<s>CHAP. VIII.</s>

 <s><emph type="italics"/>Some &longs;hort, but general Ob&longs;ervations which may be looked upon as Laws in the <lb/>
Bu&longs;ine&longs;s of Building and Ornament.<emph.end type="italics"/></s>

 <s>I shall here put together &longs;ome &longs;hort and ge<lb/>
neral Admonitions, which are ab&longs;olutely <lb/>
nece&longs;&longs;ary to be ob&longs;erved as &longs;o many Laws, as <lb/>
well in Point of Ornament or Embelli&longs;hment, <lb/>
as in all the other Parts of Architecture. </s> <s>And <lb/>
this may &longs;erve to acquit us of the Promi&longs;e <lb/>
which we made of taking a &longs;hort Review of <lb/>
the whole Work by Way of Epilogue. </s> <s>Fir&longs;t <lb/>
therefore, as we laid it down for a Rule at the <lb/>
Beginning, that all Errors which any Ways de<lb/>
form the Structure were to be avoided princi<lb/>
pally: We will now &longs;peak in the fir&longs;t Place of <lb/>
&longs;uch Errors, and e&longs;pecially of the greate&longs;t. </s> <s>Er<lb/>
rors ari&longs;e either from the Judgement, and lie <lb/>
either in the De&longs;ign or Election; or from the <lb/>
Hand, and lie in the Workmen's Execution. <lb/>
</s> <s>The Errors of the Judgment are both in Time <lb/>
and in their Nature of much the greate&longs;t Im<lb/>
portance, and when committed, le&longs;s capable of <lb/>
being remedied. </s> <s>With the&longs;e therefore we &longs;hall <lb/>
begin. </s> <s>The fir&longs;t Error is to chu&longs;e for your <lb/>
Structure a Region which is unhealthy, not <lb/>
peaceable, barren, unfortunate, melancholy, or <lb/>
afflicted with Calamities, either apparent or <lb/>
concealed. </s> <s>The next Errors to this are chu&longs;<lb/>
ing a Platform not proper or convenient; add<lb/>
ing one Member to another, without con&longs;tant <lb/>
Regard to the Accommodation of the Inhabi<lb/>
tants, and not providing fit and &longs;uitable Con<lb/>
veniencies for every Rank and Degree of them, <lb/>
as well Ma&longs;ters as Servants, Citizens as Ru&longs;<lb/>
ticks, Inmates as Vi&longs;itants: Making your Build<lb/>
ing either too large and &longs;pacious, or too &longs;mall <lb/>
and narrow; too open and naked, or too much <lb/>
&longs;hut in and confined; too much crowded, or <lb/>
too rambling with too many Apartments, or <lb/>
too few: If there be a Want of Rooms where <lb/>
you may &longs;ecure your&longs;elf again&longs;t exce&longs;&longs;ive Heats, <lb/>
or exce&longs;&longs;ive Colds, of Places where you may <lb/>
exerci&longs;e and divert your&longs;elf when you are in <lb/>
Health, and of others where you may be &longs;uf<lb/>
ficiently &longs;heltered again&longs;t any Inclemency of <lb/>
Air when you are &longs;ick: To which add the <lb/>
Structures not being &longs;ufficiently &longs;trong, and as <lb/>
we may &longs;ay, fortified to be &longs;afe again&longs;t any &longs;ud<lb/>
den Attack: If the Wall be either &longs;o &longs;light as <lb/>
not to be &longs;ufficiently &longs;trong to &longs;upport it&longs;elf <lb/>
and the Roof, or much thicker than Nece&longs;&longs;ity <lb/>
requires, if the different Roofs be&longs;patter each <lb/>
other with their Waters, or throw them again&longs;t <lb/>
any Part of the Wall, or near the Entrances: <lb/>
If they be either too low, or too high: If your <lb/>
Windows be too wide, and admit unwhole<lb/>
&longs;ome Winds, noxious Dews, or too much burn<lb/>
ing Sun; or, on the other Hand, if they be &longs;o <lb/>
narrow as to occa&longs;ion a melancholy Gloom: <lb/>
If they break into any of the Ribs of the Build<lb/>
ing: If the Pa&longs;&longs;ages are any Ways ob&longs;tructed, <lb/>
or lead us to any Object that is offen&longs;ive: Or, <lb/>
in &longs;hort, if any of tho&longs;e other In&longs;tructions are <lb/>
neglected, which we have given in the preced<lb/>
ing Books. </s> <s>Among the Errors in Ornament, <lb/>
the Principal, in Architecture as in Nature, is <lb/>
making any Thing prepo&longs;terous, maimed, ex<lb/>
ce&longs;&longs;ive, or any other Ways un&longs;ightly: For if <lb/>
the&longs;e Things are reckoned defective and mon<lb/>
&longs;trous in Nature her&longs;elf, what mu&longs;t we &longs;ay of <lb/>
an Architect that throws the Parts of his Struc<lb/>
tures into &longs;uch improper Forms? </s> <s>And as the <lb/>
Parts whereof tho&longs;e Forms con&longs;i&longs;t, are Lines, <lb/>
Angles, Exten&longs;ion, and the like, it is certainly <lb/>
true, that there can be no Error or Deformity <lb/>
more ab&longs;urd and &longs;hocking, than the mixing <lb/>
together either Angles or Lines, or Superficies <lb/>
which are not in Number, Size and Situation <lb/>
equal to each other, and which are not blended <lb/>
together with the greate&longs;t Care and Accuracy. <lb/>
</s> <s>And indeed who can avoid blaming a Man ex<lb/>
tremely, that without being forced to it by any <lb/>
Manner of Nece&longs;&longs;ity, draws his Wall crooked <lb/>
and askew, winding this way and that like a <lb/>
Worm crawling upon the Ground, without <lb/>
any Rule or Method, with one Side long, and <lb/>
another &longs;hort, without any Equality of Angles, <lb/>
or the lea&longs;t Connection with Regard to each <lb/>
other; making his Platform with an obtu&longs;e <lb/>
Angle on one Side, and an acute one on the <lb/>
other, and doing every Thing with Confu&longs;ion, <lb/>
Ab&longs;urdity and at a Venture: It is another <lb/>
great Error to have rai&longs;ed your Structure in <lb/>
&longs;uch a Manner, that, though indeed with Re<lb/>
lation to its Platform, it is not ami&longs;s, yet, not<lb/>
with&longs;tanding it may be in very great Want of <lb/>
Ornament, it may be utterly incapable of any