was once burnt by <emph type="italics"/>Phlegyas,<emph.end type="italics"/> about the Time <lb/>
that <emph type="italics"/>Ph&oelig;nice<emph.end type="italics"/> invented &longs;ome Characters for the <lb/>
U&longs;e of his Citizens. </s> <s>It was al&longs;o con&longs;umed by <lb/>
Fire in the Reign of <emph type="italics"/>Cyrus,<emph.end type="italics"/> a few Years before <lb/>
the Death of <emph type="italics"/>Servius Tallus,<emph.end type="italics"/> the King of <emph type="italics"/>Rome;<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>
and it is certain, that it was again burnt about <lb/>
the Time of the Birth of tho&longs;e three great Lu<lb/>
minaries of Learning, <emph type="italics"/>Catullus, Sallus<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Var<lb/>
ro.<emph.end type="italics"/></s><s> The Temple of <emph type="italics"/>Ephe&longs;us<emph.end type="italics"/> was burnt by the <lb/>
<emph type="italics"/>Amazons,<emph.end type="italics"/> in the Reign of <emph type="italics"/>Sylvius Po&longs;thumus,<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>
as it was al&longs;o about the Time that <emph type="italics"/>Socrates<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>
was condemned to drink Poi&longs;on at <emph type="italics"/>Athens:<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>
and the Temple of the <emph type="italics"/>Argives<emph.end type="italics"/> was de&longs;troyed <lb/>
by Fire the &longs;ame Year that <emph type="italics"/>Plato<emph.end type="italics"/> was born at <lb/>
<emph type="italics"/>Athens,<emph.end type="italics"/> at which Time <emph type="italics"/>Tarquin<emph.end type="italics"/> reigned at <emph type="italics"/>Rome.<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>
Why &longs;hould I mention the &longs;acred Porticoes of <lb/>
<emph type="italics"/>Jeru&longs;alem?<emph.end type="italics"/> Or the Temple of <emph type="italics"/>Minerva<emph.end type="italics"/> at <lb/>
<emph type="italics"/>Miletus?<emph.end type="italics"/> Or that of <emph type="italics"/>Serapis<emph.end type="italics"/> at <emph type="italics"/>Alexandria?<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>
Or at <emph type="italics"/>Rome,<emph.end type="italics"/> the <emph type="italics"/>Pantheon?<emph.end type="italics"/> And the Temple <lb/>
of the Godde&longs;s <emph type="italics"/>Ve&longs;ta?<emph.end type="italics"/> And that of <emph type="italics"/>Apollo?<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>
In which la&longs;t we are told the Sibyls Ver&longs;es <lb/>
were de&longs;troyed. </s> <s>We indeed find, that &longs;carce <lb/>
any Temple e&longs;caped the &longs;ame Calamity. <emph type="italics"/>Dia<lb/>
dorus<emph.end type="italics"/> writes, that there was none be&longs;ides that <lb/>
dedicated to <emph type="italics"/>Venus,<emph.end type="italics"/> in the City of <emph type="italics"/>Eryx<emph.end type="italics"/> in <emph type="italics"/>Si<lb/>
cily,<emph.end type="italics"/> that had e&longs;caped to his Time unhurt by <lb/>
the Flames. <emph type="italics"/>Cæ&longs;ar<emph.end type="italics"/> owned that <emph type="italics"/>Alexandria<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>
e&longs;caped being burnt, when he him&longs;elf took it, <lb/>
becau&longs;e its Roofs were vaulted. </s> <s>Nor are vault<lb/>
ed Roofs de&longs;tituted of their Ornaments. </s> <s>The <lb/>
Ancients transferred all the &longs;ame Ornaments to <lb/>
their Cupolas, as the Gold&longs;miths u&longs;ed about <lb/>
the Pateras or Cups for the Sacrifices; and the <lb/>
&longs;ame Sort of Work as was u&longs;ed in the Quilts <lb/>
of their Beds, they imitated in their vaulted <lb/>
Roofs, whether plain or camerated. </s> <s>Thus we <lb/>
&longs;ee them divided into four, eight, or more Pan<lb/>
nels, or cro&longs;&longs;ed different Ways with equal <lb/>
Angles and with Circles, in the mo&longs;t beautiful <lb/>
Manner that can be imagined. </s> <s>And here it <lb/>
may be proper to ob&longs;erve, that the Ornaments <lb/>
of vaulted Roofs, which con&longs;i&longs;t in the Forms <lb/>
of their Pannels or Excavations, are in many <lb/>
Places exceeding hand&longs;ome, and particularly <lb/>
at the <emph type="italics"/>Rotonda<emph.end type="italics"/> at <emph type="italics"/>Rome;<emph.end type="italics"/> yet we have no where <lb/>
any In&longs;truction left us in Writing how to make <lb/>
them. </s> <s>My Method of doing it, which is very <lb/>
ea&longs;y and cheap, is as follows: I de&longs;cribe the <lb/>
Lineaments of the future Pannels or Excavati<lb/>
ons upon the Boards of the Scaffolding it&longs;elf, <lb/>
whether they are to be Quadrangular, Sexan<lb/>
gular, or Octangular. </s> <s>Then tho&longs;e Parts which <lb/>
I intended to excavate in my Roof, I rai&longs;e to <lb/>
the &longs;tated Height with unbaked Bricks &longs;et in <lb/>
Clay in&longs;tead of Mortar. </s> <s>Upon this Kind of <lb/>
Mount thus rai&longs;ed on the Back of the Scaffold<lb/>
ing, I build my vaulted Roof of Brick and Mor<lb/>
tar, taking great Care that the thinner Parts <lb/>
cohere firmly with the Thicker and Stronger. <lb/>
</s> <s>When the Vault is compleated and &longs;ettled and <lb/>
the Scaffolding is taken away from under it, I <lb/>
clear the &longs;olid Building from tho&longs;e Mounts of <lb/>
Clay which I had rai&longs;ed at fir&longs;t; and thus the <lb/>
Shape of my Evcavations or Pannels are formed <lb/>
according to my original De&longs;ign. </s> <s>But to re<lb/>
turn to our Subject. </s> <s>I am extremely delighted <lb/>
with an Ornament mentioned by <emph type="italics"/>Varro,<emph.end type="italics"/> who <lb/>
tells us of a Roof on which was painted a Sky <lb/>
with a moving Star in it, which by a Kind of <lb/>
Hand &longs;hewed at once the Hour of the Day and <lb/>
what Wind blew abroad. </s> <s>I &longs;hould be wonder<lb/>
fully plea&longs;ed with &longs;uch a Contrivance. </s> <s>The <lb/>
Ancients were of Opinion that rai&longs;ing the Roof <lb/>
high and ending it with a Pedient gave &longs;uch an <lb/>
Air of Greatne&longs;s to a Building, that they u&longs;ed <lb/>
to &longs;ay the Hou&longs;e of <emph type="italics"/>Jove<emph.end type="italics"/> him&longs;elf, though they <lb/>
never &longs;uppo&longs;ed it rained in Heaven, could <lb/>
not look hand&longs;ome without it. </s> <s>The Rule for <lb/>
the&longs;e Pediments is as follows. </s> <s>Take not more <lb/>
than the Fourth nor le&longs;s than the Fifth of the <lb/>
Breadth of your Front along the Cornice, and <lb/>
let this be the Summit or upper Angle of your <lb/>
Pediment. </s> <s>Upon this Summit, as al&longs;o at each <lb/>
End, you &longs;et Acroteria, or little Pede&longs;tals for <lb/>
Statues. </s> <s>The Height of the Acroteria or Pe<lb/>
de&longs;tals at the Ends &longs;hould be equal to that of <lb/>
the Freze and Cornice; but that which &longs;tands <lb/>
on the Summit, &longs;hould be an eighth Part higher <lb/>
than the others. </s> <s>We are told that <emph type="italics"/>Buccides<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>
was the fir&longs;t that adorned his Pediments with <lb/>
Statues, which he made of Earth coloured red; <lb/>
but afterwards they came to be made of Mar<lb/>
ble, and the whole Covering too.</s>

 <s>CHAP. XII.</s>

 <s><emph type="italics"/>Of the Apertures proper to Temples, namely, the Windows, Doors, and Valves; <lb/>
together with their Members, Proportions and Ornaments.<emph.end type="italics"/></s>

 <s>The Windows in the Temple ought to <lb/>
be &longs;mall and high, &longs;o that nothing but <lb/>
the Sky may be &longs;een through them; to the <lb/>
Intent that both the Prie&longs;ts that are employed <lb/>
in the Performance of divine Offices, and tho&longs;e <lb/>
that a&longs;&longs;i&longs;t upon Account of Devotion, may