unload the Barge, which by that Means ri&longs;ing <lb/>
higher in the Water, will pull up what is tyed <lb/>
to it. </s> <s>It will be a Help to the Operation, if <lb/>
you keep the Ve&longs;&longs;el &longs;tirring about by moving <lb/>
the Rudder backwards and forwards while you <lb/>
are unloading it; to &longs;hew the U&longs;e of which, <lb/>
I &longs;hall ju&longs;t mention, that in the Country of <lb/>
<emph type="italics"/>Præne&longs;te<emph.end type="italics"/> I have &longs;een a moi&longs;t Sort of Clay into <lb/>
which if you run a Stick or a Sword but the <lb/>
Depth of a &longs;ingle Cubit, it was not by the <lb/>
Force of a Man's Arm to be got out again by <lb/>
pulling; but if as you pulled you wriggled <lb/>
your Arm backwards and forwards as Men do <lb/>
that are turning a Skrew, it would ea&longs;ily come <lb/>
forth. </s> <s>At <emph type="italics"/>Genoa<emph.end type="italics"/> there was a Rock lying un<lb/>
der the Surface of the Water &longs;o as to &longs;top up <lb/>
the Entrance into the Port. </s> <s>A Man was found <lb/>
in our Age, endued with &longs;urprizing Qualifica<lb/>
tions both of Art and Nature, who broke it <lb/>
away, and laid the Pa&longs;&longs;age very wide. </s> <s>It is <lb/>
&longs;aid, that this Man u&longs;ed to &longs;tay under Water <lb/>
many Hours together, without ever coming <lb/>
up to take Breath. </s> <s>You may take up the Mud <lb/>
from the Bottom by means of an Oy&longs;ter-net <lb/>
covered with Tarpawlins; for as you draw it <lb/>
along it will fill it&longs;elf. </s> <s>You may al&longs;o fetch it <lb/>
up from the Bottom, where the Sea is &longs;hallow, <lb/>
with the following Contrivance. </s> <s>You mu&longs;t <lb/>
have two Smacks, like tho&longs;e of Fi&longs;hermen; in <lb/>
the Stern of one of the&longs;e you mu&longs;t have an <lb/>
Axis upon which a very long Pole mu&longs;t &longs;wing <lb/>
like the Beam of a Balance; to that End of <lb/>
the Pole which lies out from the Stern mu&longs;t <lb/>
be fa&longs;ten'd a Shovel three Foot broad and &longs;ix <lb/>
long. </s> <s>By lowering down this Shovel to the <lb/>
Bottom you &longs;coop up the Mud, and &longs;o throw <lb/>
it into the other Smack which lies by for that <lb/>
Purpo&longs;e. </s> <s>From the&longs;e Principles many other <lb/>
Engines yet more u&longs;eful may be contrived; <lb/>
but to &longs;peak of them here would be too tedi<lb/>
ous. </s> <s>And thus much may &longs;uffice for cleaning <lb/>
any Channel. </s> <s>The Locks in a River are made <lb/>
either by Sluices or Flood-gates. </s> <s>For either of <lb/>
the&longs;e the Sides mu&longs;t be made full as &longs;trong as <lb/>
the Piers of a Bridge. </s> <s>We may draw up the <lb/>
heavie&longs;t Sluice without Danger to our Men, by <lb/>
applying to the Spindle or Windle&longs;s which is <lb/>
to draw up the Sluice Wheels notch'd with <lb/>
Teeth like the Wheels in a Clock, which mu&longs;t <lb/>
take hold of the Teeth of the other Spindle <lb/>
which is to be put in Motion by them. </s> <s>But <lb/>
the mo&longs;t convenient of all is the Flood-gate, <lb/>
which in the Middle has a Spindle that turns <lb/>
upon a perpendicular Axis; to this Spindle is <lb/>
fa&longs;tened a broad &longs;quare Valve, like the &longs;quare <lb/>
Sail of a Barge which may be ea&longs;ily turned <lb/>
about to which Side of the Ve&longs;&longs;el the Ma&longs;ter <lb/>
plea&longs;es; but the two Sides of this Valve &longs;hall <lb/>
not be exactly equal to one another in Breadth, <lb/>
but let one be above three Inches narrower <lb/>
than the other; by which means it may be <lb/>
opened by a Child, and will &longs;hut again of <lb/>
it&longs;elf; becau&longs;e the Weight of the broader Side <lb/>
will exceed that of the Narrower. </s> <s>To <lb/>
each Lock you ought to make two Stops, <lb/>
cutting the River in two Places, and leaving <lb/>
a Space between them equal to the Length of <lb/>
a Ve&longs;&longs;el, to the Intent, that if the Ve&longs;&longs;el is to <lb/>
a&longs;cend, when it comes to the Stop the lower <lb/>
Sluice may be &longs;hut the upper one opened; or <lb/>
if it be to de&longs;cend, the upper one may be &longs;hut <lb/>
and the lower opened; for by this means the <lb/>
Ve&longs;&longs;el will run down with the lower Part of <lb/>
the Stream, while the re&longs;t of the Water is <lb/>
&longs;topp'd by the upper Sluice. </s> <s>There is one <lb/>
Thing which I mu&longs;t not omit concerning <lb/>
publick Ways, that I may have no Occa&longs;ion <lb/>
for Repetition; namely, that the Streets of a <lb/>
Town ought never to be heaped up with any <lb/>
Sort of Rubbi&longs;h, as it is grown a bad Cu&longs;tom <lb/>
to do under the Notion of mending them, <lb/>
which &longs;hould rather be done by removing and <lb/>
carrying away all the Superfluities; le&longs;t the <lb/>
Hou&longs;es come in Time to be buried, and the <lb/>
Level of the Town to be &longs;unk under Rub<lb/>
bi&longs;h.</s>

 <s>CHAP. XIII.</s>

 <s><emph type="italics"/>Of the Remedies for &longs;ome other Inconveniencies.<emph.end type="italics"/></s>

 <s>I shall now proceed to the Remedies for &longs;ome <lb/>
other Inconveniencies of &longs;maller Moment; <lb/>
in which I &longs;hall be as brief as po&longs;&longs;ible. </s> <s>In <lb/>
&longs;ome Places, upon bringing Water to them, <lb/>
the Country has been made warmer; in others, <lb/>
colder. </s> <s>Near <emph type="italics"/>Lari&longs;&longs;a<emph.end type="italics"/> in <emph type="italics"/>The&longs;&longs;aly<emph.end type="italics"/> there was a <lb/>
Field covered with a &longs;tanding Water, which <lb/>
made the Air heavy and hot. </s> <s>Upon carrying <lb/>
off this Water, and laying the Field dry, the <lb/>
Country became cooler. </s> <s>The contrary hap