the Circumvallation, from the upper Seat to <lb/>
the Top of the Entablature, mu&longs;t in great <lb/>
Theatres be allowed never more than a Third, <lb/>
and in &longs;mall ones, not le&longs;s than a Fourth. </s> <s>Up<lb/>
on this continued Pede&longs;tal &longs;tand the Columns <lb/>
which with their Ba&longs;es and Capitals mu&longs;t be <lb/>
equal to half the Height of the whole Circum<lb/>
vallation. </s> <s>Over the&longs;e Columns lies their En<lb/>
tablature, and over all a Plain Wall, &longs;uch as we <lb/>
de&longs;cribed in Ba&longs;iliques, which Wall mu&longs;t be <lb/>
allowed the &longs;ixth remaining Part of the Height <lb/>
of the Circumvallation. </s> <s>The Columns in this <lb/>
Circumvallation &longs;hall be in&longs;ulate, rai&longs;ed a&longs;ter <lb/>
the &longs;ame Proportions as tho&longs;e in the Ba&longs;iliques, <lb/>
and in Number ju&longs;t an&longs;wering to tho&longs;e of the <lb/>
three quarter Columns &longs;et again&longs;t the Pila&longs;ters <lb/>
of the outward Portico, and they &longs;hall be <lb/>
placed exactly in the &longs;ame Rays, by which <lb/>
Name I under&longs;tand Lines drawn from the Cen<lb/>
ter of the Theatre to the outward Columns. <lb/>
</s> <s>In the low Wall, or continued Pede&longs;tal, &longs;et <lb/>
under the Columns of the inner Portico, mu&longs;t <lb/>
be certain Openings, ju&longs;t over the Pa&longs;&longs;ages be<lb/>
low into the Theatre, which Openings mu&longs;t <lb/>
be in the Nature of Niches, wherein, if you <lb/>
think fit, you may place a Sort of Va&longs;es of <lb/>
Bra&longs;s, hung with their Mouths downwards, <lb/>
that the Voice reverberating in them, may be <lb/>
returned more &longs;onorous. </s> <s>I &longs;hall not here wa&longs;te <lb/>
Time in con&longs;idering tho&longs;e In&longs;tructions in <emph type="italics"/>Vi<lb/>
truvius,<emph.end type="italics"/> which he borrows from the Precepts <lb/>
of Compo&longs;ition in Mu&longs;ick, according to the <lb/>
Rules of which he is for placing the ju&longs;t men<lb/>
tioned Va&longs;es in Theatres, &longs;o as to corre&longs;pond <lb/>
with the differerent Pitches of the &longs;everal <lb/>
Voices: A Curio&longs;ity ea&longs;ily talked of, but how <lb/>
it is to be executed, let tho&longs;e inform us, who <lb/>
know. </s> <s>Thus much I mu&longs;t readily a&longs;&longs;ent to, <lb/>
and <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> him&longs;elf is of the Opinion, that <lb/>
hollow Ve&longs;&longs;els of any Sort, and Wells too, are <lb/>
of Service in &longs;trengthening the Sound of the <lb/>
Voice. </s> <s>But to return to the Portico on the <lb/>
In&longs;ide of the Theatre. </s> <s>The back Wall of this <lb/>
Portico mu&longs;t be quite clo&longs;e and entire, and &longs;o <lb/>
&longs;hut in the whole Circumvallation, that the <lb/>
Voice arriving there, may not be lo&longs;t. </s> <s>On the <lb/>
Out&longs;ide of the Wall to the Street, we may ap<lb/>
ply Columns as Ornaments, in Number, <lb/>
Height, Proportions and Members, exactly an<lb/>
&longs;wering to tho&longs;e in the Porticoes under them, <lb/>
in the outward Front of the Theatre. </s> <s>From <lb/>
what has been &longs;aid, it is ea&longs;y to collect in what <lb/>
Particulars the greater Theatres differ from the <lb/>
&longs;maller. </s> <s>In the greater, the outward Portico <lb/>
below is double, in the &longs;maller &longs;ingle: In the <lb/>
former, there may be three Orders of Columns, <lb/>
one over the other; in the latter, not more <lb/>
than two. </s> <s>They al&longs;o differ in this, that &longs;ome <lb/>
&longs;mall Theatres have no Portico at all on the <lb/>
In&longs;ide, but for their Circumvallation, have on<lb/>
ly a plain Wall and a Cornice, which is in<lb/>
tended for the &longs;ame Purpo&longs;e of returning the <lb/>
Voice, as the Portico in great Theatres, and <lb/>
in &longs;ome of the large&longs;t Theatres, even this in<lb/>
ward Portico is double. </s> <s>La&longs;tly, the outward <lb/>
Covering of the Theatre mu&longs;t be well plai&longs;ter<lb/>
ed or coated, and made &longs;o &longs;loping that the <lb/>
Water may run into Pipes placed in the Angles <lb/>
of the Building, which mu&longs;t carry it off private<lb/>
ly into proper Drains. </s> <s>Upon the upper Cor<lb/>
nice on the Out&longs;ide of the Theatre, Mutules <lb/>
and Stays mu&longs;t be contrived to &longs;upport Poles, <lb/>
like the Ma&longs;ts of Ships to which to fa&longs;ten the <lb/>
Ropes for &longs;preading the Vela or Covering of <lb/>
the Theatre upon any extraordinary Repre&longs;en<lb/>
tation. </s> <s>And as we are to rai&longs;e &longs;o great a Pile <lb/>
of Building to a ju&longs;t Height, the Wall ought to <lb/>
be allowed a due Thickne&longs;s for the &longs;upporting <lb/>
&longs;uch a Weight. </s> <s>Let the Thickne&longs;s therefore <lb/>
of the outward Wall of the fir&longs;t Colonade be a <lb/>
fifteenth Part of the Height of the whole Struc<lb/>
ture. </s> <s>The middle Wall between the two Por<lb/>
ticoes, when the&longs;e are double, mu&longs;t want one <lb/>
fourth Part of the Thickne&longs;s of the outward <lb/>
one. </s> <s>The next Story rai&longs;ed above this may be <lb/>
a twelfth Part thinner than the lower one.</s>

 <s>CHAP. VIII.</s>

 <s><emph type="italics"/>Of the Ornaments of the Amphitheatre, Circus, publick Walks, and Halls, <lb/>
and Courts for petty Judges.<emph.end type="italics"/></s>

 <s>Having &longs;aid thus much of Theatres, <lb/>
it is nece&longs;&longs;ary to give &longs;ome Account <lb/>
of the Circus and Amphitheatre which all owe <lb/>
their Original to the Theatre, for the Circus is <lb/>
indeed nothing el&longs;e but a Theatre with its <lb/>
Horns &longs;tretched further on in Lines equi-di&longs;<lb/>
tant one from the other, only that the Nature <lb/>
of this Building does not require Portices; and