with Oil, it grows pale; wa&longs;h'd with Red <lb/>
Wine, it turns of a dirty brown; with Water, <lb/>
kept &longs;ome time in Che&longs;&longs;nut-wood, it changes <lb/>
quite thro' to black, and is &longs;o totally &longs;tain'd, <lb/>
that no &longs;craping will fetch out the Spots. </s> <s>For <lb/>
this Rea&longs;on the Ancients u&longs;ed Marble in their <lb/>
Works naked, and if po&longs;&longs;ible without the <lb/>
lea&longs;t Mortar: But of the&longs;e hereafter.</s>

 <s>CHAP. X.</s>

 <s><emph type="italics"/>Of the true Manner of Working the Wall, and of the Agreement there is be<lb/>
tween Stone and Sand.<emph.end type="italics"/></s>

 <s>Now as it is the Bu&longs;ine&longs;s of an expert <lb/>
Workman, not &longs;o much to make <lb/>
Choice of the fitte&longs;t Materials, as to put tho&longs;e <lb/>
which he is &longs;upplied with to the be&longs;t and <lb/>
propere&longs;t U&longs;es; we will proceed on our Sub<lb/>
ject in this Manner. </s> <s>Lime is well burnt, when <lb/>
after it has been water'd, and the Heat gone <lb/>
out of it, it ri&longs;es up like the Froth of Milk, <lb/>
and &longs;wells all the Clods. </s> <s>Its not having been <lb/>
long enough &longs;oak'd you may know by the little <lb/>
Stones you will find in it when you mix the <lb/>
Sand with it. </s> <s>If you put too much Sand to it, <lb/>
it will be too &longs;harp to cement well; if you <lb/>
put le&longs;s than its Nature and Strength requires, <lb/>
it will be as &longs;tiff as Glue, and is not to be <lb/>
managed. </s> <s>Such as is not thoroughly &longs;oak'd, <lb/>
or that is weaker upon any other Account, <lb/>
may be u&longs;ed with le&longs;s Danger in the Foundation <lb/>
than in the Wall, and in the Stuffing than in <lb/>
Shells. </s> <s>But the Corners, the Ribs, and the <lb/>
Band-&longs;tones mu&longs;t be entirely free from Mortar <lb/>
that has the lea&longs;t Defect; and Arches e&longs;peci<lb/>
ally require the very be&longs;t of all. </s> <s>The Corners, <lb/>
and Ribs, and the Band-&longs;tones, and Cornices <lb/>
require the fine&longs;t, &longs;malle&longs;t and cleare&longs;t Sand, <lb/>
particularly when they are built of poli&longs;hed <lb/>
Stone. </s> <s>The Stuffing may be done with <lb/>
coar&longs;er Stone.</s>

 <s>STONE in its Nature dry and thir&longs;ty, agrees <lb/>
not ill with River-&longs;and. </s> <s>Stone in its Nature <lb/>
moi&longs;t and watery, delights in Pit-&longs;and. </s> <s>I <lb/>
would not have Sea-&longs;and u&longs;ed towards the <lb/>
South; it may perhaps do better again&longs;t the <lb/>
Northern Winds. </s> <s>For &longs;mall Stones, a thick <lb/>
lean Mortar is be&longs;t; to a dry exhau&longs;ted Stone, <lb/>
we &longs;hould u&longs;e a fat Sort; though the Ancients <lb/>
were of Opinion that in all Parts of the Walls <lb/>
the fatti&longs;h Sort is more tenacious than the lean. <lb/>
</s> <s>Great Stones they always lay upon a very &longs;oft <lb/>
fluid Mortar, &longs;o that it rather &longs;eems de&longs;ign'd <lb/>
to lubricate and make the Bed they are laid <lb/>
upon &longs;lippery, to the Intent, that while they <lb/>
are fixing in their Places they may be ea&longs;y to <lb/>
move with the Hand, then to cement and <lb/>
fa&longs;ten them together. </s> <s>But it is certainly proper <lb/>
to lay a &longs;oft Stuff underneath in this Manner, <lb/>
like a Pillow, to prevent the Stones, which <lb/>
have a great Weight lying upon them, from <lb/>
breaking. </s> <s>There are &longs;ome, who ob&longs;erving <lb/>
here and there in the Works of the Ancients, <lb/>
large Stones, which where they join &longs;eem <lb/>
dawb'd over with red Earth, imagine that the <lb/>
Ancients u&longs;ed that in&longs;tead of Mortar. </s> <s>I do <lb/>
not think this probable, becau&longs;e we never find <lb/>
both Sides, but only one of them, &longs;mear'd <lb/>
with this Sort of Stuff. </s> <s>There are &longs;ome other <lb/>
Rules concerning the Working of our Walls, <lb/>
not to be neglected. </s> <s>We ought never to fall <lb/>
upon our Work with a violent Ha&longs;te, heaping <lb/>
one Stone upon another, in a Kind tumul<lb/>
tuousHurry, without the lea&longs;t Re&longs;pite: Neither <lb/>
ought we, after we have began to build, to <lb/>
delay it with a &longs;luggi&longs;h Heavine&longs;s, as if we had <lb/>
no Stomach to what we are about; but we <lb/>
ought to follow our Work with &longs;uch a rea&longs;on<lb/>
able Di&longs;patch, that Speed and Con&longs;ideration <lb/>
may appear to go Hand in Hand together. <lb/>
</s> <s>Experienced Workmen forewarn us again&longs;t <lb/>
rai&longs;ing the Structure too high, before what we <lb/>
have already done is thoroughly &longs;ettled; be<lb/>
cau&longs;e the Work, while it is fre&longs;h and &longs;oft, is <lb/>
too weak and pliable to bear a Super&longs;tructure. <lb/>
</s> <s>We may take Example from the Swallows, <lb/>
taught by Nature, which when they build <lb/>
their Ne&longs;ts, fir&longs;t dawb or glue over the Beams <lb/>
which are to be the Foundation and Ba&longs;is of <lb/>
their Edifice, and then are not too ha&longs;ty to <lb/>
lay the &longs;econd dawbing over this, but inter<lb/>
mit the Work till the fir&longs;t is &longs;ufficiently dry'd; <lb/>
after which they continue their Building rea&longs;on<lb/>
ably and properly. </s> <s>They &longs;ay the Mortar has <lb/>
taken &longs;ufficient hold when it puts forth a Kind <lb/>
of Mo&longs;s or little Flower well known to Ma&longs;ons. <lb/>
</s> <s>At what Di&longs;tances it is proper to re&longs;pite the <lb/>
we may gather from the Thickne&longs;s of the <lb/>
Wall it&longs;elf, and from the Temperature of the </s>