<s>CHAP. XII.</s>

 <s><emph type="italics"/>Of the Apertures in the Building, that is to &longs;ay of the Windows and Doors, <lb/>
and of tho&longs;e which do not take up the whole Thickne&longs;s of the Wall, and their <lb/>
Number and Sizes.<emph.end type="italics"/></s>

 <s>We are now come to treat of the Aper<lb/>
tures, which are of two Sorts, the one <lb/>
&longs;erving for the Admi&longs;&longs;ion of Light and Air, <lb/>
and the other for the Entrance and Pa&longs;&longs;age of <lb/>
the Inhabitants, and of all Manner of Con<lb/>
veniencies all thro' the Hou&longs;e. </s> <s>Tho&longs;e for <lb/>
Light are the Windows; tho&longs;e for Pa&longs;&longs;age, the <lb/>
Doors, Stairs, and the Spaces between the <lb/>
Columns: Tho&longs;e too which are for the carrying <lb/>
away of Water and Smoak, as Wells, Sinks, <lb/>
the Gullets, as we may call them of Chimneys, <lb/>
the Mouths of Ovens and Furnaces are al&longs;o <lb/>
called Apertures. </s> <s>No Room ought to be <lb/>
without a Window, by which the inclo&longs;ed <lb/>
Air may be let out and renew'd, becau&longs;e el&longs;e <lb/>
it will corrupt and grow unwhole&longs;ome. <emph type="italics"/>Capi<lb/>
tolinus<emph.end type="italics"/> the Hi&longs;torian relates, that in the Tem<lb/>
ple of <emph type="italics"/>Apollo<emph.end type="italics"/> at <emph type="italics"/>Babylon<emph.end type="italics"/> there was found a lit<lb/>
tle Gold Casket of very great Antiquity, upon <lb/>
opening of which there i&longs;&longs;ued a Steam of Air, <lb/>
corrupted by Length of Time, and &longs;o poi&longs;onous, <lb/>
that &longs;preading it&longs;elf abroad, it not only killed <lb/>
every body that was near, but infected all <emph type="italics"/>A&longs;ia<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>
with a mo&longs;t dreadful Plague quite as far as <emph type="italics"/>Par<lb/>
thia.<emph.end type="italics"/></s><s> In the Hi&longs;tory of <emph type="italics"/>Ammianus Marcellinus,<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>
we read, that in <emph type="italics"/>Seleucia<emph.end type="italics"/> in the Time of <emph type="italics"/>Mark <lb/>
Anthony<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Verus,<emph.end type="italics"/> after the Plunder and <lb/>
Spoiling of the Temple, and carrying away <lb/>
the Image of the <emph type="italics"/>Conic Apollo<emph.end type="italics"/> to <emph type="italics"/>Rome,<emph.end type="italics"/> they <lb/>
di&longs;covered a little Hole which had been formerly <lb/>
&longs;top'd up by the <emph type="italics"/>Chaldean<emph.end type="italics"/> Prie&longs;ts: Which being <lb/>
opened by the Soldiers, out of a greedy De&longs;ire <lb/>
of Plunder, &longs;ent forth a Vapour &longs;o dreadfully <lb/>
pe&longs;tilential and infectious, that from the Con<lb/>
fines of <emph type="italics"/>Per&longs;ia<emph.end type="italics"/> quite to <emph type="italics"/>Gaul,<emph.end type="italics"/> the whole Coun<lb/>
try was tainted with a mortal and loath&longs;ome <lb/>
Di&longs;temper. </s> <s>Every Room therefore &longs;hould <lb/>
have Windows, not only to let in the Light, <lb/>
but to renew the Air; and they ought to be <lb/>
&longs;o accommodated to Convenience and the <lb/>
Thickne&longs;s of the Wall, as not to admit more <lb/>
remote than U&longs;e and Nece&longs;&longs;ity requires. <lb/>
</s> <s>Morevover we are to take notice what Winds <lb/>
our Windows are to &longs;tand open to; becau&longs;e <lb/>
tho&longs;e which look towards a healthy Air may <lb/>
be allow'd to be large every Way; and it will not <lb/>
be ami&longs;s to open them in &longs;uch Manner that the Air <lb/>
may go clear round the Bodies of the Inhabitants; <lb/>
which may ea&longs;ily be contrived, if the Jambs of <lb/>
the Windows are made &longs;o low, that you may <lb/>
both &longs;ee and be &longs;een &longs;rom the In&longs;ide into the <lb/>
Street. </s> <s>But &longs;uch Windows as are expo&longs;ed to <lb/>
Winds not altogether &longs;o healthy, ought to be <lb/>
&longs;o proportion'd as to admit what Light is <lb/>
requi&longs;ite, but not any Thing larger than is ju&longs;t <lb/>
nece&longs;&longs;ary for that U&longs;e; and they &longs;hould like<lb/>
wife be &longs;et high, that the Wall may break the <lb/>
Winds before they reach us: Becau&longs;e by this <lb/>
means we &longs;hall have Wind enough to renew <lb/>
our Air, but &longs;o interrupted as to take off from <lb/>
the ill Effects of it. </s> <s>We &longs;hould al&longs;o ob&longs;erve <lb/>
what Suns our Hou&longs;e &longs;tands to, and according <lb/>
to various Conveniencies make the Windows <lb/>
larger or &longs;maller. </s> <s>In Summer Apartments, if <lb/>
the Windows are to the North, they &longs;hould be <lb/>
made large every Way; but if they are to the <lb/>
South Sun, it will be proper to make them low <lb/>
and &longs;mall; &longs;uch being be&longs;t adapted for Re<lb/>
ception of the Air, and lea&longs;t liable to be of<lb/>
fended by the Sun's Rays; and there is no <lb/>
Danger &longs;uch a Place &longs;hould ever want Light, <lb/>
when the Sun lies in a Manner continually <lb/>
upon it; &longs;o that Shade and not Light is what <lb/>
is to be con&longs;ulted there. </s> <s>On the contrary in <lb/>
Apartments for Winter, the Windows will be <lb/>
be&longs;t contrived for admitting the Sun if they <lb/>
are made large, and yet we may avoid being <lb/>
troubled by the Winds at the &longs;ame Time, if we <lb/>
place them high, &longs;o that the cold Air may not <lb/>
blow directly upon the People within. </s> <s>La&longs;tly <lb/>
from whatever Side we take in the Light, we <lb/>
ought to make &longs;uch an Opening for it, as may <lb/>
always give us a free Sight of the Sky, and the <lb/>
Top of that Opening ought never to be too <lb/>
low, becau&longs;e we are to &longs;ee the Light with our <lb/>
Eyes; and not with our Heels; be&longs;ides the In<lb/>
convenience, that if one Man gets between <lb/>
nother and the Window, the Light is inter<lb/>
cepted, and all the re&longs;t of the Room is <lb/>
darken'd, which never happens when the Light <lb/>
comes from above. </s> <s>The Doors &longs;hould imitate <lb/>
the Windows, that is, be larger or &longs;maller, <lb/>
more or fewer, according to the Frequency or <lb/>
Nece&longs;&longs;ity of the Place. </s> <s>But I ob&longs;erve, that