales extructiones non faciunt, &longs;ed in pratis &longs;epes obliquas, & ante &longs;in <lb/>gulas eiu&longs;dem longitudinis fo&longs;&longs;am, ut limus cum lapillis nigris mi&longs;tus, riui <lb/>uel fluuij <expan abbr="inũdationibus">inundationibus</expan> raptus in his &longs;ub&longs;ideat, ad illas adhære&longs;cat: qui col­<lb/>lectus <expan abbr="it&etilde;">item</expan> in area & canali lauatur, ut lapilli nigri ab eo &longs;eparentur: certe qui­<lb/>dem tales areas & &longs;epes plurimas, quæ i&longs;tius generis limum <expan abbr="excipiũt">excipiunt</expan>, in Mi <lb/>&longs;ena &longs;ub Aldebergo uidere licet ad Mogelicium fluuium illum &longs;emper &longs;ub­<lb/>rubrum, cùm &longs;axa, cum lapillis nigris permi&longs;ta, tunduntur pilis.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>F<emph type="italics"/>luuius<emph.end type="italics"/> A. E<emph type="italics"/>xtructio<emph.end type="italics"/> B. F<emph type="italics"/>ores<emph.end type="italics"/> C. A<emph type="italics"/>rea<emph.end type="italics"/> D. P<emph type="italics"/>ratum<emph.end type="italics"/> E. S<emph type="italics"/>epes<emph.end type="italics"/> F. F<emph type="italics"/>o&longs;&longs;a<emph.end type="italics"/> G.</s></p><figure></figure><pb pagenum="253"/><p type="main"> <s>Sed redeo ad machinas. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quidã">Quidam</expan> &longs;olent id genus quatuor uno in loco <expan abbr="cõ-&longs;truere">con­<lb/>&longs;truere</expan>: duas &longs;cilicet in &longs;uperiore eius parte, & totidem in inferiore: quo mo <lb/>do nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t riuum deductum altius defluere in &longs;uperiores rotas, quòd a­<lb/>xes uer&longs;ent, quorum dentes grauiora pila attollunt. </s> <s>Machinarum enim <expan abbr="&longs;u-periorũ">&longs;u­<lb/>periorum</expan> pila ferè duplo longiora quàm inferiorum pila e&longs;&longs;e oportet: & qui­<lb/>dem propterea, quòd omnes cap&longs;æ in eadem planicie collocentur: qua de <lb/>cau&longs;a etiam ea pila dentes habent &longs;ub parte &longs;uperiore, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ut inferiora &longs;upra <lb/>inferiorem. </s> <s>Aquas autem ex duabus &longs;uperioribus rotis defluentes duo ca­<lb/>nales lati excipiunt, ex quibus præcipitant in duas inferiores rotas. </s> <s>Quia ue <lb/>rò i&longs;tiu&longs;modi machinarum omnium pila ferè contigua &longs;unt, ne capita ferrea <lb/>&longs;e conterant, qua in eis <expan abbr="includũtur">includuntur</expan>, paululum re&longs;ecantur. </s> <s>Vbi uerò propter <lb/>uallis angu&longs;tias tot machinæ con&longs;trui non po&longs;&longs;unt, monte duobus in locis, <lb/>quorum alter altero &longs;it altior, cauato et æquato duæ machinæ, quas <expan abbr="unũ">unum</expan> do <lb/>micilium in &longs;e continet, &longs;olent confici: aquam ex &longs;uperiore rota defluentem <lb/>item canalis latus excipit: ex quo &longs;imiliter præcipitat in inferiorem. </s> <s>Verùm <lb/>cap&longs;æ non in una planicie <expan abbr="locãtur">locantur</expan>, &longs;ed utraque in &longs;uæ machinæ propria: quo­<lb/>circa duobus operarijs, qui uenam in cap&longs;as inijciant opus e&longs;t. </s> <s>At cùm nul­<lb/>lus riuus, qui ex altiore loco præcipitet in &longs;uperiorem rotæ partem deduci <lb/>pote&longs;t, deducitur qui inferiorem uer&longs;et: eius aquæ multæ in unum <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan>, ad <lb/>ip&longs;as continendas aptum, colliguntur: ex quo foribus &longs;ubleuatis emittun­<lb/>tur in rotam, quæ in canali uer&longs;atur. </s> <s>I&longs;tiu&longs;modi autem rotæ pinnæ altiores <lb/>&longs;unt, & &longs;upinæ &longs;ur&longs;um uer&longs;us extant: alterius uerò humiliores, & pronæ de <lb/>or&longs;um uer&longs;us uergunt.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>P<emph type="italics"/>rima machina<emph.end type="italics"/> A. E<emph type="italics"/>ius pila<emph.end type="italics"/> B. E<emph type="italics"/>iu&longs;dem cap&longs;a<emph.end type="italics"/> C. <lb/>S<emph type="italics"/>ecunda machina<emph.end type="italics"/> D. E<emph type="italics"/>ius pila<emph.end type="italics"/> E. E<emph type="italics"/>iu&longs;dem cap&longs;a<emph.end type="italics"/> F. <lb/>T<emph type="italics"/>ertia machina<emph.end type="italics"/> G. E<emph type="italics"/>ius pila<emph.end type="italics"/> H. E<emph type="italics"/>iu&longs;dem cap&longs;a<emph.end type="italics"/> I. <lb/>Q<emph type="italics"/>uarta machina<emph.end type="italics"/> K. E<emph type="italics"/>ius pila<emph.end type="italics"/> L. E<emph type="italics"/>iu&longs;dem cap&longs;a<emph.end type="italics"/> M.</s></p><pb pagenum="254"/><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Quinetiam in Iulijs & Rheticis Alpibus, ac in Carpato monte nunc au­<lb/>ri, uel etiam argenti uena &longs;ubiecta pilis, interdum amplius uiginti ex ordine <pb pagenum="255"/>collocatis, uda tunditur in longa cap&longs;a, cui duæ &longs;unt laminæ <expan abbr="foraminũ">foraminum</expan> ple­<lb/>næ, per quæ uena <expan abbr="cõminuta">comminuta</expan> &longs;imul cum aqua defluit in &longs;ubiectum canalem <lb/>tran&longs;uer&longs;um: ex quo duobus canaliculis defertur in capita <expan abbr="arearũ">arearum</expan> linteis ex­<lb/>ten&longs;is <expan abbr="cõtectarum">contectarum</expan>: utrunque ex cra&longs;&longs;o & lato a&longs;&longs;ere, qui attolli & erigi pote&longs;t, <lb/>& ad quem utrinque eminentes tabellæ &longs;unt affixæ, con&longs;tat: in eo a&longs;&longs;ere mul­<lb/>ta &longs;unt caua catillis, in <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> &longs;ingulis &longs;ingula oua mollia uel &longs;orbilia locan­<lb/>tur, & magnitudine æqualia & figura &longs;imilia: quibus cauis deor&longs;um uer&longs;us <lb/>breues &longs;unt rece&longs;&longs;us auri uel argenti ramenta recipientes: quibus cum caua <lb/>ferè plena fuerint, a&longs;&longs;er in alterum latus erigitur, ut ramenta excidant in alue <lb/>um grandem: caua etiam aquis affu&longs;is eluuntur. </s> <s>Separatim <expan abbr="aut&etilde;">autem</expan> hæc ramen <lb/>ta lauantur in alueo, &longs;eparatim ea quæ in linteis re&longs;ederunt: alueus ille læuis <lb/>& altus duos digitos tran&longs;uer&longs;os figura ferè nauiculæ &longs;imilis e&longs;t: nempe pri <lb/>ore parte latus, po&longs;teriore angu&longs;tus: in cuius medio canaliculus e&longs;t tran&longs;uer <lb/>&longs;us: in quo auri uel argenti ramenta pura &longs;ub&longs;idunt, arenæ quod leuiores; <lb/>ex eo excidunt.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>P<emph type="italics"/>ila<emph.end type="italics"/> A. C<emph type="italics"/>ap&longs;a<emph.end type="italics"/> B. L<emph type="italics"/>aminæ for aminum plenæ<emph.end type="italics"/> C. C<emph type="italics"/>analis tran&longs;uer&longs;us<emph.end type="italics"/> D. <lb/>A<emph type="italics"/>&longs;&longs;eres cauis pleni<emph.end type="italics"/> E. C<emph type="italics"/>analiculi<emph.end type="italics"/> F. A<emph type="italics"/>lueus in quem ramenta incidunt<emph.end type="italics"/> G. <lb/>A<emph type="italics"/>reæ linteis contectæ<emph.end type="italics"/> H. A<emph type="italics"/>lueus nauiculæ fere &longs;imilis<emph.end type="italics"/> I. L<emph type="italics"/>acus areis &longs;ubiecti<emph.end type="italics"/> K.</s></p><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>In quibu&longs;dam præterea Marauiæ locis auri uena, quæ ex lapidibus lique <pb pagenum="256"/>&longs;centibus, cum quibus aurum permi&longs;tum e&longs;t, con&longs;tat, &longs;ubiecta pilis uda tun <lb/>ditur: <expan abbr="cõminuta">comminuta</expan> per <expan abbr="canaliculũ">canaliculum</expan> effluit in <expan abbr="lacũ">lacum</expan>, ibi rutro ligneo agitatur, auri <lb/>minutæ particulæ, quæ in &longs;upremo lacu re&longs;ident, in alueo nigro lauantur. </s> <s><lb/>Hactenus de machinis, quæ uenas udas <expan abbr="tundũt">tundunt</expan> pilis præferratis, dixi: nunc <lb/><expan abbr="lauãdi">lauandi</expan> rationes <expan abbr="quorundã">quorundam</expan> <expan abbr="metallorũ">metallorum</expan> uenis <expan abbr="quodãmodo">quodammodo</expan> proprias <expan abbr="exponã">exponam</expan> <lb/>or&longs;us ab auro: uenæ certe in quib. </s> <s>illius metalli particulæ in&longs;unt, & arenæ ri <lb/><expan abbr="uorũ">uorum</expan> uel <expan abbr="fluuiorũ">fluuiorum</expan>, in quib. </s> <s><expan abbr="eiu&longs;d&etilde;">eiu&longs;dem</expan> ramenta, lauantur in areis aut in alueis: are <lb/>næ præterea in lacu: &longs;ed non uno modo <expan abbr="lauãtur">lauantur</expan> in areis: <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> hæ auri particu­<lb/>las uel <expan abbr="ram&etilde;ta">ramenta</expan> aut tran&longs;mittunt aut <expan abbr="retin&etilde;t">retinent</expan>: atque <expan abbr="tran&longs;mittũt">tran&longs;mittunt</expan> <expan abbr="quid&etilde;">quidem</expan>, &longs;i habue­<lb/>rint foramina: retinent, &longs;i eis caruerint: <expan abbr="uerũ">uerum</expan> uel ip&longs;a area habet foramina, uel <lb/>cap&longs;a in eius <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> &longs;ub&longs;tituta: &longs;i ip&longs;a, auri particulas uel ramenta tran&longs;mittit in <lb/><expan abbr="lacũ">lacum</expan>: &longs;i cap&longs;a, in canalem <expan abbr="longũ">longum</expan>, de quibus duabus lauandi rationib. </s> <s>primò <lb/><expan abbr="dicã">dicam</expan>. </s> <s>Area <expan abbr="cõficitur">conficitur</expan> ex duobus a&longs;&longs;eribus inter &longs;e coagmentatis, longa pedes <lb/>duodecim, lata tres, <expan abbr="foraminũ">foraminum</expan>, per quæ <expan abbr="eruũ">eruum</expan> penetret, plena. </s> <s>Ne uerò uena <lb/>uel arena, cui <expan abbr="aurũ">aurum</expan> e&longs;t <expan abbr="immi&longs;tũ">immi&longs;tum</expan>, è lateribus excidat, ad ea tabellæ eminentes <lb/><expan abbr="affigũtur">affiguntur</expan>. </s> <s>Hæc area &longs;uper duo &longs;cabella imponitur: <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> prius iccirco e&longs;t al <lb/>tius po&longs;teriore, ut glareæ et lapilli ex ip&longs;a deuolui po&longs;&longs;int. </s> <s>Lotor <expan abbr="aũt">aunt</expan> in areæ <lb/>caput, quod altius e&longs;t, <expan abbr="uenã">uenam</expan> uel <expan abbr="arenã">arenam</expan> <expan abbr="cõijcit">conijcit</expan>, & canaliculo reclu&longs;o aquas in <lb/><expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> immittit: mox rutro ligneo ip&longs;am agitat: quomodo glareæ & lapilli per <lb/>aream deuoluuntur in humum: auri particulæ uel <expan abbr="ram&etilde;ta">ramenta</expan> &longs;imul cum arenis <lb/>per foramina in <expan abbr="lacũ">lacum</expan> areæ <expan abbr="&longs;ubiectũ">&longs;ubiectum</expan> <expan abbr="decidũt">decidunt</expan>: quæ collecta in alueo lauantur.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>A<emph type="italics"/>reæ caput<emph.end type="italics"/> A. A<emph type="italics"/>rea<emph.end type="italics"/> B. F<emph type="italics"/>oramina<emph.end type="italics"/> C. T<emph type="italics"/>abellæ<emph.end type="italics"/> D. S<emph type="italics"/>cabella<emph.end type="italics"/> E. <lb/>R<emph type="italics"/>utrum<emph.end type="italics"/> F. L<emph type="italics"/>acus<emph.end type="italics"/> G. C<emph type="italics"/>analiculus<emph.end type="italics"/> H. A<emph type="italics"/>lueus<emph.end type="italics"/> I.</s></p><figure></figure><pb pagenum="257"/><p type="main"> <s>Cap&longs;a uerò, cui <expan abbr="fundũ">fundum</expan> e&longs;t ex lamina <expan abbr="foraminũ">foraminum</expan> plena, &longs;upremo canali, qui <lb/><expan abbr="admodũ">admodum</expan> longus e&longs;t, &longs;ed mediocriter latus, &longs;uperimponitur. </s> <s>In hanc cap&longs;am <lb/>auri materia lauanda <expan abbr="cõijcitur">conijcitur</expan>, & aqua multa immittitur: glebis <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan>, &longs;i uena <lb/>lauatur, batillo ferreo di&longs;cu&longs;&longs;is id &qring;d tenue e&longs;t ex cap&longs;æ fundo decidit in ca­<lb/>nalem, quod cra&longs;&longs;um in eo remanet: id ip&longs;um rutro ex eius parte ferè media <lb/>alterius lateris patente extrahitur. </s> <s>Quia uerò aqua multa nece&longs;&longs;ario in <expan abbr="cap&longs;ã">cap&longs;am</expan> <lb/>immittitur, ne delap&longs;a in <expan abbr="canal&etilde;">canalem</expan> aliqua auri <expan abbr="ram&etilde;ta">ramenta</expan> rapiat, is <expan abbr="dec&etilde;">decem</expan>, uel, &longs;i dimi <lb/>dio longior fuerit, quindecim tabellis, <expan abbr="quarũ">quarum</expan> <expan abbr="anteced&etilde;s">antecedens</expan> quæque &longs;equente alti <lb/>or e&longs;t, ex ordine in ip&longs;um impo&longs;itis di&longs;tinguitur, & cap&longs;ulæ <expan abbr="fiũt">fiunt</expan> eo &qring;d cap&longs;a <lb/>tran&longs;mittit replendæ: &longs;ed <expan abbr="quamprimũ">quamprimum</expan> repletæ fuerint, et aqua pura defluere <lb/>cœperit, canaliculus, per <expan abbr="qu&etilde;">quem</expan> <expan abbr="ead&etilde;">eadem</expan> aqua in cap&longs;am influit, occluditur & ip&longs;a <lb/>aliò deriuatur: mox infima tabella ex canali eximitur, & id &qring;d &longs;ub&longs;edit cum <lb/>reliqua aqua <expan abbr="deflu&etilde;s">defluens</expan> excipitur alueo: deinceps alia atque alia tabella extracta, <lb/>quodque &longs;eparatim alueo excipitur: quodque <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> &longs;eparatim in alueo lauatur, <lb/>& <expan abbr="purũ">purum</expan> efficitur: nam auri particulæ uel <expan abbr="ram&etilde;ta">ramenta</expan> maiu&longs;cula in &longs;uperiorib. </s> <s>ca­<lb/>p&longs;ulis, minutula in inferioribus <expan abbr="re&longs;id&etilde;t">re&longs;ident</expan>. </s> <s>Alueus <expan abbr="aũt">aunt</expan> ille humilis e&longs;t & læuis, <lb/>quippe oleo uel alia re pingui imbutus, ut ad <expan abbr="eũ">eum</expan> auri minutula ramenta non <lb/>adhære&longs;cant: niger, nempe fuligine infectus, ut <expan abbr="aurũ">aurum</expan> magis &longs;ub a&longs;pectum ca <lb/>dat: utrinque inferius in medio paulatim exci&longs;us, ut manibus <expan abbr="preh&etilde;di">prehendi</expan> et firmè <lb/>teneri atque agitari po&longs;&longs;it: qua ratione auri particulæ uel ramenta <expan abbr="po&longs;terior&etilde;">po&longs;teriorem</expan> <lb/><expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> occupant: cùm &longs;i aluei po&longs;terior pars altera manu <expan abbr="cõcutiatur">concutiatur</expan>, ut <expan abbr="cõcuti">concuti</expan> <lb/>&longs;olet, in <expan abbr="prior&etilde;">priorem</expan> <expan abbr="cõcedant">concedant</expan>: hoc &longs;anè modo Maraui in primis auri uenas <expan abbr="lauãt">lauant</expan>.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>C<emph type="italics"/>analis<emph.end type="italics"/> A. C<emph type="italics"/>ap&longs;a<emph.end type="italics"/> B. E<emph type="italics"/>iu&longs;dem inuer&longs;æ <expan abbr="fundũ">fundum</expan><emph.end type="italics"/> C. E<emph type="italics"/>iu&longs;dem pars patens<emph.end type="italics"/> D. R<emph type="italics"/><expan abbr="utrũ">utrum</expan> ferreum<emph.end type="italics"/> E. T<emph type="italics"/>a <lb/>bellæ<emph.end type="italics"/> F. C<emph type="italics"/>analiculus<emph.end type="italics"/> G. A<emph type="italics"/>lueus quo excipitur id quod &longs;ub&longs;edit<emph.end type="italics"/> H. A<emph type="italics"/>lueus niger in quo lauatur<emph.end type="italics"/> I.</s></p><figure></figure><pb pagenum="258"/><p type="main"> <s>At auri ramenta <expan abbr="retin&etilde;t">retinent</expan> areæ uel tegumentis nudæ, uel tectæ: &longs;i nudæ, in <lb/>earum cauis re&longs;ident: &longs;i tectæ, tegumentis <expan abbr="adhære&longs;cũt">adhære&longs;cunt</expan>. </s> <s>Caua fiunt uarijs mo <lb/>dis: aut enim filis ferreis uel tabellis tran&longs;uer&longs;is ad aream affixis, aut non pe­<lb/>netrantibus foraminibus, uel rotundis in ip&longs;a eiu&longs;ué capite cauatis, uel qua­<lb/>drangulis, uel tran&longs;uer&longs;is. </s> <s><expan abbr="Tegũtur">Teguntur</expan> uerò areæ pellibus aut pannis, aut ce&longs;pi­<lb/>tibus: quas &longs;ingulas ordine per&longs;equar. </s> <s>Ad a&longs;&longs;eris, longi pedes &longs;ex, lati unum <lb/>& quadrantem, latera lotor item affigit eminentes tabellas, ne arena, in qua <lb/>auri ramenta in&longs;unt, de eis delabatur: Deinde multa fila ferrea, <expan abbr="digitũ">digitum</expan> tran&longs;­<lb/>uer&longs;um inter &longs;e <expan abbr="di&longs;tãtia">di&longs;tantia</expan>, decu&longs;&longs;at, & qua <expan abbr="cõmittuntur">committuntur</expan> a&longs;&longs;eri &longs;upino clauis fer <lb/>reis affigit: <expan abbr="tũ">tum</expan> caput altius facit: in hoc arenas lauandas <expan abbr="cõijcit">conijcit</expan>, & an&longs;as, quas <lb/>area ad caput habet, manibus prehendens eam aliquoties in flumine uel ri­<lb/>uo ducit & reducit: quo modo lapilli & glareæ per aream deuoluuntur, are <lb/>næ, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> auri <expan abbr="ram&etilde;tis">ramentis</expan> mi&longs;tæ, in eius cauis, quæ inter fila &longs;unt, <expan abbr="reman&etilde;t">remanent</expan>: quas ex­<lb/>cu&longs;&longs;as & in <expan abbr="unũ">unum</expan> <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> collectas in alueo lauat: atque &longs;ic auri ramenta facit pura.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>A<emph type="italics"/>&longs;&longs;er<emph.end type="italics"/> A. T<emph type="italics"/>abellæ<emph.end type="italics"/> B. F<emph type="italics"/>ila ferrea<emph.end type="italics"/> C. A<emph type="italics"/>n&longs;æ<emph.end type="italics"/> D.</s></p><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Alij, in quorum numero &longs;unt Lu&longs;itani, lateribus areæ itidem longæ circi <lb/>ter pedes &longs;ex, latæ &longs;e&longs;quipedem affigunt eminentes tabellas, &longs;ed &longs;upinæ plu <lb/>res tran&longs;uer&longs;as, digitum tran&longs;uer&longs;um inter &longs;e di&longs;tantes. </s> <s>Lotor autem uel eius <lb/>uxor, aquam in areæ caput immittit: arenam, in qua auri ramenta in&longs;unt, in <lb/><expan abbr="id&etilde;">idem</expan> inijcit: <expan abbr="defluent&etilde;">defluentem</expan> rutro ligneo, &qring;d tran&longs;uer&longs;um lo cat in tabellis, agitat: id, <pb pagenum="259"/>quod in cauis, quæ &longs;unt inter tabellas, &longs;ub&longs;idet, ligneo bacillo cu&longs;pidato &longs;æ­<lb/>pius eruit: quo modo auri ramenta in eis re&longs;ident: arenas & alias res inutiles <lb/>aqua rapit in uas areæ &longs;ubiectum. </s> <s>Ip&longs;a uerò ramenta minuto batillo ligneo <lb/>eijcit in <expan abbr="ligneã">ligneam</expan> lancem, ad pedem & quadrantem latam: eamque in riuo cur­<lb/>&longs;um uer&longs;us ducendo & reducendo auri ramenta facit pura: etenim <expan abbr="arenarũ">arenarum</expan> <lb/>reliquiæ ex lance effluunt, ramenta in medio eius cauo &longs;imili catillo <expan abbr="re&longs;id&etilde;t">re&longs;ident</expan>: <lb/><expan abbr="quidã">quidam</expan> utuntur lance concharum in&longs;tar &longs;triata, &longs;ed qua parte aquæ effluunt, <lb/>plana: ueruntamen ea planicies, qua &longs;triges in ip&longs;am exonerant, angu&longs;tior <lb/>e&longs;t: latior, qua defluit aqua.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>C<emph type="italics"/>aput areæ<emph.end type="italics"/> A. T<emph type="italics"/>abellæ tran&longs;uer&longs;æ<emph.end type="italics"/> B. R<emph type="italics"/>utrum ligneum<emph.end type="italics"/> C. B<emph type="italics"/>acillum <lb/>cu&longs;pidatum<emph.end type="italics"/> D. L<emph type="italics"/>anx<emph.end type="italics"/> E. E<emph type="italics"/>ius medium cauum<emph.end type="italics"/> F. L<emph type="italics"/>anx &longs;triatæ<emph.end type="italics"/> G.</s></p><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Sed caua rotunda &longs;imul cum canaliculis in ip&longs;o areæ corpore inciduntur, <lb/>uel eidem inuruntur: id <expan abbr="cõpo&longs;itum">compo&longs;itum</expan> ex tribus a&longs;&longs;eribus longis pedes decem, <lb/>latum e&longs;t ad pedes quatuor: eius <expan abbr="tam&etilde;">tamen</expan> infimum, per quod aqua effunditur, <lb/>angu&longs;tius e&longs;t. </s> <s>Hæc area, &longs;imiliter habens tabellas ad latera affixas, plena e&longs;t <lb/>i&longs;tiu&longs;modi cauis <expan abbr="rotũdis">rotundis</expan> & canaliculis ad ea <expan abbr="pertin&etilde;tibus">pertinentibus</expan>: & <expan abbr="quid&etilde;">quidem</expan> duobus <lb/>ad <expan abbr="unũ">unum</expan>, ut aqua <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> arenis mi&longs;ta, per <expan abbr="&longs;uperior&etilde;">&longs;uperiorem</expan> <expan abbr="canaliculũ">canaliculum</expan> in <expan abbr="cauũ">cauum</expan> influat: per <lb/><expan abbr="inferior&etilde;">inferiorem</expan>, po&longs;t quàm arenæ partim &longs;ub&longs;ederint, rur&longs;us ex ip&longs;o effluat aquæ <lb/>area duob. </s> <s>&longs;cabellis in riuo uel flumine, aut in <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> ripa lo catis imponitur: <pb pagenum="260"/>quorum item prius e&longs;t altius po&longs;teriore, ut glareæ & lapilli per <expan abbr="areã">aream</expan> deuol­<lb/>ui po&longs;&longs;int. </s> <s>Lotor autem arenas in eius caput inijcit batillo, & canali reclu&longs;o <lb/>aquam immittit: quæ <expan abbr="ram&etilde;ta">ramenta</expan> cum paucis arenis defert in caua, glareas uerò <lb/>& lapillos cum cæteris arenis in uas areæ <expan abbr="&longs;ubiectũ">&longs;ubiectum</expan>: illa <expan abbr="quàmprimũ">quàmprimum</expan> caua re­<lb/>ferta fuerint, excutit, & in alueo lauat: has iterum atque iterum in hac area.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>A<emph type="italics"/>reæ caput<emph.end type="italics"/> A. T<emph type="italics"/>abellæ<emph.end type="italics"/> B. I<emph type="italics"/>nfimum areæ<emph.end type="italics"/> C. C<emph type="italics"/>aua<emph.end type="italics"/> D. C<emph type="italics"/>analiculi<emph.end type="italics"/> E. <lb/>S<emph type="italics"/>cabella<emph.end type="italics"/> F. B<emph type="italics"/>atillum<emph.end type="italics"/> G. V<emph type="italics"/>as &longs;ubiectum<emph.end type="italics"/> H. C<emph type="italics"/>analis<emph.end type="italics"/> I.</s></p><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Quidam in area, item ex tribus a&longs;&longs;eribus compo&longs;ita & longa pedes octo <lb/>plures canaliculos tran&longs;uer&longs;os & palmo inter &longs;e di&longs;tantes incidunt: <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> <lb/>&longs;uperior pars deuexa e&longs;t, ut auri ramenta, cùm lotor arenas batillo ligneo a­<lb/>gitat, in eos illabi po&longs;&longs;int: inferior recta, ut eadem ex eis elabi non po&longs;&longs;int: <lb/>qui canaliculi quàmprimum ramentorum cum arenulis <expan abbr="mi&longs;torũ">mi&longs;torum</expan> pleni fue­<lb/>rint, area à &longs;cabellis ablata in caput, quod hic non aliud quam &longs;uprema a&longs;&longs;e­<lb/>rum, ex quibus area con&longs;tat, pars e&longs;t, inuertitur: quo modo ramenta retror­<lb/>&longs;um lap&longs;a in alterum uas <expan abbr="incidũt">incidunt</expan>: nam in alterum lapilli & glareæ per aream <lb/>deuoluuntur: aliqui in ua&longs;orum locum alueos amplos areæ &longs;upponunt. </s> <s>Ra <lb/>menta autem impura, ut cæteri, in alueo paruo lauant.</s></p><pb pagenum="261"/><p type="caption"> <s>C<emph type="italics"/>analiculi tran&longs;uer&longs;i<emph.end type="italics"/> A. V<emph type="italics"/>as areæ &longs;ubiectum<emph.end type="italics"/> B. V<emph type="italics"/>as alterum<emph.end type="italics"/> C.</s></p><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Verùm Toringi rotunda caua, quibus digiti tran&longs;uer&longs;i latitudo & altitu <lb/>do e&longs;t, &longs;imul cum canaliculis ex alijs ad alia pertinentibus in areæ capite inci <lb/>dunt: ip&longs;am uerò aream contegunt linteis: arena lauanda in caput conijci­<lb/>tur & rutro ligneo agitatur: quo modo leuia auri ramenta aqua rapit in lin­<lb/>tea, grauia in cauis re&longs;ident, quibus cùm plena fuerint, caput ablatum in uas <lb/>inuertitur, & ramenta collecta in alueo lauantur. </s> <s>Aliqui utuntur area, ha­<lb/>bente quadrangula caua, quibus deor&longs;um uer&longs;us breues &longs;unt rece&longs;&longs;us auri <lb/>ramenta recipientes. </s> <s>Alijs e&longs;t area compo&longs;ita ex a&longs;&longs;eribus a&longs;peris propter <lb/>minutula re&longs;egmina ad eos adhuc adhære&longs;centia: quæ areæ &longs;unt loco tegu­<lb/>mentorum, quibus nuda e&longs;t. </s> <s>Ad ea cum arena lauatur auri ramenta non mi <lb/>nus adhærent quàm uel ad lintea, uel ad pelles, uel ad pannos, uel ad ce&longs;pi­<lb/>tes. </s> <s>Lotor autem aream &longs;ur&longs;um uer&longs;us &longs;copis uerrit: qui po&longs;tquam tantam <lb/>arenam lauit, quantam lauare uoluit, aquam copio&longs;iorem, quæ ramenta elu <lb/>at, in aream remittit, eaque in uas areæ &longs;ubiectum colligit, atque in alueo lauat. </s> <s><lb/>Vt autem Toringi aream contegunt linteis, ita nonnulli pellibus taurinis <lb/>uel equinis. </s> <s>Hi arenam auri non expertem rutro ligneo &longs;ur&longs;um uer&longs;us agi­<lb/>tant: qua ratione id, quod leue e&longs;t, unà cum aqua defluit, auri ramenta inter <lb/>pilos re&longs;ident: pelles deinde lauantur in ua&longs;e: po&longs;tremò ramenta collecta in <lb/>alueo.</s></p><pb pagenum="262"/><p type="caption"> <s>A<emph type="italics"/>rea linteis contecta<emph.end type="italics"/> A. E<emph type="italics"/>ius caput cauis & canaliculis plenum<emph.end type="italics"/> B. I<emph type="italics"/>d ablatum lauatur <lb/>in ua&longs;e<emph.end type="italics"/> C. A<emph type="italics"/>rea habens caua quadrangula<emph.end type="italics"/> D. A<emph type="italics"/>rea ad cuius a&longs;&longs;eres minuta re&longs;eg­<lb/>mina adhære&longs;cunt<emph.end type="italics"/> E. S<emph type="italics"/>copæ<emph.end type="italics"/> F. P<emph type="italics"/>elles taurinæ<emph.end type="italics"/> G. R<emph type="italics"/>utrum ligneum<emph.end type="italics"/> H.</s></p><figure></figure><pb pagenum="263"/><p type="main"> <s>Quo &longs;anè modo Colchi in fontium lacunis pelles animantium colloca­<lb/>runt: quas quia cùm multa auri ramenta eis adhæ&longs;i&longs;&longs;ent, ab&longs;tulerunt, aura­<lb/>tus Colchorum aries confictus e&longs;t à poetis: &longs;imiliter autem pellibus non &longs;o­<lb/>lum auri, &longs;ed etiam argenti rameta & gemmas excipere rationibus metalli­<lb/>corum conducet.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>F<emph type="italics"/>ons<emph.end type="italics"/> A. P<emph type="italics"/>ellis<emph.end type="italics"/> B. A<emph type="italics"/>rgonautæ<emph.end type="italics"/> C.</s></p><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Multi aream panno uiridi, tam longo & lato quàm ip&longs;a e&longs;t, contegunt, & <lb/>eum clauis ferreis ita affigunt, ut hi facile rur&longs;us extrahi po&longs;&longs;int, ille auferri: <lb/>qui cùm aureus propter ramenta quæ adhæ&longs;erunt, e&longs;&longs;e apparuerit, in pro­<lb/>prio lauatur ua&longs;e: ramenta collecta in alueo: reliquæ res in uas deuolutæ <lb/>denuo in area.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>C<emph type="italics"/>aput areæ<emph.end type="italics"/> A. A<emph type="italics"/>rea<emph.end type="italics"/> B. P<emph type="italics"/>annus<emph.end type="italics"/> C. C<emph type="italics"/>analiculus<emph.end type="italics"/> D. <lb/>V<emph type="italics"/>as areæ &longs;ubiectum<emph.end type="italics"/> B. V<emph type="italics"/>as in quo pannus lauatur<emph.end type="italics"/> F.</s></p><pb pagenum="264"/><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Quidam in locum panni uiridis &longs;upponunt pannum &longs;e<gap/>is equinis arctè <lb/>contextum: cui plurimi &longs;unt noduli, leuiter à contextu ra&longs;i. </s> <s>Quia uerò hi ex­<lb/>tant & pannus e&longs;t a&longs;per, etiam minutula auri ramenta ad eum <expan abbr="adhær&etilde;t">adhærent</expan>: quæ <lb/>item in ua&longs;e aqua abluuntur.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>P<emph type="italics"/>annus nodulis plenus exten&longs;us<emph.end type="italics"/> A. N<emph type="italics"/>oduli magis con&longs;pi­<lb/>cui<emph.end type="italics"/> B. V<emph type="italics"/>as in quo pannus lauatur<emph.end type="italics"/> C.</s></p><pb pagenum="265"/><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Aliqui fabricantur aream non di&longs;&longs;imilem linteis exten&longs;is <expan abbr="cõtectæ">contectæ</expan>, minus <lb/>tamen longam. </s> <s>Linteorum <expan abbr="aũt">aunt</expan> loco ce&longs;pites continenter collocant: arenam <lb/>in areæ caput coniectam aqua immi&longs;&longs;a lauant: quo modo auri ramenta re&longs;i­<lb/>dent in ce&longs;pitibus, limus & arena &longs;imul cum aqua deferuntur in <expan abbr="lacũ">lacum</expan> uel ca­<lb/>nalem &longs;ubiectum: qui munere perfecto recluditur: <expan abbr="po&longs;tquã">po&longs;tquam</expan> omnis aqua ef­<lb/>fluxit, arena & limus auferuntur, et iterum i&longs;to modo lauantur. </s> <s>Ramenta ue <lb/>rò quæ ad ce&longs;pites adhæ&longs;erunt, maior aquarum uis, per canaliculum in <expan abbr="areã">aream</expan> <lb/>immi&longs;&longs;a defert in <expan abbr="lacũ">lacum</expan> uel canalem: ibi <expan abbr="tand&etilde;">tandem</expan> collecta in alueo lauatur. </s> <s>Hanc <lb/>auri lauandi rationem Plinius non ignorauit: ulex, inquit, &longs;iccatus uritur, & <lb/>cinis eius lauatur &longs;ub&longs;trato ce&longs;pite herbo&longs;o, ut &longs;idat aurum.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>A<emph type="italics"/>reæ caput<emph.end type="italics"/> A. C<emph type="italics"/>analiculus per quem aqua in areæ caput influit<emph.end type="italics"/> B. <lb/>C<emph type="italics"/>e&longs;pites<emph.end type="italics"/> C. L<emph type="italics"/>acus areæ &longs;ubiectus<emph.end type="italics"/> D. V<emph type="italics"/>as in quo lauantur ce&longs;pites<emph.end type="italics"/> E.</s></p><pb pagenum="266"/><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Quinetiam arenæ cum auri ramentis permi&longs;tæ lauantur in lacu&longs;culo, uel <lb/>in lacu, uel in alueo. </s> <s>Lacu&longs;culus, ex po&longs;teriore parte patens, aut ex arboris <lb/>trunco quadrangulo cauatur, aut ex a&longs;&longs;ere cra&longs;&longs;o, ad quem tabellæ eminen­<lb/>tes affiguntur, <expan abbr="cõficitur">conficitur</expan> longus pedes tres, latus &longs;e&longs;quipedem, altus digitos <lb/>tres: eius cauum in aluei altera parte angu&longs;ti figuram formatur: quam <expan abbr="part&etilde;">partem</expan> <lb/>angu&longs;tam ad caput conuertit: ad quod habet duo manubria longa, quibus <lb/>in riuo cur&longs;um uer&longs;us ducitur & reducitur: hoc modo lauatur arenula, &longs;iue <lb/>in ea fuerint auri ramenta, &longs;iue lapilli nigri, ex quibus plumbum candidum <lb/>conficitur.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>L<emph type="italics"/>acu&longs;culus<emph.end type="italics"/> A. C<emph type="italics"/>auum<emph.end type="italics"/> B. M<emph type="italics"/>anubria<emph.end type="italics"/> C.</s></p><pb pagenum="267"/><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Itali, qui &longs;e auri colligendi gratia ad Germaniæ montes conferunt, riuo­<lb/>rum arenas, cum auri ramentis & <expan abbr="carbũculis">carbunculis</expan>, maxime Carchedonijs mi&longs;tas, <lb/>lauant in longiu&longs;culo & humili lacu, ex una arbore cauato, intrin&longs;ecus & ex <lb/>trin&longs;ecus rotundato, ex altera parte patente, ex altera clau&longs;o: quem &longs;ic in riui <lb/>alueo infodiunt, ut aqua in eum non incidat, &longs;ed leuiter influat: arenam in i­<lb/>p&longs;um coniectam agitant rutro ligneo item rotundato: ne uerò ramenta uel <lb/><gap/>arbunculi &longs;imul cum leui arena effluant, eius apertam partem tabella &longs;imili <lb/><gap/>er rotundata, &longs;ed humiliore, quàm lacus cauum e&longs;t, occludunt. </s> <s>Auri autem <lb/><gap/>amenta uel carbunculos, qui unà cum pauca arena graui in lacu <expan abbr="re&longs;ederũt">re&longs;ederunt</expan>, <lb/><gap/>n alueo lauant, & in utres colligunt, ac &longs;ecum a&longs;portant.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>L<emph type="italics"/>acus<emph.end type="italics"/> A. E<emph type="italics"/>ius pars patens.<emph.end type="italics"/></s><s> B. E<emph type="italics"/>iu&longs;dem pars clau&longs;a<emph.end type="italics"/> C. <lb/>R<emph type="italics"/>iuus<emph.end type="italics"/> D. R<emph type="italics"/>utrum<emph.end type="italics"/> E. T<emph type="italics"/>abella<emph.end type="italics"/> F. V<emph type="italics"/>ter<emph.end type="italics"/> G.</s></p><pb pagenum="268"/><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Quidam id genus arenas in alueo lauant amplo: is in domicilio duobus <lb/>funiculis ex trabe &longs;u&longs;penditur, ut facile agitari po&longs;&longs;it: inque eum arena conijci <lb/>tur, & aqua infunditur. </s> <s>Deinde alueus agitatur: <expan abbr="tũ">tum</expan> aqua limo&longs;a effunditur, <lb/>rur&longs;usque infunditur pura: quod iterum atque iterum fit. </s> <s>Quo modo auri ra­<lb/>menta in po&longs;teriori aluei parte re&longs;ident, quod grauia &longs;int: arenæ in priore, <lb/>quod leues. </s> <s>Hæ autem abijciuntur, illa ad excoquendum <expan abbr="re&longs;eruãtur">re&longs;eruantur</expan>. </s> <s>Redit <lb/>uerò qui lauat &longs;ubinde ad opus: uerùm hac lauandi ratione metallici raro u­<lb/>tuntur, monetarij & aurifices &longs;æpe, cùm lauant aurum, <expan abbr="argentũ">argentum</expan>, æs. </s> <s>Sed eo­<lb/>rum alueus tres tantummodo habet an&longs;as: quarum unam, cùm alueum agi­<lb/>tant, manibus <expan abbr="prehendũt">prehendunt</expan>: in reliquas duas unicus funiculus includitur: quo <lb/>ille &longs;u&longs;penditur de trabe, uel de &longs;tipite, quem &longs;u&longs;tinent chelæ duorum &longs;tipi­<lb/>tum &longs;tatutorum & in terra defixorum. </s> <s>At metallici in alueo paruo experi­<lb/>menti gratia frequenter lauant uenas. </s> <s>Is autem, cùm agitatur, in manibus te­<lb/>netur, & &longs;æpe altera manu concutitur: alioqui hæc lauandi ratio ab illa non <lb/>differt.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>A<emph type="italics"/>lueus amplus<emph.end type="italics"/> A. F<emph type="italics"/>uniculi<emph.end type="italics"/> B. T<emph type="italics"/>rabs<emph.end type="italics"/> C. A<emph type="italics"/>lueus alter <lb/>amplus quo monetarij utuntur<emph.end type="italics"/> D. A<emph type="italics"/>lueus paruus<emph.end type="italics"/> E.</s></p><pb pagenum="269"/><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Dixi de uarijs arenæ, in qua auri <expan abbr="ram&etilde;ta">ramenta</expan> in&longs;unt, <expan abbr="lauãdæ">lauandæ</expan> rationib. </s> <s><expan abbr="nũc">nunc</expan> <expan abbr="dicã">dicam</expan> <lb/>de materiæ permi&longs;tæ <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> lapillis nigris, ex quib. </s> <s><expan abbr="plumbũ">plumbum</expan> <expan abbr="candidũ">candidum</expan> conficitur, <lb/><expan abbr="lauãdæ">lauandæ</expan> rationib. </s> <s><expan abbr="quarũ">quarum</expan> octo &longs;unt u&longs;itatæ: atque ex his duæ nuper <expan abbr="inu&etilde;tæ">inuentæ</expan>. </s> <s>Ta <lb/>lis <expan abbr="aũt">aunt</expan> materia metallica <expan abbr="plerũque">plerunque</expan> à uenis & fibris impetu <expan abbr="aquarũ">aquarum</expan> abrepta lon <lb/>gè lateque reperitur: et&longs;i <expan abbr="interdũ">interdum</expan> uenæ dilatatæ ex <expan abbr="ead&etilde;">eadem</expan> con&longs;tant: <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> <lb/>fo&longs;&longs;ores ligonib. </s> <s>latis <expan abbr="eruũt">eruunt</expan>, hanc cu&longs;pidatis <expan abbr="effodiũt">effodiunt</expan>: &longs;ed anatis ro&longs;tro &longs;imili <lb/>bus <expan abbr="excindũt">excindunt</expan> lapillorum <expan abbr="expert&etilde;">expertem</expan>: quæ <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> raro in id genus uenis reperiri &longs;o­<lb/>let. </s> <s><expan abbr="Verũ">Verum</expan> in locis, qui <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> <expan abbr="cõtin&etilde;t">continent</expan>, &longs;i abundauerint aquis, & ualle&longs;tres aut mol <lb/>liter deuexi & <expan abbr="cõcaui">concaui</expan> fuerint, ut riui in eos deduci po&longs;&longs;int, lotores æ&longs;tiuis di <lb/>ebus primo <expan abbr="fo&longs;sã">fo&longs;sam</expan> <expan abbr="agũt">agunt</expan> <expan abbr="longã">longam</expan> & <expan abbr="decliu&etilde;">decliuem</expan>, ut aquæ <expan abbr="permanãtes">permanantes</expan> rapidè <expan abbr="ferãtur">ferantur</expan>. </s> <s><lb/>Deinde <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> <expan abbr="metallicã">metallicam</expan> fo&longs;&longs;a acta <expan abbr="detectã">detectam</expan> unà <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> cute, quæ alta e&longs;t pedes <lb/>plus minus &longs;ex, & <expan abbr="coagm&etilde;tata">coagmentata</expan> <expan abbr="cõ&longs;tat">con&longs;tat</expan> ex mu&longs;co, ex radicib. </s> <s><expan abbr="herbarũ">herbarum</expan>, <expan abbr="fruticũ">fruticum</expan>, <lb/><expan abbr="arborũ">arborum</expan>, ex terra, utrinque ligonib. </s> <s>latis <expan abbr="fodiũt">fodiunt</expan>, et in aquas, quæ <expan abbr="manãt">manant</expan> per fo&longs;­<lb/>&longs;am, <expan abbr="deijciũt">deijciunt</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Tũ">Tum</expan> arenæ & lapilli nigri, quod graues &longs;int, in fundo fo&longs;&longs;æ <expan abbr="re&longs;i-d&etilde;t">re&longs;i­<lb/>dent</expan>: <expan abbr="mu&longs;cũ">mu&longs;cum</expan> et radices, &qring;d leues, aquæ ex fo&longs;&longs;a <expan abbr="deflu&etilde;tes">defluentes</expan> <expan abbr="rapiũt">rapiunt</expan>. </s> <s>Ne uerò &longs;imul <lb/><expan abbr="rapiãt">rapiant</expan> lapillos nigros <expan abbr="infimũ">infimum</expan> fo&longs;&longs;æ ce&longs;pitib. </s> <s>& lapidib. </s> <s>ob&longs;truitur: at ip&longs;i lo­<lb/>tores, <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> pedes <expan abbr="tegũtur">teguntur</expan> altis peronibus ex corio, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="tam&etilde;">tamen</expan> crudo, factis, <lb/>&longs;tant in fo&longs;&longs;a, & radices <expan abbr="arborũ">arborum</expan> <expan abbr="fruticũ">fruticum</expan> <expan abbr="herbarũ">herbarum</expan> ligneis furcis &longs;epticornibus <lb/>ex ea <expan abbr="eijciũt">eijciunt</expan>: atque lapillos nigros ad caput fo&longs;&longs;æ <expan abbr="repellũt">repellunt</expan>. </s> <s>Po&longs;tque &longs;pacio qua <lb/>tuor <expan abbr="hebdomadarũ">hebdomadarum</expan> in hac re <expan abbr="cõ&longs;ump&longs;erint">con&longs;ump&longs;erint</expan> <expan abbr="multũ">multum</expan> operæ & laboris, i&longs;to mo <lb/>do <expan abbr="tollũt">tollunt</expan> lapillos nigros: <expan abbr="arenã">arenam</expan> <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> ip&longs;is <expan abbr="mi&longs;tã">mi&longs;tam</expan> <expan abbr="identid&etilde;">identidem</expan> ex fo&longs;&longs;a batillis ferreis <lb/>&longs;ublatam huc & illuc in aquis agitant u&longs;que dum arena ex eis defluat & deci­<lb/>dat in fo&longs;&longs;am, &longs;oli lapilli nigri re&longs;tent: quos omnes collectos rur&longs;us in lacu­<pb pagenum="270"/>&longs;culo &longs;ur&longs;um uer&longs;us bat<gap/>llo ligneo agitatos & conuer&longs;os lauant: ut arena re­<lb/>liqua ab eis &longs;ecernatur. </s> <s>Po&longs;tea &longs;emper ad eundem laborem redeunt, donec <lb/>eos materia metallica deficiat, uel riui in fo&longs;&longs;as agendas deduci non po&longs;sint.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>R<emph type="italics"/>iuus<emph.end type="italics"/> A. F<emph type="italics"/>o&longs;&longs;a<emph.end type="italics"/> B. L<emph type="italics"/>igo<emph.end type="italics"/> C. C<emph type="italics"/>e&longs;pites<emph.end type="italics"/> D. F<emph type="italics"/>urca &longs;eptic ornis<emph.end type="italics"/> E. B<emph type="italics"/>atillum ferreum<emph.end type="italics"/> F. <lb/>L<emph type="italics"/>acu&longs;culus<emph.end type="italics"/> G. A<emph type="italics"/>lter lacu&longs;culus ei&longs;ubiectus<emph.end type="italics"/> H. B<emph type="italics"/>atillum paruum ligneum<emph.end type="italics"/> I.</s></p><figure></figure><pb pagenum="271"/><p type="main"> <s>Lacu&longs;culus <expan abbr="aũt">aunt</expan> i&longs;te ex unius arboris <expan abbr="trũco">trunco</expan> cauatur: cuius pars caua longa <lb/>e&longs;t pedes v. </s> <s>alta dodrantem, lata digitos VI. </s> <s>Is ut decliuis &longs;it, collocatur, eique<lb/>&longs;ubijcitur uas, quod abiegnos ramos <expan abbr="cõuolutos">conuolutos</expan> in &longs;e <expan abbr="cõtinet">continet</expan>, uel alter lacu­<lb/>&longs;culus, cuius pars caua longa e&longs;t pedes tres, alta & lata <expan abbr="ped&etilde;">pedem</expan>: in cuius fundo <lb/>minuti lapilli, qui &longs;imul <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> aqua <expan abbr="effluxerũt">effluxerunt</expan>, re&longs;ident. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quidã">Quidam</expan> in lacu&longs;culi <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> <lb/><expan abbr="&longs;upponũt">&longs;upponunt</expan> <expan abbr="canal&etilde;">canalem</expan> <expan abbr="quadrangulũ">quadrangulum</expan>: in quo &longs;imiliter ligneo batillo paruo, lapil­<lb/>los &longs;ur&longs;um uer&longs;us agitatos & conuer&longs;os lauant. </s> <s>Lacu&longs;culo &longs;ubijcitur canalis <lb/><expan abbr="trã&longs;uer&longs;us">tran&longs;uer&longs;us</expan>: qui altera parte uel apertus exonerat in uas aut <expan abbr="lacu&longs;culũ">lacu&longs;culum</expan>, uel clau <lb/>&longs;us & in medio perforatus in <expan abbr="&longs;ubiectã">&longs;ubiectam</expan> fo&longs;&longs;am, quo modo aqua turbine <expan abbr="ali-quãtũ">ali­<lb/>quantum</expan> extracto recta in <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> decidit. </s> <s>Hæc uerò fo&longs;&longs;a qualis &longs;it, <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> dicturus &longs;um.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>L<emph type="italics"/>acu&longs;culus<emph.end type="italics"/> A. B<emph type="italics"/>atillum ligneum<emph.end type="italics"/> B. V<emph type="italics"/>as<emph.end type="italics"/> C. C<emph type="italics"/>analis<emph.end type="italics"/> D. B<emph type="italics"/>atillum ligneum <expan abbr="paruũ">paruum</expan><emph.end type="italics"/> E. <lb/>C<emph type="italics"/>analis tran&longs;uer&longs;us<emph.end type="italics"/> F. T<emph type="italics"/>urbo<emph.end type="italics"/> G. A<emph type="italics"/>qua decidens<emph.end type="italics"/> H. F<emph type="italics"/>o&longs;&longs;a<emph.end type="italics"/> I. C<emph type="italics"/>i&longs;io aduehens mate­<lb/>riam <expan abbr="lauandã">lauandam</expan><emph.end type="italics"/> K. L<emph type="italics"/>igo &longs;imilis ro&longs;tro anatis, quo fo&longs;&longs;or <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> <expan abbr="lapillorũ">lapillorum</expan> <expan abbr="expert&etilde;">expertem</expan> excindit<emph.end type="italics"/> L.</s></p><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Sin <expan abbr="aũt">aunt</expan> locus <expan abbr="aquarũ">aquarum</expan> <expan abbr="copiã">copiam</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> &longs;uppeditauerit, lotores fo&longs;&longs;am <expan abbr="agũt">agunt</expan> pedes <lb/>XXX. uel XXXVI. longam: cuius <expan abbr="&longs;olũ">&longs;olum</expan> <expan abbr="&longs;ternũt">&longs;ternunt</expan> <expan abbr="eiu&longs;d&etilde;">eiu&longs;dem</expan> longitudinis arborib. </s> <s><lb/>inter &longs;e <expan abbr="coagm&etilde;tatis">coagmentatis</expan>, & <expan abbr="tabularũ">tabularum</expan> modo planis &longs;upina parte factis. </s> <s>Ad <expan abbr="utrũqueetiã">utrunque<lb/>etiam</expan> fo&longs;&longs;æ latus, & eius caput quatuor arbores collocant, & alias &longs;uper alias <lb/><expan abbr="imponũt">imponunt</expan>: quæ <expan abbr="o&etilde;s">oens</expan>, qua ad <expan abbr="cauũ">cauum</expan> <expan abbr="cõuer&longs;æ">conuer&longs;æ</expan> &longs;unt, <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> planæ <expan abbr="exi&longs;tũt">exi&longs;tunt</expan>. </s> <s>Sed quia ar <lb/>bores in laterib. </s> <s>obliquè <expan abbr="collocãt">collocant</expan>, fo&longs;&longs;æ <expan abbr="&longs;upremũ">&longs;upremum</expan> fit quatuor pedes <expan abbr="latũ">latum</expan>, in­<pb pagenum="272"/><expan abbr="fimũ">fimum</expan> duos. </s> <s>Ecanali uerò aqua alte defluit prius in abiegnos ramos <expan abbr="cõuolu-tos">conuolu­<lb/>tos</expan>, ut recta & ferè iunctim decidere, &longs;uaque grauitate glebas di&longs;&longs;ipare po&longs;&longs;i<gap/><lb/>quanque aliqui ramos canali <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="&longs;ubijciũt">&longs;ubijciunt</expan>, &longs;ed in eius foramen <expan abbr="imponũt">imponunt</expan> tu<gap/><lb/>nem: qui, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <expan abbr="canal&etilde;">canalem</expan> omnino <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> claudat, nec ex eo <expan abbr="effluuiũ">effluuium</expan> pror&longs;us impedit, <lb/>nec <expan abbr="aquã">aquam</expan> longius &longs;init rapi, &longs;ed recta delabi cogit. </s> <s>Operarius <expan abbr="aũt">aunt</expan> <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> <expan abbr="la-uandã">la­<lb/>uandam</expan> ci&longs;io aduehit, & in fo&longs;&longs;am <expan abbr="cõijcit">conijcit</expan>: lotor in fo&longs;&longs;a ferè &longs;uprema &longs;tans gle <lb/>bas di&longs;&longs;ipat furca &longs;epticorni, eaque radices <expan abbr="arborũ">arborum</expan>, <expan abbr="fruticũ">fruticum</expan>, <expan abbr="herbarũ">herbarum</expan> ex ip&longs;a eij­<lb/>cit: quo modo lapilli nigri &longs;idunt: qui <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> multi fuerint collecti, &qring;d plerunque<lb/>fit po&longs;tque lotor <expan abbr="di&etilde;">diem</expan> in <expan abbr="hũc">hunc</expan> laborem in&longs;ump&longs;erit, tum ad eos ne defluant, are­<lb/>nam apponit, ac materia rur&longs;us in fo&longs;&longs;am <expan abbr="&longs;upremã">&longs;upremam</expan> iniecta idem lauandi mu­<lb/>nus exequitur. </s> <s>In infima uerò fo&longs;&longs;a &longs;tat adole&longs;cens atque ligone tenui & cu&longs;pi <lb/>dato in id, quod ibidem &longs;ub&longs;edit, infixo ip&longs;um &longs;ubleuat, ne lapilli aqua rapti <lb/>deuoluantur: quod fit, cùm id, quod &longs;ub&longs;edit, tam multum fuerit, ut etiam a­<lb/>biegnos ramos, quibus fo&longs;&longs;æ exitus ob&longs;truitur, contegant.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>C<emph type="italics"/>analis<emph.end type="italics"/> A. A<emph type="italics"/>biegni rami conuoluti<emph.end type="italics"/> B. A<emph type="italics"/>rbores unius lateris tres: nam quarta, quod <lb/>fo&longs;&longs;a tam alte materia iam lauata &longs;it completa, uideri non pote&longs;t<emph.end type="italics"/> C. A<emph type="italics"/>rbores <lb/>cipitis<emph.end type="italics"/> D. C<emph type="italics"/>i&longs;ium<emph.end type="italics"/> E. F<emph type="italics"/>urca &longs;epticornis<emph.end type="italics"/> F. L<emph type="italics"/>igo<emph.end type="italics"/> G.</s></p><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Tertia i&longs;tiu&longs;modi materiæ lauandæ ratio &longs;ic &longs;e habet. </s> <s>Canales duo con­<pb pagenum="273"/>&longs;truuntur: quorum uterque longus e&longs;t pedes duodecim, latus & altus &longs;e&longs;qui­<lb/>pedem. </s> <s>Ad eorum capita locatur lacu&longs;culus, in quem aqua per canaliculum <lb/>influit: in alterum canalem adole&longs;cens uenam, &longs;i pauper fuerit, multam: &longs;i di­<lb/>ues, minus multam conijcit: inque eum aquam turbine uel ligno tereti extra­<lb/>cto immittit: ac ip&longs;am uenam batillo ligneo agitat: quo modo lapilli <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> gra<lb/>ui materia permi&longs;ti &longs;ub&longs;idunt in canalis fundo, leuem aqua rapit in canalem <lb/>&longs;ubiectum, per quem influit in aream linteis exten&longs;is contectam: in quibus <lb/>lapilli minutuli, quos rapuit aqua, <expan abbr="&longs;ub&longs;idũt">&longs;ub&longs;idunt</expan> & puri fiunt. </s> <s>In canalem quoque, <lb/>po&longs;t eius partem &longs;upremam imponit tabellam humilem, ut maiu&longs;culi lapilli <lb/>ibidem re&longs;ideant. </s> <s>Quàm primum autem canalis materia lauata fuerit reple­<lb/>tus, claudit os lacu&longs;culi, & in altero canali idem lauandi munus exequitur. </s> <s><lb/>Canalis uerò repleti latera malleo ligneo, po&longs;tquam aqua turbine extracto <lb/>defluxit in lacu&longs;culum ei <expan abbr="&longs;ubiectũ">&longs;ubiectum</expan>, percutit, ut id, quod ad ip&longs;a adhæret, de­<lb/>cidat. </s> <s>Quod autem in ip&longs;o &longs;ub&longs;edit, id batillo ligneo, cui <expan abbr="manubriũ">manubrium</expan> e&longs;t cur­<lb/>tum, eijcit: quinetiam in i&longs;tius generis canali recrementa argenti tu&longs;a pilis la <lb/>uantur, atque &longs;tannum & particulæ panis, ex pyrite conflati, &longs;idunt.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>C<emph type="italics"/>anales<emph.end type="italics"/> A. L<emph type="italics"/>acu&longs;culus<emph.end type="italics"/> B. C<emph type="italics"/>analiculus<emph.end type="italics"/> C. L<emph type="italics"/>ignum teres<emph.end type="italics"/> D. <lb/>B<emph type="italics"/>atillum ligneum<emph.end type="italics"/> E. M<emph type="italics"/>alleus ligneus<emph.end type="italics"/> F. B<emph type="italics"/>atillum ligneum cui <lb/>manubrium curtum<emph.end type="italics"/> G. T<emph type="italics"/>urbo in canali defixus<emph.end type="italics"/> H. <lb/>L<emph type="italics"/>acu&longs;culus ei &longs;ubiectus<emph.end type="italics"/> I.</s></p><figure></figure><pb pagenum="274"/><p type="main"> <s>Materia talis in&longs;uper uda lauatur in cribro, cuius fundum e&longs;t ferreis filis <lb/>contextum: atque hæc quarta <expan abbr="lauãdi">lauandi</expan> ratio e&longs;t. </s> <s>Cribrum autem in aquam, <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> <lb/>uas in &longs;e continet, immi&longs;&longs;um conqua&longs;&longs;atur: cuius ua&longs;is fundum tam <expan abbr="magnũ">magnum</expan> <lb/>habet foramen, ut tantum aquæ, cum eo, quod cribrum tran&longs;mittit, permi­<lb/>&longs;tæ, continenter ex ip&longs;o effluere po&longs;&longs;it, quantum influit: id, quod in canali <lb/>&longs;ub&longs;edit, adole&longs;cens uel ferreo ra&longs;tro tridenti eruit, uel rutro ligneo uerrit: <lb/>quo modo aqua magnam tam arenæ, <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> limi <expan abbr="part&etilde;">partem</expan> rapit: lapilli nigri uel <lb/><expan abbr="metallorũ">metallorum</expan> <expan abbr="ram&etilde;ta">ramenta</expan> re&longs;ident in canali: quæ po&longs;tea in canali deuexo lauantur.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>C<emph type="italics"/>ribrum<emph.end type="italics"/> A. V<emph type="italics"/>as<emph.end type="italics"/> B. A<emph type="italics"/>qua ex eius fundo effluens<emph.end type="italics"/> C. <lb/>C<emph type="italics"/>analis<emph.end type="italics"/> D. R<emph type="italics"/>a&longs;trum tridens<emph.end type="italics"/> E. R<emph type="italics"/>utrum ligneum<emph.end type="italics"/> F.</s></p><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Hæ ueteres materiæ, quæ nigros lapillos in &longs;e <expan abbr="cõtinet">continet</expan>, lauandæ rationes <lb/>&longs;unt: <expan abbr="&longs;equũtur">&longs;equuntur</expan> duæ nouæ. </s> <s>Si lapilli nigri, cum terra uel arena <expan abbr="cõmi&longs;ti">commi&longs;ti</expan>, in de­<lb/>uexa montis uel collis parte <expan abbr="reperiũtur">reperiuntur</expan>, aut in campi planicie, quæ uel riuis <lb/>caret, uel in quam riuus deduci non pote&longs;t, i&longs;ta lauandi ratione metallici nu <lb/>per uti cœperunt etiam hybernis men&longs;ibus: cap&longs;a patens ex a&longs;&longs;eribus confi­<lb/>citur longa circiter pedes &longs;ex: lata tres: alta duos & palmum: in cuius parte <pb pagenum="275"/>po&longs;teriore intus ad altitudinem pedis unius & &longs;emi&longs;&longs;is infigitur lamina fer­<lb/>rea longa & lata pedes tres, ac foraminum, per quæ lapilli, maiores <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> erui <lb/>&longs;emina, penetrare & decidere po&longs;&longs;int, pleni&longs;&longs;ima. </s> <s>Cap&longs;æ autem &longs;ubijcitur ca <lb/>nalis, ex una arbore cauatus, longus circiter pedes quatuor & uiginti, altus <lb/>& latus dodrantem: quem plerunque tres tabellæ, in eum impo&longs;itæ, interual­<lb/>lis <expan abbr="di&longs;tinguũt">di&longs;tinguunt</expan>: quarum alia altior e&longs;t: &longs;ed turbidas ex ip&longs;o defluentes, rur&longs;us <lb/>excipit lacus. </s> <s>At materia metallica <expan abbr="interdũ">interdum</expan> &longs;ub terræ cute altius reperiri non <lb/>&longs;olet, interdum uerò tam alte, ut & cuniculos agere & puteos fodere nece&longs;&longs;e <lb/>&longs;it: ea ci&longs;ijs ad cap&longs;am aduehitur: cùm iam lauaturi &longs;unt, canaliculum collo­<lb/>cant: per quem tantum aquæ, quantum ad loturam &longs;atis e&longs;t, in laminam fer­<lb/>ream influit: in quam mox adole&longs;cens materiam metallicam batillo ferreo <lb/>conijcit: ac ma&longs;&longs;ulas eodem huc & illuc agitans di&longs;&longs;ipat: tum aqua & arena <lb/>per laminæ foramina penetrantes decidunt in cap&longs;am. </s> <s>Quod uerò cra&longs;&longs;um <lb/>e&longs;t, in lamina re&longs;tat: id eodem batillo in ci&longs;ium inijcit. </s> <s>Interea alter <expan abbr="adole&longs;c&etilde;s">adole&longs;cens</expan> <lb/>minor natu <expan abbr="arenã">arenam</expan> &longs;ub lamina rutro ligneo, ferè tam lato quàm cap&longs;a e&longs;t, cre­<lb/>bro trudit, & in &longs;upremam cap&longs;am pellit: quod leue e&longs;t aqua defert in &longs;ubie­<lb/>ctum canalem: quanquam paucos etiam lapillos nigros: <expan abbr="hũc">hunc</expan> laborem ado­<lb/>le&longs;centes continenter &longs;u&longs;tinent, quoad quatuor ci&longs;ia, uel, &longs;i materia diues la­<lb/>pillorum <expan abbr="nigrorũ">nigrorum</expan> fuerit, tria rebus cra&longs;&longs;is & inanibus repleuerint: quæ de­<lb/>uehunt & proijciunt: tum præ&longs;es laboris a&longs;&longs;ere, in quo ante laminam &longs;ito a­<lb/>dole&longs;cens &longs;tabat, &longs;ublato arenam cum lapillis permi&longs;tam crebro &longs;ur&longs;um & <lb/>deor&longs;um rutro trudit, & eodem arenam, quæ, quod leuior &longs;it quàm lapilli, <lb/>&longs;uperiorem locum tenet, de eis detrahit ut <expan abbr="appareãt">appareant</expan>: quos rutro in priorem <lb/>cap&longs;æ partem tractos batillo euertit, ut etiam tunc, quod leue e&longs;t, defluere <lb/>po&longs;&longs;it. </s> <s>Mox omnes coaceruatos ex cap&longs;a eijcit & aufert. </s> <s>Hæc dum præ&longs;es <lb/>agit, alter <expan abbr="adole&longs;c&etilde;s">adole&longs;cens</expan> interea arenam cum lapillis nigris mi&longs;tam, quæ ex cap&longs;a <lb/>defluens in canali re&longs;edit, rutro ferreo agitat, & retro ad &longs;upremam canalis <lb/>partem trudit: quæ, quod plurimos lapillos nigros in &longs;e contineat, rur&longs;us <lb/>in laminam coniecta lauatur: at ea quæ in infima canalis parte re&longs;edit, &longs;epara <lb/>tim eiecta cumulatur, & in canali deuexo lauatur: quæ uerò in lacu, in area <lb/>linteis exten&longs;is <expan abbr="cõtecta">contecta</expan>. </s> <s>Omnis hic labor fructuo&longs;us æ&longs;tiuis diebus &longs;æpius, <lb/>nempe decies aut undecies iteratur. </s> <s>Sed lapilli nigri, quos præ&longs;es ex cap&longs;a <lb/>eijcit, deinde in cribro angu&longs;to <gap/><expan abbr="auãtur">auantur</expan>, po&longs;tremò in lacu&longs;culo, ubi tandem <lb/>omnit arena ab eis &longs;eparatur. </s> <s>Quinetiam omnibus his rationibus materiæ <lb/>mi&longs;tæ cum ramentis aliorum metallorum, &longs;iue ea fuerint à uenis & fibris ab <lb/>repta, &longs;iue in uenis dilatatis ad riuos & fluuios orta, lauari po&longs;&longs;unt.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>C<emph type="italics"/>ap&longs;a<emph.end type="italics"/> A. L<emph type="italics"/>amina<emph.end type="italics"/> B. C<emph type="italics"/>analis<emph.end type="italics"/> C. T<emph type="italics"/>abellæ<emph.end type="italics"/> D. <lb/>L<emph type="italics"/>acus<emph.end type="italics"/> E. C<emph type="italics"/>analiculus<emph.end type="italics"/> F. B<emph type="italics"/>atillum<emph.end type="italics"/> G. R<emph type="italics"/>a&longs;trum<emph.end type="italics"/> H.</s></p><pb pagenum="276"/><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Hac etiam recentior & utilior e&longs;t &longs;exta talis materiæ lauandæ ratio: duæ <lb/>conficiuntur cap&longs;æ: in quarum utranque aqua per <expan abbr="canaliculũ">canaliculum</expan> influit, è canali <pb pagenum="277"/>tran&longs;uer&longs;o, in quem fi&longs;tula uel canaliculus eam deferens exonerat, deducta: <lb/>materiæ batillis ferreis à duobus adole&longs;centibus agitatæ & concu&longs;&longs;æ pars, <lb/>quæ per ferreas laminas <expan abbr="foraminũ">foraminum</expan> plenas uel ferreos cancellos <expan abbr="penetrãs">penetrans</expan> de­<lb/>eidit, ex cap&longs;a in obliquis canalibus defluit in alterum <expan abbr="canal&etilde;">canalem</expan> tran&longs;uer&longs;um, <lb/>& ex eo in aream longam pedes &longs;eptem, latam duos & dimidium: in qua ru <lb/>tro ligneo à præ&longs;ide rur&longs;us agitatur, ut pura fiat: id <expan abbr="aut&etilde;">autem</expan>, quod cum aqua de­<lb/>lap&longs;um in &longs;ubiecto canali <expan abbr="trã&longs;uer&longs;o">tran&longs;uer&longs;o</expan>, uel in recto, qui ip&longs;um excipit, &longs;ub&longs;edit, <lb/>tertius adole&longs;cens ra&longs;tro bidenti radit: quo modo lapilli &longs;idunt, arenam ina­<lb/>nem aqua rapit in riuum. </s> <s>Vtilior uerò hæc lauandi ratio e&longs;t: nam quatuor <lb/>homines munus in duabus cap&longs;is lauandi exequi po&longs;&longs;unt, eùm proxima ge <lb/>minata &longs;ex requirat: duos enim adole&longs;centes, qui <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> lauandam in lami­<lb/>nas inijciant, & batillis ferreis agitent: duos item, qui arenam cum lapillis ni <lb/>gris mi&longs;tam &longs;ub lamina rutris ligneis crebro trudant, & in &longs;upremam cap&longs;æ <lb/>partem pellant: duos præ&longs;ides, qui lapillos nigros eo, quo dixi, modo pu­<lb/>ros faciant. </s> <s>Verùm laminæ foraminum plenæ loco nunc in cap&longs;is infigunt <lb/>cancellos, qui ex ferreis filis tam cra&longs;&longs;is, quàm &longs;ecalis calamus e&longs;t, con&longs;tant: <lb/>ne uerò depre&longs;&longs;i pondere &longs;inuo&longs;i fiant, eos tria bacilla ferrea, quæ ip&longs;is tran&longs; <lb/>uer&longs;a &longs;ub&longs;ternuntur, &longs;u&longs;tinent: ne batillis ferreis, quibus agitatur materia la <lb/>uanda, atterantur, eis quinque uel &longs;ex bacilla ferrea &longs;uperimponuntur recta, <lb/>& ad cap&longs;am affiguntur, ut batilla potius ea quàm cancellos atterant: qui ea <lb/>de cau&longs;a diutius quàm laminæ durant: ip&longs;i certe integri manent, atque etiam <lb/>in bacillorum attritorum locum alia facile reponi po&longs;&longs;unt.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>C<emph type="italics"/>analiculus<emph.end type="italics"/> A. C<emph type="italics"/>analis tran&longs;uer&longs;us<emph.end type="italics"/> B. A<emph type="italics"/>lij duo canaliculi<emph.end type="italics"/> C. <lb/>C<emph type="italics"/>ap&longs;æ<emph.end type="italics"/> D. L<emph type="italics"/>amina<emph.end type="italics"/> E. C<emph type="italics"/>ancelli<emph.end type="italics"/> F. B<emph type="italics"/>atilla<emph.end type="italics"/> G. A<emph type="italics"/>lter canalis <lb/>tran&longs;uer&longs;us<emph.end type="italics"/> H. A<emph type="italics"/>rea<emph.end type="italics"/> I. R<emph type="italics"/>utrum ligneum<emph.end type="italics"/> K. T<emph type="italics"/>ertius <lb/>canalis tran&longs;uer&longs;us<emph.end type="italics"/> L. C<emph type="italics"/>analis rectus<emph.end type="italics"/> M. <lb/>R<emph type="italics"/>a&longs;trum tridens<emph.end type="italics"/> N.</s></p><pb pagenum="278"/><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Septima lauandi ratione lotores utuntur, cùm mons eo loco, quo in &longs;e <expan abbr="cõ">com</expan> <lb/>tinet lapillos nigros, uel auri aliorumúe <expan abbr="metallorũ">metallorum</expan> ramenta, riuo caret. </s> <s><expan abbr="Tũc">Tunc</expan> <lb/>enim lotores, in decliui, quæ ei &longs;ubijcitur, parte fo&longs;&longs;as &longs;æpius plures quàm <lb/>quinquaginta agunt, uel totidem lacus faciunt, longos pedes &longs;ex, latos tres, <lb/>altos dodrantem: quorum alius ab alio <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ita longo interuallo di&longs;tet: itaque<lb/>his temporibus, quibus torrens ex magnis & diuturnis imbribus ortus fer­<lb/>tur per montem, lotorum alij in &longs;ylua materiam metallicam ligonibus latis <lb/>fodiunt & in torrentem trahunt: alij torrentem in fo&longs;&longs;as uellacus deriuant: <lb/>alij radices arborum, <expan abbr="fruticũ">fruticum</expan>, herbarum ex fo&longs;&longs;is uel lacubus, ligneis furcis <lb/>&longs;epticornibus eijciunt. </s> <s>Po&longs;t quam uerò torrens delap&longs;us e&longs;t, lapillos nigros, <lb/>uel metallorum ramenta, quæ in fo&longs;&longs;is aut lacubus impura re&longs;ederunt, batil <lb/>lo exemptos faciunt puros.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>L<emph type="italics"/>acus<emph.end type="italics"/> A. T<emph type="italics"/>orrens<emph.end type="italics"/> B. F<emph type="italics"/>urca&longs;epticornis<emph.end type="italics"/> C. B<emph type="italics"/>atillum<emph.end type="italics"/> D.</s></p><pb pagenum="279"/><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Octaua ratio proximæ <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> multum di&longs;&longs;imilis, etiam in regionibus, quas <lb/>Lu&longs;itani in &longs;ua pote&longs;tate & ditione tenent, e&longs;t u&longs;itata. </s> <s>In montium charadris <lb/>& deuexis atque concauis locis ex ordine plures fo&longs;&longs;as profundas agunt: in <lb/>quas aquæ uel ex niuibus &longs;olis calore liquefactis & delap&longs;is, uel ex imbri­<lb/>bus collectæ &longs;imul cum terris & arenis rapiunt, apud alios lapillos nigros, <lb/>apud Lu&longs;itanos auri ramenta à uenis fibrisque re&longs;oluta: quæ <expan abbr="quàmprimũ">quàmprimum</expan> a­<lb/>quæ torrentis omnes defluxerint, lotores ex fo&longs;&longs;is eijciunt batillis ferreis, & <lb/>lauant in area trita.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>M<emph type="italics"/>ontis charadri<emph.end type="italics"/> A. F<emph type="italics"/>o&longs;&longs;æ<emph.end type="italics"/> B. T<emph type="italics"/>orrens<emph.end type="italics"/> C. <lb/>A<emph type="italics"/>rea<emph.end type="italics"/> L<emph type="italics"/>u&longs;itanorum<emph.end type="italics"/> D.</s></p><pb pagenum="280"/><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>At Poloni in canali longo pedes decem, lato tres: alto unum & quadran <lb/>tem, lauant impuram plumbi nigri uenam dilatatam: etenim cum terra ferè <lb/>lutea e&longs;t permi&longs;ta, quam argilla tegit uda & areno&longs;a. </s> <s>Itaque ea prius, uena po­<lb/>&longs;terius effoditur, quam ad riuum uel <expan abbr="flum&etilde;">flumen</expan> aduectam, & in canalem, in <expan abbr="qu&etilde;">quem</expan> <lb/>aqua canaliculo immittitur, coniectam lotor inferiori canalis parti in&longs;i&longs;tens <lb/>eruit rutro angu&longs;to & ferme cu&longs;pidato: cuius ligneum manubrium ad pe­<lb/>des decem longum e&longs;t: quo modo aqua terram rapit in <expan abbr="riuũ">riuum</expan> uel flumen, ga­<lb/>lena in canali &longs;ub&longs;idit: eam denuo &longs;emel aut bis eodem modo lauatam facit <lb/>puram: deinde &longs;ole &longs;iccatam in æneum cribrum inijcit: atque minutulam, <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> <lb/><expan abbr="trã&longs;mittit">tran&longs;mittit</expan>, à maiu&longs;cula &longs;eparat: <expan abbr="quarũ">quarum</expan> hæc in crate, illa in fornace ex coquitur.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>C<emph type="italics"/>analis<emph.end type="italics"/> A. C<emph type="italics"/>analiculus<emph.end type="italics"/> B. R<emph type="italics"/>utrum<emph.end type="italics"/> C. C<emph type="italics"/>ribr<gap/>m<emph.end type="italics"/> D.</s></p><pb pagenum="281"/><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Atque tot &longs;unt i&longs;tius generis lauandi rationes: torrendi uerò una poti&longs;&longs;i­<lb/>mum u&longs;itata, duæ cremandi: lapilli nigri ignis ardore torrentur: & quidem <lb/>in fornace &longs;imillima furno. </s> <s>Torrentur autem &longs;i cæruleus color ip&longs;is in&longs;ede­<lb/>rit: uel pyrites, & lapis ex quo ferrum <expan abbr="cõficitur">conficitur</expan>, cum eis fuerint permi&longs;ti. </s> <s>Ete <lb/>nim cærulei non to&longs;ti plumbum <expan abbr="cõ&longs;umunt">con&longs;umunt</expan>: pyrites & alter lapis ni&longs;i in i&longs;ti­<lb/>u&longs;modi fornace in fumum euane&longs;cant, plumbum candidum, ex lapillis ni­<lb/>gris confectum, maculo&longs;um fit. </s> <s>Lapilli uerò inijciuntur uel in po&longs;teriorem <lb/>fornacis partem, uel in <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> eius latus: illo modo ligna ponuntur ante eos, <lb/>hoc prope: &longs;ic <expan abbr="tam&etilde;">tamen</expan> ut neque titiones neque carbones in ip&longs;os lapillos <expan abbr="incidãt">incidant</expan>, <lb/>aut eos attingant. </s> <s>Accen&longs;a ligna gubernantur rutabulo, quod ligneum e&longs;t: <lb/>lapilli modò agitantur ra&longs;tro bidenti, modò rur&longs;us æquantur rutro: <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> <lb/>utrunque ferreum e&longs;t. </s> <s>Minutuli autem lapilli minus quàm mediocres: atque hi <lb/>rur&longs;us minus quàm maiu&longs;culi torreri debent. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quoniã">Quoniam</expan> uerò, dum &longs;ic torren­<lb/>tur lapilli, non raro quæ dam materia confluit, lapilli to&longs;ti <expan abbr="iterũ">iterum</expan> in canali de­<lb/>uexo lauandi &longs;unt. </s> <s>Eo enim modo materia quæ confluxit impetu aquæ de­<lb/>fertur in canalem tran&longs;uer&longs;um: ubi collecta molitur: ac rur&longs;us in <lb/>eiu&longs;dem canalis area lauatur: qua ratione id quod <lb/>metallicum e&longs;t ab eo, quod caret <lb/>metallo, &longs;eparatur.</s></p><pb pagenum="282"/><p type="caption"> <s>F<emph type="italics"/>ornax<emph.end type="italics"/> A. E<emph type="italics"/>ius os<emph.end type="italics"/> B. R<emph type="italics"/>utabul<gap/><emph.end type="italics"/> C. R<emph type="italics"/>a&longs;trum bideus<emph.end type="italics"/> D. R<emph type="italics"/>utrum<emph.end type="italics"/> E.</s></p><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>At panes ex pyrite uel cadmia uel alijs lapidibus æro&longs;is conflati creman­<lb/>tur in foueis quadrangulis & ex priore, ut &longs;uperiore, parte patentibus atque<lb/>apertis: quæ foueæ plerunque longæ &longs;unt pedes duodecim, latæ, octo: altæ, <lb/>tres. </s> <s>Sed panes ex pyrite conflati ferè bis cremantur: ex cadmia, &longs;emel: atque<lb/>hi prius in limum, aceto madefactum, inuoluuntur, ne ignis eos unà cum bi <lb/>tumine, uel &longs;ulfure, uel auripigmento, uel &longs;andaraca, nimis con&longs;umat: illi pri <lb/>mò lento igni, deinde acri cremantur. </s> <s>In utro&longs;que uerò integra nocte <expan abbr="&longs;equ&etilde;ti">&longs;equenti</expan> <lb/>immittitur aqua, ut, &longs;i in eis in&longs;it alumen, aut atramentum &longs;utorium, aut hali <lb/>nitrum metallis nociturum, quanquam raro nocere &longs;olet, id eluat: & ip&longs;os <lb/>faciat molles. </s> <s>Reliqui uerò &longs;ucci concreti ferè omnes, cum i&longs;tiu&longs;modi panes <lb/>uel uenæ excoquuntur, metallis nocent. </s> <s>Panes autem cremandi lignis, cra­<lb/>tis figura collocatis, imponuntur: atque ea lignorum &longs;trues incenditur.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>F<emph type="italics"/>oneæ<emph.end type="italics"/> A. L<emph type="italics"/>igna<emph.end type="italics"/> B. P<emph type="italics"/>anes<emph.end type="italics"/> C. C<emph type="italics"/>analis<emph.end type="italics"/> D.</s></p><pb pagenum="283"/><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Sed panes ex lapide fi&longs;&longs;ili æro&longs;o excocto confecti, primo proijciuntur in <lb/>terram ut di&longs;rumpantur, deinde fa&longs;cibus uirgultorum &longs;ubiectis imponun­<lb/>tur fornacibus: tum his accen&longs;is <expan abbr="cremãtur">cremantur</expan> <expan abbr="plerũque">plerunque</expan> &longs;epties, raro nouies: quod <lb/>dum fit, &longs;i fuerint bitumino&longs;i, tunc etiam bitumen ardet & redolet. </s> <s>Hæ for­<lb/>naces &longs;tructuram habent &longs;imilem &longs;tructuræ fornacum, in quibus uenæ ex­<lb/>coquuntur, ni&longs;i quod ex priore parte pateant: altæ uerò &longs;unt pedes &longs;ex: la­<lb/>tæ, quatuor: quod genus fornaces tres uni, in qua conflantur panes, &longs;uffici­<lb/>unt. </s> <s>Primo autem in prima fornace cremantur: deinde cùm refrigerati fue­<lb/>rint, translati in <expan abbr="&longs;ecũdam">&longs;ecundam</expan> rur&longs;us cremantur: tum deportantur in tertiam: po <lb/>&longs;tea reportantur in primam: con&longs;eruaturque is ordo u&longs;que dum &longs;epties uel no <lb/>uies crementur.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>P<emph type="italics"/>anes<emph.end type="italics"/> A. F<emph type="italics"/>a&longs;ces uirgultorum<emph.end type="italics"/> B. F<emph type="italics"/>oruaces<emph.end type="italics"/> C.</s></p><pb pagenum="284"/><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>De re Metallica Libri VIII. FINIS.</s></p><pb pagenum="285"/><p type="head"> <s>GEORGII AGRICO <lb/>LAE DE RE METALLICA <lb/>LIBER NONVS.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Scripsi de diuer&longs;o uenarum præparandarum <lb/>opificio, nunc &longs;eribam de uaria <expan abbr="earund&etilde;">earundem</expan> excoquen <lb/>darum ratione. </s> <s>Quanquam enim qui uenas <expan abbr="urũt">urunt</expan>, <lb/>& torrent & <expan abbr="cremãt">cremant</expan>, aliquid <expan abbr="detrahũt">detrahunt</expan> de his, quæ <lb/>cum metallis mi&longs;ta uel compo&longs;ita e&longs;&longs;e &longs;olent: mul­<lb/>tum, qui tundunt pilis: plurimum, qui lauant, cri­<lb/>brant, di&longs;cernunt, omne tamen id quod <expan abbr="metallorũ">metallorum</expan> <lb/>&longs;peciem ab oculis remouet, ac efficit informe quid <lb/>dam & rude adimere <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> po&longs;&longs;unt: quocirca nece&longs;&longs;a <lb/>rio inuenta e&longs;t excoctio, qua terræ, &longs;ucci concreti, lapides &longs;ic <expan abbr="&longs;eparãtur">&longs;eparantur</expan> à me <lb/>tallis, ut &longs;uus cuique color in&longs;ideat, ut <expan abbr="purũ">purum</expan> fiat, ut multis in rebus homini ma <lb/>gno u&longs;ui &longs;it. </s> <s>Cùm autem excoctio &longs;it eorum, quæ, anteaquam uenæ exco­<lb/>querentur, cum metallis erant permi&longs;ta, &longs;ecretio, quodque <expan abbr="metallũ">metallum</expan> igni quo­<lb/>dammodo perficitur. </s> <s>Verùm quia uenæ metallicæ <expan abbr="multũ">multum</expan> inter &longs;e differunt, <lb/>primò metallis, quæ in &longs;e continent: deinde cuiu&longs;que metalli copia uel ino­<lb/>pia, quæ eis e&longs;t: tum hacre, quod aliæ cito igni lique&longs;cant, aliæ tarde, earum <lb/>excoquendarum plures rationes &longs;unt: quarum una ut excoctores exij&longs;dem <lb/>uenis plus metalli quàm alia <expan abbr="cõficerent">conficerent</expan>, eos a&longs;&longs;iduos rerum u&longs;us docuit. </s> <s>Et&longs;i <lb/>uerò pluribus interdum excoquendi rationibus ex ij&longs;dem uenis par metal­<lb/>li pondus conflare po&longs;&longs;unt, tamen maiori &longs;umptu opus e&longs;t ad unam quàm <lb/>ad aliam. </s> <s>Atque uenæ quidem uel in fornace uel extra excoquuntur. </s> <s>Si in for <lb/>nace, aut eius ore ad tempus clau&longs;o, aut &longs;emper patente: &longs;i extra <expan abbr="fornac&etilde;">fornacem</expan>, uel <lb/>in ollis, uel in canalibus. </s> <s>Sed ut res fiat dilucidior, &longs;ingula per&longs;equar exor&longs;us <lb/>à domicilio & fornacibus. </s> <s>Murus, qui &longs;ecundus futurus e&longs;t, latere uel &longs;axo <lb/>ducatur cra&longs;&longs;us pedes duos & totidem palmos, ut ad onus ferendum &longs;it ido <lb/>neus: altus pedes quindecim: longus pro numero fornacum <expan abbr="extruendarũ">extruendarum</expan>: <lb/>quarum in uno domicilio e&longs;&longs;e &longs;olent <expan abbr="plerũque">plerunque</expan> &longs;ex, raro plures, &longs;æpius minus <lb/>multæ. </s> <s>Earum uerò tres parietes, po&longs;teriorem dico, qui e&longs;t ad murum, & u­<lb/>triu&longs;que lateris, e&longs;&longs;e factos ex natiuis lapidib. </s> <s>&longs;atius e&longs;t quàm ex coctis. </s> <s>Nam <lb/>lateres <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> excoctor, uel qui &longs;uccedit uicarius eius muneri, decutit cadmias, <lb/>quæ interea, dum excoquerentur uenæ, ad parietes adhæ&longs;erunt, cito <expan abbr="faciũt">faciunt</expan> <lb/>uitium & franguntur. </s> <s>At natiui quidam lapides iniurijs ignium re&longs;i&longs;tunt, <lb/>& ad longum tempus durant: maxime uerò hi ip&longs;i qui molles &longs;unt & fibra­<lb/>rum expertes: contra duri & quibus multæ &longs;unt fibræ, igni di&longs;&longs;iliunt & di&longs;&longs;i <lb/>pantur: qua de cau&longs;a fornaces, ex eis factæ, facile ab ignibus labefactantur, <lb/>& cùm decutiuntur cadmiæ, confringuntur. </s> <s>Prior autem paries conficiatur <lb/>ex coctis lapidibus, & inferiore parte habeat os latum palmos tres, <expan abbr="altũ">altum</expan> <expan abbr="&longs;e&longs;-quiped&etilde;">&longs;e&longs;­<lb/>quipedem</expan>, cùm iam focus fuerit paratus. </s> <s>Po&longs;teriori uerò parieti &longs;it foramen <lb/>&longs;ur&longs;um uer&longs;us ad cubiti altitudinem, anteaquam focus fuerit præparatus: id <pb pagenum="286"/>longum &longs;it tres palmos: in quod & foramen muri, longum pedem, nam ter­<lb/>gum muri fornicem habeat, imponatur fi&longs;tula ferrea uel ænea, in qua nares <lb/>follium collocentur: &longs;ed totus paries prior ideo non &longs;it altior quinque pedi­<lb/>bus, ut in fornacem <expan abbr="cõmode">commode</expan> uena conijci po&longs;&longs;it unà cum his, quibus magi­<lb/>&longs;tro ad eam excoquendam opus e&longs;t: at utriu&longs;que lateris paries altus exi&longs;tat pe <lb/>des &longs;ex, po&longs;terior &longs;eptem, cra&longs;&longs;us palmos tres: quæque fornacum intus lata &longs;it <lb/>quinque palmos, longa &longs;ex & digitum. </s> <s>Latitudinem autem nunc metimur in <lb/>teruallo, quod e&longs;t inter utriu&longs;que lateris parietes interiectum: longitudinem <lb/>eo, quod e&longs;t inter priorem parietem & po&longs;teriorem. </s> <s>Suprema uerò cuiu&longs;que<lb/>fornacis pars aliquanto plus &longs;e dilatet. </s> <s>Sint etiam muro aliquot o&longs;tia: &longs;i &longs;ex <lb/>fuerint fornaces, duo: unum inter &longs;ecundam et tertiam fornacem, alterum in <lb/>ter quartam & quintam: ea laca &longs;int cubitum, alta pedes &longs;ex: ut excoctores <lb/>eis egredientes & regredientes offen&longs;iunculam non accipiant. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quinetiã">Quinetiam</expan> ad <lb/>dextrum latus primæ fornacis o&longs;tium e&longs;&longs;e nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t, &longs;imiliter ad &longs;ini&longs;trum <lb/>ultimæ, &longs;i murus longius fuerit nec ne fuerit ductus. </s> <s>Longius uerò <expan abbr="tũ">tum</expan> duci­<lb/>tur, cum officina &longs;ecundarum <expan abbr="fornacũ">fornacum</expan>, aut aliud ædificium cum hac prima­<lb/>rum fornacum officina <expan abbr="cõiungitur">coniungitur</expan>, &longs;olumque pariete &longs;eparatur. </s> <s>Excoctor au­<lb/>tem & qui in prima fornace munus perficit, & qui in ultima, contemplatu­<lb/>rus folles, aliudúe facturus, ad finem muri egreditur &longs;uo o&longs;tio: qui&longs;que uerò <lb/>alius &longs;ibi cum altero communi: uerùm fornaces iccirco inter &longs;e di&longs;tant pedi­<lb/>bus &longs;ex, ut excoctores, eorumque mini&longs;tri uim caloris facilius &longs;u&longs;tinere po&longs;­<lb/>&longs;int. </s> <s>Quoniam uerò quæque interius e&longs;t lata quinque palmos, alia ab alia di&longs;tat <lb/>pedibus &longs;ex, primæ fornacis dextro lateri e&longs;t &longs;pacium quatuor pedum & tri <lb/>um palmorum, atque <expan abbr="tantũdem">tantundem</expan> &longs;ini&longs;tro ultimæ, &longs;i &longs;ex fuerint fornaces in una <lb/>officina, nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t ut murus longus &longs;it pedes duos & quinquaginta: nam <lb/>interior tot fornacum latitudo efficit pedes &longs;eptem & &longs;emi&longs;&longs;em: interualla, <lb/>quæ &longs;unt ab unius fornacis caua parte ad alterius fornacis partem <expan abbr="cauã">cauam</expan>, pe­<lb/>des triginta: &longs;pacium alterius lateris primæ & ultimæ fornacis pedes <expan abbr="nou&etilde;">nouem</expan>, <lb/>& palmos duos, cra&longs;&longs;itudo duorum <expan abbr="murorũ">murorum</expan> tran&longs;uer&longs;orum pedes quinque: <lb/>quarum men&longs;urarum &longs;umma efficit pedes duos & quinquaginta. </s> <s>Tum ex­<lb/>tra unam quanque fornacum &longs;it fouea quæ repleta puluere, de quo po&longs;tea di­<lb/>cturus &longs;um, fi&longs;tucatione &longs;pi&longs;&longs;etur: atque eo modo fiat catinus, qui <expan abbr="metallũ">metallum</expan> ex <lb/>fornace defluens excipiat.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>F<emph type="italics"/>ornaces<emph.end type="italics"/> A. C<emph type="italics"/>atini<emph.end type="italics"/> B.</s></p><pb pagenum="287"/><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Sub quoque autem catino & foco fornacis ad <expan abbr="altitudin&etilde;">altitudinem</expan> cubiti &longs;it tran&longs;­<lb/>u er&longs;um & latens humoris receptaculum, longum pedes tres, latum palmos <pb pagenum="288"/>tres, altum cubitum, ex &longs;axis uel lateribus factum, &longs;axis <expan abbr="tãtum">tantum</expan> tectum: quod <lb/>ni e&longs;&longs;et atque ita &longs;e haberet, uis ignium humorem ex terra eliceret, tam ad <expan abbr="focũ">focum</expan> <lb/>cuiu&longs;que &longs;ornacis quàm ad catinum, eosque madidos inflaret: inflati uitium fa­<lb/>cerent, & metallum partim ab&longs;orberent, partim mi&longs;ceretur cum recremen­<lb/>tis: quo modo conflatura <expan abbr="magnũ">magnum</expan> damnum contraheret: ex unoquoque præ­<lb/>terea humoris receptaculo canalis &longs;tructilis æquè ac ip&longs;um altus, &longs;ed latus <lb/>digitos &longs;ex, per murum, ad quem e&longs;t fornax extructa, ad alterum eius latus, <lb/>&longs;iue prius &longs;iue po&longs;terius penetret & a&longs;cendat, qua patens halitum, in quem <lb/>humor e&longs;t conuer&longs;us, expiret de tubo uel fi&longs;tula ænea aut ferrea: quæ ratio <lb/>receptaculi conficiendi canalisque, longe optima e&longs;t: alijs quidem e&longs;t canalis <lb/>priori &longs;imilis: humoris uerò receptaculum di&longs;&longs;imile: nam <expan abbr="trã&longs;uer&longs;um">tran&longs;uer&longs;um</expan> &longs;ub ca <lb/>tino non latet, &longs;ed rectum, atque longum e&longs;t pedes duos & palmum: latum <lb/>pedem & palmos tres, altum pedem & palmum: quæ ratio receptaculi con <lb/>ficiendi &longs;ic à nobis non improbatur, ut eorum qui receptaculum uacans ca­<lb/>nali &longs;truunt: hoc uerò iccirco improbatur, quod ab ip&longs;o foramen non pate <lb/>at ad aerem, per quod halitus &longs;olutè & liberè penetrent.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>F<emph type="italics"/>ornaces<emph.end type="italics"/> A. C<emph type="italics"/>atinus<emph.end type="italics"/> B. O<emph type="italics"/>&longs;tium<emph.end type="italics"/> C. L<emph type="italics"/>atens humoris receptaculum<emph.end type="italics"/> D. <lb/>S<emph type="italics"/>axum quo tegitur<emph.end type="italics"/> E. C<emph type="italics"/>analis &longs;tructilis<emph.end type="italics"/> F. S<emph type="italics"/>axum quo tegitur<emph.end type="italics"/> G. <lb/>T<emph type="italics"/>ubus halitum expirans<emph.end type="italics"/> H.</s></p><figure></figure><pb pagenum="289"/><p type="main"> <s>Atergo autem &longs;ecundi muri ad pedes quindecim ducatur primus murus <lb/>altus pedes tredecim. </s> <s>In utroque <expan abbr="colloc&etilde;tur">collocentur</expan> trabes latæ & cra&longs;&longs;æ pedem, lon­<lb/>gæ pedes decem & nouem atque palmum. </s> <s>Hæ inter &longs;e <expan abbr="di&longs;t&etilde;t">di&longs;tent</expan> tribus pedibus. </s> <s><lb/>Cùm autem &longs;ecundus murus duobus pedibus altior &longs;it primo, in eius tergo <lb/>facienda &longs;unt caua, alta pedes duos, lata pedem, longa pedem & palmum: in <lb/>quibus cauis, qua&longs;i in quibu&longs;dam formis, altera trabium capita locentur: at <lb/>in eiu&longs;modi capitum formis in dudantur capita totidem tignorum <expan abbr="&longs;tatuto-rũ">&longs;tatuto­<lb/>rum</expan>: quæ alta &longs;int pedes quatuor & uiginti, lata & cra&longs;&longs;a palmos tres: ex quo­<lb/>rum capitibus &longs;uperioribus rur&longs;us <expan abbr="totid&etilde;">totidem</expan> tigna pertineant ad capita tigno­<lb/>rum, quæ muro primo &longs;uperpo&longs;ita &longs;unt. </s> <s>Horum autem &longs;uperiora capita in <lb/>formis tignorum &longs;tatutorum, inferiora in formis trabium muro primo &longs;u­<lb/>perpo&longs;itarum includantur: atque hæc tigna &longs;u&longs;tineant tectum, quod è tegulis <lb/>coctilibus con&longs;tet. </s> <s>Singula etiam id genus tigna &longs;ingulis tignis fulciantur: <lb/>&longs;ingulis tran&longs;uer&longs;arijs coniungantur cum &longs;tatutis: ad quæ &longs;tatuta, quà &longs;unt <lb/>fornaces, affigantur a&longs;&longs;erculi crebri cra&longs;&longs;i circiter digitos duos, lati palmum: <lb/>quibus & cratibus, inter tigna interpo&longs;itis <expan abbr="lutũ">lutum</expan> illinatur, ut & tignis & cra­<lb/>tibus ab incendio non &longs;it periculum. </s> <s>Atque hoc &longs;ane modo &longs;e habeat po&longs;teri <lb/>or officinæ pars: quæ in &longs;e continet folles, eorum &longs;edilia, machinam, quæ fol <lb/>les comprimit, organum, quod eo&longs;dem diducit: de quibus omnibus paulo <lb/>po&longs;t dicam.</s></p><pb pagenum="290"/><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>A fronte uerò fornacum ducatur tertius murus longus, itemque quartus: <lb/>uterque &longs;it pedes nouem altus: æque uerò longus & cra&longs;&longs;us ac alij duo: &longs;ed <pb pagenum="291"/>quartus di&longs;tet à tertio pedes nouem, tertius à <expan abbr="&longs;ecũdo">&longs;ecundo</expan> pedibus uno & uigin­<lb/>ti atque &longs;emipede: à quo <expan abbr="&longs;ecũdo">&longs;ecundo</expan> ad pedes duodecim tigna quatuor &longs;axis &longs;ub­<lb/>&longs;tratis erigantur, alta pedes &longs;eptem & dimidium, lata & cra&longs;&longs;a cubitum: quo <lb/>rum capita <expan abbr="includãtur">includantur</expan> in formis immi&longs;&longs;æ trabis, latæ cubitum, cra&longs;&longs;æ <expan abbr="ped&etilde;">pedem</expan>: <lb/>quæ duobus pedibus & <expan abbr="totid&etilde;">totidem</expan> palmis longior &longs;it &longs;pacio, quod e&longs;t inter &longs;e­<lb/>cundum & quintum <expan abbr="murũ">murum</expan> tran&longs;uer&longs;um, ut eius capita muris tran&longs;uer&longs;is &longs;u­<lb/>perponi po&longs;&longs;int. </s> <s>Quòd &longs;i una trabs tam longa in promptu <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> fuerit, in eius <lb/><expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> &longs;ub&longs;tituantur duæ: quia uerò ea longitudo e&longs;t, & tigna &longs;tatuta paribus <lb/>di&longs;tinguenda &longs;unt interuallis, nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t ut aliud ab alio & extimum <expan abbr="utrũqueà">utrunque<lb/>à</expan> muro tran&longs;uer&longs;o ab&longs;it pedes <expan abbr="nou&etilde;">nouem</expan>, <expan abbr="palmũ">palmum</expan> <expan abbr="unũ">unum</expan>, digitos duos, & duas digi <lb/>ti quintas. </s> <s>In hac trabe longa & muro tertio ac quarto <expan abbr="colloc&etilde;tur">collocentur</expan> trabes du­<lb/>odecim longæ pedes quatuor & uiginti, latæ <expan abbr="ped&etilde;">pedem</expan>, cra&longs;&longs;æ palmos tres: quæ <lb/>inter &longs;e di&longs;tent pedibus tribus, palmo uno, digitis duobus: in quarum for­<lb/>mis, quà locatæ &longs;unt in trabe longa, includantur capita totidem <expan abbr="tignorũ">tignorum</expan> ob <lb/>liquè erectorum in aduer&longs;a illa, quæ recta &longs;uper &longs;ecundum murum &longs;tatuta <lb/>&longs;unt. </s> <s>Attamen obliquorum capita &longs;tatutorum capita non attingant, &longs;ed ab <lb/>eis pedes duos ab&longs;int, ut per eam partem camini patentem fornaces fumum <lb/>emittant. </s> <s>Ne uerò obliqua incidant in recta partim caueatur bacillis ferreis, <lb/>quæ ex &longs;ingulis ad &longs;ingula eis oppo&longs;ita pertineant: partim tignis, <expan abbr="quanquã">quanquam</expan> <lb/>raris, quæ item à nonnullis obliquis ad recta, quæ ex eorum regione &longs;unt, <lb/>pertingant, & ip&longs;is dent &longs;tabilitatem: quibus et obliquis, quà &longs;pectant tigna <lb/>recta, tum affigantur crebri a&longs;&longs;erculi, cra&longs;&longs;i circiter digitos duos, lati <expan abbr="palmũ">palmum</expan>, <lb/>ac inter &longs;e <expan abbr="di&longs;tãtes">di&longs;tantes</expan> <expan abbr="palmũ">palmum</expan>, <expan abbr="tũ">tum</expan> <expan abbr="lutũ">lutum</expan> illinatur, ne <expan abbr="cõcipiant">concipiant</expan> <expan abbr="ign&etilde;">ignem</expan>. </s> <s>At in <expan abbr="trabiũ">trabium</expan> &longs;u <lb/><expan abbr="pradictarũ">pradictarum</expan> formis, quà quarto muro &longs;uperpo&longs;itæ &longs;unt, <expan abbr="includãtur">includantur</expan> inferiora <lb/>capita <expan abbr="totid&etilde;">totidem</expan> <expan abbr="tignorũ">tignorum</expan> obliquè <expan abbr="erectorũ">erectorum</expan> in priora obliqua: <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> capiti­<lb/>bus &longs;ic <expan abbr="cõmittantur">committantur</expan> et <expan abbr="copul&etilde;tur">copulentur</expan>, ut ex eis dilabi <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> po&longs;&longs;int: <expan abbr="quinetiã">quinetiam</expan> firmen <lb/>tur &longs;ub&longs;tructionibus, quæ fiant ex tignis tran&longs;uer&longs;is & obliquis. </s> <s>Atque tigna <lb/>illa etiam <expan abbr="&longs;u&longs;tineãt">&longs;u&longs;tineant</expan> tectum. </s> <s>Hoc modo &longs;e habeat prior officinæ pars, in tres <lb/>rur&longs;us partes di&longs;tributa: quarum prima, lata pedes duodecim, e&longs;t &longs;ub cami­<lb/>no, qui con&longs;tat ex duobus parietibus, recto & obliquo: altera, totidem pe­<lb/>des lata, recipit uenam excoquendam, additamenta, carbones, aliaque quibus <lb/>opus e&longs;t excoctoribus: tertia lata pedes nouem, continet duo conclauia pa <lb/>ribus interuallis di&longs;tincta, in quorum altero e&longs;t fornacula, in altero conclu­<lb/>ditur <expan abbr="metallũ">metallum</expan> in <expan abbr="&longs;ecũdis">&longs;ecundis</expan> fornacib. </s> <s><expan abbr="excoqu&etilde;dũ">excoquendum</expan>. </s> <s>Itaque nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t huic officinæ <lb/>e&longs;&longs;e præter quatuor muros longos &longs;eptem, qui inter illos &longs;int, tran&longs;uer&longs;os: <lb/>quorum primus à &longs;uperiore capite primi muri longi perducatur ad &longs;uperi­<lb/>us caput &longs;ecundi muri longi: &longs;ecundus ab hoc capite procedat ad caput ter <lb/>tij muri longi: tertius rur&longs;us ab hoc capite tran&longs;iens per medium <expan abbr="&longs;paciũ">&longs;pacium</expan> per­<lb/>ueniat ad caput quarti muri longi. </s> <s>Quartus uerò ex inferiore capite primi <lb/>muri longi ducatur ad inferius caput &longs;ecun di muri longi: quintus ex hoc ca <lb/>pite ad caput tertij muri longi pertineat: &longs;extus rur&longs;us ab hoc capite tendat <lb/>ad caput quarti muri longi: at &longs;eptimus &longs;pacium, quod e&longs;t inter tertium & <lb/>quartum murum longum, in duas partes diducat.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>M<emph type="italics"/>uri longi quatuor:<emph.end type="italics"/> P<emph type="italics"/>rimus<emph.end type="italics"/> A. S<emph type="italics"/>ecundus<emph.end type="italics"/> B. T<emph type="italics"/>ertius<emph.end type="italics"/> C. Q<emph type="italics"/>uartus<emph.end type="italics"/> D. <lb/>M<emph type="italics"/>uri tran&longs;uer&longs;i &longs;eptem:<emph.end type="italics"/> P<emph type="italics"/>rimus<emph.end type="italics"/> E. S<emph type="italics"/>ecundus<emph.end type="italics"/> F. T<emph type="italics"/>ertius<emph.end type="italics"/> G. <lb/>Q<emph type="italics"/>uartus<emph.end type="italics"/> H. Q<emph type="italics"/>uintus<emph.end type="italics"/> I. S<emph type="italics"/>extus<emph.end type="italics"/> K. S<emph type="italics"/>eptimus &longs;iue medius<emph.end type="italics"/> L.</s></p><pb pagenum="292"/><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Sed redeo ad po&longs;teriorem domicilij <expan abbr="part&etilde;">partem</expan>, in qua, ut dixi, &longs;unt folles, eo­<lb/>rum &longs;edilia, machina quæ folles comprimit, organum quod eo&longs;dem didu­<lb/>cit. </s> <s>Qui&longs;que autem follis ex corpore & capite con&longs;tat: corpus uerò compo­<lb/>&longs;itum e&longs;t ex duobus tabulatis, duobus arcubus, duobus corijs: &longs;ed &longs;uperi­<lb/>us tabulatum cra&longs;&longs;um e&longs;t palmum, longum quinque pedes & tres palmos, la <lb/>tum po&longs;teriore parte, ubi utrunque eius latus parum arcuatur, pedes duos & <lb/>dimidium: priore, ex qua caput attingit, cubitum. </s> <s>Etenim totum follis cor­<lb/>pus caput uer&longs;us angu&longs;tatur: quod autem nunc tabulatum appellamus, con <lb/>&longs;tat ex duabus tabulis abiegnis coagmentatis et conglutinatis, atque ex dua­<lb/>bus tabellis tiliaceis, quæ tabularum latera cingunt, & latæ &longs;unt po&longs;teriore <lb/>parte digitos &longs;eptem, priore, ex qua caput follis attingunt, &longs;e&longs;quidigitum: <lb/>quæ tabellæ cum tabulis iccirco <expan abbr="cõglutinantur">conglutinantur</expan>, ut eis ferrei claui, in corium <lb/>& ip&longs;as adacti, minus noceant. </s> <s>Attamen quidam nullis tabellis cingunt ta­<lb/>bulas, &longs;ed his &longs;olis, & quidem admodum era&longs;&longs;is utuntur. </s> <s>Superius illud ta­<pb pagenum="293"/>bulatum habet foramen & caudam. </s> <s>Foramen abe&longs;t ab ea parte, ex qua tabu <lb/>latum attingit caput follis, pedem & tres palmos. </s> <s>E&longs;t uerò in medio tabula­<lb/>ti longum digitos &longs;ex, latum quatuor: at eius operculum longum & latum <lb/>e&longs;t palmos duos & digitum, cra&longs;&longs;um digitos tres, ex cuius po&longs;teriore parte <lb/>ideo particula &longs;uperius exci&longs;a e&longs;t, ut manu teneri queat: item ex priore & la <lb/>teribus &longs;uperius, ut in tabellis latis palmum, cra&longs;&longs;is digitos tres &longs;imili modo <lb/>exei&longs;is, &longs;ed inferius, uer&longs;ari po&longs;&longs;it. </s> <s>Nam operculum obductum claudit fora­<lb/>men, reductum aperit: uerùm excoctor foramen tunc paululum, ut flatus <lb/>per ip&longs;um exeat ex folle, aperit cùm in metu e&longs;t propter <expan abbr="coriũ">corium</expan>, quod di&longs;rum <lb/>pi &longs;olet ubi &longs;ollis uehementius & crebrius fuerit inflatus: claudit uerò idem <lb/>cum corio rupto flatus di&longs;&longs;ipatur: ueruntamen alij &longs;uperius tabulatum bis, <lb/>terúe perforan<gap/>: in quibus foraminibus <gap/>undis, quæ ip&longs;i loco quadrangu <lb/>liforaminis &longs;unt: turbines includunt, eosque, cùm res po&longs;tulauerit, rur&longs;us ex­<lb/>trahunt. </s> <s>Sed cauda lignum e&longs;t longum palmos &longs;eptem, uel etiam longius, <lb/>ut extare po&longs;&longs;it: cuius dimidia pars lata palmos duos & cra&longs;&longs;a palmum cum <lb/>ultima huius tabulati parte conglutinatur & ad eam affigitur clauis ligneis, <lb/>glutino oblitis: dimidia è tabulato extat & eminet teres atque cra&longs;&longs;a digitos <lb/>&longs;eptem. </s> <s>Cum cauda præterea et tabulato conglutinatur tabula longa pedes <lb/>duos, lata totidem palmos, cra&longs;&longs;a palmum: quinetiam cum eiu&longs;dem tabula­<lb/>ti parte inferiore conglutinatur altera tabula etiam longa pedes duos: quæ <lb/>di&longs;tat ab ultima tabulati parte tribus palmis: atque hæ duæ tabulæ propterea <lb/>cum tabulato conglutinantur, & ad ip&longs;um clauis ligneis glutino oblitis affi <lb/>guntur, ut uini diducendi & comprimendi &longs;u&longs;tinere po&longs;&longs;it. </s> <s>Inferius <expan abbr="aut&etilde;">autem</expan> ta­<lb/>bulatum æquè ac &longs;uperius <expan abbr="conglutinatũ">conglutinatum</expan> e&longs;t ex duabus tabulis abiegnis, & <lb/>duabus tabellis tiliaceis: æquè etiam latum & cra&longs;&longs;um e&longs;t, &longs;ed longius cubi­<lb/>to: etenim capitis pars e&longs;t, ut paulo po&longs;t dicam. </s> <s>Habet hoc inferius <expan abbr="tabulatũ">tabulatum</expan> <lb/>foramen &longs;piritale & annulum ferreum: foramen abe&longs;t ab ultima eius parte <lb/>circiter cubitum. </s> <s>E&longs;t uerò in medio latitudinis eiu&longs;dem tabulati, longum pe <lb/>dem & latum tres palmos: quod æqualiter diuidit columella: quæ pars e&longs;t <lb/>tabulati ex ip&longs;o non exci&longs;a, &longs;imiliter longa <expan abbr="palmũ">palmum</expan>, &longs;ed lata tertiam digiti par­<lb/>tem. </s> <s>At foraminis <expan abbr="operculũ">operculum</expan> <expan abbr="longũ">longum</expan> e&longs;t <expan abbr="ped&etilde;">pedem</expan> & digitos tres, <expan abbr="latũ">latum</expan> palmos tres <lb/>& <expan abbr="totid&etilde;">totidem</expan> digitos. </s> <s>Con&longs;tat <expan abbr="aũt">aunt</expan> ex tabella &longs;ubtili & pelle caprina <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> <expan abbr="teg&etilde;te">tegente</expan>: cu <lb/>ius pars pilo&longs;a &longs;pectat <expan abbr="terrã">terram</expan>, ad <expan abbr="&longs;uperior&etilde;">&longs;uperiorem</expan> huius tabellæ <expan abbr="part&etilde;">partem</expan> minutis clauis <lb/>ferreis e&longs;t affixa pars corij duplicati & lati <expan abbr="palmũ">palmum</expan>, tam longi quàm lata e&longs;t ta <lb/>bella. </s> <s>Altera uerò corij pars, quæ po&longs;t <expan abbr="tabellã">tabellam</expan> e&longs;t, æquè ac <expan abbr="tabulatũ">tabulatum</expan> bis e&longs;t <lb/>perforata: quæ duo foramina di&longs;tant inter &longs;e digitis &longs;eptem: per ea <expan abbr="penetrãs">penetrans</expan> <lb/>lorum extra inferiorem tabulati partem connectitur: &longs;icque tabella cum &longs;upe <lb/>riore tabulati parte copulata, de eo non decidit: atque hoc modo &longs;e habet o­<lb/>perculum & <expan abbr="foram&etilde;">foramen</expan> &longs;piritale. </s> <s>Quod cùm follis diducitur, aperiri &longs;olet, cùm <lb/>comprimitur, claudi. </s> <s>Verùm annulus ferreus, <expan abbr="paululũ">paululum</expan> compre&longs;&longs;us, longus <lb/>e&longs;t palmos duos, latus palmum: qui po&longs;t foramen &longs;piritale circiter &longs;pacium <lb/><expan abbr="pedaneũ">pedaneum</expan><gap/>d inferiorem tabulati partem fibula ferrea affigitur. </s> <s>Di&longs;tat uerò à <lb/>po&longs;teriore follis parte ad palmos tres: in annulum i&longs;tum per tran&longs;uer&longs;am ta <lb/><expan abbr="bulã">bulam</expan>, quæ follium &longs;edilis pars e&longs;t, penetrantem pe&longs;&longs;ulus ligneus adigitur, ut <lb/>inferius follis <expan abbr="tabulatũ">tabulatum</expan> permaneat immobile: quanque &longs;unt qui annulo reie­<pb pagenum="294"/>cto duabus cochleis ferreis, qua&longs;i clauis quibu&longs;dam, id ip&longs;um ad tabulam <lb/>affigunt. </s> <s>At arcus uterque inter duo tabulata collocatur, & æquè longus e&longs;t <lb/>ac &longs;uperius <expan abbr="tabulatũ">tabulatum</expan>: uterque conficitur è quatuor tabellis tiliaceis, cra&longs;&longs;is di­<lb/>gitos tres: quarum duæ longæ po&longs;teriore parte latæ &longs;unt digitos <expan abbr="&longs;ept&etilde;">&longs;eptem</expan>, pri­<lb/>ore duos & <expan abbr="dimidiũ">dimidium</expan>: tertia, quæ po&longs;terior, e&longs;t lata palmos duos: eius <expan abbr="utrũquecaput">utrunque<lb/>caput</expan>, paulo cra&longs;&longs;ius digito, in formis tabellarum <expan abbr="lõgarum">longarum</expan> includitur, ibique<lb/>pariter perforatum, ligneisque clauis glutino oblitis & in foramina infixis, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <lb/>ip&longs;is tabellis longis coniungitur & conglutinatur: quinetiam utrunque eius <lb/>caput unà cum tabellæ longæ capite arcuatur: atque ex eo nomen inuenit. </s> <s><lb/>Quarta autem tabella, quæ abe&longs;tad cubitum à capite follis, di&longs;tendit duas <lb/>longas tabellas: cuius capitula, in formis tabellarum longarum inclu&longs;a, cum <lb/>eis coniunguntur & conglutinantur: longa uerò e&longs;t, exceptis capitulis, pe­<lb/>dem, lata palmum & digitos duos. </s> <s>Sunt præterea aliæ duæ paruulæ tabel­<lb/>læ cum capite follis & inferiore tabulato conglutinatæ, & ad eadem clauis <lb/>ligneis, glutino etiam oblitis, affixæ, quæ longæ &longs;unt palmos tres et digitos <lb/>duos, altæ palmum, cra&longs;&longs;æ digitum: earum dimidia pars paululum re&longs;ecta <lb/>e&longs;t. </s> <s>Hæ tabellæ capita longarum tabellarum <expan abbr="arc&etilde;t">arcent</expan> à foramine capitis follis, <lb/>quæ ni e&longs;&longs;ent, eadem capita tanto & tam crebro motu intro compul&longs;a fran­<lb/>gerentur. </s> <s>Corium <expan abbr="aũt">aunt</expan> e&longs;t bubulum uel equinum: &longs;ed bubulum longe mul­<lb/>tumque præ&longs;tat equino: utrunque uerò, duo enim &longs;unt, po&longs;teriore follis parte, <lb/>qua coniunguntur, latum e&longs;t pedes tres & dimidium: &longs;ed ad utrunque tabula <lb/>tum, & ad utrunque arcum longo loro &longs;ingulis &longs;ubiecto <expan abbr="affigũtur">affiguntur</expan> &longs;erreis cla­<lb/>uis cornutis, qui longi &longs;unt digitos quinque: <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> autem cornu utrunque lon­<lb/>gum e&longs;t digitos duos & dimidium, latum &longs;emidigitum. </s> <s>Verùm ad tabulata <lb/>tam crebris clauis affiguntur coria, ut unius claui cornu alterius cornu ferè <lb/>attingat: &longs;ed ad arcus di&longs;&longs;imiliter. </s> <s>Nam ad po&longs;teriorem arcus tabellam tan­<lb/>tummodo duobus clauis affiguntur: ad longam utranque quatuor: quo &longs;ane <lb/>modo fit, ut ad unum arcum decem clauis <expan abbr="affigãtur">affigantur</expan>: atque totidem ad <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan>: <lb/>quinetiam interdum, cùm excoctor metum habet ne uehemens motus fol­<lb/>lis ab arcubus <expan abbr="coriũ">corium</expan> diuellat ac di&longs;trahat, extra id ad longas <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> tabellas al <lb/>terius generis clauis affigit tabellas abiegnas: quales ad po&longs;teriores <expan abbr="arcuũ">arcuum</expan> <lb/>tabellas affigere <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> pote&longs;t, quod <expan abbr="paululũ">paululum</expan> &longs;int arcuatæ. </s> <s>Quidam corium ad <lb/>tabulata & arcus clauis ferreis non affigunt, &longs;ed cochleis ferreis, in tabellas <lb/>corio &longs;uperpo&longs;itas &longs;imul adactis. </s> <s>Et&longs;i uerò hæc corij affigendi ratio minus <lb/>quàm altera e&longs;t u&longs;itata, tamen dubium non e&longs;t, quin ei <expan abbr="cõmoditate">commoditate</expan> antecel­<lb/>lat. </s> <s>Po&longs;tremò follis caput, æquè ac reliquum eius corpus, <expan abbr="cõ&longs;tat">con&longs;tat</expan> ex duobus <lb/>tabulatis, & præterea ex nare. </s> <s>Superius tabulatum longum e&longs;t <expan abbr="cubitũ">cubitum</expan>, cra&longs;­<lb/>&longs;um &longs;e&longs;quipalmum: at inferius pars e&longs;t inferioris totius corporis tabulati: &longs;i­<lb/>militer uerò atque &longs;uperius longum, &longs;ed cra&longs;&longs;um palmum & digitum: ex qui­<lb/>bus duobus <expan abbr="cõglutinatis">conglutinatis</expan> efficitur caput, in quo perforato naris in cluditur: <lb/>&longs;ed caput po&longs;teriore parte, ex qua reliquum corpus attingit, latum e&longs;t cubi­<lb/>tum. </s> <s>Cùm uerò proce&longs;&longs;erit ad tres palmos, angu&longs;tius factum e&longs;t digitis duo <lb/>bus: po&longs;tea tantum re&longs;ecatur, ut priore parte fiat teres & cra&longs;&longs;um palmos du <lb/>os ac <expan abbr="totid&etilde;">totidem</expan> digitos: ubi circulo ferreo, tres digitos lato, cingitur. </s> <s>Naris <expan abbr="aut&etilde;">autem</expan> <lb/>e&longs;t fi&longs;tula ex bractea &longs;errea facta: cuius prior pars caua, digitos tres lata e&longs;t: <pb pagenum="295"/>po&longs;terior, quæ in capite includitur, alta palmum, lata palmos duos. </s> <s>Magis <lb/>enim ac magis dilatatur: maxime uerò po&longs;teriore parte, ut ib&longs; flatus copio­<lb/>&longs;us in eam penetrare po&longs;&longs;it. </s> <s>Tota autem longa e&longs;t pedes tres. </s> <s>At caput cum <lb/>&longs;uperiore tabulato connectitur hoc modo. </s> <s>Bractea ferrea, lata palmum, lon <lb/>ga &longs;e&longs;quipalmum, primò affigitur ad alterum capitis latus: di&longs;tatque ab eius <lb/>extremitate ad tres digitos. </s> <s>Ex hac bractea extat pars curuata, longa digitos <lb/>tres, lata duos. </s> <s>Simili modo altera alterius lateris bractea &longs;e habet. </s> <s>Deinde <lb/>ex earum regione ad &longs;uperius tabulatum affiguntur aliæ duæ bracteæ fer­<lb/>reæ, di&longs;tantque à laterum extremitate ad digitos duos: quarum utraque lata e&longs;t <lb/>&longs;ex digitos, longa &longs;eptem: utriu&longs;que etiam pars media re&longs;ecatur paulo plus <lb/>tribus digitis, quod ad longitudinem attinet: duobus, quod ad <expan abbr="latitudin&etilde;">latitudinem</expan>, <lb/>ut curuatæ parti bracteæ capitis, ei re&longs;pondenti, in hac caua parte &longs;it locus: <lb/>utrinque uerò ex utraque bractea extat pars curuata, longa digitos tres, lata du <lb/>os. </s> <s>Ferreus igitur axiculus in has curuatas <expan abbr="bractearũ">bractearum</expan> partes infigitur, ut cir­<lb/>ca eum &longs;uperius follis <expan abbr="tabulatũ">tabulatum</expan> quodam modo uertatur. </s> <s>Axiculus uerò lon <lb/>gus e&longs;t &longs;ex digitos, paulo cra&longs;&longs;ior digito: &longs;ed ex tabulato &longs;uperiore, ubi adi­<lb/>p&longs;um bracteæ affiguntur, aliqua particula exci&longs;a e&longs;t: quomodo fit, ut axicu­<lb/>lus de bracteis iam affixis decidere non po&longs;&longs;it. </s> <s>Affigitur autem utraque ad ta­<lb/>bulatum quatuor clauis ferreis, quorum capitula &longs;unt ad interiorem tabula <lb/>ti partem: acies uerò, &longs;uperius retu&longs;æ, etiam in capitula quodammodo abe­<lb/>unt: utraque bractea ad caput follis affigitur clauo, cui latum e&longs;t capitulum, et <lb/>duobus alijs, quorum capitula &longs;unt ad exteriorem capitis partem: <expan abbr="quinetiã">quinetiam</expan> <lb/>in medio duarum tabulati bractearum remanet &longs;pacium latum palmos du­<lb/>os: quod &longs;imiliter bractea ferrea, clauis minutis ad tabulatum affixa, tegitur: <lb/>cui re&longs;pondet altera bractea, quæ e&longs;t inter duas bracteas ad caput affixas: la­<lb/>ta uerò e&longs;t palmos duos & totidem digitos. </s> <s>Porrò <expan abbr="coriũ">corium</expan> <expan abbr="cõmune">commune</expan> e&longs;t capiti <lb/>cum aliqua reliqui corporis parte: nam eo teguntur bracteæ, imo prior pars <lb/>&longs;uperioris tabulati & utriu&longs;que arcus ac po&longs;terior capitis follis, ne flatus ea <lb/>parte ex folle erumpat: latum autem e&longs;t palmos tres & totidem digitos: tam <lb/>uerò longum, ut ab uno inferioris tabulati latere per dor&longs;um &longs;uperioris ex­<lb/>ten&longs;um pertingat: &qring;d ip&longs;um crebris clauis cornutis ad &longs;uperius <expan abbr="tabulatũ">tabulatum</expan> ab <lb/>una parte affigitur, ab altera ad follis caput: utrinque <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ad inferius <expan abbr="tabulatũ">tabulatum</expan>.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>T<emph type="italics"/>abulatum &longs;uperius<emph.end type="italics"/> A. T<emph type="italics"/>abulatum inferius<emph.end type="italics"/> B. D<emph type="italics"/>uæ tabulæ ex quibus utrunque con­<lb/>&longs;tat<emph.end type="italics"/> C. V<emph type="italics"/>triu&longs;que pars po&longs;terior arcuata<emph.end type="italics"/> D. V<emph type="italics"/>triu&longs;que pars prior angu&longs;tata<emph.end type="italics"/> E. T<emph type="italics"/>a­<lb/>bellæ<emph.end type="italics"/> F. S<emph type="italics"/>uperioris tabulati foramen<emph.end type="italics"/> G. O<emph type="italics"/>perculum<emph.end type="italics"/> H. T<emph type="italics"/>abellæ<emph.end type="italics"/> I. C<emph type="italics"/>auda<emph.end type="italics"/> K. <lb/>T<emph type="italics"/>abula exterior<emph.end type="italics"/> L. T<emph type="italics"/>abula interior pingi non pote&longs;t.<emph.end type="italics"/></s><s> I<emph type="italics"/>nferioris tabulati pars inte­<lb/>rior<emph.end type="italics"/> M. C<emph type="italics"/>apitis pars<emph.end type="italics"/> N. F<emph type="italics"/>oramen &longs;piritale<emph.end type="italics"/> O. C<emph type="italics"/>olumella<emph.end type="italics"/> P. O<emph type="italics"/>perculum<emph.end type="italics"/> <expan abbr="q.">que</expan> <lb/>C<emph type="italics"/>orium<emph.end type="italics"/> R. L<emph type="italics"/>orum<emph.end type="italics"/> S. I<emph type="italics"/>nferioris tabulati pars exterior<emph.end type="italics"/> T. F<emph type="italics"/>ibula<emph.end type="italics"/> V. A<emph type="italics"/>nnu­<lb/>lus<emph.end type="italics"/> X. A<emph type="italics"/>rcus<emph.end type="italics"/> Y. T<emph type="italics"/>abellæ eius longæ<emph.end type="italics"/> Z. T<emph type="italics"/>abella po&longs;terior<emph.end type="italics"/> AA. C<emph type="italics"/>apitula <lb/>arcuata<emph.end type="italics"/> BB. T<emph type="italics"/>abella di&longs;tendens longas<emph.end type="italics"/> CC. T<emph type="italics"/>abellæ paruulæ<emph.end type="italics"/> DD. C<emph type="italics"/><expan abbr="oriũ">orium</expan><emph.end type="italics"/> EE. <lb/>C<emph type="italics"/>lauus<emph.end type="italics"/> FF. C<emph type="italics"/>ornua<emph.end type="italics"/> GG. C<emph type="italics"/>ochlea<emph.end type="italics"/> HH. L<emph type="italics"/>orum longum<emph.end type="italics"/> II. C<emph type="italics"/>aput<emph.end type="italics"/> KK. T<emph type="italics"/>a­<lb/>bulatum eius inferius<emph.end type="italics"/> LL. T<emph type="italics"/>abulatum &longs;uperius<emph.end type="italics"/> MM. N<emph type="italics"/>aris<emph.end type="italics"/> NN. I<emph type="italics"/>ntegrum follis <lb/>tabulatum inferius<emph.end type="italics"/> OO. B<emph type="italics"/>racteæ duæ capitis exteriores<emph.end type="italics"/> PP. E<emph type="italics"/>arum caruata pars<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/><expan abbr="Qq.">Qque</expan> B<emph type="italics"/>ractea capitis media<emph.end type="italics"/> RR. B<emph type="italics"/>racteæ duæ &longs;uperioris tabulati exteriores<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>SS. E<emph type="italics"/>iu&longs;dem media<emph.end type="italics"/> TT. A<emph type="italics"/>xiculus<emph.end type="italics"/> VV. F<emph type="italics"/>ollis integer<emph.end type="italics"/> XX.</s></p><pb pagenum="296"/><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Atque hoc modo qui&longs;que follis &longs;e habet. </s> <s>Cùm <expan abbr="aũt">aunt</expan> bini ad &longs;ingulas fornaces <lb/><expan abbr="pertineãt">pertineant</expan>, nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t ut XII. &longs;int folles, &longs;i in una officina &longs;ex fuerint fornaees. <pb pagenum="297"/>Sed <expan abbr="t&etilde;pus">tempus</expan> e&longs;t iam de <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> &longs;edilibus dicere: primo humi locantur duo tigna, <lb/>paulo minus longa quàm murus fornacum: <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> prius e&longs;t latum & cra&longs;­<lb/>&longs;um tres palmos, po&longs;terius palmos tres & digitos duos: prius uerò à tergo <lb/>muri <expan abbr="fornacũ">fornacum</expan> di&longs;tat duobus pedibus, po&longs;terius à priore pedibus &longs;ex & pal­<lb/>mis tribus. </s> <s>Defodiuntur autem in terra, ut &longs;tabilia permaneant: quinetiam <lb/>aliqui, ut idem &longs;iat, per utriu&longs;que aliquot foramina paxillos cuneatos in te<gap/><expan abbr="ã">am</expan> <lb/>altius agunt. </s> <s>Deinde duodecim tigna <expan abbr="erigũtur">eriguntur</expan>: quorum inferiora capita in­<lb/>cluduntur in formis tigni, quod e&longs;t prope tergum muri <expan abbr="fornacũ">fornacum</expan> locati: quæ <lb/>tigna longa &longs;unt, exceptis capitibus, pedes duos, lata palmos tres & <expan abbr="totid&etilde;">totidem</expan> <lb/>digitos, cra&longs;&longs;a palmos duos. </s> <s>Sur&longs;um autem uer&longs;us ad palmos duos perforæ <lb/>ta &longs;unt: quorum <expan abbr="foraminũ">foraminum</expan> altitudo e&longs;t ad palmos tres, latitudo ad &longs;equipal­<lb/>mum: at interuallis paribus omnia tigna non di&longs;tinguuntur. </s> <s>Etenim <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> <lb/>à &longs;ecundo abe&longs;t pedes tres & digitos quinque: pari modo tertium à quarto: <lb/>&longs;ecundum uerò à tertio pedes duos, palmum unum, digitos tres: <expan abbr="reliquorũ">reliquorum</expan> <lb/>etiam tignorum interualla eodem modo pariter & impariter &longs;unt di&longs;tincta: <lb/>quorum ubique quaterna ad binas fornaces pertinent: &longs;ed eorundem tigno­<lb/>rum capita &longs;uperiora includuntur in formis trabis immi&longs;&longs;æ: quæ longa e&longs;t <lb/>pedes duodecim, palmos duos, digitos tres: nam extat è primo tigno &longs;tatu­<lb/>to digitos quinque, & totidem è quarto: &longs;ed lata e&longs;t palmos duos & totidem <lb/>digitos, cra&longs;&longs;a palmos duos. </s> <s>Quia uerò earum trabium &longs;ingulæ quaternos <lb/>folles &longs;u&longs;tentant, tria &longs;int, nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t. </s> <s>At è regione tignorum duodecim toti <lb/>dem <expan abbr="erigũtur">eriguntur</expan>: quorum &longs;ingulorum bina capita inferiora, nam ima quidem <lb/>parte, &longs;ed media, pror&longs;us exci&longs;a &longs;unt, includuntur in formis tigni po&longs;terioris <lb/>humi locati: ea uerò longa &longs;unt, exceptis capitibus, pedes duodecim & pal­<lb/>mos duos, lata palmos quinque, cra&longs;&longs;a duos. </s> <s>Ab infima autem parte &longs;ur&longs;um <lb/>uer&longs;us exci&longs;a &longs;unt: quæ pars caua alta e&longs;t pedes quatuor & digitos quinque, la <lb/>ta digitos &longs;ex: &longs;ed eorundem tignorum capita &longs;uperiora includuntur in for­<lb/>mis trabis ip&longs;is impo&longs;itæ: quæ arctè &longs;ubijcitur trabibus à tergo muri forna­<lb/>cum, et in po&longs;teriore muro collocatis. </s> <s>E&longs;t uerò lata palmos tres, cra&longs;&longs;a duos, <lb/>longa pedes tres & quadraginta. </s> <s>Quod &longs;i tam longa in promptu non fue­<lb/>rit, duæ tre&longs;úe in eius locum &longs;ub&longs;titui po&longs;&longs;unt, quæ iunctæ eandem <expan abbr="habeãt">habeant</expan> <lb/>longitudinem: &longs;ed ne hæc quidem tigna &longs;tatuta omnia paribus interuallis <lb/><expan abbr="di&longs;tinguũtur">di&longs;tinguuntur</expan>, &longs;ed primum à &longs;ecundo di&longs;tat pedibus duobus, palmis tribus, <lb/>digito uno: atque &longs;imiliter tertium à quarto di&longs;tat. </s> <s>Secundum uerò à tertio <lb/>pede uno et palmis tribus ac totidem digitos: quo modo etiam reliquorum <lb/>tignorum interualla pariter & impariter di&longs;tinguuntur. </s> <s>Cnique præterea ti­<lb/>gno &longs;tatuto quà &longs;pectat, oppo&longs;itum tignum &longs;tatutum forma e&longs;t &longs;upra <expan abbr="part&etilde;">partem</expan> <lb/>capitis cauam ad pedem & digitum: inque quatuor &longs;tatutorum formis <expan abbr="unũ">unum</expan> <lb/>includitur <expan abbr="tignũ">tignum</expan>: quod etiam ip&longs;um quatuor habet formas: itaque formæ in <lb/>formis inclu&longs;æ faciunt, ut melius <expan abbr="cõiungi">coniungi</expan>, clauisque ligneis transfigi po&longs;&longs;int. </s> <s><lb/>Id autem tignum longum e&longs;t pedes tredecim, palmos tres, digitum unum: <lb/>nam extat è primo tigno palmos duos & digitos duos: atque <expan abbr="totid&etilde;">totidem</expan> palmos <lb/>& digitos è quarto: latum uerò e&longs;t palmos duos & <expan abbr="totid&etilde;">totidem</expan> digitos, cra&longs;&longs;um <lb/><expan abbr="it&etilde;">item</expan> palmos duos. </s> <s>Quia uerò duodecim &longs;unt &longs;tatuta, tria &longs;int eiu&longs;modi tigna <lb/>nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t: uerùm in &longs;ingulis id genus tignis & &longs;ingulis trabibus, quæ mi­<pb pagenum="298"/>noribus &longs;tatutis &longs;unt impo&longs;itæ, <expan abbr="collocãtur">collocantur</expan> quatuor tigilla: quorum quodque<lb/>longum e&longs;t pedes nouem, latum palmos duos & digitos tres, cra&longs;&longs;um pal­<lb/>mos duos & digitum. </s> <s>Primum <expan abbr="aũt">aunt</expan> <expan abbr="tigillũ">tigillum</expan> di&longs;tat à &longs;ecundo pedibus quinque, <lb/>palmo uno, digito uno: & quidem tam priore quàm po&longs;teriore parte: nam <lb/>ibi extra &longs;tatuta tigna locantur &longs;ingula tigilla: pari &longs;pacio tertium di&longs;tat à <lb/>quarto: &longs;ed &longs;ecundum abe&longs;t à tertio pedem & digitos tres: atque eodem mo­<lb/>do reliqua octo tigilla interuallis di&longs;tinguuntur: quintum enim à &longs;exto, & <lb/>&longs;eptimum ab octauo di&longs;tat tanto &longs;pacio, quanto primum à &longs;ecundo & terti <lb/><gap/>m à quarto. </s> <s>At &longs;extum à &longs;eptimo tanto &longs;pacio, quanto &longs;ecundum à tertio. <lb/><gap/>na autem tigilla &longs;u&longs;tinent tabulam unam tran&longs;uer&longs;am, longam pedes &longs;ex, <lb/><gap/>atam pedem, cra&longs;&longs;am palmum: quæ à duobus po&longs;terioribus tignis &longs;tatutis <lb/>di&longs;tat pedibus tribus & palmis duobus. </s> <s>Cùm uerò tabulæ &longs;ex numero &longs;int, <lb/>in &longs;ingulis collocantur bini folles: quorum inferius tabulatum ex eis extat <lb/>palmum. </s> <s>Vtriu&longs;que uerò tabulati annulus ferreus per &longs;uum tabulæ foramen <lb/>de&longs;cendit: atque in eum adigitur pe&longs;&longs;ulus ligneus, ut ip&longs;um, &longs;icuti &longs;upra dixi, <lb/>permaneat immotum: at uterque follis procedit per &longs;ui tigilli tergum in fi&longs;tu <lb/>lam æneam, in qua utriu&longs;que naris collocatur capitibus eorum arctè coniun­<lb/>ctis. </s> <s>Sed fi&longs;tula lamina ænea uel ferrea e&longs;t complicata, longa pedem & pal­<lb/>mos duos ac totidem digitos, cra&longs;&longs;a &longs;emidigitum, inferiore tamen eius par­<lb/>te digitum: cuius prior caua pars e&longs;t lata digitos tres, alta digitos duos & di <lb/>midium: nam pror&longs;us teres non e&longs;t: po&longs;terior uerò lata e&longs;t pedem, palmos <lb/>duos, digitos tres. </s> <s>Lamina autem &longs;uperiore parte, qua complicatur, omni­<lb/>no non coniungitur, &longs;ed rima manet lata &longs;emidigitum: quæ po&longs;teriore par <lb/>te ad tres digitos dilatatur. </s> <s>Hæc fi&longs;tula imponitur in fornacis <expan abbr="foram&etilde;">foramen</expan>, quod <lb/>in medio muro & fornice e&longs;&longs;e dixi: &longs;ed nares <expan abbr="folliũ">follium</expan>, in hac fi&longs;tula collocatæ, <lb/>di&longs;tant à priore eius parte ad digitos quinque.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>T<emph type="italics"/>ignum prius humi &longs;tratum<emph.end type="italics"/> A. T<emph type="italics"/>ignum po&longs;terius in &longs;olo lo­<lb/>catum<emph.end type="italics"/> B. P<emph type="italics"/>riora tigna &longs;tatuta<emph.end type="italics"/> C. E<emph type="italics"/>orum foramina<emph.end type="italics"/> D. <lb/>T<emph type="italics"/>rabs immi&longs;&longs;a<emph.end type="italics"/> E. P<emph type="italics"/>ofteriora tigna &longs;tatuta<emph.end type="italics"/> F. E<emph type="italics"/>orum fo/ <lb/>ramina<emph.end type="italics"/> G. T<emph type="italics"/>rabs immi&longs;&longs;a<emph.end type="italics"/> H. T<emph type="italics"/>ignum in corum &longs;tatuto/ <lb/>rum formis inclu&longs;um<emph.end type="italics"/> I. T<emph type="italics"/>igilla<emph.end type="italics"/> K. T<emph type="italics"/>abulæ<emph.end type="italics"/> L. E<emph type="italics"/>arum <lb/>foramina<emph.end type="italics"/> M. F<emph type="italics"/>i&longs;tula<emph.end type="italics"/> N. E<emph type="italics"/>ius po&longs;terior pars<emph.end type="italics"/> O. <lb/>E<emph type="italics"/>ius prior pars<emph.end type="italics"/> P.</s></p><pb pagenum="299"/><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>At tigilla quæ longis axis dentibus depre&longs;&longs;a folles comprimunt, tot &longs;unt <lb/>numero quot folles. </s> <s>Quodque uerò inclu&longs;um in binorum <expan abbr="tignorũ">tignorum</expan> &longs;tatuto­<lb/>rum foraminibus, longum e&longs;t pedes octo & palmos tres, latum & cra&longs;&longs;um <lb/>palmum. </s> <s>Extat autem è priore tigno palmos duos & tantundem è po&longs;terio <lb/>re, ut ibi id ip&longs;um bini axis dentes <gap/>primere po&longs;&longs;int: qui non modo pene­<lb/>trant in po&longs;terioris tigni &longs;tatuti fo<gap/>amen, &longs;ed extra ad tres digitos <expan abbr="extãt">extant</expan>. </s> <s>Per <lb/>prioris præterea tigni &longs;tatuti foramen <expan abbr="rotũdum">rotundum</expan>, quod ad eius latera e&longs;t &longs;ur­<lb/>&longs;um uer&longs;us ad palmos tres & totidem digitos, atque per <expan abbr="foram&etilde;">foramen</expan> tigilli in ip&longs;o <lb/>inclu&longs;i penetrat axiculus ferreus: circa quem, quod uoluatur, tigillum depri <lb/>mi & attolli pote&longs;t: <expan abbr="quinetiã">quinetiam</expan> ip&longs;e axiculus uer&longs;atur. </s> <s>Cuiu&longs;que uerò tigilli pars <lb/>po&longs;terior ad cubiti longitudinem palmo & digito latior e&longs;t quàm reliqua, <lb/>ibique perforata: in quo foramine includitur uectis longus pedes &longs;ex & pal­<lb/>mos duos, latus tres digitos, cra&longs;&longs;us ferè &longs;e&longs;quidigitum, &longs;uperiore parte ali­<lb/>quantum curuus, ut ad follis caudam po&longs;&longs;it accedere. </s> <s>Verùm &longs;ub tigillo per <lb/>uectis foramen iccirco penetrat clauus, ut ip&longs;e tigillum <expan abbr="&longs;ecũ">&longs;ecum</expan> attollat. </s> <s>Vectis <lb/>autem à &longs;uperiore parte deor&longs;um uer&longs;us ad digitos &longs;ex perforatus e&longs;t: quod <lb/>foramen longum e&longs;t palmos duos, latius digito: in ip&longs;um inijcitur uncus in <lb/>&longs;trumenti ferrei, quod cra&longs;&longs;um e&longs;t digitum: &longs;uperiore parte formatum in fi­<lb/>guram annuli uel rotundi, uel quadranguli, cuius pars caua e&longs;t, lata duos di <pb pagenum="300"/>gitos: inferiore <expan abbr="uncinatũ">uncinatum</expan>. </s> <s>Eiu&longs;modi uerò annulus altus & latus e&longs;t digitos <lb/>duos: at uncus altus e&longs;t digitos tres. </s> <s>Talis autem in&longs;trumenti pars media in­<lb/>ter annulum & uncum longa e&longs;t palmos tres, & digitos duos. </s> <s>Sed in annu­<lb/>lo huius <expan abbr="in&longs;trum&etilde;ti">in&longs;trumenti</expan> inclu&longs;a e&longs;t uel cauda follis, uel annulus magnus eam pre <lb/>hendens, qui cra&longs;&longs;us e&longs;t digitum: eiu&longs;dem &longs;uperior caua pars lata e&longs;t palmos <lb/>duos, inferior digitos duos: alter annulus ferreus, priori <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> di&longs;&longs;imilis, retro <lb/>caudam follis <expan abbr="preh&etilde;dit">prehendit</expan>: is angu&longs;tiorem partem &longs;ur&longs;um uer&longs;us habet: in qua <lb/>inclu&longs;us e&longs;t annellus alterius <expan abbr="in&longs;trum&etilde;ti">in&longs;trumenti</expan> ferrei &longs;imilis priori: cuius uncus ad <lb/>&longs;uperiora tendens prehendit funem religatum ab annulo ferreo <expan abbr="preh&etilde;den-te">prehenden­<lb/>te</expan> caput tigni, de quo mox dicturus &longs;um. </s> <s>Vel contra ferreus annulus caput <lb/>tigni prehendit, in unco autem inclu&longs;us e&longs;t annellus alterius in&longs;trumenti fer <lb/>rei, cuius annulus caudam follis cingit: quo modo carent fune. </s> <s>Porrò trabi­<lb/>bus in duobus muris collocatis imponitur trabs à tignis &longs;uperioribus &longs;tatu <lb/>tis <expan abbr="di&longs;tãs">di&longs;tans</expan> pedibus quatuor & dimidio: quæ lata e&longs;t palmos duos, cra&longs;&longs;a &longs;e&longs;­<lb/>quipalmum: in cuius forma includitur inferius caput tigni &longs;tatuti, longi ex­<lb/>ceptis capitibus pedes &longs;ex & palmos duos, lati palmos tres, cra&longs;&longs;i duos. </s> <s>Eiu&longs; <lb/>modi uerò caput &longs;uperius includitur in forma alterius tigni: quod arctè &longs;ub <lb/>ijcitur tignis, quæ ex &longs;tatutis ad obliqua <expan abbr="pertin&etilde;t">pertinent</expan>. </s> <s>Id uerò tignum latum e&longs;t <lb/>palmos duos, cra&longs;&longs;um unum. </s> <s>Tignum præterea &longs;tatutum &longs;ur&longs;um uer&longs;us ad <lb/>duos pedes perforatum e&longs;t: quod foramen altum e&longs;t pedes duos, latum di­<lb/>gitos &longs;ex. </s> <s>Per eiu&longs;dem tigni foramen <expan abbr="rotundũ">rotundum</expan>, quod ad ip&longs;ius latera e&longs;t &longs;ur­<lb/>&longs;um uer&longs;us ad tres pedes & palmum, atque per foramen tigni, in ip&longs;o inclu&longs;i, <lb/>penetrat axiculus ferreus: circa quem, quia uer&longs;atur <expan abbr="tignũ">tignum</expan>, deprimi & attol­<lb/>li pote&longs;t: quod longum e&longs;t pedes octo. </s> <s>Eius alterum caput &longs;uperiore parte <lb/>altius e&longs;t reliquo corpore ad tres digitos, &longs;ub qua eminentia formam habet <lb/>latam digitos duos, altam tres, in qua inclu&longs;us e&longs;t annulus ferreus, à quo fu­<lb/>nem religatum e&longs;&longs;e dixi. </s> <s>Is longus e&longs;t palmos quinque. </s> <s>Superior eius pars ca <lb/>ua e&longs;t lata palmos duos & totidem digitos, inferior palmum & digitum: ei­<lb/>u&longs;dem tigni dimidia pars, de cuius capite iam feci <expan abbr="mention&etilde;">mentionem</expan>, alta e&longs;t palmos <lb/>tres, cra&longs;&longs;a unum: extatque è tigni &longs;tatuti foramine, in quo inclu&longs;um e&longs;t, tres <lb/>pedes. </s> <s>Dimidia uerò, cuius caput &longs;pectat tergum muri fornacum, alta e&longs;t pe <lb/>dem & palmum, cra&longs;&longs;a pedem: &longs;upra quam partem &longs;tatuta & affixa e&longs;t cap&longs;a <lb/>longa pedes tres & dimidium, lata pedem & palmum, alta &longs;emipedem. </s> <s>Ea <lb/>uerò uariat: nam inferius aut angu&longs;tior e&longs;t, aut æquè ac &longs;uperius lata: utraque<lb/>lapidibus & terra completur, ut pondero&longs;a fiat. </s> <s>Hoc <expan abbr="aut&etilde;">autem</expan> excoctori cauen­<lb/>dum & prouidendum e&longs;t, ne lapides crebro motu ex cap&longs;a ex cidant: quod <lb/>ip&longs;um efficiet bacillo ferreo ex utraque parte cuneato, &longs;i id cap&longs;æ <expan abbr="&longs;uperiniectũ">&longs;uperiniectum</expan> <lb/>utrinque in tignum egerit: lapides enim retinere pote&longs;t. </s> <s>Quidam cap&longs;æ loco <lb/>in <expan abbr="tignũ">tignum</expan> infigunt bacilla quatuor, pluráue, atque inter ea lutum in <expan abbr="terijciũt">terijciunt</expan>, ut <lb/>quoties res po&longs;tulauerit, toties ad <expan abbr="põdus">pondus</expan> addere, uel de eo adimere po&longs;&longs;int.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>T<emph type="italics"/>igillum quod axis de ntibus depre&longs;&longs;um follem comprimit<emph.end type="italics"/> A. F<emph type="italics"/>oramina tignorum <lb/>&longs;tatutorum<emph.end type="italics"/> B. V<emph type="italics"/>ectis<emph.end type="italics"/> C. F<emph type="italics"/>erreum in&longs;trumentum cui annulus quadrangulus<emph.end type="italics"/> D. <lb/>F<emph type="italics"/>erreum in&longs;trumentum cui annulus rotundus<emph.end type="italics"/> E. C<emph type="italics"/>auda follis<emph.end type="italics"/> F. <lb/>T<emph type="italics"/>ignum &longs;tatutum<emph.end type="italics"/> G. T<emph type="italics"/>ignum inclu&longs;um<emph.end type="italics"/> H. C<emph type="italics"/>ap&longs;a æqualiter <lb/>lata<emph.end type="italics"/> I. C<emph type="italics"/>ap&longs;a inferius angu&longs;ta<emph.end type="italics"/> K. B<emph type="italics"/>acilla tigno infixa<emph.end type="italics"/> L.</s></p><pb pagenum="301"/><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Re&longs;tat de u&longs;u, in quo e&longs;t hoc organum. </s> <s><expan abbr="Tigillũ">Tigillum</expan> ab axis dentibus depre&longs;­<lb/>&longs;um comprimit follem: is compre&longs;&longs;us flatum per narem emittit: rur&longs;us uerò <lb/>ip&longs;ius cap&longs;æ pondere leuatus concipit flatum, qui per foramen &longs;piritale in i­<lb/>p&longs;um penetrat. </s> <s>Sed machina, cuius dentes tigilla deprimunt, ita &longs;e habet. </s> <s><lb/>Primo fit axis, ad cuius alterum caput extra domicilium e&longs;t rota, ad alterum <lb/>intra <expan abbr="domiciliũ">domicilium</expan> tympanum è fu&longs;is con&longs;tans: quod conficitur ex duobus or­<lb/>bibus duplicatis inter &longs;e di&longs;tantibus pede, cra&longs;&longs;is digitos quinque, altis <expan abbr="circũ-circa">circun­<lb/>circa</expan> pedem & digitos duos. </s> <s>Duplicia autem &longs;unt: nam uterque ex binis orbi <lb/>bus æquè cra&longs;&longs;is compo&longs;itus e&longs;t: atque clauis ligneis conglutinatus: quineti­<lb/>am interdum uterque &longs;uperius circumcirca laminis ferreis obductus e&longs;t: fu&longs;i <lb/>uerò &longs;unt numero triginta, longi pedem & palmos duos ac <expan abbr="totid&etilde;">totidem</expan> digitos: <lb/>utrinque in orbe includuntur: teretes &longs;unt & lati digitos tres. </s> <s>Di&longs;tant <expan abbr="ctiã">ctiam</expan> in­<lb/>ter &longs;e totidem digitis. </s> <s>Atque hoc &longs;ane modo &longs;e habet tympanum quod ex fu­<lb/>&longs;is con&longs;tat. </s> <s>Alterum uerò <expan abbr="dentatũ">dentatum</expan> e&longs;t ad alterius axis caput: cuius orbis du­<lb/>plicatus cra&longs;&longs;us e&longs;t palmos duos & digitum: eius orbis interior, qui compo <lb/>&longs;itus e&longs;t ex quatuor curuaturis, cra&longs;&longs;us e&longs;t palmum: ubique latus palmos du­<lb/>os & digitum. </s> <s>Exterior uerò, qui eodem modo, quo interior, factus e&longs;t ex <lb/>quatuor curuaturis, cra&longs;&longs;us e&longs;t palmum & digitum: non æqualiter latus, &longs;ed <lb/>ubi in eum includitur caput radij, latus e&longs;t pedem & palmum, & digitum, <pb pagenum="302"/>Deinde utrobique paulatim fit angu&longs;tior, adeo ut angu&longs;ti&longs;&longs;ima eius pars tan <lb/>tummodo lata fiat palmos duos & totidem digitos. </s> <s>Sed curuaturæ exterio <lb/>res cum interioribus &longs;ic committuntur, ut quæque exterior in medio interio­<lb/>ris finiatur: & contra quæque interior in medio exterioris: quali compactio­<lb/>ne tympanum firmius fieri dubium <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> e&longs;t. </s> <s>Curuaturæ præterea exteriores <lb/>cum interiorib. </s> <s><expan abbr="cõglutinãtur">conglutinantur</expan> crebris clauis ligneis. </s> <s>Curuatura uerò quæque, <lb/>&longs;i eam per tergum <expan abbr="rotundũ">rotundum</expan> dimetimur, longa e&longs;t pedes quatuor & palmos <lb/>tres. </s> <s>Verùm radij &longs;unt quatuor, lati palmos duos, cra&longs;&longs;i palmum & <expan abbr="digitũ">digitum</expan>, <lb/>longi exceptis capitibus pedes duos & digitos tres: quorum alterum caput <lb/>includitur in axe, ibique paxillis adactis firmatur: alterum in trianguli <expan abbr="figurã">figuram</expan> <lb/>formatum in curuaturæ exterioris, ip&longs;i oppo&longs;itæ, partem latiorem includi­<lb/>tur: partim &longs;uam &longs;eruans figuram tam altè quàm curuatura <expan abbr="a&longs;c&etilde;dit">a&longs;cendit</expan>, ligneoque<lb/>clauo cum ip&longs;a coniungitur & conglutinatur: qui clauus &longs;ub interiore orbe <lb/>infigitur in radio: &longs;ed pars radij in <expan abbr="triãguli">trianguli</expan> figuram formata interior e&longs;t, &longs;im­<lb/>plex exterior. </s> <s>At <expan abbr="triãgulus">triangulus</expan> i&longs;te duo latera habet æqualia, erecta &longs;cilicet, quæ <lb/>longa &longs;unt palmum. </s> <s>Eis uerò &longs;ubiectum e&longs;t inæquale, nam longum digitos <lb/>quinque. </s> <s>Ad eandem figuram pars ex curuatura exci&longs;a e&longs;t. </s> <s>Porrò tympanum <lb/>dentes habet numero &longs;exaginta: quia enim nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t tympanum, cui &longs;unt <lb/>fu&longs;i, bis uerti anteaquam hoc ip&longs;um &longs;emel uertatur, tot &longs;int oportet: longi<gap/>u <lb/>tem &longs;unt pedem. </s> <s>Extant enim ex tympani orbe interiore palmum, ex exteri <lb/>ore digitos tres: at lati &longs;unt palmum, cra&longs;&longs;i digitos duos & dimidium. </s> <s>Vtau <lb/>tem unus ab altero di&longs;tet digitis tribus <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> aliter ac fu&longs;i, ip&longs;a res po&longs;tulat. </s> <s>A­<lb/>xis autem cra&longs;&longs;itudo &longs;ecundum proportionem radiorum & curuaturarum <lb/>debet confici. </s> <s>Quoniam uerò bini eius dentes &longs;ingula deprimunt tigilla, i­<lb/>p&longs;um <expan abbr="d&etilde;tes">dentes</expan> habere quatuor & uiginti nece&longs;&longs;e e&longs;t: quorum qui&longs;que ex eo ex­<lb/>tet pedem & palmum ac digitum: figuram ferè habens &longs;emicirculi, cuius la­<lb/>tior pars lata &longs;it palmos tres & <expan abbr="digitũ">digitum</expan>: quæque uerò cra&longs;&longs;a palmum. </s> <s>Sed den­<lb/>tes di&longs;tribuendi &longs;unt &longs;ecundum has quatuor axis partes &longs;uperiorem & infe <lb/>riorem atque duas quæ &longs;unt à lateribus: itaque axis habeat duodecim forami­<lb/>na: quorum primum ex &longs;uperiore parte per eum penetret in inferiorem: &longs;e­<lb/>cundum ex uno latere in alterum. </s> <s>Primum autem di&longs;tet à &longs;ecundo pedibus <lb/>quatuor & palmis duobus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Eod&etilde;">Eodem</expan> modo bina quæque foramina, quæ &longs;equun <lb/>tur, &longs;e habeant, & ij&longs;dem interuallis di&longs;tinguantur: cùm præterea dentes &longs;in <lb/>guli &longs;ingulis <expan abbr="debeãt">debeant</expan> e&longs;&longs;e oppo&longs;iti, primus includitur in primi foraminis par <lb/>tem &longs;uperiorem, &longs;ecundus in eiu&longs;dem partem inferiorem, paxillisque adactis <lb/>firmantur ne ex eis excidant. </s> <s>Tertius uerò includitur in &longs;ecundi foraminis <lb/>partem, quæ e&longs;t à dextro latere. </s> <s>Quartus in eiu&longs;dem partem, quæ e&longs;t à &longs;ini­<lb/>&longs;tro: pari modo alij dentes in cluduntur in &longs;equentia foramina: qua ratione <lb/>fit, ut dentes uici&longs;&longs;im tigilla deprimant. </s> <s>Po&longs;tremò ne hoc quidem omitten­<lb/>dum, multis unum tantummodo e&longs;&longs;e axem, cui dentes &longs;imul & rota &longs;int.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>A<emph type="italics"/>xis<emph.end type="italics"/> A. R<emph type="italics"/>ota<emph.end type="italics"/> B. T<emph type="italics"/>ympanum ex fu&longs;is con&longs;tans<emph.end type="italics"/> C. <lb/>A<emph type="italics"/>lter axis<emph.end type="italics"/> D. T<emph type="italics"/>ympanum dentatum<emph.end type="italics"/> E. E<emph type="italics"/>ius radij<emph.end type="italics"/> F. <lb/>E<emph type="italics"/>iu&longs;dem curuaturæ<emph.end type="italics"/> G. E<emph type="italics"/>iu&longs;dem dentes<emph.end type="italics"/> H. A<emph type="italics"/>xis dentes<emph.end type="italics"/> I.</s></p><pb pagenum="303"/><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Hæc hactenus pluribus uerbis: quæ tamen non intempe&longs;tiue hoc loco <lb/>per&longs;ecutus uideri po&longs;&longs;um, quod &longs;ine his omnibus metallorum conflatura, <lb/>ad quam nunc aggrediar, fieri non po&longs;&longs;it. </s> <s>Venarum autem auri, argenti, æ­<lb/>ris, plumbi nigri in fornacibus excoquendarum quatuor &longs;unt rationes: una <lb/>auri uel argenti diuitum, altera mediocrium, tertia pauperum, quarta <expan abbr="earũ">earum</expan>, <lb/>quæ æs uel plumbum in &longs;e continent: &longs;iue precio&longs;um metallum in eis in&longs;it, <lb/>&longs;iue illo careant. </s> <s>Prima uenarum excoctio perficitur in fornace, cuius os ad <lb/>tempus clau&longs;um e&longs;t: reliquæ tres in fornacibus, <expan abbr="quarũ">quarum</expan> os &longs;emper patet. </s> <s>Sed <lb/>primò dicam quomodo fornaces ad excoquendas uenas &longs;int præparandæ: <lb/>& de prima excoquendi ratione. </s> <s>Puluis quidem è quo focus & catinus con <lb/>fici &longs;olent, fit ex carbonibus & terra: carbones pilis &longs;ubiecti <expan abbr="cõtunduntur">contunduntur</expan> in <lb/>cap&longs;a: quæ priore parte &longs;uperius occluditur tabella, inferius ex eius parte pa <lb/>tente carbones in puluerem contriti excidunt. </s> <s>Pila uerò non &longs;unt præferra­<lb/>ta, &longs;ed lignea pror&longs;us. </s> <s>Attamen ima parte lato circulo ferreo cinguntur.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>C<emph type="italics"/>arbones<emph.end type="italics"/> A. C<emph type="italics"/>ap&longs;a<emph.end type="italics"/> B. P<emph type="italics"/>ila<emph.end type="italics"/> C.</s></p><pb pagenum="304"/><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Puluis autem in quem carbones &longs;unt contriti, uel ab ij&longs;dem re&longs;olutus <expan abbr="cõ">com</expan> <lb/>ijcitur in cribrum, cuius fundum e&longs;t bracteis contextum ligneis: quod cri­<lb/>brum ducitur & reducitur, aut in duobus ligneis uel ferreis bacillis ad trian <lb/>guli &longs;imilitudinem &longs;uper uas locatis, aut in &longs;camno excauato & po&longs;ito in of­<lb/>ficinæ &longs;olo: puluis qui decidit in uas uel in officinæ &longs;olum ad hanc tempera­<lb/>turam utilis e&longs;t: carbunculi uerò, qui in cribro reman&longs;erunt, ex eo effundun <lb/>tur, rur&longs;usque &longs;ubijciuntur &longs;ub pila.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>V<emph type="italics"/>as<emph.end type="italics"/> A. B<emph type="italics"/>acilla<emph.end type="italics"/> B. C<emph type="italics"/>ribrum<emph.end type="italics"/> C. S<emph type="italics"/>camnum excauatum<emph.end type="italics"/> D.</s></p><pb pagenum="305"/><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>At terra effo&longs;&longs;a primò in &longs;ole exponitur ut &longs;icce&longs;cat: deinde batillo inijci­<lb/>tur in cratem colurnis uiminibus cra&longs;&longs;is, &longs;ed <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> contiguis, contextam & ob <lb/>liquè erectam, & perticæ innixam: quo modo terra minuta & eius glebulæ <lb/>per cratis foramina penetrant, glebæ & lapides non penetrantes deor&longs;um <lb/>feruntur in &longs;olum: terra, quæ per cratem penetrauit, ci&longs;io biroto inuehitur <lb/>in officinam, ibique cribratur. </s> <s>Cribrum autem, quod &longs;uperiori non e&longs;t di&longs;&longs;i­<lb/>mile, ducitur & reducitur in tabellis æqualiter cap&longs;æ longæ impo&longs;itis: pul­<lb/>uis, qui è cribro decidit in cap&longs;am, ad hanc <expan abbr="cõpo&longs;itionem">compo&longs;itionem</expan> aptus e&longs;t. </s> <s>Glebas <lb/>uerò, quæ in eo reman&longs;erunt, alij abijciunt, alij &longs;ub pila &longs;ubijciunt: talis pul­<lb/>uis terrenus cum puluere carbonum permi&longs;cendus & madefaciendus in fo <lb/>ueam quandam, ut diutius bonus permaneat, conijcitur: & a&longs;&longs;eribus, ut im <lb/>purus non fiat, contegitur.</s></p><p type="caption"> <s>C<emph type="italics"/>rates<emph.end type="italics"/> A. P<emph type="italics"/>ertica<emph.end type="italics"/> B. B<emph type="italics"/>atillum<emph.end type="italics"/> C. C<emph type="italics"/>i&longs;ium birotum<emph.end type="italics"/> D. <lb/>C<emph type="italics"/>ribrum<emph.end type="italics"/> E. T<emph type="italics"/>abellæ<emph.end type="italics"/> F. C<emph type="italics"/>ap&longs;a<emph.end type="italics"/> G. F<emph type="italics"/>ouea contecta<emph.end type="italics"/> H.</s></p><pb pagenum="306"/><figure></figure><p type="main"> <s>Duas autem pulueris carbonum partes accipito, & unam pulueris terræ <lb/>contu&longs;æ, eosque pulueres inter &longs;e ra&longs;tello bene mi&longs;ceto: tum aquam <expan abbr="infund&etilde;s">infundens</expan> <lb/>ita madefacito, ut in pilæ figuram niuis in&longs;tar facile formari po&longs;&longs;it. </s> <s>Talis qui <lb/>dem puluis &longs;i leuis fuerit, magis madefiat aqua: &longs;i grauis, minus. </s> <s>Sed fornaci <lb/>nouæ tantummodo lutum interius illinatur: cùm ut hiantium parietum ca <lb/&g